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Hoffmann E, Masthoff M, Kunz WG, Seidensticker M, Bobe S, Gerwing M, Berdel WE, Schliemann C, Faber C, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric MRI for characterization of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:428-448. [PMID: 38641651 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumour biology has evolved over the past decades and cancer is now viewed as a complex ecosystem with interactions between various cellular and non-cellular components within the tumour microenvironment (TME) at multiple scales. However, morphological imaging remains the mainstay of tumour staging and assessment of response to therapy, and the characterization of the TME with non-invasive imaging has not yet entered routine clinical practice. By combining multiple MRI sequences, each providing different but complementary information about the TME, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) enables non-invasive assessment of molecular and cellular features within the TME, including their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. With an increasing number of advanced MRI techniques bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, mpMRI could ultimately guide the selection of treatment approaches, precisely tailored to each individual patient, tumour and therapeutic modality. In this Review, we describe the evolving role of mpMRI in the non-invasive characterization of the TME, outline its applications for cancer detection, staging and assessment of response to therapy, and discuss considerations and challenges for its use in future medical applications, including personalized integrated diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoffmann
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Vijayakumar BG, Ramesh D, Kumari S, Maity A, Pinnaka AK, Kannan T. Enhancing antifungal properties of chitosan by attaching isatin-piperazine-sulfonyl-acetamide pendant groups via novel imidamide linkage. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125428. [PMID: 37330090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
World health organization listed fungi as priority pathogens in 2022 to counter their adverse effects on human well-being. The use of antimicrobial biopolymers is a sustainable alternative to toxic antifungal agents. In this study, we explore chitosan as an antifungal agent by grafting a novel compound N-(4-((4-((isatinyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetamide (IS). The acetimidamide linkage of IS to chitosan herein was confirmed by 13C NMR and is a new branch in chitosan pendant group chemistry. The modified chitosan films (ISCH) were studied using thermal, tensile, and spectroscopic methods. The ISCH derivatives strongly inhibit fungal pathogens of agricultural and human importance, namely Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum, and Candida albicans. ISCH80 showed an IC50 value of 0.85 μg/ml against M. verrucaria and ISCH100 with IC50 of 1.55 μg/ml is comparable to the commercial antifungal IC50 values of Triadiamenol (3.6 μg/ml) and Trifloxystrobin (3 μg/ml). Interestingly, the ISCH series remained non-toxic up to 2000 μg/ml against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The ISCH series showed long-standing antifungal action, superior to our lowest observed antifungal IC50 values of plain chitosan and IS at 12.09 μg/ml and 3.14 μg/ml, respectively. ISCH films are thus suitable for fungal inhibition in an agricultural setting or food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepthi Ramesh
- Dept of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Sumeeta Kumari
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Akashpratim Maity
- Dept of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pinnaka
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
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3
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Gene Therapy for Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030856. [PMID: 36986717 PMCID: PMC10057434 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biological methods over the past decade has stimulated great interest in the possibility to regenerate human tissues. Advances in stem cell research, gene therapy, and tissue engineering have accelerated the technology in tissue and organ regeneration. However, despite significant progress in this area, there are still several technical issues that must be addressed, especially in the clinical use of gene therapy. The aims of gene therapy include utilising cells to produce a suitable protein, silencing over-producing proteins, and genetically modifying and repairing cell functions that may affect disease conditions. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on cell- and viral-mediated approaches, non-viral gene transfection agents are emerging as potentially safe and effective in the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Gene therapy based on viral vectors may induce pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Therefore, significant efforts are being invested in non-viral vectors to enhance their efficiency to a level comparable to the viral vector. Non-viral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene encoding, a therapeutic protein, and synthetic gene delivery systems. One possible approach to enhance non-viral vector ability or to be an alternative to viral vectors would be to use tissue engineering technology for regenerative medicine therapy. This review provides a critical view of gene therapy with a major focus on the development of regenerative medicine technologies to control the in vivo location and function of administered genes.
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4
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Rasal NK, Jagtap SV, Bhange DS. Antimicrobial and antiproliferative study of chalcone clubbed 2,
4‐dimethylpyrrole‐3‐carboxamide
derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kisan Rasal
- Department of Chemistry Baburaoji Gholap College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, India) Sangvi Pune India
| | - Sangeeta Vijay Jagtap
- Department of Chemistry Baburaoji Gholap College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, India) Sangvi Pune India
| | - Dattatraya Soma Bhange
- Department of Chemistry Baburaoji Gholap College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, India) Sangvi Pune India
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5
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Kisan Rasal N, Bhaskar Sonawane R, Vijay Jagtap S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Study of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrazole Tethered Chalcone-Pyrrole and Pyrazoline-Pyrrole Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100504. [PMID: 34409724 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study illustrates the design and synthesis of new series of 3-trifluoromethylpyrazole tethered chalcone-pyrrole and pyrazoline-pyrrole derivatives. All compounds were further screened for in vitro cytostatic activities on full NCI 60 cancer cell lines at National Cancer Institute, USA. Compounds (2E)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-{4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl}prop-2-en-1-one (5a) and (2E)-1-{3-methyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl}-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (5c) displayed significant antiproliferative activity (Growth Percentage: -77.10 and -92.13, respectively at 10 μM concentration) against the UO-31 cell lines from renal cancer and were further selected for assay at 10-fold dilutions of five different concentrations (10-4 to 10-8 M). Both compounds 5a and 5c exhibited promising antiproliferative activity (GI50 : 1.36 to 0.27 μM) against leukemia cancer cell lines HL-60 and RPMI-8226, colon cancer cell lines KM-12; breast cancer cell lines BT-549. Moreover, both compounds 5a and 5c were found to be non-cytotoxic (LC50 >100) against HL-60, RPMI-8226, and KM-12 cell lines. Remarkably, GI50 values of compounds 5a and 5c were identified as more promising than sunitinib against most cancer cell lines. In silico study of compounds 5a and 5c exemplified the desired ADME properties for drug-likeness as well as tighter interactions with VEGFR-2. Hence, compounds 5a and 5c would be good cytotoxic agents after further clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kisan Rasal
- Department of Chemistry, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune, 411 027, India, (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
| | - Rahul Bhaskar Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune, 411 027, India, (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
| | - Sangeeta Vijay Jagtap
- Department of Chemistry, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune, 411 027, India, (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
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6
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Varpe BD, Kulkarni AA, Jadhav SB, Mali AS, Jadhav SY. Isatin Hybrids and Their Pharmacological Investigations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1182-1225. [PMID: 33302835 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201209213029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is an important strategy to design molecules that can be effectively used to treat fatal diseases known to mankind. Molecular hybrids and their pharmacological investigations aided in discovering several potent isatin (Indole 2, 3 dione) derivatives with anti-HIV, antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Indole-2,3-dione and their derivatives have diverse pharmacological properties and have a prominent role in the discovery of new drugs. To understand the various approaches for designing new molecules based on isatin nucleus analysis of various pharmacophore hybrids, spacers/linkers between pharmacophores and isatin for hybridization and their biological activities are important. This review discusses the progress in developing isatin hybrids as biologically effective agents and their crucial aspects of design and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan D Varpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailaja B Jadhav
- PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil S Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravan Y Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, DBF Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur 413002, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Chen F, Shi Q, Pei F, Vogt A, Porritt RA, Garcia G, Gomez AC, Cheng MH, Schurdak ME, Liu B, Chan SY, Arumugaswami V, Stern AM, Taylor DL, Arditi M, Bahar I. A systems-level study reveals host-targeted repurposable drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10239. [PMID: 34339582 PMCID: PMC8328275 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying potential therapeutics are global imperatives. Using a quantitative systems pharmacology approach, we identified a set of repurposable and investigational drugs as potential therapeutics against COVID-19. These were deduced from the gene expression signature of SARS-CoV-2-infected A549 cells screened against Connectivity Map and prioritized by network proximity analysis with respect to disease modules in the viral-host interactome. We also identified immuno-modulating compounds aiming at suppressing hyperinflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients, based on the transcriptome of ACE2-overexpressing A549 cells. Experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected by SARS-CoV-2, as well as independent syncytia formation assays for probing ACE2/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell fusion using HEK293T and Calu-3 cells, showed that several predicted compounds had inhibitory activities. Among them, salmeterol, rottlerin, and mTOR inhibitors exhibited antiviral activities in Vero-E6 cells; imipramine, linsitinib, hexylresorcinol, ezetimibe, and brompheniramine impaired viral entry. These novel findings provide new paths for broadening the repertoire of compounds pursued as therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Chen
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qingya Shi
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fen Pei
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
- Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research CenterCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Angela C Gomez
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Mark E Schurdak
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
- Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research CenterCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
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8
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Alonso-Diez Á, Cáceres S, Peña L, Crespo B, Illera JC. Anti-Angiogenic Treatments Interact with Steroid Secretion in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Triple Negative Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3668. [PMID: 34359570 PMCID: PMC8345132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly angiogenic disease for which antiangiogenic therapy has demonstrated only a modest response, and the reason for this remains unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different antiangiogenic therapies on in vitro and in vivo steroid hormone and angiogenic growth factor production using canine and human inflammatory breast carcinoma cell lines as well as the possible involvement of sex steroid hormones in angiogenesis. IPC-366 and SUM149 cell lines and xenotransplanted mice were treated with different concentrations of VEGF, SU5416, bevacizumab and celecoxib. Steroid hormone (progesterone, dehydroepiandrostenedione, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone sulphate and 17β-oestradiol), angiogenic growth factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D) and IL-8 determinations in culture media, tumour homogenate and serum samples were assayed by EIA. In vitro, progesterone- and 17β-oestradiol-induced VEGF production promoting cell proliferation and androgens are involved in the formation of vascular-like structures. In vivo, intratumoural testosterone concentrations were augmented and possibly associated with decreased metastatic rates, whereas elevated E1SO4 concentrations could promote tumour progression after antiangiogenic therapies. In conclusion, sex steroid hormones could regulate the production of angiogenic factors. The intratumoural measurement of sex steroids and growth factors may be useful to develop preventive and individualized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Alonso-Diez
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cáceres
- Department Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peña
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Crespo
- Department Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Imano H, Kato R, Ijiri Y, Hayashi T. Activation of inflammasomes by tyrosine kinase inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor: Implications for VEGFR TKIs-induced immune related adverse events. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 71:105063. [PMID: 33271325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes tumor angiogenesis through stimulating the proliferation and survival of endothelial cells. The severe adverse events caused by VEGF inhibitors might include immune-related ones; however, details of the mechanism have not been elucidated. We tested whether axitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and sunitinib, which are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of VEGF receptor used for the therapy of renal cell carcinoma can activate inflammasomes in differentiated THP-1 cells, a human macrophage cell line. We also performed similar studies with semaxanib. In this study, semaxanib and sorafenib activated the inflammasome of differentiated THP-1 cells. Although pazopanib increased the production of IL-1β, inflammasomes were not activated because caspase-1 was not activated in differentiated THP-1 cells. Our results support the hypothesis that activation of inflammasomes contributes to the idiosyncratic reactions associated with semaxanib and sorafenib. Although pazopanib did not activate inflammasomes, it did cause increased IL-1β production, which may facilitate the induction of idiosyncratic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Imano
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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10
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Al-Salem HS, Arifuzzaman M, Alkahtani HM, Abdalla AN, Issa IS, Alqathama A, Albalawi FS, Rahman AFMM. A Series of Isatin-Hydrazones with Cytotoxic Activity and CDK2 Kinase Inhibitory Activity: A Potential Type II ATP Competitive Inhibitor. Molecules 2020; 25:E4400. [PMID: 32992673 PMCID: PMC7582667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin derivatives potentially act on various biological targets. In this article, a series of novel isatin-hydrazones were synthesized in excellent yields. Their cytotoxicity was tested against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and human ovary adenocarcinoma (A2780) cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 4j (IC50 = 1.51 ± 0.09 µM) and 4k (IC50 = 3.56 ± 0.31) showed excellent activity against MCF7, whereas compound 4e showed considerable cytotoxicity against both tested cell lines, MCF7 (IC50 = 5.46 ± 0.71 µM) and A2780 (IC50 = 18.96± 2.52 µM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealed that, halogen substituents at 2,6-position of the C-ring of isatin-hydrazones are the most potent derivatives. In-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) results demonstrated recommended drug likeness properties. Compounds 4j (IC50 = 0.245 µM) and 4k (IC50 = 0.300 µM) exhibited good inhibitory activity against the cell cycle regulator CDK2 protein kinase compared to imatinib (IC50 = 0.131 µM). A molecular docking study of 4j and 4k confirmed both compounds as type II ATP competitive inhibitors that made interactions with ATP binding pocket residues, as well as lacking interactions with active state DFG motif residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda S. Al-Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Md Arifuzzaman
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iman S. Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatemah S. Albalawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - A. F. M. Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
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11
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Nakayama J, Makinoshima H. Zebrafish-Based Screening Models for the Identification of Anti-Metastatic Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E2407. [PMID: 32455810 PMCID: PMC7287578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a leading contributor to the morbidity of cancer patients, occurs through a multi-step process: invasion, intravasation, extravasation, colonization, and metastatic tumor formation. Each process is not only promoted by cancer cells themselves but is also affected by their microenvironment. Given this complexity, drug discovery for anti-metastatic drugs must consider the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironments. The zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate animal model for in vivo high-throughput screening studies with physiological relevance to humans. This review covers the zebrafish model used to identify anti-metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 975-0052, Japan;
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 975-0052, Japan;
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research, and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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12
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Das S, Roy A, Barui AK, Alabbasi MMA, Kuncha M, Sistla R, Sreedhar B, Patra CR. Anti-angiogenic vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma and their in vivo toxicity study. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7604-7621. [PMID: 32232245 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent days, vanadium complexes and nanoparticles have received sustainable attention owing to their vast applications in different fields. In the present study, we report a facile approach for the synthesis of irregular dumbbell shaped vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles (V2O5 NPs: 30-60 nm) via the polyol-induced microwave irradiation process along with calcination. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various physico-chemical techniques (e.g. XRD, TEM, FT-IR, DLS and XPS). The cell viability assay showed that V2O5 NPs could efficiently inhibit the proliferation of different cancer cells (B16F10, A549, and PANC1), depicting their anti-proliferative activity. However, V2O5 NPs did not exert significant cytotoxicity to the normal cells (CHO, HEK-293 and NRK-49F), suggesting their biocompatible nature. Interestingly, these nanoparticles inhibited the proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells (HUVECs and EA.hy926) and disrupted the blood vasculature in a chick embryo model, indicating their anti-angiogenic properties. The mechanistic study revealed that the effective internalization of V2O5 NPs generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in turn up-regulated p53 protein and down-regulated survivin protein in cancer cells, leading to the apoptosis process. Furthermore, the administration of V2O5 NPs to melanoma bearing C57BL6/J mice significantly increased their survivability as compared to the control untreated tumor bearing mice, exhibiting the therapeutic potential of the nanoparticles against melanoma. Additionally, the in vivo toxicity study demonstrated no toxic effect in mice upon sub-chronic exposure to V2O5 NPs. Altogether, we strongly believe that V2O5 NPs could intrinsically provide a new direction for alternative therapeutic treatment strategies for melanoma and other cancers by employing their anti-angiogenic properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500007, Telangana State, India.
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13
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Li W, Zhao SJ, Gao F, Lv ZS, Tu JY, Xu Z. Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Tumor, Anti-Mycobacterial and Anti-HIV Activities of Diethylene-Glycol-Tethered Bis-Isatin Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan, Hubei P R China
| | - Shi-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei P R China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Medical Imaging; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zao-Sheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei P R China
| | - Jun-Ying Tu
- Hubei Xiaogan Senior Middle School; Xiaogan, Hubei P R China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Huanghuai University; Zhumadian, Henan P R China
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14
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O'Donnell EF, Jang HS, Pearce M, Kerkvliet NI, Kolluri SK. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for induction of p21cip1/waf1 expression and growth inhibition by SU5416 in hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25211-25225. [PMID: 28424418 PMCID: PMC5421923 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a potential clinical target for cancer and autoimmune dysfunction. Identifying selective AhR modulators that produce desirable clinical outcomes represents an opportunity for developing new anti-cancer agents. Repurposing clinically-used drugs with established safety profiles that activate the AhR represents a good starting place to pursue this goal. In this study, we characterized the AhR-dependent effects of SU5416 (Semaxanib) following its identification in a small-molecule library screen. SU5416 potently activated AhR-dependent reporter genes, induced AhR nuclear localization, facilitated AhR-DNA binding, and increased, expression of its endogenous target genes. SU5416 significantly inhibited proliferation of Hepa1 hepatoma cells in an AhR-dependent manner, but did not induce apoptosis. SU5416 also inhibited the growth of human HepG2 liver cancer cells. The effects of SU5416 correlated with an increased G1 population and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21cip1/waf1 at both the mRNA and protein level. Increased expression of p21cip1/waf1 by SU5416 required expression of both AhR and Arnt. In addition, evidence for long-term activation of the AhR in vivo by a single dose of SU5416 was identified by analyzing published microarray data. Our results provide support for continued investigation of the AhR as therapeutic for cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, our findings raise the possibility that some of the previously observed anti-proliferative effects of SU5416 may be due to activation of the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond F O'Donnell
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin Pearce
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy I Kerkvliet
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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15
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Jung HS, Han J, Shi H, Koo S, Singh H, Kim HJ, Sessler JL, Lee JY, Kim JH, Kim JS. Overcoming the Limits of Hypoxia in Photodynamic Therapy: A Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7595-7602. [PMID: 28459562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT) is avoiding PDT-induced hypoxia, which can lead to cancer recurrence and progression through activation of various angiogenic factors and significantly reduce treatment outcomes. Reported here is an acetazolamide (AZ)-conjugated BODIPY photosensitizer (AZ-BPS) designed to mitigate the effects of PDT-based hypoxia by combining the benefits of anti-angiogenesis therapy with PDT. AZ-BPS showed specific affinity to aggressive cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells) that overexpress carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). It displayed enhanced photocytotoxicity compared to a reference compound, BPS, which is an analogous PDT agent that lacks an acetazolamide unit. AZ-BPS also displayed an enhanced in vivo efficacy in a xenograft mouse tumor regrowth model relative to BPS, an effect attributed to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by both PDT-induced ROS generation and CAIX knockdown. AZ-BPS was evaluated successfully in clinical samples collected from breast cancer patients. We thus believe that the combined approach described here represents an attractive therapeutic approach to targeting CAIX-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Biotechnology, Hyupsung University , Hwasung-si 18330, Korea
| | - Hu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
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16
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Batista de Carvalho ALM, Medeiros PSC, Costa FM, Ribeiro VP, Sousa JB, Diniz C, Marques MPM. Anti-Invasive and Anti-Proliferative Synergism between Docetaxel and a Polynuclear Pd-Spermine Agent. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167218. [PMID: 27880824 PMCID: PMC5120851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is aimed at evaluating the antitumour properties of a Pd(II) dinuclear complex with the biogenic polyamine spermine, by investigating: i) the anti-angiogenic and anti-migration properties of a Pd(II) dinuclear complex with spermine (Pd2Spm); ii) the anti-proliferative activity of Pd2Spm against a triple negative human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231); and finally iii) the putative interaction mediated by combination of Pd2Spm with Docetaxel. Anti-invasive (anti-angiogenic and anti-migratory) as well as anti-proliferative capacities were assessed, for different combination schemes and drug exposure times, using the CAM assay and VEGFR2 activity measurement, the MatrigelTM method and the SRB proliferation test. The results thus obtained evidence the ability of Pd2Spm to restrict angiogenesis and cell migration: Pd2Spm induced a marked inhibition of migration (43.8±12.2%), and a higher inhibition of angiogenesis (81.8±4.4% for total length values, at 4 μM) as compared to DTX at the clinical dosage 4x10-2 μM (26.4±14.4%; n = 4 to 11). Combination of Pd2Spm/DTX was more effective as anti-invasive and anti-proliferative than DTX or Pd2Spm in sole administration, which is compatible with the occurrence of synergism: for the anti-angiogenic effect, IC50(Pd2Spm/DTX) = 0.5/0.5x10-2 μM vs IC50(DTX) = 1.7x10-2 μM and IC50(Pd2Spm) = 1.6 μM. In conclusion, the reported effects of Pd2Spm on angiogenesis, migration and proliferation showed that this compound is a promising therapeutic agent against this type of breast cancer. Moreover, combined administration of Pd2Spm and DTX was found to trigger a substantial synergetic effect regarding angiogenesis inhibition as well as anti-migratory and anti-proliferative activities reinforcing the putative use of Pd(II) complexes in chemotherapeutic regimens. This is a significant outcome, aiming at the application of these combined strategies towards metastatic breast cancer (or other type of resistant cancers), justifying further studies that include pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula S. C. Medeiros
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco M. Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa P. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria P. M. Marques
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Senwar KR, Reddy TS, Thummuri D, Sharma P, Bharghava SK, Naidu V, Shankaraiah N. Design and synthesis of 4′-O-alkylamino-tethered-benzylideneindolin-2-ones as potent cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4061-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Salem A, O'Connor JPB. Assessment of Tumor Angiogenesis: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging and Beyond. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2016; 24:45-56. [PMID: 26613875 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR imaging is used increasingly often to evaluate tumor angiogenesis and the efficacy of antiangiogenic drugs. In clinical practice DCE-MR imaging applications are largely centered on lesion detection, characterization, and localization. In research, DCE-MR imaging helps inform decision making in early-phase clinical trials by showing efficacy and by selecting dose and schedule. However, the role of these techniques in patient selection is uncertain. Future research is required to optimize existing DCE-MR imaging methods and to fully validate these biomarkers for wider use in patient care and in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salem
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - James P B O'Connor
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. james.o'
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19
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Mizugaki H, Yamamoto N, Fujiwara Y, Nokihara H, Yamada Y, Tamura T. Current Status of Single-Agent Phase I Trials in Japan: Toward Globalization. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2051-61. [PMID: 25918301 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Japan, phase I trials, except first-in-human trials, are usually initiated from approximately 50% of the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum administered dose (MAD) determined during the initial phase I trials in North America and Europe (the West). However, the key findings of phase I trials in Japan and the West, such as dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) profiles and MTD or MAD levels, have not been compared. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data for patients enrolled onto single-agent phase I trials at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1995 and 2012. DLT profiles, MTDs, and MADs of single-agent phase I trials in Japan were compared with those from trials in the West that were obtained from the literature. RESULTS A total of 777 patients were enrolled onto 54 single-agent phase I trials, including five first-in-human trials. DLTs were observed in 11.1% of the patients. Importantly, 66.4% of the DLTs were observed within a dose range (80% to 120%) similar to those reported for the trials in the West. The majority of MTDs or MADs could be considered similar between patients, and 80.3% of the drugs had similar MTDs or MADs in the West. CONCLUSION The toxicity profiles of single-agent phase I agents determined from trials conducted in Japan were comparable to those obtained from trials in the West. We believe that phase I trials in Japan could be conducted over timelines similar to those in the West, allowing for global or parallel phase I clinical trials.
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20
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Buchy E, Valetti S, Mura S, Mougin J, Troufflard C, Couvreur P, Desmaële D. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Self-Assembling Squalene Conjugates of 3-[(Pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one Anticancer Agents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in metastatic prostate cancer to the skeleton. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:418340. [PMID: 24396604 PMCID: PMC3874956 DOI: 10.1155/2013/418340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical implication and high incidence of bone and spinal metastases, the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer metastasis to bone and spine are not well understood. In this review the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer are discussed. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been shown to not only aid in the metastatic capabilities of prostate cancer but also encourage the colonization and growth of prostate tumour cells in the skeleton. The importance of VEGF in the complex process of prostate cancer dissemination to the skeleton is discussed, including its role in the development of the bone premetastatic niche, metastatic tumour cell recognition of bone, and bone remodeling. The expression of VEGF has also been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer and is associated with clinical stage, Gleason score, tumour stage, progression, metastasis, and survival. Due to the multifaceted effect VEGF has on tumour angiogenesis, tumour cell proliferation, and bone destruction, therapies targeting the VEGF pathways have shown promising clinical application and are being investigated in clinical trials.
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22
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Ermut G, Karalı N, Özsoy N, Can A. New spiroindolinones bearing 5-chlorobenzothiazole moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:457-68. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nurten Özsoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
34116 Beyazıt, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Ayşe Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
34116 Beyazıt, IstanbulTurkey
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23
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Martin LK, Bekaii-Saab T, Serna D, Monk P, Clinton SK, Grever MR, Kraut EH. A Phase I Dose Escalation and Pharmacodynamic Study of SU5416 (Semaxanib) Combined with Weekly Cisplatin and Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:657-60. [DOI: 10.1159/000355665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Kieran MW, Kalluri R, Cho YJ. The VEGF pathway in cancer and disease: responses, resistance, and the path forward. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:a006593. [PMID: 23209176 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis was proposed as a novel target for the treatment of cancer 40 years ago. Since the original hypothesis put forward by Judah Folkman in 1971, factors that mediate angiogenesis, their cellular targets, many of the pathways they signal, and inhibitors of the cytokines and receptors have been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most prominent among the angiogenic cytokines and is believed to play a central role in the process of neovascularization, both in cancer as well as other inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the biology of VEGF and its receptors, the use of anti-VEGF approaches in clinical disease, the toxicity of these therapies, and the resistance mechanisms that have limited the activity of these agents when used as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Kieran
- Department of Pediatric Medical Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Deng X, Choi HG, Buhrlage SJ, Gray NS. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 inhibitors: a patent review (2006 – 2011). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:1415-26. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.729041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Haddad JJ. The immunopharmacologic potential of Semaxanib and new generation directed therapeutic drugs: Receptor tyrosine kinase regulation with anti-tumorigenensis/angiogenesis properties. Saudi Pharm J 2012; 20:103-23. [PMID: 23960782 PMCID: PMC3744945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signaling of messages emanating from cellular membranes through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a major mechanism for intercellular communication and transduction during development and metabolism, as well as in disease-associated processes. The phosphorylation status and signaling activity of RTKs are determined by a dynamic equilibrium of the activity of both RTKs and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). RTKs are essentially a class of cell-surface receptors for growth factors and other extracellular ligands, the most conspicuous perhaps are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene family, which plays a fundamental role in the growth and differentiation of vascular, as well as lymphatic endothelial cells. In particular, VEGF is a major regulator of normal (physiologic) and abnormal (cancerous) angiogenesis, including that associated with tumors and cancer. Blockers/inhibitors and regulators of RTKs are indeed promising cancer interventions, their specific mechanisms are yet to be unraveled. In this cutting-edge synopsis, I elaborate on breakthroughs/advances and current concepts of RTK regulation, further shedding light on exploring the role of potential regulators, particularly the RTK inhibitor Semaxanib, and the mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis in an effort to understand a potentially alleviating pharmacologic therapeutic intervention. This survey also tackles the loopholes and shortcomings of the aforementioned inhibitory role of Semaxanib, especially its inefficacy and ultimate discontinuation of relevant clinical trials.
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Prakash CR, Theivendren P, Raja S. Indolin-2-Ones in Clinical Trials as Potential Kinase Inhibitors: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2012.31010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Huang Z, Mayr NA, Lo SS, Grecula JC, Wang JZ, Jia G, Yuh WT. Characterizing at-Risk Voxels by Using Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cervical Cancer during Radiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:254-259. [PMID: 23638244 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The number of voxels with low signal intensity (Low DCE voxels) might be potentially related to treatment failure, which might be associated with the tumor oxygenation status. Our goal was to investigate whether at-risk voxels can be used to predict treatment outcome during radiation therapy for cervical cancer. 80 patients with Stage IB2-IVB cervical cancer were included. Four sequential MRI scans were performed at pre-RT, every 2-2.5 weeks during RT, and post-radiotherapy. 3D volumetric data including tumor regression and tumor perfusion from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were analyzed. Based on the signal intensity (SI) curves of the DCE-MRI, the low-DCE tumor voxels was obtained for individual patients. The predictive power of low DCE voxels in predicting the treatment outcomes was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Correlation of low DCE voxels with hemoglobin (Hgb) was checked by Pearson Correlation. The actuarial local control rate and survival rate in the patient group with a small number of low DCE voxels were 89.7% and 76.9%, compared with 75.6% and 51.2% in the patient group with a big number of low DCE voxels for the MRI study #1, and 94.1% and 80.4% compared with 62.1% and 34.5% for the MRI study #2, and 95.7% and 78.7% compared with 63.6% and 42.4% for the MRI study #3, respectively. Low DCE voxels were significantly correlated with Hgb. At-risk voxels can be used to predict the outcomes and help understand tumor heterogeneity of response to RT. The Hgb level and tumor perfusion during RT influence the radioresponsiveness and survival in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Zweifel M, Padhani AR. Perfusion MRI in the early clinical development of antivascular drugs: decorations or decision making tools? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37 Suppl 1:S164-82. [PMID: 20461374 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Classically, the first step in the clinical development of drugs in oncology involves assessments of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). New paradigms are needed for antiangiogenic drugs and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) as they are active at doses well below the MTD and as single agents their use might not translate into anti-tumour efficacy. MRI is able to assess the antivascular effects of antivascular drugs via changes in functional kinetic parameters; however, the usefulness of MRI in decision making has been questioned by many. OBJECTIVES Our aim is to review the experience of using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in early clinical development of vascular directed anticancer therapies over the last decade. Thirty-nine phase I and II studies including data on more than 700 patients have been published as abstracts and/or papers, documenting DCE-MRI changes after the administration of antiangiogenic drugs and VDAs. DISCUSSION Perfusion MRI is helpful in assessing whether mechanistic goals are achieved, in assisting dose selection for phase II studies, in selecting subpopulations enriched for response and in predicting patient benefit. Imaging tools are increasingly available. Future challenges for imaging include correlation with clinical measures of efficacy and determining relationships with blood and serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zweifel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
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31
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Jonker DJ, Rosen LS, Sawyer MB, de Braud F, Wilding G, Sweeney CJ, Jayson GC, McArthur GA, Rustin G, Goss G, Kantor J, Velasquez L, Syed S, Mokliatchouk O, Feltquate DM, Kollia G, Nuyten DSA, Galbraith S. A phase I study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a dual VEGFR and FGFR inhibitor, brivanib, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:1413-1419. [PMID: 21131369 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of brivanib in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety patients enrolled in this two-part, phase I open-label study of oral brivanib alaninate. The primary objectives of this study were (in part A) dose-limiting toxicity, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the lowest biologically active dose level and (in part B) the optimal dose/dose range. The secondary objectives of this study were preliminary evidence of antitumor activity, PK and PD. RESULTS Across part A (open-label dose escalation and MTD) and part B (open-label dose optimization), 68 patients received brivanib alaninate. Brivanib demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile at doses of 180-800 mg. Most toxic effects were mild. Systemic exposure of the active moiety brivanib increased linearly ≤1000 mg/day. The MTD was 800 mg/day. Forty-four patients were treated at the MTD: 20 with 800 mg continuously, 11 with 800 mg intermittently and 13 with 400 mg b.i.d. doses. Partial responses were confirmed in two patients receiving brivanib ≥600 mg. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated statistically significant decreases in parameters reflecting tumor vascularity and permeability after multiple doses in the 800-mg continuous q.d. and 400-mg b.i.d. dose cohorts. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced/metastatic cancer, brivanib demonstrates promising antiangiogenic and antitumor activity and manageable toxicity at doses ≤800 mg orally q.d., the recommended phase II study dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Jonker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - L S Rosen
- Department of Oncology, Premiere Oncology, Santa Monica, USA
| | - M B Sawyer
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - F de Braud
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and New Drugs, Department of Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Wilding
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison
| | - C J Sweeney
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - G C Jayson
- Department of Oncology, Christie Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G A McArthur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Rustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - G Goss
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Kantor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - L Velasquez
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - S Syed
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - O Mokliatchouk
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - D M Feltquate
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - G Kollia
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - D S A Nuyten
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - S Galbraith
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
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Derleth C, Mayer IA. Antiangiogenic therapies in early-stage breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2010; 10 Suppl 1:E23-31. [PMID: 20587404 DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2010.s.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, which is crucial for the growth and spread of cancer cells, has become an important target for antineoplastic therapies in a variety of malignant tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor promote formation of new blood vessels in tumors. Several drugs, most notably the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, have been developed to inhibit this process. Clinical trials utilizing bevacizumab and other antiangiogenic drugs in metastatic breast cancer have demonstrated enhanced response rates and prolonged progression-free survival, though no overall survival benefit has been seen. Trials are now under way exploring the use of antiangiogenic agents in patients with early stage breast cancer. We performed a comprehensive review of the published literature (English language), US National Institutes of Health clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov), and established cooperative groups that revealed approximately 75 clinical trials, completed or ongoing, utilizing antiangiogenic drugs in early-stage breast cancer. A number of phase II trials in the neoadjuvant setting have reported preliminary results suggesting response rates similar to those seen with traditional anthracycline-plus-taxane combination regimens. Most of these early trials have not yet met any survival endpoints. Studies are also ongoing in the adjuvant setting, and these have not yet been reported. The toxicities associated with these agents are similar to those that have been reported in the metastatic trials. Most of these side effects are grade 1 or 2 and are easily manageable; however, there remain a small percentage of patients who sustain life-threatening vascular events, bleeding, or wound-healing complications. This number is significantly higher in patients receiving antiangiogenic drugs when compared with controls. While we eagerly await completion and results of this impressive portfolio of studies in early breast cancer with antiangiogenic agents, there is an urgent need for a more rational patient/antiangiogenic therapy selection with greater insight into predictive factors for toxicities, therapy efficacy, and clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Derleth
- Department of Medicine and Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Metz S, Ganter C, Lorenzen S, van Marwick S, Herrmann K, Lordick F, Nekolla SG, Rummeny EJ, Wester HJ, Brix G, Schwaiger M, Beer AJ. Phenotyping of Tumor Biology in Patients by Multimodality Multiparametric Imaging: Relationship of Microcirculation, αvβ3 Expression, and Glucose Metabolism. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:1691-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.077719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Murukesh N, Dive C, Jayson GC. Biomarkers of angiogenesis and their role in the development of VEGF inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:8-18. [PMID: 20010945 PMCID: PMC2813747 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been confirmed as an important therapeutic target in randomised clinical trials in multiple disease settings. However, the extent to which individual patients benefit from VEGF inhibitors is unclear. If we are to optimise the use of these drugs or develop combination regimens that build on this efficacy, it is critical to identify those patients who are likely to benefit, particularly as these agents can be toxic and are expensive. To this end, biomarkers have been evaluated in tissue, in circulation and by imaging. Consistent drug-induced increases in plasma VEGF-A and blood pressure, as well as reductions in soluble VEGF-R2 and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters have been reported. In some clinical trials, biomarker changes were statistically significant and associated with clinical end points, but there is considerable heterogeneity between studies that are to some extent attributable to methodological issues. On the basis of observations with these biomarkers, it is now appropriate to conduct detailed prospective studies to define a suite of predictive, pharmacodynamic and surrogate response biomarkers that identify those patients most likely to benefit from and monitor their response to this novel class of drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab
- Biomarkers
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Hypoxia
- Contrast Media
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/blood
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Patient Selection
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/blood
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/drug effects
- Research Design
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Murukesh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK and University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - C Dive
- Cancer Research UK and Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Paterson Institute of Cancer Research, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - G C Jayson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK and University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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Pedrosa I, Alsop DC, Rofsky NM. Magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2009; 115:2334-2345. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pedrosa
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C. Alsop
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil M. Rofsky
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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The parametric response map is an imaging biomarker for early cancer treatment outcome. Nat Med 2009; 15:572-6. [PMID: 19377487 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the parametric response map (PRM), a voxel-wise approach for image analysis and quantification of hemodynamic alterations during treatment for 44 patients with high-grade glioma. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and flow (rCBF) maps were acquired before treatment and after 1 and 3 weeks of therapy. We compared the standard approach using region-of-interest analysis for change in rCBV or rCBF to the change in perfusion parameters on the basis of PRM (PRM(rCBV) and PRM(rCBF)) for their accuracy in predicting overall survival. Neither the percentage change of rCBV or rCBF predicted survival, whereas the regional response evaluations made on the basis of PRM were highly predictive of survival. Even when accounting for baseline rCBV, which is prognostic, PRM(rCBV) proved more predictive of overall survival.
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d’Onofrio A, Cerrai P. A bi-parametric model for the tumour angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcm.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Quantitative estimation of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI parameters in rat brain gliomas using a dual surface coil system. Acad Radiol 2009; 16:341-50. [PMID: 19201363 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The study of vascular targeted cancer therapies is critically dependent on the development of noninvasive methods for assessing changes in vascular permeability and blood flow in small-animal tumor models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicoil apparatus consisting of two receive-only surface coils for observation of the rat brain and chest, a whole-body transmit-only volume coil, and the switching circuitry necessary for sharing a single receiver channel between the two surface coils was constructed for the parallel observation of left ventricular arterial input function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity kinetics in the rat brain. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed on four Fischer rats bearing intracranial 9L gliomas, and the dynamic data were evaluated using the bolus-enhanced relaxation overview (BOLERO) model yielding maps of K(trans), v(e), and tau(i) values from the tumor. RESULTS The use of the multicoil apparatus resulted in images with high signal-to-noise ratios from the rat brain and chest in parallel, with no detectable crosstalk between the surface coils. The BOLERO method accurately fit the observed data to within experimental error. Mean values of the parameters generated by the BOLERO analysis for the tumor were K(trans) = 0.023 +/- 0.014 s(-1), tau(i) = 1.3 +/- 0.6 seconds, and v(e) = 0.51. K(trans) and tau(i) values were slightly elevated in the tumor periphery, whereas v(e) was elevated in the tumor core. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the feasibility of measuring quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters in a rat brain tumor model using a multicoil apparatus. These methods might play an important role in determining the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies in small-animal models.
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Kieran MW, Supko JG, Wallace D, Fruscio R, Poussaint TY, Phillips P, Pollack I, Packer R, Boyett JM, Blaney S, Prados M, Geyer R, Friedman H, Goldman S, Kun LE, MacDonald T. Phase I study of SU5416, a small molecule inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in refractory pediatric central nervous system tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52:169-76. [PMID: 19065567 PMCID: PMC2775441 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SU5416 is a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the VEGF receptors 1 and 2. A phase I dose escalation study stratified by concurrent use (stratum II) or absence (stratum I) of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs was undertaken to estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to describe the toxicity profile of SU5416 in pediatric patients with refractory brain tumors. Dose escalations were conducted independently for stratum I starting at 110 mg/m(2) while stratum II started at 48 mg/m(2). Thirty-three eligible patients were treated on stratum I (n = 23) and stratum II (n = 10). Tumor types included 23 glial tumors, 4 neural tumors, 4 ependymomas, and 2 choroid plexus carcinomas. The MTD in stratum I was initially estimated to be 110 mg/m(2). The protocol was amended to determine the MTD after excluding transient AST elevation. Re-estimation of the MTD began at the 145 mg/m(2) dose level but due to development of SU5416 being stopped by the sponsor, the trial was closed before completion. The most serious drug-related toxicities were grade 3 liver enzyme abnormalities, arthralgia, and hallucinations. The plasma pharmacokinetics of SU5416 was not significantly affected by the concurrent administration of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs. Mean values of the total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and terminal phase half-life of SU5416 for the 19 patients in stratum I were 26.1 +/- 12.5 l/hr/m(2), 41.9 +/- 21.4 l/m(2), and 1.11 +/- 0.41 hr, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetics of SU5416 in children was similar to previously reported findings in adult cancer patients. Prolonged disease stabilization was observed in 4 of 16 stratum I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Kieran
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,To whom requests for reprints should be addressed: Mark W. Kieran, M.D., Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Room SW331, Boston, MA 02115. Phone (617) 632-4386, Fax (617) 632-4897,
| | - Jeffrey G. Supko
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Wallace
- Operations and Biostatistics Center, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Peter Phillips
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Pollack
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roger Packer
- Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James M. Boyett
- Operations and Biostatistics Center, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Susan Blaney
- Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Russ Geyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital. & Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry Friedman
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Larry E. Kun
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tobey MacDonald
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, D.C, USA
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Desar IME, van Herpen CML, van Laarhoven HWM, Barentsz JO, Oyen WJG, van der Graaf WTA. Beyond RECIST: molecular and functional imaging techniques for evaluation of response to targeted therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 35:309-21. [PMID: 19136215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies is a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. By evoking necrosis and cavitation, evaluation based on tumour size alone, as is done in the RECIST criteria, is no longer an adequate method. New molecular and functional imaging techniques are developed. This review focuses on the use of new imaging modalities for the evaluation of treatment response of pathway based targeted therapies. First, the basic principles of functional and molecular imaging modalities are briefly discussed. Thereafter, their clinical application in targeted therapies is correlated to the underlying biological mechanism. In this way, the best method for response evaluation for a new agent can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M E Desar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
There is a need for direct imaging of effects on tumor vasculature in assessment of response to antiangiogenic drugs and vascular disrupting agents. Imaging tumor vasculature depends on differences in permeability of vasculature of tumor and normal tissue, which cause changes in penetration of contrast agents. Angiogenesis imaging may be defined in terms of measurement of tumor perfusion and direct imaging of the molecules involved in angiogenesis. In addition, assessment of tumor hypoxia will give an indication of tumor vasculature. The range of imaging techniques available for these processes includes positron emission tomography (PET), dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), perfusion computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Charnley
- University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
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de Langen AJ, van den Boogaart VEM, Marcus JT, Lubberink M. Use of H2(15)O-PET and DCE-MRI to measure tumor blood flow. Oncologist 2008; 13:631-44. [PMID: 18586918 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2007-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with H2(15)O and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) provide noninvasive measurements of tumor blood flow. Both tools offer the ability to monitor the direct target of antiangiogenic treatment, and their use is increasingly being studied in trials evaluating such drugs. Antiangiogenic therapy offers great potential and, to an increasing extent, benefit for oncological patients in a variety of palliative and curative settings. Because this type of targeted therapy frequently results in consolidation of the tumor mass instead of regression, monitoring treatment response with the standard volumetric approach (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) leads to underestimation of the response rate. Monitoring direct targets of anticancer therapy might be superior to indirect size changes. In addition, measures of tumor blood flow contribute to a better understanding of tumor biology. This review shows that DCE-MRI and H2(15)O-PET provide reliable measures of tumor perfusion, provided that a certain level of standardization is applied. Heterogeneity in scan acquisition and data analysis complicates the interpretation of study results. Also, limitations inherent to both techniques must be considered when interpreting DCE-MRI and H2(15)O-PET results. This review focuses on the technical and physiological aspects of both techniques and aims to provide the essential information necessary to critically evaluate the use of DCE-MRI and H2(15)O-PET in an oncological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J de Langen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION An expanding understanding of the importance of angiogenesis in oncology and the development of numerous angiogenesis inhibitors are driving the search for biomarkers of angiogenesis. We review currently available candidate biomarkers and surrogate markers of anti-angiogenic agent effect. DISCUSSION A number of invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive tools are described with their potential benefits and limitations. Diverse markers can evaluate tumor tissue or biological fluids, or specialized imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of these markers into clinical trials may provide insight into appropriate dosing for desired biological effects, appropriate timing of additional therapy, prediction of individual response to an agent, insight into the interaction of chemotherapy and radiation following exposure to these agents, and perhaps most importantly, a better understanding of the complex nature of angiogenesis in human tumors. While many markers have potential for clinical use, it is not yet clear which marker or combination of markers will prove most useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Brown
- National Institutes of Health, Building 10/3B42, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Despite the large diffusion and rapid development of anti-VEGF therapy in clinical practice and in contrast to the consolidated evidence with imatinib and trastuzumab that demonstrated a direct correlation between pre-treatment target expression and drug activity, it is very difficult, at present, to identify validated and useful biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of these compounds and to appropriately select patients most likely to benefit from such treatments. However, emerging data suggest that this is not presently feasible for antiangiogenic drugs. Although tumoral and/or circulating VEGF levels have been associated with tumor progression and/or poor prognosis, to date, there is no validated evidence suggesting their role as potential predictive biomarkers of response to anti-VEGF therapy. Recently, many studies have documented promising results with the evaluation of circulating endothelial cells and/or progenitors, and the use of several imaging techniques, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, PET, dynamic CT scan and functional ultrasound. These preliminary data need a validation in larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Longo
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Filippo Neri' Hospital, Via Martinotti 20, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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Carden CP, Larkin JMG, Rosenthal MA. What is the risk of intracranial bleeding during anti-VEGF therapy? Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:624-30. [PMID: 18539884 PMCID: PMC2666237 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. All solid tumors are dependent on pathological angiogenesis, and anti-VEGF therapy has demonstrated clinical benefit in breast, colorectal, non-small-cell lung, and renal carcinomas. Central nervous system metastases are common in many of these tumor types. An increased risk of bleeding has been reported with anti-VEGF therapy, but the risk of intracranial bleeding is unknown with this type of therapy. We reviewed the available data to investigate the risk of intracranial bleeding with anti-VEGF therapy in the presence and absence of CNS metastases. The PubMed and Medline databases and the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meetings were searched for articles, abstracts, and presentations of clinical trials. We identified 57 trials examining the safety and efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in a total of 10,598 patients. Four trials examined the use of anti-VEGF therapy in treating patients with brain metastases. The presence of CNS metastases was a stated exclusion criterion in 76% of trials. The rate of intracranial bleeding was negligible. We conclude that there is no trial evidence that anti-VEGF therapy confers an increased risk of intracranial bleeding, even in the presence of CNS metastases. Future trials of anti-VEGF therapy should not exclude patients with controlled CNS metastases at enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P Carden
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, London, UK.
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LoRusso PM, Eder JP. Therapeutic potential of novel selective-spectrum kinase inhibitors in oncology. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:1013-28. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.7.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M LoRusso
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute/ Wayne State University, Hudson-Webber
| | - Joseph Paul Eder
- Clinical Research Discovery Medicine Oncology, AstraZeneca LP, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA ;
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Perini R, Choe R, Yodh AG, Sehgal C, Divgi CR, Rosen MA. Non-invasive assessment of tumor neovasculature: techniques and clinical applications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:615-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jackson A, O'Connor JPB, Parker GJM, Jayson GC. Imaging tumor vascular heterogeneity and angiogenesis using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3449-59. [PMID: 17575207 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the application of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in both clinical studies and early-phase trials of angiogenesis inhibitors. Emphasis is placed on how variation in image acquisition and analysis affects the meaning and use of derived variables. We then review the potential for future developments, with particular reference to the application of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the heterogeneity of tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Jackson
- Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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d'Onofrio A. Rapidly acting antitumoral antiangiogenic therapies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:031920. [PMID: 17930284 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We deal with a biophysical description of antitumor antiangiogenic therapies. In particular, by means of some simple models, we study the possible effects of the delay between the drug consumption by endothelial cells and their death on the outcome of the therapy. We have found that this time lag implies an increase in the minimal dose guaranteeing tumor eradication and, if the delay is greater than a meaningful threshold, it may preclude the total regression. These results might be of interest in better understanding the causes underlying the contradictory literature on the clinical trials of antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto d'Onofrio
- European Institute of Oncology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Via Ripamonti 435, I20141 Milano, Italy.
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Maskell L, Blanche EA, Colucci MA, Whatmore JL, Moody CJ. Synthesis and evaluation of prodrugs for anti-angiogenic pyrrolylmethylidenyl oxindoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1575-8. [PMID: 17254788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potential prodrugs of inhibitors of VEGF-induced angiogenesis have been investigated. The prodrug systems studied were the 4-nitrobenzyl, 2-nitrophenylacetyl and 3-methyl-3-(3,6-dimethylbenzo-1,4-quinon-2-yl)butanoyl groups, readily attached to acidic OH or NH groups in drug molecules, and released upon bioreductive activation. The anti-angiogenic compounds studied were the pyrrolylmethylidenyl oxindole SU5416 (semaxanib) and its novel 6-hydroxy derivative. The potentially pro-anti-angiogenic compounds were assayed for their ability to block VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECS in comparison to the free agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Maskell
- Peninsula Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
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