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Xu B, Gui D, Peng H, Huang Y, Sha Z. Green manuring alters reactive N losses and N pools in arable soils: A meta-regression study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173256. [PMID: 38763195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Green manuring is a conservation agricultural practice that improves soil quality and crop yield. However, increasing the active nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools during green manure (GM) amendment may accelerate soil N transformation and stimulate N loss. Previous studies have reported the effects of cover crop incorporation on N2O emission; however, the driving mechanisms and other N losses remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 109 published articles (517 paired observations) to clarify the effects of GM amendment on soil reactive N (Nr) losses (N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization, and N leaching and runoff), N pools, and N cycling functional gene abundance. The results showed that green manuring increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) and NO3--N concentrations and stimulated N2O emission but significantly lowered N leaching and yield-scaled NH3 volatilization. Practices of green manuring made a dominant contribution to the variation in N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization after GM application. Furthermore, applying legume-based GM, using N derived from GM (GMN) as an additional input, and short-term GM amendment each stimulated N2O emissions. In contrast, adopting non-legume GM, using GMN to partially substitute mineral N, and applying GM to the soil surface or paddy field mitigated NH3 loss during GM amendment. Additionally, the variation in NH3 volatilization was positively related to soil pH and N application rate (NAR) but had a negative relationship with mean annual precipitation (MAP). This study highlighted the marked effects of green manuring on soil N retention and loss. Agricultural operations that adopt GM amendment should select suitable GM species and optimize mineral N inputs to minimize N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongyang Gui
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongbo Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yukun Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhipeng Sha
- Yunnan Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Water-Soil-Crop System in Seasonal Arid Region, Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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2
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Wen Z, Ma X, Xu W, Si R, Liu L, Ma M, Zhao Y, Tang A, Zhang Y, Wang K, Zhang Y, Shen J, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Goulding K, Liu X. Combined short-term and long-term emission controls improve air quality sustainably in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5169. [PMID: 38886390 PMCID: PMC11183230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of national policies for air pollution control has been demonstrated, but the relative effectiveness of short-term emission reduction measures in comparison with national policies has not. Here we show that short-term abatement measures during important international events substantially reduced PM2.5 concentrations, but air quality rebounded to pre-event levels after the measures ceased. Long-term adherence to strict emission reduction policies led to successful decreases of 54% in PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, and 23% in atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China from 2012 to 2020. Incentivized by "blue skies" type campaigns, economic development and reactive nitrogen pollution are quickly decoupled, showing that a combination of inspiring but aggressive short-term measures and effective but durable long-term policies delivers sustainable air quality improvement. However, increased ammonia concentrations, transboundary pollutant flows, and the complexity to achieving reduction targets under climate change scenarios, underscore the need for the synergistic control of multiple pollutants and inter-regional action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruotong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingrui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Instute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Zhu F, Li J, Gurmesa GA, Huang S, Fang X, Liu D, Mgelwa AS, Wang W, Huang K, Duan Y, Song L, Li X, Quan Z, Kang R, Zhu W, Hobbie EA, Fang Y. Evidence and causes of recent decreases in nitrogen deposition in temperate forests in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172472. [PMID: 38642760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
High reactive nitrogen (N) emissions due to anthropogenic activities in China have led to an increase in N deposition and ecosystem degradation. The Chinese government has strictly regulated reactive N emissions since 2010, however, determining whether N deposition has reduced requires long-term monitoring. Here, we report the patterns of N deposition at a rural forest site (Qingyuan) in northeastern China over the last decade. We collected 456 daily precipitation samples from 2014 to 2022 and analysed the temporal dynamics of N deposition. NH4+-N, NO3--N, and total inorganic N (TIN) deposition ranged from 10.5 ± 3.5 (mean ± SD), 6.1 ± 1.6, and 16.6 ± 4.7 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively. Over the measurement period, TIN deposition at Qingyuan decreased by 55 %, whereas that in comparable sites in East Asia declined by 14-34 %. We used a random forest model to determine factors influencing the deposition of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and TIN during the study period. NH4+-N deposition decreased by 60 % because of decreased agricultural NH3 emissions. Furthermore, NO3--N deposition decreased by 42 %, due to reduced NOx emissions from agricultural soil and fossil fuel combustion. The steep decline in N deposition in northeastern China was attributed to reduced coal consumption, improved emission controls on automobiles, and shifts in agricultural practices. Long-term monitoring is needed to assess regional air quality and the impact of N emission control regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Jin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environment Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Prevention and Ecological Security (Henan University), Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoming Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; College of Natural Resources Management & Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture & Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania
| | - Wenchao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yihang Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Linlin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ronghua Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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4
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An Z, Yang Y, Yang X, Ma W, Jiang W, Li Y, Chen G, Zhang W, Zhuang M, Wang C, Zhang F. Promoting sustainable smallholder farming via multistakeholder collaboration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319519121. [PMID: 38753508 PMCID: PMC11126958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319519121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming smallholder farms is critical to global food security and environmental sustainability. The science and technology backyard (STB) platform has proved to be a viable approach in China. However, STB has traditionally focused on empowering smallholder farmers by transferring knowledge, and wide-scale adoption of more sustainable practices and technologies remains a challenge. Here, we report on a long-term project focused on technology scale-up for smallholder farmers by expanding and upgrading the original STB platform (STB 2.0). We created a formalized and standardized process by which to engage and collaborate with farmers, including integrating their feedback via equal dialogues in the process of designing and promoting technologies. Based on 288 site-year of field trials in three regions in the North China Plain over 5 y, we find that technologies cocreated through this process were more easily accepted by farmers and increased their crop yields and nitrogen factor productivity by 7.2% and 28.1% in wheat production and by 11.4% and 27.0% in maize production, respectively. In promoting these technologies more broadly, we created a "one-stop" multistakeholder program involving local government agencies, enterprises, universities, and farmers. The program was shown to be much more effective than the traditional extension methods applied at the STB, yielding substantial environmental and economic benefits. Our study contributes an important case study for technology scale-up for smallholder agriculture. The STB 2.0 platform being explored emphasizes equal dialogue with farmers, multistakeholder collaboration, and long-term investment. These lessons may provide value for the global smallholder research and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao An
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding071001, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Guangfeng Chen
- National Agricultural Technology, Extension and Service Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing100125, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Minghao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
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5
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Yin Y, Cui Z. Fertilizer application improvements in China. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:351-352. [PMID: 38719982 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Yin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Feng S, Li M, Wang K, Liu X, Xu W. Source apportionment of atmospheric ammonia in suburban Beijing revealed through 15N-stable isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170728. [PMID: 38325487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the urgent issue of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions is crucial in combating poor air quality in megacities. Previous research has highlighted the significant contribution of nonagricultural sources, particularly fossil fuel emissions, to urban NH3 levels. However, there is limited assessment of NH3 dynamics in suburban areas. This study focuses on four suburban sites in Beijing, covering a 16 to 22-month observation period, to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of NH3 concentrations. The δ15N-stable isotope method is employed to identify NH3 sources and their contributions. Our results demonstrate that agricultural sources (53 %) dominate atmospheric NH3 emissions in suburban areas of Beijing, surpassing nonagricultural sources, and primarily emanate from local sources. Notably, fertilizer application (37 ± 11 %) and livestock breeding (32 ± 6 %) emerge as the primary contributors in summer and spring, respectively, leading to significantly elevated NH3 concentrations during these seasons. Even in autumn and winter, both agricultural (49 %) and nonagricultural (51 %) sources contribute almost equally to NH3 emissions. This study emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts to control atmospheric NH3 pollution in Beijing City, with particular attention to addressing both vehicular and agricultural emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Zheng L, Adalibieke W, Zhou F, He P, Chen Y, Guo P, He J, Zhang Y, Xu P, Wang C, Ye J, Zhu L, Shen G, Fu TM, Yang X, Zhao S, Hakami A, Russell AG, Tao S, Meng J, Shen H. Health burden from food systems is highly unequal across income groups. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:251-261. [PMID: 38486126 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Food consumption contributes to the degradation of air quality in regions where food is produced, creating a contrast between the health burden caused by a specific population through its food consumption and that faced by this same population as a consequence of food production activities. Here we explore this inequality within China's food system by linking air-pollution-related health burden from production to consumption, at high levels of spatial and sectorial granularity. We find that low-income groups bear a 70% higher air-pollution-related health burden from food production than from food consumption, while high-income groups benefit from a 29% lower health burden relative to their food consumption. This discrepancy largely stems from a concentration of low-income residents in food production areas, exposed to higher emissions from agriculture. Comprehensive interventions targeting both production and consumption sides can effectively reduce health damages and concurrently mitigate associated inequalities, while singular interventions exhibit limited efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pan He
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Yilin Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinling He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunliu Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amir Hakami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shu Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Meng F, Ronda R, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Ma L, Krol M, de Graaf I, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Du X, Liu X, Xu W, Zhang F, Wang M. Setting goals for agricultural nitrogen emission reduction to ensure safe air and groundwater quality: A case study of Quzhou, the North China Plain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119737. [PMID: 38064983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Setting nitrogen (N) emission targets for agricultural systems is crucial to prevent to air and groundwater pollution, yet such targets are rarely defined at the county level. In this study, we employed a forecasting-and-back casting approach to establish human health-based nitrogen targets for air and groundwater quality in Quzhou county, located in the North China Plain. By adopting the World Health Organization (WHO) phase I standard for PM2.5 concentration (35 μg m-3) and a standard of 11.3 mg NO3--N L-1 for nitrate in drinking water, we found that ammonia (NH3) emissions from the entire county must be reduced by at least 3.2 kilotons year-1 in 2050 to meet the WHO's PM2.5 phase I standard. Additionally, controlling other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) is necessary, with required reductions ranging from 16% to 64% during 2017-2050. Furthermore, to meet the groundwater quality standard, nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) leaching to groundwater should not exceed 0.8 kilotons year-1 by 2050. Achieving this target would require a 50% reduction in NH3 emissions and a 21% reduction in NO3--N leaching from agriculture in Quzhou in 2050 compared to their respective levels in 2017 (5.0 and 2.1 kilotons, respectively). Our developed method and the resulting N emission targets can support the development of environmentally-friendly agriculture by facilitating the design of control strategies to minimize agricultural N losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinder Ronda
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Utrechtseweg 297, 3731, GA, De Bilt, the Netherlands
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Maarten Krol
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge de Graaf
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
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Liu XY. Ammonia mitigation campaign with smallholder farmers. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:740-741. [PMID: 37653046 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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