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Hubert DL, Arnold KR, Greenspan ZG, Pupo A, Robinson RD, Chavarin VV, Barter TB, Djukovic D, Raftery D, Vue Z, Hinton A, McReynolds MR, Harrison BR, Phillips MA. Selection for early reproduction leads to accelerated aging and extensive metabolic remodeling in Drosophila melanogaster populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601037. [PMID: 39005259 PMCID: PMC11244849 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Experimental evolution studies that feature selection on life-history characters are a proven approach for studying the evolution of aging and variation in rates of senescence. Recently, the incorporation of genomic and transcriptomic approaches into this framework has led to the identification of hundreds of genes associated with different aging patterns. However, our understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these aging patterns remains limited. Here, we incorporated extensive metabolomic profiling into this framework to generate mechanistic insights into aging patterns in Drosophila melanogaster . Specifically, we characterized metabolomic change over time associated with accelerated aging in populations of D. melanogaster under selection for early reproduction compared to their controls. Using this data we: i) evaluated the evolutionary repeatability across the metabolome; ii) evaluated the value of the metabolome as a predictor of "biological age" in this system; and iii) identified specific metabolic pathways associated with accelerated aging. Generally, our findings suggest that the metabolome is a reliable predictor of age and senescence in populations that share a recent evolutionary history. Metabolomic analysis revealed that generations of selection for early reproduction resulted in highly repeatable alterations to the metabolome. Specifically, changes in carbohydrate, amino acid, and TCA cycle-related metabolite abundances over time point to metabolic remodeling that favors rapid early reproduction with long-term consequences for carbohydrate and protein utilization.
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2
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Fan X, Yang M, Lang Y, Lu S, Kong Z, Gao Y, Shen N, Zhang D, Lv Z. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:442. [PMID: 38910210 PMCID: PMC11194272 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, known as a glomerular disease, arises from a metabolic disorder impairing renal cell function. Mitochondria, crucial organelles, play a key role in substance metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming as a compensatory mechanism to fulfill energy needs for survival and growth, attracting scholarly attention in recent years. Studies indicate that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming significantly influences the pathophysiological progression of DKD. Alterations in kidney metabolism lead to abnormal expression of signaling molecules and activation of pathways, inducing oxidative stress-related cellular damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy irregularities, culminating in renal fibrosis and insufficiency. This review delves into the impact of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming on DKD pathogenesis, emphasizing the regulation of metabolic regulators and downstream signaling pathways. Therapeutic interventions targeting renal metabolic reprogramming can potentially delay DKD progression. The findings underscore the importance of focusing on metabolic reprogramming to develop safer and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yating Lang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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3
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Chen Z, Zhang X. The role of metabolic reprogramming in kidney cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1402351. [PMID: 38884097 PMCID: PMC11176489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1402351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a cellular process in which cells modify their metabolic patterns to meet energy requirements, promote proliferation, and enhance resistance to external stressors. This process also introduces new functionalities to the cells. The 'Warburg effect' is a well-studied example of metabolic reprogramming observed during tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that kidney cells undergo various forms of metabolic reprogramming following injury. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the progression, prognosis, and treatment of kidney cancer. This review offers a comprehensive examination of renal cancer, metabolic reprogramming, and its implications in kidney cancer. It also discusses recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Singh A, Abhilasha KV, Acharya KR, Liu H, Nirala NK, Parthibane V, Kunduri G, Abimannan T, Tantalla J, Zhu LJ, Acharya JK, Acharya UR. A nutrient responsive lipase mediates gut-brain communication to regulate insulin secretion in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4410. [PMID: 38782979 PMCID: PMC11116528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose elevation to maintain glucose homeostasis. A complex network of inter-organ communication operates to modulate insulin secretion and regulate glucose levels after a meal. Lipids obtained from diet or generated intracellularly are known to amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that a Drosophila secretory lipase, Vaha (CG8093), is synthesized in the midgut and moves to the brain where it concentrates in the insulin-producing cells in a process requiring Lipid Transfer Particle, a lipoprotein originating in the fat body. In response to dietary fat, Vaha stimulates insulin-like peptide release (ILP), and Vaha deficiency results in reduced circulatory ILP and diabetic features including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Our findings suggest Vaha functions as a diacylglycerol lipase physiologically, by being a molecular link between dietary fat and lipid amplified insulin secretion in a gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Kathya R Acharya
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Niraj K Nirala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Velayoudame Parthibane
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thiruvaimozhi Abimannan
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jacob Tantalla
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jairaj K Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Usha R Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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5
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Shao M, Chen D, Wang Q, Guo F, Wei F, Zhang W, Gan T, Luo Y, Fan X, Du P, Liu Y, Ma X, Ren G, Song Y, Zhao Y, Qin G. Canagliflozin regulates metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease by inducing fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns. Diabetologia 2024; 67:738-754. [PMID: 38236410 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycaemic drugs that protect the kidneys of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating the renal benefits of SGLT2i are not fully understood. Considering the fuel switches that occur during therapeutic SGLT2 inhibition, we hypothesised that SGLT2i induce fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns, both of which contribute to the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS Untargeted and targeted metabolomics assays were performed on plasma samples from participants with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease (n=35, 11 women) receiving canagliflozin (CANA) 100 mg/day at baseline and 12 week follow-up. Next, a systematic snapshot of the effect of CANA on key metabolites and pathways in the kidney was obtained using db/db mice. Moreover, the effects of glycine supplementation in db/db mice and human proximal tubular epithelial cells (human kidney-2 [HK-2]) cells were studied. RESULTS Treatment of DKD patients with CANA for 12 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c from a median (interquartile range 25-75%) of 49.0 (44.0-57.0) mmol/mol (7.9%, [7.10-9.20%]) to 42.2 (39.7-47.7) mmol/mol (6.8%, [6.40-7.70%]), and reduced urinary albumin/creatinine ratio from 67.8 (45.9-159.0) mg/mmol to 47.0 (26.0-93.6) mg/mmol. The untargeted metabolomics assay showed downregulated glycolysis and upregulated fatty acid oxidation. The targeted metabolomics assay revealed significant upregulation of glycine. The kidneys of db/db mice undergo significant metabolic reprogramming, with changes in sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism; CANA regulated the metabolic reprogramming in the kidneys of db/db mice. In particular, the pathways for glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, as well as the metabolite of glycine, were significantly upregulated in CANA-treated kidneys. Glycine supplementation ameliorated renal lesions in db/db mice by inhibiting food intake, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose levels. Glycine supplementation improved apoptosis of human proximal tubule cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In conclusion, our study shows that CANA ameliorates DKD by inducing fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns. Furthermore, DKD was ameliorated by glycine supplementation, and the beneficial effects of glycine were probably due to the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyi Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xunjie Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peijie Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Taisz I, Donà E, Münch D, Bailey SN, Morris BJ, Meechan KI, Stevens KM, Varela-Martínez I, Gkantia M, Schlegel P, Ribeiro C, Jefferis GSXE, Galili DS. Generating parallel representations of position and identity in the olfactory system. Cell 2023; 186:2556-2573.e22. [PMID: 37236194 PMCID: PMC10403364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila, a dedicated olfactory channel senses a male pheromone, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), promoting female courtship while repelling males. Here, we show that separate cVA-processing streams extract qualitative and positional information. cVA sensory neurons respond to concentration differences in a 5-mm range around a male. Second-order projection neurons encode the angular position of a male by detecting inter-antennal differences in cVA concentration, which are amplified through contralateral inhibition. At the third circuit layer, we identify 47 cell types with diverse input-output connectivity. One population responds tonically to male flies, a second is tuned to olfactory looming, while a third integrates cVA and taste to coincidentally promote female mating. The separation of olfactory features resembles the mammalian what and where visual streams; together with multisensory integration, this enables behavioral responses appropriate to specific ethological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Taisz
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erika Donà
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Billy J Morris
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katie M Stevens
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marina Gkantia
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gregory S X E Jefferis
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Dana S Galili
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Morimoto J. Nutrigonometry IV: Thales' theorem to measure the rules of dietary compromise in animals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7466. [PMID: 37156830 PMCID: PMC10167223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet specialists and generalists face a common challenge: they must regulate the intake and balance of nutrients to achieve a target diet for optimum nutrition. When optimum nutrition is unattainable, organisms must cope with dietary imbalances and trade-off surplus and deficits of nutrients that ensue. Animals achieve this through compensatory rules that dictate how to cope with nutrient imbalances, known as 'rules of compromise'. Understanding the patterns of the rules of compromise can provide invaluable insights into animal physiology and behaviour, and shed light into the evolution of diet specialisation. However, we lack an analytical method for quantitative comparisons of the rules of compromise within and between species. Here, I present a new analytical method that uses Thales' theorem as foundation, and that enables fast comparisons of the rules of compromise within and between species. I then apply the method on three landmark datasets to show how the method enables us to gain insights into how animals with different diet specialisation cope with nutrient imbalances. The method opens new avenues of research to understand how animals cope with nutrient imbalances in comparative nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Morimoto
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 82590-300, Brazil.
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8
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Carvalho-Santos Z, Ribeiro C. Do flies dream of protein? How the gut regulates sleep depth. Cell Metab 2023; 35:732-734. [PMID: 37137287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A recent study by Titos et al. in Cell shows that protein-rich diets are strong modulators of sleep depth in Drosophila and identifies the gut-secreted neuropeptide CCHa1 as the mediator of this effect. In the brain, CCHa1 controls dopamine release from a small set of neurons, thereby modulating arousability by integrating internal state with sensory information.
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9
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González-Arrué N, Inostroza I, Conejeros R, Rivas-Astroza M. Phenotype-specific estimation of metabolic fluxes using gene expression data. iScience 2023; 26:106201. [PMID: 36915687 PMCID: PMC10006673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell's genome influences its metabolism via the expression of enzyme-related genes, but transcriptome and fluxome are not perfectly correlated as post-transcriptional mechanisms also regulate reaction's kinetics. Here, we addressed the question: given a transcriptome, how unobserved mechanisms of reaction kinetics should be systematically accounted for when inferring the fluxome? To infer the most likely and least biased fluxome, we present Pheflux, a constraint-based model maximizing Shannon's entropy of fluxes per mRNA. Benchmarked against 13C fluxes of yeast and bacteria, Pheflux accurately estimates the carbon core metabolism. We applied Pheflux to thousands of normal and tumor cell transcriptomes obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Pheflux showed statistically significantly higher glucose yields on lactate in breast, kidney, and bronchus-lung tumoral cells than their normal counterparts. Results are consistent with the Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer metabolism, suggesting that Pheflux can be efficiently used to study the metabolism of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás González-Arrué
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Departamento de Biotecnología, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Isidora Inostroza
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Departamento de Biotecnología, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Valparaíso, 2362803, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rivas-Astroza
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Departamento de Biotecnología, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Corresponding author
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10
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Hoshino R, Sano H, Yoshinari Y, Nishimura T, Niwa R. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor-mediated gut hormone secretion in mated Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5551. [PMID: 36827377 PMCID: PMC9956130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oogenesis is influenced by multiple environmental factors. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, nutrition and mating have large impacts on an increase in female germline stem cells (GSCs). However, it is unclear whether these two factors affect this GSC increase interdependently. Here, we report that dietary sugars are crucial for the GSC increase after mating. Dietary glucose is required for mating-induced release of neuropeptide F (NPF) from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), followed by NPF-mediated enhancement of GSC niche signaling. Unexpectedly, dietary glucose does not directly act on NPF-positive EECs. Rather, it contributes to elevation of hemolymph fructose generated through the polyol pathway. Elevated fructose stimulates the fructose-specific gustatory receptor, Gr43a, in NPF-positive EECs, leading to NPF secretion. This study demonstrates that circulating fructose, derived from dietary sugars, is a prerequisite for the GSC increase that leads to enhancement of egg production after mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshino
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuto Yoshinari
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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11
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Malita A, Kubrak O, Koyama T, Ahrentløv N, Texada MJ, Nagy S, Halberg KV, Rewitz K. A gut-derived hormone suppresses sugar appetite and regulates food choice in Drosophila. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1532-1550. [PMID: 36344765 PMCID: PMC9684077 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animals must adapt their dietary choices to meet their nutritional needs. How these needs are detected and translated into nutrient-specific appetites that drive food-choice behaviours is poorly understood. Here we show that enteroendocrine cells of the adult female Drosophila midgut sense nutrients and in response release neuropeptide F (NPF), which is an ortholog of mammalian neuropeptide Y-family gut-brain hormones. Gut-derived NPF acts on glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signalling to induce sugar satiety and increase consumption of protein-rich food, and on adipose tissue to promote storage of ingested nutrients. Suppression of NPF-mediated gut signalling leads to overconsumption of dietary sugar while simultaneously decreasing intake of protein-rich yeast. Furthermore, gut-derived NPF has a female-specific function in promoting consumption of protein-containing food in mated females. Together, our findings suggest that gut NPF-to-AKH signalling modulates specific appetites and regulates food choice to ensure homeostatic consumption of nutrients, providing insight into the hormonal mechanisms that underlie nutrient-specific hungers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Malita
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Kubrak
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadja Ahrentløv
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanislav Nagy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth V Halberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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The neuronal logic of how internal states control food choice. Nature 2022; 607:747-755. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Medina A, Bellec K, Polcowñuk S, Cordero JB. Investigating local and systemic intestinal signalling in health and disease with Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274860. [PMID: 35344037 PMCID: PMC8990086 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body health relies on complex inter-organ signalling networks that enable organisms to adapt to environmental perturbations and to changes in tissue homeostasis. The intestine plays a major role as a signalling centre by producing local and systemic signals that are relayed to the body and that maintain intestinal and organismal homeostasis. Consequently, disruption of intestinal homeostasis and signalling are associated with systemic diseases and multi-organ dysfunction. In recent years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a prime model organism to study tissue-intrinsic and systemic signalling networks of the adult intestine due to its genetic tractability and functional conservation with mammals. In this Review, we highlight Drosophila research that has contributed to our understanding of how the adult intestine interacts with its microenvironment and with distant organs. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding intestinal and whole-body pathophysiology, and how future Drosophila studies might advance our knowledge of the complex interplay between the intestine and the rest of the body in health and disease. Summary: We outline work in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that has contributed knowledge on local and whole-body signalling coordinated by the adult intestine, and discuss its implications in intestinal pathophysiology and associated systemic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Medina
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.,CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Bellec
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sofia Polcowñuk
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.,CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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14
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Della Noce B, Martins da Silva R, de Carvalho Uhl MV, Konnai S, Ohashi K, Calixto C, Arcanjo A, de Abreu LA, de Carvalho SS, da Silva Vaz I, Logullo C. REDOX IMBALANCE INDUCES REMODELING OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN RHIPICEPHALUS MICROPLUS EMBRYONIC CELL LINE. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101599. [PMID: 35063504 PMCID: PMC8857477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism not only functions in supplying cellular energy but also has an important role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and in preventing oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Previously, we showed that arthropod embryonic cell lines have high tolerance to H2O2 exposure. Here, we describe that Rhipicephalus microplus tick embryonic cell line (BME26) employs an adaptive glucose metabolism mechanism that confers tolerance to hydrogen peroxide at concentrations too high for other organisms. This adaptive mechanism sustained by glucose metabolism remodeling promotes cell survival and redox balance in BME26 cell line after millimolar H2O2 exposure. The present work shows that this tick cell line could tolerate high H2O2 concentrations by initiating a carbohydrate-related adaptive response. We demonstrate that gluconeogenesis was induced as a compensation strategy that involved, among other molecules, the metabolic enzymes NADP-ICDH, G6PDH, and PEPCK. We also found that this phenomenon was coupled to glycogen accumulation and glucose uptake, supporting the pentose phosphate pathway to sustain NADPH production and leading to cell survival and proliferation. Our findings suggest that the described response is not atypical, being also observed in cancer cells, which highlights the importance of this model to all proliferative cells. We propose that these results will be useful in generating basic biological information to support the development of new strategies for disease treatment and parasite control.
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15
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Hoshino R, Niwa R. Regulation of Mating-Induced Increase in Female Germline Stem Cells in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2021; 12:785435. [PMID: 34950056 PMCID: PMC8689587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In many insect species, mating stimuli can lead to changes in various behavioral and physiological responses, including feeding, mating refusal, egg-laying behavior, energy demand, and organ remodeling, which are collectively known as the post-mating response. Recently, an increase in germline stem cells (GSCs) has been identified as a new post-mating response in both males and females of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We have extensively studied mating-induced increase in female GSCs of D. melanogaster at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. After mating, the male seminal fluid peptide [e.g. sex peptide (SP)] is transferred to the female uterus. This is followed by binding to the sex peptide receptor (SPR), which evokes post-mating responses, including increase in number of female GSCs. Downstream of SP-SPR signaling, the following three hormones and neurotransmitters have been found to act on female GSC niche cells to regulate mating-induced increase in female GSCs: (1) neuropeptide F, a peptide hormone produced in enteroendocrine cells; (2) octopamine, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter synthesized in ovary-projecting neurons; and (3) ecdysone, a steroid hormone produced in ovarian follicular cells. These humoral factors are secreted from each organ and are received by ovarian somatic cells and regulate the strength of niche signaling in female GSCs. This review provides an overview of the latest findings on the inter-organ relationship to regulate mating-induced female GSC increase in D. melanogaster as a model. We also discuss the remaining issues that should be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshino
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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16
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Meschi E, Delanoue R. Adipokine and fat body in flies: Connecting organs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111339. [PMID: 34082046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of nutritional and environmental stress, organismal homeostasis is preserved through inter-communication between multiple organs. To do so, higher organisms have developed a system of interorgan communication through which one tissue can affect the metabolism, activity or fate of remote organs, tissues or cells. In this review, we discuss the latest findings emphasizing Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model organism to study these interactions and may constitute one of the best documented examples depicting the long-distance communication between organs. In flies, the adipose tissue appears to be one of the main organizing centers for the regulation of insect development and behavior: it senses nutritional and hormonal signals and in turn, orchestrates the release of appropriate adipokines. We discuss the nature and the role of recently uncovered adipokines, their regulations by external cues, their secretory routes and their modes of action to adjust developmental growth and timing accordingly. These findings have the potential for identification of candidate factors and signaling pathways that mediate conserved interorgan crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Meschi
- Centre for Neural Circuit and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield road, OX3 1SR, Oxford, UK
| | - Renald Delanoue
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice, France.
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17
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Kim SK, Tsao DD, Suh GSB, Miguel-Aliaga I. Discovering signaling mechanisms governing metabolism and metabolic diseases with Drosophila. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1279-1292. [PMID: 34139200 PMCID: PMC8612010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been rapid growth in the use of Drosophila and other invertebrate systems to dissect mechanisms governing metabolism. New assays and approaches to physiology have aligned with superlative genetic tools in fruit flies to provide a powerful platform for posing new questions, or dissecting classical problems in metabolism and disease genetics. In multiple examples, these discoveries exploit experimental advantages as-yet unavailable in mammalian systems. Here, we illustrate how fly studies have addressed long-standing questions in three broad areas-inter-organ signaling through hormonal or neural mechanisms governing metabolism, intestinal interoception and feeding, and the cellular and signaling basis of sexually dimorphic metabolism and physiology-and how these findings relate to human (patho)physiology. The imaginative application of integrative physiology and related approaches in flies to questions in metabolism is expanding, and will be an engine of discovery, revealing paradigmatic features of metabolism underlying human diseases and physiological equipoise in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Deborah D Tsao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Greg S B Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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18
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Shu R, Hahn DA, Jurkevitch E, Liburd OE, Yuval B, Wong ACN. Sex-Dependent Effects of the Microbiome on Foraging and Locomotion in Drosophila suzukii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656406. [PMID: 34040592 PMCID: PMC8141744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that symbiotic microbes can influence multiple nutrition-related behaviors of their hosts, including locomotion, feeding, and foraging. However, how the microbiome affects nutrition-related behavior is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate clear sexual dimorphism in how the microbiome affects foraging behavior of a frugivorous fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Female flies deprived of their microbiome (axenic) were consistently less active in foraging on fruits than their conventional counterparts, even though they were more susceptible to starvation and starvation-induced locomotion was notably more elevated in axenic than conventional females. Such behavioral change was not observed in male flies. The lag of axenic female flies but not male flies to forage on fruits is associated with lower oviposition by axenic flies, and mirrored by reduced food seeking observed in virgin females when compared to mated, gravid females. In contrast to foraging intensity being highly dependent on the microbiome, conventional and axenic flies of both sexes showed relatively consistent and similar fruit preferences in foraging and oviposition, with raspberries being preferred among the fruits tested. Collectively, this work highlights a clear sex-specific effect of the microbiome on foraging and locomotion behaviors in flies, an important first step toward identifying specific mechanisms that may drive the modulation of insect behavior by interactions between the host, the microbiome, and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhang Shu
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Edouard Jurkevitch
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oscar E Liburd
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adam Chun-Nin Wong
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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19
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Mahishi D, Triphan T, Hesse R, Huetteroth W. The Panopticon-Assessing the Effect of Starvation on Prolonged Fly Activity and Place Preference. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:640146. [PMID: 33841109 PMCID: PMC8026880 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.640146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal behaviours are demonstrably governed by sensory stimulation, previous experience and internal states like hunger. With increasing hunger, priorities shift towards foraging and feeding. During foraging, flies are known to employ efficient path integration strategies. However, general long-term activity patterns for both hungry and satiated flies in conditions of foraging remain to be better understood. Similarly, little is known about how permanent contact chemosensory stimulation affects locomotion. To address these questions, we have developed a novel, simplistic fly activity tracking setup—the Panopticon. Using a 3D-printed Petri dish inset, our assay allows recording of walking behaviour, of several flies in parallel, with all arena surfaces covered by a uniform substrate layer. We tested two constellations of providing food: (i) in single patches and (ii) omnipresent within the substrate layer. Fly tracking is done with FIJI, further assessment, analysis and presentation is done with a custom-built MATLAB analysis framework. We find that starvation history leads to a long-lasting reduction in locomotion, as well as a delayed place preference for food patches which seems to be not driven by immediate hunger motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Mahishi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tilman Triphan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricarda Hesse
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Metabolic Reprogramming, Questioning, and Implications for Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020129. [PMID: 33562201 PMCID: PMC7916061 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression "metabolic reprogramming" has been encountered more and more in the literature since the mid-1990s. It seems to encompass several notions depending on the author, but the lack of a clear definition allows it to be used as a "catch-all" expression. Our first intention is to point out the inconsistencies in the use of the reprogramming terminology for cancer metabolism. The second is to address the over-focus of the role of mutations in metabolic adaptation. With the increased interest in metabolism and, more specifically, in the Warburg effect in cancer research, it seems appropriate to discuss this terminology and related concepts in detail.
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