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Li J, Liang E, Deng C, Li B, Cai H, Ma R, Xu Q, Liu J, Wang T. Labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen inputs modified greenhouse gas dynamics: A source-to-estuary study of the Yangtze River. Water Res 2024; 253:121318. [PMID: 38387270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Although rivers are increasingly recognized as essential sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere, few systematic efforts have been made to reveal the drivers of spatiotemporal variations of dissolved GHG (dGHG) in large rivers under increasing anthropogenic stress and intensified hydrological cycling. Here, through a source-to-estuary survey of the Yangtze River in March (spring) and October (autumn) of 2018, we revealed that labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen inputs remarkably modified the spatiotemporal distribution of dGHG. The average partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), CH4 and N2O concentrations of all sampling sites in the Yangtze River were 1015 ± 225 μatm, and 87.5± 36.5 nmol L-1, and 20.3 ± 6.6 nmol L-1, respectively, significantly lower than the global average. In terms of longitudinal and seasonal variations, higher GHG concentrations were observed in the middle-lower reach in spring. The dominant drivers of spatiotemporal variations in dGHG were labile, protein-like DOM components and nitrogen level. Compared with the historical data of dGHG from published literature, we found a significant increase in N2O concentrations in the Yangtze River during 2004-2018, and the increasing trend was consistent with the rising riverine nitrogen concentrations. Our study emphasized the critical roles of labile DOM and nitrogen inputs in driving the spatial hotspots, seasonal variations and annual trends of dGHG. These findings can contribute to constraining the global GHG budget estimations and controls of GHG emission in large rivers in response to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chunfang Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China; General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 15030, PR China
| | - Jiaju Liu
- Research Center for Integrated Control of Watershed Water Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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He KJ, Gong G, Liang E, Lv Y, Lin S, Xu J. Pan-cancer analysis of 60S Ribosomal Protein L7-Like 1 (RPL7L1) and validation in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101844. [PMID: 38042135 PMCID: PMC10701367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is an association between cancer and increased ribosome biogenesis. At present, the RPL7L1 (60S Ribosomal Protein L7-Like 1) were less reported by literature search. Study reports that RPL7L1 is associated with mouse embryonic and skeletal muscle. The study of RPL7L1 on tumors has not been reported. METHODS Our team downloaded the pan-cancer dataset that is uniformly normalized from the UCSC database (N=19131). Our study examined the relationship between RPL7L1 expression level and clinical prognosis with methylation, anti-tumour immunity, functional states, MSI, TMB, DNSss, LOH and chemotherapeutic responses in 43 cancer types and subtypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS RPL7L1 was overexpressed in nine tumor types. Gene mutation, tumor microenvironment and methylation modification of RPL7L1 plays a key role in patient prognosis. And the high expression of RPL7L1 was associated with TMB, MSI, LOH especially LIHC and HNSC. We experimentally verified that genes can promote the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Our study suggested that RPL7L1 biomarker can be used for treating cancer, detecting it, and predicting its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie He
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guoyu Gong
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen China
| | - E Liang
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen China
| | - Yangbo Lv
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuiquan Lin
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Li J, Liang E, Xu X, Xu N. Occurrence, mass loading, and post-control temporal trend of legacy perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the middle and lower Yangtze River. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115966. [PMID: 38150975 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Present study focused on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) occurrence in dry and wet seasons in the middle and lower Yangtze River (YZR) and changing temporal trends after years of control. Results revealed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was 75 % of total PFAS concentrations (∑11PFASs). ∑11PFASs were ranged 0.20-28.49 ng/L and 1.17-112.84 μg/kg in water and sediment. The logKoc of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids was positive with the carbon chain length (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.78). A meta-analysis of results from 16 peer-reviewed publications about PFASs in the YZR showed that fluorochemical industries strongly influenced the high PFAS levels in the detected scenes. PFOA was still the primary pollutant. Individual PFAS in the lower reach was higher than those in the middle reach. The mass loading of PFASs imported into the sea was 10.80 t/y. This study will help develop effective approaches for controlling emerging pollutants in the YZR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuming Xu
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Li J, Wang T, Liang E. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic evidence for atrazine degradation by electro-activated persulfate: Radical contributions and comparisons with heat-activated persulfate. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:122892. [PMID: 37952922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The activation ways of persulfate (PS) were dominate for pollutant degradation and energy consumption. For the first time, this research compared electro-activated PS and heat-activated PS from the perspective of isotope fractionation, in order to "fingerprinted" and precisely interpretate reaction contributions and degradation pathways. As results, PS can be electrochemically activated with atrazine (ATZ) removal rates of 84.8% and 88.8% at pH 4 and 7. The two-dimensional isotope plots (ɅC/H) values were 6.20 at pH 4 and 7.46 at pH 7, rather different from that of SO4·- -dominated process with ɅC/H value of -4.80 at pH 4 and -23.0 at pH 7, suggesting the weak contribution of SO4·-. ATZ degradation by electro-activated PS was controlled by direct electron transfer (DET) and ·OH radical, and ·OHPS (derived from PS activation) played the crucial role with contributing rate of 63.2%-69.1%, while DET and ·OHBDD (derived from electrolysis of H2O) contributed to 4.5-7.9% and 23.0%-30.8%, respectively. This was different from heat activation of PS, of which the latter was dominated by SO4·- with contributions of 83.9%-100%. The discrepant dominating reactive oxygen species should be responsible for their different degradation capabilities and pathways. This research provided isotopic interpretations for differences of PS activation mode, and further efforts can be made to realize the selective degradation by enhancing the specific reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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Du W, Wang J, Zhao X, Liang E, He J, Kong L, Cai P, Xu N. Algal or bacterial community: Who can be an effective indicator of the impact of reclaimed water recharge in an urban river. Water Res 2023; 247:120821. [PMID: 37952398 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water has been widely utilized for water resource replenishment, yet little is known regarding its impacts on various microorganisms in the receiving water. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically investigated the responses of bacteria and algae to the recharge of reclaimed water by using the high-throughput sequencing technology in the urban Chaobai River. After the inputs of reclaimed water, lower contents of NO2--N, NH4+-N, and TP were observed in the downstream section compared to that of upstream without reclaimed water, indicating that reclaimed water could improve the water quality of the receiving water. Correspondingly, both bacterial and algal communities showed the decreased network complexity in the downstream section, but many common freshwater bacteria and typical bloom-forming algae were dominant in the downstream, potentially suggesting that algae were more sensitive to the local environmental conditions. More importantly, although nitrogen and phosphorus served as the paramount factors in shaping both bacterial and algal communities, environmental selection contributed more to algal rather than bacterial community, and simultaneously algal variations could further affect bacterial dynamics in the urban river. Overall, these findings revealed distinct characteristics of bacteria and algae in responding to the reclaimed water recharge, highlighting the superiority of algae in indicating environmental changes, especially in monitoring and regulating the replenishment of reclaimed water in urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Du
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinxi He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingrui Kong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pinggui Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Huang Y, Zhang L, Liu T, Liang E. LMNB1 targets FOXD1 to promote progression of prostate cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:513. [PMID: 37840569 PMCID: PMC10570766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) expression is upregulated in various types of human cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the roles of FOXD1 in prostate cancer (PC) remain largely unknown. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was used for the bioinformatics analysis of FOXD1 in PC. FOXD1 expression levels in normal immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) and prostate cancer cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. PC cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Transwell assays were performed to assess the migration and invasion of PC cells. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the association between FOXD1 and lamin (LMN)B1. LMNB1 is an important part of the cytoskeleton, which serves an important role in the process of tumor occurrence and development, regulating apoptosis and DNA repair. FOXD1 expression was upregulated in PC tissues, with its high expression being associated with clinical stage and survival in PC. Knockdown of FOXD1 inhibited viability, migration and invasion of PC cells. FOXD1 positively regulated LMNB1 expression. The effect of FOXD1 knockdown on PC cells was reversed by LMNB1 overexpression. In conclusion, FOXD1, positively regulated by LMNB1, served as an oncogene in PC and may be a potential biomarker and treatment target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Tianlei Liu
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - E Liang
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
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Wu Z, Cai P, Liang E, Chen Q, Sun W, Wang J. Distinct adaptive strategies and microbial interactions of soil viruses under different metal(loid) contaminations. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132347. [PMID: 37619274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, as the most abundant organisms, significantly influence ecological function and microbial survival in soils, yet little was known about how viruses and virus-microbe interactions respond to environmental stresses induced by metal(loid) contaminations. Here, we conducted the metagenomic analysis to investigate the adaptative mechanisms of soil viruses under different metal(loid) contamination levels. By capturing a catalogue of 23,066 viruses, we found that viral communities exhibited the increased richness, diversity, and the temperate to lytic ratio in facing the highest metal(loid) contaminations. Meanwhile, viruses displayed obvious lineage-specific infection modes to distinct dominant hosts under different pollution levels. Viral functions linking to the inhibition of transcription and the enhancement of DNA repairment as well as multiple resistance not only contributed to coping with elevated multiple metal(loid) stresses, but also facilitated the adaptation and functioning of viral hosts. Moreover, the harmonious coexistence of viruses and resistant/pathogenic bacteria under the heaviest contaminations potentially exacerbated disseminating resistance and pathogenicity, while viruses under the lightest contaminations might be natural predators of resistant/pathogenic bacteria through lysing host cells. Overall, this study highlights the ecological importance of viral adaptation and the interactions between viruses and resistant/pathogenic bacteria in contaminated environments, contributing to developing virus-based approaches to soil restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhi Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pinggui Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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8
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Liang E, Li J, Li B, Liu S, Ma R, Yang S, Cai H, Xue Z, Wang T. Roles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in shaping the distribution pattern of heavy metal in the Yangtze River. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132410. [PMID: 37647662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the solid-liquid partitioning and migration characteristics of heavy metals, yet little is known about the metal distribution and risk with the participation of DOM in large riverine systems. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of 14 heavy metals and DOM along the entire Yangtze River (over 6000 km), and highlighted the critical roles of DOM in regulating the environmental behaviors of heavy metals. Significant spatial variations of metal contents were observed, with the river source and lower reach remarkably different from the upper-middle reaches. Heavy metals in the Yangtze River were mainly from the natural sources with minor anthropogenic disturbance. We found DOM could promote the conversion of metals from solid to liquid phase and DOM with higher aromaticity showed higher metal affinities. Although low ecological risks were observed in the Yangtze River, potential risks of metal leaching warrant attention, especially for As, Cd and Sb in the middle-lower reaches with higher DOM content and aromaticity. This study established a source-to-sea investigative approach to evaluate the influences of DOM features on metal partitioning, which is crucial for the risk control and sustainable management of large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China; General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, PR China
| | - Shanqing Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zehuan Xue
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Chen T, Liu T, Wu Z, Wang B, Chen Q, Zhang M, Liang E, Ni J. Virus-pathogen interactions improve water quality along the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Canal. ISME J 2023; 17:1719-1732. [PMID: 37524909 PMCID: PMC10504254 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens and viruses are the leading causes of global waterborne diseases. Here, we discovered an interesting natural paradigm of water "self-purification" through virus-pathogen interactions over a 1432 km continuum along the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Canal (MR-SNWDC) in China, the largest water transfer project in the world. Due to the extremely low total phosphorus (TP) content (ND-0.02 mg/L) in the MR-SNWDC, the whole canal has experienced long-lasting phosphorus (P) limitation since its operation in 2015. Based on 4443 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 40,261 nonredundant viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) derived from our recent monitoring campaign, we found that residential viruses experiencing extreme P constraints had to adopt special adaptive strategies by harboring smaller genomes to minimize nucleotide replication, DNA repair, and posttranslational modification costs. With the decreasing P supply downstream, bacterial pathogens showed repressed environmental fitness and growth potential, and a weakened capacity to maintain P acquisition, membrane formation, and ribonucleotide biosynthesis. Consequently, the unique viral predation effects under P limitation, characterized by enhanced viral lytic infections and an increased abundance of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) genes linked to viral nuclear DNA replication cycles, led to unexpectedly lower health risks from waterborne bacterial pathogens in the downstream water-receiving areas. These findings highlighted the great potential of water self-purification associated with virus-pathogen dynamics for water-quality improvement and sustainable water resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Eco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Tang Liu
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zongzhi Wu
- Eco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Bingxue Wang
- Eco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Enhang Liang
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Eco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
- Environmental Microbiome and Innovative Genomics Laboratory, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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Liang E, Huang T, Li J, Wang T. Degradation pathways of atrazine by electrochemical oxidation at different current densities: Identifications from compound-specific isotope analysis and DFT calculation. Environ Pollut 2023:121987. [PMID: 37301451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current density was the key factor that impacted pollutant degradation by electrochemical oxidation, and reaction contributions at various current densities were non-negligible for the cost-effective treatments of organic pollutants. This research introduced compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) into atrazine (ATZ) degradation by boron doped diamond (BDD) with current density of 2.5-20 mA/cm2, in order to provide "in-situ" and "fingerprint" analysis of reaction contributions with changed current densities. As results, the increased current density displayed a positive impact on ATZ removal. The ɅC/H values (correlations of Δδ13C and Δδ2H) were 24.58, 9.18 and 8.74 when current densities were 20, 4, and 2.5 mA/cm2, with ·OH contribution of 93.5%, 77.2% and 80.35%, respectively. While DET process favored lower current density with contribution rates up to ∼20%. What's more interesting, though the carbon and hydrogen isotope enrichment factors (εC and εH) were fluctuate, the ɅC/H linearly increased accompanied with applied current densities. Therefore, increasing current density was effective due to the larger ·OH contribution even though side reactions may occur. DFT calculations proved the increase of C-Cl bond length and the delocalization of Cl atom, confirming dechlorination reaction mainly occurred in the direct electron transfer process. While ·OH radical mainly attack the C-N bond on the side chain, which was more benefit to the fast decomposition of ATZ molecule and intermediates. It was forceful to discuss pollutant degradation mechanism by combining CSIA and DFT calculations. Target bond cleavage (i.e., dehalogenation reaction) can be conducted by changing reaction conditions like current density due to the significantly different isotope fractionation and bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Taobo Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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11
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Smith E, Naik A, Krist D, Shaffer A, Liang E, Goel M, Smith R. A Comparison of Modalities to Differentiate Radiation Necrosis from Tumor Progression: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients. METHODS The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively. RESULTS The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- An Shun City People’s Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | | | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Mao, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China (e-mail: )
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13
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Higgins V, Nichols M, Gao H, Maravilla N, Liang E, Su J, Xu M, Rokhforooz F, Leung F. Defining blood gas analysis stability limits across five sample types. Clin Biochem 2022; 115:107-111. [PMID: 36126745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Accurate reporting of blood gas samples is dependent upon following proper preanalytical sample handling requirements though there is variation for sample acceptability criteria across institutions. We examined five common sample types (arterial, venous, umbilical arterial, umbilical venous and capillary) stored at either room temperature or on crushed ice in a time series (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 240 min) and applied local regulatory and/or institutional allowable performance limits to determine the need for cold preservation and/or maximum stability time for pH, pO2, pCO2, glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, and ionized calcium where applicable in each sample type. Although changes in sample pO2 and/or lactate values were responsible, in part or in whole, for surpassing the allowable limits in nearly all sample types analyzed, this was not uniformly observed across sample types within the typical time limits that are referenced in literature. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cold preservation may not ubiquitously provide longer stability for blood gas specimens and this is dependent on the sample type and analyte in question. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate the known instability of pO2 and lactate and suggest that it may be possible to simplify the monitoring of preanalytical conditions by first evaluating pO2 and lactate in patient blood gas samples if applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Higgins
- DynaLIFE Medical Labs, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Nichols
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - H Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Maravilla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Su
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Rokhforooz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Li J, Peng G, Xu X, Liang E, Sun W, Chen Q, Yao L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater from a contaminated site in the North China Plain: Occurrence, source apportionment, and health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2022; 302:134873. [PMID: 35551938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are manmade chemicals that have wide industrial and commercial application. However, little research has been carried out on PFASs pollution in groundwater from a previously contaminated site. Here, we investigated 43 PFASs in a monitoring campaign from two different aquifers in the North China Plain. Our results revealed that total PFASs concentrations (∑43PFASs) ranged from 0.22 to 3,776.76 ng/L, with no spatial or compositional differences. Moreover, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) were the dominant pollutants with mean concentrations of 177.33 ng/L and 51 ng/L, respectively. ∑43PFAS decreased with well depth due to the adsorption of PFASs to the aquifer materials. Water temperature, total organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus concentrations were correlated to the PFAS concentrations. Principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of PFASs in groundwater were untreated industrial discharge, untreated domestic wastewater, food packaging, aqueous film forming foams and metal plating, and surface runoff, which overlapped with the industries that previously existed in a nearby city. Human health risks from drinking contaminated groundwater were low to the local residents, with children aged 1-2 years being the most sensitive group. One specific site with a high PFOA concentration was of concern, as it was several orders higher than the 70 ng/L recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency health advisory. This study provided baseline data for PFASs in a previously-contaminated site, which will help in the development of effective strategies for controlling PFASs pollution in the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guyu Peng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuming Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Lei Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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15
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Liang E, Zheng KQ, Yao K, Lo W, Hasson H, Zhang A, Burns M, Wong WH, Zhang Y, Dashko A, Quevedo H, Ditmire T, Dyer G. A scintillator attenuation spectrometer for intense gamma-rays. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:063103. [PMID: 35777994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new type of compact high-resolution high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometer for short-pulse intense gamma-rays (250 keV to 50 MeV) has been developed by combining the principles of scintillators and attenuation spectrometers. The first prototype of this scintillator attenuation spectrometer (SAS) was tested successfully in Trident laser experiments at LANL. Later versions have been used extensively in the Texas Petawatt laser experiments in Austin, TX, and more recently in OMEGA-EP laser experiments at LLE, Rochester, NY. The SAS is particularly useful for high-repetition-rate laser applications. Here, we give a concise description of the design principles, capabilities, and sample preliminary results of the SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - K Q Zheng
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - K Yao
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Lo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - H Hasson
- Physics Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Burns
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - W H Wong
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - A Dashko
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Quevedo
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T Ditmire
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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16
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Dang C, Liu S, Chen Q, Sun W, Zhong H, Hu J, Liang E, Ni J. Response of microbial nitrogen transformation processes to antibiotic stress in a drinking water reservoir. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149119. [PMID: 34303244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effects of antibiotics on microbial nitrogen transformation processes in natural aquatic ecosystems are largely unknown. In this study, we utilized the 15N stable isotope tracers and metagenomic sequencing to identify how antibiotics drive nitrogen transformation processes in Danjiangkou Reservoir, which is the largest artificial drinking water reservoir in China. We retrieved 51 nitrogen functional genes, and found that the highest abundances of nitrate reduction and denitrification-related genes occurred in dissimilatory nitrogen transformation pathways. 15N-labelling analysis substantiated that denitrification was the main pathway for nitrogen removal, accounting for 57.1% of nitrogen loss. Nitrogen functional genes and antibiotic resistance genes co-occurred in Danjiangkou Reservoir, and they were mainly carried by the denitrifying bacteria such as Rhodoferax, Polaromonas, Limnohabitans, Pararheinheimera, Desulfobulbus, and Pseudopelobacter. Genome annotation revealed that antibiotic deactivation, Resistance-Nodulation-Division and facilitator superfamily efflux pumps were responsible for the multiple-resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria. Moreover, antibiotics showed non-significant effects on nitrogen transformation processes. It is speculated that denitrifying bacteria harboring ARGs played crucial roles in protecting nitrogen transformation from low-level antibiotics stress in the reservoir. Our results highlight that denitrifying bacteria are important hosts of ARGs, which provides a novel perspective for evaluating the effects of antibiotics on nitrogen cycle in natural aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Weiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haohui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Enhang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Huang Y, Liang E, Schaff E, Zhao B, Snyder K, Wen N, Chetty I, Shah M, Siddiqui S. Impact of MRI Sequence Resolution for Target Volume Definition in Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Zhang L, Zhao H, Ma Y, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Cui J, Yang C, Zhang J, Wang P, Xu L, Yu J, Men L, Liang E, Yang D, Zhai Y. MA02.06 Phase 1b Study of Pelcitoclax (APG-1252) in Combination With Osimertinib in Patients With EGFR TKI-Resistant NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhao HC, Xia H, Hu S, Lv YY, Zhao ZR, He J, Liang E, Ni G, Chen LY, Qiu XP, Zhou SM, Zhao HB. Large ultrafast-modulated Voigt effect in noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn 3Sn. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5266. [PMID: 34489461 PMCID: PMC8421456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The time-resolved magneto-optical (MO) Voigt effect can be utilized to study the Néel order dynamics in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, but it has been limited for collinear AFM spin configuration. Here, we have demonstrated that in Mn3Sn with an inverse triangular spin structure, the quench of AFM order by ultrafast laser pulses can result in a large Voigt effect modulation. The modulated Voigt angle is significantly larger than the polarization rotation due to the crystal-structure related linear dichroism effect and the modulated MO Kerr angle arising from the ferroic ordering of cluster magnetic octupole. The AFM order quench time shows negligible change with increasing temperature approaching the Néel temperature (TN), in markedly contrast with the pronounced slowing-down demagnetization typically observed in conventional magnetic materials. This atypical behavior can be explained by the influence of weakened Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction rather than the smaller exchange splitting on the diminished AFM order near TN. The temperature-insensitive ultrafast spin manipulation can pave the way for high-speed spintronic devices either working at a wide range of temperature or demanding spin switching near TN. Mn3Sn is an anti-ferromagnetic material which displays a large magneto-optical Kerr effect, despite lacking a ferromagnetic moment. Here, the authors show that likewise, Mn3Sn, also presents a particularly large magneto-optical Voigt signal, with a negligible change in the quench time over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xia
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Y Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z R Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J He
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - E Liang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Ni
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - L Y Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X P Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - S M Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - H B Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Dai W, Zeng Y, Liang E, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Peng J. The actuality of resilience, social support and quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China. Nurs Open 2021; 9:2190-2198. [PMID: 34037332 PMCID: PMC9190699 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was conducted to increase knowledge on the actuality of resilience, social support and quality of life among inflammatory bowel disease patients in China to provide evidence for psychological support. Design Using convenience sampling, 249 outpatients and inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease from a hospital who completed the questionnaires were enrolled in the analytic questionnaire‐based study. Methods Demographic information forms, Resilience Scale for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Social Support Rating Scale and Short Health Scale were administered. Results It was found that the resilience of patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be enhanced. When considering factors that influence resilience, the place of residence (living in rural areas) and utilization of social support should be considered. Resilience demonstrated a positive correlation with utilization of social support, and different place of residence was related to resilience. Targeted interventions should be implemented to increase patients’ resilience and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dai
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufeng Zeng
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - E Liang
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhou
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Wells HL, Letko M, Lasso G, Ssebide B, Nziza J, Byarugaba DK, Navarrete-Macias I, Liang E, Cranfield M, Han BA, Tingley MW, Diuk-Wasser M, Goldstein T, Johnson CK, Mazet JAK, Chandran K, Munster VJ, Gilardi K, Anthony SJ. The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab007. [PMID: 33754082 PMCID: PMC7928622 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 are not phylogenetically closely related; however, both use the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in humans for cell entry. This is not a universal sarbecovirus trait; for example, many known sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-1 have two deletions in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein that render them incapable of using human ACE2. Here, we report three sequences of a novel sarbecovirus from Rwanda and Uganda that are phylogenetically intermediate to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate via in vitro studies that they are also unable to utilize human ACE2. Furthermore, we show that the observed pattern of ACE2 usage among sarbecoviruses is best explained by recombination not of SARS-CoV-2, but of SARS-CoV-1 and its relatives. We show that the lineage that includes SARS-CoV-2 is most likely the ancestral ACE2-using lineage, and that recombination with at least one virus from this group conferred ACE2 usage to the lineage including SARS-CoV-1 at some time in the past. We argue that alternative scenarios such as convergent evolution are much less parsimonious; we show that biogeography and patterns of host tropism support the plausibility of a recombination scenario, and we propose a competitive release hypothesis to explain how this recombination event could have occurred and why it is evolutionarily advantageous. The findings provide important insights into the natural history of ACE2 usage for both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and a greater understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that shape zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. This study also underscores the need for increased surveillance for sarbecoviruses in southwestern China, where most ACE2-using viruses have been found to date, as well as other regions such as Africa, where these viruses have only recently been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 1155 College Ave, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - G Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10462, USA
| | - B Ssebide
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D K Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Plot 42, Nakasero Road, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Living Stone Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - I Navarrete-Macias
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Liang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - M Cranfield
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - B A Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - M W Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - C K Johnson
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J A K Mazet
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10462, USA
| | - V J Munster
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 1155 College Ave, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - K Gilardi
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Plot 42, Nakasero Road, Kampala, Uganda.,One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S J Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wells H, Letko M, Lasso G, Ssebide B, Nziza J, Byarugaba D, Navarrete-Macias I, Liang E, Cranfield M, Han B, Tingley M, Diuk-Wasser M, Goldstein T, Johnson C, Mazet J, Chandran K, Munster V, Gilardi K, Anthony S. The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus. bioRxiv 2021:2020.07.07.190546. [PMID: 32676605 PMCID: PMC7359528 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.190546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are not phylogenetically closely related; however, both use the ACE2 receptor in humans for cell entry. This is not a universal sarbecovirus trait; for example, many known sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-1 have two deletions in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein that render them incapable of using human ACE2. Here, we report three sequences of a novel sarbecovirus from Rwanda and Uganda which are phylogenetically intermediate to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate via in vitro studies that they are also unable to utilize human ACE2. Furthermore, we show that the observed pattern of ACE2 usage among sarbecoviruses is best explained by recombination not of SARS-CoV-2, but of SARS-CoV-1 and its relatives. We show that the lineage that includes SARS-CoV-2 is most likely the ancestral ACE2-using lineage, and that recombination with at least one virus from this group conferred ACE2 usage to the lineage including SARS-CoV-1 at some time in the past. We argue that alternative scenarios such as convergent evolution are much less parsimonious; we show that biogeography and patterns of host tropism support the plausibility of a recombination scenario; and we propose a competitive release hypothesis to explain how this recombination event could have occurred and why it is evolutionarily advantageous. The findings provide important insights into the natural history of ACE2 usage for both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, and a greater understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that shape zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. This study also underscores the need for increased surveillance for sarbecoviruses in southwestern China, where most ACE2-using viruses have been found to date, as well as other regions such as Africa, where these viruses have only recently been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.L Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - G Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - B Ssebide
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., Davis, California, USA
| | - J Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., Davis, California, USA
| | - D.K Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - I Navarrete-Macias
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Liang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cranfield
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - B.A Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - M.W Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Diuk-Wasser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - C.K Johnson
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - J Mazet
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - K Chandran
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., Davis, California, USA
| | - V.J Munster
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - K Gilardi
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - S.J Anthony
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
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Liang E, Morris E, Vono J, Bazan L, Lu M, Modh A, Glide-Hurst C. Coupling Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and MR-guided Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Goldstein T, Anthony S, Gbakima A, Bird B, Bangura J, Tremeau-Bravard A, Belaganahalli M, Wells H, Dhanota J, Liang E, Grodus M, Jangra R, Dejesus V, Lasso G, Smith B, Jambai A, Kamara B, Kamara S, Bangura W, Monagin C, Shapira S, Johnson CK, Saylors K, Rubin E, Chandran K, Lipkin W, Mazet J. The discovery of a new Ebolavirus, Bombali virus, adds further support for bats as hosts of Ebolaviruses. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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25
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Br A, Dovih P, Ramakrishnan U, Liang E, Mendenhall I, Hong DW, Smith G. Evidence of filovirus and henipavirus in bats and bat harvesters, India. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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26
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Schaenman J, Rossetti M, Sidwell T, Groysberg V, Sunga G, Liang E, Vangala S, Chang E, Bakir M, Bondar G, Cadeiras M, Kwon M, Reed E, Deng M. Frequency of Monocyte Subtypes and TLR4 Expression Correlate with Clinical Outcomes After Mechanical Circulatory Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
Objective 1) To study the current use of abdominal X-rays (AXR) in our emergency department (ED). 2) To evaluate the clinical predictors for positive AXR findings. Methods During the 40 days study period, all patients who had taken abdominal X-rays were included. The attending doctor filled in a questionnaire on demographic data, clinical features and outcome. The three radiologists who participated in this study reported the films and consultant emergency physicians then commented on the appropriateness of the request. The clinical features, which were predictive of positive radiological findings, were sorted out using univariate analysis. Results 64 patients were included in the 40 days study period. The rate for AXR request was 3.4 per 1000 patients. The most common presenting complaints were abdominal pain (85.9%) and constipation (45.3%). The most frequent clinical findings were abdominal distension (35.9%) and hyperactive bowel sound (31.3%). Only two of the clinical features, including vomiting and rebound tenderness, were found to have significant correlation with positive X-ray findings. Most of the AXR requests and interpretations by ED doctors were considered to be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tw Wong
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Accident & Emergency Department, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | | | - E Liang
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | - Yk Fu
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | - J Khoo
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
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28
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Gao J, Liang E, Ma R, Li F, Liu Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Li C, Dai H, Wu J, Su X, He W, Ruan K. Fluorine Pseudocontact Shifts Used for Characterizing the Protein-Ligand Interaction Mode in the Limit of NMR Intermediate Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - E Liang
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Fudong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Xuncheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collatorative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
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Gao J, Liang E, Ma R, Li F, Liu Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Li C, Dai H, Wu J, Su X, He W, Ruan K. Fluorine Pseudocontact Shifts Used for Characterizing the Protein-Ligand Interaction Mode in the Limit of NMR Intermediate Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12982-12986. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - E Liang
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Fudong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Xuncheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collatorative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
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Reich K, Blauvelt A, Armstrong A, Langley RG, Fox T, Huang J, Papavassilis C, Liang E, Lloyd P, Bruin G. Secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, exhibits minimal immunogenicity in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:752-758. [PMID: 27518376 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A plays a pivotal role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that selectively targets IL-17A, has been demonstrated to be highly efficacious for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis, starting at early time points, with a sustained effect and a favourable safety profile. mAb therapies may be associated with production of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) that can affect drug pharmacokinetics, diminish response or cause hypersensitivity reactions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunogenicity of secukinumab across six phase III clinical trials in which patients with plaque psoriasis were treated with secukinumab for up to 52 weeks and additionally followed up at week 60. METHODS Immunogenicity in patients with plaque psoriasis exposed to secukinumab was evaluated at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 52 and 60. Treatment-emergent (TE)-ADAs were defined as a positive ADA signal detected in post-treatment samples from patients with a negative baseline signal. Confirmed positive samples were further analysed for their drug-neutralizing potential. RESULTS Among 2842 patients receiving secukinumab and evaluated for ADAs, 11 (0·4%) developed TE-ADAs. Associations between TE-ADAs and secukinumab dose, frequency or mode of administration were not observed. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in three of nine evaluable patients with TE-ADAs. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab immunogenicity was low, as shown by TE-ADA detection in only 11 of 2842 (0·4%) patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab. All but one of the patients with TE-ADAs were biologic naive. Neither TE-ADAs nor neutralizing antibodies were associated with loss of secukinumab efficacy or issues of clinical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Reich
- Dermatologikum Hamburg and SCIderm Research Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - A Armstrong
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - T Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Huang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
| | | | - E Liang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Lloyd
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Bruin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Liu B, Wang Y, Zhu H, Liang E, Camarero JJ. Topography and age mediate the growth responses of Smith fir to climate warming in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:1577-1587. [PMID: 26939794 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau holds some of the world's highest undisturbed natural treelines and timberlines. Such extreme environments constitute potentially valuable monitoring sites of the effects of climate warming on high-elevation forests. Here, we analyze a network of 21 Smith fir forests situated in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, using tree-ring width (TRW) and basal area increment (BAI) chronologies. Sampled sites encompassed a wide elevation gradient, from 3600 to 4400 m, including some treeline sites and diverse aspects and tree ages. In comparison with TRW series, BAI series better capture the long-term warming signal. Previous November and current April and summer temperatures are the dominant climatic factors controlling Smith fir radial growth. The mean inter-series correlations of TRW increased upwards, but the forest limit presented the highest potential to reconstruct past temperature variability. Moreover, the growth responses of young trees were less stable than those of trees older than 100 years. Climate warming is accelerating radial growth of Smith fir forest subjected to mesic conditions. Collectively, these findings confirm that the effects of site elevation and tree age should be considered when quantifying climate-growth relationships. The type of tree-ring data (BAI vs. TRW) is also relevant since BAI indices seem to be a better climatic proxy of low-frequency temperature signals than TRW indices. Therefore, site (e.g., elevation) and tree (e.g., age) features should be considered to properly evaluate the effects of climate warming on growth of high-elevation forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - H Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - E Liang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - J J Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
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32
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Liang E, Brown B, Rachinsky M. Clinical efficacy of uterine artery embolization using PVA form particles to treat symptomatic adenomyosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Rice S, Liang E, Geye H, Kimple R. Skin Cancers of the Head and Neck: A 21-Year Single-Institution Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Klein U, Liang E, Vogel B, Kolbinger F, Bruin G, Lloyd P. SAT0142 Immunogenicity of the Novel Anti-Il-17A Antibody, Secukinumab, with Intravenous and Subcutaneous Dosing Regimens in Healthy Subjects and Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anthony SJ, Ojeda-Flores R, Rico-Chávez O, Navarrete-Macias I, Zambrana-Torrelio CM, Rostal MK, Epstein JH, Tipps T, Liang E, Sanchez-Leon M, Sotomayor-Bonilla J, Aguirre AA, Ávila-Flores R, Medellín RA, Goldstein T, Suzán G, Daszak P, Lipkin WI. Coronaviruses in bats from Mexico. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1028-1038. [PMID: 23364191 PMCID: PMC3709589 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for a wide range of human pathogens including Nipah, Hendra, rabies, Ebola, Marburg and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV). The recent implication of a novel beta (β)-CoV as the cause of fatal respiratory disease in the Middle East emphasizes the importance of surveillance for CoVs that have potential to move from bats into the human population. In a screen of 606 bats from 42 different species in Campeche, Chiapas and Mexico City we identified 13 distinct CoVs. Nine were alpha (α)-CoVs; four were β-CoVs. Twelve were novel. Analyses of these viruses in the context of their hosts and ecological habitat indicated that host species is a strong selective driver in CoV evolution, even in allopatric populations separated by significant geographical distance; and that a single species/genus of bat can contain multiple CoVs. A β-CoV with 96.5 % amino acid identity to the β-CoV associated with human disease in the Middle East was found in a Nyctinomops laticaudatus bat, suggesting that efforts to identify the viral reservoir should include surveillance of the bat families Molossidae/Vespertilionidae, or the closely related Nycteridae/Emballonuridae. While it is important to investigate unknown viral diversity in bats, it is also important to remember that the majority of viruses they carry will not pose any clinical risk, and bats should not be stigmatized ubiquitously as significant threats to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Anthony
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | - R Ojeda-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - O Rico-Chávez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - I Navarrete-Macias
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | | | - M K Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - J H Epstein
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - T Tipps
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - E Liang
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | - M Sanchez-Leon
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | - J Sotomayor-Bonilla
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - A A Aguirre
- George Mason University, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - R Ávila-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - R A Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F. Mexico
| | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Ave, University of California Davis, California USA
| | - G Suzán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - P Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - W I Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
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Hogstrom K, McLaughlin D, Gibbons J, Shikhaliev P, Clarke T, Henderson A, Taylor D, Shagin P, Liang E. SU-D-BRCD-06: Measurement of Elekta Electron Energy Spectra Using a Small Magnetic Spectrometer. Med Phys 2012; 39:3614. [PMID: 28517408 DOI: 10.1118/1.4734672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate how a small magnetic spectrometer can measure the energy spectra of seven electron beams on an Elekta Infinity tuned to match beams on a previously commissioned machine. METHODS Energyspectra were determined from measurements of intensity profiles on 6″-long computed radiographic (CR) strips after deflecting a narrow incident beam using a small (28 lbs.), permanent magnetic spectrometer. CR plateexposures (<1cGy) required special beam reduction techniques and bremsstrahlung shielding. Curves of CR intensity (corrected for non- linearity and background) versus position were transformed into energy spectra using the transformation from position (x) on the CR plate to energy (E) based on the Lorentz force law. The effective magnetic field and its effective edge, parameters in the transformation, were obtained by fitting a plot of most probable incident energy (determined from practical range) to the peak position. RESULTS The calibration curve (E vs. x) fit gave 0.423 Tesla for the effective magnetic field. Most resulting energy spectra were characterized by a single, asymmetric peak with peak position and FWHM increasing monotonically with beam energy. Only the 9-MeV spectrum was atypical, possibly indicating suboptimal beam tuning. These results compared well with energy spectra independently determined by adjusting each spectrum until the EGSnrc Monte Carlo calculated percent depth-dose curve agreed well with the corresponding measured curve. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that this spectrometer and methodology could be useful for measuring energy spectra of clinical electron beams at isocenter. Future work will (1) remove the small effect of the detector response function (due to pinhole size and incident angular spread) from the energy spectra, (2) extract the energy spectra exiting the accelerator from current results, (3) use the spectrometer to compare energy spectra of matched beams among our clinical sites, and (4) modify the spectrometer to utilize radiochromic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hogstrom
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - D McLaughlin
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - J Gibbons
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - P Shikhaliev
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - T Clarke
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - A Henderson
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - D Taylor
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - P Shagin
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - E Liang
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
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Salloway S, Sperling R, Keren R, Porsteinsson AP, van Dyck CH, Tariot PN, Gilman S, Arnold D, Abushakra S, Hernandez C, Crans G, Liang E, Quinn G, Bairu M, Pastrak A, Cedarbaum JM. A phase 2 randomized trial of ELND005, scyllo-inositol, in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77:1253-62. [PMID: 21917766 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182309fa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2 study explored safety, efficacy, and biomarker effects of ELND005 (an oral amyloid anti-aggregation agent) in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS A total of 353 patients were randomized to ELND005 (250, 1,000, or 2,000 mg) or placebo twice daily for 78 weeks. Coprimary endpoints were the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale. The primary analysis compared 250 mg (n =84) to placebo (n =82) after an imbalance of infections and deaths led to early discontinuation of the 2 higher dose groups. RESULTS The 250 mg dose demonstrated acceptable safety. The primary efficacy analysis at 78 weeks revealed no significant differences between the treatment groups on the NTB or ADCS-ADL. Brain ventricular volume showed a small but significant increase in the overall 250 mg group (p =0.049). At the 250 mg dose, scyllo-inositol concentrations increased in CSF and brain and CSF Aβx-42 was decreased significantly compared to placebo (p =0.009). CONCLUSIONS Primary clinical efficacy outcomes were not significant. The safety and CSF biomarker results will guide selection of the optimal dose for future studies, which will target earlier stages of AD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Due to the small sample sizes, this Class II trial provides insufficient evidence to support or refute a benefit of ELND005.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salloway
- Neurology and the Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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Gong R, Ge Y, Chen S, Liang E, Esparza A, Sabo E, Yango A, Gohh R, Rifai A, Dworkin LD. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta: a novel marker and modulator of inflammatory injury in chronic renal allograft disease. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1852-63. [PMID: 18786229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One key cell-signaling event central to inflammation in kidney diseases, including chronic renal allograft dysfunction or disease (CRAD), is the activation of NF-kappaB, which controls transcription of numerous proinflammatory mediators. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta is an indispensable element of NF-kappaB activation, however, the exact role of GSK3beta in the pathogenesis of inflammatory kidney diseases like CRAD is uncertain and was examined. Immunohistochemistry staining of GSK3beta was weak in normal kidneys, but was markedly induced in inflamed allograft kidneys, with prominent cytoplasmic staining of tubular cells in areas of inflammation. Net GSK3beta activity is regulated by inhibitory phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue, and this occurred in CRAD. Thus, the magnitude of GSK3beta inactivation was inversely correlated with the degree of injury as assessed by Banff criteria. In vitro in cultured human tubular epithelial cells, GSK3beta overexpression augmented, while GSK3beta silencing diminished proinflammatory cellular responses to TNF-alpha stimulation, including NF-kappaB activation and expression of chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES. These inflammatory responses were obliterated by GSK3beta inhibitors. Collectively, GSK3beta plays an important role in mediating proinflammatory NF-kappaB activation and renal inflammation. Suppression of GSK3beta activity might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat CRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA.
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Ditmire T, Bless S, Dyer G, Edens A, Grigsby W, Hays G, Madison K, Maltsev A, Colvin J, Edwards M, Lee R, Patel P, Price D, Remington B, Sheppherd R, Wootton A, Zweiback J, Liang E, Kielty K. Overview of future directions in high energy-density and high-field science using ultra-intense lasers. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liang E, Kabcenell AK, Coleman JR, Robson J, Ruffles R, Yazdanian M. Permeability measurement of macromolecules and assessment of mucosal antigen sampling using in vitro converted M cells. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2001; 46:93-101. [PMID: 12481846 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(02)00163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION M cells are located in the epithelial layer covering the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and are responsible for delivery of macromolecules and microorganisms to the underlying lymphoid cells. It has been shown that the human colonic cell line Caco-2 can be converted to M cells in vitro following coculture with isolated lymphocytes from murine Peyer's patches. Studies were undertaken to evaluate and characterize the transepithelial transport of select macromolecules across these in vitro derived M cells. METHODS Caco-2 cells were converted to M cells as reported previously. The morphology of Caco-2 cells and M cells was compared by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The transport properties of macromolecules such as horseradish peroxidase, FITC-conjugated polystyrene beads, and radiolabeled dextrans were examined. The activation of murine antigen-specific T cells following transport of the antigen ovalbumin across the M-cell barrier was assessed by measuring cytokine production. RESULTS M cells were shown to be irregular in shape and have fewer and shorter microvilli compared to the Caco-2 cell progenitors. These cells were still able to form tight junctions and monolayers on polycarbonate membranes. Time-course studies demonstrated that the transport of polystyrene beads and large-molecular-weight dextrans at physiological temperature across M-cell-containing monolayers was size dependent and more rapid than across Caco-2 cell monolayers. The transport of dextrans was also shown to be temperature and concentration dependent. Befitting the role of the M cell in mucosal defense, protein antigen could be delivered by these cells in order to be processed and presented to antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. DISCUSSION The M-cell permeability model is a functional and practical system for evaluating the transport properties of macromolecules and assessing the potential for intestinal mucosal antigen sampling to elicit immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Pharmaceutics Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., PO Box 368, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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Edwards MJ, MacKinnon AJ, Zweiback J, Shigemori K, Ryutov D, Rubenchik AM, Keilty KA, Liang E, Remington BA, Ditmire T. Investigation of ultrafast laser-driven radiative blast waves. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:085004. [PMID: 11497951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the evolution of cylindrically symmetric blast waves produced by the deposition of femtosecond laser pulses in gas jets. In high- Z gases radiative effects become important. We observe the production of an ionization precursor ahead of the shock front and deceleration parameters below the adiabatic value of 1/2 (for a cylinder), an effect expected when the blast wave loses energy by radiative cooling. Despite significant radiative cooling, the blast waves do not appear to develop thin shell instabilities expected for strongly radiative waves. This is believed to be due to the stabilizing effect of a relatively thick blast wave shell resulting in part from electron thermal conduction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Liang E, Proudfoot J, Yazdanian M. Mechanisms of transport and structure-permeability relationship of sulfasalazine and its analogs in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Pharm Res 2000; 17:1168-74. [PMID: 11145220 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026450326712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanisms involved in transport of sulfasalazine in Caco-2 cells. METHODS Permeability coefficients of sulfasalazine and its analogs across Caco-2 cell monolayers were measured as a function of direction of transport, energy and concentration dependence, and in the presence of inhibitors of various cellular efflux pumps and transporters. RESULTS Permeability coefficients of sulfasalazine across Caco-2 cell monolayers were approximately 342-, 261-, and 176-fold higher from basolateral to apical direction (BL-->AP) than from apical to basolateral direction (AP-->BL) at 100, 200, and 500 microM, respectively. Carrier permeability coefficient, non-saturable membrane permeability coefficient, and Michaelis constant were estimated to be 1.4x10(-5) cm/s, 1.9x10(-8) cm/s, and 369 microM, respectively. The efflux of sulfasalazine was completely blocked at 4 degrees C and in the presence of an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Using cellular efflux inhibitors, the permeability of sulfasalazine was shown to depend on multidrug resistance-associated protein and anion sensitive transport mechanisms. Structure-permeability studies showed that the affinity of sulfasalazine for the cellular efflux pumps and transporters in Caco-2 cells depended strongly on the carboxylic acid functional group. CONCLUSIONS The permeability of sulfasalazine across Caco-2 cell monolayer is very low due to its strong interaction with multiple cellular efflux pumps and transporters. This may partially explain its low absorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Pharmaceutics Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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Liang E, Rosenblatt MN, Ajmani PS, Hughes JA. Biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactants (BPS) in liposome-mediated nucleic acid cellular uptake and distribution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000; 11:199-205. [PMID: 11042225 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactant (BPS)-liposomes on nucleic acid, i.e., oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA, cellular delivery was examined. Fluorescein-labeled nucleic acids complexed with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane cationic liposomes and BPS at a charge ratio (+/-) of 10 were incubated in CV-1 cells and analyzed by flow cytometry. The fluorescence intensity of oligonucleotides but not plasmid DNA complexed with BPS-liposomes was higher than those complexed with BPS-free liposomes at early time points. However, when cells were fixed to equalize the intracellular pH since fluorescein, a pH-sensitive fluorophore, has higher fluorescence intensity in alkaline pH than acidic, no difference in intensity was observed. This indicated the incorporation of BPS in liposomes did not increase oligonucleotide cellular uptake over control liposomes, but redistributed oligonucleotides into a more basic environment, e.g., cytoplasm. An explanation consistent with the presented data is the formation of small transient membrane defects within the endosomal membrane as presented previously [Liang, E., Hughes, J.A., 1998a. Membrane fusion and rupture in liposomes: effect of biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactants. J. Membr. Biol. 166, 37-49.]. The above findings suggested that BPS may be effective agents of disrupting one of the major barriers, endosomal membrane, to enhance nucleic acid cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100494, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Shigemori K, Ditmire T, Remington BA, Yanovsky V, Ryutov D, Estabrook KG, Edwards MJ, MacKinnon AJ, Rubenchik AM, Keilty KA, Liang E. Developing a Radiative Shock Experiment Relevant to Astrophysics. Astrophys J 2000; 533:L159-L162. [PMID: 10770714 DOI: 10.1086/312621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2000] [Accepted: 03/08/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the initial results of experiments being developed on the Falcon laser to simulate radiative astrophysical shocks. Cylindrically diverging blast waves were produced in low-density ( approximately 1018 cm-3), high-Z gas by laser-irradiating Xe gas jets containing atomic clusters. The blast-wave trajectory was measured by Michelson interferometry. The velocity for the blast wave is slightly less than the adiabatic Sedov-Taylor prediction, and an ionization precursor is observed ahead of the shock front. This suggests energy loss through radiative cooling and reduced compression due to preheat deposited ahead of the shock, both consistent with one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations.
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Abstract
An accelerated 3-7-day Caco-2 cell permeability model was examined and compared to the traditional 21-25-day model. Caco-2 cell permeability coefficients (P(Caco-2)) of 33 structurally diverse small molecular weight compounds from apical to basolateral (AP-->BL) direction in the accelerated model were approximately twice those in the traditional model. As observed with microscopy and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements, this difference was attributed to less confluent and differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers in the accelerated model. However, there were no significant differences in rank ordering of the compounds. The expression of P-glycoprotein in the accelerated model was shown to be significantly less than that in the traditional model. This resulted in lower permeability directional ratios defined as the ratio between permeability coefficients from BL-->AP and from AP-->BL for compounds that were cellular efflux pump substrates. The accelerated model may not be suitable for studying cellular efflux pumps such as P-glycoproteins. However, it is a feasible alternative to the traditional model for rank ordering of compounds in the process of drug discovery and development by significantly improving the turnover time and labor efficiency. This makes it an excellent Caco-2 cell permeability model for high throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Pharmaceutics Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA
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Abstract
A variety of techniques are currently available to enhance the cellular uptake and pharmacological effectiveness of antisense oligonucleotides in the in vitro setting. The choice of technique will depend on the context of investigation, the likelihood of cytotoxity due to the delivery agents, and the ease and convenience of the approach. The considerations for the delivery of antisense molecules in the in vivo setting are likely to be quite different from the cell culture situation emphasized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hughes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Liang E, Ajmani PS, Hughes JA. Oligonucleotide delivery: a cellular prospective. Pharmazie 1999; 54:559-66. [PMID: 10483609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of oligonucleotides (ONs) for gene therapy of certain diseases has been discussed since the late 1970s. ONs are single stranded chains of nucleic acids that can hybridize with target nucleic acid sequences to inhibit specific proteins, and therefore allow selective treatment of various diseases. The use of ONs is limited due to their instability in biological tissues and difficulty in delivery to the intracellular compartments of the cell. Chemical analog approaches have been used to address the instability issue and delivery systems have been developed to increase cellular uptake of ONs. It is generally thought that ONs with or without a delivery system are transported into cells by endocytosis, and then accumulate within endosomes where they are significantly inactivated. The rate and extent of movement of ON from endosomes appears to be important in determining ON effects. Consequently, developing accessory compounds or delivery methods that enhance endosome to cytoplasm transfer may be vital to ON therapy. This review focuses on investigating mechanisms of various delivery approaches at the cellular/intracellular level that have demonstrated utility in increasing ON activity or cellular accumulation. The future prospects of ON delivery are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, USA
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Abstract
Biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactants (BPS) are a unique family of easily metabolized compounds that demonstrate pH-dependent surface activity. These agents, in combination with other delivery systems, have demonstrated effects in enhancing transnucleic acid activity. The increased activity has been hypothesized to occur from a release of endosomal contents. Simply, the BPS delivery system containing nucleic acids enters the cell through an endocytotoic process. It encounters an acidic pH and becomes surface active leading to defects in the endosomal membrane. In the current study, an in vitro model membrane was used to better understand the liposome defect mechanisms that BPS elicit. Using this system, it is shown that BPS can induce both liposome fusion and rupture depending upon the pH and mole ratio of BPS to membrane lipids. Futhermore, liposome fusion induced by BPS was dependent on the total numbers of liposome particles while rupture was independent of interacting liposome particles. The generated data indicate that BPS agents act differently from other typical surface active agents and fuosgenic compounds. Instead of facilitating membrane fusion through the hexagonal II phase, BPS appeared to contribute and participate in the membrane fusion at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- P.O. Box 100494, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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