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Li R, Liu Y, Wu J, Chen X, Lu Q, Xia K, Liu C, Sui X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Li R, Ba Y, Fang J, Huang W, Lu Z, Li Y, Liao X, Xiang AP, Huang Y. Adaptive Metabolic Responses Facilitate Blood-Brain Barrier Repair in Ischemic Stroke via BHB-Mediated Epigenetic Modification of ZO-1 Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400426. [PMID: 38666466 PMCID: PMC11220715 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive metabolic responses and innate metabolites hold promising therapeutic potential for stroke, while targeted interventions require a thorough understanding of underlying mechanisms. Adiposity is a noted modifiable metabolic risk factor for stroke, and recent research suggests that it benefits neurological rehabilitation. During the early phase of experimental stroke, the lipidomic results showed that fat depots underwent pronounced lipolysis and released fatty acids (FAs) that feed into consequent hepatic FA oxidation and ketogenesis. Systemic supplementation with the predominant ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is found to exert discernible effects on preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and facilitating neuroinflammation resolution. Meanwhile, blocking FAO-ketogenesis processes by administration of CPT1α antagonist or shRNA targeting HMGCS2 exacerbated endothelial damage and aggravated stroke severity, whereas BHB supplementation blunted these injuries. Mechanistically, it is unveiled that BHB infusion is taken up by monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1) specifically expressed in cerebral endothelium and upregulated the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 by enhancing local β-hydroxybutyrylation of H3K9 at the promoter of TJP1 gene. Conclusively, an adaptive metabolic mechanism is elucidated by which acute lipolysis stimulates FAO-ketogenesis processes to restore BBB integrity after stroke. Ketogenesis functions as an early metabolic responder to restrain stroke progression, providing novel prospectives for clinical translation.
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Lodewijckx I, Matthys C, Verheijen J, Verscuren R, Devoogdt N, Van der Schueren B, Goffin K, Fourneau I, Thomis S. Potential therapeutic effect of a ketogenic diet for the treatment of lymphoedema: Results of an exploratory study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38837503 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoedema is a chronic and progressive disease characterised by excessive accumulation of lymph in the interstitial compartment, leading to tissue swelling and fibroadipose deposition. Lymphangiogenesis is partly regulated by ketone body oxidation, and a ketogenic diet (KD) has shown therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical mouse tail lymphoedema model. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of a KD in patients with secondary lymphoedema. METHODS Nine patients with unilateral stage 2 lymphoedema secondary to lymphadenectomy were included in this quasi-experimental exploratory study consisting of a short run-in phase to gradually induce ketosis, followed by a classic KD (CKD) and modified Atkins diet (MAD) phase during which patients consumed a CKD and MAD, respectively. Lymphatic function and oedema volume, the primary outcomes, were assessed at baseline and at the end of both the CKD and MAD phase. Secondary outcomes included health-related and lymphedema-specific quality of life (QoL). RESULTS Seven out of nine patients completed the study protocol. Lymphatic function was improved upon consumption of both a CKD (dermal backflow score [mean ± SD]: 7.29 ± 2.98 vs. 10.86 ± 2.19 at baseline; p = 0.03) and MAD (6.71 ± 2.06; p = 0.02), whereas oedema volume did not decrease during the course of the study (excess limb volume [mean ± SD]: 20.13 ± 10.25% at end of CKD and 24.07 ± 17.77% at end of MAD vs. 20.79 ± 12.96% at baseline; p > 0.99 and p > 0.30, respectively). No changes were observed in health-related, nor lymphoedema-specific QoL at the end of CKD and MAD. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of a KD improved lymphatic function and was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in oedema volume in some patients (3/7 at end of CKD, 2/7 at end of MAD) with unilateral stage 2 secondary lymphoedema. These results highlight the potential of a KD to improve lymphatic function in patients with lymphoedema. However, further studies are required to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Lodewijckx
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Group for Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joke Verheijen
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Lymphedema, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Verscuren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Regionaal Ziekenhuis Heilig Hart Tienen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Nele Devoogdt
- Center for Lymphedema, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Research Group for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karolien Goffin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Fourneau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Group for Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Lymphedema, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Thomis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Group for Vascular Surgery, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Lymphedema, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Xu H, Yan S, Gerhard E, Xie D, Liu X, Zhang B, Shi D, Ameer GA, Yang J. Citric Acid: A Nexus Between Cellular Mechanisms and Biomaterial Innovations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402871. [PMID: 38801111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Citrate-based biodegradable polymers have emerged as a distinctive biomaterial platform with tremendous potential for diverse medical applications. By harnessing their versatile chemistry, these polymers exhibit a wide range of material and bioactive properties, enabling them to regulate cell metabolism and stem cell differentiation through energy metabolism, metabonegenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. Moreover, the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance of the biodegradable poly(octamethylene citrate) (POC)/hydroxyapatite-based orthopedic fixation devices represents a translational research milestone for biomaterial science. POC joins a short list of biodegradable synthetic polymers that have ever been authorized by the FDA for use in humans. The clinical success of POC has sparked enthusiasm and accelerated the development of next-generation citrate-based biomaterials. This review presents a comprehensive, forward-thinking discussion on the pivotal role of citrate chemistry and metabolism in various tissue regeneration and on the development of functional citrate-based metabotissugenic biomaterials for regenerative engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ethan Gerhard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
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Simeroth S, Yu P. The role of lymphatic endothelial cell metabolism in lymphangiogenesis and disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1392816. [PMID: 38798921 PMCID: PMC11119333 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1392816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line lymphatic vessels, which play an important role in the transport of lymph fluid throughout the human body. An organized lymphatic network develops via a process termed "lymphangiogenesis." During development, LECs respond to growth factor signaling to initiate the formation of a primary lymphatic vascular network. These LECs display a unique metabolic profile, preferring to undergo glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. In addition to their reliance on glycolysis, LECs utilize other metabolic pathways such as fatty acid β-oxidation, ketone body oxidation, mitochondrial respiration, and lipid droplet autophagy to support lymphangiogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of metabolic regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, it highlights how LEC metabolism is implicated in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Simeroth
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Pengchun Yu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu M, Xia Y. Metabolic reprogramming and interventions in angiogenesis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00178-4. [PMID: 38704087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we aim to discuss the metabolic regulation of angiogenesis by EC metabolites and metabolic enzymes, as well as prospect the possible therapeutic opportunities and strategies targeting EC metabolism. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this work, we discuss various aspects of EC metabolism considering normal and diseased vasculature. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of EC metabolism-targeted intervention (chiefly by metabolic enzymes or metabolites) could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of pathological angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zifang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Tavener SK, Jackson MI, Panickar KS. Immune-Modulating Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Foods in Healthy Canines. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102128. [PMID: 38590952 PMCID: PMC10999821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ketogenic foods limit digestible carbohydrates but contain high fat, and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as improving mitochondrial function. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), 1 of the ketone bodies, reduces the proinflammatory NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasomes, as well as chemokines in cultures. Objectives We assessed the immune-modulating effects of 2 low-carbohydrate (LoCHO) foods varying in protein and fat and compared their effects with a food replete with high-carbohydrate (HiCHO) in healthy canines. Methods Dogs were fed control food [HiCHO; ketogenic ratio (KR: 0.46) followed by LoCHO_PROT (KR: 0.97), then LoCHO_FAT (KR: 1.63) or LoCHO_FAT followed by LoCHO_PROT. Each food was fed for 5 wk, with collections in the 5th wk; 15 wk feeding total. Gene expression for circulating inflammatory cytokines from 10 dogs was assessed using the Canine RT2 Profiler polymerase chain reaction array, and fold changes were calculated using the ΔΔCt method. Results LoCHO_FAT significantly increased circulating β-hydroxybutyrate compared with both HiCHO and LoCHO_PROT. When compared with HiCHO, there was a significant decrease in several proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in LoCHO_PROT and LoCHO_FAT groups, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)1, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17, CCL24, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1, Interleukin-10 receptor alpha ((IL)-10RA), IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-5, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (all P < 0.05). Interestingly, a subset of inflammatory proteins that decreased in LoCHO_PROT but not in LoCHO_FAT included IL-33, IL-6 receptor, IL-7, IL-8, Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 11B. In contrast, the decrease in inflammatory markers in LoCHO_FAT, but not in LoCHO_PROT, included complement component 5, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or G-CSF, interferon-γ, IL-3, IL-10RB, IL-17C, Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF)13, TNFSF13B, and TNFSF14. Decreased concentrations of selected cytokines indicate that both low-carbohydrate foods exert an anti-inflammatory effect and provide a strong rationale for testing their efficacy in dogs with inflammatory conditions. Conclusions Both LoCHO_PROT and LoCHO_FAT foods might be important as part of immune-modulating therapeutic nutritional strategies to reduce inflammation to maintain health in canines. Our study identifies several inflammatory genes that are reduced when fed ketogenic food that were not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena K. Tavener
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Matthew I. Jackson
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Kiran S. Panickar
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
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7
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Soni S, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Ussher JR, Dyck JRB. The therapeutic potential of ketones in cardiometabolic disease: impact on heart and skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C551-C566. [PMID: 38193855 PMCID: PMC11192481 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00501.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) is the major ketone in the body, and it is recognized as a metabolic energy source and an important signaling molecule. While ketone oxidation is essential in the brain during prolonged fasting/starvation, other organs such as skeletal muscle and the heart also use ketones as metabolic substrates. Additionally, βOHB-mediated molecular signaling events occur in heart and skeletal muscle cells, and via metabolism and/or signaling, ketones may contribute to optimal skeletal muscle health and cardiac function. Of importance, when the use of ketones for ATP production and/or as signaling molecules becomes disturbed in the presence of underlying obesity, type 2 diabetes, and/or cardiovascular diseases, these changes may contribute to cardiometabolic disease. As a result of these disturbances in cardiometabolic disease, multiple approaches have been used to elevate circulating ketones with the goal of optimizing either ketone metabolism or ketone-mediated signaling. These approaches have produced significant improvements in heart and skeletal muscle during cardiometabolic disease with a wide range of benefits that include improved metabolism, weight loss, better glycemic control, improved cardiac and vascular function, as well as reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. Herein, we present the evidence that indicates that ketone therapy could be used as an approach to help treat cardiometabolic diseases by targeting cardiac and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Soni
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Robberechts R, Poffé C. Defining ketone supplementation: the evolving evidence for postexercise ketone supplementation to improve recovery and adaptation to exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C143-C160. [PMID: 37982172 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00485.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of ketone supplements to improve athletic performance. These ketone supplements transiently elevate the concentrations of the ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the circulation. Early studies showed that ketone bodies can improve energetic efficiency in striated muscle compared with glucose oxidation and induce a glycogen-sparing effect during exercise. As such, most research has focused on the potential of ketone supplementation to improve athletic performance via ingestion of ketones immediately before or during exercise. However, subsequent studies generally observed no performance improvement, and particularly not under conditions that are relevant for most athletes. However, more and more studies are reporting beneficial effects when ketones are ingested after exercise. As such, the real potential of ketone supplementation may rather be in their ability to enhance postexercise recovery and training adaptations. For instance, recent studies observed that postexercise ketone supplementation (PEKS) blunts the development of overtraining symptoms, and improves sleep, muscle anabolic signaling, circulating erythropoietin levels, and skeletal muscle angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art about the impact of PEKS on aspects of exercise recovery and training adaptation, which is not only relevant for athletes but also in multiple clinical conditions. In addition, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which PEKS may improve exercise recovery and training adaptation. This includes epigenetic effects, signaling via receptors, modulation of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, and oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Robberechts
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiel Poffé
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Montenegro-Navarro N, García-Báez C, García-Caballero M. Molecular and metabolic orchestration of the lymphatic vasculature in physiology and pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8389. [PMID: 38104163 PMCID: PMC10725466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis refers to the generation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. During development and particular adult states, lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) undergo reprogramming of their transcriptomic and signaling networks to support the high demands imposed by cell proliferation and migration. Although there has been substantial progress in identifying growth factors and signaling pathways controlling lymphangiogenesis in the last decades, insights into the role of metabolism in lymphatic cell functions are just emerging. Despite numerous similarities between the main metabolic pathways existing in LECs, blood ECs (BEC) and other cell types, accumulating evidence has revealed that LECs acquire a unique metabolic signature during lymphangiogenesis, and their metabolic engine is intertwined with molecular regulatory networks, resulting in a tightly regulated and interconnected process. Considering the implication of lymphatic dysfunction in cancer and lymphedema, alongside other pathologies, recent findings hold promising opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the status of knowledge in the molecular and metabolic network regulating the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Montenegro-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia García-Báez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.
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Nelson AB, Queathem ED, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Metabolic Messengers: ketone bodies. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2062-2074. [PMID: 38092961 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Prospective molecular targets and therapeutic applications for ketone body metabolism have increased exponentially in the past decade. Initially considered to be restricted in scope as liver-derived alternative fuel sources during periods of carbohydrate restriction or as toxic mediators during diabetic ketotic states, ketogenesis and ketone bodies modulate cellular homeostasis in multiple physiological states through a diversity of mechanisms. Selective signalling functions also complement the metabolic fates of the ketone bodies acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate. Here we discuss recent discoveries revealing the pleiotropic roles of ketone bodies, their endogenous sourcing, signalling mechanisms and impact on target organs, and considerations for when they are either stimulated for endogenous production by diets or pharmacological agents or administered as exogenous wellness-promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa B Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric D Queathem
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Truong ACK, Becker LM, Dekoning N, Bouché A, Veys K, Hosseinkhani B, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Carmeliet P. Detailed protocol for a corneal thermal cauterization-based (lymph-)angiogenesis assay in mice. MethodsX 2023; 11:102446. [PMID: 37928105 PMCID: PMC10622693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new blood or lymphatic vessels, respectively, from preexisting vasculature is essential during embryonic development, but also occurs during tissue repair and in pathological conditions (cancer; ocular disease; ischemic, infectious and inflammatory disorders), which are all characterized to a certain extent by inflammatory conditions. Hence, a rapid, inexpensive, feasible / technically easy, reliable assay of inflammation-induced (lymph-)angiogenesis is highly valuable. In this context, the corneal thermal cauterization assay in mice is a simple, low-cost, reproducible, insightful and labor-saving assay to gauge the role of inflammation in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no standardized protocol to perform this assay. Here, we provide a step-by-step description of the model's procedures, which include:•The thermal cauterization of the corneas,•Enucleation and dissection of the corneas,•Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the neovasculature, and morphometric analysis. We also discuss ethical considerations and aspects related to animal welfare guidelines. Altogether, this paper will help to increase the reproducibility of the corneal thermal cauterization model and facilitate its use for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Co K. Truong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa M. Becker
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nora Dekoning
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Bouché
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Veys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Renaud D, Scholl-Bürgi S, Karall D, Michel M. Comparative Metabolomics in Single Ventricle Patients after Fontan Palliation: A Strong Case for a Targeted Metabolic Therapy. Metabolites 2023; 13:932. [PMID: 37623876 PMCID: PMC10456471 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on single ventricle (SV) circulation take a physiological or anatomical approach. Although there is a tight coupling between cardiac contractility and metabolism, the metabolic perspective on this patient population is very recent. Early findings point to major metabolic disturbances, with both impaired glucose and fatty acid oxidation in the cardiomyocytes. Additionally, Fontan patients have systemic metabolic derangements such as abnormal glucose metabolism and hypocholesterolemia. Our literature review compares the metabolism of patients with a SV circulation after Fontan palliation with that of patients with a healthy biventricular (BV) heart, or different subtypes of a failing BV heart, by Pubmed review of the literature on cardiac metabolism, Fontan failure, heart failure (HF), ketosis, metabolism published in English from 1939 to 2023. Early evidence demonstrates that SV circulation is not only a hemodynamic burden requiring staged palliation, but also a metabolic issue with alterations similar to what is known for HF in a BV circulation. Alterations of fatty acid and glucose oxidation were found, resulting in metabolic instability and impaired energy production. As reported for patients with BV HF, stimulating ketone oxidation may be an effective treatment strategy for HF in these patients. Few but promising clinical trials have been conducted thus far to evaluate therapeutic ketosis with HF using a variety of instruments, including ketogenic diet, ketone esters, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. An initial trial on a small cohort demonstrated favorable outcomes for Fontan patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Therapeutic ketosis is worth considering in the treatment of Fontan patients, as ketones positively affect not only the myocardial energy metabolism, but also the global Fontan physiopathology. Induced ketosis seems promising as a concerted therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renaud
- Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Fundacja Recover, 05-124 Skrzeszew, Poland
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics I—Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Karall
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics I—Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Michel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics III—Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Poffé C, Robberechts R, Van Thienen R, Hespel P. Exogenous ketosis elevates circulating erythropoietin and stimulates muscular angiogenesis during endurance training overload. J Physiol 2023; 601:2345-2358. [PMID: 37062892 DOI: 10.1113/jp284346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo capillarization is a primary muscular adaptation to endurance exercise training and is crucial to improving performance. Excess training load, however, impedes such beneficial adaptations, yet we recently demonstrated that such downregulation may be counteracted by ketone ester ingestion (KE) post-exercise. Therefore, we investigated whether KE could increase pro-angiogenic factors and thereby stimulate muscular angiogenesis during a 3-week endurance training-overload period involving 10 training sessions/week in healthy, male volunteers. Subjects received either 25 g of a ketone ester (KE, n = 9) or a control drink (CON, n = 9) immediately after each training session and before sleep. In KE, but not in CON, the training intervention increased the number of capillary contacts and the capillary-to-fibre perimeter exchange index by 44% and 42%, respectively. Furthermore, KE also substantially increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression both at the protein and at the mRNA level. Serum erythropoietin concentration was concomitantly increased by 26%. Conversely, in CON the training intervention increased only the protein content of eNOS. These data indicate that intermittent exogenous ketosis during endurance overload training stimulates muscular angiogenesis. This likely resulted from a direct stimulation of muscle angiogenesis, which may be at least partly due to stimulation of erythropoietin secretion and elevated VEGF activity, and/or an inhibition of the suppressive effect of overload training on the normal angiogenic response to training. This study provides novel evidence to support the potential of exogenous ketosis to benefit endurance training-induced muscular adaptation. KEY POINTS: Increased capillarization is a primary muscular adaptation to endurance exercise training. However, excess training load may impede such response. We previously observed that intermittent exogenous ketosis by post-exercise and pre-sleep ketone ester ingestion (KE) counteracted physiological dysregulations induced by endurance overload training. Therefore, we investigated whether KE could increase pro-angiogenic factors thereby stimulating muscular angiogenesis during a 3-week endurance training overload period. We show that the overload training period in the presence, but not in the absence, of KE markedly increased muscle capillarization (+40%). This increase was accompanied by higher circulating erythropoietin concentration and stimulation of the pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our data indicate that intermittent exogenous ketosis may evolve as a potent nutritional strategy to facilitate recovery from strenuous endurance exercise, thereby stimulating beneficial muscular adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Poffé
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Robberechts
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Abstract
Kidney disease is associated with adverse consequences in many organs beyond the kidney, including the heart, lungs, brain, and intestines. The kidney-intestinal cross talk involves intestinal epithelial damage, dysbiosis, and generation of uremic toxins. Recent studies reveal that kidney injury expands the intestinal lymphatics, increases lymphatic flow, and alters the composition of mesenteric lymph. The intestinal lymphatics, like blood vessels, are a route for transporting potentially harmful substances generated by the intestines. The lymphatic architecture and actions are uniquely suited to take up and transport large macromolecules, functions that differentiate them from blood vessels, allowing them to play a distinct role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we focus on the mechanisms by which kidney diseases result in deleterious changes in intestinal lymphatics and consider a novel paradigm of a vicious cycle of detrimental organ cross talk. This concept involves kidney injury-induced modulation of intestinal lymphatics that promotes production and distribution of harmful factors, which in turn contributes to disease progression in distant organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.K.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine (A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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15
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Shimizu Y, Che Y, Murohara T. Therapeutic Lymphangiogenesis Is a Promising Strategy for Secondary Lymphedema. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7774. [PMID: 37175479 PMCID: PMC10178056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema is caused by lymphatic insufficiency (lymphatic drainage failure) following lymph node dissection during the surgical treatment or radiation therapy of breast or pelvic cancer. The clinical problems associated with lymphedema are reduced quality of life in terms of appearance and function, as well as the development of skin ulcers, recurrent pain, and infection. Currently, countermeasures against lymphedema are mainly physical therapy such as lymphatic massage, elastic stockings, and skin care, and there is no effective and fundamental treatment with a highly recommended grade. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a fundamental novel treatment for intractable lymphedema. Therapeutic lymphangiogenesis, which has been attracting attention in recent years, is a treatment concept that reconstructs the fragmented lymphatic network to recover lymphatic vessel function and is revolutionary to be a fundamental cure. This review focuses on the translational research of therapeutic lymphangiogenesis for lymphedema and outlines the current status and prospects in the development of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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16
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Xie S, Jiang C, Wu M, Ye Y, Wu B, Sun X, Lv X, Chen R, Yu W, Sun Q, Wu Y, Que R, Li H, Yang L, Liu W, Zuo J, Jensen LD, Huang G, Cao Y, Yang Y. Dietary ketone body-escalated histone acetylation in megakaryocytes alleviates chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn9061. [PMID: 36449600 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a severe complication in patients with cancer that can lead to impaired therapeutic outcome and survival. Clinically, therapeutic options for CIT are limited by severe adverse effects and high economic burdens. Here, we demonstrate that ketogenic diets alleviate CIT in both animals and humans without causing thrombocytosis. Mechanistically, ketogenic diet-induced circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) increased histone H3 acetylation in bone marrow megakaryocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed a distinct role of 3-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH)-mediated ketone body metabolism in promoting histone acetylation, which promoted the transcription of platelet biogenesis genes and induced thrombocytopoiesis. Genetic depletion of the megakaryocyte-specific ketone body transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) or pharmacological targeting of MCT1 blocked β-OHB-induced thrombocytopoiesis in mice. A ketogenesis-promoting diet alleviated CIT in mouse models. Moreover, a ketogenic diet modestly increased platelet counts without causing thrombocytosis in healthy volunteers, and a ketogenic lifestyle inversely correlated with CIT in patients with cancer. Together, we provide mechanistic insights into a ketone body-MCT1-BDH-histone acetylation-platelet biogenesis axis in megakaryocytes and propose a nontoxic, low-cost dietary intervention for combating CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ruibo Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Rongliang Que
- Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji Zuo
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Health, Medical and Caring Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Guichun Huang
- Medical Oncology Department of Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 200002, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Torres-Vargas JA, Cheng-Sánchez I, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Sarabia F, García-Caballero M, Quesada AR. Characterization of the activity and the mechanism of action of a new toluquinol derivative with improved potential as an antiangiogenic drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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18
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Costa TJ, Linder BA, Hester S, Fontes M, Pernomian L, Wenceslau CF, Robinson AT, McCarthy CG. The janus face of ketone bodies in hypertension. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2111-2119. [PMID: 35969209 PMCID: PMC9733433 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most important risk factor for the development of terminal cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. Lifestyle interventions to lower blood pressure are generally desirable prior to initiating pharmaceutical drug treatments, which may have undesirable side effects. Ketogenic interventions are popular but the scientific literature supporting their efficacy is specific to certain interventions and outcomes in animal models and patient populations. For example, although caloric restriction has its own inherent difficulties (e.g. it requires high levels of motivation and adherence is difficult), it has unequivocally been associated with lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. On the other hand, the antihypertensive efficacy of ketogenic diets is inconclusive, and this is surprising, given that these diets have been largely helpful in mitigating metabolic syndrome and promoting longevity. It is possible that side effects associated with ketogenic diets (e.g. dyslipidemia) aggravate the hypertensive phenotype. However, given the recent data from our group, and others, reporting that the most abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, can have positive effects on endothelial and vascular health, there is hope that ketone bodies can be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy to combat hypertension. Therefore, we conclude this review with a summary of the type and efficacy of ketone supplements. We propose that ketone supplements warrant investigation as low-dose antihypertensive therapy that decreases total peripheral resistance with minimal adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J. Costa
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Seth Hester
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Milene Fontes
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Laena Pernomian
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Camilla F. Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Cameron G. McCarthy
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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19
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumor Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911052. [PMID: 36232355 PMCID: PMC9570383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic crosstalk between the different components of the tumor microenvironment is critical to determine cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, tumor immunity, and therapeutic responses. Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth, and abnormal blood vessels contribute to hypoxia and acidosis in the tumor microenvironment. In this hostile environment, cancer and stromal cells have the ability to alter their metabolism in order to support the high energetic demands and favor rapid tumor proliferation. Recent advances have shown that tumor endothelial cell metabolism is reprogrammed, and that targeting endothelial metabolic pathways impacts developmental and pathological vessel sprouting. Therefore, the use of metabolic antiangiogenic therapies to normalize the blood vasculature, in combination with immunotherapies, offers a clinical niche to treat cancer.
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20
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Shalamu A, Dong Z, Liu B, Pan L, Cai Y, Liu L, Ma X, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. Effects of the ketogenic diet in mice with hind limb ischemia. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36038886 PMCID: PMC9422126 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ketogenic diet (KD) has anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects in addition to its anti-epileptic role. It could also improve cardiac function and attenuate neurological insult. However, the effect of KD on blood perfusion or tissue recovery after ischemia remains largely unknown. Thus, we observed blood flow and ischemic tissue recovery following hind limb ischemia (HLI) in mice. Methods C57 mice were fed with either a KD or normal diet (ND) for 2 weeks, before inducing hind limb ischemia, blood perfusion of ischemic limb tissue was observed at 0, 7, and 21 days post operation. Results KD not only decreased blood perfusion of ischemic limb tissue but also delayed muscle recovery after ischemia, induced muscle atrophy of non-ischemic tissue compared to mice fed with ND. Furthermore, KD delayed wound healing at the surgical site and aggravated inflammation of the ischemic tissue. At the cellular level, KD altered the metabolic status of limb tissue by decreasing glucose and ketone body utilization while increasing fatty acid oxidation. Following ischemia, glycolysis, ketolysis, and fatty acid utilization in limb tissue were all further reduced by KD, while ketogenesis was mildly increased post KD in this mice model.
Conclusion The KD may cause impaired tissue recovery after ischemia and possible muscle atrophy under a prolonged diet. Our results hint that patients with limb ischemia should avoid ketogenic diet. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00695-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilan Shalamu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiurui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Kim B, Arany Z. Endothelial Lipid Metabolism. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041162. [PMID: 35074792 PMCID: PMC9310950 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line all vessels of all vertebrates and are fundamental to organismal metabolism. ECs rely on their metabolism both to transport nutrients in and out of underlying parenchyma, and to support their own cellular activities, including angiogenesis. ECs primarily consume glucose, and much is known of how ECs transport and consume glucose and other carbohydrates. In contrast, how lipids are transported, and the role of lipids in normal EC function, has garnered less attention. We review here recent developments on the role of lipids in endothelial metabolism, with a focus on lipid uptake and transport in quiescent endothelium, and the use of lipid pathways during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boa Kim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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22
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Tissue Engineering Approaches to Uncover Therapeutic Targets for Endothelial Dysfunction in Pathological Microenvironments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137416. [PMID: 35806421 PMCID: PMC9266895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a central role in many pathologies, rendering it crucial to understand the underlying mechanism for potential therapeutics. Tissue engineering offers opportunities for in vitro studies of endothelial dysfunction in pathological mimicry environments. Here, we begin by analyzing hydrogel biomaterials as a platform for understanding the roles of the extracellular matrix and hypoxia in vascular formation. We next examine how three-dimensional bioprinting has been applied to recapitulate healthy and diseased tissue constructs in a highly controllable and patient-specific manner. Similarly, studies have utilized organs-on-a-chip technology to understand endothelial dysfunction's contribution to pathologies in tissue-specific cellular components under well-controlled physicochemical cues. Finally, we consider studies using the in vitro construction of multicellular blood vessels, termed tissue-engineered blood vessels, and the spontaneous assembly of microvascular networks in organoids to delineate pathological endothelial dysfunction.
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23
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Meçe O, Houbaert D, Sassano ML, Durré T, Maes H, Schaaf M, More S, Ganne M, García-Caballero M, Borri M, Verhoeven J, Agrawal M, Jacobs K, Bergers G, Blacher S, Ghesquière B, Dewerchin M, Swinnen JV, Vinckier S, Soengas MS, Carmeliet P, Noël A, Agostinis P. Lipid droplet degradation by autophagy connects mitochondria metabolism to Prox1-driven expression of lymphatic genes and lymphangiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2760. [PMID: 35589749 PMCID: PMC9120506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has vasculoprotective roles, but whether and how it regulates lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) homeostasis and lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that genetic deficiency of autophagy in LEC impairs responses to VEGF-C and injury-driven corneal lymphangiogenesis. Autophagy loss in LEC compromises the expression of main effectors of LEC identity, like VEGFR3, affects mitochondrial dynamics and causes an accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in vitro and in vivo. When lipophagy is impaired, mitochondrial ATP production, fatty acid oxidation, acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio and expression of lymphangiogenic PROX1 target genes are dwindled. Enforcing mitochondria fusion by silencing dynamin-related-protein 1 (DRP1) in autophagy-deficient LEC fails to restore LDs turnover and lymphatic gene expression, whereas supplementing the fatty acid precursor acetate rescues VEGFR3 levels and signaling, and lymphangiogenesis in LEC-Atg5-/- mice. Our findings reveal that lipophagy in LEC by supporting FAO, preserves a mitochondrial-PROX1 gene expression circuit that safeguards LEC responsiveness to lymphangiogenic mediators and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Meçe
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diede Houbaert
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria-Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Durré
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Maes
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Schaaf
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ganne
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mila Borri
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Verhoeven
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Jacobs
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - María S Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Kwak HJ, Lee SG, Park SC, Kim JH, Weisblat DA, Park C, Cho SJ. Head transcriptome profiling of glossiphoniid leech ( Helobdella austinensis) reveals clues about proboscis development. Open Biol 2022; 12:210298. [PMID: 35232253 PMCID: PMC8889196 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalization refers to the evolutionary trend towards the concentration of neural tissues, sensory organs, mouth and associated structures at the front end of bilaterian animals. Comprehensive studies on gene expression related to the anterior formation in invertebrate models are currently lacking. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptional profiling on a proboscis-bearing leech (Helobdella austinensis) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the anterior versus other parts of the body, in particular to find clues as to the development of the proboscis. Between the head and the body, 132 head-specific DEGs were identified, of which we chose 11 to investigate their developmental function during embryogenesis. Analysis of the spatial expression of these genes using in situ hybridization showed that they were characteristically expressed in the anterior region of the developing embryo, including the proboscis. Our results provide information on the genes related to head formation and insights into the function of proboscis-related genes during organogenesis with the potential roles of genes not yet characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sung-Gwon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Cheol Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyeuk Kim
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - David A. Weisblat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 385 Weill Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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25
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Weis EM, Puchalska P, Nelson AB, Taylor J, Moll I, Hasan SS, Dewenter M, Hagenmüller M, Fleming T, Poschet G, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Backs J, Crawford PA, Fischer A. Ketone body oxidation increases cardiac endothelial cell proliferation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14753. [PMID: 35179309 PMCID: PMC8988203 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel formation is dependent on metabolic adaption in endothelial cells. Glucose and fatty acids are essential substrates for ATP and biomass production; however, the metabolism of other substrates remains poorly understood. Ketone bodies are important nutrients for cardiomyocytes during starvation or consumption of carbohydrate‐restrictive diets. This raises the question whether cardiac endothelial cells would not only transport ketone bodies but also consume some of these to achieve their metabolic needs. Here, we report that cardiac endothelial cells are able to oxidize ketone bodies and that this enhances cell proliferation, migration, and vessel sprouting. Mechanistically, this requires succinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid‐CoA transferase, a key enzyme of ketone body oxidation. Targeted metabolite profiling revealed that carbon from ketone bodies got incorporated into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as well as other metabolites fueling biomass production. Elevation of ketone body levels by a high‐fat, low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diet transiently increased endothelial cell proliferation in mouse hearts. Notably, in a mouse model of heart hypertrophy, ketogenic diet prevented blood vessel rarefication. This suggests a potential beneficial role of dietary intervention in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Weis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alisa B Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacqueline Taylor
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sana S Hasan
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Hagenmüller
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Core Facility Omics IT and Data Management (ODCF), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during states of low carbohydrate availability. Efforts to enhance wellness and ameliorate disease via nutritional, chronobiological, and pharmacological interventions have markedly intensified interest in ketone body metabolism. The two ketone body redox partners, acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, serve distinct metabolic and signaling roles in biological systems. We discuss the pleiotropic roles played by both of these ketones in health and disease. While enthusiasm is warranted, prudent procession through therapeutic applications of ketogenic and ketone therapies is also advised, as a range of metabolic and signaling consequences continue to emerge. Organ-specific and cell-type-specific effects of ketone bodies are important to consider as prospective therapeutic and wellness applications increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; , .,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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27
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You HJ, You BC, Kim JK, Park JM, Song BS, Myung JK. Characterization of Proteins Regulated by Androgen and Protein Kinase a Signaling in VCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101404. [PMID: 34680521 PMCID: PMC8533394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) is involved in normal prostate development and prostate cancer progression. In addition to androgen binding, a variety of protein kinases, including cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), can activate the AR. Although hormone deprivation, especially that of androgen, continues to be an important strategy for treating prostate cancer patients, the disease ultimately progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), despite a continuous hormone-deprived environment. To date, it remains unclear which pathways in this progression are active and targetable. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of VCaP cells stimulated with androgen or forskolin to identify proteins specific for androgen-induced and androgen-bypassing signaling, respectively. Patterns of differentially expressed proteins were quantified, and eight proteins showing significant changes in expression were identified. Functional information, including a Gene Ontology analysis, revealed that most of these proteins are involved in metabolic processes and are associated with cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of selected proteins was validated, and functional correlations of identified proteins with signaling in VCaP cells were assessed by measuring metabolites related to each enzyme. These analyses offered new clues regarding effector molecules involved in prostate cancer development, insights that are supported by the demonstration of increased expression levels of the eight identified proteins in prostate cancer patients and assessments of the progression-free interval. Taken together, our findings show that aberrant levels of eight proteins reflect molecular changes that are significantly regulated by androgen and/or PKA signaling pathways, suggesting possible molecular mechanisms of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Byong-Chul You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jong-Kwang Kim
- Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Bo-Seul Song
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2746
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28
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Pasut A, Becker LM, Cuypers A, Carmeliet P. Endothelial cell plasticity at the single-cell level. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:311-326. [PMID: 34061284 PMCID: PMC8169404 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is characterized by a remarkable level of plasticity, which is the driving force not only of physiological repair/remodeling of adult tissues but also of pathological angiogenesis. The resulting heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs) makes targeting the endothelium challenging, no less because many EC phenotypes are yet to be identified and functionally inventorized. Efforts to map the vasculature at the single-cell level have been instrumental to capture the diversity of EC types and states at a remarkable depth in both normal and pathological states. Here, we discuss new EC subtypes and functions emerging from recent single-cell studies in health and disease. Interestingly, such studies revealed distinct metabolic gene signatures in different EC phenotypes, which deserve further consideration for therapy. We highlight how this metabolic targeting strategy could potentially be used to promote (for tissue repair) or block (in tumor) angiogenesis in a tissue or even vascular bed-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pasut
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Cuypers
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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29
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Declercq M, de Zeeuw P, Conchinha NV, Geldhof V, Ramalho AS, García-Caballero M, Brepoels K, Ensinck M, Carlon MS, Bird MJ, Vinckier S, Proesmans M, Vermeulen F, Dupont L, Ghesquière B, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P, Cassiman D, Treps L, Eelen G, Witters P. Transcriptomic analysis of CFTR-impaired endothelial cells reveals a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00261-2020. [PMID: 33184117 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00261-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening disorder characterised by decreased pulmonary mucociliary and pathogen clearance, and an exaggerated inflammatory response leading to progressive lung damage. CF is caused by bi-allelic pathogenic variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a chloride channel. CFTR is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and EC dysfunction has been reported in CF patients, but a role for this ion channel in ECs regarding CF disease progression is poorly described.We used an unbiased RNA sequencing approach in complementary models of CFTR silencing and blockade (by the CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172) in human ECs to characterise the changes upon CFTR impairment. Key findings were further validated in vitro and in vivo in CFTR-knockout mice and ex vivo in CF patient-derived ECs.Both models of CFTR impairment revealed that EC proliferation, migration and autophagy were downregulated. Remarkably though, defective CFTR function led to EC activation and a persisting pro-inflammatory state of the endothelium with increased leukocyte adhesion. Further validation in CFTR-knockout mice revealed enhanced leukocyte extravasation in lung and liver parenchyma associated with increased levels of EC activation markers. In addition, CF patient-derived ECs displayed increased EC activation markers and leukocyte adhesion, which was partially rescued by the CFTR modulators VX-770 and VX-809.Our integrated analysis thus suggests that ECs are no innocent bystanders in CF pathology, but rather may contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory phenotype, raising the question of whether normalisation of vascular inflammation might be a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the disease severity of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Declercq
- Dept of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadine V Conchinha
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabela S Ramalho
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Brepoels
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Ensinck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Dept of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne S Carlon
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Dept of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Dept of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - François Vermeulen
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Dept of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Dept of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Dept of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
| | - Peter Witters
- Dept of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dept of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
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30
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Ma W, Gil HJ, Liu X, Diebold LP, Morgan MA, Oxendine-Burns MJ, Gao P, Chandel NS, Oliver G. Mitochondrial respiration controls the Prox1-Vegfr3 feedback loop during lymphatic endothelial cell fate specification and maintenance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabe7359. [PMID: 33931446 PMCID: PMC8087398 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that mitochondrial respiration regulates blood endothelial cell proliferation; however, its role in differentiating lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is unknown. We hypothesized that mitochondria could work as a sensor of LECs' metabolic specific needs by determining their functional requirements according to their differentiation status and local tissue microenvironment. Accordingly, we conditionally deleted the QPC subunit of mitochondrial complex III in differentiating LECs of mouse embryos. Unexpectedly, mutant mice were devoid of a lymphatic vasculature by mid-gestation, a consequence of the specific down-regulation of main LEC fate regulators, particularly Vegfr3, leading to the loss of LEC fate. Mechanistically, this is a result of reduced H3K4me3 and H3K27ac in the genomic locus of key LEC fate controllers (e.g., Vegfr3 and Prox1). Our findings indicate that by sensing the LEC differentiation status and microenvironmental metabolic conditions, mitochondrial complex III regulates the critical Prox1-Vegfr3 feedback loop and, therefore, LEC fate specification and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Ma
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyea Jin Gil
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren P Diebold
- Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc A Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Oxendine-Burns
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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Kwan JYY, Famiyeh P, Su J, Xu W, Kwan BYM, Jones JM, Chang E, Yip KW, Liu FF. Development and Validation of a Risk Model for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2024373. [PMID: 33175175 PMCID: PMC7658732 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Approximately 1 in 5 patients with breast cancer who undergo axillary lymph node dissection will develop lymphedema. To appropriately triage and monitor these patients for timely diagnosis and treatment, robust risk models are required. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic value of mammographic breast density in estimating lymphedema severity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prognostic study collected data from July 16, 2018, to March 3, 2020, from the electronic health records of patients of the Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Participants included women who had completed curative treatment for a first diagnosis of breast cancer and who were referred to the program. Also included were a sample of patients in the general breast oncology population who were receiving follow-up care at the center during the same period but who were not referred to the program. All patients attended follow-up appointments at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre from January 1, 2016, to May 1, 2018. The cohort was randomly split 2:1 to group patients into a training cohort and a validation cohort. EXPOSURES Participant demographic and clinical characteristics included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), medical history, cancer characteristics, and cancer treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Spearman correlation coefficient between measured and predicted volume of lymphedema was calculated. Area under the curve (AUC) values were generated for predicting the occurrence of at least mild lymphedema (volume, >200 mL) and severe lymphedema (volume, >500 mL) at the time of initial lymphedema diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 373 female patients (median [interquartile range] age, 52.3 [45.9-60.1] years) were eligible for this analysis. Multivariate linear regression identified 3 patient factors (age, BMI, and mammographic breast density), 1 cancer factor (number of pathological lymph nodes), and 1 treatment factor (axillary lymph node dissection) as independent prognostic variables. In validation testing, Spearman correlation revealed a statistically significant moderate correlation (coefficient, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.56; P < .001) between measured volume and predicted volume of lymphedema. The AUC values were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60-0.83) for predicting the occurrence of mild lymphedema and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.93) for severe lymphedema. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This prognostic study found that patients with low breast density appeared to be at a higher risk of developing severe lymphedema. The finding suggests that by combining breast density with established risk factors a multivariate linear regression model could be used to predict the development of lymphedema and provide volumetric estimates of lymphedema severity in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yin Yee Kwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petra Famiyeh
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Biostatistics Division, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics Division, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Yin Ming Kwan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Jones
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Chang
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth W. Yip
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Stubbs BJ, Koutnik AP, Volek JS, Newman JC. From bedside to battlefield: intersection of ketone body mechanisms in geroscience with military resilience. GeroScience 2020; 43:1071-1081. [PMID: 33006708 PMCID: PMC8190215 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are endogenous metabolites that are linked to multiple mechanisms of aging and resilience. They are produced by the body when glucose availability is low, including during fasting and dietary carbohydrate restriction, but also can be consumed as exogenous ketone compounds. Along with supplying energy to peripheral tissues such as brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, they increasingly are understood to have drug-like protein binding activities that regulate inflammation, epigenetics, and other cellular processes. While these energy and signaling mechanisms of ketone bodies are currently being studied in a variety of aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may also be relevant to military service members undergoing stressors that mimic or accelerate aging pathways, particularly traumatic brain injury and muscle rehabilitation and recovery. Here we summarize the biology of ketone bodies relevant to resilience and rehabilitation, strategies for translational use of ketone bodies, and current clinical investigations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew P Koutnik
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,Division of Geriatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Blei F. Update October 2020. Lymphat Res Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.29092.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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The evolving metabolic landscape of chromatin biology and epigenetics. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:737-753. [PMID: 32908249 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular inputs to chromatin via cellular metabolism are modifiers of the epigenome. These inputs - which include both nutrient availability as a result of diet and growth factor signalling - are implicated in linking the environment to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cell identity. Recent studies have demonstrated that these inputs are much broader than had previously been known, encompassing metabolism from a wide variety of sources, including alcohol and microbiotal metabolism. These factors modify DNA and histones and exert specific effects on cell biology, systemic physiology and pathology. In this Review, we discuss the nature of these molecular networks, highlight their role in mediating cellular responses and explore their modifiability through dietary and pharmacological interventions.
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Dumas SJ, García-Caballero M, Carmeliet P. Metabolic Signatures of Distinct Endothelial Phenotypes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:580-595. [PMID: 32622584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for the development of the blood vasculature during embryogenesis, but also contributes to cancer and other diseases. While therapeutic targeting of endothelial cells (ECs) through growth factor inhibition is limited by insufficient efficacy and resistance, a new paradigm for modulating angiogenesis by targeting EC metabolism has emerged. Findings from the past decade highlight how ECs adapt their metabolism to proliferate or migrate during vessel sprouting, or to maintain the vascular barrier and protect themselves against oxidative stress in the high-oxygen environment they are exposed to in healthy conditions. We overview key endothelial metabolic pathways underlying the different EC phenotypes, as well as potential opportunities for targeting EC metabolism in therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, B 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, B 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, B 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, B 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, B 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, B 3000, Belgium.
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Abstract
All organisms growing beyond the oxygen diffusion limit critically depend on a functional vasculature for survival. Yet blood vessels are far more than passive, uniform conduits for oxygen and nutrient supply. A remarkable organotypic heterogeneity is brought about by tissue-specific differentiated endothelial cells (lining the blood vessels' lumen) and allows blood vessels to deal with organ-specific demands for homeostasis. On the flip side, when blood vessels go awry, they promote life-threatening diseases characterized by endothelial cells inappropriately adopting an angiogenic state (eg, tumor vascularization) or becoming dysfunctional (eg, diabetic microvasculopathies), calling respectively for antiangiogenic therapies and proangiogenic/vascular regenerative strategies. In solid tumors, despite initial enthusiasm, growth factor-based (mostly anti-VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]) antiangiogenic therapies do not sufficiently live up to the expectations in terms of efficiency and patient survival, in part, due to intrinsic and acquired therapy resistance. Tumors cunningly deploy alternative growth factors than the ones targeted by the antiangiogenic therapies to reinstigate angiogenesis or revert to other ways of securing blood flow, independently of the targeted growth factors. In trying to alleviate tissue ischemia and to repair dysfunctional or damaged endothelium, local in-tissue administration of (genes encoding) proangiogenic factors or endothelial (stem) cells harnessing regenerative potential have been explored. Notwithstanding evaluation in clinical trials, these approaches are often hampered by dosing issues and limited half-life or local retention of the administered agents. Here, without intending to provide an all-encompassing historical overview, we focus on some recent advances in understanding endothelial cell behavior in health and disease and identify novel molecular players and concepts that could eventually be considered for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- From the Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium (G.E., L.T., P.C.)
| | - Lucas Treps
- From the Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium (G.E., L.T., P.C.)
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China (X.L., P.C.)
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- From the Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium (G.E., L.T., P.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China (X.L., P.C.)
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Norden PR, Kume T. The Role of Lymphatic Vascular Function in Metabolic Disorders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:404. [PMID: 32477160 PMCID: PMC7232548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its roles in the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis and immunosurveillance, the lymphatic system has a critical role in regulating transport of dietary lipids to the blood circulation. Recent work within the past two decades has identified an important relationship between lymphatic dysfunction and patients with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, in part characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism and transport. Utilization of several genetic mouse models, as well as non-genetic models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, has demonstrated that abnormal lymphangiogenesis and poor collecting vessel function, characterized by impaired contractile ability and perturbed barrier integrity, underlie lymphatic dysfunction relating to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Despite the progress made by these models, the contribution of the lymphatic system to metabolic disorders remains understudied and new insights into molecular signaling mechanisms involved are continuously developing. Here, we review the current knowledge related to molecular mechanisms resulting in impaired lymphatic function within the context of obesity and diabetes. We discuss the role of inflammation, transcription factor signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling, and nitric oxide signaling contributing to impaired lymphangiogenesis and perturbed lymphatic endothelial cell barrier integrity, valve function, and contractile ability in collecting vessels as well as their viability as therapeutic targets to correct lymphatic dysfunction and improve metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R. Norden
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Rohlenova K, Goveia J, García-Caballero M, Subramanian A, Kalucka J, Treps L, Falkenberg KD, de Rooij LPMH, Zheng Y, Lin L, Sokol L, Teuwen LA, Geldhof V, Taverna F, Pircher A, Conradi LC, Khan S, Stegen S, Panovska D, De Smet F, Staal FJT, Mclaughlin RJ, Vinckier S, Van Bergen T, Ectors N, De Haes P, Wang J, Bolund L, Schoonjans L, Karakach TK, Yang H, Carmeliet G, Liu Y, Thienpont B, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Li X, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Maps Endothelial Metabolic Plasticity in Pathological Angiogenesis. Cell Metab 2020; 31:862-877.e14. [PMID: 32268117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is an emerging target for anti-angiogenic therapy in tumor angiogenesis and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), but little is known about individual EC metabolic transcriptomes. By single-cell RNA sequencing 28,337 murine choroidal ECs (CECs) and sprouting CNV-ECs, we constructed a taxonomy to characterize their heterogeneity. Comparison with murine lung tumor ECs (TECs) revealed congruent marker gene expression by distinct EC phenotypes across tissues and diseases, suggesting similar angiogenic mechanisms. Trajectory inference predicted that differentiation of venous to angiogenic ECs was accompanied by metabolic transcriptome plasticity. ECs displayed metabolic transcriptome heterogeneity during cell-cycle progression and in quiescence. Hypothesizing that conserved genes are important, we used an integrated analysis, based on congruent transcriptome analysis, CEC-tailored genome-scale metabolic modeling, and gene expression meta-analysis in cross-species datasets, followed by in vitro and in vivo validation, to identify SQLE and ALDH18A1 as previously unknown metabolic angiogenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Subramanian
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kim D Falkenberg
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura P M H de Rooij
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Liliana Sokol
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Federico Taverna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shawez Khan
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dena Panovska
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Rene J Mclaughlin
- Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Nadine Ectors
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Tobias K Karakach
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.
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Goveia J, Rohlenova K, Taverna F, Treps L, Conradi LC, Pircher A, Geldhof V, de Rooij LPMH, Kalucka J, Sokol L, García-Caballero M, Zheng Y, Qian J, Teuwen LA, Khan S, Boeckx B, Wauters E, Decaluwé H, De Leyn P, Vansteenkiste J, Weynand B, Sagaert X, Verbeken E, Wolthuis A, Topal B, Everaerts W, Bohnenberger H, Emmert A, Panovska D, De Smet F, Staal FJT, Mclaughlin RJ, Impens F, Lagani V, Vinckier S, Mazzone M, Schoonjans L, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Karakach TK, Yang H, Wang J, Bolund L, Lin L, Thienpont B, Li X, Lambrechts D, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. An Integrated Gene Expression Landscape Profiling Approach to Identify Lung Tumor Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Angiogenic Candidates. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:21-36.e13. [PMID: 31935371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of lung tumor endothelial cell (TEC) phenotypes across patients, species (human/mouse), and models (in vivo/in vitro) remains poorly inventoried at the single-cell level. We single-cell RNA (scRNA)-sequenced 56,771 endothelial cells from human/mouse (peri)-tumoral lung and cultured human lung TECs, and detected 17 known and 16 previously unrecognized phenotypes, including TECs putatively regulating immune surveillance. We resolved the canonical tip TECs into a known migratory tip and a putative basement-membrane remodeling breach phenotype. Tip TEC signatures correlated with patient survival, and tip/breach TECs were most sensitive to vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. Only tip TECs were congruent across species/models and shared conserved markers. Integrated analysis of the scRNA-sequenced data with orthogonal multi-omics and meta-analysis data across different human tumors, validated by functional analysis, identified collagen modification as a candidate angiogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Federico Taverna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura P M H de Rooij
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Liliana Sokol
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Qian
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shawez Khan
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Respiratory Oncology Unit (Respiratory Medicine) and Leuven Lung Cancer Group, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Herbert Decaluwé
- Respiratory Oncology Unit (Respiratory Medicine) and Leuven Lung Cancer Group, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul De Leyn
- Respiratory Oncology Unit (Respiratory Medicine) and Leuven Lung Cancer Group, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Respiratory Oncology Unit (Respiratory Medicine) and Leuven Lung Cancer Group, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Albert Wolthuis
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Alexander Emmert
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Dena Panovska
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Rene J Mclaughlin
- Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB Proteomics Core and VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; Gnosis Data Analysis PC, Heraklion GR-700 13, Greece
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tobias K Karakach
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yonglun Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.
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41
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Bieniasz-Krzywiec P, Martín-Pérez R, Ehling M, García-Caballero M, Pinioti S, Pretto S, Kroes R, Aldeni C, Di Matteo M, Prenen H, Tribulatti MV, Campetella O, Smeets A, Noel A, Floris G, Van Ginderachter JA, Mazzone M. Podoplanin-Expressing Macrophages Promote Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphoinvasion in Breast Cancer. Cell Metab 2019; 30:917-936.e10. [PMID: 31447322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Among mammary tumor-infiltrating immune cells, the highest expression of podoplanin (PDPN) is found in a subset of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We hereby demonstrate that PDPN is involved in the attachment of this TAM subset to lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Mechanistically, the binding of PDPN to LEC-derived galectin 8 (GAL8) in a glycosylation-dependent manner promotes the activation of pro-migratory integrin β1. When proximal to lymphatics, PDPN-expressing macrophages (PoEMs) stimulate local matrix remodeling and promote vessel growth and lymphoinvasion. Anti-integrin β1 blockade, macrophage-specific Pdpn knockout, or GAL8 inhibition impairs TAM adhesion to LECs, restraining lymphangiogenesis and reducing lymphatic cancer spread. In breast cancer patients, association of PoEMs with tumor lymphatic vessels correlates with incidences of lymph node and distant organ metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bieniasz-Krzywiec
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels B1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels B1050, Belgium
| | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sotiria Pinioti
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Samantha Pretto
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Roel Kroes
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Chiara Aldeni
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - María Virginia Tribulatti
- Institute for Research in Biotechnology, National University of San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Institute for Research in Biotechnology, National University of San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ann Smeets
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels B1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels B1050, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium.
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42
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Falkenberg KD, Rohlenova K, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. The metabolic engine of endothelial cells. Nat Metab 2019; 1:937-946. [PMID: 32694836 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the quiescent vasculature but can form new blood vessels (a process termed angiogenesis) in disease. Strategies targeting angiogenic growth factors have been clinically developed for the treatment of malignant and ocular diseases. Studies over the past decade have documented that several pathways of central carbon metabolism are necessary for EC homeostasis and growth, and that strategies that stimulate or block EC metabolism can be used to promote or inhibit vessel growth, respectively. In this Review, we provide an updated overview of the growing understanding of central carbon metabolic pathways in ECs and the therapeutic opportunities for targeting EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Falkenberg
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qindao, Qindao, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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43
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Li X, Sun X, Carmeliet P. Hallmarks of Endothelial Cell Metabolism in Health and Disease. Cell Metab 2019; 30:414-433. [PMID: 31484054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, it was postulated that endothelial cells (ECs) would only be able to execute the orders of growth factors if these cells would accordingly adapt their metabolism. Ten years later, it has become clear that ECs, often differently from other cell types, rely on distinct metabolic pathways to survive and form new blood vessels; that manipulation of EC metabolic pathways alone (even without changing angiogenic signaling) suffices to alter vessel sprouting; and that perturbations of these metabolic pathways can underlie excess formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in cancer and ocular diseases. Initial proof of evidence has been provided that targeting (normalizing) these metabolic perturbations in diseased ECs and delivery of metabolites deserve increasing attention as novel therapeutic approaches for inhibiting or stimulating vessel growth in multiple disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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