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Ruiz-Cardozo MA, Barot K, Yahanda AT, Singh SP, Trevino G, Yakdan S, Brehm S, Bui T, Joseph K, Vippa T, Hardi A, Jauregui JJ, Molina CA. Invasive devices to monitor the intraspinal perfusion pressure in the hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injury: A systematic scoping review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:400. [PMID: 39382579 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods for measuring intrathecal pressure (ITP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) to guide hemodynamic management have been investigated. To synthesize the current literature, this current study conducted a scoping review of the use of intrathecal devices to monitor ITP during acute management of SCI with the aim of understanding the association between ITP monitoring with physiological and clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of literature following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. All eligible studies were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extracted included number of patients included, severity of injury, characteristics of the intervention-intrathecal device used to record the ITP, outcomes -hemodynamic parameters observed, changes in the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS), total motor scores, association of ITP with other physiological variables. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 1,698 articles, of which 30 observational studies and 2 randomized clinical trials were deemed eligible based on their use of an intrathecal invasive device to monitor spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) in patients with SCI. Of these, 9 studies used a lumbar drain, 23 a Codman pressure probe and 1 study that used both. These studies underscore the crucial interplay between ITP, the SCPP and physiological variables, with neurological outcome. It is still unclear whether monitoring from a lumbar drain is accurate enough to highlight what is occurring at the site of SCI, which is the main advantage of Codman Probe, however, the latter requires specialized personnel that may not be available in most settings. Minor adverse effects were associated with lumbar drain catheters, while cerebrospinal fluid leak requiring repair (~ 7%) is the main concern with Codman Probes. CONCLUSION Future investigation of SCPP protocols via lumbar drains and Codman probes ought to involve multi-centered randomized controlled trials and continued translational investigation with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ruiz-Cardozo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Karma Barot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexander T Yahanda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Som P Singh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gabriel Trevino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Salim Yakdan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Brehm
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tim Bui
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karan Joseph
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tanvi Vippa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Angela Hardi
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julio J Jauregui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camilo A Molina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 N. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Alvi MA, Pedro KM, Quddusi AI, Fehlings MG. Advances and Challenges in Spinal Cord Injury Treatments. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4101. [PMID: 39064141 PMCID: PMC11278467 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that is associated with long-term physical and functional disability. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of SCI has evolved significantly over the past three decades. In parallel, significant advances have been made in optimizing the management of patients with SCI. Early surgical decompression, adequate bony decompression and expansile duraplasty are surgical strategies that may improve neurological and functional outcomes in patients with SCI. Furthermore, advances in the non-surgical management of SCI have been made, including optimization of hemodynamic management in the critical care setting. Several promising therapies have also been investigated in pre-clinical studies, with some being translated into clinical trials. Given the recent interest in advancing precision medicine, several investigations have been performed to delineate the role of imaging, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum biomarkers in predicting outcomes and curating individualized treatment plans for SCI patients. Finally, technological advancements in biomechanics and bioengineering have also found a role in SCI management in the form of neuromodulation and brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (M.A.A.); (K.M.P.); (A.I.Q.)
| | - Karlo M. Pedro
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (M.A.A.); (K.M.P.); (A.I.Q.)
- Department of Surgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ayesha I. Quddusi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (M.A.A.); (K.M.P.); (A.I.Q.)
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (M.A.A.); (K.M.P.); (A.I.Q.)
- Department of Surgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
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Setiawan E, Husin S, Shihab MQ, Pribadi BPP, Wiranata M, Prasetiyo GT. Traumatic thoracolumbar spondyloptosis of T12-L1 with stable hemodynamics: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 120:109703. [PMID: 38851070 PMCID: PMC11215088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE A fracture-dislocation of the vertebral bone is mostly caused by high-energy trauma. Spondyloptosis is the severest form of spondylolisthesis (>100 %) which affects the sagital or coronal plane from the contiguous vertebral bone. Anterior spondyloptosis is known as fracture-dislocation where the proximal part of the vertebra is located infront of the distal vertebrae. Most cases are associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) and unstable hemodynamics, in this case the vital sign of the patient's tend to be stable. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old man had multiple traumas after having a traffic injury, pain and numbness were positive during physical examination, especially in both lower limb. A radiography examination shows that the patient had total spinal cord transection and anterior spondyloptosis in T12 until L1 segment. Additional examinations found minimal renal and liver contusion including the ischemic bowel. The interbody fusion procedure was chosen as our therapeutic modalities. CLINICAL DISCUSSION We performed open surgical methods by using interbody fusion modalities usually in patient's with stable vital signs. This intervention could be the priority in managing patients with a rare case of anterior spondyloptosis. A visual analog Scale (VAS) was used for monitoring the degree of pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire for evaluating the outcome for low back pain. CONCLUSIONS Most traumatic spondyloptosis cases end with neurogenic shock, Due to the injury's rarity and collaborated with minimal soft tissue injury, early diagnosis and the use of an open surgical method may improve patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Setiawan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; Division of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Syafruddin Husin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; Division of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Quraish Shihab
- Division of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Wiranata
- Division of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
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Långsjö J, Jordan S, Laurila S, Paaso M, Thesleff T, Huhtala H, Ronkainen A, Karlsson S, Koskinen E, Luoto T. Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: Comparison of two different blood pressure targets on neurological recovery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:493-501. [PMID: 38228292 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists whether blood pressure augmentation therapy benefits patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI). This retrospective comparative study was designed to assess the impact of two different mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets (85-90 mmHg vs. 65-85 mmHg) on neurological recovery after traumatic cervical SCI. METHODS Fifty-one adult patients with traumatic cervical SCI were retrospectively divided into two groups according to their intensive care unit (ICU) MAP targets: 85-90 mmHg (higher MAP group, n = 32) and 65-85 mmHg (lower MAP group, n = 19). Invasive MAP measurements were stored as 2-min median values for 3-7 days. The severity of SCI (AIS grade and neurological level) was evaluated upon ICU stay and during rehabilitation. Neurological recovery was correlated with individual mean MAP values and with the proportion of MAP values ≥85 mmHg upon the first 3 days (3d-MAP%≥85 ). RESULTS The initial AIS grades were A 29.4%, B 17.6%, C 31.4%, and D 21.6%. AIS grade improved in 24 patients (47.1%). During ICU care, 82.0% and 36.8% of the measured MAP values reached ≥85 mmHg in the higher and the lower MAP groups, respectively (p < .001). The medians of individual mean MAP values were different between the groups (90.2 mmHg vs. 81.4 mmHg, p < .001). Similarly, 3d-MAP%≥85 was higher in the higher MAP group (85.6% vs. 50.0%, p < .001). However, neurological recovery was not different between the groups, nor did it correlate with individual mean MAP values or 3d-MAP%≥85 . CONCLUSION The currently recommended MAP target of 85-90 mmHg was not associated with improved outcomes compared to a lower target in patients with traumatic cervical SCI in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Långsjö
- Department of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sofia Jordan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Laurila
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Paaso
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomo Thesleff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ronkainen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Karlsson
- Department of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eerika Koskinen
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Luoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Tetreault LA, Kwon BK, Evaniew N, Alvi MA, Skelly AC, Fehlings MG. A Clinical Practice Guideline on the Timing of Surgical Decompression and Hemodynamic Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury and the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury: Introduction, Rationale, and Scope. Global Spine J 2024; 14:10S-24S. [PMID: 38632715 PMCID: PMC10964894 DOI: 10.1177/21925682231183969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Protocol for the development of clinical practice guidelines following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) standards. OBJECTIVES Acute SCI or intraoperative SCI (ISCI) can have devastating physical and psychological consequences for patients and their families. The treatment of SCI has dramatically evolved over the last century as a result of preclinical and clinical research that has addressed important knowledge gaps, including injury mechanisms, disease pathophysiology, medical management, and the role of surgery. In an acute setting, clinicians are faced with critical decisions on how to optimize neurological recovery in patients with SCI that include the role and timing of surgical decompression and the best strategies for hemodynamic management. The lack of consensus surrounding these treatments has prevented standardization of care across centers and has created uncertainty with respect to how to best manage patients with SCI. ISCI is a feared complication that can occur in the best of hands. Unfortunately, there are no systematic reviews or clinical practice guidelines to assist spine surgeons in the assessment and management of ISCI in adult patients undergoing spinal surgery. Given these limitations, it is the objective of this initiative to develop evidence-based recommendations that will inform the management of both SCI and ISCI. This protocol describes the rationale for developing clinical practice guidelines on (i) the timing of surgical decompression in acute SCI; (ii) the hemodynamic management of acute SCI; and (iii) the prevention, identification, and management of ISCI in patients undergoing surgery for spine-related pathology. METHODS Systematic reviews were conducted according to PRISMA standards in order to summarize the current body of evidence and inform the guideline development process. The guideline development process followed the approach proposed by the GRADE working group. Separate multidisciplinary, international groups were created to perform the systematic reviews and formulate the guidelines. All potential conflicts of interest were vetted in advance. The sponsors exerted no influence over the editorial process or the development of the guidelines. RESULTS This process resulted in both systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines/care pathways related to the role and timing of surgery in acute SCI; the optimal hemodynamic management of acute SCI; and the prevention, diagnosis and management of ISCI. CONCLUSIONS The ultimate goal of this clinical practice guideline initiative was to develop evidence-based recommendations for important areas of controversy in SCI and ISCI in hopes of improving neurological outcomes, reducing morbidity, and standardizing care across settings. Throughout this process, critical knowledge gaps and future directions were also defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan Evaniew
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael G Fehlings
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Azad TD, Ran KR, Liu J, Vattipally VN, Khela H, Leite E, Materi JD, Davidar AD, Bettegowda C, Theodore N. A future blood test for acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Biomarkers 2023; 28:703-713. [PMID: 38126897 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2298650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) requires prompt diagnosis and intervention to minimize the risk of permanent neurologic deficit. Presently, SCI diagnosis and interventional planning rely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is not always available or feasible for severely injured patients. Detection of disease-specific biomarkers in biofluids via liquid biopsy may provide a more accessible and objective means of evaluating patients with suspected SCI. Cell-free DNA, which has been used for diagnosing and monitoring oncologic disease, may detect damage to spinal cord neurons via tissue-specific methylation patterns. Other types of biomarkers, including proteins and RNA species, have also been found to reflect neuronal injury and may be included as part of a multi-analyte assay to improve liquid biopsy performance. The feasibility of implementing liquid biopsy into current practices of SCI management is supported by the relative ease of blood sample collection as well as recent advancements in droplet digital polymerase chain reaction technology. In this review, we detail the current landscape of biofluid biomarkers for acute SCI and propose a framework for the incorporation of a putative blood test into the clinical management of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej D Azad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen R Ran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Harmon Khela
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enzo Leite
- Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Materi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Daniel Davidar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gee CM, Kwon BK. Significance of spinal cord perfusion pressure following spinal cord injury: A systematic scoping review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2022; 34:102024. [PMID: 36147378 PMCID: PMC9486559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2022.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review systematically reviewed relevant research to summarize the literature addressing the significance of monitoring spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) in acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The objectives of the review were to (1) examine the nature of research in the field of SCPP monitoring in SCI, (2) summarize the key research findings in the field, and (3) identify research gaps in the existing literature and future research priorities. Primary literature searches were conducted using databases (Medline and Embase) and expanded searches were conducted by reviewing the references of eligible articles and searches of Scopus, Web of Science core collection, Google Scholar, and conference abstracts. Relevant data were extracted from the studies and synthesis of findings was guided by the identification of patterns across studies to identify key themes and research gaps within the literature. Following primary and expanded searches, a total of 883 articles were screened. Seventy-three articles met the review inclusion criteria, including 34 original research articles. Other articles were categorized as conference abstracts, literature reviews, systematic reviews, letters to the editor, perspective articles, and editorials. Key themes relevant to the research question that emerged from the review included the relationship between SCPP and neurological recovery, the safety of monitoring pressures within the intrathecal space, and methods of intervention to enhance SCPP in the setting of acute traumatic SCI. Original research that aims to enhance SCPP by targeting increases in mean arterial pressure or reducing pressure in the intrathecal space is reviewed. Further discussion regarding where pressure within the intrathecal space should be measured is provided. Finally, we highlight research gaps in the literature such as determining the feasibility of invasive monitoring at smaller centers, the need for a better understanding of cerebrospinal fluid physiology following SCI, and novel pharmacological interventions to enhance SCPP in the setting of acute traumatic SCI. Ultimately, despite a growing body of literature on the significance of SCPP monitoring following SCI, there are still a number of important knowledge gaps that will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M. Gee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Mathew R, Fernando SM, Hu K, Parlow S, Di Santo P, Brodie D, Hibbert B. Optimal Perfusion Targets in Cardiogenic Shock. JACC. ADVANCES 2022; 1:100034. [PMID: 38939320 PMCID: PMC11198174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiology shock is a syndrome of low cardiac output resulting in end-organ dysfunction. Few interventions have demonstrated meaningful clinical benefit, and cardiogenic shock continues to carry significant morbidity with mortality rates that have plateaued at upwards of 40% over the past decade. Clinicians must rely on clinical, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameters to guide resuscitation. Several features, including physical examination, renal function, serum lactate metabolism, venous oxygen saturation, and hemodynamic markers of right ventricular function, may be useful both as prognostic markers and to guide therapy. This article aims to review these targets, their utility in the care of patients with cardiology shock, and their association with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mathew
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon M. Fernando
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kira Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Parlow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pietro Di Santo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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All over the MAP: describing pressure variability in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:470-475. [PMID: 35418625 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Observational study. OBJECTIVES To examine the feasibility of meeting the current clinical guidelines for the hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) which recommend maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 85-90 mmHg in the days following injury. METHODS This study examined data collected minute-by-minute to describe the pressure profile in the first 5 days following SCI in 16 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Vancouver General Hospital (40 ± 19 years, 13 M/3 F, C4-T11). MAP and intrathecal pressure (ITP) were monitored at 100 Hz by arterial and lumbar intrathecal catheters, respectively, and reported as the average of each minute. Spinal cord perfusion pressure was calculated as the difference between MAP and ITP. The minute-to-minute difference (MMdiff) of each pressure variable was calculated as the absolute difference between consecutive minutes. RESULTS Only 24 ± 7% of MAP recordings were between 85 and 90 mmHg. Average MAP MMdiff was ~3 mmHg. The percentage of MAP recordings within target range was negatively correlated with the degree of variability (i.e. MMdiff; r = -0.64, p < 0.008) whereas higher mean MAP was correlated with greater variability (r = 0.57, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to the 'real life' challenges in maintaining MAP in acute SCI patients. Given MAP fluctuated ~3 mmHg minute-to-minute, maintaining MAP within a 5 mmHg range with conventional volume replacement and vasopressors presents an almost impossible task for clinicians and warrants reconsideration of current management guidelines.
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Menacho ST, Floyd C. Current practices and goals for mean arterial pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: Defining the gaps in knowledge. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 44:350-356. [PMID: 31525138 PMCID: PMC8081322 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1660840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The mainstay of treatment for acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is to artificially elevate the patient's mean arterial pressure (MAP) to >85 mmHg to increase blood flow to the injured spinal cord for 7 days. However, the literature supporting these recommendations are only Class III evidence. In fact, the critical time window in which to elevate MAP after SCI and the optimal vasopressor to use are largely unknown, as is whether cerebrospinal fluid diversion has a role, and this leads to variability among practitioners. Also undefined is whether manipulating these parameters improves neurological outcome.Objective: Our goal is to better delineate current clinical practice and identify gaps in knowledge surrounding the care of patients with traumatic SCI.Methods: We undertook a systematic review of the current literature identified from PubMed on MAP elevation and spinal cord parenchymal pressure in acute SCI.Results: The 8 articles (6 human; 2 porcine) that met our inclusion criteria were all published within the last 6 years. Four were prospective, 1 was retrospective, and 3 were review articles. Only one study was randomized. All of these studies involved small sample sizes and varying lengths of MAP elevation. Choice of vasopressor was variable as well.Conclusions: From our literature review, we posit that norepinephrine may be the vasopressor of choice, that spinal parenchymal pressure monitors can be safely placed at the injury site, and that the combination of MAP elevation and cerebrospinal fluid drainage may improve neurologic outcome more than either intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T. Menacho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Candace Floyd
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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11
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Kish B, Herr S, Yang HCS, Sun S, Shi R, Tong Y. Whole body measurements using near-infrared spectroscopy in a rat spinal cord contusion injury model. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 46:508-520. [PMID: 33890843 PMCID: PMC10116927 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1911504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injuries cause great damage to the central nervous system as well as the peripheral vasculature. While treatments for spinal cord injury typically focus on the spine itself, improvements in the function of the peripheral vasculature after spinal cord injury have shown to improve overall neurological recovery. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a mode to monitor cerebral and peripheral vascular condition non-invasively during the recovery process. DESIGN Animal research study. METHODS Rats underwent spinal contusion or sham injury and relative concentrations of de-/oxyhemoglobin (Δ[HbO]/Δ[Hb]) over time were measured over the cerebral, spinal, and pedal regions via NIRS. Correlational relationships across the body were determined. Rats received 1 NIRS measurement before injury and 3 after injury: 4, 7, and 14 days post. RESULTS Correlational relationships between signals across the body, between animals with and without spinal cord injury, indicate that NIRS was able to detect patterns of vascular change in the spine and the periphery occurring secondary to spinal cord injury and evolving during subsequent recovery. Additionally, NIRS determined an overall correlational decrease within the central nervous system, between spinal and cerebral measurements. CONCLUSION NIRS was able to closely reflect physiologic changes in the rat during recovery, demonstrating a promising method to monitor whole body hemodynamics after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Kish
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Seth Herr
- Center for Paralysis Research and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ho-Ching Shawn Yang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center for Paralysis Research and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Center for Paralysis Research and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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12
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Patsakos EM, Bayley MT, Kua A, Cheng C, Eng J, Ho C, Noonan VK, Querée M, Craven BC. Development of the Canadian Spinal Cord Injury Best Practice (Can-SCIP) Guideline: Methods and overview. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 44:S52-S68. [PMID: 34779719 PMCID: PMC8604491 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1953312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering injury that leads to a complex constellation of changes in an individual's sensory, motor, and autonomic function which is largely determined by the level and severity of cord impairment. Available SCI-specific clinical practice guidelines (CPG) address specific impairments, health conditions or a segment of the care continuum, however, fail to address all the important clinical questions arising throughout an individual's care journey. To address this gap, an interprofessional panel of experts in SCI convened to develop the Canadian Spinal Cord Injury Best Practice (Can-SCIP) Guideline. This article provides an overview of the methods underpinning the Can-SCIP Guideline process. METHODS The Can-SCIP Guideline was developed using the Guidelines Adaptation Cycle. A comprehensive search for existing SCI-specific CPGs was conducted. The quality of eligible CPGs was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. An expert panel (n = 52) convened, and groups of relevant experts met to review and recommend adoption or refinement of existing recommendations or develop new recommendations based on evidence from systematic reviews conducted by the Spinal Cord Injury Research Evidence (SCIRE) team. The expert panel voted to approve selected recommendations using an online survey tool. RESULTS The Can-SCIP Guideline includes 585 total recommendations from 41 guidelines, 96 recommendations that pertain to the Components of the Ideal SCI Care System section, and 489 recommendations that pertain to the Management of Secondary Health Conditions section. Most recommendations (n = 281, 48%) were adopted from existing guidelines without revision, 215 (36.8%) recommendations were revised for application in a Canadian context, and 89 recommendations (15.2%) were created de novo. CONCLUSION The Can-SCIP Guideline is the first living comprehensive guideline for adults with SCI in Canada across the care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M. Patsakos
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T. Bayley
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ailene Kua
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christiana Cheng
- Praxis Spinal Cord Institute, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice Eng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physiotherapy, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chester Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vanessa K. Noonan
- Praxis Spinal Cord Institute, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew Querée
- GF Strong Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B. Catharine Craven
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Lee YS, Kim KT, Kwon BK. Hemodynamic Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Literature Review. Neurospine 2020; 18:7-14. [PMID: 33211951 PMCID: PMC8021842 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040144.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) management is to reduce secondary injuries and improve neurological recovery after its occurrence. This review aimed to explore the literature regarding hemodynamic management to reduce ischemic secondary injury and improve neurologic outcome following acute SCI. The PubMed database was searched for studies investigating blood flow, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and spinal cord perfusion pressure after SCI. The 2013 guidelines of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons recommended maintaining MAP at 85-90 mmHg for 7 days after SCI to potentially improve outcome. However, this recommendation was based on weak evidence for neurologic benefit. The maintenance of MAP will typically require vasopressors, which may have their own set of complications. More recently, studies have suggested the potential importance of considering spinal cord perfusion pressure in addition to the MAP. Further research on the hemodynamic management of acute SCI is required to determine how to optimize neurologic recovery. Evidence-based guidelines for hemodynamic management should acknowledge the gaps in knowledge and the limitations of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Cheung A, Tu L, Manouchehri N, Kim KT, So K, Webster M, Fisk S, Tigchelaar S, Dalkilic SS, Sayre EC, Streijger F, Macnab A, Kwon BK, Shadgan B. Continuous Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Oxygenation and Hemodynamics during the First Seven Days Post-Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2292-2301. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cheung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorna Tu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Manouchehri
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kitty So
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan Webster
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shera Fisk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seth Tigchelaar
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara S. Dalkilic
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric C. Sayre
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Macnab
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Babak Shadgan
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Evaniew N, Mazlouman SJ, Belley-Côté EP, Jacobs WB, Kwon BK. Interventions to Optimize Spinal Cord Perfusion in Patients with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1127-1139. [PMID: 32024432 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions to optimize spinal cord perfusion via support of mean arterial pressure (MAP) or spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) are thought to play a critical role in the management of patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injuries, but there is ongoing controversy about efficacy and safety. We aimed to determine the effects of optimizing spinal cord perfusion on neurological recovery and risks for adverse events. We searched multiple databases for published and unpublished reports. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias. We synthesized data and evaluated confidence in anticipated treatment effects according to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We identified 20 eligible observational studies and 1 eligible randomized controlled trial. According to low or very low quality evidence, the effect of MAP support on neurological recovery after acute traumatic spinal cord injury is uncertain, and the use of vasopressors to support MAP may be associated with increased rates of predominantly cardiac adverse events. Increased SCPP appears likely to be associated with improved neurological recovery, but SCPP monitoring via intradural catheters at the anatomical site of injury may involve increased risks of cerebrospinal fluid leakage requiring revision surgery or pseudomeningocele. No study directly compared the effects of specific MAP goal ranges, SCPP ranges, SCPP monitoring techniques, or durations of treatment. Very low quality evidence suggests that norepinephrine may have less risk of adverse events than dopamine. The current literature is insufficient to make strong recommendations about interventions to support spinal cord perfusion via MAP or SCPP goals in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injuries. Data are compatible with a variety of treatment decisions, and individualized approaches may be optimal. Further investigation to clarify the risks, benefits, and alternatives to MAP or SCPP support in this population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Evaniew
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (VSSI), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahriar J Mazlouman
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emilie P Belley-Côté
- Population Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Bradley Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (VSSI), Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Gaudin XP, Wochna JC, Wolff TW, Pugh SM, Pandya UB, Spalding MC, Narayan KK. Incidence of intraoperative hypotension in acute traumatic spinal cord injury and associated factors. J Neurosurg Spine 2020; 32:127-132. [PMID: 31585416 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.spine19132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 85 mm Hg for patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is well documented, because systemic hypotension greatly increases the risk of secondary SCI. Current literature focuses on the ICU setting; however, there is a paucity of data describing the changes in MAP in the operating room (OR). In the present study, the authors investigated the incidence of intraoperative hypotension for patients with acute traumatic SCI as well as any associated factors that may have impacted these findings. METHODS This retrospective study was performed at a level 1 trauma center from 2015 to 2016. All patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score A-D acute traumatic SCIs from C1 to L1 were identified. Those included underwent spinal instrumentation and/or laminectomy decompression. Associated factors investigated include the following: age, body mass index, trauma mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, level of SCI, ASIA score, hospital day of surgery, total OR time, need for laminectomy decompression, use of spinal fixation, surgical positioning, blood loss, use of blood products, length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, and discharge disposition. Intraoperative minute-by-minute MAP recordings were used to determine time spent in various MAP ranges. RESULTS Thirty-two patients underwent a total of 33 operations. Relative to the total OR time, patients spent an average of 51.9% of their cumulative time with an MAP < 85 mm Hg. Furthermore, 100% of the study population recorded at least one MAP measurement < 85 mm Hg. These hypotensive episodes lasted a mean of 103 cumulative minutes per operative case. Analysis of associated factors demonstrated that fall mechanisms of injury led to a statistically significant increase in intraoperative hypotension compared to motor vehicle collisions/motorcycle collisions (p = 0.033). There were no significant differences in MAP recordings when analyzed according to all other associated factors studied. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting the incidence of intraoperative hypotension for patients with acute traumatic SCIs, and the results demonstrated higher proportions of relative hypotension than previously reported in the ICU setting. Furthermore, the authors identified that every patient experienced at least one MAP below the target value, which was much greater than the initial hypothesis of 50%. Given the findings of this study, adherence to the MAP protocol intraoperatively needs to be improved to minimize the risk of secondary SCI and associated deleterious neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier P Gaudin
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Jacob C Wochna
- 2Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens; and
| | - Timothy W Wolff
- 3Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sean M Pugh
- 2Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens; and
| | - Urmil B Pandya
- 3Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - M Chance Spalding
- 3Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kailash K Narayan
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus
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17
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Squair JW, Bélanger LM, Tsang A, Ritchie L, Mac-Thiong JM, Parent S, Christie S, Bailey C, Dhall S, Charest-Morin R, Street J, Ailon T, Paquette S, Dea N, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, West CR, Kwon BK. Empirical targets for acute hemodynamic management of individuals with spinal cord injury. Neurology 2019; 93:e1205-e1211. [PMID: 31409736 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the hemodynamic conditions associated with optimal neurologic improvement in individuals with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) who had lumbar intrathecal catheters placed to measure CSF pressure (CSFP). METHODS Ninety-two individuals with acute SCI were enrolled in this multicenter prospective observational clinical trial. We monitored mean arterial pressure (MAP) and CSFP during the first week after injury and assessed neurologic function at baseline and 6 months after injury. We used relative risk iterations to determine transition points at which the likelihood of either improving neurologically or remaining unchanged neurologically was equivalent. These transition points guided our analyses in which we examined the linear relationships between time spent within target hemodynamic ranges (i.e., clinical adherence) and neurologic recovery. RESULTS Relative risk transition points for CSFP, MAP, and spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) were linearly associated with neurologic improvement and directed the identification of key hemodynamic target ranges. Clinical adherence to the target ranges was positively and linearly related to improved neurologic outcomes. Adherence to SCPP targets, not MAP targets, was the best indicator of improved neurologic recovery, which occurred with SCPP targets of 60 to 65 mm Hg. Failing to maintain the SCPP within the target ranges was an important detrimental factor in neurologic recovery, particularly if the target range is set lower. CONCLUSION We provide an empirical, data-driven approach to aid institutions in setting hemodynamic management targets that accept the real-life challenges of adherence to specific targets. Our results provide a framework to guide the development of widespread institutional management guidelines for acute traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Squair
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lise M Bélanger
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela Tsang
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Leanna Ritchie
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sean Christie
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher Bailey
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sanjay Dhall
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Raphaele Charest-Morin
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Street
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tamir Ailon
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott Paquette
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dea
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Charles G Fisher
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marcel F Dvorak
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher R West
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- From the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (J.W.S., C.R.W., B.K.K.); MD/PhD Training Program (J.W.S.), School of Kinesiology (C.R.W.), and Department of Orthopaedics (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D.), University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Program (L.M.B., A.T., L.R.), Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia; Department of Surgery (J.-M.M.-T., S. Parent), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, and Chu Sainte-Justine (S.C.), Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Quebec; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (C.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (S.D.), University of California, San Francisco; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute (R.C.-M., J.S., T.A., S. Paquette, N.D., C.G.F., M.F.D., B.K.K.); and Division of Neurosurgery (B.K.K.), University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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18
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Cho N, Squair JW, Bloch J, Courtine G. Neurorestorative interventions involving bioelectronic implants after spinal cord injury. Bioelectron Med 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 32232100 PMCID: PMC7098222 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-019-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of approved treatments to repair damage to the central nervous system, the role of neurosurgeons after spinal cord injury (SCI) often remains confined to spinal cord decompression and vertebral fracture stabilization. However, recent advances in bioelectronic medicine are changing this landscape. Multiple neuromodulation therapies that target circuits located in the brain, midbrain, or spinal cord have been able to improve motor and autonomic functions. The spectrum of implantable brain-computer interface technologies is also expanding at a fast pace, and all these neurotechnologies are being progressively embedded within rehabilitation programs in order to augment plasticity of spared circuits and residual projections with training. Here, we summarize the impending arrival of bioelectronic medicine in the field of SCI. We also discuss the new role of functional neurosurgeons in neurorestorative interventional medicine, a new discipline at the intersection of neurosurgery, neuro-engineering, and neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton Cho
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, 1202 Genève, Switzerland.,2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Jordan W Squair
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, 1202 Genève, Switzerland.,3Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,4MD/PhD Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,6Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies, EPFL / CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, 1202 Genève, Switzerland.,5Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,6Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies, EPFL / CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Shadgan B, Macnab A, Fong A, Manouchehri N, So K, Shortt K, Streijger F, Cripton PA, Sayre EC, Dumont GA, Pagano R, Kim KT, Kwon BK. Optical Assessment of Spinal Cord Tissue Oxygenation Using a Miniaturized Near Infrared Spectroscopy Sensor. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3034-3043. [PMID: 31044642 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), measures to mitigate permanent neurological deficits in affected patients are limited. Immediate post-trauma hemodynamic management of patients, to maintain blood supply and improve oxygenation to the injured spinal cord, is currently one aspect of critical care which clinicians can utilize to improve neurological outcomes. However, without a way to monitor the response of spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation in real time, optimizing hemodynamic management is challenging and limited in scope. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and validity of using a miniaturized multi-wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor for direct transdural monitoring of spinal cord oxygenation in an animal model of acute SCI. Nine Yorkshire pigs underwent a weight-drop T10 contusion-compression injury and received episodes of ventilatory hypoxia and alterations in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation were monitored throughout by a non-invasive transdural NIRS sensor, as well as an invasive intraparenchymal sensor as a comparison. NIRS parameters of tissue oxygenation were highly correlated with intraparenchymal measures of tissue oxygenation. In particular, during periods of hypoxia and MAP alterations, changes of NIRS-derived spinal cord oxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygenation percentage corresponded well with the changes in spinal cord oxygen partial pressures measured by the intraparenchymal sensor. Our data confirm that during hypoxic episodes and as changes occur in the MAP, non-invasive NIRS can detect and measure real-time changes in spinal cord oxygenation with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Shadgan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Macnab
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Allan Fong
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Manouchehri
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kitty So
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katelyn Shortt
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter A Cripton
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Group, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics and School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric C Sayre
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy A Dumont
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roberto Pagano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Rashnavadi T, Macnab A, Cheung A, Shadgan A, Kwon BK, Shadgan B. Monitoring spinal cord hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation: a review of the literature with special focus on the near-infrared spectroscopy technique. Spinal Cord 2019; 57:617-625. [PMID: 31164734 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Review. OBJECTIVES Clinical studies have shown that the hemodynamic management of patients following acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important aspect of their treatment for maintaining spinal cord (SC) perfusion and minimizing ischemic secondary injury to the SC. While this highlights the importance of ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation to the injured cord, a method for the real-time monitoring of these hemodynamic measures within the SC is lacking. The purpose of this review is to discuss current and potential methods for SC hemodynamic monitoring with special focus on applications using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS A literature search using the PubMed database. All peer-reviewed articles on NIRS monitoring of SC published from inception to May 2019 were reviewed. RESULTS Among 125 papers related to SC hemodynamics monitoring, 26 focused on direct/indirect NIRS monitoring of the SC. DISCUSSION Current options for continuous, non-invasive, and real-time monitoring of SC hemodynamics are challenging and limited in scope. As a relatively new technique, NIRS has been successfully used for monitoring human cerebral hemodynamics, and has shown promising results in intraoperative assessment of SC hemodynamics in both human and animal models. Although utilizing NIRS to monitor the SC has been validated, applying NIRS clinically following SCI requires further development and investigation. CONCLUSIONS NIRS is a promising non-invasive technique with the potential to provide real-time monitoring of relevant parameters in the SC. Currently, in its first developmental stages, further clinical and experimental studies are mandatory to ensure the validity and safety of NIRS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Rashnavadi
- The University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrew Macnab
- International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amanda Cheung
- International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Armita Shadgan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Babak Shadgan
- The University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada. .,International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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21
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Sewell MD, Vachhani K, Hockings J, Chan J, Alrawi A, Williams R. A Hemodynamic Safety Checklist Can Improve Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. World Neurosurg 2019; 128:e225-e230. [PMID: 31048060 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The American Association and Congress of Neurological Surgeons recommended mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) should be 85-90 mm Hg for the first 7 days. We evaluated whether hemodynamic management differed between a primary-receiving and tertiary hospital in the first 24 hours for patients with acute SCI and assessed whether use of a checklist could improve hemodynamic management. METHODS Observational review was performed of 79 patients with acute SCI before and after introduction of a blood pressure monitoring checklist and staff educational program designed to improve tertiary center management. Hemodynamic management in the primary-receiving hospital was compared with the tertiary center before and after checklist introduction. RESULTS At the primary-receiving center, mean number of documented MAP readings/hour was 2.2 and 3 before and after checklist introduction. The proportion having >50% of MAP recordings <80 mm Hg was 26% and 22%. The proportion having >50% of MAP recordings <70 mm Hg was 8.5% and 7%. At the tertiary center, mean number of MAP readings/hour was 1.3 and 2.7 before and after checklist introduction (P = 0.02). The proportion having >50% of MAP recordings <80 mm Hg decreased from 36.5% to 16% after checklist introduction (P = 0.05). The proportion having >50% of MAP recordings <70 mm Hg decreased from 9% to 5.5% (P = 0.6). Polytrauma, inotrope use, and head injury significantly correlated with low MAP recordings (P < 0.05). Polytrauma was an independent risk predictor for low MAP recordings (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Achieving MAP targets for patients with acute SCI is challenging. Checklist use and staff education were associated with improved hemodynamic management. Presence of polytrauma identified patients at particular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew David Sewell
- Spinal Unit, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kathak Vachhani
- Spinal Unit, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Hockings
- Spinal Unit, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Spinal Unit, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Asif Alrawi
- Spinal Unit, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Williams
- Spinal Unit, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Zavodska M, Galik J, Marsala M, Papcunova S, Pavel J, Racekova E, Martoncikova M, Sulla I, Gajdos M, Lukac I, Kafka J, Ledecky V, Sulla I, Reichel P, Trbolova A, Capik I, Bimbova K, Bacova M, Stropkovska A, Kisucka A, Miklisova D, Lukacova N. Hypothermic treatment after computer-controlled compression in minipig: A preliminary report on the effect of epidural vs. direct spinal cord cooling. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4927-4942. [PMID: 30542449 PMCID: PMC6257352 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of local hypothermia (beginning 30 min post-injury persisting for 5 h) on tissue preservation along the rostro-caudal axis of the spinal cord (3 cm cranially and caudally from the lesion site), and the prevention of injury-induced functional loss in a newly developed computer-controlled compression model in minipig (force of impact 18N at L3 level), which mimics severe spinal cord injury (SCI). Minipigs underwent SCI with two post-injury modifications (durotomy vs. intact dura mater) followed by hypothermia through a perfusion chamber with cold (epidural t≈15°C) saline, DMEM/F12 or enriched DMEM/F12 (SCI/durotomy group) and with room temperature (t≈24°C) saline (SCI-only group). Minipigs treated with post-SCI durotomy demonstrated slower development of spontaneous neurological improvement at the early postinjury time points, although the outcome at 9 weeks of survival did not differ significantly between the two SCI groups. Hypothermia with saline (t≈15°C) applied after SCI-durotomy improved white matter integrity in the dorsal and lateral columns in almost all rostro-caudal segments, whereas treatment with medium/enriched medium affected white matter integrity only in the rostral segments. Furthermore, regeneration of neurofilaments in the spinal cord after SCI-durotomy and hypothermic treatments indicated an important role of local saline hypothermia in the functional outcome. Although saline hypothermia (24°C) in the SCI-only group exhibited a profound histological outcome (regarding the gray and white matter integrity and the number of motoneurons) and neurofilament protection in general, none of the tested treatments resulted in significant improvement of neurological status. The findings suggest that clinically-proven medical treatments for SCI combined with early 5 h-long saline hypothermia treatment without opening the dural sac could be more beneficial for tissue preservation and neurological outcome compared with hypothermia applied after durotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zavodska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Galik
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Marsala
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stefania Papcunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Pavel
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eniko Racekova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Martoncikova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Igor Sulla
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.,Hospital of Slovak Railways, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Gajdos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, 040 66 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Imrich Lukac
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, 040 66 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kafka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, 040 66 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Valent Ledecky
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Igor Sulla
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Reichel
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Trbolova
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Igor Capik
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bimbova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bacova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Stropkovska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Kisucka
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Miklisova
- Department of Vector-borne Diseases, Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Lukacova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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23
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Sewell MD, Vachhani K, Alrawi A, Williams R. Results of Early and Late Surgical Decompression and Stabilization for Acute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Patients with Concomitant Chest Injuries. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e161-e165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Intraspinal Pressure Monitoring and Extensive Duroplasty in the Acute Phase of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2017; 105:145-152. [PMID: 28578120 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognosis in cervical spinal cord injury is poor, and surgical and neurointensive care management need further improvement. Monitoring of the intraspinal pressure (ISP) at an early stage after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is useful clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obtaining continuous spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) measurements based on the difference between mean arterial pressure and ISP allows offering best medical and surgical treatment during this critical phase of tSCI. A search was carried out with PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar up to January 10, 2017. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were reviewed. RESULTS The optimal SCPP was found to be between 90 and 100 mm Hg and mean arterial pressure of 110-130. Laminectomy alone was found to be ineffective in the reduction of ISP because it does not lower the pressure exerted by dura on the swollen spinal cord. Therefore, bony decompression with durotomy or duroplasty seems to be the procedure of choice to reduce the ISP less than 20 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS A randomized controlled trial is required to determine whether laminectomy with durotomy and monitoring of ISP with SCPP optimization improve neurological recovery after tSCI.
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Tee JW, Altaf F, Belanger L, Ailon T, Street J, Paquette S, Boyd M, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, Kwon BK. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Management of Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injured Patients during the Pre-Hospital and Early Admission Period. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin W. Tee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Farhaan Altaf
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lise Belanger
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamir Ailon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Street
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott Paquette
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Boyd
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles G. Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel F. Dvorak
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Battistuzzo CR, Armstrong A, Clark J, Worley L, Sharwood L, Lin P, Rooke G, Skeers P, Nolan S, Geraghty T, Nunn A, Brown DJ, Hill S, Alexander J, Millard M, Cox SF, Rao S, Watts A, Goods L, Allison GT, Agostinello J, Cameron PA, Mosley I, Liew SM, Geddes T, Middleton J, Buchanan J, Rosenfeld JV, Bernard S, Atresh S, Patel A, Schouten R, Freeman BJ, Dunlop SA, Batchelor PE. Early Decompression following Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Examining the Process of Care from Accident Scene to Surgery. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1161-9. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Battistuzzo
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Armstrong
- School of Animal Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Jillian Clark
- Center for Orthopedic and Trauma Research, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Laura Worley
- Queensland Spinal Injuries Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Lisa Sharwood
- John Walsh Center for Rehabilitation Research, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peny Lin
- Orthopedic Department, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Rooke
- Orthopedic Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peta Skeers
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sherilyn Nolan
- School of Animal Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Timothy Geraghty
- Queensland Spinal Injuries Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Andrew Nunn
- Victorian Spinal Cord Service, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Steven Hill
- Victorian Spinal Cord Service, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janette Alexander
- Victorian Spinal Cord Service, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda Millard
- Victorian Spinal Cord Service, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan F. Cox
- Neuroscience Trials Australia, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sudhakar Rao
- Trauma Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ann Watts
- Spinal Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Louise Goods
- School of Animal Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Garry T. Allison
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Jacqui Agostinello
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter A. Cameron
- Emergency and Trauma Center, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Mosley
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M. Liew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom Geddes
- Orthopedic Department, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Middleton
- John Walsh Center for Rehabilitation Research, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Buchanan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Bernard
- Intensive Care Unit, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sridhar Atresh
- Queensland Spinal Injuries Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Orthopedic Department, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rowan Schouten
- Orthopedic Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brian J.C. Freeman
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Dunlop
- School of Animal Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Peter E. Batchelor
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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The differential effects of norepinephrine and dopamine on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure after acute human spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:33-38. [PMID: 27271117 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective vasopressor cross-over interventional studyObjectives:To examine how two vasopressors used in acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) affect intrathecal cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the corresponding spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP). SETTING Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Acute SCI patients over the age of 17 with cervical or thoracic ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS). A, B or C injuries were enrolled in this study. Two vasopressors, norepinephrine and dopamine, were evaluated in a 'crossover procedure' to directly compare their effect on the intrathecal pressure (ITP). The vasopressor cross-over procedures were performed in the intensive care unit where ITP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were being continuously measured. The SCPP was calculated as the difference between MAP and ITP. RESULTS A total of 11 patients were enrolled and included in our analysis. There were 6 patients with AIS A, 3 with AIS B and 2 with AIS C injuries at baseline. We performed 24 cross-over interventions in these 11 patients. There was no difference in MAP with the use of norepinephrine versus dopamine (84±1 mm Hg for both; P=0.33). Conversely, ITP was significantly lower with the use of norepinephrine than with dopamine (17±1 mm Hg vs 20±1 mm Hg, respectively, P<0.001). This decrease in ITP with norepinephrine resulted in an increased SCPP during the norepinephrine infusion when compared with dopamine (67±1 mm Hg vs 65±1 mm Hg respectively, P=0.0049). CONCLUSION Norepinephrine was able to maintain MAP with a lower ITP and a correspondingly higher SCPP as compared with dopamine in this study. These results suggest that norepinephrine may be preferable to dopamine if vasopressor support is required post SCI to maintain elevated MAPs in accordance with published guidelines.
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Nielson JL, Paquette J, Liu AW, Guandique CF, Tovar CA, Inoue T, Irvine KA, Gensel JC, Kloke J, Petrossian TC, Lum PY, Carlsson GE, Manley GT, Young W, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC, Ferguson AR. Topological data analysis for discovery in preclinical spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8581. [PMID: 26466022 PMCID: PMC4634208 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Data-driven discovery in complex neurological disorders has potential to extract meaningful syndromic knowledge from large, heterogeneous data sets to enhance potential for precision medicine. Here we describe the application of topological data analysis (TDA) for data-driven discovery in preclinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) data sets mined from the Visualized Syndromic Information and Outcomes for Neurotrauma-SCI (VISION-SCI) repository. Through direct visualization of inter-related histopathological, functional and health outcomes, TDA detected novel patterns across the syndromic network, uncovering interactions between SCI and co-occurring TBI, as well as detrimental drug effects in unpublished multicentre preclinical drug trial data in SCI. TDA also revealed that perioperative hypertension predicted long-term recovery better than any tested drug after thoracic SCI in rats. TDA-based data-driven discovery has great potential application for decision-support for basic research and clinical problems such as outcome assessment, neurocritical care, treatment planning and rapid, precision-diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Nielson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jesse Paquette
- Tagb.io, 1 Quartz Way, San Francisco, California 94131, USA
| | - Aiwen W Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Cristian F Guandique
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - C Amy Tovar
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, 670 Biomedical Research Tower, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Tomoo Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai city, Miyagi prefecture 980-0856, Japan
| | - Karen-Amanda Irvine
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky Lexington, B463 Biomedical &Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone Street, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer Kloke
- Ayasdi Inc., 4400 Bohannon Drive Suite #200, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tanya C Petrossian
- GenePeeks, Inc., 777 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10001, USA
| | - Pek Y Lum
- Capella Biosciences, 550 Hamilton Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301, USA
| | - Gunnar E Carlsson
- Ayasdi Inc., 4400 Bohannon Drive Suite #200, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Building 380, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Wise Young
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Michael S Beattie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Bresnahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
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30
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Martin ND, Kepler C, Zubair M, Sayadipour A, Cohen M, Weinstein M. Increased mean arterial pressure goals after spinal cord injury and functional outcome. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2015; 8:94-8. [PMID: 25949039 PMCID: PMC4411584 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.155507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is often treated with induced hypertension to enhance spinal cord perfusion. The optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) likely varies between patients. Arbitrary goals are often set, frequently requiring vasopressors to achieve, with no clear evidence supporting this practice. We hypothesize that increased MAP goals and episodes of relative hypotension do not affect hospital outcome. Materials and Methods: All cervical and thoracic SCI patients treated at a level one trauma and regional SCI center over at 2.5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Lowest and average hourly MAP was recorded for the first 72 h of hospitalization, allowing for quantification of mean MAP and the total number of episodic relative hypotensive events. These data were further compared to daily American spinal injury association motor score (AMS), which was used to determine the severity of SCI and improvement/decline during hospitalization. Patient's data were finally analyzed at theoretic MAP set points. Results: One hundred and five patients had complete data during the study period. At higher theoretic MAP set points (85 and 90), increased number of relative hypotensive episodes correlated with lower admission AMS (85 mmHg: <10 episodes, AMS 66.2; >50 episodes, 22.0; P < 0.001) and the need for vasopressors (P < 0.03) but showed no statistical change in AMS by hospital discharge. The need for vasopressors correlated with the number of hypotensive episodes and inversely related to admission AMS at all theoretic MAP goal set points but was not correlated with the change in AMS during the hospitalization. Conclusions: The frequency of relative hypotension and the need for vasopressors are progressively related to more severe SCI, as denoted by lower admission AMS. However, episodes of hypotension and the need for vasopressors did not affect the change in AMS during the acute hospitalization, regardless of theoretic MAP goal set-point. Arbitrarily elevated MAP goals may not be efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels D Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chris Kepler
- Department of Orthopedics, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amirali Sayadipour
- Department of Orthopedics, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Murray Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Weinstein
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Dvorak MF, Noonan VK, Fallah N, Fisher CG, Finkelstein J, Kwon BK, Rivers CS, Ahn H, Paquet J, Tsai EC, Townson A, Attabib N, Bailey CS, Christie SD, Drew B, Fourney DR, Fox R, Hurlbert RJ, Johnson MG, Linassi AG, Parent S, Fehlings MG. The influence of time from injury to surgery on motor recovery and length of hospital stay in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: an observational Canadian cohort study. J Neurotrauma 2014; 32:645-54. [PMID: 25333195 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the influence of time from injury to surgery on neurological recovery and length of stay (LOS) in an observational cohort of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), we analyzed the baseline and follow-up motor scores of participants in the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry to specifically assess the effect of an early (less than 24 h from injury) surgical procedure on motor recovery and on LOS. One thousand four hundred and ten patients who sustained acute tSCIs with baseline American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades A, B, C, or D and were treated surgically were analyzed to determine the effect of the timing of surgery (24, 48, or 72 h from injury) on motor recovery and LOS. Depending on the distribution of data, we used different types of generalized linear models, including multiple linear regression, gamma regression, and negative binomial regression. Persons with incomplete AIS B, C, and D injuries from C2 to L2 demonstrated motor recovery improvement of an additional 6.3 motor points (SE=2.8 p<0.03) when they underwent surgical treatment within 24 h from the time of injury, compared with those who had surgery later than 24 h post-injury. This beneficial effect of early surgery on motor recovery was not seen in the patients with AIS A complete SCI. AIS A and B patients who received early surgery experienced shorter hospital LOS. While the issues of when to perform surgery and what specific operation to perform remain controversial, this work provides evidence that for an incomplete acute tSCI in the cervical, thoracic, or thoracolumbar spine, surgery performed within 24 h from injury improves motor neurological recovery. Early surgery also reduces LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Dvorak
- 1 Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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