1
|
Fordjour E, Liu CL, Yang Y, Bai Z. Recent advances in lycopene and germacrene a biosynthesis and their role as antineoplastic drugs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:254. [PMID: 38916754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes and tetraterpenes are classes of plant-derived natural products with antineoplastic effects. While plant extraction of the sesquiterpene, germacrene A, and the tetraterpene, lycopene suffers supply chain deficits and poor yields, chemical synthesis has difficulties in separating stereoisomers. This review highlights cutting-edge developments in producing germacrene A and lycopene from microbial cell factories. We then summarize the antineoplastic properties of β-elemene (a thermal product from germacrene A), sesquiterpene lactones (metabolic products from germacrene A), and lycopene. We also elaborate on strategies to optimize microbial-based germacrene A and lycopene production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation, and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu , 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yalcin YS, Aydin BN, Sitther V. Impact of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles and Ampicillin on Adenosine Triphosphate and Lactate Metabolism in the Cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. Microorganisms 2024; 12:612. [PMID: 38543663 PMCID: PMC10975374 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, the interplay of ATP and lactate dynamics underpins cellular energetics; their pronounced shifts in response to zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles and ampicillin highlight the nuanced metabolic adaptations to environmental challenges. In this study, we investigated the impact of nZVIs and ampicillin on Fremyella diplosiphon cellular energetics as determined by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, intracellular and extracellular lactate levels, and their impact on cell morphology as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. While a significant increase in ATP concentration was observed in 0.8 mg/L ampicillin-treated cells compared to the untreated control, a significant decline was noted in cells treated with 3.2 mg/L nZVIs. ATP levels in the combination regimen of 0.8 mg/L ampicillin and 3.2 mg/L nZVIs were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) compared to the 3.2 mg/L nZVI treatment. Intracellular and extracellular lactate levels were significantly higher in 0.8 mg/L ampicillin, 3.2 mg/L nZVIs, and the combination regimen compared to the untreated control; however, extracellular lactate levels were the highest in cells treated with 3.2 mg/L nZVIs. Visualization of morphological changes indicated increased thylakoid membrane stacks and inter-thylakoidal distances in 3.2 mg/L nZVI-treated cells. Our findings demonstrate a complex interplay of nanoparticle and antibiotic-induced responses, highlighting the differential impact of these stressors on F. diplosiphon metabolism and cellular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viji Sitther
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kong W, Kong J, Feng S, Yang T, Xu L, Shen B, Bi Y, Lyu H. Cultivation of microalgae-bacteria consortium by waste gas-waste water to achieve CO 2 fixation, wastewater purification and bioproducts production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 38360745 PMCID: PMC10870688 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The cultivation of microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia provide a potential efficient strategy to fix CO2 from waste gas, treat wastewater and produce value-added products subsequently. This paper reviews recent developments in CO2 fixation and wastewater treatment by single microalgae, mixed microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia, as well as compares and summarizes the differences in utilizing different microorganisms from different aspects. Compared to monoculture of microalgae, a mixed microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortium may mitigate environmental risk, obtain high biomass, and improve the efficiency of nutrient removal. The applied microalgae include Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Pediastrum sp., and Phormidium sp. among others, and most strains belong to Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The bacteria in microalgae-bacteria consortia are mainly from activated sludge and specific sewage sources. Bioengineer in CBB cycle in microalgae cells provide effective strategy to achieve improvement of CO2 fixation or a high yield of high-value products. The mechanisms of CO2 fixation and nutrient removal by different microbial systems are also explored and concluded, the importance of microalgae in the technology is proven. After cultivation, microalgae biomass can be harvested through physical, chemical, biological and magnetic separation methods and used to produce high-value by-products, such as biofuel, feed, food, biochar, fertilizer, and pharmaceutical bio-compounds. Although this technology has brought many benefits, some challenging obstacles and limitation remain for industrialization and commercializing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - TianTian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu S, Tao XY, Dang Z, Wang Y, Guan Y, Wu Z, Liu G, Tian Y, Tian LJ. Near-Native Imaging of Label-Free Silver Nanoparticles-Triggered 3D Subcellular Ultrastructural Reorganization in Microalgae. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2030-2046. [PMID: 38198284 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial orientation of nanoparticles and the corresponding subcellular architecture events favors uncovering fundamental toxic mechanisms and predicting response pathways of organisms toward environmental stressors. Herein, we map the spatial location of label-free citrate-coated Ag nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs) and the corresponding subcellular reorganization in microalgae by a noninvasive 3D imaging approach, cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT). Cryo-SXT near-natively displays the 3D maps of Cit-AgNPs presenting in rarely identified sites, namely, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the cytoplasm. By comparative 3D morphological assay, we observe that Cit-AgNPs disrupt the cellular ultrastructural homeostasis, triggering a severe malformation of cytoplasmic organelles with energy-producing and stress-regulating functions. AgNPs exposure causes evident disruption of the chloroplast membrane, significant attenuation of the pyrenoid matrix and starch sheath, extreme swelling of starch granules and lipid droplets, and shrinkage of the nucleolus. In accompaniment, the number and volume occupancy of starch granules are significantly increased. Meanwhile, the spatial topology of starch granules extends from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm with a dispersed distribution. Linking the dynamics of the internal structure and the alteration of physiological properties, we derive a comprehensive cytotoxic and response pathway of microalgae exposed to AgNPs. This work provides a perspective for assessing the toxicity at subcellular scales to achieve label-free nanoparticle-caused ultrastructure remodeling of phytoplankton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xia-Yu Tao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng Dang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - YuTing Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - YangChao Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Jiao Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kadri MS, Singhania RR, Haldar D, Patel AK, Bhatia SK, Saratale G, Parameswaran B, Chang JS. Advances in Algomics technology: Application in wastewater treatment and biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129636. [PMID: 37544548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced sustainable bioremediation is gaining importance with rising global pollution. This review examines microalgae's potential for sustainable bioremediation and process enhancement using multi-omics approaches. Recently, microalgae-bacterial consortia have emerged for synergistic nutrient removal, allowing complex metabolite exchanges. Advanced bioremediation requires effective consortium design or pure culture based on the treatment stage and specific roles. The strain potential must be screened using modern omics approaches aligning wastewater composition. The review highlights crucial research gaps in microalgal bioremediation. It discusses multi-omics advantages for understanding microalgal fitness concerning wastewater composition and facilitating the design of microalgal consortia based on bioremediation skills. Metagenomics enables strain identification, thereby monitoring microbial dynamics during the treatment process. Transcriptomics and metabolomics encourage the algal cell response toward nutrients and pollutants in wastewater. Multi-omics role is also summarized for product enhancement to make algal treatment sustainable and fit for sustainable development goals and growing circular bioeconomy scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sibtain Kadri
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804201, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 805029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Binod Parameswaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Dong Y, Chen K, Perumal AB, Zhan Z, Gouda M, He Y. 13C-metabolic flux analysis of lipid accumulation in the green microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus under nitrogen deficiency stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129740. [PMID: 37717702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes (MF) serve as the functional phenotypes of biochemical processes and are crucial to describe the distribution of precursors within metabolic networks. There is a lack of experimental observations for carbon flux towards lipids, which is important for biodiesel generation. Here, the accumulation of lipid, and MF in Tetradesmus obliquus under nitrogen deficiency stress (NF) using a 13C isotope tracer at different time intervals was investigated. The 13C based MF showed enhanced de novo synthesis of G3P and PEP, indicating increased carbon flux from CO2 into lipid synthesis. An increase in palmitic acid (3500 μmol/mg), linoleic acid (2100 μmol/mg), and oleic acid (2000 μmol/mg) was observed. The accumulation of C16:0 under NF was mainly related to de novo synthesis while C18:3 was accumulated through a non de novo pathway. Under NF stress, T. obliquus had higher flux in PPP and glycolysis pathway, together, it might provide more NADPH and substrate acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulun Dong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Anand Babu Perumal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mostafa Gouda
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan M, Wang Y, Krömer JO, Zhu X, Lin MKTH, Angelidaki I. A Coculture of Photoautotrophs and Hydrolytic Heterotrophs Enables Efficient Upcycling of Starch from Wastewater toward Biomass-Derived Products: Synergistic Interactions Impacting Metabolism of the Consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15523-15532. [PMID: 37792456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Even with particular interest in sustainable development, due to the limited types of bioavailable carbon sources that could support heterotrophic/mixotrophic growth, microalgae-derived products still suffer from inconsistent yield and high costs. This study demonstrates a successful cocultivation of the photoautotroph Chlorella vulgaris with a hydrolytic-enzyme-abundant heterotroph, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, enabling efficient starch upcycling from water/wastewater toward enhancing microalgae-dominant biomass and lipid production. The enzymatic activities of S. fibuligera contributed to the hydrolysis of starch into glucose, generating a 7-fold higher biomass through mixotrophic/heterotrophic growth of C. vulgaris. Further, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and quantitative analysis suggested a significantly induced accumulation of lipids in C. vulgaris. Results of meta-transcriptomics revealed the critical regulatory role of illumination in interaction shifting. Gene expression for glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis of C. vulgaris were highly activated during dark periods. Meanwhile, during illumination periods, genes coding for glucoamylase and the sulfur-related activities in S. fibuligera were significantly upregulated, leading to induced starch hydrolysis and potential increased competition for sulfur utilization, respectively. This study indicates that hydrolytic organisms could collaborate to make starch bioavailable for nonhydrolytic microalgae, thus broadening the substrate spectrum and making starch a novel biotechnological feedstock for microalgae-derived products, e.g., biofuels or single-cell protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Pan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2899, Denmark
| | - Yiru Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Jens O Krömer
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2899, Denmark
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Marie Karen Tracy Hong Lin
- National Center for Nanofabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2899, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2899, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonzalez DI, Ynalvez RA. Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 37684579 PMCID: PMC10492388 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofuel research that aims to optimize growth conditions in microalgae is critically important. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalga that offers advantages for biofuel production research. This study compares the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen and sulfur- deprivations on the C. reinhardtii starchless mutant cc5373-sta6. Specifically, it compares growth, lipid body accumulation, and expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). RESULTS Among nutrient-deprived cells, TAP-S cells showed significantly higher total chlorophyll, cell density, and protein content at day 6 (p < 0.05). Confocal analysis showed a significantly higher number of lipid bodies in cells subjected to nutrient deprivation than in the control over the course of six days; N deprivation for six days significantly increased the size of lipid bodies (p < 0.01). In comparison with the control, significantly higher ACC expression was observed after 8 and 24 h of NS deprivation and only after 24 h with N deprivation. On the other hand, ACC and PEPC expression at 8 and 24 h of S deprivation was not significantly different from that in the control. A significantly lower PEPC expression was observed after 8 h of N and NS deprivation (p < 0.01), but a significantly higher PEPC expression was observed after 24 h (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, it would be optimum to cultivate cc5373-sta6 cells in nutrient deprived conditions (-N, -S or -NS) for four days; whereby there is cell growth, and both a high number of lipid bodies and a larger size of lipid bodies produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Ruby A Ynalvez
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Blvd, Laredo, TX, 78041, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Du H, Liang H, Hong T, Li T. Enhanced Carotenoid Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Overexpression of Endogenousand Exogenous Beta-Carotene Ketolase ( BKT) Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11382. [PMID: 37511141 PMCID: PMC10379168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga that can grow heterotrophically by using acetate as a carbon source. Carotenoids are natural pigments with biological activity and color, which have functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vision protection, etc., and have high commercial value and prospects. We transformed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the BKT genes from Phaffia rhodozyma (PrBKT) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrBKT) via plasmid vector, and screened out the stable transformed algal strains C18 and P1. Under the condition that the cell density of growth was not affected, the total carotenoid content of C18 and P1 was 2.13-fold and 2.20-fold higher than that of the WT, respectively. CrBKT increased the levels of β-carotene and astaxanthin by 1.84-fold and 1.21-fold, respectively, while PrBKT increased them by 1.11-fold and 1.27-fold, respectively. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of C18 and P1 showed that the overexpression of CrBKT only up-regulated the transcription level of BKT and LCYE (the gene of lycopene e-cyclase). However, in P1, overexpression of PrBKT also led to the up-regulation of ZDS (the gene of ζ-carotene desaturase) and CHYB (the gene of β-carotene hydroxylase). Metabolome results showed that the relative content of canthaxanthin, an intermediate metabolite of astaxanthin synthesis in C18 and P1, decreased. The overall results indicate that there is a structural difference between CrBKT and PrBKT, and overexpression of PrBKT in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii seems to cause more genes in carotenoid pathway metabolism to be up-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Honghao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Satoh K, Hoshino W, Hase Y, Kitamura S, Hayashi H, Furuta M, Oono Y. Lethal and mutagenic effects of different LET radiations on Bacillus subtilis spores. Mutat Res 2023; 827:111835. [PMID: 37562181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2023.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
New, useful microorganism resources have been generated by ionizing radiation breeding technology. However, the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation on microorganisms have not been systematically clarified. For a deeper understanding and characterization of ionizing radiation-induced mutations in microorganisms, we investigated the lethal effects of seven different linear energy transfer (LET) radiations based on the survival fraction (SF) and whole-genome sequencing analysis of the mutagenic effects of a dose resulting in an SF of around 1% in Bacillus subtilis spores. Consequently, the lower LET radiations (gamma [surface LET: 0.2 keV/µm] and 4He2+ [24 keV/µm]) showed low lethality and high mutation frequency (MF), resulting in the major induction of single-base substitutions. Whereas higher LET radiations (12C5+ [156 keV/µm] and 12C6+ [179 keV/µm]) showed high lethality and low MF, resulting in the preferential induction of deletion mutations. In addition, 12C6+ (111) ion beams likely possess characteristics of both low- and high-LET radiations simultaneously. A decrease in the relative biological effectiveness and an evaluation of the inactivation cross section indicated that 20Ne8+ (468 keV/µm) and 40Ar13+ (2214 keV/µm) ion beams had overkill effects. In conclusion, in the mutation breeding of microorganisms, it should be possible to regulate the proportions, types, and frequencies of induced mutations by selecting an ionizing radiation of an appropriate LET in accordance with the intended purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Wataru Hoshino
- Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadori, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hase
- Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitamura
- Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hayashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadori, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Masakazu Furuta
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oono
- Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sahoo S, Khuswaha GS, Misra N, Suar M. Exploiting AGPase genes and encoded proteins to prioritize development of optimum engineered strains in microalgae towards sustainable biofuel production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:209. [PMID: 37237168 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), with two large subunits (ls) and two small subunits (ss), is a promising knockout target for increasing the neutral lipid content, the details regarding the sequence-structure features and their distribution within metabolic system in microalgae is rather limited. Against this backdrop, a comprehensive genome-wide comparative analysis on 14 sequenced microalgal genomes was performed. For the first time the heterotetrameric structure of the enzyme and the interaction of the catalytic unit with the substrate was also studied. Novel findings of the present study includes: (i) at the DNA level, the genes controlling the ss are more conserved than those controlling the ls; the variation in both the gene groups is mainly due to exon number, exon length and exon phase distribution; (ii) at protein level, the ss genes are more conserved relative to those for ls; (III) three putative key consensus sequences 'LGGGAGTRLYPLTKNRAKPAV', 'WFQGTADAV' and 'ASMGIYVFRKD' were ubiquitously conserved in all the AGPases; (iv) molecular dynamics investigations revealed that the modeled AGPase heterotetrameric structure, from oleaginous algae Chlamydomonas reinharditii, was completely stable in real time environment; (v) The binding interfaces of catalytic unit, ssAGPase, from C. reinharditii with α-D-glucose 1-phosphate (αGP) was also analyzed. The results of the present study have provided system-based insights into the structure-function of the genes and encoded proteins, which provided clues for exploitation of variability in these genes that, could be further utilized to design site-specific mutagenic experiments for engineering of microalgal strains towards sustainable development of biofuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susrita Sahoo
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Gajraj Singh Khuswaha
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Namrata Misra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
- KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kato Y, Inabe K, Haraguchi Y, Shimizu T, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. L-Lactate treatment by photosynthetic cyanobacteria expressing heterogeneous L-lactate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7249. [PMID: 37142758 PMCID: PMC10160077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Lactate is a major waste compound in cultured animal cells. To develop a sustainable animal cell culture system, we aimed to study the consumption of L-lactate using a photosynthetic microorganism. As genes involved in L-lactate utilization were not found in most cyanobacteria and microalgae, we introduced the NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli (lldD) into Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The lldD-expressing strain consumed L-lactate added to basal medium. This consumption was accelerated by expression of a lactate permease gene from E. coli (lldP) and an increase in culture temperature. Intracellular levels of acetyl-CoA, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and malate, and extracellular levels of 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and malate, increased during L-lactate utilization, suggesting that the metabolic flux from L-lactate was distributed toward the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study provides a perspective on L-lactate treatment by photosynthetic microorganisms, which would increase the feasibility of animal cell culture industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsushima R, Hisano H, Galis I, Miura S, Crofts N, Takenaka Y, Oitome NF, Ishimizu T, Fujita N, Sato K. FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 mutations enhance the sugary phenotype caused by the loss of ISOAMYLASE1 in barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:94. [PMID: 37010621 PMCID: PMC10070237 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Barley double mutants in two genes involved in starch granule morphology, HvFLO6 and HvISA1, had impaired starch accumulation and higher grain sugar levels than either single mutant. Starch is a biologically and commercially important glucose polymer synthesized by plants as semicrystalline starch granules (SGs). Because SG morphology affects starch properties, mutants with altered SG morphology may be useful in breeding crops with desirable starch properties, including potentially novel properties. In this study, we employed a simple screen for mutants with altered SG morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We isolated mutants that formed compound SGs together with the normal simple SGs in the endosperm and found that they were allelic mutants of the starch biosynthesis genes ISOAMYLASE1 (HvISA1) and FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 (HvFLO6), encoding starch debranching enzyme and CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULE 48-containing protein, respectively. We generated the hvflo6 hvisa1 double mutant and showed that it had significantly reduced starch biosynthesis and developed shrunken grains. In contrast to starch, soluble α-glucan, phytoglycogen, and sugars accumulated to higher levels in the double mutant than in the single mutants. In addition, the double mutants showed defects in SG morphology in the endosperm and in the pollen. This novel genetic interaction suggests that hvflo6 acts as an enhancer of the sugary phenotype caused by hvisa1 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsushima
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hisano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Satoko Miura
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Naoko Crofts
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuto Takenaka
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Naoko F Oitome
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishimizu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tikoria R, Kaur A, Ohri P. Physiological, biochemical and structural changes in tomato plants by vermicompost application in different exposure periods under glass house conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107656. [PMID: 37001305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In modern era, various inorganic fertilizers and pesticides are used as plant growth supplements in a variety of crop in order to gain maximum output and also reported as hazardous to mankind as well as environment. In addition, some of the plants died in initial phase of the growth after germination due to poor nutrient content of the soil or exposure to biotic stresses. In the beginning of sustainable agriculture, these chemical fertilizers were replaced with some alternative growth boosters such as organic fertilizers. In the present study, vermicompost was prepared using garden waste and cattle dung followed by analysis of various physico-chemical properties. Then tomato seeds were allowed to germinate in soil and supplemented with different doses of vermicompost (0-100%). The plants were harvested after 10 and 45 days of their germination and tissues were subjected to analysis of various morphological and biochemical parameters. Morphological parameters included root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and number of leaves. Whereas biochemical parameters such as protein content, antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherol), osmolytes (proline, carbohydrate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid) and secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) were estimated on UV-visible spectrophotometer using standard protocols. Further, structural analysis of plant tissue was done using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR) and carbon hydrogen nitrogen (CHN) elemental analyzer. Results obtained from the present study revealed significant difference in all morphological and biochemical markers at both 10 and 45 days intervals of time. Further, growth of all plants was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of vermicompost and exposure duration. FTIR spectra and CHN analyses reveal the breakdown of various complex compounds and their transformation from Vcom amended soil to roots of plants. This is the first study in which significant changes were observed in growth, physiology and structural composition of tomato plants at two different exposure periods (10 and 45 days) under glass house conditions which further concluded that vermicompost has a significant potential for increasing plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan C, Xu P, Tao F. Carbon-negative synthetic biology: challenges and emerging trends of cyanobacterial technology. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1488-1502. [PMID: 36253158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Global warming and climate instability have spurred interest in using renewable carbon resources for the sustainable production of chemicals. Cyanobacteria are ideal cellular factories for carbon-negative production of chemicals owing to their great potentials for directly utilizing light and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources, respectively. However, several challenges in adapting cyanobacterial technology to industry, such as low productivity, poor tolerance, and product harvesting difficulty, remain. Synthetic biology may finally address these challenges. Here, we summarize recent advances in the production of value-added chemicals using cyanobacterial cell factories, particularly in carbon-negative synthetic biology and emerging trends in cyanobacterial applications. We also propose several perspectives on the future development of cyanobacterial technology for commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Z, Qiu S, Li M, Xu S, Ge S. Effect of free ammonia shock on Chlorella sp. in wastewater: Concentration-dependent activity response and enhanced settleability. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119305. [PMID: 36332297 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The unstable microbial activity and unsatisfactory settling performance impede the development and implementation of microalgal wastewater treatment, especially in high-ammonium wastewater in the presence of free ammonia (FA). The shock of FA due to the nutrient fluctuation in wastewater was demonstrated as the primary stress factor suppressing microalgal activities. Recent study has clearly revealed the inhibition mechanism of FA at a specific high level (110.97 mg/L) by inhibiting the genetic information processing, photosynthesis, and nutrient metabolism. However, the effects of various FA shock concentrations on microalgal activities and settling performance remain unknown, limiting the wastewater bioremediation efficiencies improvement and the process development. Herein, a concentration-dependent shock FA (that was employed on microalgae during their exponential growth stages) effect on microalgal growth and photosynthesis was observed. Results showed that the studied five FA shock concentrations ranging from 25 to 125 mg/L significantly inhibited biomass production by 14.7-57.0%, but sharp reductions in photosynthesis with the 36.0-49.0% decreased Fv/Fm values were only observed when FA concentration was above 75.0 mg/L. On the other hand, FA shock enhanced microalgal settling efficiency by 12.8-fold, which was believed to be due to the stimulated intra- and extracellular protein contents and thereby the enhanced extracellular polymer substances (EPS) secretion. Specifically, FA shock induced 40.2 ± 2.3% higher cellular protein content at the cost of the decreased carbohydrates (22.6 ± 1.3%) and fatty acid (39.0 ± 0.8%) contents, further improving the protein secretion by 1.21-fold and the EPS production by 40.2 ± 2.3%. These FA shock-induced variations in intra- and extracellular biomolecules were supported by the up-regulated protein processing and export at the assistance of excessive energy generated from fatty acid degradation and carbohydrates consumption. In addition, FA shock significantly decreased the biomass nutritional value as indicated by the 1.86-fold lower essential amino acid score and nearly 50% reduced essential to non-essential amino acids ratio, while slightly decreased the biodiesel quality. This study is expected to enrich the knowledge of microalgal activities and settling performance in response to fluctuant ammonium concentrations in wastewater and to promote the development of microalgal wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shiling Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Lan C, Li X, Hu Z, Jia B. A review on design-build-test-learn cycle to potentiate progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127981. [PMID: 36130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the generation of isoprenoid factories in microalgae relies on two strategies: 1) enhanced production of endogenous isoprenoids; or 2) production of heterologous terpenes by metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, low titers and productivity are still a feature of isoprenoid biotechnology and need to be addressed. In this context, the mechanisms underlying isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae and its relationship with central carbon metabolism are reviewed. Developments in microalgal biotechnology are discussed, and a new approach of integrated "design-build-test-learn" cycle is advocated to the trends, challenges and prospects involved in isoprenoid engineering. The emerging and promising strategies and tools are discussed for microalgal engineering in the future. This review encourages a systematic engineering perspective aimed at potentiating progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengxiang Lan
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oyama T, Kato Y, Hidese R, Matsuda M, Matsutani M, Watanabe S, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Development of a stable semi-continuous lipid production system of an oleaginous Chlamydomonas sp. mutant using multi-omics profiling. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 36114515 PMCID: PMC9482161 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Microalgal lipid production has attracted global attention in next-generation biofuel research. Nitrogen starvation, which drastically suppresses cell growth, is a common and strong trigger for lipid accumulation in microalgae. We previously developed a mutant Chlamydomonas sp. KAC1801, which can accumulate lipids irrespective of the presence or absence of nitrates. This study aimed to develop a feasible strategy for stable and continuous lipid production through semi-continuous culture of KAC1801. Results KAC1801 continuously accumulated > 20% lipid throughout the subculture (five generations) when inoculated with a dry cell weight of 0.8–0.9 g L−1 and cultured in a medium containing 18.7 mM nitrate, whereas the parent strain KOR1 accumulated only 9% lipid. Under these conditions, KAC1801 continuously produced biomass and consumed nitrates. Lipid productivity of 116.9 mg L−1 day−1 was achieved by semi-continuous cultivation of KAC1801, which was 2.3-fold higher than that of KOR1 (50.5 mg L−1 day−1). Metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed a depression in photosynthesis and activation of nitrogen assimilation in KAC1801, which are the typical phenotypes of microalgae under nitrogen starvation. Conclusions By optimizing nitrate supply and cell density, a one-step cultivation system for Chlamydomonas sp. KAC1801 under nitrate-replete conditions was successfully developed. KAC1801 achieved a lipid productivity comparable to previously reported levels under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In the culture system of this study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed a nitrogen starvation-like response in KAC1801. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02196-w.
Collapse
|
19
|
Prospects of cyanobacterial pigment production: biotechnological potential and optimization strategies. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Carnovale G, Lama C, Torres S, Rosa F, Mantecón L, Horn SJ, Skjånes K, Infante C. Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation of starch in Tetraselmis chui during nitrogen deprivation and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127222. [PMID: 35477101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetraselmis chui is known to accumulate starch when subjected to stress. This phenomenon is widely studied for the purpose of industrial production and process development. Yet, knowledge about the metabolic pathways involved is still immature. Hence, in this study, transcription of 27 starch-related genes was monitored under nitrogen deprivation and resupply in 25 L tubular photobioreactors. T. chui proved to be an efficient starch producer under nitrogen deprivation, accumulating starch up to 56% of relative biomass content. The prolonged absence of nitrogen led to an overall down-regulation of the tested genes, in most instances maintained even after nitrogen replenishment when starch was actively degraded. These gene expression patterns suggest post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play a key role in T. chui under nutrient stress. Finally, the high productivity combined with an efficient recovery after nitrogen restitution makes this species a suitable candidate for industrial production of high-starch biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Carnovale
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Carmen Lama
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Filipa Rosa
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Lalia Mantecón
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kari Skjånes
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Carlos Infante
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Joshi S, Mishra S. Recent advances in biofuel production through metabolic engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127037. [PMID: 35318143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rising global energy demands and climate crisis has created an unprecedented need for the bio-based circular economy to ensure sustainable development with the minimized carbon footprint. Along with conventional biofuels such as ethanol, microbes can be used to produce advanced biofuels which are equivalent to traditional fuels in their energy efficiencies and are compatible with already established infrastructure and hence can be directly blended in higher proportions without overhauling of the pre-existing setup. Metabolic engineering is at the frontiers to develop microbial chassis for biofuel bio-foundries to meet the industrial needs for clean energy. This review does a thorough inquiry of recent developments in metabolic engineering for increasing titers, rates, and yields (TRY) of biofuel production by engineered microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu Z, Qiu S, Abbew AW, Chen Z, Liu Y, Zuo J, Ge S. Evaluation of nitrogen source, concentration and feeding mode for co-production of fucoxanthin and fatty acids in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
23
|
Sreenikethanam A, Raj S, J RB, Gugulothu P, Bajhaiya AK. Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Secondary Metabolite Production: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Future Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836056. [PMID: 35402414 PMCID: PMC8984019 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are highly diverse photosynthetic organisms with higher growth rate and simple nutritional requirements. They are evolved with an efficiency to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, resulting in a variety of genetic diversity. Algae accounts for nearly half of global photosynthesis, which makes them a crucial player for CO2 sequestration. In addition, they have metabolic capacities to produce novel secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Studies have explored the inherent metabolic capacities of microalgae with altered growth conditions for the production of primary and secondary metabolites. However, the production of the targeted metabolites at higher rates is not guaranteed just with the inherent genetic potentials. The strain improvement using genetic engineering is possible hope to overcome the conventional methods of culture condition improvements for metabolite synthesis. Although the advanced gene editing tools are available, the gene manipulation of microalgae remains relatively unexplored. Among the performed gene manipulations studies, most of them focus on primary metabolites with limited focus on secondary metabolite production. The targeted genes can be overexpressed to enhance the production of the desired metabolite or redesigning them using the synthetic biology. A mutant (KOR1) rich in carotenoid and lipid content was developed in a recent study employing mutational breeding in microalgae (Kato, Commun. Biol, 2021, 4, 450). There are lot of challenges in genetic engineering associated with large algal diversity but the numerous applications of secondary metabolites make this field of research very vital for the biotech industries. This review, summarise all the genetic engineering studies and their significance with respect to secondary metabolite production from microalgae. Further, current genetic engineering strategies, their limitations and future strategies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Sreenikethanam
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thirvarur, India
| | - Subhisha Raj
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thirvarur, India
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thirvarur, India
| | | | - Amit K Bajhaiya
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thirvarur, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kato Y, Inabe K, Hidese R, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Metabolomics-based engineering for biofuel and bio-based chemical production in microalgae and cyanobacteria: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126196. [PMID: 34710610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an essential tool in modern synthetic biology based on the design-build-test-learn platform, is useful for obtaining a detailed understanding of cellular metabolic mechanisms through comprehensive analyses of the metabolite pool size and its dynamic changes. Metabolomics is critical to the design of a rational metabolic engineering strategy by determining the rate-limiting reaction and assimilated carbon distribution in a biosynthetic pathway of interest. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are promising photosynthetic producers of biofuels and bio-based chemicals, with high potential for developing a bioeconomic society through bio-based carbon neutral manufacturing. Metabolomics technologies optimized for photosynthetic organisms have been developed and utilized in various microalgal and cyanobacterial species. This review provides a concise overview of recent achievements in photosynthetic metabolomics, emphasizing the importance of microalgal and cyanobacterial cell factories that satisfy industrial requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|