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Li C, Wen L, Dong J, Li L, Huang J, Yang J, Liang T, Li T, Xia Z, Chen C. Alterations in cellular metabolisms after TKI therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia in children: A review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1072806. [PMID: 36561525 PMCID: PMC9766352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lower but more aggressive in children than in adults due to different biological and host factors. After the clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) blocking BCR/ABL kinase activity, the prognosis of children with CML and Ph+ ALL has improved dramatically. Yet, off-target effects and drug tolerance will occur during the TKI treatments, contributing to treatment failure. In addition, compared to adults, children may need a longer course of TKIs therapy, causing detrimental effects on growth and development. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that drug resistance and side effects during TKI treatment may result from the cellular metabolism alterations. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the current knowledge on alterations in metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. In order to obtain better TKI treatment outcomes and avoid side effects, it is essential to understand how the TKIs affect cellular metabolism. Hence, we also discuss the relevance of cellular metabolism in TKIs therapy to provide ideas for better use of TKIs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmou Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luping Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lindi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Chun Chen,
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Kumar V, Singh P, Gupta SK, Ali V, Jyotirmayee, Verma M. Alterations in cellular metabolisms after Imatinib therapy: a review. Med Oncol 2022; 39:95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Póvoa VMO, Delafiori J, Dias-Audibert FL, de Oliveira AN, Lopes ABP, de Paula EV, Pagnano KBB, Catharino RR. Metabolic shift of chronic myeloid leukemia patients under imatinib-pioglitazone regimen and discontinuation. Med Oncol 2021; 38:100. [PMID: 34302533 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Estudo de Descontinuação de Imatinibe após Pioglitazona (EDI-PIO) is a single-center, longitudinal, prospective, phase 2, non-randomized, open, clinical trial (NCT02852486, August 2, 2016 retrospectively registered) for the discontinuation of imatinib after concomitant use of pioglitazone, being the first of its kind in a Brazilian population with chronic myeloid leukemia. Due to remaining of leukemic quiescent cells that are not affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, it has been suggested the use of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, together with imatinib as a strategy for the maintenance of deep molecular response. The clinical benefit to this association is still controversial, and the metabolic alteration along this process remains unclear. Therefore, we applied a metabolomic protocol using high-resolution mass spectrometry to profile plasmatic metabolic response of a prospective cohort of ten individuals under discontinuation of imatinib and pioglitazone protocol. By comparing patients under pioglitazone and imatinib treatment with imatinib monotherapy and discontinuation phase, we were able to annotate 41 and 36 metabolites, respectively. The metabolic alterations observed during imatinib-pioglitazone combined therapy are associated with an extensive lipid remodeling, with activation of β-oxidation pathway, in addition to the presence of markers that suggest mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria Mariane Oliveira Póvoa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Luísa Dias-Audibert
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Arthur Noin de Oliveira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Aldo-keto reductase inhibitors increase the anticancer effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:1-8. [PMID: 34294359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely utilized in clinical practice to treat carcinomas, but secondary tumor resistance during chronic treatment can be problematic. AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily are highly expressed in cancer cells and are believed to be involved in drug resistance. The aim of this study was to understand how TKI treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells changes their glucose metabolism and if inhibition of AKRs can sensitize CML cells to TKIs. K562 cells were treated with the TKIs imatinib, nilotinib, or bosutinib, and the effects on glucose metabolism, cell death, glutathione levels, and AKR levels were assessed. To assess glucose dependence, cells were cultured in normal and low-glucose media. Pretreatment with AKR inhibitors, including epalrestat, were used to determine AKR-dependence. Treatment with TKIs increased intracellular glucose, AKR1B1/10 levels, glutathione oxidation, and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, but with minimal cell death. These effects were dependent on intracellular glucose accumulation. Pretreatment with epalrestat, or a selective inhibitor of AKR1B10, exacerbated TKI-induced cell death, suggesting that especially AKR1B10 was involved in protection against TKIs. Thus, by disrupting cell protective mechanisms, AKR inhibitors may render CML more susceptible to TKI treatments.
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5
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Chemoresistant Cancer Cells and the Potential Significance of Metabolic Regulation in the Reversal of Cancer Chemoresistance. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070289. [PMID: 32708822 PMCID: PMC7408410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of tumors. Alterations of cellular metabolism not only contribute to tumor development, but also mediate the resistance of tumor cells to antitumor drugs. The metabolic response of tumor cells to various chemotherapy drugs can be analyzed by metabolomics. Although cancer cells have experienced metabolic reprogramming, the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells has been further modified. Metabolic adaptations of drug resistant cells to chemotherapeutics involve redox, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, glycolysis, polyamine synthesis and so on. The proposed metabolic mechanisms of drug resistance include the increase of glucose and glutamine demand, active pathways of glutaminolysis and glycolysis, promotion of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway, adaptive mitochondrial reprogramming, activation of fatty acid oxidation, and up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase for polyamine production. Several genes are associated with metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance. Intervening regulatory points described above or targeting key genes in several important metabolic pathways may restore cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. This paper reviews the metabolic changes of tumor cells during the development of chemoresistance and discusses the potential of reversing chemoresistance by metabolic regulation.
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Lyn regulates creatine uptake in an imatinib-resistant CML cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129507. [PMID: 31881245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) due to its remarkable hematologic and cytogenetic responses. We previously demonstrated that the imatinib-resistant CML cells (Myl-R) contained elevated Lyn activity and intracellular creatine pools compared to imatinib-sensitive Myl cells. METHODS Stable isotope metabolic labeling, media creatine depletion, and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor experiments were performed to investigate the origin of creatine pools in Myl-R cells. Inhibition and shRNA knockdown were performed to investigate the specific role of Lyn in regulating the Na+/K+-ATPase and creatine uptake. RESULTS Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (ouabain, digitoxin), depletion of extracellular creatine or inhibition of Lyn kinase (ponatinib, dasatinib), demonstrated that enhanced creatine accumulation in Myl-R cells was dependent on uptake from the growth media. Creatine uptake was independent of the Na+/creatine symporter (SLC6A8) expression or de novo synthesis. Western blot analyses showed that phosphorylation of the Na+/K+-ATPase on Tyr 10 (Y10), a known regulatory phosphorylation site, correlated with Lyn activity. Overexpression of Lyn in HEK293 cells increased Y10 phosphorylation (pY10) of the Na+/K+-ATPase, whereas Lyn inhibition or shRNA knockdown reduced Na+/K+-ATPase pY10 and decreased creatine accumulation in Myl-R cells. Consistent with enhanced uptake in Myl-R cells, cyclocreatine (Ccr), a cytotoxic creatine analog, caused significant loss of viability in Myl-R compared to Myl cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Lyn can affect creatine uptake through Lyn-dependent phosphorylation and regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These studies identify kinase regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase as pivotal in regulating creatine uptake and energy metabolism in cells.
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7
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Dhar D, Raina K, Kant R, Wempe MF, Serkova NJ, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Bitter melon juice-intake modulates glucose metabolism and lactate efflux in tumors in its efficacy against pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1164-1176. [PMID: 31194859 PMCID: PMC7384253 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The established role of bitter melon juice (BMJ), a natural product, in activating master metabolic regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in pancreatic cancer (PanC) cells served as a basis for pursuing deeper investigation into the underlying metabolic alterations leading to BMJ efficacy in PanC. We investigated the comparative metabolic profiles of PanC cells with differential KRAS mutational status on BMJ exposure. Specifically, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and in vivo imaging platforms to understand the relevance of altered metabolism in PanC management by BMJ. Multinuclear NMR metabolomics was performed, as a function of time, post-BMJ treatment followed by partial least square discriminant analysis assessments on the quantitative metabolic data sets to visualize the treatment group clustering; altered glucose uptake, lactate export and energy state were identified as the key components responsible for cell death induction. We next employed PANC1 xenograft model for assessing in vivo BMJ efficacy against PanC. Positron emission tomography ([18FDG]-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging on PANC1 tumor-bearing animals reiterated the in vitro results, with BMJ-associated significant changes in tumor volumes, tumor cellularity and glucose uptake. Additional studies in BMJ-treated PanC cells and xenografts displayed a strong decrease in the expression of glucose and lactate transporters GLUT1 and MCT4, respectively, supporting their role in metabolic changes by BMJ. Collectively, these results highlight BMJ-induced modification in PanC metabolomics phenotype and establish primarily lactate efflux and glucose metabolism, specifically GLUT1 and MCT4 transporters, as the potential metabolic targets underlying BMJ efficacy in PanC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, Animal Imaging Shared Resources, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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Yan Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu D, Wu X, Xu C, Chen C, Li Z. The effects of jolkinolide B on HepG2 cells as revealed by 1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 842:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Imatinib reduces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese mice by targeting inflammatory and lipogenic pathways in macrophages and liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15331. [PMID: 30333571 PMCID: PMC6193017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as key players in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to assess whether pharmacological attenuation of macrophages can be achieved by imatinib, an anti-leukemia drug with known anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, and how this impacts on NAFLD. We analyzed the pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression of murine macrophages and human monocytes in vitro in the presence or absence of imatinib. In a time-resolved study, we characterized metabolic disease manifestations such as hepatic steatosis, systemic and adipose tissue inflammation as well as lipid and glucose metabolism in obese mice at one and three months of imatinib treatment. Our results showed that imatinib lowered pro-inflammatory markers in murine macrophages and human monocytes in vitro. In obese mice, imatinib reduced TNFα-gene expression in peritoneal and liver macrophages and systemic lipid levels at one month. This was followed by decreased hepatic steatosis, systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and increased insulin sensitivity after three months. As the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) links lipid metabolism to the innate immune response, we assessed the gene expression of SREBPs and their target genes, which was indeed downregulated in the liver and partially in peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, targeting both inflammatory and lipogenic pathways in macrophages and liver as shown by imatinib could represent an attractive novel therapeutic strategy for patients with NAFLD.
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10
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Response of Cisplatin Resistant Skov-3 Cells to [Pt( O,O'-Acac)(γ-Acac)(DMS)] Treatment Revealed by a Metabolomic ¹H-NMR Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092301. [PMID: 30205612 PMCID: PMC6225129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel [Pt(O,O′-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)], Ptac2S, Pt(II) complex has recently gained increasing attention as a potential anticancer agent for its pharmacological activity shown in different tumor cell lines, studied both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of Ptac2S, operating on non-genomic targets, is known to be very different from that of cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], cisplatin, targeting nucleic acids. In this work, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Ptac2S on the cisplatin resistant Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC), SKOV-3 cells, by the MTT assay. A 1H-NMR metabolomic approach coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was used for the first time for Ptac2S to figure out the biological mechanisms of action of the complex. The metabolic variations of intracellular metabolites and the composition of the corresponding extracellular culture media were compared to those of cisplatin (cells were treated at the IC50 doses of both drugs). The reported comparative metabolomic analysis revealed a very different metabolic profile between Ptac2S and cisplatin treated samples, thus confirming the different mechanism of action of Ptac2S also in the Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC), SKOV-3 cells line. In particular, higher levels of pyruvate were observed in Ptac2S treated, with respect to cisplatin treated, cells (in both aqueous and culture media). In addition, a very different lipid expression resulted after the exposure to the two drugs (Ptac2S and cisplatin). These results suggest a possible explanation for the Ptac2S ability to circumvent cisplatin resistance in SKOV-3 cells.
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11
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Yang B, Wang C, Xie Y, Xu L, Wu X, Wu D. Monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapeutic responses with a panel of metabolic biomarkers in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:777-784. [PMID: 29316075 PMCID: PMC5834806 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential biomarkers associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), reveal the metabolite changes related to the continuous phases of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and find the potential biomarkers associated with treatment effects. Fifty‐two patients with CML and 26 matched healthy people were enrolled as the discovery set. Another 194 randomly selected CML patients treated with TKI were chosen as the external validation set. Plasma samples from the patients and controls were profiled using the gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabonomic approach. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were combined to select the differential metabolic features. The gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics showed a clear clustering and separation of metabolic patterns from healthy controls and pre‐ and post‐TKI treatment CML patients in the discovery set. We identified 9 metabolites that differentiated CML patients from healthy controls, including lactic acid, isoleucine, glycerol, glycine, myristic acid, d‐sorbitol, d‐galactose, d‐glucose, and myo‐inositol. Among the 9 markers, glycerol and myristic acid had the most significant association with TKI treatment effects in both discovery and external validation sets. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the combination of glycerol and myristic acid showed a better discrimination performance compared to a single biomarker. The results indicated that metabolic profiling has the potential for diagnosis of CML and the panel of biomarkers including myristic acid and glycerol could be useful in monitoring TKI therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Liangjing Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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12
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Hirao T, Yamaguchi M, Kikuya M, Chibana H, Ito K, Aoki S. Altered intracellular signaling by imatinib increases the anti-cancer effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:121-131. [PMID: 29121435 PMCID: PMC5765287 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), including imatinib (IM), improve the outcome of CML therapy. However, TKI treatment is long‐term and can induce resistance to TKI, which often leads to a poor clinical outcome in CML patients. Here, we examined the effect of continuous IM exposure on intracellular energy metabolism in K562 cells, a human Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML cell line, and its subsequent sensitivity to anti‐cancer agents. Contrary to our expectations, we found that continuous IM exposure increased sensitivity to TKI. Cancer energy metabolism, characterized by abnormal glycolysis, is linked to cancer cell survival. Interestingly, glycolytic activity was suppressed by continuous exposure to IM, and autophagy increased to maintain cell viability by compensating for glycolytic suppression. Notably, increased sensitivity to TKI was not caused by glycolytic inhibition but by altered intracellular signaling, causing glycolytic suppression and increased autophagy, as evidenced by suppression of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Using another human CML cell line (KCL22 cells) and BCR/ABL+ Ba/F3 cells (mimicking Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML cells) confirmed that suppressing S6K1 and activating AMPK increased sensitivity to TKI. Furthermore, suppressing S6K1 and activating AMPK had a synergistic anti‐cancer effect by inhibiting autophagy in the presence of TKI. The present study provides new insight into the importance of signaling pathways that affect cellular energy metabolism, and suggests that co‐treatment with agents that disrupt energy metabolic signaling (using S6K1 suppressors and AMPK activators) plus blockade of autophagy may be strategies for TKI‐based CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirao
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Kikuya
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Puchades-Carrasco L, Pineda-Lucena A. Metabolomics Applications in Precision Medicine: An Oncological Perspective. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:2740-2751. [PMID: 28685691 PMCID: PMC5652075 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170707120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer therapy remains limited by the conventional one-size-fits-all approach. In this context, treatment decisions are based on the clinical stage of disease but fail to ascertain the individual´s underlying biology and its role in driving malignancy. The identification of better therapies for cancer treatment is thus limited by the lack of sufficient data regarding the characterization of specific biochemical signatures associated with each particular cancer patient or group of patients. Metabolomics approaches promise a better understanding of cancer, a disease characterized by significant alterations in bioenergetic metabolism, by identifying changes in the pattern of metabolite expression in addition to changes in the concentration of individual metabolites as well as alterations in biochemical pathways. These approaches hold the potential of identifying novel biomarkers with different clinical applications, including the development of more specific diagnostic methods based on the characterization of metabolic subtypes, the monitoring of currently used cancer therapeutics to evaluate the response and the prognostic outcome with a given therapy, and the evaluation of the mechanisms involved in disease relapse and drug resistance. This review discusses metabolomics applications in different oncological processes underlining the potential of this omics approach to further advance the implementation of precision medicine in the oncology area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Puchades-Carrasco
- Joint Research Unit in Clinical Metabolomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia. Spain
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14
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Jeong S, Eskandari R, Park SM, Alvarez J, Tee SS, Weissleder R, Kharas MG, Lee H, Keshari KR. Real-time quantitative analysis of metabolic flux in live cells using a hyperpolarized micromagnetic resonance spectrometer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700341. [PMID: 28630930 PMCID: PMC5473678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is widely considered a hallmark of cancer, and understanding metabolic dynamics described by the conversion rates or "fluxes" of metabolites can shed light onto biological processes of tumorigenesis and response to therapy. For real-time analysis of metabolic flux in intact cells or organisms, magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and imaging methods have been developed in conjunction with hyperpolarization of nuclear spins. These approaches enable noninvasive monitoring of tumor progression and treatment efficacy and are being tested in multiple clinical trials. However, because of their limited sensitivity, these methods require a larger number of cells, on the order of 107, which is impractical for analyzing scant target cells or mass-limited samples. We present a new technology platform, a hyperpolarized micromagnetic resonance spectrometer (HMRS), that achieves real-time, 103-fold more sensitive metabolic analysis on live cells. This platform enables quantification of the metabolic flux in a wide range of cell types, including leukemia stem cells, without significant changes in viability, which allows downstream molecular analyses in tandem. It also enables rapid assessment of metabolic changes by a given drug, which may direct therapeutic choices in patients. We further advanced this platform for high-throughput analysis of hyperpolarized molecules by integrating a three-dimensionally printed microfluidic system. The HMRS platform holds promise as a sensitive method for studying metabolic dynamics in mass-limited samples, including primary cancer cells, providing novel therapeutic targets and an enhanced understanding of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael G. Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Serkova NJ, Eckhardt SG. Metabolic Imaging to Assess Treatment Response to Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Agents. Front Oncol 2016; 6:152. [PMID: 27471678 PMCID: PMC4946377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents were considered the basis of anticancer treatment for patients with metastatic tumors. A decrease in tumor burden, assessed by volumetric computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), was considered as a radiological response to cytotoxic chemotherapies. In addition to RECIST-based dimensional measurements, a metabolic response to cytotoxic drugs can be assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) using (18)F-fluoro-thymidine (FLT) as a radioactive tracer for drug-disrupted DNA synthesis. The decreased (18)FLT-PET uptake is often seen concurrently with increased apparent diffusion coefficients by diffusion-weighted imaging due to chemotherapy-induced changes in tumor cellularity. Recently, the discovery of molecular origins of tumorogenesis led to the introduction of novel signal transduction inhibitors (STIs). STIs are targeted cytostatic agents; their effect is based on a specific biological inhibition with no immediate cell death. As such, tumor size is not anymore a sensitive end point for a treatment response to STIs; novel physiological imaging end points are desirable. For receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as modulators of the downstream signaling pathways, an almost immediate inhibition in glycolytic activity (the Warburg effect) and phospholipid turnover (the Kennedy pathway) has been seen by metabolic imaging in the first 24 h of treatment. The quantitative imaging end points by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and metabolic PET (including 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose, FDG, and total choline) provide an early treatment response to targeted STIs, before a reduction in tumor burden can be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Serkova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Integration of Mitochondrial Targeting for Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:283145. [PMID: 26713093 PMCID: PMC4680051 DOI: 10.1155/2015/283145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism greatly influences cancer cell survival, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to many anticancer drugs. Furthermore, molecular-targeted therapies (e.g., oncogenic kinase inhibitors) create a dependence of surviving cells on mitochondrial metabolism. For these reasons, inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism represents promising therapeutic pathways in cancer. This review provides an overview of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer and discusses the limitations of mitochondrial inhibition for cancer treatment. Finally, we present preclinical evidence that mitochondrial inhibition could be associated with oncogenic “drivers” inhibitors, which may lead to innovative drug combinations for improving the efficacy of molecular-targeted therapy.
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17
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Toxic Markers of Matrine Determined Using (1) H-NMR-Based Metabolomics in Cultured Cells In Vitro and Rats In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:598412. [PMID: 26413125 PMCID: PMC4568042 DOI: 10.1155/2015/598412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrine is one of the main bioactive alkaloids of Sophora flavescens Aiton, which has been widely used to treat various diseases in China. These diseases include viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmia, skin diseases, and tumors. However, matrine is also the main toxic compound of this herb, and the available biomarkers are not reliable in detecting or quantifying matrine risk. Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to identify early toxicity biomarkers that are specific indicators of damage to biosystems. This study aimed to find the potential biomarkers of the matrine-induced toxic effects in rats and HepG2 cells. The toxicological effects of rats induced by matrine could be derived from the elevated taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide levels and the depletion in hippurate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, and succinate in the urine. Cell metabolomics revealed that the levels of alanine, choline, glutathione, lactate, phosphocholine, and cholesterol showed dose-dependent decreases, whereas the levels of taurine, fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid showed dose-dependent increases. Overall, a significant perturbation of metabolites in response to high dose of matrine was observed both in vivo and in vitro, and the selected metabolites particularly represent an attractive marker for matrine-induced toxicity.
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18
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Blasiak J, Hoser G, Bialkowska-Warzecha J, Pawlowska E, Skorski T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Repair in BCR-ABL1 Cells Resistant to Imatinib. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:334-42. [PMID: 26309809 PMCID: PMC4509616 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib revolutionized the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but the resistance to it became an emerging problem. We reported previously that CML cells expressing the BCR/ABL1 fusion gene, accumulated a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to deregulated mitochondrial electron transport chain, which in turn led to genomic instability, resulting in imatinib resistance. In the present work, we hypothesize that imatinib-resistant cells may show higher instability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) than their sensitive counterparts. To verify this hypothesis, we checked the ROS level and mtDNA damage and repair in model CML cells sensitive and resistant to imatinib and exposed to doxorubicin (DOX), a DNA-damaging agent. The extent of endogenous ROS in imatinib-resistant cells was higher than in their sensitive counterparts and DOX potentiated this relationship. ROS level in cells with primary resistance, which resulted from the T315I mutation in BCR/ABL1, was higher than in cells with acquired resistance. DOX-induced mtDNA damage in T315I imatinib-resistant cells was more pronounced than in imatinib-sensitive cells. All kinds of cells were repairing mtDNA damage with similar kinetics. In conclusion, imatinib-resistant cells can show increased instability of mtDNA, which can result from increased ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytobiology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education , Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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19
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Lamego I, Duarte IF, Marques MPM, Gil AM. Metabolic markers of MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line response to doxorubicin and methotrexate treatment: comparison to cisplatin. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:6033-45. [PMID: 25382592 DOI: 10.1021/pr500907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A high resolution magic angle spinning NMR metabolomics study of the effects of doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (cDDP) on MG-63 cells is presented and unveils the cellular metabolic adaptations to these drugs, often used together in clinical protocols. Although cDDP-treated cells were confirmed to undergo extensive membrane degradation accompanied by increased neutral lipids, DOX- and MTX-treated cells showed no lipids increase and different phospholipid signatures, which suggests that (i) DOX induces significant membrane degradation, decreased membrane synthesis, and apparent inhibition of de novo lipid synthesis, and (ii) MTX induces decreased membrane synthesis, while no membrane disruption or de novo lipid synthesis seem to occur. Nucleotide signatures were in apparent agreement with the different drug action mechanisms, a link having been found between UDP-GlcNAc and the active pathways of membrane degradation and energy metabolism, for cDDP and DOX, with a relation to oxidative state and DNA degradation, for cDDP. Correlation studies unveiled drug-specific antioxidative signatures, which pinpointed m- and s-inositols, taurine, glutamate/glutamine, and possibly creatine as important in glutathione metabolism. These results illustrate the ability of NMR metabolomics to measure cellular responses to different drugs, a first step toward understanding drug synergism and the definition of new biomarkers of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Lamego
- CICECO-Departmento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Canonical and new generation anticancer drugs also target energy metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1327-50. [PMID: 24792321 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made for the development of new anticancer drugs (protein kinase or proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal humanized antibodies) with presumably low or negligible side effects and high specificity. However, an in-depth analysis of the side effects of several currently used canonical (platin-based drugs, taxanes, anthracyclines, etoposides, antimetabolites) and new generation anticancer drugs as the first line of clinical treatment reveals significant perturbation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Canonical and new generation drug side effects include decreased (1) intracellular ATP levels, (2) glycolytic/mitochondrial enzyme/transporter activities and/or (3) mitochondrial electrical membrane potentials. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effects of these drugs are markedly attenuated in tumor rho (0) cells, in which functional mitochondria are absent; in addition, several anticancer drugs directly interact with isolated mitochondria affecting their functions. Therefore, several anticancer drugs also target the energy metabolism, and hence, the documented inhibitory effect of anticancer drugs on cancer growth should also be linked to the blocking of ATP supply pathways. These often overlooked effects of canonical and new generation anticancer drugs emphasize the role of energy metabolism in maintaining cancer cells viable and its targeting as a complementary and successful strategy for cancer treatment.
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21
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Harris T, Degani H, Frydman L. Hyperpolarized 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in living breast cancer cell cultures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1831-43. [PMID: 24115045 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) gives NMR the sensitivity to follow metabolic processes in living systems with high temporal resolution. In this article, we apply dissolution DNP to study the metabolism of hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose in living, perfused human breast cancer cells. Spectrally selective pulses were used to maximize the signal of the main product, lactate, whilst preserving the glucose polarization; in this way, both C1-lactate and C3-lactate could be observed with high temporal resolution. The production of lactate by T47D breast cancer cells can be characterized by Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, with K(m) = 3.5 ± 1.5 mM and V(max) = 34 ± 4 fmol/cell/min. The high sensitivity of this method also allowed us to observe and quantify the glycolytic intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. Even with the enhanced DNP signal, many other glycolytic intermediates could not be detected directly. Nevertheless, by applying saturation transfer methods, the glycolytic intermediates glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate could be observed indirectly. This method shows great promise for the elucidation of the distinctive metabolism and metabolic control of cancer cells, suggesting multiple ways whereby hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose NMR could aid in the diagnosis and characterization of cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Harris
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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22
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Duarte IF, Ladeirinha AF, Lamego I, Gil AM, Carvalho L, Carreira IM, Melo JB. Potential Markers of Cisplatin Treatment Response Unveiled by NMR Metabolomics of Human Lung Cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4242-51. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400335k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. F. Duarte
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A. F. Ladeirinha
- Laboratory
of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Lamego
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A. M. Gil
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - L. Carvalho
- University Hospitals of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute
of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. M. Carreira
- Laboratory
of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. B. Melo
- Laboratory
of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Teng FF, Meng X, Sun XD, Yu JM. New strategy for monitoring targeted therapy: molecular imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3703-13. [PMID: 24124361 PMCID: PMC3794840 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is becoming an increasingly important component in the treatment of cancer. How to accurately monitor targeted therapy has been crucial in clinical practice. The traditional approach to monitor treatment through imaging has relied on assessing the change of tumor size by refined World Health Organization criteria, or more recently, by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. However, these criteria, which are based on the change of tumor size, show some limitations for evaluating targeted therapy. Currently, genetic alterations are identified with prognostic as well as predictive potential concerning the use of molecularly targeted drugs. Conversely, considering the limitations of invasiveness and the issue of expression heterogeneity, molecular imaging is better able to assay in vivo biologic processes noninvasively and quantitatively, and has been a particularly attractive tool for monitoring treatment in clinical cancer practice. This review focuses on the applications of different kinds of molecular imaging including positron emission tomography-, magnetic resonance imaging-, ultrasonography-, and computed tomography-based imaging strategies on monitoring targeted therapy. In addition, the key challenges of molecular imaging are addressed to successfully translate these promising techniques in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Teng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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24
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Glowacki S, Synowiec E, Blasiak J. The role of mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in the resistance of BCR/ABL-expressing cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16348-64. [PMID: 23965958 PMCID: PMC3759915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy that arises from the transformation of stem hematopoietic cells by the fusion oncogene BCR/ABL and subsequent clonal expansion of BCR/ABL-positive progenitor leukemic cells. The BCR/ABL protein displays a constitutively increased tyrosine kinase activity that alters many regulatory pathways, leading to uncontrolled growth, impaired differentiation and increased resistance to apoptosis featured by leukemic cells. Current CML therapy is based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), primarily imatinib, which induce apoptosis in leukemic cells. However, some patients show primary resistance to TKIs while others develop it in the course of therapy. In both cases, resistance may be underlined by perturbations in apoptotic signaling in leukemic cells. As mitochondria may play an important role in such signaling, alteration in mitochondrial metabolism may change resistance to pro-apoptotic action of TKIs in BCR/ABL-positive cells. Because BCR/ABL may induce reactive oxygen species and unfaithful DNA repair, it may affect the stability of mitochondrial DNA, influencing mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and in this way change the sensitivity of CML cells to TKIs. Moreover, cancer cells, including BCR/ABL-positive cells, show an increased level of glucose metabolism, resulting from the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis to supply ATP for extensive proliferation. Enhanced level of glycolysis may be associated with TKI resistance and requires change in the expression of several genes regulated mostly by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α. Such regulation may be associated with the impaired mitochondrial respiratory system in CML cells. In summary, mitochondria and mitochondria-associated molecules and pathways may be attractive targets to overcome TKI resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Glowacki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland; E-Mails: (S.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland; E-Mails: (S.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland; E-Mails: (S.G.); (E.S.)
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25
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Raina K, Agarwal C, Wadhwa R, Serkova NJ, Agarwal R. Energy deprivation by silibinin in colorectal cancer cells: a double-edged sword targeting both apoptotic and autophagic machineries. Autophagy 2013; 9:697-713. [PMID: 23445752 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules with the potential to initiate different types of programmed cell death could be useful 'adjunct therapy' where current anticancer modalities fail to generate significant activity due to a defective apoptotic machinery or resistance of cancer cells to the specific death mechanism induced by that treatment. The current study identified silibinin, for the first time, as one such natural agent, having dual efficacy against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. First, silibinin rapidly induced oxidative stress in CRC SW480 cells due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with a concomitant dissipation of mitchondrial potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release leading to mild apoptosis as a biological effect. However, with increased exposure to silibinin, cytoplasmic vacuolization intensified within the cells followed by sequestration of the organelles, which inhibits the further release of cytochrome c. Interestingly, this decrease in apoptotic response correlated with increased autophagic events as evidenced by tracking the dynamics of LC3-II within the cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that silibinin strongly inhibited PIK3CA-AKT-MTOR but activated MAP2K1/2-MAPK1/3 pathways for its biological effects. Corroborating these effects, endoplasmic reticulum stress was generated and glucose uptake inhibition as well as energy restriction were induced by silibinin, thus, mimicking starvation-like conditions. Further, the cellular damage to tumor cells by silibinin was severe and irreparable due to sustained interference in essential cellular processes such as mitochondrial metabolism, phospholipid and protein synthesis, suggesting that silibinin harbors a deadly 'double-edged sword' against CRC cells thereby further advocating its clinical effectiveness against this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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26
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Liu SL, Chen G, Zhao YP, Wu WM, Zhang TP. Optimized dose of imatinib for treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a meta-analysis. J Dig Dis 2013; 14:16-21. [PMID: 23121684 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of standard-dose versus high-dose imatinib. METHODS After a systematic review of English language articles, five studies including 2008 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis. Data extracted from each study were synthesized into overall odds ratios (OR). RESULTS The overall OR for the high dose vs standard dose was 1.19 (95% CI 1.00-1.42) and the Z-score for the overall effect was 1.93 (P = 0.054), suggesting that high-dose imatinib added no survival benefits. The dose-related toxicity was also assessed in the same way. The rates of rash, hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting and taste disturbance increased as dose increased (P < 0.05), whereas the incidence of headache, abdominal pain, edema, fatigue, anemia, infection, muscle cramp and constipation was nearly identical and showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib at a standard dose produces a similar effect to that at a high dose. The severity of the toxicity is associated with the dose of imatinib. However, larger and randomized studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Long Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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27
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Raina K, Ravichandran K, Rajamanickam S, Huber KM, Serkova NJ, Agarwal R. Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits tumor growth, vascularity, and metabolism in TRAMP mice: a multiparametric magnetic resonance study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 6:40-50. [PMID: 23213071 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, employing anatomical and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated noninvasively, the in vivo, chemopreventive efficacy of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), a major constituent of high-fiber diets, against prostate tumor growth and progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Male TRAMP mice, beginning at 4 weeks of age, were fed with 1%, 2%, or 4% (w/v) IP6 in drinking water or only drinking water till 28 weeks of age and monitored using MRI over the course of study. Longitudinal assessment of prostate volumes by conventional MRI and tumor vascularity by gadolinium-based DCE-MRI showed a profound reduction in tumor size, partly due to antiangiogenic effects by IP6 treatment. As potential mechanisms of IP6 efficacy, decrease in the expression of glucose transporter GLUT-4 protein together with an increase in levels of phospho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK(Th172)) were observed in prostate tissues of mice from IP6 fed-groups, suggesting that IP6 is interfering with the metabolic events occurring in TRAMP prostate. Investigative metabolomics study using quantitative high-resolution (1)H-NMR on prostate tissue extracts showed that IP6 significantly decreased glucose metabolism and membrane phospholipid synthesis, in addition to causing an increase in myoinositol levels in the prostate. Together, these findings show that oral IP6 supplement blocks growth and angiogenesis of prostate cancer in the TRAMP model in conjunction with metabolic events involved in tumor sustenance. This results in energy deprivation within the tumor, suggesting a practical and translational potential of IP6 treatment in suppressing growth and progression of prostate cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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28
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Baker LCJ, Boult JKR, Walker-Samuel S, Chung YL, Jamin Y, Ashcroft M, Robinson SP. The HIF-pathway inhibitor NSC-134754 induces metabolic changes and anti-tumour activity while maintaining vascular function. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1638-47. [PMID: 22498643 PMCID: PMC3349173 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates the transcriptional response to hypoxic stress, promoting tumour progression and survival. This study investigated the acute effects of the small-molecule HIF-pathway inhibitor NSC-134754. Methods: Human PC-3LN5 prostate cancer cells were treated with NSC-134754 for 24 h in hypoxia. Orthotopic prostate tumour-bearing mice were treated with a single dose of NSC-134754 for 6, 24 or 48 h. Treatment response was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Ex-vivo histological validation of imaging findings was also sought. Results: In vitro, NSC-134754 significantly reduced lactate production and glucose uptake (P<0.05), while significantly increasing intracellular glucose (P<0.01) and glutamine uptake/metabolism (P<0.05). Increased glutamine metabolism was independent of c-Myc, a factor also downregulated by NSC-134754. In vivo, a significantly higher tumour apparent diffusion coefficient was determined 24 h post-treatment (P<0.05), with significantly higher tumour necrosis after 48 h (P<0.05). NSC-134754-treated tumours revealed lower expression of HIF-1α and glucose transporter-1, at 6 and 24 h respectively, while a transient increase in tumour hypoxia was observed after 24 h. Vessel perfusion/flow and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were unchanged with treatment. Conclusion: NSC-134754 induces metabolic alterations in vitro and early anti-tumour activity in vivo, independent of changes in vascular function. Our data support the further evaluation of NSC-134754 as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C J Baker
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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Kluza J, Jendoubi M, Ballot C, Dammak A, Jonneaux A, Idziorek T, Joha S, Dauphin V, Malet-Martino M, Balayssac S, Maboudou P, Briand G, Formstecher P, Quesnel B, Marchetti P. Exploiting mitochondrial dysfunction for effective elimination of imatinib-resistant leukemic cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21924. [PMID: 21789194 PMCID: PMC3138741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges today concern chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients resistant to imatinib. There is growing evidence that imatinib-resistant leukemic cells present abnormal glucose metabolism but the impact on mitochondria has been neglected. Our work aimed to better understand and exploit the metabolic alterations of imatinib-resistant leukemic cells. Imatinib-resistant cells presented high glycolysis as compared to sensitive cells. Consistently, expression of key glycolytic enzymes, at least partly mediated by HIF-1α, was modified in imatinib-resistant cells suggesting that imatinib-resistant cells uncouple glycolytic flux from pyruvate oxidation. Interestingly, mitochondria of imatinib-resistant cells exhibited accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates, increased NADH and low oxygen consumption. These mitochondrial alterations due to the partial failure of ETC were further confirmed in leukemic cells isolated from some imatinib-resistant CML patients. As a consequence, mitochondria generated more ROS than those of imatinib-sensitive cells. This, in turn, resulted in increased death of imatinib-resistant leukemic cells following in vitro or in vivo treatment with the pro-oxidants, PEITC and Trisenox, in a syngeneic mouse tumor model. Conversely, inhibition of glycolysis caused derepression of respiration leading to lower cellular ROS. In conclusion, these findings indicate that imatinib-resistant leukemic cells have an unexpected mitochondrial dysfunction that could be exploited for selective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Kluza
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Manel Jendoubi
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Ballot
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Abir Dammak
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Jonneaux
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- Equipe 3 UMR 837 and Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sami Joha
- Equipe 3 UMR 837 and Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Dauphin
- Equipe 3 UMR 837 and Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Malet-Martino
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, UMR CNRS 5068 Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Balayssac
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, UMR CNRS 5068 Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Maboudou
- Centre de Bio-Pathologie, Plate-forme de Biothérapie, et Banque de Tissus, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Gilbert Briand
- Centre de Bio-Pathologie, Plate-forme de Biothérapie, et Banque de Tissus, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Formstecher
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Equipe 3 UMR 837 and Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- Equipe 4 UMR 837 Inserm, Université de Lille II, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
- Centre de Bio-Pathologie, Plate-forme de Biothérapie, et Banque de Tissus, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Glunde K, Jiang L, Moestue SA, Gribbestad IS. MRS and MRSI guidance in molecular medicine: targeting and monitoring of choline and glucose metabolism in cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:673-90. [PMID: 21793073 PMCID: PMC3146026 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
MRS and MRSI are valuable tools for the detection of metabolic changes in tumors. The currently emerging era of molecular medicine, which is shaped by molecularly targeted anticancer therapies combined with molecular imaging of the effects of such therapies, requires powerful imaging technologies that are able to detect molecular information. MRS and MRSI are such technologies that are able to detect metabolites arising from glucose and choline metabolism in noninvasive in vivo settings and at higher resolution in tissue samples. The roles played by MRS and MRSI in the diagnosis of different types of cancer, as well as in the early monitoring of the tumor response to traditional chemotherapies, are reviewed. The emerging roles of MRS and MRSI in the development and detection of novel targeted anticancer therapies that target oncogenic signaling pathways or markers in choline or glucose metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siver A. Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid S. Gribbestad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
The adaptability and the genomic plasticity of cancer cells, and the interaction between the tumor microenvironment and co-opted stromal cells, coupled with the ability of cancer cells to colonize distant organs, contribute to the frequent intractability of cancer. It is becoming increasingly evident that personalized molecular targeting is necessary for the successful treatment of this multifaceted and complex disease. Noninvasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are filling several important niches in this era of targeted molecular medicine, in applications that span from bench to bedside. In this review we focus on noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and their roles in future personalized medicine in cancer. Diagnosis, the identification of the most effective treatment, monitoring treatment delivery, and response to treatment are some of the broad areas into which MRS techniques can be integrated to improve treatment outcomes. The development of novel probes for molecular imaging--in combination with a slew of functional imaging capabilities--makes MRS techniques, especially in combination with other imaging modalities, valuable in cancer drug discovery and basic cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Klawitter J, Klawitter J, Gurshtein J, Corby K, Fong S, Tagliaferri M, Quattrochi L, Cohen I, Shtivelman E, Christians U. Bezielle (BZL101)-induced oxidative stress damage followed by redistribution of metabolic fluxes in breast cancer cells: A combined proteomic and metabolomic study. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2945-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
The detailed knowledge of mammalian cell metabolism and its adjustments to different cell properties and perturbations, such as disease and drug exposure, is of enormous value in the deeper understanding of pathological processes and drug mechanisms, as well as in the development of new and improved methods for diagnosis, follow-up of disease progression and treatment response. This review covers recent developments in the use of NMR-based metabonomics to characterize cellular metabolomes and interpret them in terms of metabolic changes taking place in a wide range of situations. The analytical methodology available is briefly presented and the applications developed so far are reviewed. These include differences in cell properties (e.g., drug resistance, cell cycle stage, specific growth conditions and genetic characteristics) and changes induced in response to different perturbations (e.g., disease, drug exposure and irradiation).
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Apostolopoulos DJ, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Hohenberger P, Roumia S, Strauss LG. Parametric images via dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic data acquisition in predicting midterm outcome of liver metastases secondary to gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:1212-23. [PMID: 21400009 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) may underestimate viable tumour tissue in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) treated with molecular targeted agents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of parametric images generated after dynamic data acquisition for the detection of active liver metastases. METHODS The analysis included 65 dynamic FDG PET studies in 34 patients with liver metastases from GIST who were treated with imatinib or sunitinib. Parametric images of intercept and slope were calculated by dedicated software using a voxel-based linear regression of time-activity data. Intercept images represent the tracer's distribution volume and the slope its overall metabolic turnover. All images were assessed visually and semi-quantitatively. Liver disease status was established 12 months after each PET study. Dichotomous variables of visual interpretation and various quantitative parameters were entered in a statistical model of linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS Visual analysis of slope images was more sensitive than the standard 1-h FDG uptake evaluation (70.6 vs 51.0%, p = 0.016) in detecting cases with liver disease progression (n = 51). Specificity did not differ. Combination of all variables in the discriminant analysis model correctly classified 87.7% of cases as progressive or non-progressive disease. Sensitivity was raised to 88.2%. CONCLUSION Parametric images of intercept and slope add a new dimension to the interpretation of FDG PET studies, by isolating visually and quantifying the perfusion and phosphorylation-dependent part of tracer uptake. In treated GIST patients, integration of this information with the 1-h uptake data achieves better characterization of hepatic lesions with respect to disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris J Apostolopoulos
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Triba MN, Starzec A, Bouchemal N, Guenin E, Perret GY, Le Moyec L. Metabolomic profiling with NMR discriminates between biphosphonate and doxorubicin effects on B16 melanoma cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:1009-1016. [PMID: 20963798 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The metabolomic profiles of B16 melanoma cells were investigated in vitro with high resolution-magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and OPLS multivariate statistical analyse. We compared the profiles for untreated melanoma B16-F10 cells and Ca(2+) chelating EGTA, doxorubicin or BP7033 bisphosphonate treated cells. The two last molecules are known to induce anti-proliferative effects by different mechanisms of action in cells. Untreated and EGTA treated cells had similar profiles and were considered together as control cells. Several spectral regions could discriminate control from doxorubicin as well as BP7033 treated cells. Doxorubicin and BP7033 displayed distinct metabolic profiles. Important changes in neutral lipids and inositol were related to doxorubicin activity whereas BP7033 affected essentially phospholipids and alanine/lactate metabolism. These results provide new putative targets for both drugs. Metabolomics by NMR is shown here to be a good tool for the investigation of the mechanisms of action of drugs in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Triba
- Universités Paris 13 and Paris 6, Bobigny, France
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36
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Mason EF, Rathmell JC. Cell metabolism: an essential link between cell growth and apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:645-54. [PMID: 20816705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor-stimulated or cancerous cells require sufficient nutrients to meet the metabolic demands of cell growth and division. If nutrients are insufficient, metabolic checkpoints are triggered that lead to cell cycle arrest and the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade through a process dependent on the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Given the connections between metabolism and apoptosis, the notion of targeting metabolism to induce cell death in cancer cells has recently garnered much attention. However, the signaling pathways by which metabolic stresses induce apoptosis have not as of yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the best approach to this promising therapeutic avenue remains unclear. This review will discuss the intricate links between metabolism, growth, and intrinsic apoptosis and will consider ways in which manipulation of metabolism might be exploited to promote apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Mason
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Dewar BJ, Keshari K, Jeffries R, Dzeja P, Graves LM, Macdonald JM. Metabolic assessment of a novel chronic myelogenous leukemic cell line and an imatinib resistant subline by H NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics 2010; 6:439-450. [PMID: 20676217 PMCID: PMC2899017 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-010-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine metabolic differences between a novel chronic myelogenous leukemic (CML) cell line, MyL, and a sub-clone, MyL-R, which displays enhanced resistance to the targeted Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out on cell extracts and conditioned media from each cell type. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and specific metabolite identification and quantification were used to examine metabolic differences between the cell types. MyL cells showed enhanced glucose removal from the media compared to MyL-R cells with significant differences in production rates of the glycolytic end-products, lactate and alanine. Interestingly, the total intracellular creatine pool (creatine + phosphocreatine) was significantly elevated in MyL-R compared to MyL cells. We further demonstrated that the MyL-R cells converted the creatine to phosphocreatine using non-invasive monitoring of perfused alginate-encapsulated MyL-R and MyL cells by in vivo (31)P NMR spectroscopy and subsequent HPLC analysis of extracts. Our data demonstrated a clear difference in the metabolite profiles of drug-resistant and sensitive cells, with the biggest difference being an elevation of creatine metabolites in the imatinib-resistant MyL-R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Dewar
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7575, 152 MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575 USA
| | - Kayvan Keshari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7575, 152 MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575 USA
| | - Rex Jeffries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7575, 152 MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575 USA
| | - Petras Dzeja
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology, and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7575, 152 MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575 USA
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38
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Glunde K, Artemov D, Penet MF, Jacobs MA, Bhujwalla ZM. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in metabolic and molecular imaging and diagnosis of cancer. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3043-59. [PMID: 20384323 DOI: 10.1021/cr9004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- JHU ICMIC Program, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Čuperlović-Culf M, Barnett DA, Culf AS, Chute I. Cell culture metabolomics: applications and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:610-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Klawitter J, Gottschalk S, Hainz C, Leibfritz D, Christians U, Serkova NJ. Immunosuppressant neurotoxicity in rat brain models: oxidative stress and cellular metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:608-19. [PMID: 20148532 DOI: 10.1021/tx900351q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coadministration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine (CsA) and the mTOR inhibitors sirolimus (SRL) or everolimus (RAD) increases the efficacy of immunosuppression after organ transplantation. Neurotoxicity of CsA is a major clinical problem. Our goal was to assess the effects of CsA, SRL, and RAD on brain cell metabolism. The studies included the comparison of immunosuppressant-mediated effects on glucose metabolism, energy production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in perfused rat brain slices, primary rat astrocytes, and C6 glioma cells. In brain slices and astrocytes, CsA inhibited Krebs cycle metabolism, while activating anaerobic glycolysis, most likely to compensate for the inhibition of mitochondrial energy production. SRL and RAD inhibited cytosolic glycolysis but did not cause changes in mitochondrial energy production. CsA + SRL inhibited Krebs cycle and glycolysis, thus reducing the ability of the cell to compensate for the negative effects of CsA on mitochondrial nucleoside triphosphate synthesis. In contrast to SRL at the concentrations tested, RAD reduced the CsA-induced ROS formation and antagonized CsA-induced effects on glucose and energy metabolism. Surprisingly, in C6 cells, SRL and RAD exposure resulted in high ROS concentrations without significant impairment of cell metabolism. Our results suggested that SRL enhances CsA-induced ROS formation and negative metabolic effects in brain cells, while RAD seems to antagonize the CsA effects. However, the three models showed different metabolic responses when challenged with the study drugs. In contrast to SRL, RAD enhances ROS formation in C6 glioma cells but has only minor effects on normal rat brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Clinical Research & Development, Department of Anesthesiology, and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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Gronchi A, Blay JY, Trent JC. The role of high-dose imatinib in the management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer 2010; 116:1847-58. [PMID: 20166214 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
After an era of few treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), imatinib has emerged as the standard of care and first-line treatment for these patients. Although imatinib was initially approved at the doses of 400 and 600 mg daily, results from clinical studies established 400 mg daily as the standard initial dose for the majority of advanced GIST patients. Nevertheless, the use of high-dose imatinib (800 mg daily) has been shown to benefit patients with advanced or metastatic GIST that progresses on the standard-dose, and has been recommended in this setting by the major management guidelines in Europe and the United States. Results from the Meta-GIST meta-analysis showed that patients whose GIST harbors a KIT exon 9 mutation garner a longer progression-free survival time when treated initially with high-dose imatinib (800 mg daily) compared with those patients with KIT exon 11 or no mutations. Thus, the use of high-dose imatinib is recommended by the clinical practice guidelines in these 2 specific clinical situations. In addition, clinicians should weigh the clinical benefit of administering high-dose imatinib against the associated toxicities, as well as the proper management of dose-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, National Institute for the Study of a Cure for Tumors, Milan, Italy
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Misiak M, Beyer C, Arnold S. Gender-specific role of mitochondria in the vulnerability of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated mesencephalic neurons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1178-88. [PMID: 20416276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Morbus Parkinson, exhibit a gender-dependency showing a higher incidence in men than women. Most of the neurodegenerative disorders involve either causally or consequently a dysfunction of mitochondria. Therefore, neuronal mitochondria may demonstrate a gender-specificity with respect to structural and functional characteristics of these organelles during toxic and degenerative processes. The application of 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) in vitro and in vivo represents a well-accepted experimental model of Parkinson's disease causing Parkinsonian symptoms. Besides the known effects of 6-OHDA on mitochondria and neuronal survivability, we aimed to demonstrate that the mitochondrial neurotoxin affects the morphology and survival of primary dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalon in a gender-specific manner by influencing the transcription of mitochondrial genes, ATP and reactive oxygen species production. Our data suggest that cell death in response to 6-OHDA is primarily caused due to increased oxidative stress which is more pronounced in male than in female mesencephalic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Misiak
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Klawitter J, Shokati T, Moll V, Christians U, Klawitter J. Effects of lovastatin on breast cancer cells: a proteo-metabonomic study. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R16. [PMID: 20205716 PMCID: PMC2879560 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs with pleiotropic activities including inhibition of isoprenylation and reduction of signals driving cell proliferation and survival responses. METHODS In this study we evaluated the effects of lovastatin acid and lactone on breast cancer MDAMB231 and MDAMB468 cells using a combination of proteomic and metabonomic profiling techniques. RESULTS Lovastatin inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. MDAMB231 cells were more sensitive to its effects, and in most cases lovastatin acid showed more potency towards the manipulation of protein expression than lovastatin lactone. Increased expression of Rho inhibitor GDI-2 stabilized the non-active Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) leading to a decreased expression of its active, membrane-bound form. Its downstream targets cofilin, CDC42 and G3BP1 are members of the GTPase family affected by lovastatin. Our data indicated that lovastatin modulated the E2F1-pathway through the regulation of expression of prohibitin and retinoblastoma (Rb). This subsequently leads to changes of E2F-downstream targets minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) and MutS homolog 2 (MSH2). Lovastatin also regulated the AKT-signaling pathway. Increased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and decreased DJ-1 expression lead to a down-regulation of the active pAkt. Lovastatin's involvement in the AKT-signaling pathway was confirmed by an upregulation of its downstream target, tumor progressor NDRG1. Metabolic consequences to lovastatin exposure included suppression of glycolytic and Krebs cycle activity, and lipid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of proteomics and metabonomics enabled us to identify several key targets essential to the antitumor activity of lovastatin. Our results imply that lovastatin has the potential to reduce the growth of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research and Development, University of Colorado-Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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