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Kennedy L, Meadows V, Sybenga A, Demieville J, Chen L, Hargrove L, Ekser B, Dar W, Ceci L, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Pham L, Zhou T, Glaser S, Meng F, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Promote Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Phenotypes and Microvesicular Steatosis in Mice Fed a Western Diet. Hepatology 2021; 74:164-182. [PMID: 33434322 PMCID: PMC9271361 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is simple steatosis but can develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver inflammation, fibrosis, and microvesicular steatosis. Mast cells (MCs) infiltrate the liver during cholestasis and promote ductular reaction (DR), biliary senescence, and liver fibrosis. We aimed to determine the effects of MC depletion during NAFLD/NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and KitW-sh (MC-deficient) mice were fed a control diet (CD) or a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks; select WT and KitW-sh WD mice received tail vein injections of MCs 2 times per week for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. Human samples were collected from normal, NAFLD, or NASH mice. Cholangiocytes from WT WD mice and human NASH have increased insulin-like growth factor 1 expression that promotes MC migration/activation. Enhanced MC presence was noted in WT WD mice and human NASH, along with increased DR. WT WD mice had significantly increased steatosis, DR/biliary senescence, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and angiogenesis compared to WT CD mice, which was significantly reduced in KitW-sh WD mice. Loss of MCs prominently reduced microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. MC injection promoted WD-induced biliary and liver damage and specifically up-regulated microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3) expression is reduced in WT WD mice and human NASH but increased in KitW-sh WD mice. MicroRNA 144-3 prime (miR-144-3p) expression was increased in WT WD mice and human NASH but reduced in KitW-sh WD mice and was found to target ALDH1A3. CONCLUSIONS MCs promote WD-induced biliary and liver damage and may promote microvesicular steatosis development during NAFLD progression to NASH through miR-144-3p/ALDH1A3 signaling. Inhibition of MC activation may be a therapeutic option for NAFLD/NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wasim Dar
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Tachibana T, Takahashi M, Takeda K, Ogino M, Khan MSI, Makino R, Cline MA. Effect of zymosan on feed passage in the digestive tract in chicks. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:414-423. [PMID: 33314959 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1863336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether zymosan, which is a component of fungi, affects feed passage through the digestive tract in chicks (Gallus gallus).2. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 2.5 mg zymosan significantly reduced the crop-emptying rate and this effect was similar to that of 100 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Zymosan affected phenol red transit from the proventriculus.3. Zymosan significantly affected the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and histidine decarboxylase in various regions of the digestive tract.4. The present study suggested that zymosan retarded feed passage through the digestive tract in chick and interleukins and histamine may be participating in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tachibana
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - M Takahashi
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - K Takeda
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - M Ogino
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - M S I Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - R Makino
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - M A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Alexander SPH, Christopoulos A, Davenport AP, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176 Suppl 1:S21-S141. [PMID: 31710717 PMCID: PMC6844580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.14748. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2019, and supersedes data presented in the 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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Raghuvanshi R, Chaudhari A, Kumar GN. 2-Ketogluconic acid and pyrroloquinoline quinone secreting probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as a dietary strategy against heavy metal induced damage in rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Ferreira R, Gama A, Oliveira PA, Ginja M. Antihistamines as promising drugs in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2017; 172:27-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Alexander SP, Davenport AP, Kelly E, Marrion N, Peters JA, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5744-869. [PMID: 26650439 PMCID: PMC4718210 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13348/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The Concise Guide is published in landscape format in order to facilitate comparison of related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2015, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in the previous Guides to Receptors & Channels and the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Neil Marrion
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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Intraluminal nonbacterial intestinal components control gut and lung injury after trauma hemorrhagic shock. Ann Surg 2015; 260:1112-20. [PMID: 24646554 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether the mucus layer, luminal digestive enzymes, and intestinal mast cells are critical components in the pathogenesis of trauma shock-induced gut and lung injury. BACKGROUND Gut origin sepsis studies have highlighted the importance of the systemic component (ischemia-reperfusion) of gut injury, whereas the intraluminal component is less well studied. METHODS In rats subjected to trauma hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) or sham shock, the role of pancreatic enzymes in gut injury was tested by diversion of pancreatic enzymes via pancreatic duct exteriorization whereas the role of the mucus layer was tested via the enteral administration of a mucus surrogate. In addition, the role of mast cells was assessed by measuring mast cell activation and the ability of pharmacologic inhibition of mast cells to abrogate gut and lung injury. Gut and mucus injury was characterized functionally, morphologically, and chemically. RESULTS Pancreatic duct exteriorization abrogated T/HS-induced gut barrier loss and limited chemical mucus changes. The mucus surrogate prevented T/HS-induced gut and lung injury. Finally, pancreatic enzyme-induced gut and lung injury seems to involve mast cell activation because T/HS activates mast cells and pharmacologic inhibition of intestinal mast cells prevented T/HS-induced gut and lung injury. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that gut and gut-induced lung injury after T/HS involves a complex process consisting of intraluminal digestive enzymes, the unstirred mucus layer, and a systemic ischemic-reperfusion injury. This suggests the possibility of intraluminal therapeutic strategies.
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Mattsson C, Andreasson T, Waters N, Sonesson C. Systematic in vivo screening of a series of 1-propyl-4-arylpiperidines against dopaminergic and serotonergic properties in rat brain: a scaffold-jumping approach. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9735-50. [PMID: 23043306 DOI: 10.1021/jm300975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-propyl-4-arylpiperidines were synthesized and their effects on the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems tested in vivo and in vitro. Scaffold jumping among five- and six-membered bicyclic aryl rings attached to the piperidine ring had a marked impact on these effects. Potent and selective dopamine D(2) receptor antagonists were generated from 3-indoles, 3-benzoisoxazoles, 3-benzimidazol-2-one, and 3-benzothiophenes. In contrast, 3-benzofuran was a potent and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A. The effects of the synthesized compounds on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels correlated very well with their affinity for dopamine D(2) receptors and MAO A. In the 4-arylpiperidine series, the most promising compound for development was the 6-chloro-3-(1-propyl-4-piperidyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-one (19), which displayed typical dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist properties in vivo but produced only a partial reduction on spontaneous locomotor activity. This indicates that the compound may have a lower propensity to induce parkinsonism in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Mattsson
- NeuroSearch Sweden AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fiechter D, Kats S, Brands R, van Middelaar B, Pasterkamp G, de Kleijn D, Seinen W. Bovine Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Reduces Inflammation After Induction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice. Cardiol Res 2011; 2:236-242. [PMID: 28357012 PMCID: PMC5358284 DOI: 10.4021/cr81w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been increasing evidence suggesting that lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin may be an important activator of the innate immune system after acute myocardial infarction. Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase reduces inflammation in several endotoxin mediated diseases by dephosphorylation of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase on reducing inflammation after acute myocardial infarction. Methods Just before permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary (LAD) artery to induce acute myocardial infarction in Balb/c mice, bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (bIAP) was administrated intravenously. After 4 hours, mice were sacrificed and the inflammatory response was assessed. Acute myocardial infarction induced the production of different cytokines, which were measured in blood. Results Treatment with bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase resulted in a significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and the chymase mouse mast cell protease-1. No difference in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed between the control group and the bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase treated group. Conclusion In a mouse model of permanent LAD coronary artery ligation, bIAP diminishes the pro-inflammatory responses but does not have an effect on the anti-inflammatory response in the acute phase after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fiechter
- Institute for Risk Assessment, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Kats
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Brands
- Institute for Risk Assessment, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben van Middelaar
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Seinen
- Institute for Risk Assessment, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Levels of endocannabinoids and palmitoylethanolamide and their pharmacological manipulation in chronic granulomatous inflammation in rats. Pharmacol Res 2010; 61:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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De Lisle RC, Meldi L, Roach E, Flynn M, Sewell R. Mast cells and gastrointestinal dysmotility in the cystic fibrosis mouse. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4283. [PMID: 19172182 PMCID: PMC2627938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) has many effects on the gastrointestinal tract and a common problem in this disease is poor nutrition. In the CF mouse there is an innate immune response with a large influx of mast cells into the muscularis externa of the small intestine and gastrointestinal dysmotility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of mast cells in gastrointestinal dysmotility using the CF mouse (Cftr(tm1UNC), Cftr knockout). METHODOLOGY Wild type (WT) and CF mice were treated for 3 weeks with mast cell stabilizing drugs (ketotifen, cromolyn, doxantrazole) or were treated acutely with a mast cell activator (compound 48/80). Gastrointestinal transit was measured using gavage of a fluorescent tracer. RESULTS In CF mice gastric emptying at 20 min post-gavage did not differ from WT, but was significantly less than in WT at 90 min post-gavage. Gastric emptying was significantly increased in WT mice by doxantrazole, but none of the mast cell stabilizers had any significant effect on gastric emptying in CF mice. Mast cell activation significantly enhanced gastric emptying in WT mice but not in CF mice. Small intestinal transit was significantly less in CF mice as compared to WT. Of the mast cell stabilizers, only doxantrazole significantly affected small intestinal transit in WT mice and none had any effect in CF mice. Mast cell activation resulted in a small but significant increase in small intestinal transit in CF mice but not WT mice. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that mast cells are not involved in gastrointestinal dysmotility but their activation can stimulate small intestinal transit in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C De Lisle
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America.
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Moriez R, Leveque M, Salvador-Cartier C, Barreau F, Theodorou V, Fioramonti J, Bueno L, Eutamene H. Mucosal mast cell proteases are involved in colonic permeability alterations and subsequent bacterial translocation in endotoxemic rats. Shock 2007; 28:118-24. [PMID: 17510603 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3180315ba9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
LPS-induced endotoxemia is associated with gut immune stimulation, mucosal inflammation, colonic paracellular permeability (CPP) alteration, and it promotes bacterial translocation (BT). Gut permeability increase linked to LPS promotes mucosal barrier dysfunction resulting to BT. However, the mechanisms involved in these alterations remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the role of colonic mucosal mast cells and luminal serine protease activity (PA) in the alterations of CPP and BT induced by LPS. Rats receiving doxantrazole, a mast cell stabilizer, combined or not with LPS from Escherichia coli and CPP as well as BT were evaluated after each treatment. Mucosal mast cell activation was assessed by histological methods and by rat mast cell protease 2 level measurement in colonic content. Colonic luminal PA and mucosal inflammation (myeloperoxidase activity) were biochemically determined. In addition, the ability of luminal contents to act on CPP was evaluated in vitro in Ussing chambers. Peripheral administration of LPS promoted mast cell degranulation and increased CPP, BT, mucosal myeloperoxidase activity as well as rat mast cell protease 2 levels, and PA in colonic content. LPS-induced CPP increase and BT were prevented by doxantrazole. In vitro, exposure of the apical side of colonic tissues with supernatants from colonic contents of LPS-treated rats increased CPP. This effect was blocked by the serine protease inhibitor soybean trypsin inhibitor. Our data bring evidence of a key role of mucosal mast cells in LPS-induced increase of CPP and BT through the release of serine proteases into the colonic lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Moriez
- 4MR 1054, INRA, Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, ESA-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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De Filippis D, Russo A, De Stefano D, Maiuri MC, Esposito G, Cinelli MP, Pietropaolo C, Carnuccio R, Russo G, Iuvone T. Local administration of WIN 55,212-2 reduces chronic granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rat by inhibiting NF-κB activation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 85:635-45. [PMID: 17447045 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with granuloma formation that is a hallmark of many human diseases. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) plays a central role in this process by regulating the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Cannabinoids (CBs) from Cannabis sativa L. exert a large number of biological effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. In this study, we investigated the role of CBs on granuloma formation induced by lambda-carrageenin-soaked sponge implant in rat. Our results show that local administration of WIN 55,212-2, a CB(1)/CB(2) agonist, given daily or at time of implantation significantly decreased weight and neo-angiogenesis in granuloma tissue and inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)/DNA binding that was associated with a reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression. Also, arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a CB(1) selective agonist, and JWH-015, a CB(2) selective agonist, exhibited the same effects that were reversed by SR141716-A and SR144528, respectively, CB(1) and CB(2) selective antagonists. These results indicate that CBs given locally may represent a potential therapeutic tool in controlling chronic inflammation avoiding psychotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Filippis
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy
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15
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Håkansson A, Stene C, Mihaescu A, Molin G, Ahrné S, Thorlacius H, Jeppsson B. Rose hip and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse colon. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:2094-101. [PMID: 17009115 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the colon is an inflammatory condition that leads to tissue injury where reactive oxygen species play a central role. Rose hip is rich in biologically active polyphenols with antioxidative properties, which may be important in prevention of lipid peroxidation. L. plantarum DSM 9843 possesses enzymatic activity towards polyphenols. The objective of this study was to define the effect of oral administration of L. plantarum and rose hip in I/R injury. Administration of rose hip and L. plantarum significantly decreased MDA levels in caecum tissue and Enterobacteriaceae counts in caecum stool. A positive correlation between MDA levels and Enterobacteriaceae counts was found. The results support a synergistic/additive role of rose hip and L. plantarum in reducing lipid peroxidation. Therefore rose hip and L. plantarum may be used as a pretreatment to tissue injuries, e.g. colonic surgery, organ transplantation and vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Håkansson
- Food Hygiene, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GVZ, Schmidt H. Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2006; 187:1-17. [PMID: 16313912 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several naturally occurring constituents have received considerable attention because of their potential antioxidant activity. Consuming a diet rich in natural antioxidants has been associated with prevention from and/or treatment of atherosclerosis. Bioactive components of food, which are of special interest, include the Vitamins E and C, polyphenols, carotenoids-mainly lycopene and beta-carotene, and coenzyme Q10, featured by antioxidant properties. Antioxidant therapy is supposed to be effective in the early stages of atherosclerosis by preventing LDL oxidation and the oxidative lesion of endothelium. This review focuses on the effect of dietary antioxidants pertained to LDL oxidation and to the vascular endothelial dysfunction. Now that the human genome has been completely sequenced, genetic factors involved in oxidation may open new horizons to identify persons at risk for cardiovascular disease, allowing effective dietary intervention strategies to recover normal homeostasis and to prevent diet-related implications. On this basis, current studies on the action of selected antioxidant nutraceuticals on the activity of transcription factors, such as final targets in the signal transduction cascade and gene regulation, may emerge into new treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece.
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17
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Berger G, Berger R, Goldberg A. Ketotifen induced inhibition of histamine release in a non-IgE model of middle ear effusion. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17:43-8. [PMID: 16426254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of ketotifen, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer, were examined on a non-IgE experimental model of middle ear effusion. Thirty rats were divided into three groups. Group A (n = 9) was subjected to mechanical stimulation of the external auditory canal (EAC); group B (n = 11) was pre-treated with intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 mg ketotifen, 90 min before mechanical stimulation of the EAC; and group C (n = 10), the control group, was neither exposed to mechanical stimulation nor given ketotifen. Thirty minutes after completion of the experiment, the eardrums were inspected, histamine levels were determined by a fluorometric assay, and the pars flaccida underwent histological assessment. An attic effusion was observed in group A; a similar phenomenon but to a lesser extent was also seen in group B. Statistical analysis confirmed that the mean histamine concentration of the rinsing fluid obtained from group A was significantly higher than that of group C (p = 0.004) or group B (p = 0.008). No significant difference was found between the mean histamine concentration of groups C and group B (p = 0.311). Histological assessment revealed that the thickness of the pars flaccida of group A was considerably greater than that of groups C and B and was characterized by marked edema. Furthermore, the pars flaccida mast cell population was significantly depleted compared with groups C and B. The data indicate that mechanical stimulation of the EAC triggered the pars flaccida mast cells to degranulate in a non-mediated IgE fashion and that histamine is implicated in most of these histological changes. It is concluded that administration of ketotifen before mechanical stimulation of the EAC had a stabilizing effect and abolished mast cell degranulation, therefore, may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of middle ear disease in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilead Berger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel.
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18
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Russo A, Russo G, Peticca M, Pietropaolo C, Di Rosa M, Iuvone T. Inhibition of granuloma-associated angiogenesis by controlling mast cell mediator release: role of mast cell protease-5. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 145:24-33. [PMID: 15723097 PMCID: PMC1576110 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Revised: 09/30/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of mast cells in granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rat by using: (i) a mast cell membrane stabilizer, ketotifen; (ii) a mast cell depleting agent, compound 48/80. Moreover, we focused on the role of chymases, which exhibit proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties by using: (i) chymostatin, an inhibitor of chymase activity; (ii) a specific antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) designed against rat mast cell protease-5 (rMCP-5), the most abundantly expressed chymase in the skin. The formation of granuloma was evaluated, as wet weight, 96 h after the subcutaneous implant of two lambda-carrageenin (1%)-soaked sponges on the back of male Wistar rats. Angiogenesis was evaluated as haemoglobin content in the granulomatous tissue and as level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the exudates. A single injection of ketotifen (1-5-25 mg kg(-1) i.p.) significantly reduced granuloma formation by 31.6, 44.6 and 71.9%, and haemoglobin content by 17.0, 35.0 and 66.2%, suggesting that the release of mediator(s) from mast cells modulates the process. Chymostatin (5-10 nmol(-1) site(-1) day(-1)) reduced granuloma-associated angiogenesis by 57.3 and 70.0%. RT-PCR analysis showed that rMCP-5 mRNA amounts were significantly reduced by rMCP-5 AS-ODN (1.25-2.5-5.0 nmol site(-1)) by 69.5, 72.5 and 81.8%. In parallel experiments, rMCP-5 AS-ODN (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 nmol site(-1)) strongly reduced granuloma weight (26.1, 45.0 and 56.3%) and haemoglobin content (22.2, 50.4, 62.03%), suggesting that the observed effect is mediated through an antisense mechanism. In conclusion, these data suggest that: (i) inhibition of mast cell mediators release may represent a novel strategy to modulate angiogenesis; (ii) among the chymase family, rMCP-5 is a key promoter of angiogenesis in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapina Russo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università ‘Federico II', Via Pansini 5, Napoli I-80131, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università ‘Federico II', Via Pansini 5, Napoli I-80131, Italy
| | - Manuela Peticca
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università ‘Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49 Napoli, I-80131, Italy
| | - Concetta Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università ‘Federico II', Via Pansini 5, Napoli I-80131, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Rosa
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università ‘Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49 Napoli, I-80131, Italy
| | - Teresa Iuvone
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università ‘Federico II', Via Domenico Montesano 49 Napoli, I-80131, Italy
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19
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de Jonge WJ, The FO, van der Coelen D, Bennink RJ, Reitsma PH, van Deventer SJ, van den Wijngaard RM, Boeckxstaens GE. Mast cell degranulation during abdominal surgery initiates postoperative ileus in mice. Gastroenterology 2004; 127:535-45. [PMID: 15300586 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammation of the intestinal muscularis following manipulation during surgery plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus. Here, we evaluate the role of mast cell activation in the recruitment of infiltrates in a murine model. METHODS Twenty-four hours after control laparotomy or intestinal manipulation, gastric emptying was determined. Mast cell degranulation was determined by measurement of mast cell protease-I in peritoneal fluid. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by determination of tissue myeloperoxidase activity and histochemical staining. RESULTS Intestinal manipulation elicited a significant increase in mast cell protease-I levels in peritoneal fluid and resulted in recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates to the intestinal muscularis. This infiltrate was associated with a delay in gastric emptying 24 hours after surgery. Pretreatment with mast cell stabilizers ketotifen (1 mg/kg, p.o.) or doxantrazole (5 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented both manipulation-induced inflammation and gastroparesis. Reciprocally, in vivo exposure of an ileal loop to the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 (0.2 mg/mL for 1 minute) induced muscular inflammation and delayed gastric emptying. The manipulation-induced inflammation was dependent on the presence of mast cells because intestinal manipulation in mast cell-deficient Kit/Kitv mice did not elicit significant leukocyte recruitment. Reconstitution of Kit/Kitv mice with cultured bone marrow-derived mast cells from congenic wild types restored the manipulation-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that degranulation of connective tissue mast cells is a key event for the establishment of the intestinal infiltrate that mediates postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Iba Y, Sugimoto Y, Kamei C, Masukawa T. Possible role of mucosal mast cells in the recovery process of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:485-91. [PMID: 12689654 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of mucosal mast cells in the lesion sites of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats, we investigated the histological changes and alterations relevant to mucosal mast cells in the spontaneous recovery process of colitis. Oral administration of 4% DSS solution for 11 days resulted in surface epithelial loss, crypt loss and goblet cell depletion in the rectal mucosa. A marked infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa, which was consistent with a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, was observed. In addition, mucosal mast cell number and rat mast cell protease (RMCP) I and II levels in the rectum increased at day 0 after DSS treatment, and most of the mucosal mast cells were degranulated. After replacing 4% DSS solution with water, re-epithelialization and restoration of goblet cells were observed at day 5 and day 10, respectively, but crypt damage was hardly recovered even at day 20. The elevated myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased from day 5 after DSS treatment. The increased number of mucosal mast cells was further elevated up to about 1.5-fold at day 10 and day 20 after DSS treatment and little degranulation was observed. In the spontaneous recovery process, the increased rat mast cell protease II level in the rectum was maintained for 20 days, while the increased rat mast cell protease I level was gradually decreased and recovered to control level. These results suggest that proliferated mucosal mast cells remained for 20 days, although most of infiltrated inflammatory cells disappeared in spontaneous recovery process of colitis. It may therefore be presumed that proliferated mucosal mast cells play a role in spontaneous recovery process of the colitis induced by DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Iba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
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21
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Cornish AS, Jijon H, Yachimec C, Madsen KL. Peroxynitrite enhances the ability of Salmonella dublin to invade T84 monolayers. Shock 2002; 18:93-6. [PMID: 12095142 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200207000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the intestine, epithelial cells continually produce and secrete low levels of nitric oxide (NO). Salmonella sp. invade epithelium by responding to environmental stimuli. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) on S. dublin and S. typhimurium growth and invasion of T84 epithelial monolayers. Intracellular NO formation was inhibited by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) or N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, monoacetate (L-NMMA); extracellular NO and peroxynitrite were scavenged with ferro-hemoglobin or urate. The effect of authentic peroxynitrite (ONOO-); 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), which releases ONOO- via NO and superoxide; spermine NONOate, which releases only NO; or superoxide generated by xanthine oxidase and pterin on S. dublin and S. typhimurium growth and invasion were examined. Inhibition of NO synthesis and scavenging of extracellular NO or peroxynitrite reduced S. dublin invasion into T84 monolayers and enhanced bacterial growth. Pre-exposure of S. dublin to ONOO- and SIN-1 increased subsequent bacterial invasion into T84 monolayers. Conversely, exposure of bacteria to spermine NONOate or superoxide did not affect S. dublin invasion. In contrast, S. typhimurium invasion was not affected by pre-treatment with NO donors. In conclusion, exposure of S. dublin to ONOO- enhances the ability of the bacteria to invade epithelial cells. These results suggest that luminal ONOO- may have a novel role as an extracellular signal between invasive bacteria and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Cornish
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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22
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Tigani B, Hannon JP, Rondeau C, Mazzoni L, Fozard JR. Airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced by lipopolysaccharide in Brown Norway rats. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 136:111-9. [PMID: 11976275 PMCID: PMC1762115 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2001] [Revised: 02/04/2002] [Accepted: 02/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have explored the effects of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) on the response of the airways of Brown Norway (BN) rats to adenosine. Comparisons have been drawn with the effects on responses to methacholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. In vehicle-challenged animals, adenosine, given i.v. was only a weak bronchoconstrictor. In contrast, 1 h following intratracheal administration of LPS, 0.3 mg kg-1, bronchoconstrictor responses to adenosine were markedly and selectively enhanced. At this time point, there were no significant changes in leukocyte numbers, eosinophil peroxidase and myeloperoxidase activities or protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Twenty-four hours after challenge, the sensitivity of the airways to both adenosine and methacholine was reduced relative to the earlier time point and there were substantial increases in each marker of inflammation in BAL fluid. The bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine was blocked selectively by methysergide, disodium cromoglycate and the broad-spectrum adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-SPT, but not by DPCPX or ZM 243185, selective antagonists for the A1 and A2A receptors, respectively. Thus, the response to adenosine augmented following LPS is mast cell mediated and involves a receptor which can be blocked by 8-SPT but not by selective A1 or A2A receptor antagonists. It thus bears similarity to the augmented response to adenosine induced by allergen challenge in actively sensitized BN rats. Exposure to LPS could be a factor along with allergen in determining the increased sensitivity of the airways of asthmatics to adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tigani
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J P Hannon
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Rondeau
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Mazzoni
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J R Fozard
- Research Department, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Tore F, Reynier-Rebuffel AM, Tuncel N, Callebert J, Aubineau P. Effects of sepsis on mast cells in rat dura mater: influence of L-NAME and VIP. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:1367-74. [PMID: 11724741 PMCID: PMC1573094 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis on the various mast cell phenotypes of rat dura mater were examined both by immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. 2. Three different populations of mast cells were identified in control rats: connective tissue type mast cells (CTMC) which contain rat mast cell protease1 (RMCP1), histamine, serotonin and heparin, mucosal type mast cells (MMC) which contain RMCP2, histamine and serotonin, and intermediate type which contains both RMCP1 and RMCP2 and probably various proportions of amines and heparin. 3. LPS (25 mg kg(-1) i.p.) caused changes in the proportions of the various types of mast cells. The number of MMC and intermediate type mast cells significantly increased and the number of mast cells immunopositive for both heparin and serotonin significantly decreased. Biochemical analysis showed that the histamine concentration of dura increased while its serotonin concentration decreased. 4. While vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (25 ng kg(-1) i.p.) appears to potentiate LPS effects on dura mater mast cells, non-selective inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase by N(g)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (30 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not influence sepsis-induced mast cell changes. 5. These findings suggest that mast cells of dura mater may play a role in brain protection during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tore
- Vascular Pharmacology and Physiopathology, CNRS, UMR 5017, University Bordeaux II, 146, rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - N Tuncel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Meselik, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - J Callebert
- CR Claude Bernard Experimental Pathology and Cellular Communication, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Hospital Lariboisiere, Paris, France
| | - P Aubineau
- Vascular Pharmacology and Physiopathology, CNRS, UMR 5017, University Bordeaux II, 146, rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Author for correspondence:
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24
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Watts SW, Yang P, Banes AK, Baez M. Activation of Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins by vascular serotonin receptors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001; 38:539-51. [PMID: 11588524 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200110000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor-mediated rat arterial contraction was dependent on activation of tyrosine kinases, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase. In the current study, we examined arterial smooth muscle for the presence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 5-HT 1B, 5-HT 1D, 5-HT 1F, 5-HT 2A, 5-HT 2B, and 5-HT 7 receptor mRNA and hypothesized that, if present, activation of these receptors would stimulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) MAPK pathway and an Erk MAPK-dependent contraction. RT-PCR analyses of rat aortic smooth muscle cells, cultured and fresh, indicated the presence of 5-HT 1B, 5-HT 1D, 5-HT 1F, 5-HT 2A, 5-HT 2B, and 5-HT 7 receptor mRNA. The 5-HT 1B agonists RU24969 and CGS12066B, 5-HT 1B/1D/1F receptor agonist sumatriptan, and 5-HT 2B receptor agonist BW723C86 (10(-9) - 10(-4) M ) did not contract the aorta, nor did the 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist LY215840 leftward shift 5-HT-induced contraction. The 5-HT 1E/1F receptor agonist BRL54443 induced contraction, but this was abolished by the 5-HT 2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (10 nM ); contraction was not observed with a different 5-HT 1F receptor agonist, LY344864. 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT produced a concentration-dependent increase in Erk MAPK activity in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells and in aorta contracted with these agonists. All other agonists were inactive; a high concentration of BRL54443 (10 microM ) stimulated Erk MAPK activation (150% basal). Thus, while mRNA and possibly protein for multiple 5-HT receptors are present in aortic smooth muscle, only the 5-HT 2A receptor plays a significant role in directly modulating contractility and activating the Erk MAPK pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1317, USA.
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25
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Peh KH, Moulson A, Wan BY, Assem EK, Pearce FL. Role of nitric oxide in histamine release from human basophils and rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 425:229-38. [PMID: 11513842 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a range of nitric oxide (NO)-related compounds on histamine release from human basophils and rat peritoneal mast cells were studied. Basal and immunologic histamine releases from human basophils were not affected by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, aminoguanidine or methylene blue (all inhibitors of NO production), sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor), L-arginine (a substrate for NO synthase) or D-arginine (the inactive enantiomer of L-arginine). In rat peritoneal mast cells, NO donors such as sodium nitroprusside, sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate, and lipopolysaccharide (an inducer of NO synthase) had little effect on basal histamine release, while 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1, an NO donor), L-arginine and D-arginine increased this release by up to threefold. None of the inhibitors of NO production had any striking effect on histamine release induced by anti-rat immunoglobulin E (IgE), compound 48/80, sodium fluoride, phospholipase C, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol or ionophore A23187. However, haemoglobin was found to inhibit histamine release by anti-rat IgE or A23187 by ca. 40%. Alone of the NO donors, low concentrations of L-arginine produced a mild inhibition of histamine release induced by anti-IgE, compound 48/80 and A23187, but not other ligands, while sodium nitroprusside dose-dependently inhibited (by a maximum of ca. 30%) histamine release by anti-rat IgE, sodium fluoride or A23187. Stimulation with a variety of secretagogues or treatment with L-arginine, D-arginine, lipopolysaccharide, SIN-1 or sodium nitroprusside had no effect on NO production. Similarly, L-arginine, D-arginine or sodium nitroprusside did not change intracellular cGMP levels. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that NO does not play a significant role in the modulation of histamine release from human basophils or rat peritoneal mast cells. The effects of L-arginine, D-arginine and sodium nitroprusside may involve mechanisms unrelated to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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26
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Abstract
The present study is designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and cardiac mast cells in the cardioprotective effect of endotoxin in isolated rat heart subjected to 30 min of global ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Endotoxin (2.5 mg kg(-1); i.p.) was administered 8 h before subjecting the heart to global ischaemia. Endotoxin pretreatment markedly reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), markers of cardiac injury, in coronary effluent and the percentage incidence of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) during the reperfusion phase. Endotoxin pretreatment significantly increased the release of nitrite prior to and after global ischaemia. On the other hand, endotoxin pretreatment decreased the release of mast cell peroxidase (MPO) during the reperfusion phase. The cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effect of endotoxin pretreatment was abolished by dexamethasone (3 mg kg(-1); i.p.) or l -canavanine (20 mg kg(-1); i.p.) given 1 h before the administration of endotoxin. It is proposed that the cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effect of the endotoxin may be ascribed to the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and subsequent increase in the release of NO. NO may stabilize cardiac mast cells and consequently decrease the release of cytotoxic mediators from these cells. Prevention of degranulation of cardiac mast cells may be responsible for the cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of the endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
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27
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Ruh J, Vogel F, Schmidt E. In vivo assessment of villous microcirculation in the rat small intestine in indomethacin-induced inflammation: role of mast-cell stabilizer Ketotifen. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2000; 170:137-43. [PMID: 11114951 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin induces an inflammatory reaction in the small intestine in several rat strains. This animal model is widely used to study the implications of intestinal inflammation. Macroscopically, there is evidence that Indomethacin induces a hyperaemic inflammatory reaction in the mucosa, and in our previous studies, we found a significant increase in villous perfusion in the acutely inflamed small intestine. Mast-cell activation was found to take part in inflammatory reactions in several organ systems in various species. However, no data are available about the effect of mast-cell degranulation on the perfusion of the mucosa in Indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we used the mast-cell stabilizer Ketotifen to identify if mast-cell activation may contribute to changes in the perfusion of single villi in the rat ileum. We found that Ketotifen significantly reduced the Indomethacin induced increased blood flow in the main arteriole 60 min after i.v. application, indicating that mast-cell degranulation effects microcirculatory disturbances in the mucosa in Indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ruh
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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28
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Iuvone T, Den Bossche RV, D'Acquisto F, Carnuccio R, Herman AG. Evidence that mast cell degranulation, histamine and tumour necrosis factor alpha release occur in LPS-induced plasma leakage in rat skin. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128:700-4. [PMID: 10516651 PMCID: PMC1571670 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/1999] [Revised: 06/20/1999] [Accepted: 07/13/1999] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. In the present study we investigated the role of mast cells during inflammation in rat skin. As the release of several pro-inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), occurs following mast cell activation we studied whether mast cell degranulation and the release of both histamine (H) and TNFalpha occurred in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced plasma leakage in rat skin. 2. Plasma leakage in the rat skin was measured over a period of 2 h as the local accumulation of intravenous injection of 125I-human serum albumin (125I-HSA) in response to intradermal injection of LPS. LPS (10 microg site-1) produced an increase of plasma leakage (50.1+/-2.3 microl site-1) as compared to saline (9.0+/-3.2 microl site-1). Histological analysis of rat tissue showed that LPS induced a remarkable mast cell degranulation (59.8+/-2.1%) as compared to saline (13.5+/-2.2%). 3. Ketotifen (10-9 - 10-7 mol site-1), a well-known mast cell-membrane stabilizer, produced a dose-related inhibition of LPS-induced plasma leakage by 36+/-3.5%, 47+/-4.0%, 60+/-3.3% respectively. In addition, ketotifen (10-7 mol site-1) inhibited mast cell degranulation by 59. 2+/-2.7%. 4. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) (10-9 - 10-7 mol site-1), an H1 histamine receptor antagonist only partially inhibited LPS-induced plasma leakage in rat skin (38+/-1.1% at the highest dose). Furthermore, CPM (10-7 mol site-1) did not prevent mast cell degranulation. 5. A polyclonal antibody against TNFalpha (1:500, 1:100, 1:50 v v-1 dilution), locally injected, decreased LPS-induced plasma leakage in the skin by 15+/-2.0%, 24+/-2.1% and 50+/-3.0% respectively. 6. Taken together these results suggest that LPS-induced plasma leakage in rat skin is mediated, at least in part, by mast cell degranulation and by the release of histamine and TNFalpha from these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iuvone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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29
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Bjorling DE, Jerde TJ, Zine MJ, Busser BW, Saban MR, Saban R. Mast cells mediate the severity of experimental cystitis in mice. J Urol 1999; 162:231-6. [PMID: 10379792 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199907000-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that experimental cystitis induced by substance P (SP) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would be less severe in mice rendered mast cell deficient by genetic manipulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two strains of mast-cell deficient mice (WBB6F1- kitW/kitW-v or kitW/kitW-v and WCB6F1-Sl/Sld or Sl/Sld) and their congenic, normal (+/+) counterparts were used. Cystitis was induced in female mice by intravenous injection of SP (0.1 ml.; 10(-6) M) or E. coli LPS (0.1 ml.; 2 mg./ml.), and inflammation was assessed by Evans blue dye extravasation. In a separate group of kitW/kitW-v and congenic normal mice, cystitis was induced by intravesical infusion of SP (0.05 ml.; 10(-5) M) or E. coli LPS (0.05 ml.; 100 microg./ml.) and compared with intravesical pyrogen-free saline (0.05 ml.; 0.9%). Severity of cystitis was determined by histological evaluation of the bladder wall 24 hours after intravesical infusions. RESULTS Intravenous SP or LPS stimulated increased plasma extravasation in congenic normal mice but not in mast cell-deficient mice. Intravesical SP or LPS resulted in increased edema, leukocytic infiltration, and hemorrhage within the bladder wall in congenic normal mice, but the only histological evidence of inflammation in the bladders of kitW/kitW-v mice was increased hemorrhage in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that mast cells modulate the inflammatory response of the bladder to SP and LPS in mice. Although clinical trials of the use of antihistamines to treat or prevent cystitis have not been successful, these results suggest that therapies directed toward preventing mast cell activation may yet prove effective in treating cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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