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Cawley C, Barsbay MÇ, Djamangulova T, Erdenebat B, Cilović-Lagarija Š, Fedorchenko V, Gabrani J, Glushkova N, Kalaveshi A, Kandelaki L, Kazanjan K, Lkhagvasuren K, Santric Milicevic M, Sadikkhodjayeva D, Skočibušić S, Stojisavljevic S, Tecirli G, Terzic N, Rommel A, Wengler A. The mortality burden related to COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 - years of life lost and excess mortality in 13 countries and sub-national regions in Southern and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1378229. [PMID: 38903591 PMCID: PMC11187286 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Between 2021 and 2023, a project was funded in order to explore the mortality burden (YLL-Years of Life Lost, excess mortality) of COVID-19 in Southern and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Methods For each national or sub-national region, data on COVID-19 deaths and population data were collected for the period March 2020 to December 2021. Unstandardized and age-standardised YLL rates were calculated according to standard burden of disease methodology. In addition, all-cause mortality data for the period 2015-2019 were collected and used as a baseline to estimate excess mortality in each national or sub-national region in the years 2020 and 2021. Results On average, 15-30 years of life were lost per death in the various countries and regions. Generally, YLL rates per 100,000 were higher in countries and regions in Southern and Eastern Europe compared to Central Asia. However, there were differences in how countries and regions defined and counted COVID-19 deaths. In most countries and sub-national regions, YLL rates per 100,000 (both age-standardised and unstandardized) were higher in 2021 compared to 2020, and higher amongst men compared to women. Some countries showed high excess mortality rates, suggesting under-diagnosis or under-reporting of COVID-19 deaths, and/or relatively large numbers of deaths due to indirect effects of the pandemic. Conclusion Our results suggest that the COVID-19 mortality burden was greater in many countries and regions in Southern and Eastern Europe compared to Central Asia. However, heterogeneity in the data (differences in the definitions and counting of COVID-19 deaths) may have influenced our results. Understanding possible reasons for the differences was difficult, as many factors are likely to play a role (e.g., differences in the extent of public health and social measures to control the spread of COVID-19, differences in testing strategies and/or vaccination rates). Future cross-country analyses should try to develop structured approaches in an attempt to understand the relative importance of such factors. Furthermore, in order to improve the robustness and comparability of burden of disease indicators, efforts should be made to harmonise case definitions and reporting for COVID-19 deaths across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Cawley
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare Management, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Batmanduul Erdenebat
- Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Šeila Cilović-Lagarija
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Natalya Glushkova
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakhs National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Levan Kandelaki
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Khorolsuren Lkhagvasuren
- Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Milena Santric Milicevic
- Laboratory for Strengthening Capacity and Performance of Health System and Workforce for Health Equity, Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Siniša Skočibušić
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Stela Stojisavljevic
- Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Natasa Terzic
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Alexander Rommel
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annelene Wengler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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-Bokaie S, Daneshi S, Bahonar A, Haghdoost A, Barfar E, Patrick Moran D. Estimating the disability adjusted life years associated with COVID-19 in Iran for the first 2 years of the pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1303549. [PMID: 38274514 PMCID: PMC10808479 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1303549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on 11 March 2020. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) combine the impact of morbidity and mortality, allowing for comprehensive comparisons of the population. The purpose of this study was to estimate DALYs due to COVID-19 in Iran for the first 2 years of the pandemic. Methods DALYs were estimated as the sum of Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) associated with COVID-19 in Iran from 19 February 2020 to 20 March 2022. The life expectancy for COVID-19 YLL estimations was based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. Results There were 15,639,243 outpatients and 1,170,602 hospitalized confirmed cases, of which 120,965 deaths were as a direct result of COVID-19. DALYs were estimated to be 2,376,552. Overall, YLL contributed to 99.34% of the DALYs, while the remaining 0.66% was attributed to YLD. Conclusion COVID-19 had a significant impact on population health in Iran during the first 2 years of the pandemic; this study provides a comprehensive depiction of COVID-19's burden and is helpful for comparing its impact with other diseases in the population and across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied -Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahonar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Haghdoost
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Eshagh Barfar
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Cawley C, Gabrani J, Stevanović A, Aidaraliev R, Çakmak Barsbay M, Cilovic Lagarija S, Davletov K, Djamangulova T, Glushkova N, an der Heiden M, Kaçaniku-Gunga P, Kereselidze M, Kryeziu B, Lkhagvasuren K, Mehdiyev S, Oharova D, Sadikkhodjayeva D, Santric Milicevic M, Stanisic M, Stojisavljevic S, Tecirli G, Terzic N, Wengler A, Rommel A. The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 (BoCO-19): A study protocol for a secondary analysis of surveillance data in Southern and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292041. [PMID: 37831679 PMCID: PMC10575506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had an extensive impact on public health worldwide. However, in many countries burden of disease indicators for COVID-19 have not yet been calculated or used for monitoring. The present study protocol describes an approach developed in the project "The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19. Towards a harmonization of population health metrics for the surveillance of dynamic outbreaks" (BoCO-19). The process of data collection and aggregation across 14 different countries and sub-national regions in Southern and Eastern Europe and Central Asia is described, as well as the methodological approaches used. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study implemented in BoCO-19 is a secondary data analysis, using information from national surveillance systems as part of mandatory reporting on notifiable diseases. A customized data collection template is used to gather aggregated data on population size as well as COVID-19 cases and deaths. Years of life lost (YLL), as one component of the number of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY), are calculated as described in a recently proposed COVID-19 disease model (the 'Burden-EU' model) for the calculation of DALY. All-cause mortality data are collected for excess mortality sensitivity analyses. For the calculation of Years lived with disability (YLD), the Burden-EU model is adapted based on recent evidence. Because Covid-19 cases vary in terms of disease severity, the possibility and suitability of applying a uniform severity distribution of cases across all countries and sub-national regions will be explored. An approach recently developed for the Global Burden of Disease Study, that considers post-acute consequences of COVID-19, is likely to be adopted. Findings will be compared to explore the quality and usability of the existing data, to identify trends across age-groups and sexes and to formulate recommendations concerning potential improvements in data availability and quality. DISCUSSION BoCO-19 serves as a collaborative platform in order to build international capacity for the calculation of burden of disease indicators, and to support national experts in the analysis and interpretation of country-specific data, including their strengths and weaknesses. Challenges include inherent differences in data collection and reporting systems between countries, as well as assumptions that have to be made during the calculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Cawley
- Department2: Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Aleksandar Stevanović
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Health Management, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Seila Cilovic Lagarija
- Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kairat Davletov
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Natalya Glushkova
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakhs National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Maia Kereselidze
- National Center for Disease Control & Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Besfort Kryeziu
- National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Khorolsuren Lkhagvasuren
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Samir Mehdiyev
- Public health and reforms center, Ministry of Health, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Dariia Oharova
- Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Milica Stanisic
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Stela Stojisavljevic
- Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Natasa Terzic
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Annelene Wengler
- Department2: Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Rommel
- Department2: Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Swain CK, Rout HS. Gender and age group-wise inequality in health burden and value of premature death from COVID-19 in India. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 3:100151. [PMID: 37361545 PMCID: PMC10284616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier studies have focused on the age-group-wise health burden of COVID-19 while few studies have focused on the gender-wise analysis of the burden of COVID-19. The present study estimated the health burden and value of premature mortality from COVID-19 based on gender and age. Methods This study was based on secondary data collected from several sources of the government of India. To quantify the health burden, the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) method was used. An abridged life table was used to estimate the fall in life expectancy due to COVID-19. The value of premature mortality was estimated by using the human capital approach. Results Among COVID-19 cases, 65.08% were males and 34.92% were females. The overall health burden caused by COVID-19 was 19,24,107 DALY in 2020, 43,40,526 DALY in 2021, and 8,08,124 DALY in 2022. The health burden per 1000 males was more than double that per 1000 females. This was due to higher rates of infection and case fatality rate among males compared to females. The age group 60-64 years experienced the highest loss of healthy life years per 1000 people, while the age group 55-59 years had the highest overall loss. Due to additional deaths from COVID-19, life expectancy decreased by 0.24 years in 2020, 0.47 years in 2021, and 0.07 years in 2022. The total value of premature death in the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic amounted to 15,849.99 crores INR. Conclusion In India, males and the older population were more susceptible to the impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Swain
- Department of Analytical & Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Rout
- Department of Analytical and Applied Economics &, RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 004, India
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Lozano A, Salcedo-Mejía F, Zakzuk J, Alvis-Zakzuk NR, Moyano-Tamara L, Serrano-Coll H, Gastelbondo B, Mattar S, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Alvis-Guzman N. Burden of COVID-19 in Córdoba, A Department of Colombia: Results of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years: Carga de COVID-19 en Córdoba, un Departamento de Colombia: Resultados de los Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad. Value Health Reg Issues 2023; 37:9-17. [PMID: 37121135 PMCID: PMC10147312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the burden of acute COVID-19 in Córdoba, one of the most affected departments (states) in Colombia, through the estimation of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). METHODS DALYs were estimated based on the number of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection cases reported by official Colombian sources. A transition probability matrix among severity states was calculated using data obtained from a retrospective cohort that included 1736 COVID-19 confirmed subjects living in Córdoba. RESULTS Córdoba had 120.23 deaths per 100 000 habitants during the study period (March 2020 to April 2021). Estimated total DALYs were 49 243 (2692 DALYs per 100 000 inhabitants), mostly attributed to fatal cases (99.7%). On average, 25 years of life were lost because of death by this infection. A relevant proportion of years of life lost because of COVID-19 (46.6%) was attributable to people < 60 years old and was greater in men. People ≥ 60 years old showed greater risk of progression to critical state than people between the age of 35 and 60 years (hazard ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval 2.5-12.5) and younger than 35 years (9.1; 95% confidence interval 4.0-20.6). CONCLUSION In Córdoba, premature mortality because of COVID-19 was substantially represented by people < 60 years old and was greater in males. Our data may be representative of Latin American populations with great infection spread during the first year of the pandemic and contribute to novel methodological aspects and parameter estimations that may be useful to measure COVID-19 burden in other countries of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lozano
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Economía de la Salud, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Josefina Zakzuk
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Economía de la Salud, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | | | - Héctor Serrano-Coll
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bertha Gastelbondo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba
| | - Salim Mattar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba
| | - Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia; Programa de posgraduación en Epidemiología, Universidad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Nelson Alvis-Guzman
- Grupo de Investigación en Economía de la Salud, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Chen Q, Griffin PM, Kawasaki SS. Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for Drug Overdose Crisis and COVID-19 Are Comparable During the Two Years of Pandemic in the United States. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 26:796-801. [PMID: 36436793 PMCID: PMC9691271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The drug overdose crisis with shifting patterns from primarily opioid to polysubstance uses and COVID-19 infections are 2 concurrent public health crises in the United States, affecting the population of sizes in different magnitudes (approximately < 10 million for substance use disorder [SUD] and drug overdoses vs 80 million for COVID-19 within 2 years of the pandemic). Our objective is to compare the relative scale of disease burden for the 2 crises within a common framework, which could help inform policy makers with resource allocation and prioritization strategies. METHODS We calculated disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for SUD (including opioids and stimulants) and COVID-19 infections, respectively. We collected estimates for SUD prevalence, overdose deaths, COVID-19 cases and deaths, disability weights, and life expectancy from multiple publicly available sources. We then compared age distributions of estimated DALYs. RESULTS We estimated a total burden of 13.83 million DALYs for SUD and drug overdoses and 15.03 million DALYs for COVID-19 in 2 years since March 2020. COVID-19 burden was dominated by the fatal burden (> 95% of total DALYs), whereas SUD burden was attributed to both fatal (53%) and nonfatal burdens (47%). The highest disease burden was among individuals aged 30 to 39 years for SUD (27%) and 50 to 64 years for COVID-19 (31%). CONCLUSIONS Despite the smaller size of the affected population, SUD and drug overdoses resulted in comparable disease burden with the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional resources supporting evidence-based interventions in prevention and treatment may be warranted to ameliorate SUD and drug overdoses during both the pandemic and postpandemic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Chen
- The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paul M Griffin
- The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Consortium for Substance Use and Addiction, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sarah S Kawasaki
- Psychiatry and Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, USA
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Traebert J, Martins BM, Ferreira PNDSV, Garcia LP, Schuelter-Trevisol F, Traebert E. The burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1743-1749. [PMID: 37255150 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023286.14962022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has had a powerful impact on society with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of an epidemiological indicator that estimates the burden of a disease by aggregating early mortality and non-fatal cases in a single measure has the potential to assist in the planning of more appropriate actions at different levels of health care. The scope of this article is to estimate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis/SC from April 2020 through March 2021. An ecological study was carried out with data from notification and deaths by COVID-19 in the period of 12 months. The burden indicator called Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) was used, obtained by adding the Years of Life Lost (YLL) to the Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD). A total of 78,907 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Of these, 763 died during the period under study. Overall, 4,496.9 DALYs were estimated, namely a rate of 883.8 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants. In males, there were 2,693.1 DALYs, a rate of 1,098.0 DALYs per 100,000 males. In women, there were 1,803.8 DALYs, a rate of 684.4 DALYs per100,000 women. The age group most affected in both sexes was 60 to 69 years. The burden of COVID-19 was high in the city studied. The highest rates were in females and in the 60-69 age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Traebert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Av. Pedra Branca 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca. 88132-270. Palhoça SC Brasil.
| | | | - Pâmela Nogueira da Silva Vilela Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Av. Pedra Branca 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca. 88132-270. Palhoça SC Brasil.
| | - Leandro Pereira Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Av. Pedra Branca 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca. 88132-270. Palhoça SC Brasil.
- Prefeitura de Florianópolis. Florianópolis SC Brasil
| | - Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Av. Pedra Branca 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca. 88132-270. Palhoça SC Brasil.
| | - Eliane Traebert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Av. Pedra Branca 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca. 88132-270. Palhoça SC Brasil.
- Curso de Medicina. Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Palhoça SC Brasil
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Alinia C, Bolbanabad AM, Moradi G, Shokri A, Ghaderi E, Adabi J, Rezaei S, Piroozi B. Burden of COVID‐19 disease in Kurdistan province in west of Iran using disability‐adjusted life years. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1154. [PMID: 36970642 PMCID: PMC10033847 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, about seven million people were infected with the disease, of which more than 133,000 died. Health policymakers need to know the extent and magnitude of the disease burden to decide on how much to allocate resources for disease control. The results of this investigation could be helpful in this field. Methods We used the secondary data released by the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences between February 2020 to October 2021 to estimate the age‐sex standardized disability‐adjusted life years (DALY) by the sum of the years of life lived with disability (YLD) and the years of life lost (YLL). We also applied the local and specific values of the disease utility in the calculations. Results The total DALY was estimated at 23316.5 and 1385.5 per 100,000 populations The YLD and YLL constituted 1% and 99% of the total DALY, respectively. The DALY per 100,000 populations was highest in the men and people aged more than 65 years, but the prevalence was the highest in people under the age of 40. Conclusions Compared to the findings of the “burden of disease study 2019,” the burden of COVID‐19 in Iran is ranked first and eighth among communicable and noncommunicable diseases, respectively. Although the disease affects all groups, the elderly suffer the most from it. Given the very high YLL of COVID‐19, the best strategy to reduce the burden of COVID‐19 in subsequent waves should be to focus on preventing infection in the elderly population and reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Alinia
- Healthcare Management & Economics Department, School of Public HealthUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Amjad M. Bolbanabad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Azad Shokri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Jalil Adabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- School of Public HealthKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Bakhtiar Piroozi
- Healthcare Management & Economics Department, School of Public HealthUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
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Tsai HC, Yang YF, Pan PJ, Chen SC. Disease burden due to COVID-19 in Taiwan: disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with implication of Monte Carlo simulations. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:884-892. [PMID: 37058869 PMCID: PMC10060021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected a large number of countries. Informing the public and decision makers of the COVID-19's economic burdens is essential for understanding the real pandemic impact. METHODS COVID-19 premature mortality and disability impact in Taiwan was analyzed using the Taiwan National Infectious Disease Statistics System (TNIDSS) by estimating the sex/age-specific years of life lost through death (YLLs), the number of years lived with disability (YLDs), and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from January 2020 to November 2021. RESULTS Taiwan recorded 1004.13 DALYs (95% CI: 1002.75-1005.61) per 100,000 population for COVID-19, with YLLs accounting for 99.5% (95% CI: 99.3%99.6%) of all DALYs, with males suffering more from the disease than females. For population aged ≥ 70 years, the disease burdens of YLDs and YLLs were 0.1% and 99.9%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that duration of disease in critical state contributed 63.9% of the variance in DALY estimations. CONCLUSIONS The nationwide estimation of DALYs in Taiwan provides insights into the demographic distributions and key epidemiological parameter for DALYs. The essentiality of enforcing protective precautions when needed is also implicated. The higher YLLs percentage in DALYs also revealed the fact of high confirmed death rates in Taiwan. To reduce infection risks and disease, it is crucial to maintain moderate social distancing, border control, hygiene measures, and increase vaccine coverage levels.
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Gebeyehu DT, East L, Wark S, Islam MS. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) based COVID-19 health impact assessment: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:334. [PMID: 36793006 PMCID: PMC9929217 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of COVID-19 has resulted in health, socio-economic, and political crises. The overall health impact of this disease can be measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) which is the sum of the life years lost due to disability (YLDs) and the years life lost due to premature death (YLLs). The overarching objective of this systematic review was to identify the health burdens of COVID-19 and summarise the literature that can aid health regulators to make evidence-based decisions on COVID-19 mitigation strategies. METHODS This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. DALYs-based primary studies were collected from databases, manual searches, and included studies' references. The primary studies published in English language, conducted since the emergence of COVID-19, and using DALYs or its subsets (years life lost due to disability and/or years life lost due to premature death) as health impact metrics, were the inclusion criteria. The combined disability and mortality health impact of COVID-19 was measured in DALYs. The risk of bias due to literature selection, identification, and reporting processes was assessed using the Joanna Bridges Institute critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE Pro tool. RESULT Of the 1459 identified studies, twelve of them were eligible for inclusion in the review. The years life lost due to COVID-19 related mortality was dominant over the years life lost due to COVID-19 related disability (disability times from the onset of COVID-19 to recovery, from diseases occurrence to mortality, and the long-term consequences of COVID-19) in all included studies. The long-term consequence disability time and the pre-death disability time were not assessed by most of the reviewed articles. CONCLUSION The impact of COVID-19 on both the length and quality of life has been substantial and has been causing considerable health crises worldwide. The health burden of COVID-19 was greater than other infectious diseases. Further studies focussing on issues examining increasing preparedness for future pandemics, public sensitization, and multi-sectorial integration are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Teshome Gebeyehu
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, 1145, Dessie, Amhara, Ethiopia.
| | - Leah East
- grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844School of Nursing and Midwifery, Health, Engineering & Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland 4305 Australia
| | - Stuart Wark
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Rural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
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11
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Binns CW, Lee MK, Doan TTD, Lee A, Pham M, Zhao Y. COVID and Gender: A Narrative Review of the Asia-Pacific Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010245. [PMID: 36612567 PMCID: PMC9819659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest infectious disease epidemic to affect the human race since the great influenza pandemic of 1918-19 and is close to approaching the number of deaths from the earlier epidemic. A review of available data and the numerous currently available studies on COVID-19 shows that the rate of clinical cases is about 10% greater in females than males in Asia. However, the number of deaths is greater in males than in females. Women are more likely to experience the psychological effects of COVID-19 during and after acute infections. A significant proportion of acute COVID-19 infections continue and their prolonged symptoms have been reported. Further studies are needed, including detailed serology, to measure and monitor the incidence of COVID-19. The pandemic has had a widespread impact on broader societies including shortages of food, lockdowns and isolation. The number of orphans in developing countries has increased. Women have had to bear the major impacts of these community effects. More research is required to develop better vaccines acting against new strains of the virus and to develop systems to distribute vaccines to all people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W. Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Public Heath Nutrition Consultant, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Thi Thuy Duong Doan
- Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Andy Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
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12
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Nguyen QD, Prokopenko M. A general framework for optimising cost-effectiveness of pandemic response under partial intervention measures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19482. [PMID: 36376551 PMCID: PMC9662136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created enormous public health and socioeconomic challenges. The health effects of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were often contrasted with significant social and economic costs. We describe a general framework aimed to derive adaptive cost-effective interventions, adequate for both recent and emerging pandemic threats. We also quantify the net health benefits and propose a reinforcement learning approach to optimise adaptive NPIs. The approach utilises an agent-based model simulating pandemic responses in Australia, and accounts for a heterogeneous population with variable levels of compliance fluctuating over time and across individuals. Our analysis shows that a significant net health benefit may be attained by adaptive NPIs formed by partial social distancing measures, coupled with moderate levels of the society's willingness to pay for health gains (health losses averted). We demonstrate that a socially acceptable balance between health effects and incurred economic costs is achievable over a long term, despite possible early setbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Dang Nguyen
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XCentre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008 Australia
| | - Mikhail Prokopenko
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XCentre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008 Australia
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13
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Advantages of Disability-Adjusted Life Years to Measure the Burden of COVID-19. HEALTH SCOPE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) based COVID-19 health impact assessment: A systematic review protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274468. [PMID: 36094922 PMCID: PMC9467350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease that emerged in 2019. This disease is causing devastating health, socio-economic, and economic crises. More specifically COVID-19 is affecting both the quality and length of human life. The overall health impact of this disease is measured by the disability-adjusted life years which is the sum of the life years lost due to disability (the effect on the health quality) and the years life lost due to premature death (effect on the length of life). The purpose of this review is to summarise DALYs-based health impact publications and produce compiled and informative literature that can aid the health regulators to make evidence-based decisions on mitigating COVID-19. Methods The review will be conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The DALYs-based original observational and cross-sectional studies will be collected for assessing the health impact of COVID-19. Both the life quality and length impacts of COVID-19 will be reviewed. The life quality impact of COVID-19 will be measured using the life years lost due to disability (pre-recovery illness, pre-death illness, and post-acute consequences), and its impact on the length of life will be measured with years of life lost due to premature death (shortening of life expectancy). The combined health impact of COVID-19 on the quality and length of life will be measured in disability-adjusted life years. Discussion The impacts of COVID-19 on the two health outcomes (quality and length of life) will indicate the level of COVID-19 health burden. The increase or decrease of COVID-19 health impact might be due to the sample size differences of different studies and the omission of years lost due to post-acute consequences in some studies. After having a summarized systematic review health decision-makers will apply an impact-based response to COVID-19. Trail registration Systematic review registration: This protocol is pre-registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022324931.
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Pires SM, Wyper GMA, Wengler A, Peñalvo JL, Haneef R, Moran D, Cuschieri S, Redondo HG, De Pauw R, McDonald SA, Moon L, Shedrawy J, Pallari E, Charalampous P, Devleesschauwer B, Von Der Lippe E. Burden of Disease of COVID-19: Strengthening the Collaboration for National Studies. Front Public Health 2022; 10:907012. [PMID: 35734754 PMCID: PMC9208200 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Quantifying the combined impact of morbidity and mortality is a key enabler to assessing the impact of COVID-19 across countries and within countries relative to other diseases, regions, or demographics. Differences in methods, data sources, and definitions of mortality due to COVID-19 may hamper comparisons. We describe efforts to support countries in estimating the national-level burden of COVID-19 using disability-adjusted life years. Methods The European Burden of Disease Network developed a consensus methodology, as well as a range of capacity-building activities to support burden of COVID-19 studies. These activities have supported 11 national studies so far, with study periods between January 2020 and December 2021. Results National studies dealt with various data gaps and different assumptions were made to face knowledge gaps. Still, they delivered broadly comparable results that allow for interpretation of consistencies, as well as differences in the quantified direct health impact of the pandemic. Discussion Harmonized efforts and methodologies have allowed for comparable estimates and communication of results. Future studies should evaluate the impact of interventions, and unravel the indirect health impact of the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro Pires
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sara Monteiro Pires
| | - Grant M. A. Wyper
- Place and Wellbeing Directorate, Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Annelene Wengler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - José L. Peñalvo
- Unit of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Romana Haneef
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Declan Moran
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Cuschieri
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Hernan G. Redondo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Scott A. McDonald
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lynelle Moon
- Health Group, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jad Shedrawy
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Von Der Lippe
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
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17
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Tan L, Ganapathy SS, Chan YM, Alias N, Nasaruddin NH, Khaw WF, Omar A. Estimating the COVID-19 mortality burden over two full years of the pandemic in Malaysia. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 22:100456. [PMID: 35493790 PMCID: PMC9042593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yee Mang Chan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Alias
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Fei Khaw
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
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Asdaq SMB, Rabbani SI, Alshammari MK, Alshammari RS, Kamal M, Imran M, AlShammari NA, Al Twallah MF, Alshahrani AH. Burden of COVID-19: a preliminary analysis in the population of Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13219. [PMID: 35415012 PMCID: PMC8995037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented number of human deaths and economic losses. Analyzing the role of disease in different groups of people is useful for determining the burden of disease. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on the Saudi Arabian population's quality of life, with a particular emphasis on the likely fall in their life expectancy. Methods A cross-sectional and retrospective analysis of 2,988 patients' databases was performed to assess COVID-19-induced mortality and complications in the community. The data was gathered from official websites that track the disease's impact daily between July and October 2021. On the acquired data, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and relative risk analysis were performed. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS IBM 25. The Pearson's correlation test was used to examine the relationship between age and disease impact. The significance of the findings was determined by using a P value of less than 0.05. Results The data from the study indicated that the positive test rate, infection rate, and mortality rate in the population were 1.84% [+0.11/-0.39 of 95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.54% (+0.38/-0.52 of CI), and 1.59% (+0.4/-0.7 of CI), respectively. Highest percentage of mortality was observed in Riyadh (17%), followed by Jeddah (8.7%) and Makkah (7.5%). The DALYs/100,000 inhabitants increased progressively as the age of the population increased, and the highest value was found for those over 70 years old (25.73 ± 2.09). Similarly, the risk outcome (55%) increased significantly (p = 0.037) from 40 years onwards, and the maximum was observed at above 70 years (184%, p = 0.006). The correlation analysis indicated a significant association (p = 0.032) between age and COVID-19 induced mortality from the 40-year-old population onwards. Conclusion The current study found that the COVID-19 load in Saudi Arabia was comparable to that in nations that were said to have performed well during the pandemic. DALYs increased from 40 years to 60 years, although people over 60 years had a lower life expectancy and were more susceptible to infection. After 60 years, the occurrence of numerous co-morbid illnesses may have added to the population's burden of COVID-19. Further research in this area may yield a more precise estimate of the COVID-19-induced burden on the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem Saud Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Maternity and Children Hospital, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
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