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Wang W, Huo Y, Lin C, Lian Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Sun X, Chen J, Lin H. Occurrence, accumulation, ecological risk, and source identification of potentially toxic elements in multimedia in a subtropical bay, Southeast China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135110. [PMID: 38970976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in seawater and sediments may be amplified along the aquatic food chain, posing a health threat to humans. This study comprehensively analyzed the concentrations, distribution, potential sources, and health risk of 7 PTEs in multimedia (seawater, sediment and organism) in typical subtropical bays in southern China. The results indicated that Zn was the most abundant element in seawater, and the average concentration of Cd in sediment was 3.93 times higher than the background value. Except for As, the seasonal differences in surface seawater were not significant. The content of Zn in fishes, crustacea, and shellfish was the highest, while the contents of Hg and Cd were relatively low. Bioaccumulation factor indicated that Zn was a strongly bioaccumulated element in seawater, while Cd was more highly enriched by aquatic organisms in sediment. According to principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), the main sources of PTEs in Quanzhou Bay were of natural derivation, industrial sewage discharge, and agricultural inputs, each contributing 40.4 %, 24.2 %, and 35.4 %, respectively. This study provides fundamental and significant information for the prevention of PTEs contamination in subtropical bays, the promotion of ecological safety, and the assessment of human health risk from PTEs in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cai Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhonglian Lian
- Zhanjiang Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhanjiang 524005, China.
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiuwu Sun
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinmin Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
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Ahmed B, Islam S, Quraishi SB, Alam MNE, Ahsan MS, Kabir A. A probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metal in water and sediment: An industrially affected urban river in Bangladesh. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11097. [PMID: 39155848 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Human welfare and biodiversity are at risk due to the deterioration of water and sediment quality. Particularly, in last few decades, global water and sediment quality degraded due to the rapid industrialization and urbanization. This study aimed to determine the concentration of nine heavy metals and metalloid (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and assess the ecological risks using different pollution indices (e.g., heavy metal pollution index [HPI], Nemerow pollution index [NI], geo-accumulation index [Igeo], contamination factor [CF], degree of contamination [CD] and pollution load index [PLI], ecological risk index [ERI]) in water and sediment of the Shitalakshya River, an industrially affected urban river of Bangladesh. For the first time, 20 water and sediment samples were collected across a wider geographical area of the Shitalakshya River during both monsoon and dry seasons and analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrometer. Average concentrations of heavy metals and metalloid in water were within the Bangladesh standard except for Cr (51.69 ppb) and Mn (228.20 ppb) during monsoon season, portraying potential ecological and human health risks. Besides, average concentration of Mn (549.75 and 370.93 ppb), Ni (549.75 and 370.93 ppb), and Cu (45.34 and 36.09 ppb) in sediment during both seasons were above international standard, implying risk to aquatic sediment biota. The average HPI values indicated moderate to high contamination, whereas the NI values implied polluted water in monsoon season with severe pollution in port area of the river. Similarly, Igeo, CF, CD, and PLI elucidated different levels of contamination in the sediment, particularly during dry season. The ERI values also referred moderate ecological risk in the sediment during dry season. Overall, our findings highlight the alarming level of heavy metal pollution in the Shitalakshya River, necessitating immediate action to protect the aquatic environment, sediment biota, and human health. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This study determined the concentration of heavy metals and metalloid in water and sediment of the Shitalakshya River, Bangladesh. The study revealed that the average concentration of Cr and Mn in water exceeded national standard, whereas Mn, Ni, and Cu in sediment exceeded international limit. Potential ecological risk of heavy metals was also assessed using different pollution indices. Calculated pollution indices indicated different degree of pollution, implying critical ecological condition due to heavy metal pollution in aquatic environment and sediment biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Booshra Ahmed
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professional, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamaila Islam
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professional, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Sabbir Ahsan
- Nuclear Power Plant Company Bangladesh Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professional, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Padilla-Reyes DA, Dueñas-Moreno J, Mahlknecht J, Mora A, Kumar M, Ornelas-Soto N, Mejía-Avendaño S, Navarro-Gómez CJ, Bhattacharya P. Arsenic and fluoride in groundwater triggering a high risk: Probabilistic results using Monte Carlo simulation and species sensitivity distribution. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142305. [PMID: 38740338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) in groundwater poses substantial risks to human health on a global scale. These elements have been identified as the most prevalent geogenic contaminants in groundwater in northern Mexico. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the human health and ecological risks associated with the content of As and F- in the Meoqui-Delicias aquifer, which is in one of Mexico's most emblematic irrigation districts. Concentrations of As and F- were measured in 38 groundwater samples using ICP-MS and ion chromatography, respectively. Overall, these elements showed a similar trend across the aquifer, revealing a positive correlation between them and pH. The concentration of As and F- in the groundwater ranged from 5.3 μg/L to 303 μg/L and from 0.5 mg/L to 8.8 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the levels of As and F- surpassed the established national standards for safe drinking water in 92% and 97% of samples, respectively. Given that groundwater is used for both agricultural purposes and human activities, this study also assessed the associated human health and ecological risks posed by these elements using Monte Carlo simulation and Species Sensitivity Distribution. The findings disclosed a significant noncarcinogenic health risk associated with exposure to As and F-, as well as an unacceptable carcinogenic health risk to As through water consumption for both adults and children. Furthermore, a high ecological risk to aquatic species was identified for F- and high to medium risks for As in the sampling sites. Therefore, the findings in this study provide valuable information for Mexican authorities and international organizations (e.g., WHO) about the adverse effects that any exposure without treatment to groundwater from this region represents for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Padilla-Reyes
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jaime Dueñas-Moreno
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Sandra Mejía-Avendaño
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Carmen J Navarro-Gómez
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, 31109, Campus Uach II, Chihuahua, Chih, C.P. 31125, Mexico
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang Z, Lou S, Liu S, Zhou X, Zhou F, Yang Z, Chen S, Zou Y, Radnaeva LD, Nikitina E, Fedorova IV. Potential risk assessment and occurrence characteristic of heavy metals based on artificial neural network model along the Yangtze River Estuary, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32091-32110. [PMID: 38648002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Pollution from heavy metals in estuaries poses potential risks to the aquatic environment and public health. The complexity of the estuarine water environment limits the accurate understanding of its pollution prediction. Field observations were conducted at seven sampling sites along the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) during summer, autumn, and winter 2021 to analyze the concentrations of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn) in water and surface sediments. The order of heavy metal concentrations in water samples from highest to lowest was Zn > As > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd, while that in surface sediments samples was Zn > Cr > As > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd. Human health risk assessment of the heavy metals in water samples indicated a chronic and carcinogenic risk associated with As. The risks of heavy metals in surface sediments were evaluated using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI). Among the seven heavy metals, As and Cd were highly polluted, with Cd being the main contributor to potential ecological risks. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the sources of the different heavy metals, revealing that As originated primarily from anthropogenic emissions, while Cd was primarily from atmospheric deposition. To further analyze the influence of water quality indicators on heavy metal pollution, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was utilized. A modified model was proposed, incorporating biochemical parameters to predict the level of heavy metal pollution, achieving an accuracy of 95.1%. This accuracy was 22.5% higher than that of the traditional model and particularly effective in predicting the maximum 20% of values. Results in this paper highlight the pollution of As and Cd along the YRE, and the proposed model provides valuable information for estimating heavy metal pollution in estuarine water environments, facilitating pollution prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Zhang
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sha Lou
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhou
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shizhe Chen
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuwen Zou
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Larisa Dorzhievna Radnaeva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russia
| | - Elena Nikitina
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russia
| | - Irina Viktorovna Fedorova
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
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Haseen U, Ali SG, Khan RA, Alsalme A, Koo BH, Ahmad H. Preconcentration and selective extraction of trace Hg(ii) by polymeric g-C 3N 4 nanosheet-packed SPE column. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1593-1601. [PMID: 38179094 PMCID: PMC10765282 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05512d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully synthesized polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets through thermal means and proposed their application in solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the enrichment of trace Hg(ii). The nanosheets underwent characterization using scanning electron microscopy, tunnelling electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The column packed with polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets demonstrated effective extraction of trace Hg(ii) ions from complex samples. The g-C3N4 nanosheets possess a zeta potential value of -20 mV, enabling strong interaction with positively charged divalent Hg(ii) ions. This interaction leads to the formation of stable chelates with the nitrogen atoms present in the polytriazine and heptazine units of the material. The proposed method exhibited a high preconcentration limit of 0.33 μg L-1, making it suitable for analysing trace amounts of Hg(ii) ions. Moreover, the method's applicability was confirmed through successful analysis of real samples, achieving an impressive preconcentration factor of 200. The detection limit for trace Hg(ii) ions was determined to be 0.6 μg L-1. To assess the accuracy of the method, we evaluated its performance by recovering spiked amounts of Hg(ii) and by analysing certified reference materials. The results indicated excellent precision, with RSD consistently below 5% for all the analyses conducted. In conclusion, the thermally synthesized polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets present a promising approach for solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of trace Hg(ii) from real samples. The method showcases high efficiency, sensitivity, and accuracy, making it a valuable tool for environmental and analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Haseen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | - Syed Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bon Heun Koo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University Changwon 51140 Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
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Liu M, Song X, Liu C, Cui X, Sun W, Li Z, Wang J. Nanoplastics increase the adverse impacts of lead on the growth, morphological structure and photosynthesis of marine microalga Platymonashelgolandica. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106259. [PMID: 37976841 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics and heavy metals are common pollutants in coastal environments with high concerns, but their joint ecological risk to marine primary productivity remains unclear. In this study, the effects of 7, 70, 700 μg/L lead (Pb) single exposure and in combination with 200 μg/L polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs, 70 nm) on marine microalga Platymonas helgolandica were investigated. Pb single exposure induced a dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of P. helgolandica, which was associated with the reduced photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient accumulation. Compared to Pb single exposure, the addition of NPs significantly reduced the photosynthetic efficiency and aggravated the damage to cell structure. Reduced esterase activity and increased membrane permeability also indicated that NPs exacerbated the adverse effects of Pb on P. helgolandica. Thus, co-exposure to NPs and Pb induced more severe impacts on marine microalgae, suggesting that the joint ecological risk of NPs and heavy metals to marine primary productivity merits more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiukai Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xumeng Cui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Zhengmao Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Liang E, Li J, Li B, Liu S, Ma R, Yang S, Cai H, Xue Z, Wang T. Roles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in shaping the distribution pattern of heavy metal in the Yangtze River. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132410. [PMID: 37647662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the solid-liquid partitioning and migration characteristics of heavy metals, yet little is known about the metal distribution and risk with the participation of DOM in large riverine systems. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of 14 heavy metals and DOM along the entire Yangtze River (over 6000 km), and highlighted the critical roles of DOM in regulating the environmental behaviors of heavy metals. Significant spatial variations of metal contents were observed, with the river source and lower reach remarkably different from the upper-middle reaches. Heavy metals in the Yangtze River were mainly from the natural sources with minor anthropogenic disturbance. We found DOM could promote the conversion of metals from solid to liquid phase and DOM with higher aromaticity showed higher metal affinities. Although low ecological risks were observed in the Yangtze River, potential risks of metal leaching warrant attention, especially for As, Cd and Sb in the middle-lower reaches with higher DOM content and aromaticity. This study established a source-to-sea investigative approach to evaluate the influences of DOM features on metal partitioning, which is crucial for the risk control and sustainable management of large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China; General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, PR China
| | - Shanqing Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zehuan Xue
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Laishram RJ, Singh TB, Alam W. A comprehensive health risk assessment associated with bioaccumulation of heavy metals and nutrients in selected macrophytes of Loktak Lake, Manipur, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105329-105352. [PMID: 37713085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Loktak Lake, a Ramsar site in Northeast India, is known for its rich biodiversity that includes a variety of macrophyte species, most of which have not been studied for their phytoremediation capacities and potential toxicity via consumption of the edible species. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment was conducted to evaluate the accumulation of selected heavy metals and nutrients in 10 dominant macrophyte species growing in Loktak Lake and to assess the potential health risks associated with consumption of the edible plants. The concentrations of nutrients such as total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and heavy metals such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were found to be in the order of plant > sediment > water. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) revealed high efficiency of most plants to accumulate heavy metals and nutrients in their tissues from the lake water and sediments, indicating their potential to be used as phytoremediators. Translocation factors (TFs) were also estimated to determine the efficiency of the plants to translocate elements from root to shoot. Colocasia esculenta and Polygonum perfoliatum exhibited the highest BAF values, whereas Colocasia esculenta, Hedychium flavum, Phragmites karka, and Oenanthe javanica exhibited the highest TF values for most elements. Target hazard quotients (THQs) revealed potential health risks associated with one or more heavy metals in the plants, except for Zn, whose THQ values were below the level of concern in all the edible plant species. The hazard index (HI) signifying potential non-carcinogenic health risk from the combined effects of all the heavy metals was highest for Polygonum perfoliatum, indicating a potentially higher risk to health if this edible macrophyte is regularly consumed in higher quantities and may pose long-term health effects to the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Jajo Laishram
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (A Central University), Canchipur, Indo-Myanmar Road, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Tensubam Basanta Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region (ICAR RC NEH), Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Wazir Alam
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (A Central University), Canchipur, Indo-Myanmar Road, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
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9
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Anyanwu IN, Beggel S, Sikoki FD, Okuku EO, Unyimadu JP, Geist J. Pollution of the Niger Delta with total petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nutrients in relation to seasonal dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14079. [PMID: 37640786 PMCID: PMC10462702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The African Niger Delta is among the world's most important wetlands in which the ecological effects of intensive oil exploitation and global change are not well documented. We characterized the seasonal dynamics and pollution with total-petroleum-hydrocarbons (TPHs), heavy-metals (HMs) and nutrient-loads in relation to climate-driven variables. High TPH concentrations up to 889 mg/L and HMs up to 13.119 mg/L were found in water samples, with pronounced spatio-temporal variation throughout the year. HM pollution index and contamination factor indicate serious ecological and human health hazards, especially for Cd, Cu, Hg, and Ni. Significant differences in TPHs/HMs were observed between sites and seasons, with correlations between TPHs-HMs, and climate-variables and TPHs-HMs. Nutrient levels, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and SO42- were high and interlinked with the variability of TPHs/HMs being greatest during wet season. These findings suggest an urgent need for improved pollution control in the Niger Delta taking into account the observed spatio-temporal variation and the exacerbation of effects in light of climate change. Given the high levels of contamination, further assessments of exposure effects and bioaccumulation in biota should include future climate change scenarios and effects on humans who intensively depend on the system for drinking water, food supply and livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihuoma N Anyanwu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Sebastian Beggel
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 22, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Francis D Sikoki
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B.1023, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Eric O Okuku
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - John-Paul Unyimadu
- Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, P.O. Box 74304, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Muehlenweg 22, 85354, Freising, Germany
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