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Sarangi PK, Srivastava RK, Vivekanand V, Goksen G, Sahoo UK, Thakur TK, Debeaufort F, Uysal-Unalan I, Pugazhendhi A. Recovery of green phenolic compounds from lignin-based source: Role of ferulic acid esterase towards waste valorization and bioeconomic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119218. [PMID: 38782335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of chemicals/products so far relies on fossil-based resources with the creation of several environmental problems at the global level. In this situation, a sustainable and circular economy model is necessitated to mitigate global environmental issues. Production of biowaste from various processing industries also creates environmental issues which would be valorized for the production of industrially important reactive and bioactive compounds. Lignin acts as a vital part in biowaste composition which can be converted into a wide range of phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds have attracted much attention, owing to their influence on diverse not only organoleptic parameters, such as taste or color, but also active agents for active packaging systems. Crop residues of varied groups, which are an affluent source of lignocellulosic biomass could serve as a renewable resource for the biosynthesis of ferulic acid (FA). FA is obtained by the FA esterase enzyme action, and it can be further converted into various tail end phenolic flavor green compounds like vanillin, vanillic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid. Lignin being renewable in nature, processing and management of biowastes towards sustainability is the need as far as the global industrial point is concerned. This review explores all the approaches for conversion of lignin into value-added phenolic compounds that could be included to packaging applications. These valorized products can exhibit the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, and due to these features can emerge to incorporate them into production of functional foods and be utilization of them at active food packaging application. These approaches would be an important step for utilization of the recovered bioactive compounds at the nutraceutical and food industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GST, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, 530045, A.P., India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Center for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302 017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Frederic Debeaufort
- Department of BioEngineering, Institute of Technology Dijon Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 Blvd Docteur Petitjean, 20178 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark; CiFOOD - Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Fate AS, Maheshwari Y, Shekhar Tiwari S, Das P, Bal M. Exploring nanocellulose's role in revolutionizing the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132837. [PMID: 38848844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global demand for eco-friendly products derived from natural resources has spurred intensive research into biomaterials. Among these materials, nanocellulose stands out as a highly efficient option, consisting of tightly packed cellulose fibrils derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Nanocellulose boasts a remarkable combination of attributes, including a high specific surface area, impressive mechanical strength, abundant hydroxyl groups for easy modification, as well as non-toxic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly properties. Consequently, nanocellulose has been extensively studied for advanced applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various sources of nanocellulose derived from diverse natural sources and outlines the wide array of production methods available. Furthermore, it delves into the extensive utility of nanocellulose within the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries, shedding light on its potential role in these fields. Additionally, it highlights the significance of nanocellulose composites and their applications, while also addressing key challenges that must be overcome to enable widespread utilization of nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Sandip Fate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Yash Maheshwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Payal Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Manisha Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.
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3
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Olawuni OA, Sadare OO, Moothi K. The adsorption routes of 4IR technologies for effective desulphurization using cellulose nanocrystals: Current trends, challenges, and future perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24732. [PMID: 38312585 PMCID: PMC10835247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The combustion of liquid fuels as energy sources for transportation and power generation has necessitated governments worldwide to direct petroleum refineries to produce sulphur-free fuels for environmental sustainability. This review highlights the novel application of artificial intelligence for optimizing and predicting adsorptive desulphurization operating parameters and green isolation conditions of nanocellulose crystals from lignocellulosic biomass waste. The shortcomings of the traditional modelling and optimization techniques are stated, and artificial intelligence's role in overcoming them is broadly discussed. Also, the relationship between nanotechnology and artificial intelligence and the future perspectives of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies for optimization and modelling of the adsorptive desulphurization process are elaborately discussed. The current study surveys different adsorbents used in adsorptive desulphurization and how biomass-based nanocellulose crystals (green adsorbents) are suitable alternatives for achieving cleaner fuels and environmental sustainability. Likewise, the present study reports the challenges and potential solutions to fully implementing 4IR technologies for effective desulphurization of liquid fuels in petroleum refineries. Hence, this study provides insightful information to benefit a broad audience in waste valorization for sustainability, environmental protection, and clean energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbenga A Olawuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Olawumi O Sadare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Claveton Down, Bath, North East Somerset, BA27AY, South West, United Kingdom
| | - Kapil Moothi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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4
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Santos Gomes MMOD, Nicodemos IS, Costa Silva MD, Santos DMRCD, Santos Costa F, Franco M, Pereira HJV. Optimization of enzymatic saccharification of industrial wastes using a thermostable and halotolerant endoglucanase through Box-Behnken experimental design. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:1-11. [PMID: 37071540 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the production, characterization and application of an endoglucanase from Penicillium roqueforti using lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes as the substrate during solid-state fermentation. The endoglucanase was generated after culturing with different agro-industrial wastes for 96 h without any pretreatment. The highest activity was obtained at 50 °C and pH 4.0. Additionally, the enzyme showed stability in the temperature and pH ranges of 40-80 °C and 4.0-5.0, respectively. The addition of Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ increased enzymatic activity. Halotolerance as a characteristic of the enzyme was confirmed when its activity increased by 35% on addition of 2 M NaCl. The endoglucanase saccharified sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, wheat bran, cocoa fruit shell, and cocoa seed husk. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize fermentable sugar production by evaluating the following parameters: time, substrate, and enzyme concentration. Under ideal conditions, 253.19 mg/g of fermentable sugars were obtained following the saccharification of wheat bran, which is 41.5 times higher than that obtained without optimizing. This study presents a thermostable, halotolerant endoglucanase that is resistant to metal ions and organic solvents with the potential to be applied in producing fermentable sugars for manufacturing biofuels from agro-industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monizy da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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5
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Nasrun Z, Osman LS, Latif NHA, Elias NHH, Saidin M, Shahidan S, Abdullah SHA, Ali NA, Rusli SSM, Ibrahim MNM, Raja PB, Iqbal MAM, Trache D, Hussin MH. Conversion of archeological iron rust employing coconut husk lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126786. [PMID: 37690637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Rust powder collected from an archeological iron was evaluated by complementary analyses such as FTIR, XRD, XRF, and SEM/EDX. The analyses revealed that lepidocrocite (L) was the major component in the archeological iron. Coconut husk (CH) can be classified as a type of lignocellulosic biomass of renewable resources that are widely available, especially in coastal areas. In this research, the isolated lignin extracted from CH is being studied as a potential alternative for environmentally friendly applications. The isolated lignin from soda and organosolv pulping went through several analyses such as FTIR, NMR (13C and 2D-HSQC), and TGA analyses. The analyses showed that lignin isolated via soda pulping has superior antioxidant capabilities due to its greater phenolic-OH content compared to lignin isolated from organosolv pulping. The effects of lignin concentrations, pH, and reaction time were utilized in rust conversion studies of an archeological iron. 5 wt% of soda lignin (SL) was revealed as the ideal condition in this rust conversion study with a value of 84.21 %. The treated rust powder with 5 wt% of SL was then further gone through several complementary analyses, which revealed that the treated rust had nearly transformed into an amorphous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanaharyatini Nasrun
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Liyana Syafawati Osman
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanis Abd Latif
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanani Hazirah Elias
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mokhtar Saidin
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaiful Shahidan
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Ain Ali
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Syahirah Mohd Rusli
- Department of Natural Heritage, Level 6, Zon B, Wisma Persekutuan Anak Bukit, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaaan Persekutuan, Bandar Muadzam Sham, 06550 Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pandian Bothi Raja
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Anwar Mohamed Iqbal
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046 Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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6
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Shikh Zahari SMSN, Liu Y, Yao P, Ideris MS, Azman HH, Hallett JP. OPEFB pretreatment using the low-cost N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid under varying conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22354. [PMID: 38102175 PMCID: PMC10724162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of temperature and period on the pretreatment of OPEFB using the low-cost N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid ([DMBA][HSO4] IL) with 20 wt% of water. The results demonstrate that higher pretreatment temperatures (120, 150, and 170 °C) and longer periods (0.5, 1, and 2 h) enhanced lignin recovery, resulting in increased purity of the recovered pulp and subsequently enhanced glucose released during enzymatic hydrolysis. However, at 170 °C, prolonging the period led to cellulose degradation and the formation of pseudo-lignin deposited on the pulps, resulting in a decreasing-trend in glucose released. Finally, the analysis of extracted lignin reveals that increasing pretreatment severity intensified lignin depolymerisation and condensation, leading to a decrease in number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (Đ) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK.
- Industrial Chemical Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Putian Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Mahfuzah Samirah Ideris
- Industrial Chemical Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Hazeeq Hazwan Azman
- Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK.
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7
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Anuchi S, Campbell KLS, Hallett JP. Effects of the Ionic Liquid Structure on Porosity of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:15228-15241. [PMID: 37886039 PMCID: PMC10598883 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Converting lignin into advanced porous carbon materials, with desirable surface functionalities, can be challenging. While lignin-derived carbons produced by pyrolysis at >600 °C develop porosity, they also simultaneously lose nearly all their surface functional groups. By contrast, pyrolysis of lignin at lower temperatures (e.g., <400 °C) results in the formation of nonporous char that retains some surface functionalities. However, copyrolysis of lignin with some ionic liquids (ILs) at lower temperatures offers an opportunity to produce porous carbon materials with both large surface areas and an abundance of surface functional groups. This study investigates the effects of IL properties (solubility, thermal, and ionic size) on the specific surface areas of lignin-derived carbons produced by copyrolysis of lignin and ILs at 350-400 °C for 20 min. It was found that ILs that have bulky anions and small cation sizes can induce porosity in lignin-derived carbons with large surface areas. Among 16 ILs that were tested, [C2MIm][NTF2] demonstrated the best performance; the inclusion of it in the copyrolysis process resulted in lignin-derived carbons with ∼528 m2 g-1 and 0.48 cm3 g-1. Lignin-derived carbons produced using no IL, [C2MIm][NTF2], and [C4MIm][OTF] were further characterized for morphology, interfacial chemical, and elemental properties. The copyrolysis of lignin and [C2MIm][NTF2], and [C4MIm][OTF] resulted in doping of heteroatoms (N and S) on the porous carbon materials during pyrolysis reaction. The present findings contribute to a better understanding of the main property of ILs responsible for creating porosity in lignin carbon during pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson
O. Anuchi
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 1AZ, U.K.
| | | | - Jason P. Hallett
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 1AZ, U.K.
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8
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Gao K, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang J. Delignification of switchgrass for xylo-oligosaccharides production using sorbic acid hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129390. [PMID: 37364647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic acid as a class of hydrolysis catalysts shows great potential in the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from lignocelluloses. However, sorbic acid (SA) hydrolysis in XOS production from lignocellulose has not been reported and it was still unclear how lignin removal affected XOS production. Herein, two factors affecting the XOS production from switchgrass by SA hydrolysis were explored: hydrolysis severity factor (Log R0) and lignin removal. Benefiting from the lignin removal (58.4%) in switchgrass, a desired XOS yield of 50.8% with low by-products was obtained from delignified switchgrass by 3% SA hydrolysis at Log R0 = 3.84. Under these conditions, 92.1% of glucose was obtained by cellulase hydrolysis with Tween 80 addition. From a mass balance perspective, 10.3 g of XOS and 23.7 g of glucose could be produced from 100 g switchgrass. This work proposes a novel strategy for XOS and monosaccharides production from delignified switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Hanxing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
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9
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Faria DL, Mendes LM, Junior JBG. Effect of surface treatment on the technological properties of coconut fiber-reinforced plant polyurethane composites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52124-52140. [PMID: 36823468 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric composites reinforced with plant fibers have numerous advantages, such as low cost, high raw material availability and good physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, in recent years, they have been studied as thermal insulation substitutes for synthetic polymers in buildings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technological properties of castor oil-based polyurethane composites reinforced with coconut fibers treated with hot water, alkaline solutions of NaOH and Ca(OH)2 and corona discharge and without surface treatment as materials for the thermal insulation of buildings. The composites were produced by the hand lay-up method followed by compression; 10% by weight coconut fibers were used to replace the synthetic polymer. Specimens were produced, and physical, mechanical, thermal and microstructural tests were performed. The results showed that the polymer had a thermal conductivity of 0.016 W/(mK), while the composites produced with fibers treated with NaOH had a thermal conductivity of 0.028 W/(mK); therefore, these polymers are considered insulating materials (k = 0.01 to 1.0 W/(mK)). Thus, the composites produced with coconut fibers can be considered as lighter, less expensive and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Lamounier Faria
- Department of Forest Science, Perimetral Av, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, POB 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Lourival Marin Mendes
- Department of Forest Science, Perimetral Av, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, POB 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
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10
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Akhlaq M, Uroos M. Evaluating the Impact of Cellulose Extraction via Traditional and Ionosolv Pretreatments from Domestic Matchstick Waste on the Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8722-8731. [PMID: 36910950 PMCID: PMC9996611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a hydrophilic derivative of cellulose whose large volumes have been used in textile processing, protective coatings, detergents, papers, and drilling fluids, while cellulose gum, which is the purified form of CMC, has extensive applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, this work reflects the production of CMC by extracting cellulose with traditional and ionosolv methods from domestic matchstick waste, providing an in-depth view of the overall process where two different kinds of cellulose were obtained from two different pretreatments, and the influence of cellulose on the profile of CMC was checked. All of the procedures have been performed under optimized conditions to reduce the cost and maximize the productiveness. The results depict that cellulose extracted by the ionosolv method using a protic ionic liquid, tetramethylguanidinium hydrogen sulfate (TMG-HSO4), is more degraded than that extracted by the traditional sulfide method using sodium sulfide (Na2S) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Thus, the produced CMC-2 via ionic liquid-extracted cellulose has more yield, DS (2.3), purity (98.5%), and solubility with less salt and moisture contents than CMC-1 produced by the conventional method due to an effective substitution of the hydroxyl group by the carboxymethyl group. Further, instrumental analyses like FTIR, XRD, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and SEM emphasize the results that CMC-2 has more reduction of the hydroxyl peak in FTIR, a more amorphous structure in XRD, intense peaks in NMR, and the roughness of the surface in SEM.
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11
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Mao Y, Gerrow A, Ray E, Perez ND, Edler K, Wolf B, Binner E. Lignin recovery from cocoa bean shell using microwave-assisted extraction and deep eutectic solvents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128680. [PMID: 36706816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, and valorisation of lignin-rich streams has attracted increasing attention recently. This paper presents a novel and sustainable method to recover lignin from Cocoa Bean Shells (CBS) using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and microwaves. A DES containing p-toluenesulfonic acid, choline chloride and glycerol (2:1:1 M ratio) was selected based on its dielectric properties. Under 200 W microwave power, the optimum yield of 95.5 % lignin was achieved at 130 °C and 30 min. DES-extracted lignin exhibited unique structural characteristics including larger particle sizes (242.5 µm D50 size), structural diversity (410.4 µm D90-D10 size) and H/G sub-unit ratio (71.9 %) compared with commercial Kraft lignin (77.2 µm, 157.9 µm and 0.1 % respectively), indicating the potential of DES in the modification and upgrading of lignin for novel value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Mao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Alex Gerrow
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ella Ray
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Nidia Diaz Perez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Karen Edler
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Naturvetarvägen 14/Sölvegatan 39 A, 223 62, Sweden.
| | - Bettina Wolf
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Eleanor Binner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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12
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Applications of ionic liquids for the biochemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biochemicals: A critical review. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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13
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Zhao J, Wilkins MR, Wang D. A review on strategies to reduce ionic liquid pretreatment costs for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128045. [PMID: 36182017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide demand for renewable energy has promoted the considerable exploration of biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Ionic liquid pretreatment is of great interest to render biomass amenable for biofuel production, however, its unaffordable cost stimulates significant attention to the feasibility of commercialization. This review aims to compile the latest advances with respect to reducing production costs for ionic liquids-based biorefineries. Protic ionic liquids offer relatively low synthesis costs, but excessive antisolvent washing of the pretreated biomass is often inevitable. Recovering ionic liquids requires several separation and purification steps, and the reuse of ionic liquids could significantly lose functionality due to the degradation. It is promising to screen ionic liquids-tolerant enzymes and strains for one-pot saccharification and fermentation without solid-liquid separation, however, there is still a need for subsequent recovery of ionic liquids. Additionally, technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment are highly recommended to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark R Wilkins
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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