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Singh D, Liu Y, Zhu YH, Zhang S, Naegele S, Wu JQ. Septins function in exocytosis via physical interactions with the exocyst complex in fission yeast cytokinesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602728. [PMID: 39026698 PMCID: PMC11257574 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Septins can function as scaffolds for protein recruitment, membrane-bound diffusion barriers, or membrane curvature sensors. Septins are important for cytokinesis, but their exact roles are still obscure. In fission yeast, four septins (Spn1 to Spn4) accumulate at the rim of the division plane as rings. The octameric exocyst complex, which tethers exocytic vesicles to the plasma membrane, exhibits a similar localization and is essential for plasma membrane deposition during cytokinesis. Without septins, the exocyst spreads across the division plane but absent from the rim during septum formation. These results suggest that septins and the exocyst physically interact for proper localization. Indeed, we predicted six pairs of direct interactions between septin and exocyst subunits by AlphaFold2 ColabFold, most of them are confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays. Exocyst mislocalization results in mistargeting of secretory vesicles and their cargos, which leads to cell-separation delay in septin mutants. Our results indicate that septins guide the targeting of exocyst complex on the plasma membrane for vesicle tethering during cytokinesis through direct physical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Yi-Hua Zhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sha Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Shelby Naegele
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jian-Qiu Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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2
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Werner B, Yadav S. Phosphoregulation of the septin cytoskeleton in neuronal development and disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:275-289. [PMID: 36127729 PMCID: PMC10025170 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Septins are highly conserved GTP-binding proteins that oligomerize and form higher order structures. The septin cytoskeleton plays an important role in cellular organization, intracellular transport, and cytokinesis. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation of septins regulates various aspects of their function, localization, and dynamics. Septins are enriched in the mammalian nervous system where they contribute to neurodevelopment and neuronal function. Emerging research has implicated aberrant changes in septin cytoskeleton in several human diseases. The mechanisms through which aberrant phosphorylation by kinases contributes to septin dysfunction in neurological disorders are poorly understood and represent an important question for future research with therapeutic implications. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the diversity of kinases that interact with and phosphorylate mammalian septins, delineates how phosphoregulation impacts septin dynamics, and describes how aberrant septin phosphorylation contributes to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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3
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Miske R, Scharf M, Borowski K, Rieckhoff N, Teegen B, Denno Y, Probst C, Guthke K, Didrihsone I, Wildemann B, Ruprecht K, Komorowski L, Jarius S. Septin-3 autoimmunity in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:88. [PMID: 36997937 PMCID: PMC10061979 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septins are cytoskeletal proteins with filament forming capabilities, which have multiple roles during cell division, cellular polarization, morphogenesis, and membrane trafficking. Autoantibodies against septin-5 are associated with non-paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia, and autoantibodies against septin-7 with encephalopathy with prominent neuropsychiatric features. Here, we report on newly identified autoantibodies against septin-3 in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia. We also propose a strategy for anti-septin autoantibody determination. METHODS Sera from three patients producing similar immunofluorescence staining patterns on cerebellar and hippocampal sections were subjected to immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. The identified candidate antigens, all of which were septins, were expressed recombinantly in HEK293 cells either individually, as complexes, or combinations missing individual septins, for use in recombinant cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assays (RC-IIFA). Specificity for septin-3 was further confirmed by tissue IIFA neutralization experiments. Finally, tumor tissue sections were analyzed immunohistochemically for septin-3 expression. RESULTS Immunoprecipitation with rat cerebellum lysate revealed septin-3, -5, -6, -7, and -11 as candidate target antigens. Sera of all three patients reacted with recombinant cells co-expressing septin-3/5/6/7/11, while none of 149 healthy control sera was similarly reactive. In RC-IIFAs the patient sera recognized only cells expressing septin-3, individually and in complexes. Incubation of patient sera with five different septin combinations, each missing one of the five septins, confirmed the autoantibodies' specificity for septin-3. The tissue IIFA reactivity of patient serum was abolished by pre-incubation with HEK293 cell lysates overexpressing the septin-3/5/6/7/11 complex or septin-3 alone, but not with HEK293 cell lysates overexpressing septin-5 as control. All three patients had cancers (2 × melanoma, 1 × small cell lung cancer), presented with progressive cerebellar syndromes, and responded poorly to immunotherapy. Expression of septin-3 was demonstrated in resected tumor tissue available from one patient. CONCLUSIONS Septin-3 is a novel autoantibody target in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar syndromes. Based on our findings, RC-IIFA with HEK293 cells expressing the septin-3/5/6/7/11 complex may serve as a screening tool to investigate anti-septin autoantibodies in serological samples with a characteristic staining pattern on neuronal tissue sections. Autoantibodies against individual septins can then be confirmed by RC-IIFA expressing single septins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Miske
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Madeleine Scharf
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Borowski
- Clinical Immunological Laboratory Prof. Dr. med. Winfried Stöcker, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nicole Rieckhoff
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bianca Teegen
- Clinical Immunological Laboratory Prof. Dr. med. Winfried Stöcker, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yvonne Denno
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kersten Guthke
- Department of Neurology, Städtisches Klinikum Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Ieva Didrihsone
- Department of Neurology, Hermann-Josef-Krankenhaus, Erkelenz, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sven Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Septin 9 methylation analysis of lymph node micrometastases for predicting relapse of colorectal cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 60:152021. [PMID: 35939880 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular markers for the detection of lymph node micrometastases of malignant tumors have been extensively investigated. However, epigenetic signatures have rarely been reported for identification of metastatic lymph nodes and disease relapse. Septin 9 is the most frequently reported hypermethylated gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of Septin 9 methylation in regional lymph nodes in recurrence/metastases of CRC. METHODS We analyzed Septin 9 methylation of DNA from resected lymph nodes in 75 CRC patients with or without tumor recurrence using quantitative methylation-sensitive PCR (qMS-PCR). RESULTS Of the 30 histologically negative lymph node CRC patients without recurrence (group 1), methylated Septin 9 was detected in 3 (10 %) cases. The positivity rate of methylated Septin 9 in group 2 containing 30 histologically node-negative CRC patients with recurrence was 30 % (9/30). For group 3, lymphatic invasion as well as tumor recurrence, 11 (73 %) out of 15 subjects had Septin 9 methylation-positive lymph nodes. Moreover, patients in group 3 had a higher level of methylated Septin 9 compared to subjects in group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05). In addition, CRC patients with Septin 9 methylation in lymph nodes had significantly reduced survival (Log-rank P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data support the predictive role of Septin 9 methylation analysis of lymph node micrometastases for tumor relapse after surgery.
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Chebly A, Djambas Khayat C, Yammine T, Korban R, Semaan W, Bou Zeid J, Farra C. Pediatric M5 acute myeloid leukemia with MLL-SEPT6 fusion and a favorable outcome. Leuk Res Rep 2021; 16:100277. [PMID: 34760618 PMCID: PMC8566899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with MLL-SEPT6 fusion represent a small subset of AML. The uncommon MLL-SEPT6 rearrangement results from t(X;11) or other variants like ins(X;11), and it is usually associated with complex cytogenetic abnormalities. We herein report a case of AML-M5-infant with ins(X;11)(q24;q23q13) and MLL-SEPT6. The one-year-old boy presented with leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. He had a favorable response to chemotherapy according to ELAM02protocol and is currently in complete remission. We here, highlight the occurrence of MLL-SEPT6 as the sole abnormality in a pediatric-AML-M5 case, discuss the prognostic implication of this genetic variant, while reviewing previously reported AML-MLL-SEPT6 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chebly
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Tony Yammine
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima Korban
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Warde Semaan
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jessica Bou Zeid
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chantal Farra
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Genetics, Hotel Dieu de France Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Moreno-Rubio J, Ponce S, Álvarez R, Olmedo ME, Falagan S, Mielgo X, Navarro F, Cruz P, Cabezón-Gutiérrez L, Aguado C, Colmenarejo G, Muñoz-Fernández de Leglaria M, Enguita AB, Cebollero M, Benito A, Alemany I, Del Castillo C, Ramos R, Ramírez de Molina A, Casado E, Sereno M. Clinical-pathological and molecular characterization of long-term survivors with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 17:444-457. [PMID: 32587780 PMCID: PMC7309469 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Long-term survivors (LS) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver alterations, displaying an overall survival (OS) of more than 3 years, comprise around 10% of cases in several series treated with chemotherapy. There are classical prognosis factors for these cases [stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), etc.], but more data are required in the literature. In this multi-center study, we focused on LS of advanced NSCLC with OS above 36 months to perform a clinical-pathological and molecular characterization. Methods: In the first step, we conducted a clinical-pathological characterization of the patients. Afterwards, we carried out a genetic analysis by comparing LS to a sample of short-term survivors (SS) (with an OS less than 9 months). We initially used whole-genome RNA-seq to identify differentiating profiles of LS and SS, and later confirmed these with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the rest of the samples. Results: A total of 94 patients were included, who were mainly men, former smokers, having adenocarcinoma (AC)-type NSCLC with an ECOG of 0–1. We obtained an initial differential transcriptome expression, displaying 5 over- and 33 under-expressed genes involved in different pathways: namely, the secretin receptor, surfactant protein, trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), serpin, Ca-channels, and Toll-like receptor (TLRs) families. Finally, RT-PCR analysis of 40 (20 LS/20 SS) samples confirmed that four genes (surfactant proteins and SFTP) were significantly down-regulated in SS compared to LS by using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model: SFTPA1 (P = 0.023), SFTPA2 (P = 0.027), SFTPB (P = 0.02), and SFTPC (P = 0.047). Conclusions: We present a sequential genetic analysis of a sample of NSCLC LS with no driver alterations, obtaining a differential RNA-seq/RT-PCR profile showing an abnormal expression of SF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Álvarez
- Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid 28009, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Falagan
- Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián De Los Reyes, Madrid 28702, Spain
| | - Xabier Mielgo
- Fundación Alcorcon University Hospital, Alcorcon, Madrid 28922, Spain
| | - Fátima Navarro
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá De Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Aguado
- Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Amparo Benito
- Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Isabel Alemany
- Fundación Alcorcon University Hospital, Alcorcon, Madrid 28922, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Ramos
- Parque Científico de Madrid Foundation, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Casado
- Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián De Los Reyes, Madrid 28702, Spain
| | - Maria Sereno
- Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián De Los Reyes, Madrid 28702, Spain
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7
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Salameh J, Cantaloube I, Benoit B, Poüs C, Baillet A. Cdc42 and its BORG2 and BORG3 effectors control the subcellular localization of septins between actin stress fibers and microtubules. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4088-4103.e5. [PMID: 34329591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell resistance to taxanes involves several complementary mechanisms, among which septin relocalization from actin stress fibers to microtubules plays an early role. By investigating the molecular mechanism underlying this relocalization, we found that acute paclitaxel treatment triggers the release from stress fibers and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of binder of Rho GTPases 2 (BORG2)/Cdc42 effector protein 3 (Cdc42EP3) and to a lesser extent of BORG3/Cdc42EP5, two Cdc42 effectors that link septins to actin in interphase cells. BORG2 or BORG3 silencing not only caused septin detachment from stress fibers but also mimicked the effects of paclitaxel by triggering both septin relocalization to microtubules and significant drug resistance. Conversely, BORG2 or BORG3 overexpression retained septins on actin fibers even after paclitaxel treatment, without affecting paclitaxel sensitivity. We found that drug-induced inhibition of Cdc42 resulted in a drop in BORG2 level and in the relocalization of septins to microtubules. Accordingly, although septins relocalized when overexpressing an inactive mutant of Cdc42, the expression of a constitutively active mutant acted locally at actin stress fibers to prevent septin release, even after paclitaxel treatment. These findings reveal the role of Cdc42 upstream of BORG2 and BORG3 in controlling the interplay between septins, actin fibers, and microtubules in basal condition and in response to taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Salameh
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Cantaloube
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Béatrice Benoit
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Clamart, France.
| | - Anita Baillet
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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8
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Shen S, Wei Y, Li Y, Duan W, Dong X, Lin L, You D, Tardon A, Chen C, Field JK, Hung RJ, Liu G, Zhu D, Amos CI, Su L, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Shen H, Zhang R, Chen F, Christiani DC. A multi-omics study links TNS3 and SEPT7 to long-term former smoking NSCLC survival. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:39. [PMID: 34002017 PMCID: PMC8128887 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is relevant to smoking status. However, the genetic contribution of long-term smoking cessation to the prognosis of NSCLC patients remains largely unknown. We conducted a genome-wide association study primarily on the prognosis of 1299 NSCLC patients of long-term former smokers from independent discovery (n = 566) and validation (n = 733) sets, and used in-silico function prediction and multi-omics analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on prognostics with NSCLC. We further detected SNPs with at least moderate association strength on survival within each group of never, short-term former, long-term former, and current smokers, and compared their genetic similarity at the SNP, gene, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), enhancer, and pathway levels. We identified two SNPs, rs34211819TNS3 at 7p12.3 (P = 3.90 × 10-9) and rs1143149SEPT7 at 7p14.2 (P = 9.75 × 10-9), were significantly associated with survival of NSCLC patients who were long-term former smokers. Both SNPs had significant interaction effects with years of smoking cessation (rs34211819TNS3: Pinteraction = 8.0 × 10-4; rs1143149SEPT7: Pinteraction = 0.003). In addition, in silico function prediction and multi-omics analysis provided evidence that these QTLs were associated with survival. Moreover, comparison analysis found higher genetic similarity between long-term former smokers and never-smokers, compared to short-term former smokers or current smokers. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated a unique pattern among long-term former smokers that was related to immune pathways. This study provides important insights into the genetic architecture associated with long-term former smoking NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Weiwei Duan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesi Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dongfang You
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adonina Tardon
- University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Faculty of Medicine, Oviedo, 33003, Spain
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - John K Field
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology Section, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor Medical College, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology Section, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor Medical College, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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9
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Septin 9 Methylation in Nasopharyngeal Swabs: A Potential Minimally Invasive Biomarker for the Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7253531. [PMID: 32454907 PMCID: PMC7232724 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7253531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, and an unfavorable outcome is usually attributed to advanced stage NPC. Current methods for the early diagnosis of NPC have limitations in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic ability of Septin 9 methylation for NPC. A quantitative methylation-sensitive PCR (qMS-PCR) assay was developed to measure the methylation status and levels of Septin 9 in nasopharyngeal tissues and paired swabs from patients with NPC, chronic nasopharyngitis, and healthy donors. Methylated Septin 9 was detected in 92% (23/25) of NPC tissues and 25% (4/16) of nasopharyngitis controls (p < 0.05). High-frequency hypermethylation with decreased mRNA expression of Septin 9 in NPC was also identified. Further, Septin 9 methylation was identified in 90.5% (19/21) of NPC biopsies and 71.4% (15/21) of paired swabs, indicating a good concordance between the two sample types. In addition, methylated Septin 9 was found in 16 (72.7%) nasal swabs from 22 NPC patients, 2 of 19 (10.5%) nasopharyngitis, but not in any of the healthy controls (p < 0.01). The methylation score in nasal swabs of the NPC group was also significantly higher than that of non-NPC controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.882 of Septin 9 methylation tests to discriminate NPC from non-NPC subjects. Our study demonstrated that frequent methylation of Septin 9 was present in NPC. Its detection in nasopharyngeal swabs may provide a minimally invasive and informative method for identifying early NPC cases.
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10
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James NE, Cantillo E, Yano N, Chichester CO, DiSilvestro PA, Hovanesian V, Rao RSP, Kim KK, Moore RG, Ahsan N, Ribeiro JR. Septin-2 is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and mediates proliferation via regulation of cellular metabolic proteins. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2959-2972. [PMID: 31105878 PMCID: PMC6508204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is associated with dismal survival rates due to the fact that patients are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and eventually become resistant to traditional chemotherapeutics. Hence, there is a crucial need for new and innovative therapies. Septin-2, a member of the septin family of GTP binding proteins, has been characterized in EOC for the first time and represents a potential future target. Septin-2 was found to be overexpressed in serous and clear cell human patient tissue compared to benign disease. Stable septin-2 knockdown clones developed in an ovarian cancer cell line exhibited a significant decrease in proliferation rates. Comparative label-free proteomic analysis of septin-2 knockdown cells revealed differential protein expression of pathways associated with the TCA cycle, acetyl CoA, proteasome and spliceosome. Further validation of target proteins indicated that septin-2 plays a predominant role in post-transcriptional and translational modifications as well as cellular metabolism, and suggested the potential novel role of septin-2 in promoting EOC tumorigenesis through these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. James
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Evelyn Cantillo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Clinton O. Chichester
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Paul A. DiSilvestro
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - R. Shyama Prasad Rao
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Kyukwang K. Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard G. Moore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Ribeiro
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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11
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James NE, Chichester C, Ribeiro JR. Beyond the Biomarker: Understanding the Diverse Roles of Human Epididymis Protein 4 in the Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:124. [PMID: 29740539 PMCID: PMC5928211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is an important clinical biomarker used for the detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). While much is known about the predictive power of HE4 clinically, less has been reported regarding its molecular role in the progression of EOC. A deeper understanding of HE4’s mechanistic functions may help contribute to the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus far, it has been difficult to recommend HE4 as a therapeutic target owing to the fact that its role in the progression of EOC has not been extensively evaluated. This review summarizes what is collectively known about HE4 signaling and how it functions to promote tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis in EOC, with the goal of providing valuable insights that will have the potential to aide in the development of new HE4-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E James
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Clinton Chichester
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer R Ribeiro
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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12
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Zhang N, Liu L, Fan N, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zheng M, Ma L, Li Y, Shi L. The requirement of SEPT2 and SEPT7 for migration and invasion in human breast cancer via MEK/ERK activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61587-61600. [PMID: 27557506 PMCID: PMC5308674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are a novel class of GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals and have now been found to play a contributing role in a broad range of tumor types. However, their functional importance in breast cancer remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that pharmaceutical inhibition of global septin dynamics would greatly suppress proliferation, migration and invasiveness in breast cancer cell lines. We then examined the expression and subcellular distribution of the selected septins SEPT2 and SEPT7 in breast cancer cells, revealing a rather variable localization of the two proteins with cell cycle progression. To determine the role of both septins in mediating malignant behavior of cancer cells, we used RNA silencing to specifically deplete endogenous SEPT2 or SEPT7 in highly invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Our findings showed that SEPT2/7 depletion had virtually identical inhibitory effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Moreover, the opposite performance in migration and invasion was observed after enforced expression of SEPT2/7 in the same cell line. We further demonstrated MEK/ERK activation, but not other MAPKs and AKT, was positively correlated with the protein levels of SEPT2 and SEPT7. Additionally, in SEPT2/7-overexpressing cells, the MEK specific inhibitor U0126 was able to correct the high active status of MEK/ERK while normalizing the increased invasive behaviors of these cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that SEPT2 and SEPT7 are involved in breast carcinogenesis and may serve as valuable therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Ning Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Mingnan Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Lingfei Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, P.R.China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, P.R.China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R.China
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13
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Rosewick N, Durkin K, Artesi M, Marçais A, Hahaut V, Griebel P, Arsic N, Avettand-Fenoel V, Burny A, Charlier C, Hermine O, Georges M, Van den Broeke A. Cis-perturbation of cancer drivers by the HTLV-1/BLV proviruses is an early determinant of leukemogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15264. [PMID: 28534499 PMCID: PMC5457497 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukaemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infect T- and B-lymphocytes, respectively, provoking a polyclonal expansion that will evolve into an aggressive monoclonal leukaemia in ∼5% of individuals following a protracted latency period. It is generally assumed that early oncogenic changes are largely dependent on virus-encoded products, especially TAX and HBZ, while progression to acute leukaemia/lymphoma involves somatic mutations, yet that both are independent of proviral integration site that has been found to be very variable between tumours. Here, we show that HTLV-1/BLV proviruses are integrated near cancer drivers which they affect either by provirus-dependent transcription termination or as a result of viral antisense RNA-dependent cis-perturbation. The same pattern is observed at polyclonal non-malignant stages, indicating that provirus-dependent host gene perturbation contributes to the initial selection of the multiple clones characterizing the asymptomatic stage, requiring additional alterations in the clone that will evolve into full-blown leukaemia/lymphoma. Human T-cell leukaemia virus type-1 and bovine leukaemia virus infect T and B lymphocytes and lead to aggressive leukaemia. Here, the authors show these proviruses integrate near cancer drivers perturbing transcription termination or antisense RNA-dependent interaction, suggesting post-transcriptional mechanisms in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosewick
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Keith Durkin
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Maria Artesi
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Université René Descartes, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, 149-161 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75010, France
| | - Vincent Hahaut
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E3
| | - Natasa Arsic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E3
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7327, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75010, France
| | - Arsène Burny
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Carole Charlier
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Université René Descartes, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, 149-161 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75010, France.,INSERM U1163-ERL8254, Institut Imagine, 24 B Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75010, France
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Université de Liège (ULg), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B34, Liège 4000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, Brussels 1000, Belgium
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14
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Khoontawad J, Pairojkul C, Rucksaken R, Pinlaor P, Wongkham C, Yongvanit P, Pugkhem A, Jones A, Plieskatt J, Potriquet J, Bethony J, Pinlaor S, Mulvenna J. Differential Protein Expression Marks the Transition From Infection With Opisthorchis viverrini to Cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:911-923. [PMID: 28232516 PMCID: PMC5417829 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parts of Southeast Asia have the highest incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the world because of infection by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov). Ov-associated CCA is the culmination of chronic Ov-infection, with the persistent production of the growth factors and cytokines associated with persistent inflammation, which can endure for years in Ov-infected individuals prior to transitioning to CCA. Isobaric labeling and tandem mass spectrometry of liver tissue from a hamster model of CCA was used to compare protein expression profiles from inflammed tissue (Ovinfected but not cancerous) versus cancerous tissue (Ov-induced CCA). Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to verify dysregulated proteins in the animal model and in human tissue. We identified 154 dysregulated proteins that marked the transition from Ov-infection to Ov-induced CCA, i.e. proteins dysregulated during carcinogenesis but not Ov-infection. The verification of dysregulated proteins in resected liver tissue from humans with Ov-associated CCA showed the numerous parallels in protein dysregulation between human and animal models of Ov-induced CCA. To identify potential circulating markers for CCA, dysregulated proteins were compared with proteins isolated from exosomes secreted by a human CCA cell line (KKU055) and 27 proteins were identified as dysregulated in CCA and present in exosomes. These data form the basis of potential diagnostic biomarkers for human Ov-associated CCA. The profile of protein dysregulation observed during chronic Ovinfection and then in Ov-induced CCA provides insight into the etiology of an infection-induced inflammation-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinya Khoontawad
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- ¶Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, SakonNakhon Campus
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- ‖Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rucksak Rucksaken
- **Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- ‡‡Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- §§Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- §§Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ake Pugkhem
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- ¶¶Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alun Jones
- ‖‖The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jordan Plieskatt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Jeremy Potriquet
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Disease Program, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Jeffery Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- §Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Disease Program, Brisbane 4006, Australia;
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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15
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Septin cooperation with tubulin polyglutamylation contributes to cancer cell adaptation to taxanes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36063-80. [PMID: 26460824 PMCID: PMC4742162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of cancer cell adaptation to the anti-microtubule agents of the taxane family are multifaceted and still poorly understood. Here, in a model of breast cancer cells which display amplified microtubule dynamics to resist Taxol®, we provide evidence that septin filaments containing high levels of SEPT9_i1 bind to microtubules in a way that requires tubulin long chain polyglutamylation. Reciprocally, septin filaments provide a scaffold for elongating and trimming polyglutamylation enzymes to finely tune the glutamate side-chain length on microtubules to an optimal level. We also demonstrate that tubulin retyrosination and/or a high level of tyrosinated tubulin is crucial to allow the interplay between septins and polyglutamylation on microtubules and that together, these modifications result in an enhanced CLIP-170 and MCAK recruitment to microtubules. Finally, the inhibition of tubulin retyrosination, septins, tubulin long chain polyglutamylation or of both CLIP-170 and MCAK allows the restoration of cell sensitivity to taxanes, providing evidence for a new integrated mechanism of resistance.
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16
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Chen A, Xie Q, Lin Y, Xu H, Shang W, Zhang J, Zhang D, Zheng W, Li G, Wang Z. Septins are involved in nuclear division, morphogenesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 94:79-87. [PMID: 27387218 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Septins are GTP-binding proteins that regulate cell polarity, cytokinesis and cell morphogenesis. Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. In this study, we have functionally characterized the core septins, Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11 and Cdc12 in F. graminearum. The loss of FgCdc3, FgCdc11, FgCdc12, but not FgCdc10, mutants showed significant reduction in growth, conidiation and virulence. Microscopic analyses revealed that all of them were involved in septum formation and nuclear division. Moreover, disruption of septin genes resulted in morphological defects in ascospores and conidia. Interestingly, conidia produced by ΔFgcdc3, ΔFgcdc11 and ΔFgcdc12 mutants exhibited deformation with interconnecting conidia in contrast to their parent wild-type strain PH-1 and the ΔFgcdc10 mutant that produced normal conidia. Using yeast two-hybrid assays, we determined the interactions among FgCdc3, FgCdc10, FgCdc11 and FgCdc12. Taken together, our results indicate that septins play important roles in the nuclear division, morphogenesis and pathogenicity in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yahong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaijian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenjie Shang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Guangpu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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17
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Septin oligomerization regulates persistent expression of ErbB2/HER2 in gastric cancer cells. Biochem J 2016; 473:1703-18. [PMID: 27048593 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Septins are a family of cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins that assemble into membrane-associated hetero-oligomers and organize scaffolds for recruitment of cytosolic proteins or stabilization of membrane proteins. Septins have been implicated in a diverse range of cancers, including gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The hypothesis tested here is that septins contribute to cancer by stabilizing the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, an important target for cancer treatment. Septins and ErbB2 were highly over-expressed in gastric cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by MS analysis identified ErbB2 as a septin-interacting protein. Knockdown of septin-2 or cell exposure to forchlorfenuron (FCF), a well-established inhibitor of septin oligomerization, decreased surface and total levels of ErbB2. These treatments had no effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), emphasizing the specificity and functionality of the septin-ErbB2 interaction. The level of ubiquitylated ErbB2 at the plasma membrane was elevated in cells treated with FCF, which was accompanied by a decrease in co-localization of ErbB2 with septins at the membrane. Cathepsin B inhibitor, but not bafilomycin or lactacystin, prevented FCF-induced decrease in total ErbB2 by increasing accumulation of ubiquitylated ErbB2 in lysosomes. Therefore, septins protect ErbB2 from ubiquitylation, endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. The FCF-induced degradation pathway is distinct from and additive with the degradation induced by inhibiting ErbB2 chaperone Hsp90. These results identify septins as novel regulators of ErbB2 expression that contribute to the remarkable stabilization of the receptor at the plasma membrane of cancer cells and may provide a basis for the development of new ErbB2-targeting anti-cancer therapies.
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18
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Geybels MS, Alumkal JJ, Luedeke M, Rinckleb A, Zhao S, Shui IM, Bibikova M, Klotzle B, van den Brandt PA, Ostrander EA, Fan JB, Feng Z, Maier C, Stanford JL. Epigenomic profiling of prostate cancer identifies differentially methylated genes in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive versus fusion-negative tumors. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:128. [PMID: 26692910 PMCID: PMC4676897 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About half of all prostate cancers harbor the TMPRSS2:ERG (T2E) gene fusion. While T2E-positive and T2E-negative tumors represent specific molecular subtypes of prostate cancer (PCa), previous studies have not yet comprehensively investigated how these tumor subtypes differ at the epigenetic level. We therefore investigated epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiles of PCa stratified by T2E status. Results The study included 496 patients with clinically localized PCa who had a radical prostatectomy as primary treatment for PCa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) “break-apart” assays were used to determine tumor T2E-fusion status, which showed that 266 patients (53.6 %) had T2E-positive PCa. The study showed global DNA methylation differences between tumor subtypes. A large number of differentially methylated CpG sites were identified (false-discovery rate [FDR] Q-value <0.00001; n = 27,876) and DNA methylation profiles accurately distinguished between tumor T2E subgroups. A number of top-ranked differentially methylated CpGs in genes (FDR Q-values ≤1.53E−29) were identified: C3orf14, CACNA1D, GREM1, KLK10, NT5C, PDE4D, RAB40C, SEPT9, and TRIB2, several of which had a corresponding alteration in mRNA expression. These genes may have various roles in the pathogenesis of PCa, and the calcium-channel gene CACNA1D is a known ERG-target. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data provided confirmatory evidence for our findings. Conclusions This study identified substantial differences in DNA methylation profiles of T2E-positive and T2E-negative tumors, thereby providing further evidence that different underlying oncogenic pathways characterize these molecular subtypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0161-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antje Rinckleb
- Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Irene M Shui
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jian-Bing Fan
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA USA ; Present Address: AnchorDx Corp., Guangzhou, 510300 People's Republic of China
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Beatty GL, Haas AR, Maus MV, Torigian DA, Soulen MC, Plesa G, Chew A, Zhao Y, Levine BL, Albelda SM, Kalos M, June CH. Mesothelin-specific chimeric antigen receptor mRNA-engineered T cells induce anti-tumor activity in solid malignancies. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 2:112-20. [PMID: 24579088 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Off-target toxicity due to the expression of target antigens in normal tissue represents a major obstacle to the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells for treatment of solid malignancies. To circumvent this issue, we established a clinical platform for engineering T cells with transient CAR expression by using in vitro transcribed mRNA encoding a CAR that includes both the CD3-ζ and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domains. We present two case reports from ongoing trials indicating that adoptive transfer of mRNA CAR T cells that target mesothelin (CARTmeso cells) is feasible and safe without overt evidence of off-tumor on-target toxicity against normal tissues. CARTmeso cells persisted transiently within the peripheral blood after intravenous administration and migrated to primary and metastatic tumor sites. Clinical and laboratory evidence of antitumor activity was demonstrated in both patients and the CARTmeso cells elicited an antitumor immune response revealed by the development of novel anti-self antibodies. These data demonstrate the potential of utilizing mRNA engineered T cells to evaluate, in a controlled manner, potential off-tumor on-target toxicities and show that short-lived CAR T cells can induce epitope-spreading and mediate antitumor activity in patients with advanced cancer. Thus, these findings support the development of mRNA CAR-based strategies for carcinoma and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew R Haas
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Drew A Torigian
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael C Soulen
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne Chew
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yangbing Zhao
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce L Levine
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Kalos
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Renz C, Johnsson N, Gronemeyer T. An efficient protocol for the purification and labeling of entire yeast septin rods from E.coli for quantitative in vitro experimentation. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:60. [PMID: 23889817 PMCID: PMC3765318 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The detailed understanding of the functions and mechanisms of the actin and microtubuli cytoskeleton depended, besides innovative methods in live cell imaging, on the purification and labeling of its constituents. This allowed researchers to quantitatively measure filament stability, the rates of filament turnover as well as the determination of the influence of cofactors on filament formation and structure. Septins form the least understood class of cytoskeletal structures in nearly all eukaryotic cells so far examined. In yeast, they comprise a family of proteins (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, Shs1) that form a co-polymeric, ring-like structure beneath the membrane. This ring serves as a template for the formation of a new bud neck and as a landing pat for proteins involved in polar growth and cytokinesis. Further progress in investigating the mechanisms of septin-structure formation and regulation is hampered by the lack of protocols to modify homogenous samples of purified septins with useful probes for in vitro biochemical studies. Results We present a protocol for the purification and labeling of yeast septin rods. The four individual septin subunits were co-expressed in E.coli. One subunit of the septin polymer was expressed as SNAP tag fusion protein allowing for rapid and stoichiometric labeling with derivatized Benzylguanine (BG). To demonstrate the applicability of our approach, we introduced two different SNAP tag substrates: septin rods labeled with fluorescent BG compounds enabled us to monitor the formation of filaments by fluorescence microscopy whereas BG-biotin was used to couple septin rods to a sensor chip for quantitative surface plasmon resonance binding experiments. In a first application, we determined the affinity and the binding kinetics of the yeast protein Bni5 to the individually coupled septin rods. In a further application we could demonstrate that a once formed septin rod hardly exchange its subunits. Conclusions The herein introduced protocol of purifying SNAP tag modified septins from E.coli allowed us to derivatize the obtained septin rods with probes for the further in vitro characterization of this class of cytoskeletal elements. The availability of a very diverse set of SNAP tag substrates should open the way to investigate different aspects of septin biochemistry in mechanistic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Renz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Launay E, Henry C, Meyer C, Chappé C, Taque S, Boulland ML, Ben Abdelali R, Dugay F, Marschalek R, Bastard C, Fest T, Gandemer V, Belaud-Rotureau MA. MLL-SEPT5 fusion transcript in infant acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;22)(q23;q11). Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:662-7. [PMID: 23725386 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.809528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving the MLL gene at band 11q23 are the most common genetic alteration encountered in infant acute myeloid leukemia. Reciprocal translocation represents the most frequent form of MLL rearrangement. Currently, more than 60 partner genes have been identified. We report here a case of de novo acute myeloid leukemia with a t(11;22)(q23;q11) in a 23-month-old child. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study revealed that the 3'MLL segment was translocated onto the derivative chromosome 22 and the breakpoint on chromosome 22 was located in or near the SEPT5 gene at 22q11.21. Long distance inverse-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify precisely the MLL partner gene and confirmed the MLL-SEPT5 fusion transcript. Involvement of the SEPT5 gene in MLL rearrangement occurs very rarely. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular features of acute myeloid leukemia with a MLL-SEPT5 fusion gene are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Launay
- Service de Cytogénétique et de Biologie Cellulaire
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Mao H, Liu J, Shi W, Huang Q, Xu X, Ni L, Zou F, Shi J, Li D, Liu Y, Chen J. The Expression Patterns of Septin-9 After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rat Brain. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:558-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hu X, Qin A, Qian K, Shao H, Yu C, Xu W, Miao J. Analysis of protein expression profiles in the thymus of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus. Virol J 2012; 9:256. [PMID: 23116199 PMCID: PMC3545960 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated oncogenic α-herpesvirus that causes a disease characterised by T-cell lymphomas. The pathogenesis, or the nature of the interaction of the virus and the host, in the thymus are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we identified 119 differentially expressed proteins using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry from the thymuses of chickens infected with the RB1B strain of MDV. These differentially expressed proteins were found mainly at 21, 28 and 35 days post-infection. More than 20 of the differentially expressed proteins were directly associated with immunity, apoptosis, tumour development and viral infection and replication. Five of these proteins, ANXA1, MIF, NPM1, OP18 and VIM, were further confirmed using real-time PCR. The functional associations and roles in oncogenesis of these proteins are discussed. CONCLUSIONS This work provides a proteomic profiling of host responses to MDV in the thymus of chickens and further characterises proteins related to the mechanisms of MDV oncogenesis and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No,12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P,R,China
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Thavarajah R, Vidya K, Joshua E, Rao UK, Ranganathan K. Potential role of septins in oral carcinogenesis: An update and avenues for future research. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:73-8. [PMID: 22438646 PMCID: PMC3303527 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.92977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins belong to the GTPase superclass of conserved proteins and have been identified to play a role in diverse aspects of cell biology, from cytokinesis to the maintenance of cellular morphology. At least 14 septins have been identified in humans. With their complex patterns in gene expressions and interaction, it has been reported that alterations in septin expression are observed in human diseases. Although much is not known about the role of human septins in oral carcinogenesis, circumstantial evidence does indicate that it may play a major role. This review intends to summarize the basis of septin biology, with the focus being on the evidence for septin involvement in human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooban Thavarajah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Beise
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Bongiovanni L, Pirozzi F, Guidi F, Orsini M, Chiurazzi P, Bassi PF, Racioppi M. Bradeion (SEPT4) as a urinary marker of transitional cell bladder cancer: a real-time polymerase chain reaction study of gene expression. J Urol 2012; 187:2223-7. [PMID: 22503047 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated whether Bradeion/SEPT4 gene expression could be used as a potential urinary marker to diagnose bladder transitional cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2005 to 2007 we collected urine samples from 58 individuals, 17 healthy controls and 41 patients in whom bladder tumors were previously diagnosed by cystoscopy. Urine was collected from all patients before transurethral resection of bladder tumor. We performed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate Bradeion/SEPT4 transcript levels using urine sample mRNA. Statistical analysis was done with the Mann-Whitney test and ROC curves. RESULTS Pathological examination of bladder tumor specimens revealed transitional cell bladder cancer. According to the 2002 TNM classification stage was Ta in 11 patients, T1 in 18 and T2/T3 in 12. All patients had G2 or G3 tumors according to the 1973 WHO grade classification. Relative quantification analysis of Bradeion transcript showed significantly increased levels compared to controls, namely 21.85 times higher in Ta stage tumors, 7.21 times higher in T1 tumors and 4.36 times higher in grade T2/T3 tumors. We compared each tumor stage group with the control group using the Mann-Whitney test to verify the statistical significance of observed differences. The ROC curve built on the change in threshold cycle revealed that with this method we attained 92.68% sensitivity and 64.71% specificity (AUC 0.798, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Bradeion/SEPT4 transcript levels are significantly increased in patients with transitional cell bladder cancer compared to healthy controls. Our preliminary study supports the possible usefulness of Bradeion as a urinary marker of urothelial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bongiovanni
- Department of Urology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
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Kočevar N, Odreman F, Vindigni A, Grazio SF, Komel R. Proteomic analysis of gastric cancer and immunoblot validation of potential biomarkers. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1216-28. [PMID: 22468085 PMCID: PMC3309911 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i11.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To search for and validate differentially expressed proteins in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
METHODS: We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to search for differentially expressed proteins in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. A set of proteins was validated with immunoblotting.
RESULTS: We identified 30 different proteins involved in various biological processes: metabolism, development, death, response to stress, cell cycle, cell communication, transport, and cell motility. Eight proteins were chosen for further validation by immunoblotting. Our results show that gastrokine-1, 39S ribosomal protein L12 (mitochondrial precursor), plasma cell-induced resident endoplasmic reticulum protein, and glutathione S-transferase mu 3 were significantly underexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma relative to adjacent non-tumor tissue samples. On the other hand, septin-2, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N, and transaldolase were significantly overexpressed. Translationally controlled tumor protein was shown to be differentially expressed only in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia/esophageal border.
CONCLUSION: This work presents a set of possible diagnostic biomarkers, validated for the first time. It might contribute to the efforts of understanding gastric cancer carcinogenesis.
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Expression of the SEPT9_i4 isoform confers resistance to microtubule-interacting drugs. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:85-93. [PMID: 22278362 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolutionarily conserved septin family of genes encode GTP binding proteins involved in a variety of cellular functions including cytokinesis, apoptosis, membrane dynamics and vesicle trafficking. Septin proteins can form hetero-oligomeric complexes and interact with other proteins including actin and tubulin. The human SEPT9 gene on chromosome 17q25.3 has a complex genomic architecture with 18 different transcripts that can encode 15 distinct polypeptides. Two distinct transcripts with unique 5' ends (SEPT9_v4 and SEPT9_v4*) encode the same protein. In tumours the ratio of these transcripts changes with elevated levels of SEPT9_v4* mRNA, a transcript that is translated with enhanced efficiency leading to increased SEPT9_i4 protein. METHODS We have examined the effect of over-expression of SEPT9_i4 on the dynamics of microtubule polymer mass in cultured cells. RESULTS We show that the microtubule network in SEPT9_i4 over-expressing cells resists disruption by paclitaxel or cold incubation but also repolymerises tubulin more slowly after microtubule depolymerisation. Finally we show that SEPT9_i4 over-expressing cells have enhanced survival in the presence of clinically relevant microtubule acting drugs but not after treatment with DNAinteracting agents. CONCLUSIONS Given that SEPT9 over-expression is seen in diverse tumours and in particular ovarian and breast cancer, such data indicate that SEPT9_v4 expression may be clinically relevant and contribute to some forms of drug resistance.
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The septin AspB in Aspergillus nidulans forms bars and filaments and plays roles in growth emergence and conidiation. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:311-23. [PMID: 22247265 DOI: 10.1128/ec.05164-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In yeast, septins form rings at the mother-bud neck and function as diffusion barriers. In animals, septins form filaments that can colocalize with other cytoskeletal elements. In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans there are five septin genes, aspA (an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC11), aspB (an ortholog of S. cerevisiae CDC3), aspC (an ortholog of S. cerevisiae CDC12), aspD (an ortholog of S. cerevisiae CDC10), and aspE (found only in filamentous fungi). The aspB gene was previously reported to be the most highly expressed Aspergillus nidulans septin and to be essential. Using improved gene targeting techniques, we found that deletion of aspB is not lethal but results in delayed septation, increased emergence of germ tubes and branches, and greatly reduced conidiation. We also found that AspB-green fluorescent protein (GFP) localizes as rings and collars at septa, branches, and emerging layers of the conidiophore and as bars and filaments in conidia and hyphae. Bars are found in dormant and isotropically expanding conidia and in subapical nongrowing regions of hyphae and display fast movements. Filaments form as the germ tube emerges, localize to hyphal and branch tips, and display slower movements. All visible AspB-GFP structures are retained in ΔaspD and lost in ΔaspA and ΔaspC strains. Interestingly, in the ΔaspE mutant, AspB-GFP rings, bars, and filaments are visible in early growth, but AspB-GFP rods and filaments disappear after septum formation. AspE orthologs are only found in filamentous fungi, suggesting that this class of septins might be required for stability of septin bars and filaments in highly polar cells.
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Connolly D, Abdesselam I, Verdier-Pinard P, Montagna C. Septin roles in tumorigenesis. Biol Chem 2011; 392:725-38. [PMID: 21740328 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Septins are a family of cytoskeleton related proteins consisting of 14 members that associate and interact with actin and tubulin. From yeast to humans, septins maintain a conserved role in cytokinesis and they are also involved in a variety of other cellular functions including chromosome segregation, DNA repair, migration and apoptosis. Tumorigenesis entails major alterations in these processes. A substantial body of literature reveals that septins are overexpressed, downregulated or generate chimeric proteins with MLL in a plethora of solid tumors and in hematological malignancies. Thus, members of this gene family are emerging as key players in tumorigenesis. The analysis of septins during cancer initiation and progression is challenged by the presence of many family members and by their potential to produce numerous isoforms. However, the development and application of advanced technologies is allowing for a more detailed analysis of septins during tumorigenesis. Specifically, such applications have led to the establishment and validation of SEPT9 as a biomarker for the early detection of colorectal cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of septins in tumorigenesis, emphasizing their significance and supporting their use as potential biomarkers in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Connolly
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Cerveira N, Bizarro S, Teixeira MR. MLL-SEPTIN gene fusions in hematological malignancies. Biol Chem 2011; 392:713-24. [PMID: 21714766 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) locus is involved in more than 60 different rearrangements with a remarkably diverse group of fusion partners in approximately 10% of human leukemias. MLL rearrangements include chromosomal translocations, gene internal duplications, chromosome 11q deletions or inversions and MLL gene insertions into other chromosomes, or vice versa. MLL fusion partners can be classified into four distinct categories: nuclear proteins, cytoplasmatic proteins, histone acetyltransferases and septins. Five different septin genes (SEPT2, SEPT5, SEPT6, SEPT9, and SEPT11) have been identified as MLL fusion partners, giving rise to chimeric fusion proteins in which the N terminus of MLL is fused, in frame, to almost the entire open reading frame of the septin partner gene. The rearranged alleles result from heterogeneous breaks in distinct introns of both MLL and its septin fusion partner, originating distinct gene fusion variants. MLL-SEPTIN rearrangements have been repeatedly identified in de novo and therapy related myeloid neoplasia in both children and adults, and some clinicopathogenetic associations are being uncovered. The fundamental roles of septins in cytokinesis, membrane remodeling and compartmentalization can provide some clues on how abnormalities in the septin cytoskeleton and MLL deregulation could be involved in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Cerveira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
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Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with t(2;11)(q37;q23) after treatment for osteosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 203:288-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Development of a multiplex MethyLight assay for the detection of multigene methylation in human colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 202:1-10. [PMID: 20804913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In peripheral blood, cell-free methylated DNA has been reported to be a useful biomarker of noninvasive blood screening for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), including the genes ALX homeobox 4 (ALX4), septin 9 (SEPT9), or transmembrane protein with EGF-like, and two follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2). Here we report a multiplex MethyLight polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that simultaneously detected the methylation status of ALX4, SEPT9, and TMEFF2, as well as quantifying methylation level of these genes in a total of 127 fresh tissue samples and 182 peripheral blood samples from CRC patients. Using the multiplex MethyLight assay, methylated ALX4, SEPT9, and TMEFF2 occurred in 56, 78, and 75% of CRC tissue samples and in 48, 75, and 71% of peripheral blood samples from CRC patients. The sensitivities of the combined study using the three genes as biomarkers for the detection of CRC in primary tissues and peripheral blood samples were 84 and 81%, with specificities of 87 and 90%, respectively. Combining the specificity of real-time PCR, the high throughput of multiplex PCR, and the high sensitivity of multigene detection, this multiplex MethyLight PCR assay may allow for future screening programs with large-scale noninvasive blood testing for early-stage CRC.
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Saito H, Otsubo K, Kakimoto A, Komatsu N, Ohsaka A. Emergence of two unrelated clones in acute myeloid leukemia with MLL-SEPT9 fusion transcript. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 201:111-5. [PMID: 20682395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochuo Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
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Madsen CD, Sahai E. Cancer dissemination--lessons from leukocytes. Dev Cell 2010; 19:13-26. [PMID: 20643347 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can move through tissues in a variety of different ways. In some cases, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition enables cancer cells to acquire fibroblast-like migratory properties. However, it is also becoming apparent that some cancer cells move in an amoeboid way similar to leukocytes. This theme will be the focus of the review, where we will discuss the similarities and differences between the mechanisms used by cancer cells and leukocytes to cross parenchymal basement membranes, move through interstitial tissue, and enter and exit the vasculature. Further, we propose that the ability to switch between different migratory mechanisms is critical for cells to relocate from one tissue to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Madsen
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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The myriad roles of Anillin during cytokinesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:881-91. [PMID: 20732437 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anillin is a highly conserved multidomain protein that interacts with cytoskeletal components as well as their regulators. Throughout phylogeny, Anillins contribute to cytokinesis, the cell shape change that occurs at the end of meiosis and mitosis to separate a cell into daughter cells. Failed cytokinesis results in binucleation, which can lead to genomic instability. Study of Anillin in several model organisms has provided us with insight into how the cytoskeleton is coordinated to ensure that cytokinesis occurs with high fidelity. Here we review Anillin's interacting partners and the relevance of these interactions in vivo. We also discuss questions of how these interactions are coordinated, and finally provide some perspective regarding Anillin's role in cancer.
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Expression pattern of the septin gene family in acute myeloid leukemias with and without MLL-SEPT fusion genes. Leuk Res 2010; 34:615-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Amir S, Golan M, Mabjeesh NJ. Targeted knockdown of SEPT9_v1 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis of human prostate cancer cells concomitant with disruption of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:643-52. [PMID: 20407014 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor in the hypoxic response pathway. We recently identified a novel interaction between HIF-1alpha and the mammalian septin family member, septin 9 protein, isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1), a protein product of septin 9 transcript variant 1 (SEPT9_v1). Septins are a highly conserved family of GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins that are implicated in multiple cellular functions, including oncogenesis. SEPT9_i1 binds and stabilizes HIF-1alpha protein and stimulates HIF-1 transcriptional activity by preventing its RACK1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. SEPT9_i1-HIF-1 activation promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. The effect of SEPT9_v1 silencing in prostate cancer cells was studied. SEPT9_v1 stable knockdown was generated in PC-3 cells using a specific shRNA. SEPT9_v1 silencing reduced HIF-1alpha protein expression and inhibited HIF-1 transcriptional activity. SEPT9_v1 knockdown affected cell morphology, deregulated cell cycle, and decreased migration. The antiproliferative effect of shSEPT9_v1 was abolished in HIF-1alpha knockout colon cancer cells. In vivo, SEPT9_i1 depletion reduced HIF-1alpha protein expression, cellular proliferation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. These results provide new insights and validation for applying SEPT9_v1 as a potential target for antitumor therapy by interrupting the HIF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Amir
- Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Liu M, Shen S, Chen F, Yu W, Yu L. Linking the septin expression with carcinogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3601-8. [PMID: 20195767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The septin is a conserved GTP binding protein family which is involved in multiple cellular processes. Many evidences have indicated that some septins were abnormally expressed in certain kinds of tumors and the altered expressions were related to the process of carcinogenesis. To better understand the relationship between septins and cancer, we compared the expression of 14 human septin family members in 35 kinds of tumor types with their normal counterparts using the publicly available ONCOMINE microarray database. We found altered expression of most septin members in many kinds of tumors. Significantly, SEPT2, SEPT8, SEPT9, SEPT11 were consistently up-regulated, and SEPT4, SEPT10 were down-regulated in most cancer types investigated. Furthermore, the abnormal expressions were also in accordance with the tumor malignancies or prognosis of corresponding cancer patients. These findings have contributed to the view that septins may belong to a kind of cancer critical genes. More septins might act as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Santos J, Cerveira N, Correia C, Lisboa S, Pinheiro M, Torres L, Bizarro S, Vieira J, Viterbo L, Mariz JM, Teixeira MR. Coexistence of alternative MLL-SEPT9 fusion transcripts in an acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;17)(q23;q25). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 197:60-4. [PMID: 20113838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present the characterization at the RNA level of an acute myeloid leukemia with a t(11;17)(q23;q25) and a MLL rearrangement demonstrated by FISH. Molecular analysis led to the identification of two coexistent in-frame MLL-SEPT9 fusion transcripts (variants 1 and 2), presumably resulting from alternative splicing. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of the MLL-SEPT9 fusion variant 2 was 1.88 fold higher than the relative expression of MLL-SEPT9 fusion variant 1. This is the first description of a MLL-SEPT9 fusion resulting in coexistence of two alternative splicing variants, each of which previously found isolated in myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santos
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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Deng D, Liu Z, Du Y. Epigenetic alterations as cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2010; 71:125-76. [PMID: 20933128 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380864-6.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of DNA methylation and transcription of microRNAs (miRNAs) are very stable phenomena in tissues and body fluids and suitable for sensitive detection. These advantages enable us to translate some important discoveries on epigenetic oncology into biomarkers for control of cancer. A few promising epigenetic biomarkers are emerging. Clinical trials using methylated CpG islands of p16, Septin9, and MGMT as biomarkers are carried out for predication of cancer development, diagnosis, and chemosensitivity. Circulating miRNAs are promising biomarkers, too. Breakthroughs in the past decade imply that epigenetic biomarkers may be useful in reducing the burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry ofEducation), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospitaland Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, PR China
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Kozubowski L, Heitman J. Septins enforce morphogenetic events during sexual reproduction and contribute to virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 2009; 75:658-75. [PMID: 19943902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Septins are conserved, cytoskeletal GTPases that contribute to cytokinesis, exocytosis, cell surface organization and vesicle fusion by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Roles of septins in morphogenesis and virulence of a human pathogen and basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans were investigated. In contrast to a well-established paradigm in S. cerevisiae, Cdc3 and Cdc12 septin homologues are dispensable for growth in C. neoformans yeast cells at 24 degrees C but are essential at 37 degrees C. In a bilateral cross between septin mutants, cells fuse but the resulting hyphae exhibit morphological abnormalities, including lack of properly fused specialized clamp cells and failure to produce spores. Interestingly, post-mating hyphae of the septin mutants have a defect in nuclear distribution. Thus, septins are essential for the development of spores, clamp cell fusion and also play a specific role in nuclear dynamics in hyphae. In the post-mating hyphae the septins localize to discrete sites in clamp connections, to the septa and the bases of the initial emerging spores. Strains lacking CDC3 or CDC12 exhibit significantly reduced virulence in a Galleria mellonella model of infection. Thus, C. neoformans septins are vital to morphology of the hyphae and contribute to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kozubowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Xu Y, Li H, Li X, Xiao X, Qian PY. Inhibitory effects of a branched-chain fatty acid on larval settlement of the polychaete Hydroides elegans. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 11:495-504. [PMID: 19030931 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-008-9161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eleven strains of Streptomyces isolated from deep-sea sediments were screened for anti-larval settlement activity and all were active. Among those strains, Streptomyces sp. UST040711-290 was chosen for the isolation of bioactive antifouling compounds through bioassay-guided isolation procedure. A branched-chain fatty acid, 12-methyltetradecanoid acid (12-MTA) was purified, and it strongly inhibited the larval settlement of the polychaete Hydroides elegans. Streptomyces sp. UST040711-290 produced the highest yield of 12-MTA when the bacterium was cultured at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0 in a modified MGY medium. To investigate the potential antifouling mechanism of 12-MTA in the larval settlement of Hydroides elegans, the expression level of four marker genes, namely, Ran GTPase activating protein (GAP), ATP synthase (AS), NADH dehydrogenase (ND), and cell division cycle protein (CDC), was compared among the untreated larvae (the control), isobutylmethylxanthine (an effective settlement inducer), and 12-MTA-treated larvae. The 12-MTA treatment down-regulated the expression of GAP and up-regulated the expression of AS in the H. elegans larvae, but did not affect the expression of ND and CDC. This study provides the first evidence that a branched-chain fatty acid produced by a marine bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment effectively inhibited the larval settlement of the biofouling polychaete H. elegans and its effects on the expression of genes important for larval settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Biology and Coastal Marine Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR
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Hannibal MC, Ruzzo EK, Miller LR, Betz B, Buchan JG, Knutzen DM, Barnett K, Landsverk ML, Brice A, LeGuern E, Bedford HM, Worrall BB, Lovitt S, Appel SH, Andermann E, Bird TD, Chance PF. SEPT9 gene sequencing analysis reveals recurrent mutations in hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Neurology 2009; 72:1755-9. [PMID: 19451530 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a609e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder that manifests as recurrent, episodic, painful brachial neuropathies. A gene for HNA maps to chromosome 17q25.3 where mutations in SEPT9, encoding the septin-9 protein, have been identified. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and type of mutations in the SEPT9 gene in a new cohort of 42 unrelated HNA pedigrees. METHODS DNA sequencing of all exons and intron-exon boundaries for SEPT9 was carried out in an affected individual in each pedigree from our HNA cohort. Genotyping using microsatellite markers spanning the SEPT9 gene was also used to identify pedigrees with a previously reported founder haplotype. RESULTS Two missense mutations were found: c.262C>T (p.Arg88Trp) in seven HNA pedigrees and c.278C>T (p.Ser93Phe) in one HNA pedigree. Sequencing of other known exons in SEPT9 detected no additional disease-associated mutations. A founder haplotype, without defined mutations in SEPT9, was present in seven pedigrees. CONCLUSIONS We provide further evidence that mutation of the SEPT9 gene is the molecular basis of some cases of hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA). DNA sequencing of SEPT9 demonstrates a restricted set of mutations in this cohort of HNA pedigrees. Nonetheless, sequence analysis will have an important role in mutation detection in HNA. Additional techniques will be required to find SEPT9 mutations in an HNA founder haplotype and other pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 98195-6320, USA.
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McMurray MA, Thorner J. Reuse, replace, recycle. Specificity in subunit inheritance and assembly of higher-order septin structures during mitotic and meiotic division in budding yeast. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:195-203. [PMID: 19164941 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.2.7381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that form hetero-oligomeric complexes, which assemble into filaments and higher-order structures at sites of cell division and morphogenesis in eukaryotes. Dynamic changes in the organization of septin-containing structures occur concomitantly with progression through the mitotic cell cycle and during cell differentiation. Septins also undergo stage-specific post-translational modifications, which have been implicated in regulating their dynamics, in some cases via purported effects on septin turnover. In our recent study, the fate of two of the five septins expressed in mitotic cells of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was tracked using two complementary fluorescence-based methods for pulse-chase analysis. During mitotic growth, previously-made molecules of both septins (Cdc10 and Cdc12) persisted through multiple successive divisions and were incorporated equivalently with newly synthesized molecules into hetero-oligomers and higher-order structures. Similarly, in cells undergoing meiosis and the developmental program of sporulation, pre-existing copies of Cdc10 were incorporated into new structures. In marked contrast, Cdc12 was irreversibly excluded from septin complexes and replaced by another septin, Spr3. Here, we discuss the broader implications of these results and related findings with regard to how septin dynamics is coordinated with the mitotic cell cycle and in the yeast life cycle, and how these observations may relate to control of the dynamics of other complex multi-subunit assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McMurray
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California; Berkeley, California 94720-3202, USA
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DeMay BS, Meseroll RA, Occhipinti P, Gladfelter AS. Regulation of distinct septin rings in a single cell by Elm1p and Gin4p kinases. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:2311-26. [PMID: 19225152 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are conserved, GTP-binding proteins that assemble into higher order structures, including filaments and rings with varied cellular functions. Using four-dimensional quantitative fluorescence microscopy of Ashbya gossypii fungal cells, we show that septins can assemble into morphologically distinct classes of rings that vary in dimensions, intensities, and positions within a single cell. Notably, these different classes coexist and persist for extended times, similar in appearance and behavior to septins in mammalian neurons and cultured cells. We demonstrate that new septin proteins can add through time to assembled rings, indicating that septins may continue to polymerize during ring maturation. Different classes of rings do not arise from the presence or absence of specific septin subunits and ring maintenance does not require the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Instead, morphological and behavioral differences in the rings require the Elm1p and Gin4p kinases. This work demonstrates that distinct higher order septin structures form within one cell because of the action of specific kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S DeMay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Amoeboid T lymphocytes require the septin cytoskeleton for cortical integrity and persistent motility. Nat Cell Biol 2008; 11:17-26. [PMID: 19043408 PMCID: PMC3777658 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The systems that refine actomyosin forces during motility remain poorly understood. Septins assemble on the T cell cortex and are enriched at the mid-zone in filaments. Septin knockdown causes membrane blebbing, excess leading edge protrusions, and lengthening of the trailingedge uropod. The associated loss of rigidity permits motility, but cells become uncoordinated and poorly persistent. This also relieves a previously unrecognized restriction to migration through small pores. Pharmacologically rigidifying cells counteracts this effect, and relieving cytoskeletal rigidity synergizes with septin-depletion. These data suggest that septins tune actomyosin forces during motility, and likely regulate lymphocyte trafficking in confined tissues.
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Sensitive detection of colorectal cancer in peripheral blood by septin 9 DNA methylation assay. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3759. [PMID: 19018278 PMCID: PMC2582436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths despite the fact that detection of this cancer in early stages results in over 90% survival rate. Currently less than 45% of at-risk individuals in the US are screened regularly, exposing a need for better screening tests. We performed two case-control studies to validate a blood-based test that identifies methylated DNA in plasma from all stages of CRC. Methodology/Principal Findings Using a PCR assay for analysis of Septin 9 (SEPT9) hypermethylation in DNA extracted from plasma, clinical performance was optimized on 354 samples (252 CRC, 102 controls) and validated in a blinded, independent study of 309 samples (126 CRC, 183 controls). 168 polyps and 411 additional disease controls were also evaluated. Based on the training study SEPT9-based classification detected 120/252 CRCs (48%) and 7/102 controls (7%). In the test study 73/126 CRCs (58%) and 18/183 control samples (10%) were positive for SEPT9 validating the training set results. Inclusion of an additional measurement replicate increased the sensitivity of the assay in the testing set to 72% (90/125 CRCs detected) while maintaining 90% specificity (19/183 for controls). Positive rates for plasmas from the other cancers (11/96) and non-cancerous conditions (41/315) were low. The rate of polyp detection (>1 cm) was ∼20%. Conclusions/Significance Analysis of SEPT9 DNA methylation in plasma represents a straightforward, minimally invasive method to detect all stages of CRC with potential to satisfy unmet needs for increased compliance in the screening population. Further clinical testing is warranted.
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Hu Q, Nelson WJ, Spiliotis ET. Forchlorfenuron alters mammalian septin assembly, organization, and dynamics. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:29563-71. [PMID: 18713753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804962200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are filamentous GTPases that associate with cell membranes and the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in cell division and cellular morphogenesis. Septins are implicated in many human diseases including cancer and neuropathies. Small molecules that reversibly perturb septin organization and function would be valuable tools for dissecting septin functions and could be used for therapeutic treatment of septin-related diseases. Forchlorfenuron (FCF) is a plant cytokinin previously shown to disrupt septin localization in budding yeast. However, it is unknown whether FCF directly targets septins and whether it affects septin organization and functions in mammalian cells. Here, we show that FCF alters septin assembly in vitro without affecting either actin or tubulin polymerization. In live mammalian cells, FCF dampens septin dynamics and induces the assembly of abnormally large septin structures. FCF has a low level of cytotoxicity, and these effects are reversed upon FCF washout. Significantly, FCF treatment induces mitotic and cell migration defects that phenocopy the effects of septin depletion by small interfering RNA. We conclude that FCF is a promising tool to study mammalian septin organization and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicong Hu
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Ding X, Yu W, Liu M, Shen S, Chen F, Wan B, Yu L. SEPT12 interacts with SEPT6 and this interaction alters the filament structure of SEPT6 in Hela cells. BMB Rep 2008; 40:973-8. [PMID: 18047794 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.6.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are a family of conserved cytoskeletal GTPase forming heteropolymeric filamentous structure in interphase cells, however, the mechanism of assembly are largely unknown. Here we described the characterization of SEPT12, sharing closest homology to SEPT3 and SEPT9. It was revealed that subcellular localization of SEPT12 varied at interphase and mitotic phase. While SEPT12 formed filamentous structures at interphase, it was localized to the central spindle and to midbody during anaphase and cytokinesis, respectively. In addition, we found that SEPT12 can interact with SEPT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction was independent of the coiled coil domain of SEPT6. Further, co-expression of SEPT12 altered the filamentous structure of SEPT6 in Hela cells. Therefore, our result showed that the interaction between different septins may affect the septin filament structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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