1
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Rahman MK, Umashankar B, Choucair H, Bourget K, Rawling T, Murray M. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway promotes MDA-MB-231 cell survival and renewal in response to the aryl-ureido fatty acid CTU. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 171:106571. [PMID: 38608921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited to toxic drug combinations of low efficacy. We recently identified an aryl-substituted fatty acid analogue, termed CTU, that effectively killed TNBC cells in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo without producing toxicity. However, there was a residual cell population that survived treatment. The present study evaluated the mechanisms that underlie survival and renewal in CTU-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. RNA-seq profiling identified several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that were activated in treated cells. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis. Increased self-renewal was confirmed using the non-adherent, in vitro colony-forming mammosphere assay. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition suppressed the self-renewal of MDA-MB-231 cells post-CTU treatment. IPA network analysis identified major NF-κB and XBP1 gene networks that were activated by CTU; chemical inhibitors of these pathways and esiRNA knock-down decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. NF-κB and XBP1 signaling was in turn activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), which mediates the unfolded protein response. Co-treatment with an inhibitor of IRE1 kinase and RNase activities, decreased phospho-NF-κB and XBP1s expression and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Further, IRE1 inhibition also enhanced apoptotic cell death and prevented the activation of self-renewal by CTU. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the IRE1 ER-stress pathway is activated by the anti-cancer lipid analogue CTU, which then activates secondary self-renewal in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khalilur Rahman
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Balasubrahmanyam Umashankar
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hassan Choucair
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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2
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Arya GC, Khalid M, Mehla S, Jakhmola V. A review of synthetic strategy, SAR, docking, simulation studies, and mechanism of action of isoxazole derivatives as anticancer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4909-4935. [PMID: 37315986 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a global health concern and the leading cause of cancerous death among women across the world, BC has been characterized by fresh lump in the breast or underarm (armpit), thickened or swollen. Worldwide estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018-2019. Numerous drugs have been approved by FDA for BC treatment but showed numerous adverse effects like bioavailability issues, selectivity issues, and toxicity issues. Therefore, there is an immediate need to develop new molecules that are non-toxic and more efficient for treating cancer. Isoxazole derivatives have gained popularity over the few years due to their effective antitumor potential. These derivatives work against cancer by inhibiting the thymidylate enzyme, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tubulin polymerization, protein kinase inhibition, and aromatase inhibition. In this study, we have concentrated on the isoxazole derivative with structure-activity relationship study, various synthesis techniques, mechanism of action, docking, and simulation studies pertaining to BC receptors. Hence the development of isoxazole derivatives with improved therapeutic efficacy will inspire further progress in improving human health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra Arya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shefali Mehla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vikash Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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3
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Yuan S, She D, Jiang S, Deng N, Peng J, Ma L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and therapeutic strategies in metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Mol Med 2024; 30:40. [PMID: 38509524 PMCID: PMC10956371 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), due to genetic determinants and extrinsic environmental factors, leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). As ER stress ensues, the unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising three signaling pathways-inositol-requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 promptly activates to enhance the ER's protein-folding capacity and restore ER homeostasis. However, prolonged ER stress levels propels the UPR towards cellular demise and the subsequent inflammatory cascade, contributing to the development of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. Notably, increased expression of all three UPR signaling pathways has been observed in these pathologies, and reduction in signaling molecule expression correlates with decreased proliferation of disease-associated target cells. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress-related interventions have attracted significant research interest. In this review, we elucidate the critical role of ER stress in cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases, offering novel therapeutic approaches for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangming Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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Davodabadi F, Sajjadi SF, Sarhadi M, Mirghasemi S, Nadali Hezaveh M, Khosravi S, Kamali Andani M, Cordani M, Basiri M, Ghavami S. Cancer chemotherapy resistance: Mechanisms and recent breakthrough in targeted drug delivery. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176013. [PMID: 37633322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy, one of the most widely used cancer treatment methods, has serious side effects, and usually results in cancer treatment failure. Drug resistance is one of the primary reasons for this failure. The most significant drawbacks of systemic chemotherapy are rapid clearance from the circulation, the drug's low concentration in the tumor site, and considerable adverse effects outside the tumor. Several ways have been developed to boost neoplasm treatment efficacy and overcome medication resistance. In recent years, targeted drug delivery has become an essential therapeutic application. As more mechanisms of tumor treatment resistance are discovered, nanoparticles (NPs) are designed to target these pathways. Therefore, understanding the limitations and challenges of this technology is critical for nanocarrier evaluation. Nano-drugs have been increasingly employed in medicine, incorporating therapeutic applications for more precise and effective tumor diagnosis, therapy, and targeting. Many benefits of NP-based drug delivery systems in cancer treatment have been proven, including good pharmacokinetics, tumor cell-specific targeting, decreased side effects, and lessened drug resistance. As more mechanisms of tumor treatment resistance are discovered, NPs are designed to target these pathways. At the moment, this innovative technology has the potential to bring fresh insights into cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the limitations and challenges of this technology is critical for nanocarrier evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Sajjadi
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Mirghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Nadali Hezaveh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Samin Khosravi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Kamali Andani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Medicine, Rolna 43, 40-555. Katowice, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.
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Zare H, Bakherad H, Nasr Esfahani A, Norouzi M, Aghamollaei H, Mousavi Gargari SL, Mahmoodi F, Aliomrani M, Ebrahimizadeh W. Introduction of a new recombinant vaccine based on GRP78 for breast cancer immunotherapy and evaluation in a mouse model. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:27829. [PMID: 38505675 PMCID: PMC10945302 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women. Several treatment options are available today, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy, as a highly specific therapy, involves adaptive immune responses and immunological memory. In our present research, we used the recombinant C-terminal domain of the GRP78 (glucose- regulated protein 78) protein to induce an immune response and investigate its therapeutic impact in the 4T1 breast cancer model. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with the cGRP78 protein. The humoral immune response was assessed by ELISA. Then, BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with 1×106 4T1 tumor cells. Subsequently, tumor size and survival rate measurements, MTT, and cytokine assays were performed. Results The animals receiving the cGRP78 vaccine showed significantly more favorable survival and slower tumor growth rates compared with unvaccinated tumor-bearing mice as the negative control mice. Circulating levels of tumoricidal cytokines such as IFNγ were higher, whereas tolerogenic cytokines such as IL-2, 6, and 10 either did not increase or had a decreasing trend in mice receiving cGRP78. Conclusion cGRP78 vaccines generated potent immunotherapeutic effects in a breast cancer mouse model. This novel strategy of targeting the GRP78 protein can promote the development of cancer vaccines and immunotherapies for breast cancer malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zare
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakherad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Norouzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Walead Ebrahimizadeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer: Could Unfolded Protein Response Be a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021566. [PMID: 36675080 PMCID: PMC9865308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response which is used for re-establishing protein homeostasis, and it is triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Specific ER proteins mediate UPR activation, after dissociation from chaperone Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78). UPR can decrease ER stress, producing an ER adaptive response, block UPR if ER homeostasis is restored, or regulate apoptosis. Some tumour types are linked to ER protein folding machinery disturbance, highlighting how UPR plays a pivotal role in cancer cells to keep malignancy and drug resistance. In this review, we focus on some molecules that have been revealed to target ER stress demonstrating as UPR could be a new target in cancer treatment.
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7
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Barabutis N, Akhter MS, Kubra KT, Jackson K. Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Endothelial Inflammation. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6887354. [PMID: 36503995 PMCID: PMC9923806 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of hypothalamic hormones propelled exciting advances in pharmacotherapy and improved life quality worldwide. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a crucial element in homeostasis maintenance, and regulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. Accumulating evidence suggests that this neuropeptide can also promote malignancies, as well as inflammation. Our review is focused on the role of that 44 - amino acid peptide (GHRH) and its antagonists in inflammation and vascular function, summarizing recent findings in the corresponding field. Preclinical studies demonstrate the protective role of GHRH antagonists against endothelial barrier dysfunction, suggesting that the development of those peptides may lead to new therapies against pathologies related to vascular remodeling (eg, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome). Targeted therapies for those diseases do not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- Correspondence: Nektarios Barabutis, MSc, PhD, School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Dr, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | | | - Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Keith Jackson
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
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8
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The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway: the unsung hero in breast cancer management. Apoptosis 2022; 28:263-276. [PMID: 36536258 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells always have the need to produce an increased amount of proteins in the cells. This elevated amount of proteins increases the pressure on the organelles of the cell such as the endoplasmic reticulum and compels it to increase its protein folding efficiency. However, it is by a matter of fact, that the amount of proteins synthesized outweighs the protein folding capacity of the ER which in turn switches on the UPR pathway by activating the three major molecular sensors and other signaling cascades, which helps in cell survival instead of instant death. However, if this pathway is active for a prolonged period of time the tumor cells heads toward apoptosis. Again, interestingly this is not the same as in case of non- tumorogenic cells. This exhibit a straight natural pathway for tumor cells-specific destruction which has a great implication in today's world where hormone therapies and chemo-therapies are non-effective for various types of breast cancer, a major type being Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Thus a detailed elucidation of the molecular involvement of the UPR pathway in breast cancer may open new avenues for management and attract novel chemotherapeutic targets providing better hopes to patients worldwide.
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Direito I, Gomes D, Monteiro FL, Carneiro I, Lobo J, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Helguero LA. The Clinicopathological Significance of BiP/GRP-78 in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Public Datasets and Immunohistochemical Detection. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9066-9087. [PMID: 36547124 PMCID: PMC9777260 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (also known as GRP-78 or HSPA5) maintains protein folding to allow cell proliferation and survival and has been implicated in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and therapy resistance. BiP's association with clinical factors and prognostic potential in breast cancer remains unclear. In this work, three types of analysis were conducted to improve the knowledge of BiP's clinicopathological potential: (1) analysis of publicly available RNA-seq and proteomics datasets stratified as high and low quartiles; (2) a systematic review and meta-analysis of immunohistochemical detection of BIP; (3) confirmation of findings by BiP immunohistochemical detection in two luminal-like breast cancer small cohorts of paired samples (pre- vs. post-endocrine therapy, and primary pre- vs. metastasis post-endocrine therapy). The TCGA PanCancer dataset and CPTAC showed groups with high BiP mRNA and protein associated with HER2, basal-like subtypes, and higher immune scores. The meta-analysis of BiP immunohistochemistry disclosed an association between higher BiP positivity and reduced relapse-free survival. BiP immunohistochemistry confirmed increased BiP expression in metastasis, an association of BiP positivity with HER2 expression, and nuclear BiP localization with higher a tumor stage and poor outcome. Therefore, three independent approaches showed that BiP protein is associated with worse outcomes and holds prognostic potential for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Direito
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Gomes
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Liliana Monteiro
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isa Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa Alejandra Helguero
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-1-234-247-240 (ext. 22112)
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Mir KB, Faheem MM, Ahmad SM, Rasool JU, Amin T, Chakraborty S, Bhagat M, Ahmed Z, Ali A, Goswami A. β-(4-fluorobenzyl) Arteannuin B induced interaction of ATF-4 and C/EBPβ mediates the transition of breast cancer cells from autophagy to senescence. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1013500. [PMID: 36465376 PMCID: PMC9713483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATF-4 is a master regulator of transcription of genes essential for cellular-adaptive function. In response to the quantum and duration of stress, ATF-4 diligently responds to both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival signals converging into either autophagy or apoptosis/senescence. Despite emerging cues implying a relationship between autophagy and senescence, how these two processes are controlled remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate β-(4-fluorobenzyl) Arteannuin B (here after Arteannuin 09), a novel semisynthetic derivative of Arteannuin B, as a potent ER stress inducer leading to the consistent activation of ATF-4. Persistent ATF-4 expression at early time-points facilitates the autophagy program and consequently by upregulating p21 at later time-points, the signaling is shifted towards G2/M cell cycle arrest. As bZIP transcription factors including ATF-4 are obligate dimers, and because ATF-4 homodimers are not highly stable, we hypothesized that ATF-4 may induce p21 expression by physically interacting with another bZIP family member i.e., C/EBPβ. Our co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies demonstrated that ATF-4 is principally responsible for the autophagic potential of Arteannuin 09, while as, induction of both ATF-4 and C/EBPβ is indispensable for the p21 regulated-cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy signaling switches the fate of Arteannuin 09 treated cells from senescence to apoptosis. Lastly, our data accomplished that Arteannuin 09 is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and inducer of premature senescence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bashir Mir
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Mir Mohd Faheem
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Syed Mudabir Ahmad
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Javeed Ur Rasool
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Tanzeeba Amin
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | | | | | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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11
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Xu D, Liu Z, Liang MX, Fei YJ, Zhang W, Wu Y, Tang JH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress targeted therapy for breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:174. [PMCID: PMC9639265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance are still big challenges in breast cancer therapy. Internal and external stresses have been proven to substantially facilitate breast cancer progression through molecular and systemic mechanisms. For example, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) results in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are considered an important cellular stress response. More and more reports indicate its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in the process of breast cancer progression. Therefore, therapies targeting the activation of ERS and its downstream signaling pathways are potentially helpful and novel tools to counteract and fight breast cancer. However, recent advances in our understanding of ERS are focused on characterizing and modulating ERS between healthy and disease states, and so little attention has been paid to studying the role and clinical application of targeting ERS in a certain cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and main mechanisms of ERS in different molecular types of breast cancer, and focus on the development of agents targeting ERS to provide new treatment strategies for breast cancer.
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Mehta V, Suman P, Chander H. High levels of unfolded protein response component CHAC1 associates with cancer progression signatures in malignant breast cancer tissues. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2351-2365. [PMID: 35930144 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aberrant mRNA expression of a UPR component Cation transport regulator homolog 1 (CHAC1) has been reported to be associated with poor survival in breast and ovarian cancer patients, however, the expression of CHAC1 at protein levels in malignant breast tissues is underreported. The following study aimed at analyzing CHAC1 protein expression in malignant breast cancer tissues. METHODS Evaluation of CHAC1 expression in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with known ER, PR, and HER2 status was carried out using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with CHAC1 specific antibody. The Human breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA, cat# BR1503f, US Biomax, Inc., Rockville, MD) was used to determine CHAC1 expression. The analysis of CHAC1 IHC was done to determine its expression in terms of molecular subtypes of breast cancer, lymph node status, and proliferation index using Qu-Path software. Survival analysis was studied with a Kaplan-Meier plotter. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of CHAC1 in breast cancer tissues showed significant up-regulation of CHAC1 as compared to the adjacent normal and benign tissues. Interestingly, CHAC1 immunostaining revealed high expression in tumor tissues with high proliferation and positive lymph node metastasis suggesting that CHAC1 might have an important role to play in breast cancer progression. Furthermore, high CHAC1 expression is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in large breast cancer patient cohorts. CONCLUSION As a higher expression of CHAC1 was observed in tissue cores with high Ki67 index and positive lymph node metastasis it may be concluded that enhanced CHAC1 expression correlates with proliferation and metastasis. The further analysis of breast cancer patients' survival data through KM plot indicated that high CHAC1 expression is associated with a bad prognosis hinting that CHAC1 may have a possible prognostic significance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Mehta
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Prabhat Suman
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Harish Chander
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India. .,Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, 201309, India.
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Gundamaraju R, Wu J, William JNG, Lu W, Jha NK, Ramasamy S, Rao PV. Ascendancy of unfolded protein response over glioblastoma: estimating progression, prognosis and survival. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:143-165. [PMID: 35904341 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is presented with a poor prognosis. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been implicated as a major contributor to disease progression and chemoresistance in GBM. Triggering ERS by chemical agents or genetic modulations is identified as some of the reasons for regulating gene expression and the pathogenesis of GBM. ERS initiates unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated system useful in restoring homeostasis or inducing apoptosis. Modulation of UPR might have positive outcomes in GBM treatment as UPR inducers have been shown to alter cell survival and migration. In the current review, we have utilized GSE7806, a publicly available dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), to evaluate the genes expressed during 6.5 hr and 18 hr, which can be comparable to the early and late-onset of the disease. Subsequently, we have elucidated the prognosis and survival information whilst the expression of these genes in the GBM was noted in previous studies. This is the first of its kind review summarizing the most recent gene information correlating UPR and GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonahunnatha Nesson George William
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, Indonesia
| | | | - Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
- f Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.,g Department of Biotechnology, School of applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.,h Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.,i Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,j Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
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TGFBR1*6A as a modifier of breast cancer risk and progression: advances and future prospects. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35853889 PMCID: PMC9296458 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that germline mutations in certain genes influence cancer susceptibility, tumor evolution, as well as clinical outcomes. Identification of a disease-causing genetic variant enables testing and diagnosis of at-risk individuals. For breast cancer, several genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 act as high- to moderate-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes. Genotyping of these genes informs genetic risk assessment and counseling, as well as treatment and management decisions in the case of high-penetrance genes. TGFBR1*6A (rs11466445) is a common variant of the TGF-β receptor type I (TGFBR1) that has a global minor allelic frequency (MAF) of 0.051 according to the 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. It is emerging as a high frequency, low penetrance tumor susceptibility allele associated with increased cancer risk among several cancer types. The TGFBR1*6A allele has been associated with increased breast cancer risk in women, OR 1.15 (95% CI 1.01–1.31). Functionally, TGFBR1*6A promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the regulation of the ERK pathway and Rho-GTP activation. This review discusses current findings on the genetic, functional, and mechanistic associations between TGFBR1*6A and breast cancer risk and proposes future directions as it relates to genetic association studies and mechanisms of action for tumor growth, metastasis, and immune suppression.
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Iglesia RP, Prado MB, Alves RN, Escobar MIM, Fernandes CFDL, Fortes ACDS, Souza MCDS, Boccacino JM, Cangiano G, Soares SR, de Araújo JPA, Tiek DM, Goenka A, Song X, Keady JR, Hu B, Cheng SY, Lopes MH. Unconventional Protein Secretion in Brain Tumors Biology: Enlightening the Mechanisms for Tumor Survival and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:907423. [PMID: 35784465 PMCID: PMC9242006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.907423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical secretion pathways, collectively known as unconventional protein secretion (UPS), are alternative secretory mechanisms usually associated with stress-inducing conditions. UPS allows proteins that lack a signal peptide to be secreted, avoiding the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex secretory pathway. Molecules that generally rely on the canonical pathway to be secreted may also use the Golgi bypass, one of the unconventional routes, to reach the extracellular space. UPS studies have been increasingly growing in the literature, including its implication in the biology of several diseases. Intercellular communication between brain tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment is orchestrated by various molecules, including canonical and non-canonical secreted proteins that modulate tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion. Adult brain tumors such as gliomas, which are aggressive and fatal cancers with a dismal prognosis, could exploit UPS mechanisms to communicate with their microenvironment. Herein, we provide functional insights into the UPS machinery in the context of tumor biology, with a particular focus on the secreted proteins by alternative routes as key regulators in the maintenance of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Alves
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo Escobar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ailine Cibele dos Santos Fortes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Cangiano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Ribeiro Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Alves de Araújo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao Song
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jack Ryan Keady
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bo Hu
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shi Yuan Cheng
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marilene Hohmuth Lopes,
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Castro KR, Prado KM, Lorenzon AR, Hoshida MS, Alves EA, Francisco RPV, Zugaib M, Marques ALX, Silva ECO, Fonseca EJS, Borbely AU, Veras MM, Bevilacqua E. Serum From Preeclamptic Women Triggers Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway and Expression of Angiogenic Factors in Trophoblast Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 12:799653. [PMID: 35185601 PMCID: PMC8855099 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.799653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy-associated with placental cell death and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. It is unknown whether systemic factors aggravate placental dysfunction. We investigated whether serum factors in pregnant women with PE activate ER stress and unfolded protein responses (UPRs) in placental explants and trophoblast cells lineage. We cultured placental explants from third-trimester term placentas from control non-preeclamptic (NPE) pregnant women with serum from women with PE or controls (NPE). In PE-treated explants, there was a significant increase in gene expression of GADD34, CHOP, and SDF2. At the protein level, GRP78, SDF2, p-eIF2α, and p-eIF2α/eIF2α ratio were also augmented in treated explants. Assays were also performed in HTR8/SV-neo trophoblast cell line to characterize the putative participation of trophoblast cells. In PE serum-treated protein levels of p-eIF2a and the ratio p-elF2 α/elF2α increased after 12 h of treatment, while the gene expression of GADD34, ATF4, and CHOP was greater than control. Increased expression of SDF2 was also detected after 24 h-cultured HTR8/SV-neo cells. PE serum increased sFLT1 gene expression and decreased PlGF gene expression in placental explants. Morphologically, PE serum increased the number of syncytial knots and reduced placental cell metabolism and viability. Analysis of the serum of pregnant women with PE through Raman spectroscopy showed changes in amino acids, carotenoids, lipids, and DNA/RNA, which may be associated with the induction of ER stress found in chorionic villi treated with this serum. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the serum of pregnant women with PE may impact placental villi changing its morphology, viability, and secreted functional factors while triggers ER stress and an UPR. The differences between PE and control sera include molecules acting as inducing factors in these processes. In summary, the results obtained in our assays suggest that after the development of PE, the serum profile of pregnant women may be an additional factor that feeds a continuous imbalance of placental homeostasis. In addition, this study may expand the possibilities for understanding the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla R. Castro
- Laboratory for Studies in Maternal-Fetal Interactions and Placenta, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen M. Prado
- Laboratory for Studies in Maternal-Fetal Interactions and Placenta, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline R. Lorenzon
- Laboratory for Studies in Maternal-Fetal Interactions and Placenta, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Huntington Medicina Reprodutiva—Eugin Group, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara S. Hoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo – HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane A. Alves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo – HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana P. V. Francisco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo – HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zugaib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo – HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldilane L. X. Marques
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Elaine C. O. Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J. S. Fonseca
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Alexandre U. Borbely
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Laboratory for Studies in Maternal-Fetal Interactions and Placenta, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Estela Bevilacqua,
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Demirel-Yalciner T, Sozen E, Ozer NK. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and miRNA Impairment in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:790702. [PMID: 35822008 PMCID: PMC9261320 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.790702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process defined by decreased cellular and tissue functions. Reduced capacity of protein degradation is one of the important hallmarks of aging that may lead to misfolded protein accumulation and progressive loss of function in organ systems. Recognition of unfolded/misfolded protein aggregates via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors activates an adaptive mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR). The initial step of UPR is defined by chaperone enhancement, ribosomal translation suppression, and misfolded protein degradation, while prolonged ER stress triggers apoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs affecting various signaling pathways through degradation or translational inhibition of targeted mRNAs. Therefore, UPR and miRNA impairment in aging and age-related diseases is implicated in various studies. This review will highlight the recent insights in ER stress–miRNAs alterations during aging and age-related diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases and several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Turkey
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Nesrin Kartal Ozer,
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Inhibition of histone demethylase KDM4 by ML324 induces apoptosis through the unfolded protein response and Bim upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 353:109806. [PMID: 34999051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy that ranks as the sixth-leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Recently, various epigenetic mechanisms including gene methylation were reported to be potential next era HCC therapeutics and biomarkers. Although inhibition of epigenetic enzymes including histone lysine demethylase 4 (KDM4) enhanced cell death in HCC cells, the detailed mechanism of cell death machinery is poorly understood. In this study, we found that ML324, a small molecule KDM4-specific inhibitor, induced the death of HCC cells in a general cell culture system and 3D spheroid culture with increased cleavage of caspase-3. Mechanistically, we identified that unfolded protein responses (UPR) were involved in ML324-induced HCC cell death. Incubation of HCC cells with ML324 upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) expression through the activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)-dependent pathway. Moreover, we identified BIM protein as a mediator of ML324-induced apoptosis using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout analysis. We showed that the loss of Bim suppressed ML324-induced apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis, colony formation assay, and caspase-3 activation assay. Interestingly, BIM protein expression by ML324 was regulated by ATF3, CHOP, and DR5 which are factors involved in UPR. Specifically, we confirmed the regulating roles of KDM4E in Bim and CHOP expression using a chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP) assay. Physical binding of KDM4E to Bim and CHOP promoters decreased the response to ML324. Our findings suggest that KDM4 inhibition is a potent anti-tumor therapeutic strategy for human HCC, and further studies of UPR-induced apoptosis and the associated epigenetic functional mechanisms may lead to the discovery of novel target for future cancer therapy.
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Payne KK. Cellular stress responses and metabolic reprogramming in cancer progression and dormancy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 78:45-48. [PMID: 34098105 PMCID: PMC8642459 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent disease after prolonged cancer dormancy is a major cause of cancer associated mortality, yet many of the mechanisms that are engaged to initiate dormancy as well as later recurrence remain incompletely understood. It is known that cancer cells initiate adaptation mechanisms to adapt tightly regulated cellular processes to non-optimal growth environments; Recent investigations have begun to elucidate the contribution of these mechanisms to malignant progression, with intriguing studies now defining cellular stress as a key contributor to the development and maintenance of cancer dormancy. This review will focus on our current understanding of stress responses facilitating malignant cell adaptation and metabolic reprogramming to establish cancer dormancy.
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Kabakov AE, Gabai VL. HSP70s in Breast Cancer: Promoters of Tumorigenesis and Potential Targets/Tools for Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123446. [PMID: 34943954 PMCID: PMC8700403 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high frequency of breast cancer worldwide and the high mortality among women with this malignancy are a serious challenge for modern medicine. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and emergence of metastatic, therapy-resistant breast cancers would help development of novel approaches to better treatment of this disease. The review is dedicated to the role of members of the heat shock protein 70 subfamily (HSP70s or HSPA), mainly inducible HSP70, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78 or HSPA5) and GRP75 (HSPA9 or mortalin), in the development and pathogenesis of breast cancer. Various HSP70-mediated cellular mechanisms and pathways which contribute to the oncogenic transformation of mammary gland epithelium are reviewed, as well as their role in the development of human breast carcinomas with invasive, metastatic traits along with the resistance to host immunity and conventional therapeutics. Additionally, intracellular and cell surface HSP70s are considered as potential targets for therapy or sensitization of breast cancer. We also discuss a clinical implication of Hsp70s and approaches to targeting breast cancer with gene vectors or nanoparticles downregulating HSP70s, natural or synthetic (small molecule) inhibitors of HSP70s, HSP70-binding antibodies, HSP70-derived peptides, and HSP70-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Kabakov
- Department of Radiation Biochemistry, A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia;
| | - Vladimir L. Gabai
- CureLab Oncology Inc., Dedham, MA 02026, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-319-7314
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Yu M, Lun J, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang G, Zhang H, Fang J. Targeting UPR branches, a potential strategy for enhancing efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1417-1427. [PMID: 34664059 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are often exposed to cell intrinsic stresses and environmental perturbations that may lead to accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular condition known as ER stress. In response to ER stress, the cells elicit an adaptive process called unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the stress, supporting cellular homeostasis and survival. The ER stress sensors inositol requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3, also called PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) constitute the three branches of UPR to resolve ER stress. IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6 play an important role in tumor cell growth and survival. They are also involved in chemotherapy resistance of cancers. These have generated widespread interest in targeting these UPR branches for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6 in cancer progression and drug resistance and we summarize the research advances in targeting these UPR branches to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jie Lun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- Center for Cancer Targeted Therapies, Signet Therapeutics Inc., Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
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Aghaei M, Nasimian A, Rahmati M, Kawalec P, Machaj F, Rosik J, Bhushan B, Bathaie SZ, Azarpira N, Los MJ, Samali A, Perrin D, Gordon JW, Ghavami S. The Role of BiP and the IRE1α-XBP1 Axis in Rhabdomyosarcoma Pathology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194927. [PMID: 34638414 PMCID: PMC8508025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children, and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients presenting with recurrent or metastatic disease. The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays pivotal roles in tumor development and resistance to therapy, including RMS. METHODS In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and a tissue microarray (TMA) on human RMS and normal skeletal muscle to evaluate the expression of key UPR proteins (GRP78/BiP, IRE1α and cytosolic/nuclear XBP1 (spliced XBP1-sXBP1)) in the four main RMS subtypes: alveolar (ARMS), embryonal (ERMS), pleomorphic (PRMS) and sclerosing/spindle cell (SRMS) RMS. We also investigated the correlation of these proteins with the risk of RMS and several clinicopathological indices, such as lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, tumor stage and tumor scores. RESULTS Our results revealed that the expression of BiP, sXBP1, and IRE1α, but not cytosolic XBP1, are significantly associated with RMS (BiP and sXBP1 p-value = 0.0001, IRE1 p-value = 0.001) in all of the studied types of RMS tumors (n = 192) compared to normal skeletal muscle tissues (n = 16). In addition, significant correlations of BiP with the lymph node score (p = 0.05), and of IRE1α (p value = 0.004), cytosolic XBP1 (p = 0.001) and sXBP1 (p value = 0.001) with the stage score were observed. At the subtype level, BiP and sXBP1 expression were significantly associated with all subtypes of RMS, whereas IRE1α was associated with ARMS, PRMS and ERMS, and cytosolic XBP1 expression was associated with ARMS and SRMS. Importantly, the expression levels of IRE1α and sXBP1 were more pronounced in ARMS than in any of the other subtypes. The results also showed correlations of BiP with the lymph node score in ARMS (p value = 0.05), and of sXBP1 with the tumor score in PRMS (p value = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrates that the overall UPR is upregulated and, more specifically, that the IRE1/sXBP1 axis is active in RMS. The subtype and stage-specific dependency on the UPR machinery in RMS may open new avenues for the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies and the identification of specific tumor markers in this rare but deadly childhood and young-adult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Ahmad Nasimian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14155-331, Iran;
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33141, Iran;
| | - Philip Kawalec
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Bhavya Bhushan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
| | - S. Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14155-331, Iran;
- Institute for Natural Products and Medicinal Plants, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14155-331, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 71-344 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland;
| | - David Perrin
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Joseph W. Gordon
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (A.N.); (P.K.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (B.B.)
- Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-272-3061 or +1-204-272-3071
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23
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Jin Y, Wang Z, He D, Zhu Y, Gong L, Xiao M, Chen X, Cao K. Analysis of Ferroptosis-Mediated Modification Patterns and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characterization in Uveal Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685120. [PMID: 34386492 PMCID: PMC8353259 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM) is an intraocular malignancy in adults in which approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease and have a poor prognosis. The need for immunotherapies has rapidly emerged, and recent research has yielded impressive results. Emerging evidence has implicated ferroptosis as a novel type of cell death that may mediate tumor-infiltrating immune cells to influence anticancer immunity. In this study, we first selected 11 ferroptosis regulators in UVM samples from the training set (TCGA and GSE84976 databases) by Cox analysis. We then divided these molecules into modules A and B based on the STRING database and used consensus clustering analysis to classify genes in both modules. According to the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the results revealed that the clusters in module A were remarkably related to immune-related pathways. Next, we applied the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms and found that these ferroptosis-related patterns may affect a proportion of TME infiltrating cells, thereby mediating the tumor immune environment. Additionally, to further develop the prognostic signatures based on the immune landscape, we established a six-gene-regulator prognostic model in the training set and successfully verified it in the validation set (GSE44295 and GSE27831). Subsequently, we identified the key molecules, including ABCC1, CHAC1, and GSS, which were associated with poor overall survival, progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. We constructed a competing endogenous RNA network to further elucidate the mechanisms, which consisted of 29 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs, and 25 ferroptosis-related mRNAs. Our findings indicate that the ferroptosis-related genes may be suitable potential biomarkers to provide novel insights into UVM prognosis and decipher the underlying mechanisms in tumor microenvironment characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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SOX2OT Long Noncoding RNA Is Regulated by the UPR in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ENR) stress perturbs cell homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). In breast cancer, this process is activated by oestrogen deprivation and is associated with tamoxifen resistance. We present evidence that the transcription factor SOX2 and the long noncoding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) are upregulated in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and in response to oestrogen deprivation. We examined the effect of the UPR on SOX2 and SOX2OT expression and the effect of SOX2OT on UPR pathways in breast cancer cell lines. The induction of the UPR by thapsigargin or glucose deprivation upregulates SOX2OT expression. This upregulation is also shown with the anti-oestrogen 4OH-tamoxifen and mTOR inhibitor everolimus in ER + breast cancer cells that are sensitive to oestrogen deprivation or everolimus treatment. SOX2OT overexpression decreased BiP and PERK expression. This effect of SOX2OT overexpression was confirmed on BiP and PERK pathway by q-PCR. Our results show that a long noncoding RNA regulates the UPR and evince a new function of SOX2OT as a participant of ENR stress reprogramming of breast cancer cells.
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25
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Molecular Chaperones and Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084196. [PMID: 33919591 PMCID: PMC8073690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancers are the most common of the endocrine system malignancies and progress must be made in the areas of differential diagnosis and treatment to improve patient management. Advances in the understanding of carcinogenic mechanisms have occurred in various fronts, including studies of the chaperone system (CS). Components of the CS are found to be quantitatively increased or decreased, and some correlations have been established between the quantitative changes and tumor type, prognosis, and response to treatment. These correlations provide the basis for identifying distinctive patterns useful in differential diagnosis and for planning experiments aiming at elucidating the role of the CS in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss studies of the CS components in various thyroid cancers (TC). The chaperones belonging to the families of the small heat-shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 and the chaperonin of Group I, Hsp60, have been quantified mostly by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in tumor and normal control tissues and in extracellular vesicles. Distinctive differences were revealed between the various thyroid tumor types. The most frequent finding was an increase in the chaperones, which can be attributed to the augmented need for chaperones the tumor cells have because of their accelerated metabolism, growth, and division rate. Thus, chaperones help the tumor cell rather than protect the patient, exemplifying chaperonopathies by mistake or collaborationism. This highlights the need for research on chaperonotherapy, namely the development of means to eliminate/inhibit pathogenic chaperones.
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26
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Hua YQ, Zhang K, Sheng J, Ning ZY, Li Y, Shi WD, Liu LM. NUCB1 Suppresses Growth and Shows Additive Effects With Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via the Unfolded Protein Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641836. [PMID: 33855021 PMCID: PMC8041069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor patient prognosis. A cellular stress response mechanism called the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been implicated in PDAC progression. More recently, nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1), a calcium-binding protein, has been shown to control the UPR but its precise role in PDAC has not been explored. Here, we found that downregulation of NUCB1 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Functionally, NUCB1 overexpression suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and showed additive effects with gemcitabine (GEM) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, by controlling ATF6 activity, NUCB1 overexpression suppressed GEM-induced UPR and autophagy. Last but not least, we uncovered METTL3-mediated m6A modification on NUCB1 5'UTR via the reader YTHDF2 as a mechanism for NUCB1 downregulation in PDAC. Taken together, our study revealed crucial functions of NUCB1 in suppressing proliferation and enhancing the effects of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells and identified METTL3-mediated m6A modification as a mechanism for NUCB1 downregulation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Hua
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou-Yu Ning
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Li
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Shi
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Ming Liu
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Dash R, Jahan I, Ali MC, Mitra S, Munni YA, Timalsina B, Hannan MA, Moon IS. Potential roles of natural products in the targeting of proteinopathic neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105011. [PMID: 33711400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defective proteostasis is associated with the gradual accumulations of misfolded proteins and is a hallmark of many age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In the aged brain, maintenance of the proteostasis network presents a substantial challenge, and its loss contributes to the onset and progression of neurological diseases associated with cognitive decline due to the generation of toxic protein aggregates, a process termed 'proteinopathy'. Emerging evidence suggests that reversing proteinopathies by boosting proteostasis might provide an effective means of preventing neurodegeneration. From this perspective, phytochemicals may play significant roles as potent modulators of the proteostasis network, as previous reports have suggested they can interact with various network components to modify pathologies and confer neuroprotection. This review focuses on some potent phytochemicals that directly or indirectly modulate the proteostasis network and on their possible molecular targets. In addition, we propose strategies for the natural product-based modulation of proteostasis machinery that target proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Chayan Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Binod Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Madrid FF, Grossman LI, Aras S. Mitochondria Autoimmunity and MNRR1 in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:138-158. [PMID: 33615312 PMCID: PMC7894625 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.2.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We review here the evidence for participation of mitochondrial autoimmunity in BC inception and progression and propose a new paradigm that may challenge the prevailing thinking in oncogenesis by suggesting that mitochondrial autoimmunity is a major contributor to breast carcinogenesis and probably to the inception and progression of other solid tumors. It has been shown that MNRR1 mediated mitochondrial-nuclear function promotes BC cell growth and migration and the development of metastasis and constitutes a proof of concept supporting the participation of mitochondrial autoimmunity in breast carcinogenesis. The resemblance of the autoantibody profile in BC detected by IFA with that in the rheumatic autoimmune diseases suggested that studies on the autoantibody response to tumor associated antigens and the characterization of the mtDNA- and nDNA-encoded antigens may provide functional data on breast carcinogenesis. We also review the studies supporting the view that a panel of autoreactive nDNA-encoded mitochondrial antigens in addition to MNRR1 may be involved in breast carcinogenesis. These include GAPDH, PKM2, GSTP1, SPATA5, MFF, ncRNA PINK1-AS/DDOST as probably contributing to BC progression and metastases and the evidence suggesting that DDX21 orchestrates a complex signaling network with participation of JUND and ATF3 driving chronic inflammation and breast tumorigenesis. We suggest that the widespread autoreactivity of mtDNA- and nDNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins found in BC sera may be the reflection of autoimmunity triggered by mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial tumor associated antigens involved in multiple tumorigenic pathways. Furthermore, we suggest that mitochondrial proteins may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in BC even if mitochondrial respiration is found to be within normal limits. However, although the studies show that mitochondrial autoimmunity is a major factor in breast cancer inception and progression, it is not the only factor since there is a multiplex autoantibody profile targeting centrosome and stem cell antigens as well as anti-idiotypic antibodies, revealing the complex signaling network involved in breast carcinogenesis. In summary, the studies reviewed here open new, unexpected therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment of patients with cancer derived from an entirely new perspective of breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Fernández Madrid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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29
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Chen FM, Huang LJ, Ou-Yang F, Kan JY, Kao LC, Hou MF. Activation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response is associated with Her2-overexpression breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:61-70. [PMID: 32601970 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial unfolding protein are abundant in breast cancer cells, but the mechanism by which breast cancer cells resist apoptosis is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-related proteins in four types of breast cancer tissues. METHODS Mitochondrial fractions were taken from four breast cancer tissues (luminal A, luminal B, Her2 -overexpression, and TNBC) and the expression of mitochondrial polyubiquitinated proteins was observed by western blot and ELISA. In addition, the expression of hsp10, hsp60, and clpp in mitochondria was observed by western blot in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, and confirmed by ELISA. The expression levels of hsp10 and hsp60 were correlated with clinicopathological parameters in 114 breast cancer patients. RESULTS We found an increase in the performance of mitochondrial polyubiquitinated proteins in breast cancer tissues of luminal A, luminal B, Her2-overexpression, and TNBC. The mitochondrial hsp10, hsp60, and clpp are abundantly expressed in breast cancer tissues rather than adjacent noncancerous tissues. The expression levels of mitochondrial hsp10 and hsp60 were highest in histological grade 3 breast cancer tissues. Additionally, mitochondria with high hsp60 expression were more present in Her2-positive tumors. CONCLUSIONS We observed that mtUPR was specifically activated in breast cancer tissues but inactivated in normal mammary tissue. MtUPR had also exhibited a particular increase in Her2-overexpression tumors but not in ER- or PR-positive tumors. Taken together, we suggested that mtUPR may act as a potential candidate for developing novel Her2-overexpression breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Ju Huang
- Center of Teaching and Research, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chun Kao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Zhonghua 3rd Rd., Qianjin Dist., Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
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30
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Boyle ST, Poltavets V, Kular J, Pyne NT, Sandow JJ, Lewis AC, Murphy KJ, Kolesnikoff N, Moretti PAB, Tea MN, Tergaonkar V, Timpson P, Pitson SM, Webb AI, Whitfield RJ, Lopez AF, Kochetkova M, Samuel MS. ROCK-mediated selective activation of PERK signalling causes fibroblast reprogramming and tumour progression through a CRELD2-dependent mechanism. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:882-895. [PMID: 32451439 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that cancers co-opt the microenvironment for their growth. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie cancer-microenvironment interactions are still poorly defined. Here, we show that Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in the mammary tumour epithelium selectively actuates protein-kinase-R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), causing the recruitment and persistent education of tumour-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are part of the cancer microenvironment. An analysis of tumours from patients and mice reveals that cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is the paracrine factor that underlies PERK-mediated CAF education downstream of ROCK. We find that CRELD2 is regulated by PERK-regulated ATF4, and depleting CRELD2 suppressed tumour progression, demonstrating that the paracrine ROCK-PERK-ATF4-CRELD2 axis promotes the progression of breast cancer, with implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Theresa Boyle
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Valentina Poltavets
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jasreen Kular
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Theresa Pyne
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jarrod John Sandow
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Charles Lewis
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Translational Haematology Program, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kendelle Joan Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Kolesnikoff
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Melinda Nay Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR and Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Maxwell Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Ian Webb
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert John Whitfield
- Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angel Francisco Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marina Kochetkova
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael Susithiran Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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31
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Barua D, Gupta A, Gupta S. Targeting the IRE1-XBP1 axis to overcome endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:29-37. [PMID: 32446861 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, which encodes estrogen receptor-alpha) is a key driver gene for the initiation and progression of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) is expressed in up to 70% of cases, and patients are routinely treated with endocrine therapies. However, the development of resistance over time is common and occurs in one-third of ER-positive breast tumors, leading to disease progression and death. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER signaling pathway, generates a positive feedback regulatory loop that leads to increased expression of XBP1 and ER in luminal breast cancer. In this review, we highlight new insights into the mechanisms of crosstalk between XBP1 and ER signaling and its clinical implications. Next, we describe the key signaling nodes that play an important role in XBP1-mediated endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Further, we discuss XBP1 gene mutations in breast cancer and the role of these mutations in the emergence of endocrine resistance and response to treatment. Finally, we discuss the current state and future directions for targeting XBP1 in combination with standard endocrine therapy to improve clinical outcomes in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, Human Biology Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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32
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Aghamollaei H, Ghanei M, Rasaee MJ, Latifi AM, Bakherad H, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Taheri RA, Gargari SLM. Isolation and characterization of a novel nanobody for detection of GRP78 expressing cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:239-246. [PMID: 32270531 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been shown that is overexpressed in cancer cells. Overexpression of GRP78 on cancer cells makes this molecule a suitable candidate for cancer detection and targeted therapy. VHH is the binding fragment of camelid heavy-chain antibodies also known as "nanobody." The aim of this study is to isolate and produce a new recombinant nanobody using phage display technique to detect cancer cells. Using the c-terminal domain of GRP78 (CGRP) as an antigen, four rounds of biopanning were performed, and high-affinity binders were selected by ELISA. Their affinity and functionality were characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) cell ELISA and immunocytochemistry. A unique nanobody named V80 was purified. ELISA and SPR showed that this antibody had high specificity and affinity to the GRP78. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that V80 could specifically bind to the HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines. This novel recombinant nanobody could bind to the cell surface of different cancer cells. After further evaluation, this nanobody can be used as a new tool for cancer detection and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Latifi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakherad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Molecular chaperones in tumors of salivary glands. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:109-115. [PMID: 32300923 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands are key components of the mouth and play a central role in its physiology. Their importance may be appreciated considering their number, occurrence in pairs, and distribution in the mouth: two parotids, two submandibular, two sublingual, and many other small ones scattered throughout the mouth. They produce saliva, without which ingestion of non-liquid nutrients and speech would be practically impossible. Nevertheless, the physiology and pathology of salivary glands are poorly understood. For instance, tumors of salivary glands occur, and their incidence is on the rise, but their etiology and pathogenesis are virtually unknown, although some risk factors have been identified. Likewise, the role of the chaperoning system in the development, normal functioning, and pathology, including carcinogenesis, remains to be determined. This scarcity of basic knowledge impedes progress in diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutics of salivary gland tumors. We are currently involved in examining the chaperoning system of human salivary glands and we performed a search of the literature to determine what has been reported relating to oncology. We found data pertaining to six components of the chaperone system, namely HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, HSP84, HSP86, and GRP78, and to another HSP, the heme-oxygenase H-O1, also named HSP32, which does not belong in the chaperoning system but seemed to have potential as a biomarker for diagnostic purposes as much as the HSP/chaperones mentioned above. The reported quantitative variations of the six chaperones were distinctive enough to distinguish malignant from benign tumors, suggesting that these molecules hold potential as biomarkers useful in differential diagnosis. Also, the quantitative variations described accompanying tumor development, as observed in cancers of other organs, encourages research to elucidate whether chaperones play a role in the initiation and/or progression of salivary gland tumors.
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34
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SOX2OT Long Noncoding RNA Is Regulated by the UPR in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sci2020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress perturbs cell homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). In breast cancer, this process is activated by oestrogen deprivation and is associated with tamoxifen resistance. We present evidence that the transcription factor SOX2 and the long noncoding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) are up-regulated in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and in response to oestrogen deprivation. We examined the effect of the UPR on SOX2 and SOX2OT expression, and the effect of SOX2OT on UPR pathways in breast cancer cell lines. The induction of the UPR by thapsigargin or glucose deprivation up-regulates SOX2OT expression. This up-regulation is also shown with the anti-oestrogen 4OH-tamoxifen and mTOR inhibitor everolimus in ER + breast cancer cells that are sensitive to oestrogen deprivation or everolimus treatment. SOX2OT overexpression decreased BiP and PERK expression. This effect of SOX2OT overexpression was confirmed on BiP and PERK pathway by q-PCR. Our results show that a long noncoding RNA regulates the UPR and evince a new function of SOX2OT as a participant of ER stress reprogramming of breast cancer cells.
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35
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Ramirez MU, Hernandez SR, Soto-Pantoja DR, Cook KL. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway, the Unfolded Protein Response, Modulates Immune Function in the Tumor Microenvironment to Impact Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010169. [PMID: 31881743 PMCID: PMC6981480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapy, several persistent issues remain. These include cancer recurrence, effective targeting of aggressive or therapy-resistant cancers, and selective treatments for transformed cells. This review evaluates the current findings and highlights the potential of targeting the unfolded protein response to treat cancer. The unfolded protein response, an evolutionarily conserved pathway in all eukaryotes, is initiated in response to misfolded proteins accumulating within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This pathway is initially cytoprotective, allowing cells to survive stressful events; however, prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response also activates apoptotic responses. This balance is key in successful mammalian immune response and inducing cell death in malignant cells. We discuss how the unfolded protein response affects cancer progression, survival, and immune response to cancer cells. The literature shows that targeting the unfolded protein response as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapies increases the efficacy of these drugs; however, systemic unfolded protein response targeting may yield deleterious effects on immune cell function and should be taken into consideration. The material in this review shows the promise of both approaches, each of which merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel U. Ramirez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-336-716-2234
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36
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Direito I, Fardilha M, Helguero LA. Contribution of the unfolded protein response to breast and prostate tissue homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:203-215. [PMID: 30596981 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant breast and prostate cancers remain a major clinical problem, new therapeutic approaches and better predictors of therapeutic response are clearly needed. Because of the involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion, an increasing number of publications support the hypothesis that impairments in this network trigger and/or exacerbate cancer. Moreover, UPR activation could contribute to the development of drug resistance phenotypes in both breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, targeting this pathway has recently emerged as a promising strategy in anticancer therapy. This review addresses the contribution of UPR to breast and prostate tissues homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response with focus on the current progress on UPR research related to cancer biology, detection, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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37
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Dual role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184354. [PMID: 31491919 PMCID: PMC6770252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a grave problem nowadays in view of the fact that it has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. Poor clinical prognosis is presumably due to cancer cells metabolism as tumor microenvironment is affected by oxidative stress. This event triggers adequate cellular response and thereby creates appropriate conditions for further cancer progression. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when the balance between an ability of the ER to fold and transfer proteins and the degradation of the misfolded ones become distorted. Since ER is an organelle relatively sensitive to oxidative damage, aforementioned conditions swiftly cause the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. The output of the UPR, depending on numerous factors, may vary and switch between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic branch, and hence it displays opposing effects in deciding the fate of the cancer cell. The role of UPR-related proteins in tumorigenesis, such as binding the immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) or the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), has already been specifically described so far. Nevertheless, due to the paradoxical outcomes of the UPR activation as well as gaps in current knowledge, it still needs to be further investigated. Herein we would like to elicit the actual link between neoplastic diseases and the UPR signaling pathway, considering its major branches and discussing its potential use in the development of a novel, anti-cancer, targeted therapy.
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38
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Yoneten KK, Kasap M, Akpinar G, Gunes A, Gurel B, Utkan NZ. Comparative Proteome Analysis of Breast Cancer Tissues Highlights the Importance of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 and Monoacylglycerol Lipase in Breast Cancer Metabolism. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:377-397. [PMID: 31467232 PMCID: PMC6727073 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality rates have been increasing due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools for early detection. Proteomics-based studies may provide novel targets for early diagnosis and efficient treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the global changes occurring in protein profiles in breast cancer tissues to discover potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS BC tissues and their corresponding healthy counterparts were collected, subtyped, and subjected to comparative proteomics analyses using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis fluorescence difference gel (DIGE) coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) to explore BC metabolism at the proteome level. Western blot analysis was used to verify changes occurring at the protein levels. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses performed with differentially regulated proteins highlighted the changes occurring in triacylglyceride (TAG) metabolism, and directed our attention to TAG metabolism-associated proteins, namely glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). These proteins were down-regulated in tumor groups in comparison to controls. CONCLUSION GPD1 and MAGL might be promising tissue-based protein biomarkers with a predictive potential for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Gunes
- Department of General Surgery, Derince Education and Application Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bora Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nihat Zafer Utkan
- Department of General Surgery, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Alsheikh Hussein LH, Khalil AM, Alghadi AY, Abu Alhaija AA. Exon1 and -116 C/G Promoter Polymorphism on the X-Box DNA Binding Protein- 1 Gene is not Associated with Breast Cancer among Jordanian Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2739-2743. [PMID: 31554371 PMCID: PMC6976836 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human X -box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a critical gene in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, is located on chromosome 22q12, which has been linked with the pathogenesis of many diseases, particularly cancers such as breast cancer (BC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XBP1 gene can alter structure and function of the gene. In this study, polymorphism in the promoter region and exon1 of the gene XBP1 and its association with BC in Jordanian women was investigated. Methods: Polymorphism in the promoter and exon1 of XBP1 was analyzed in 100 subjects (controls: n=40; BC patients=60). −116 C/G SNP was genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-sequence specific primer technique. The odd ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to assess the strength of this association. Results: The three genotypes of the SNP (GG, GC, CC) and their allelic frequencies have nonsignificant differences between patients and control group. It was noticed that the frequencies of the mutant allele (G) were (75.8% versus 24.2%)) in the patients and control groups, respectively, while those of the normal allele (C) were (67.5% versus 32.5%). XBP1 (-116 G→C) G allele did not show significant association with BC risk (confidence interval = 0.3534- 1.2395, odds ratio = 0.6619, P= 0.197). Moreover, there were no significant mutations in the XBP1 exon1 neither in BC subjects nor control subjects. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the effect of polymorphism in the promoter and exon1 of XBP1 gene in the pathogenesis of BC in Jordanian women. The results do not support a role for polymorphism in development of BC and further studies with a larger sample size and detailed data should be performed in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Ahmad Y Alghadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
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40
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Nayak D, Katoch A, Sharma D, Faheem MM, Chakraborty S, Sahu PK, Chikan NA, Amin H, Gupta AP, Gandhi SG, Mukherjee D, Goswami A. Indolylkojyl methane analogue IKM5 potentially inhibits invasion of breast cancer cells via attenuation of GRP78. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:307-323. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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41
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Liu Y, Li M, Shi D, Zhu Y. Higher expression of cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (CHAC1) predicts of poor outcomes in uveal melanoma (UM) patients. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2825-2832. [PMID: 31161335 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our present study was to investigate the expression of cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (CHAC1) in uveal melanoma (UM) tissues and its function in UM progression. METHODS The mRNA expression of CHAC1 in UM tissues and its prognostic value were investigated based on Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. SP6.5 and M23 UM cell lines with depleted CHAC1 were constructed using small interfering RNA. The viability and migration ability of SP6.5 and M23 UM cells were determined by MTT and wound healing assays, respectively. Western blot was conducted to test the influences of CHAC1 depletion on PI3K signaling pathway. RESULTS Higher expression of CHAC1 was observed in the UM tissues from patients with liver metastases compared to that from patients without metastases. High CHAC1 expression was correlated with poor prognostic and was an independent predictor for UM patients. Depletion of CHAC1 remarkably inhibited the proliferation and motility of SP6.5 and M23 UM cells. Moreover, the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR were reduced notably after silencing CHAC1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that CHAC1 functioned as a facilitator in UM cell proliferation and migration and possessed the potential to be a predictor as well as a therapeutic target for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Danping Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Roder H, Oliveira C, Net L, Linstid B, Tsypin M, Roder J. Robust identification of molecular phenotypes using semi-supervised learning. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:273. [PMID: 31138112 PMCID: PMC6540576 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern molecular profiling techniques are yielding vast amounts of data from patient samples that could be utilized with machine learning methods to provide important biological insights and improvements in patient outcomes. Unsupervised methods have been successfully used to identify molecularly-defined disease subtypes. However, these approaches do not take advantage of potential additional clinical outcome information. Supervised methods can be implemented when training classes are apparent (e.g., responders or non-responders to treatment). However, training classes can be difficult to define when assessing relative benefit of one therapy over another using gold standard clinical endpoints, since it is often not clear how much benefit each individual patient receives. RESULTS We introduce an iterative approach to binary classification tasks based on the simultaneous refinement of training class labels and classifiers towards self-consistency. As training labels are refined during the process, the method is well suited to cases where training class definitions are not obvious or noisy. Clinical data, including time-to-event endpoints, can be incorporated into the approach to enable the iterative refinement to identify molecular phenotypes associated with a particular clinical variable. Using synthetic data, we show how this approach can be used to increase the accuracy of identification of outcome-related phenotypes and their associated molecular attributes. Further, we demonstrate that the advantages of the method persist in real world genomic datasets, allowing the reliable identification of molecular phenotypes and estimation of their association with outcome that generalizes to validation datasets. We show that at convergence of the iterative refinement, there is a consistent incorporation of the molecular data into the classifier yielding the molecular phenotype and that this allows a robust identification of associated attributes and the underlying biological processes. CONCLUSIONS The consistent incorporation of the structure of the molecular data into the classifier helps to minimize overfitting and facilitates not only good generalization of classification and molecular phenotypes, but also reliable identification of biologically relevant features and elucidation of underlying biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Roder
- Biodesix Inc, 2970 Wilderness Pl, Ste100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Carlos Oliveira
- Biodesix Inc, 2970 Wilderness Pl, Ste100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Lelia Net
- Biodesix Inc, 2970 Wilderness Pl, Ste100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Benjamin Linstid
- Biodesix Inc, 2970 Wilderness Pl, Ste100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Maxim Tsypin
- Biodesix Inc, 2970 Wilderness Pl, Ste100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Joanna Roder
- Biodesix Inc, 2970 Wilderness Pl, Ste100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
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43
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Emerging Roles of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050631. [PMID: 31064137 PMCID: PMC6562633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is often altered in tumor cells due to intrinsic (oncogene expression, aneuploidy) and extrinsic (environmental) challenges. ER stress triggers the activation of an adaptive response named the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), leading to protein translation repression, and to the improvement of ER protein folding and clearance capacity. The UPR is emerging as a key player in malignant transformation and tumor growth, impacting on most hallmarks of cancer. As such, the UPR can influence cancer cells’ migration and invasion properties. In this review, we overview the involvement of the UPR in cancer progression. We discuss its cross-talks with the cell migration and invasion machinery. Specific aspects will be covered including extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, modification of cell adhesion, chemo-attraction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell mobility, and cytoskeleton remodeling. The therapeutic potential of targeting the UPR to treat cancer will also be considered with specific emphasis in the impact on metastasis and tissue invasion.
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44
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Sisinni L, Pietrafesa M, Lepore S, Maddalena F, Condelli V, Esposito F, Landriscina M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Breast Cancer: The Balance between Apoptosis and Autophagy and Its Role in Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040857. [PMID: 30781465 PMCID: PMC6412864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress response activated by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its uncontrolled activation is mechanistically responsible for several human pathologies, including metabolic, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Indeed, ER stress and the downstream UPR activation lead to changes in the levels and activities of key regulators of cell survival and autophagy and this is physiologically finalized to restore metabolic homeostasis with the integration of pro-death or/and pro-survival signals. By contrast, the chronic activation of UPR in cancer cells is widely considered a mechanism of tumor progression. In this review, we focus on the relationship between ER stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in human breast cancer and the interplay between the activation of UPR and resistance to anticancer therapies with the aim to disclose novel therapeutic scenarios. The hypothesis that autophagy and UPR may provide novel molecular targets in human malignancies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Michele Pietrafesa
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Silvia Lepore
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maddalena
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Valentina Condelli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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45
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Hypoxia Induced ER Stress Response as an Adaptive Mechanism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030749. [PMID: 30754624 PMCID: PMC6387291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is evident that regions within tumors are deprived of oxygen, which makes the microenvironment hypoxic. Cancer cells experiencing hypoxia undergo metabolic alterations and cytoprotective adaptive mechanisms to survive such stringent conditions. While such mechanisms provide potential therapeutic targets, the mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates adaptive responses-such as ER stress response, unfolded protein response (UPR), anti-oxidative responses, and autophagy-remain elusive. In this review, we summarize the complex interplay between hypoxia and the ER stress signaling pathways that are activated in the hypoxic microenvironment of the tumors.
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Han CC, Wan FS. New Insights into the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Breast Cancer Metastasis. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:354-362. [PMID: 30607156 PMCID: PMC6310719 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress severely disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, leading to the abnormal accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER and subsequent development of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). To accommodate the occurrence of ERS, cells have evolved a highly conserved, self-protecting signal transduction pathway called the unfolded protein response. Notably, ERS signaling is involved in the development of a variety of diseases and is closely related to tumor development, particularly in breast cancer. This review discusses recent research regarding associations between ERS and tumor metastasis. The information presented here will help researchers elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying ERS-mediated tumor metastasis and provide new directions for tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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47
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Madden E, Logue SE, Healy SJ, Manie S, Samali A. The role of the unfolded protein response in cancer progression: From oncogenesis to chemoresistance. Biol Cell 2018; 111:1-17. [PMID: 30302777 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells endure both oncogenic and environmental stresses during cancer progression. Transformed cells must meet increased demands for protein and lipid production needed for rapid proliferation and must adapt to exist in an oxygen- and nutrient-deprived environment. To overcome such challenges, cancer cells exploit intrinsic adaptive mechanisms such as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is a pro-survival mechanism triggered by accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a condition referred to as ER stress. IRE1, PERK and ATF6 are three ER anchored transmembrane receptors. Upon induction of ER stress, they signal in a coordinated fashion to re-establish ER homoeostasis, thus aiding cell survival. Over the past decade, evidence has emerged supporting a role for the UPR in the establishment and progression of several cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. This review discusses our current knowledge of the UPR during oncogenesis, tumour growth, metastasis and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Madden
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Ireland.,School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan E Logue
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Ireland.,School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra J Healy
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Ireland.,School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - Serge Manie
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Ireland.,School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Ireland
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48
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McGrath EP, Logue SE, Mnich K, Deegan S, Jäger R, Gorman AM, Samali A. The Unfolded Protein Response in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100344. [PMID: 30248920 PMCID: PMC6211039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, in the US alone, it is estimated that 268,670 people will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and that 41,400 will die from it. Since breast cancers often become resistant to therapies, and certain breast cancers lack therapeutic targets, new approaches are urgently required. A cell-stress response pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR), has emerged as a promising target for the development of novel breast cancer treatments. This pathway is activated in response to a disturbance in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis but has diverse physiological and disease-specific functions. In breast cancer, UPR signalling promotes a malignant phenotype and can confer tumours with resistance to widely used therapies. Here, we review several roles for UPR signalling in breast cancer, highlighting UPR-mediated therapy resistance and the potential for targeting the UPR alone or in combination with existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan P McGrath
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Susan E Logue
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Shane Deegan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Richard Jäger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
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49
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Bastola P, Oien DB, Cooley M, Chien J. Emerging Cancer Therapeutic Targets in Protein Homeostasis. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:94. [PMID: 30151644 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genomic aberrations inside malignant cells through copy number alterations, aneuploidy, and mutations can exacerbate misfolded and unfolded protein burden resulting in increased proteotoxic stress. Increased proteotoxic stress can be deleterious to malignant cells; therefore, these cells rely heavily on the protein quality control mechanisms for survival and proliferation. Components of the protein quality control, such as the unfolded protein response, heat shock proteins, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome system, orchestrate a cascade of downstream events that allow the mitigation of the proteotoxic stress. This dependency makes components of the protein quality control mechanisms attractive targets in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we explore the components of the protein homeostasis especially focusing on the emerging cancer therapeutic agents/targets that are being actively pursued actively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Bastola
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66130, USA
| | - Derek B Oien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Megan Cooley
- Methods Development, Small Molecules, PRA Health Sciences, Lenexa, KS, 66215, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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50
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Kim C, Kim B. Anti-Cancer Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds Inducing ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081021. [PMID: 30081573 PMCID: PMC6115829 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second biggest cause of death worldwide. Despite a number of studies being conducted, the effective mechanism for treating cancer has not yet been fully understood. The tumor-microenvironment such as hypoxia, low nutrients could disturb function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to maintain cellular homeostasis, ultimately leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER, so-called ER stress. The ER stress has a close relation with cancer. ER stress initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaptive pathway in cancer. However, persistent ER stress triggers the apoptotic pathway. Therefore, blocking the adaptive pathway of ER stress or facilitating the apoptotic pathway could be an anti-cancer strategy. Recently, natural products and their derivatives have been reported to have anti-cancer effects via ER stress. Here, we address mechanisms of ER stress-mediated apoptosis and highlight strategies for cancer therapy by utilizing ER stress. Furthermore, we summarize anti-cancer activity of the natural products via ER stress in six major types of cancers globally (lung, breast, colorectal, gastric, prostate and liver cancer). This review deepens the understanding of ER stress mechanisms in major cancers as well as the suppressive impact of natural products against cancers via ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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