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Tanaka F, Mazzardo G, Salm DC, de Oliveira BH, Joaquim L, Machado RS, Cidreira T, Petronilho FC, Bittencourt EB, Bianco G, Bobinski F, Piovezan AP, Srbely JZ, Shah JP, Moré AOO, Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF. Peripheral Activation of Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/ALX by Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammatory Pain by Increasing Interleukin-10 Levels and Catalase Activity in Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 529:1-15. [PMID: 37572879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the electroacupuncture (EA) neurobiological mechanisms, we have previously demonstrated the involvement of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) in the antihyperalgesic effect of EA. The present study investigated the involvement of peripheral FPR2/ALX in the antihyperalgesic effect of EA on inflammatory cytokines levels, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. Male Swiss mice underwent intraplantar (i.pl.) injection with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed with von Frey monofilaments. Animals were treated with EA (2/10 Hz, ST36-SP6, 20 minutes) for 4 consecutive days. From the first to the fourth day after CFA injection, animals received i.pl. WRW4 (FPR2/ALX antagonist) or saline before EA. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), oxidative stress markers (TBARS, protein carbonyl, nitrite/nitrate ratio), and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in paw tissue samples. As previously demonstrated, i.pl. injection of the FPR2/ALX antagonist prevented the antihyperalgesic effect induced by EA. Furthermore, animals treated with EA showed higher levels of IL-10 and catalase activity in the inflamed paw, and these effects were prevented by the antagonist WRW4. EA did not change levels of TNF and IL-6, SOD and MPO activity, and oxidative stress markers. Our work demonstrates that the antihyperalgesic effect of EA on CFA-induced inflammatory pain could be partially associated with higher IL-10 levels and catalase activity, and that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the activation of peripheral FPR2/ALX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Tanaka
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mazzardo
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daiana C Salm
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruna H de Oliveira
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Richard S Machado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaina Cidreira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia C Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Gianluca Bianco
- Research Laboratory of Posturology and Neuromodulation RELPON, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Italy; Istituto di Formazione in Agopuntura e Neuromodulazione IFAN, Roma, Italy
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Piovezan
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - John Z Srbely
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay P Shah
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ari O O Moré
- Integrative Medicine and Acupuncture Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Zhao Q, Sheng MF, Wang YY, Wang XY, Liu WY, Zhang YY, Ke TY, Chen S, Pang GZ, Yong L, Ding Z, Shen YJ, Shen YX, Shao W. LncRNA Gm26917 regulates inflammatory response in macrophages by enhancing Annexin A1 ubiquitination in LPS-induced acute liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:975250. [PMID: 36386180 PMCID: PMC9663662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.975250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides that have little or no coding potential. LncRNAs function as key regulators in diverse physiological and pathological processes. However, the roles of lncRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) are still elusive. In this study, we report the roles of lncRNA Gm26917 induced by LPS in modulating liver inflammation. As key components of the innate immune system, macrophages play critical roles in the initiation, progression and resolution of ALI. Our studies demonstrated that Gm26917 localized in the cytoplasm of hepatic macrophages and globally regulated the expression of inflammatory genes and the differentiation of macrophages. In vivo study showed that lentivirus-mediated gene silencing of Gm26917 attenuated liver inflammation and protected mice from LPS-induced ALI. Furthermore, mechanistic study showed that the 3'-truncation of Gm26917 interacted with the N-terminus of Annexin A1, a negative regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway. We also found that Gm26917 knockdown suppressed NF-κB activity by decreasing the ubiquitination of Annexin A1 and its interaction with NEMO. In addition, expression of Gm26917 in inflammatory macrophages was regulated by the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). LPS treatment dramatically increased the binding of FOXM1 to the promoter region of Gm26917 in macrophages. In summary, our findings suggest that lncRNA Gm26917 silencing protects against LPS-induced liver injury by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Fei Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao-Yun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Yi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiao-Ying Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gao-Zong Pang
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Yong
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xian Shen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Mui L, Martin CM, Tschirhart BJ, Feng Q. Therapeutic Potential of Annexins in Sepsis and COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735472. [PMID: 34566657 PMCID: PMC8458574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a continuing problem in modern healthcare, with a relatively high prevalence, and a significant mortality rate worldwide. Currently, no specific anti-sepsis treatment exists despite decades of research on developing potential therapies. Annexins are molecules that show efficacy in preclinical models of sepsis but have not been investigated as a potential therapy in patients with sepsis. Human annexins play important roles in cell membrane dynamics, as well as mediation of systemic effects. Most notably, annexins are highly involved in anti-inflammatory processes, adaptive immunity, modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, as well as protective shielding of cells from phagocytosis. These discoveries led to the development of analogous peptides which mimic their physiological function, and investigation into the potential of using the annexins and their analogous peptides as therapeutic agents in conditions where inflammation and coagulation play a large role in the pathophysiology. In numerous studies, treatment with recombinant human annexins and annexin analogue peptides have consistently found positive outcomes in animal models of sepsis, myocardial infarction, and ischemia reperfusion injury. Annexins A1 and A5 improve organ function and reduce mortality in animal sepsis models, inhibit inflammatory processes, reduce inflammatory mediator release, and protect against ischemic injury. The mechanisms of action and demonstrated efficacy of annexins in animal models support development of annexins and their analogues for the treatment of sepsis. The effects of annexin A5 on inflammation and platelet activation may be particularly beneficial in disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human annexin A5 are currently being studied in clinical trials in sepsis and severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mui
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio M Martin
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J Tschirhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Reischl S, Lee JH, Miltschitzky JRE, Vieregge V, Walter RL, Twardy V, Kasajima A, Friess H, Kamaly N, Neumann PA. Ac2-26-Nanoparticles Induce Resolution of Intestinal Inflammation and Anastomotic Healing via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in a Model of Perioperative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1379-1393. [PMID: 33512505 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although in most patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, conservative therapy is successful, a significant proportion of patients still require surgery once in their lifetime. Development of a safe perioperative treatment to dampen colitis activity without disturbance of anastomotic healing is an urgent and unmet medical need. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been shown to be effective in reducing colitis activity. Herein, a nanoparticle-based perioperative treatment approach was used for analysis of the effects of ANXA1 on the resolution of inflammation after surgery for colitis. METHODS Anxa1-knockout mice were used to delineate the effects of ANXA1 on anastomotic healing. A murine model of preoperative dextran sodium sulfate colitis was performed. Collagen-IV-targeted polymeric nanoparticles, loaded with the ANXA1 biomimetic peptide Ac2-26 (Ac2-26-NPs), were synthesized and administered perioperatively during colitis induction. The effects of the Ac2-26-NPs on postoperative recovery and anastomotic healing were evaluated using the disease activity index, histological healing scores, and weight monitoring. Ultimately, whole-genome RNA sequencing of the anastomotic tissue was performed to unravel underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Anxa1-knockout exacerbated the inflammatory response in the healing anastomosis. Treatment with Ac2-26-NPs improved preoperative colitis activity (P < 0.045), postoperative healing scores (P < 0.018), and weight recovery (P < 0.015). Whole-genome RNA sequencing revealed that the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling was associated with the treatment effects and a phenotypic switch toward anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Proresolving therapy with Ac2-26-NPs promises to be a potent perioperative therapy because it improves colitis activity and even intestinal anastomotic healing by the suppression of proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reischl
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vincent Vieregge
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Leon Walter
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Twardy
- University of Muenster, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Muenster, Germany
| | - Atsuko Kasajima
- Technical Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Lee S, Hong JH, Kim JS, Yoon JS, Chun SH, Hong SA, Kim EJ, Kang K, Lee Kang J, Ko YH, Ahn YH. Cancer-associated fibroblasts activated by miR-196a promote the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:92-103. [PMID: 33775710 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote the migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells when they are activated through diverse processes, including post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). To identify the miRNAs that regulate CAF activation, we used NanoString to profile miRNA expression within normal mouse lung fibroblasts (LFs) and CAFs. Based on NanoString profiling, miR-196a was selected as a candidate that was up-regulated in CAFs. miR-196a-overexpressed LFs (LF-196a) promoted the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in co-culture systems (Transwell migration and spheroid invasion assays). ANXA1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-196a, and adding back ANXA1 to LF-196a restored the cancer cell invasion promoted by miR-196a. miR-196a increased CCL2 secretion in fibroblasts, and that was suppressed by ANXA1. Furthermore, blocking CCL2 impeded cancer spheroid invasion. In lung adenocarcinoma patients, high miR-196a expression was associated with poor prognosis. Collectively, our results suggest that CAF-specific miR-196a promotes lung cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment via ANXA1 and CCL2 and that miR-196a will be a good therapeutic target or biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Hong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yoon
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea; Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, South Korea.
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6
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Quattrocelli M, Zelikovich AS, Salamone IM, Fischer JA, McNally EM. Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Glucocorticoid Steroids in Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:39-52. [PMID: 33104035 PMCID: PMC7902991 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid steroids are widely used as immunomodulatory agents in acute and chronic conditions. Glucocorticoid steroids such as prednisone and deflazacort are recommended for treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy where their use prolongs ambulation and life expectancy. Despite this benefit, glucocorticoid use in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is also associated with significant adverse consequences including adrenal suppression, growth impairment, poor bone health and metabolic syndrome. For other forms of muscular dystrophy like the limb girdle dystrophies, glucocorticoids are not typically used. Here we review the experimental evidence supporting multiple mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in dystrophic muscle including their role in dampening inflammation and myofiber injury. We also discuss alternative dosing strategies as well as novel steroid agents that are in development and testing, with the goal to reduce adverse consequences of prolonged glucocorticoid exposure while maximizing beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron S Zelikovich
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabella M Salamone
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Fischer
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Gumiel M, de Mattos DP, Vieira CS, Moraes CS, Moreira CJDC, Gonzalez MS, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Waghabi M, Azambuja P, Carels N. Proteome of the Triatomine Digestive Tract: From Catalytic to Immune Pathways; Focusing on Annexin Expression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:589435. [PMID: 33363206 PMCID: PMC7755933 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.589435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus, Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma infestans, and Dipetalogaster maxima are all triatomines and potential vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi responsible for human Chagas' disease. Considering that the T. cruzi's cycle occurs inside the triatomine digestive tract (TDT), the analysis of the TDT protein profile is an essential step to understand TDT physiology during T. cruzi infection. To characterize the protein profile of TDT of D. maxima, P. megistus, R. prolixus, and T. infestans, a shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was applied in this report. Most proteins were found to be closely related to metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis/glycolysis, citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, but also to the immune system. We annotated this new proteome contribution gathering it with those previously published in accordance with Gene Ontology and KEGG. Enzymes were classified in terms of class, acceptor, and function, while the proteins from the immune system were annotated by reference to the pathways of humoral response, cell cycle regulation, Toll, IMD, JNK, Jak-STAT, and MAPK, as available from the Insect Innate Immunity Database (IIID). These pathways were further subclassified in recognition, signaling, response, coagulation, melanization and none. Finally, phylogenetic affinities and gene expression of annexins were investigated for understanding their role in the protection and homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells against the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gumiel
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Department, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Debora Passos de Mattos
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cecília Stahl Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Salabert Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Azambuja
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Neglected Diseases (INCT-IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Dexamethasone does not ameliorate gliosis in a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100817. [PMID: 33015377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged neuroinflammation is a driving force for neurodegenerative disease, and agents against inflammatory responses are regarded as potential treatment strategies. Here we aimed to evaluate the prevention effects on gliosis by dexamethasone (DEX), an anti-inflammation drug. We used DEX to treat the nicastrin conditional knockout (cKO) mouse, a neurodegenerative mouse model. DEX (10 mg/kg) was given to 2.5-month-old nicastrin cKO mice, which have not started to display neurodegeneration and gliosis, for 2 months. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting techniques were used to detect changes in neuroinflammatory responses. We found that activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive or ionized calcium binding adapter molecule1 (Iba1) positive cells was not inhibited in nicastrin cKO mice treated with DEX as compared to those treated with saline. These data suggest that DEX does not prevent or ameliorate gliosis in a neurodegenerative mouse model when given prior to neuronal or synaptic loss.
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9
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Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK. New insights into the novel anti-inflammatory mode of action of glucocorticoids. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:59-73. [PMID: 32070175 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1728765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological intrinsic host response to injury meant for removal of noxious stimuli and maintenance of homeostasis. It is a defensive body mechanism that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators of inflammation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones responsible for regulation of homeostatic and metabolic functions of body. Synthetic GCs are the most useful anti-inflammatory drugs used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, multiple sclerosis, tendinitis, lupus, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis whereas, the long term use of GCs are associated with many side effects. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive (desired) effects of GCs are usually mediated by transrepression mechanism whereas; the metabolic and toxic (undesired) effects are usually manifested by transactivation mechanism. Though GCs are most potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the common problem associated with their use is GC resistance. Several research studies are rising to comprehend these mechanisms, which would be helpful in improving the GC resistance in asthma and COPD patients. This review aims to focus on identification of new drug targets in inflammation which will be helpful in the resolution of inflammation. The ample understanding of GC mechanisms of action helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disease with reduced side effects and minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Ingawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
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10
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Baracco EE, Petrazzuolo A, Kroemer G. Assessment of annexin A1 release during immunogenic cell death. Methods Enzymol 2019; 629:71-79. [PMID: 31727257 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) belongs to the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that alert the innate immune system about tissue perturbations. In the context of immunogenic cell death (ICD), ANXA1 is released from the cytoplasm of dying cells and, once extracellular, acts on formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expressed on dendritic cells to favor long-term interactions between dying and dendritic cells. As a result, the accumulation of extracellular ANXA1 constitutes one of the hallmarks of ICD. In the past, the detection of ANXA1 was based on semiquantitative immunoblots. More recently, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure ANXA1 in an accurate fashion. Here, we detail the protocol to measure the concentration of ANXA1 in the supernatants of cancer cells treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Elena Baracco
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
| | - Adriana Petrazzuolo
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Proresolving Lipid Mediators: Endogenous Modulators of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8107265. [PMID: 31316721 PMCID: PMC6604337 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are a novel class of endogenous lipids, derived by ω-6 and ω-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that trigger and orchestrate the resolution of inflammation, which is the series of cellular and molecular events that leads to spontaneous regression of inflammatory processes and restoring of tissue homeostasis. These lipids are emerging as highly effective therapeutic agents that exert their immunoregulatory activity by activating the proresolving pathway, as reported by a consistent bulk of evidences gathered in the last two decades since their discovery. The production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species by immune cells plays indeed an important role in the inflammatory mechanisms of host defence, and it is now clear that oxidative stress, viewed as an imbalance between such species and their elimination, can lead to many chronic inflammatory diseases. This review, the first of its kind, is aimed at exploring the manifold effects of SPMs on modulation of reactive species production, along with the mechanisms through which they either inhibit molecular signalling pathways that are activated by oxidative stress or induce the expression of endogenous antioxidant systems. Furthermore, the possible role of SPMs in oxidative stress-mediated chronic disorders is also summarized, suggesting not only that their anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties are strictly associated with their antioxidant role but also that these endogenous lipids might be exploited in the treatment of several pathologies in which uncontrolled production of ROS and RNS or impairment of the antioxidant machinery represents a main pathogenetic mechanism.
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12
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Moraes LA, Ampomah PB, Lim LHK. Annexin A1 in inflammation and breast cancer: a new axis in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:417-423. [PMID: 30122097 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1486143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting inflammation in cancer has shown promise to improve and complement current therapies. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in cancer growth and metastasis and -tumor associated macrophages possess pro-tumoral and pro-metastatic properties. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an immune-modulating protein with diverse functions in the immune system and in cancer. In breast cancer, high ANXA1 expression leads to poor prognosis and increased metastasis. Here, we will review ANXA1 as a modulator of inflammation, and discuss its importance in breast cancer and highlight its new role in alternative macrophage activation in the tumor microenvironment. This review may provide an updated understanding into the various roles of ANXA1 which may enable future therapeutic developments for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Moraes
- a Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, & NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Patrick B Ampomah
- a Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, & NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- a Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, & NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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13
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Pang W, Lian FZ, Leng X, Wang SM, Li YB, Wang ZY, Li KR, Gao ZX, Jiang YG. Microarray expression profiling and co-expression network analysis of circulating LncRNAs and mRNAs associated with neurotoxicity induced by BPA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15006-15018. [PMID: 29552716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogen-like industrial chemical, has adverse effects on the nervous system. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional behavior of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs to provide the information to explore neurotoxic effects induced by BPA. By microarray expression profiling, we discovered 151 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 794 differentially expressed mRNAs in the BPA intervention group compared with the control group. Gene ontology analysis indicated the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in fundamental metabolic processes and physiological and pathological conditions, such as development, synaptic transmission, homeostasis, injury, and neuroinflammation responses. In the expression network of the BPA-induced group, a great number of nodes and connections were found in comparison to the control-derived network. We identified lncRNAs that were aberrantly expressed in the BPA group, among which, growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) might participate in the BPA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating Jun, RAS, and other pathways indirectly through these differentially expressed genes. This study provides the first investigation of genome-wide lncRNA expression and correlation between lncRNA and mRNA expression in the BPA-induced neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that the elevated expression of lncRNAs is a major biomarker in the neurotoxicity induced by BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Da Li Dao, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Fu-Zhi Lian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xue Leng
- Tianjin Institute of Medical Equipment, Tianjin, 300161, China
| | - Shu-Min Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Da Li Dao, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yi-Bo Li
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Da Li Dao, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Da Li Dao, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kai-Ren Li
- Tianjin Institute of Medical Equipment, Tianjin, 300161, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Da Li Dao, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Yu-Gang Jiang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Da Li Dao, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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14
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Sheikh MH, Solito E. Annexin A1: Uncovering the Many Talents of an Old Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1045. [PMID: 29614751 PMCID: PMC5979524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has long been classed as an anti-inflammatory protein due to its control over leukocyte-mediated immune responses. However, it is now recognized that ANXA1 has widespread effects beyond the immune system with implications in maintaining the homeostatic environment within the entire body due to its ability to affect cellular signalling, hormonal secretion, foetal development, the aging process and development of disease. In this review, we aim to provide a global overview of the role of ANXA1 covering aspects of peripheral and central inflammation, immune repair and endocrine control with focus on the prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the molecule in cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammatory-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha H Sheikh
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Egle Solito
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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15
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Lima KM, Vago JP, Caux TR, Negreiros-Lima GL, Sugimoto MA, Tavares LP, Arribada RG, Carmo AAF, Galvão I, Costa BRC, Soriani FM, Pinho V, Solito E, Perretti M, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. The resolution of acute inflammation induced by cyclic AMP is dependent on annexin A1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13758-13773. [PMID: 28655761 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a glucocorticoid-regulated protein known for its anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. We have shown previously that the cAMP-enhancing compounds rolipram (ROL; a PDE4 inhibitor) and Bt2cAMP (a cAMP mimetic) drive caspase-dependent resolution of neutrophilic inflammation. In this follow-up study, we investigated whether AnxA1 could be involved in the pro-resolving properties of these compounds using a model of LPS-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice. The treatment with ROL or Bt2cAMP at the peak of inflammation shortened resolution intervals, improved resolution indices, and increased AnxA1 expression. In vitro studies showed that ROL and Bt2cAMP induced AnxA1 expression and phosphorylation, and this effect was prevented by PKA inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of PKA in ROL-induced AnxA1 expression. Akin to these in vitro findings, H89 prevented ROL- and Bt2cAMP-induced resolution of inflammation, and it was associated with decreased levels of intact AnxA1. Moreover, two different strategies to block the AnxA1 pathway (by using N-t-Boc-Met-Leu-Phe, a nonselective AnxA1 receptor antagonist, or by using an anti-AnxA1 neutralizing antiserum) prevented ROL- and Bt2cAMP-induced resolution and neutrophil apoptosis. Likewise, the ability of ROL or Bt2cAMP to induce neutrophil apoptosis was impaired in AnxA-knock-out mice. Finally, in in vitro settings, ROL and Bt2cAMP overrode the survival-inducing effect of LPS in human neutrophils in an AnxA1-dependent manner. Our results show that AnxA1 is at least one of the endogenous determinants mediating the pro-resolving properties of cAMP-elevating agents and cAMP-mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia M Lima
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas.,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Juliana P Vago
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas.,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Thaís R Caux
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Graziele Letícia Negreiros-Lima
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Michelle A Sugimoto
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Raquel G Arribada
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Aline Alves F Carmo
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Izabela Galvão
- the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Bruno Rocha C Costa
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- the Departamento de Biologia Geral, Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil and
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas.,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Egle Solito
- the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, .,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
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16
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Herath TDK, Darveau RP, Seneviratne CJ, Wang CY, Wang Y, Jin L. Heterogeneous Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS modulates immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in human gingival fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29829. [PMID: 27538450 PMCID: PMC4990928 DOI: 10.1038/srep29829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal (gum) disease is a highly prevalent infection and inflammation accounting for the majority of tooth loss in adult population worldwide. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontal pathogen and its lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) acts as a major virulence attribute to the disease. Herein, we deciphered the overall host response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to two featured isoforms of tetra-acylated PgLPS1435/1449 and penta-acylated PgLPS1690 with reference to E. coli LPS through quantitative proteomics. This study unraveled differentially expressed novel biomarkers of immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in HGFs. PgLPS1690 greatly upregulated inflammatory proteins (e.g. cyclophilin, inducible nitric oxide synthase, annexins, galectin, cathepsins and heat shock proteins), whereas the anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g. Annexin A2 and Annexin A6) were significantly upregulated by PgLPS1435/1449. Interestingly, the antioxidants proteins such as mitochondrial manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin 5 were only upregulated by PgLPS1690. The cytoskeletal rearrangement-related proteins like myosin were differentially regulated by these PgLPS isoforms. The present study gives new insight into the biological properties of P. gingivalis LPS lipid A moiety that could critically modulate immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in HGFs, and thereby enhances our understanding of periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanuja D K Herath
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology &Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Zhao B, Wang J, Liu L, Li X, Liu S, Xia Q, Shi J. Annexin A1 translocates to nucleus and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a PKC-dependent manner after OGD/R. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27028. [PMID: 27426034 PMCID: PMC4947919 DOI: 10.1038/srep27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein known to have multiple roles in the regulation of inflammatory responses. In this study, we find that after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (ODG/R) injury, activated PKC phosphorylated ANXA1 at the serine 27 residue (p27S-ANXA1), and promoted the translocation of p27S-ANXA1 to the nucleus of BV-2 microglial cells. This in turn induced BV-2 microglial cells to produce large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The phenomenon could be mimicked by either transfecting a mutant form of ANXA1 with its serine 27 residue converted to aspartic acid, S27D, or by using the PKC agonist, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in these microglial cells. In contrast, transfecting cells with an ANXA1 S27A mutant (serine 27 converted to alanine) or treating the cells with the PKC antagonist, GF103209X (GF) reversed this effet. Our study demonstrates that ANXA1 can be phosphorylated by PKC and is subsequently translocated to the nucleus of BV-2 microglial cells after OGD/R, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Clinical laboratory, Center hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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18
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Llombart V, García-Berrocoso T, Bech-Serra JJ, Simats A, Bustamante A, Giralt D, Reverter-Branchat G, Canals F, Hernández-Guillamon M, Montaner J. Characterization of secretomes from a human blood brain barrier endothelial cells in-vitro model after ischemia by stable isotope labeling with aminoacids in cell culture (SILAC). J Proteomics 2015; 133:100-112. [PMID: 26718731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human immortalized brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 is considered a simple in-vitro model of the blood-brain-barrier. Our aim was to characterize changes in the secretome of hCMEC/D3 subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) to identify new proteins altered after ischemia and that might trigger blood-brain-barrier disruption and test their potential as blood biomarkers for ischemic stroke. Using a quantitative proteomic approach based on SILAC, 19 proteins were found differentially secreted between OGD and normoxia/normoglycemia conditions. Among the OGD-secreted proteins, protein folding was the main molecular function identified and for the main canonical pathways there was an enrichment in epithelial adherens junctions and aldosterone signaling. Western blot was used to verify the MS results in a set of 9 differentially secreted proteins and 5 of these were analyzed in serum samples of 38 ischemic stroke patients, 18 stroke-mimicking conditions and 18 healthy controls. SIGNIFICANCE "We characterized changes in the secretome of hCMEC/D3 cells after an ischemic insult by SILAC and identified proteins associated with ischemia that might be involved in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Besides we analyzed the putative potential of the candidate proteins to become biomarkers for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Llombart
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Josep Bech-Serra
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dolors Giralt
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Reverter-Branchat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Canals
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Neymeyer H, Labes R, Reverte V, Saez F, Stroh T, Dathe C, Hohberger S, Zeisberg M, Müller GA, Salazar J, Bachmann S, Paliege A. Activation of annexin A1 signalling in renal fibroblasts exerts antifibrotic effects. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 215:144-58. [PMID: 26332853 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (AnxA1) and its formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) have protective effects in organ fibrosis. Their role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not yet been elucidated. Our aim was to characterize the AnxA1/FPR2 system in models of renal fibrosis. METHODS Rats were treated with angiotensin receptor antagonist during the nephrogenic period (ARAnp) to induce late-onset hypertensive nephropathy and fibrosis. Localization and regulation of AnxA1 and FPR2 were studied by quantitative real-time PCR and double labelling immunofluorescence. Biological effects of AnxA1 were studied in cultured renal fibroblasts from AnxA1(-/-) and wild-type mice. RESULTS Angiotensin receptor antagonist during the nephrogenic period kidneys displayed matrix foci containing CD73(+) fibroblasts, alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA)(+) myofibroblasts and CD68(+) macrophages. TGF-β and AnxA1 mRNAs were ~threefold higher than in controls. AnxA1 was localized to macrophages and fibroblasts; myofibroblasts were negative. FPR2 was localized to fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells. AnxA1 and FPR2 immunoreactive signals were increased in the foci, with fibroblasts and macrophages expressing both proteins. AnxA1(-/-) fibroblasts revealed higher α-SMA (sevenfold) and collagen 1A1 (Col1A1; 144-fold) mRNA levels than controls. Treatment of murine WT fibroblasts with TGF-β (22.5 ng mL 24 h(-1)) increased mRNA levels of α-SMA (9.3-fold) and Col1A1 (fourfold). These increases were greatly attenuated upon overexpression of AnxA1 (1.5- and 1.7-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). Human fibroblasts reacted similarly when receiving the FPR2 inhibitor WRW4. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that AnxA1 and FPR2 are abundantly expressed in the renal interstitium and modulate fibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix synthesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Neymeyer
- Department of Anatomy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - R. Labes
- Department of Anatomy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - V. Reverte
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - F. Saez
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - T. Stroh
- Department of Medicine; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - C. Dathe
- Department of Anatomy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Hohberger
- Department of Anatomy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology; Göttingen University Medical Center; Göttingen Germany
| | - G. A. Müller
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology; Göttingen University Medical Center; Göttingen Germany
| | - J. Salazar
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - S. Bachmann
- Department of Anatomy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Paliege
- Department of Anatomy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Nephrology; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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20
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Drouin-Ouellet J, St-Amour I, Saint-Pierre M, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Kriz J, Barker RA, Cicchetti F. Toll-like receptor expression in the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu103. [PMID: 25522431 PMCID: PMC4438545 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Importantly, recent preclinical studies are now suggesting a specific contribution of inflammation to the α-synuclein-induced pathology seen in this condition. METHODS We used flow cytometry and western blots to detect toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in blood and brain samples of Parkinson's disease patients and mice overexpressing human α-synuclein. To further assess the effects of α-synuclein overexpression on the innate immune system, we performed a longitudinal study using Thy1.2-α-synuclein mice that expressed a bicistronic DNA construct (reporter genes luciferase and green fluorescent protein) under the transcriptional control of the murine toll-like receptor 2 promoter. RESULTS Here, we report increases in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression in circulating monocytes and of toll-like receptor 4 in B cells and in the caudate/putamen of Parkinson's disease patients. Monthly bioluminescence imaging of Thy1.2-α-synuclein mice showed increasing toll-like receptor 2 expression from 10 months of age, although no change in toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression was observed in the blood and brain of these mice at 12 months of age. Dexamethasone treatment starting at 5 months of age for 1 month significantly decreased the microglial response in the brain of these mice and promoted functional recovery as observed using a wheel-running activity test. CONCLUSION Our results show that toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are modulated in the blood and brain of Parkinson's disease patients and that overexpression of α-synuclein leads to a progressive microglial response, the inhibition of which has a beneficial impact on some motor phenotypes of an animal model of α-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).
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Xuebijing Protects Rats from Sepsis Challenged with Acinetobacter baumannii by Promoting Annexin A1 Expression and Inhibiting Proinflammatory Cytokines Secretion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:804940. [PMID: 24369483 PMCID: PMC3863526 DOI: 10.1155/2013/804940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Xuebijing (XBJ) injection is a herbal medicine that has been widely used in the treatment of sepsis in China; however, its role in the development and progression of Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis and the underlying mechanisms remain uninvestigated. In the present study, fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to normal-control group, sepsis-control group, and sepsis + XBJ group, each containing three subgroups of different treatment time periods (6, 12, and 24 hrs following injection, resp.). The sepsis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of A. baumannii ATCC 19606. For XBJ treatment, 4 mL/kg XBJ was administrated simultaneously by intravenous injection through caudal vein every 12 hrs. All animals demonstrated ill state, obvious intestinal dysfunction, histopathological lung damages, and overactive inflammatory responses after A. baumannii infection, and these events could be partially reversed by XBJ treatment from the beginning of infection. XBJ induced an increase in the expression of anti-inflammatory mediator annexin A1; however, two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), were decreased at the each monitored time point. These findings suggested that XBJ via its cytokine-mediated anti-inflammatory effects might have a potential role in preventing the progression of A. baumannii infection to sepsis by early administration.
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22
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Gavins FNE, Hickey MJ. Annexin A1 and the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Front Immunol 2012; 3:354. [PMID: 23230437 PMCID: PMC3515881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the body’s way of defending itself against noxious stimuli and pathogens. Under normal circumstances, the body is able to eliminate the insult and subsequently promote the resolution of inflammation and the repair of damaged tissues. The concept of homeostasis is one that not only requires a fine balance between both pro-inflammatory mediators and pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory mediators, but also that this balance occurs in a time and space-specific manner. This review examines annexin A1, an anti-inflammatory protein that, when used as an exogenous therapeutic, has been shown to be very effective in limiting inflammation in a diverse range of experimental models, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arthritis, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and sepsis. Notably, this glucocorticoid-inducible protein, along with another anti-inflammatory mediator, lipoxin A4, is starting to help explain and shape our understanding of the resolution phase of inflammation. In so doing, these molecules are carving the way for innovative drug discovery, based on the stimulation of endogenous pro-resolving pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity N E Gavins
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London London, UK
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23
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Seidel S, Neymeyer H, Kahl T, Röschel T, Mutig K, Flower R, Schnermann J, Bachmann S, Paliege A. Annexin A1 modulates macula densa function by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F845-54. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00704.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) exerts anti-inflammatory effects through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Once secreted, ANXA1 can bind to G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptors (Fpr) and activate diverse cellular signaling pathways. ANXA1 is known to be expressed in cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, but its relation to the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in thick ascending limb and macula densa cells has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that ANXA1 regulates the biosynthesis of COX-2. ANXA1 abundance in rat kidney macula densa was extensively colocalized with COX-2 (95%). Furosemide, an established stimulus for COX-2 induction, caused enhanced expression of both ANXA1 and COX-2 with maintained colocalization (99%). In ANXA1-deficient mice, COX-2-positive cells were more numerous than in control mice (+107%; normalized to glomerular number; P < 0.05) and renin expression was increased (+566%; normalized to glomerular number; P < 0.05). Cultured macula densa cells transfected with full-length rat ANXA1 revealed downregulation of COX-2 mRNA (−59%; P < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with dexamethasone suppressed COX-2 mRNA in the cells (−49%; P < 0.05), while inducing ANXA1 mRNA (+56%; P < 0.05) and ANXA1 protein secretion. Inhibition of the ANXA-1 receptor Fpr1 with cyclosporin H blunted the effect of dexamethasone on COX-2 expression. These data show that ANXA1 exerts an inhibitory effect on COX-2 expression in the macula densa. ANXA1 may be a novel intrinsic modulator of renal juxtaglomerular regulation by inhibition of PGE2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Seidel
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - H. Neymeyer
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - T. Kahl
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - T. Röschel
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - K. Mutig
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - R. Flower
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - J. Schnermann
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S. Bachmann
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - A. Paliege
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
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24
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Prostaglandin E2 and the suppression of phagocyte innate immune responses in different organs. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:327568. [PMID: 23024463 PMCID: PMC3449139 DOI: 10.1155/2012/327568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The local and systemic production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its actions in phagocytes lead to immunosuppressive conditions. PGE2 is produced at high levels during inflammation, and its suppressive effects are caused by the ligation of the E prostanoid receptors EP2 and EP4, which results in the production of cyclic AMP. However, PGE2 also exhibits immunostimulatory properties due to binding to EP3, which results in decreased cAMP levels. The various guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) that are coupled to the different EP receptors account for the pleiotropic roles of PGE2 in different disease states. Here, we discuss the production of PGE2 and the actions of this prostanoid in phagocytes from different tissues, the relative contribution of PGE2 to the modulation of innate immune responses, and the novel therapeutic opportunities that can be used to control inflammatory responses.
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25
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Khau T, Langenbach SY, Schuliga M, Harris T, Johnstone CN, Anderson RL, Stewart AG. Annexin-1 signals mitogen-stimulated breast tumor cell proliferation by activation of the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) 1 and 2. FASEB J 2010; 25:483-96. [PMID: 20930115 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-154096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of the calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein annexin I (ANXA1) in cell cycle regulation has been investigated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell lines. In MCF-7 cells, ANXA1-targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced ANXA1 mRNA and protein levels and attenuated cell proliferation induced by FCS, estradiol, or epidermal growth factor. Well-characterized agonists for the known ANXA1 receptor, FPR2, including the ANXA1 N-terminal proteolytic product ANXA1(2-26), lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)), and the synthetic peptide, Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met (WKYMVm), stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells that was attenuated by incubation with FPR2 antagonists WRW(4) (1 μM) or Boc2 (100 nM) or by siRNA against FPR2. FCS-induced mitogenic responses were attenuated by each of the FPR antagonists and by siRNA against FPR2 and, to a lesser extent, FPR1. LXA(4) increased phosphorylation of Akt, p70(S6K) but not ERK1/2. Increases in cyclin D1 protein induced by FCS or LXA(4) were blocked by the PI3 kinase inhibitor, LY294002, and attenuated by FPR2 antagonism using Boc2. In invasive breast cancer, immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of ANXA1 and its receptor, FPR2, in both tumor epithelium and stromal cells. These observations suggest a novel signaling role for ANXA1 in mitogen-activated proliferation of breast tumor epithelial cells that is mediated via activation of FPR1 and FPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thippadey Khau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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26
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Bernhart E, Kollroser M, Rechberger G, Reicher H, Heinemann A, Schratl P, Hallström S, Wintersperger A, Nusshold C, DeVaney T, Zorn-Pauly K, Malli R, Graier W, Malle E, Sattler W. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation affects the C13NJ microglia cell line proteome leading to alterations in glycolysis, motility, and cytoskeletal architecture. Proteomics 2010; 10:141-58. [PMID: 19899077 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the CNS, are rapidly activated in response to injury and microglia migration towards and homing at damaged tissue plays a key role in CNS regeneration. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is involved in signaling events evoking microglia responses through cognate G protein-coupled receptors. Here we show that human immortalized C13NJ microglia express LPA receptor subtypes LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3) on mRNA and protein level. LPA activation of C13NJ cells induced Rho and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and enhanced cellular ATP production. In addition, LPA induced process retraction, cell spreading, led to pronounced changes of the actin cytoskeleton and reduced cell motility, which could be reversed by inhibition of Rho activity. To get an indication about LPA-induced global alterations in protein expression patterns a 2-D DIGE/LC-ESI-MS proteomic approach was applied. On the proteome level the most prominent changes in response to LPA were observed for glycolytic enzymes and proteins regulating cell motility and/or cytoskeletal dynamics. The present findings suggest that naturally occurring LPA is a potent regulator of microglia biology. This might be of particular relevance in the pathophysiological context of neurodegenerative disorders where LPA concentrations can be significantly elevated in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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27
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Solito E, McArthur S, Christian H, Gavins F, Buckingham JC, Gillies GE. Annexin A1 in the brain--undiscovered roles? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29:135-42. [PMID: 18262660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an endogenous protein known to have potent anti-inflammatory properties in the peripheral system. It has also been detected in the brain, but its function there is still ambiguous. In this review, we have, for the first time, collated the evidence currently available on the function of ANXA1 in the brain and have proposed several possible mechanisms by which it exerts a neuroprotective or anti-neuroinflammatory function. We suggest that ANXA1, its small peptide mimetics and its receptors might be exciting new therapeutic targets in the management of a wide range of neuroinflammatory diseases, including stroke and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Solito
- Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, UK.
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28
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Ruiz-Romero C, Carreira V, Rego I, Remeseiro S, López-Armada MJ, Blanco FJ. Proteomic analysis of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes reveals protein changes in stress and glycolysis. Proteomics 2008; 8:495-507. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Annexin A1 reduces inflammatory reaction and tissue damage through inhibition of phospholipase A2 activation in adult rats following spinal cord injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007; 66:932-43. [PMID: 17917587 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181567d59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been suggested to be a mediator of the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids and more recently an endogenous neuroprotective agent. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of ANXA1 in a model of contusive spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we report that injections of ANXA1 (Ac 2-26) into the acutely injured spinal cord at 2 concentrations (5 and 20 microg) inhibited SCI-induced increases in phospholipase A2 and myeloperoxidase activities. In addition, ANXA1 administration reduced the expression of interleukin-1beta and activated caspase-3 at 24 hours, and glial fibrillary acidic protein at 4 weeks postinjury. Furthermore, ANXA1 administration significantly reversed phospholipase A2-induced spinal cord neuronal death in vitro and reduced tissue damage and increased white matter sparing in vivo, compared to the vehicle-treated controls. Fluorogold retrograde tracing showed that ANXA1 administration protected axons of long descending pathways at 6 weeks post-SCI. ANXA1 administration also significantly increased the number of animals that responded to transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. However, no measurable behavioral improvement was found after these treatments. These results, particularly the improvements obtained in tissue sparing and electrophysiologic measures, suggest a neuroprotective effect of ANXA1.
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30
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Gavins FNE, Dalli J, Flower RJ, Granger DN, Perretti M. Activation of the annexin 1 counter‐regulatory circuit affords protection in the mouse brain microcirculation. FASEB J 2007; 21:1751-8. [PMID: 17317721 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7842com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the homeostatic antiinflammatory axis centered on annexin 1 (AnxA1) in cerebral microvascular dysfunction and tissue injury associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and reperfusion. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the mouse cerebral microcirculation: AnxA1 null mice exhibited more white blood cell adhesion in cerebral venules than their wild-type counterparts, and this was accompanied by a larger cerebral infarct vol and worse neurological score. All parameters were rescued by delivery of human recombinant AnxA1. To further explore these findings using pharmacological tools, the effect of a short AnxA1 peptidomimetic was tested. When given during the reperfusion phase, peptide Ac2-26 produced similar cerebroprotection, which was associated with a marked attenuation of cell adhesion and markers of inflammation as measured in tissue homogenates. The pharmacological effects of peptide Ac2-26 occurred via receptors of the formyl-peptide receptor (FPR) family, most likely FPR-rs2, as deduced by displacement assays with transfected cells and in vivo experiments with transgenic mice and receptor antagonists. Our findings indicate that the endogenous antiinflammatory circuit centered on AnxA1 produces significant cerebral protection, and that these properties might have therapeutic potential for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity N E Gavins
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Sq., London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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31
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Endogenous antipyretics. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 371:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Werner MFP, Souza GEP, Zampronio AR. Nimesulide-induced antipyresis in rats involves both cyclooxygenase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 543:181-9. [PMID: 16814279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the antipyretic activity of nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective inhibitor in rats. The effects of nimesulide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cerebrospinal prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) and on plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were also evaluated. Male Wistar rats received an i.p. injection of LPS, or i.c.v. injections of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), arachidonic acid, PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) or endothelin-1 (ET-1). Nimesulide or indomethacin administered i.p 30 min prior LPS, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha or arachidonic acid reduced the febrile response and PGE(2) or PGF(2alpha) levels in LPS-febrile rats but did not modify PGE(2)-induced fever. Nimesulide, but not indomethacin, reduced the fever induced by MIP-1alpha, PGF(2alpha), CRF or ET-1. Plasma TNF-alpha levels in LPS-treated rats were also reduced by nimesulide. These findings confirm that the antipyretic effect of nimesulide differs from the antipyretic scenario with the non-selective cyclooxygenase blocker indomethacin. Additional mechanisms, including inhibition of increased plasma TNF-alpha, may contribute to its antipyretic activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F P Werner
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81540-970, Brazil
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Smyth T, Harris HJ, Brown A, Tötemeyer S, Farnfield BA, Maskell DJ, Matsumoto M, Plevin R, Alldridge LC, Bryant CE. Differential modulatory effects of annexin 1 on nitric oxide synthase induction by lipopolysaccharide in macrophages. Immunology 2006; 117:340-9. [PMID: 16476053 PMCID: PMC1782228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin-1 (ANXA1) is a glucocorticoid-regulated protein that modulates the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on macrophages. Exogenous administration of peptides derived from the N-terminus of ANXA1 reduces LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, but the effects of altering the endogenous expression of this protein are unclear. We transfected RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cell lines to over-express constitutively ANXA1 and investigated whether this protein modulates the induction of iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in response to LPS. In contrast to exogenous administration of N-terminal peptides, endogenous over-expression of ANXA1 results in up-regulation of LPS-induced iNOS protein expression and activity. However, levels of iNOS mRNA are unchanged. ANXA1 has no effect on COX-2 or TNF-alpha production in response to LPS. In experiments to investigate the mechanisms underlying these phenomena we observed that activation of signalling proteins classically associated with iNOS transcription was unaffected. Over-expression of ANXA1 constitutively activates extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-1 and ERK-2, components of a signalling pathway not previously recognized as regulating LPS-induced iNOS expression. Inhibition of ERK activity, by the inhibitor U0126, reduced LPS-induced iNOS expression in our cell lines. Over-expression of ANXA1 also modified LPS-induced phosphorylation of the ERK-regulated translational regulation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. Our data suggest that ANXA1 may modify iNOS levels by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Thus differential effects on iNOS expression in macrophages are seen when comparing acute administration of ANXA1 peptides versus the chronic endogenous over-expression of ANXA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Smyth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Durrenberger PF, Facer P, Casula MA, Yiangou Y, Gray RA, Chessell IP, Day NC, Collins SD, Bingham S, Wilson AW, Elliot D, Birch R, Anand P. Prostanoid receptor EP1 and Cox-2 in injured human nerves and a rat model of nerve injury: a time-course study. BMC Neurol 2006; 6:1. [PMID: 16393343 PMCID: PMC1361784 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies show that inflammatory processes may contribute to neuropathic pain. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is an inducible enzyme responsible for production of prostanoids, which may sensitise sensory neurones via the EP1 receptor. We have recently reported that while macrophages infiltrate injured nerves within days of injury, they express increased Cox-2-immunoreactivity (Cox-2-IR) from 2 to 3 weeks after injury. We have now investigated the time course of EP1 and Cox-2 changes in injured human nerves and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and the chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI) model in the rat. Methods Tissue sections were immunostained with specific antibodies to EP1, Cox-2, CD68 (human macrophage marker) or OX42 (rat microglial marker), and neurofilaments (NF), prior to image analysis, from the following: human brachial plexus nerves (21 to 196 days post-injury), painful neuromas (9 days to 12 years post-injury), avulsion injured DRG, control nerves and DRG, and rat CCI model tissues. EP1 and NF-immunoreactive nerve fibres were quantified by image analysis. Results EP1:NF ratio was significantly increased in human brachial plexus nerve fibres, both proximal and distal to injury, in comparison with uninjured nerves. Sensory neurones in injured human DRG showed a significant acute increase of EP1-IR intensity. While there was a rapid increase in EP1-fibres and CD-68 positive macrophages, Cox-2 increase was apparent later, but was persistent in human painful neuromas for years. A similar time-course of changes was found in the rat CCI model with the above markers, both in the injured nerves and ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord. Conclusion Different stages of infiltration and activation of macrophages may be observed in the peripheral and central nervous system following peripheral nerve injury. EP1 receptor level increase in sensory neurones, and macrophage infiltration, appears to precede increased Cox-2 expression by macrophages. However, other methods for detecting Cox-2 levels and activity are required. EP1 antagonists may show therapeutic effects in acute and chronic neuropathic pain, in addition to inflammatory pain.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Brachial Plexus/immunology
- Brachial Plexus/injuries
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Microglia/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue/immunology
- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue/metabolism
- Neuroma/immunology
- Neuroma/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/immunology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Sciatic Nerve/immunology
- Sciatic Nerve/injuries
- Sciatica/immunology
- Sciatica/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal F Durrenberger
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Area A, Ground Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Facer
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Area A, Ground Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maria A Casula
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Area A, Ground Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yiangos Yiangou
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Area A, Ground Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roy A Gray
- Neurology & GI CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | | | - Nicola C Day
- Neurology & GI CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Elliot
- St Andrew's Centre, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Rolfe Birch
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Praveen Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Area A, Ground Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
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Wadhwa R, Lagenaur CF, Cui XT. Electrochemically controlled release of dexamethasone from conducting polymer polypyrrole coated electrode. J Control Release 2005; 110:531-41. [PMID: 16360955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic recordings from micromachined neural electrode arrays often fail a few weeks after implantation primarily due to the formation of an astro-glial sheath around the implant. We propose a drug delivery system, from conducting polymer (CP) coatings on the electrode sites, to modulate the inflammatory implant-host tissue reaction. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) based coatings for electrically controlled and local delivery of the ionic form of an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (Dex), was investigated. The drug was incorporated in PPy via electropolymerization of pyrrole and released in PBS using cyclic voltammetry (CV). FTIR analysis of the surface showed the presence of Dex and polypyrrole on the coated electrode. The thickness of the coated film was estimated to be approximately 50 nm by ellipsometry. We are able to release 0.5 mug/cm(2) Dex in 1 CV cycle and a total of almost 16 mug/cm(2) Dex after 30 CV cycles. In vitro studies and immunocytochemistry on murine glial cells suggest that the released drug lowers the count of reactive astrocytes to the same extent as the added drug. In addition, the released drug is not toxic to neurons as seen by healthy neuronal viability in the released drug treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reecha Wadhwa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Gavins FNE, Sawmynaden P, Chatterjee BE, Perretti M. A twist in anti-inflammation: annexin 1 acts via the lipoxin A4 receptor. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 73:211-9. [PMID: 15982865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a life-saving protective process mounted by the body to overcome pathogen infection and injury; however, in chronic inflammatory pathologies this response can become deregulated. The existence of specialized anti-inflammatory pathways/mediators that operate in the body to down-regulate inflammation have now emerged. Thus, persistence of inflammation leading to pathology could be due to malfunctioning of one or more of these counter-regulatory pathways. Here we focus on one of them, the anti-inflammatory mediator annexin 1, and provide an update on its inhibitory effects upon the leukocyte trafficking process. In particular, recent evidence that receptors of the formyl-peptide family, which includes also the lipoxin A4 receptor, could be the annexin 1 receptor(s) in the context of anti-inflammation might provide new avenues for exploiting this pathway for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N E Gavins
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Hamby ME, Uliasz TF, Hewett SJ, Hewett JA. Characterization of an improved procedure for the removal of microglia from confluent monolayers of primary astrocytes. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 150:128-37. [PMID: 16105687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of astrocytes can be readily established and are widely used to study the biological functions of these glial cells in isolation. Unfortunately, contamination by microglia can confound results from such studies. Herein, a simple and highly effective modification of a common procedure to remove microglia from astrocyte cultures is described. After becoming confluent, astrocytes were exposed to a mitotic inhibitor for 5-6 days then treated with 50-75 mM l-leucine methyl ester (LME) for 60-90 min. Unlike previous protocols that employed lower LME concentrations on subconfluent cultures or during passage of astrocytes, this protocol effectively depleted microglia from high-density astrocyte monolayers. This was evidenced by the selective depletion of microglial-specific markers. Purified monolayers appeared morphologically normal 24h after LME treatment and expressed nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins upon stimulation with LPS plus IFNgamma, albeit to a lower level than unpurified monolayers. This difference could be attributed to removal of contaminating microglia from monolayers and not to astrocyte dysfunction, since LME treatment did not alter global protein synthesis and a reactive phenotype could be induced in the purified monolayers. Thus, this modified protocol selectively depletes microglia from high-density primary astrocyte monolayers without compromising their functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Hamby
- Department of Neuroscience MC 3401, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, CT 06030-3401, USA
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Abstract
During the past two decades, an important focus of pain research has been the study of chronic pain mechanisms, particularly the processes that lead to the abnormal sensitivity - spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia - that is associated with these states. For some time it has been recognized that inflammatory mediators released from immune cells can contribute to these persistent pain states. However, it has only recently become clear that immune cell products might have a crucial role not just in inflammatory pain, but also in neuropathic pain caused by damage to peripheral nerves or to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Marchand
- Neurorestoration Group and London Pain Consortium, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Ikeda-Matsuo Y, Ikegaya Y, Matsuki N, Uematsu S, Akira S, Sasaki Y. Microglia-specific expression of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production. J Neurochem 2005; 94:1546-58. [PMID: 16000148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 is an inducible protein recently shown to be an important enzyme in inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in some peripheral inflammatory lesions. However, in inflammatory sites in the brain, the induction of mPGES-1 is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated the expression of mPGES-1 in the brain parenchyma in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. A local injection of LPS into the rat substantia nigra led to the induction of mPGES-1 in activated microglia. In neuron-glial mixed cultures, mPGES-1 was co-induced with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specifically in microglia, but not in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or neurons. In microglia-enriched cultures, the induction of mPGES-1, the activity of PGES and the production of PGE2 were preceded by the induction of mPGES-1 mRNA and almost completely inhibited by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The induction of mPGES-1 and production of PGE2 were also either attenuated or absent in microglia treated with mPGES-1 antisense oligonucleotide or microglia from mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice, respectively, suggesting the necessity of mPGES-1 for microglial PGE2 production. These results suggest that the activation of microglia contributes to PGE2 production through the concerted de novo synthesis of mPGES-1 and COX-2 at sites of inflammation of the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ikeda-Matsuo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kamal AM, Flower RJ, Perretti M. An overview of the effects of annexin 1 on cells involved in the inflammatory process. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100 Suppl 1:39-47. [PMID: 15962097 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of anti-inflammation is currently evolving with the definition of several endogenous inhibitory circuits that are important in the control of the host inflammatory response. Here we focus on one of these pathways, the annexin 1 (ANXA1) system. Originally identified as a 37 kDa glucocorticoid-inducible protein, ANXA1 has emerged over the last decade as an important endogenous modulator of inflammation. We review the pharmacological effects of ANXA1 on cell types involved in inflammation, from blood-borne leukocytes to resident cells. This review reveals that there is scope for more research, since most of the studies have so far focused on the effects of the protein and its peptido-mimetics on neutrophil recruitment and activation. However, many other cells central to inflammation, e.g. endothelial cells or mast cells, also express ANXA1: it is foreseen that a better definition of the role(s) of the endogenous protein in these cells will open the way to further pharmacological studies. We propose that a more systematic analysis of ANXA1 physio-pharmacology in cells involved in the host inflammatory reaction could aid in the design of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics based on this endogenous mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Kamal
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London Quee Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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41
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Marchetti B, Serra PA, Tirolo C, L'episcopo F, Caniglia S, Gennuso F, Testa N, Miele E, Desole S, Barden N, Morale MC. Glucocorticoid receptor–nitric oxide crosstalk and vulnerability to experimental parkinsonism: pivotal role for glia–neuron interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 48:302-21. [PMID: 15850669 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress have been closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in astrocytes and microglia and the production of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) are thought to contribute to dopaminergic neuron demise. Increasing evidence, however, indicates that activated astroglial cells play key roles in neuroprotection and can promote recovery of CNS functions. Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) via glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) exert potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and are key players in protecting the brain against stimulation of innate immunity. Here we review our work showing that exposure to a dysfunctional GR from early embryonic life in transgenic (Tg) mice expressing GR antisense RNA represents a key vulnerability factor in the response of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and further report that exacerbation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity with no recovery is determined by failure of astroglia to exert neuroprotective effects. Aberrant iNOS gene expression and increased glia vulnerability to cell death characterized the response of GR-deficient mice to stimulation of innate immunity. More importantly, GR-deficient glial cells failed to protect fetal dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress-induces cell death, whereas wild-type glia afforded neuroprotection. Thus, lack of iNOS/NO regulation by GCs can program an aberrant GR-NO crosstalk in turn responsible for loss of astroglia neuroprotective function in response to stimulation of innate immunity, pointing to glia and efficient GR-NO dialogue as pivotal factors orchestrating neuroprotection in experimental parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina (EN) Italy.
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42
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Sarra GM, Sarra FG, Schlichtenbrede FC, Trittibach P, Estermann S, Tsiroukis E, Ali RR, Luthert PJ, Reichel MB. Effect of steroidal and non-steroidal drugs on the microglia activation pattern and the course of degeneration in the retinal degeneration slow mouse. Ophthalmic Res 2005; 37:72-82. [PMID: 15746562 DOI: 10.1159/000084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hereditary retinal degeneration, microglia cells become activated, migrate through the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and accumulate in the subretinal space. Although this inflammatory process is not likely to be responsible for the onset of photoreceptor apoptosis, cytotoxic substances secreted by activated microglia could potentially accelerate and perpetuate the degenerative process. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to modulate the microglia response in neurodegenerative disorders and potentially ameliorate the disease progression in various animal model systems. In this study we wanted to test the impact of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs (acetylsalicylate and prednisolone) on the microglia activation pattern, the rate of caspase-3-dependent photoreceptor apoptosis and the course of the degeneration in the retinal degeneration slow (rds) mouse retina. METHODS 169 pigmented rds mice and 30 CBA wild-type mice were used for this study. The treatment groups were injected daily with either acetylsalicylate (200 mg/kg) or prednisolone (2 mg/kg) i.p. from day 0 up to 3 months. Animals were sacrificed at days 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 90. Cryoprotected frozen sections were immunostained with F4/80 and cleaved caspase-3 antibodies. The main outcome measures were the total microglia count in the subretinal space, the total cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in the ONL and the averaged number of photoreceptor rows in the midperipheral retina. RESULTS Neither acetylsalicylate nor prednisolone reduced subretinal microglia accumulation in the rds mouse degeneration model. Moreover, they aggravated migration and accumulation in the early time course. The apoptotic cascade started earlier and was more pronounced in both treatment groups compared to the control group. The pace of retinal degeneration was not reduced in the treatment groups compared to the untreated control. In contrast, acetylsalicylate did significantly accelerate the photoreceptor cell degeneration in comparison to the prednisolone (p < 0.001) and to the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Acetylsalicylate and prednisolone do not decrease the microglia response in the rds mouse and are not neuroprotective. More research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms which lead to photoreceptor cell death and to elucidate the complex role of microglia in inherited retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Sarra
- University Eye Clinic, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Beckner ME, Chen X, An J, Day BW, Pollack IF. Proteomic characterization of harvested pseudopodia with differential gel electrophoresis and specific antibodies. J Transl Med 2005; 85:316-27. [PMID: 15654357 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (astrocytomas) are lethal tumors that invade the brain. Invasive cell migration is initiated by extension of pseudopodia into interstitial spaces. In this study, U87 glioma cells formed pseudopodia in vitro as cells pushed through 3 microm pores of polycarbonate membranes. Harvesting pseudopodia in a novel two-step method provided material for proteomic analysis. Differences in the protein profiles of pseudopodia and whole cells were found using differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and immunoblotting. Proteins from two-dimensional (2D) gels with M(R)'s of 20-100 kDa and pI's of 3.0-10.0 were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting analysis using mass spectrometry. For DIGE, lysates of pseudopodia and whole cells were each labeled with electrophilic forms of fluorescent dyes, Cy3 or Cy5, and analyzed as mixtures. Analysis was repeated with reciprocal labeling. Differences in protein distributions were detected by manual inspection and computer analysis. Topographical digital maps of the scanned gels were used for algorithmic spot matching, normalization of background, quantifying spot differences, and elimination of artifacts. Pseudopodial proteins in Coomassie-stained 2D gels included isoforms of glycolytic enzymes as the largest group, seven of 24 proteins. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of DIGE gels demonstrated increased isoforms of annexin (Anx) I, AnxII, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and aldolase, and decreased mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase and transketolase in pseudopodia. Specific antibodies showed restricted immunoreactivity of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) alpha chain to pseudopodia, indicating localization of its active form. Met (the HGF receptor), actin, and total AnxI were increased in pseudopodial lysates on immunoblots. Increased constituents of the pseudopodial proteome in glioma cells, identified in this study as actin, HGF, Met, and isoforms of AnxI, AnxII, and several glycolytic enzymes, represent therapeutic targets to consider for suppression of tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Beckner
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Yona S, Ward B, Buckingham JC, Perretti M, Flower RJ. Macrophage biology in the Anx-A1-/- mouse. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 72:95-103. [PMID: 15626592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Historical data suggested that a soluble protein, since identified as annexin-A1 (Anx-A1) was released from macrophages following glucocorticoid stimulation and could modulate eicosanoid production and other functions of these cells. Here, we review some recent findings using a line of Anx-A1(-/-) mice to explore the impact of Anx-A1 gene deletion on macrophage biology. The absence of Anx-A1 selectively alters phagocytic capacity of rodent resident peritoneal macrophages apparently through changes in surface adhesion molecule expression. Anx-A1 is also apparently important in the tonic down-regulation of other macrophage functions such as COX-2 induction, PGE(2) release and the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yona
- Biochemical Pharmacology Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary Charterhouse Square, University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Akundi RS, Candelario-Jalil E, Hess S, Hüll M, Lieb K, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Fiebich BL. Signal transduction pathways regulating cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary rat microglia. Glia 2005; 51:199-208. [PMID: 15800925 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the major cell type involved in neuroinflammatory events in brain diseases such as encephalitis, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders, and contribute significantly to the release of prostaglandins (PGs) during neuronal insults. In this report, we studied the immediate-early intracellular signalling pathways in microglia, following bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, leading to the synthesis and release of PGE2. Here we show that LPS induces cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 by activating sphingomyelinases leading to the release of ceramides, which in turn, activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), but not the p42/44 MAPK. We further show that exogenously added ceramide analogue (C2-ceramide) also induce PGE2 synthesis through a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. This potential nature of ceramides in activating microglia suggests that endogenously produced ceramides during neuronal apoptosis in ischemia or neurodegenerative diseases could also contribute to the amplification of neuroinflammatory events. In contrast to protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphocholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), which transcriptionally regulate LPS-induced COX-2 synthesis, inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has no effect on COX-2 transcription, although it inhibits the release of PGE2. Transcriptional regulation of LPS-induced COX-2 by PKC is further proved by the ability of the PKC inhibitor, Gö 6976, to inhibit LPS-induced 8-isoprostane synthesis, but not affecting LPS-induced COX-2 activity. Our data with 8-isoprostane also indicates that COX-2 plays a major role in ROS production in LPS-activated microglia. This detailed view of the intracellular signaling pathway in microglial activation and COX-2 expression opens a new therapeutic window in the search for new and more effective central anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Akundi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
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Castro-Caldas M, Mendes AF, Duarte CB, Lopes MCF. Dexamethasone-induced and estradiol-induced CREB activation and annexin 1 expression in CCRF-CEM lymphoblastic cells: evidence for the involvement of cAMP and p38 MAPK. Mediators Inflamm 2004; 12:329-37. [PMID: 14668092 PMCID: PMC1781631 DOI: 10.1080/09629350310001633351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Annexin 1 (ANXA1), a member of the annexin family of calcium-binding and phospholipid-binding proteins, is a key mediator of the anti-inflammatory actions of steroid hormones. We have previously demonstrated that, in the human lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM cell line, both the synthetic glucocorticoid hormone, dexamethasone (Dex), and the estrogen hormone, 17beta-estradiol (E2beta), induce the synthesis of ANXA1, by a mechanism independent of the activation of their nuclear receptors. Recently, it was reported that the gene coding for ANXA1 contains acAMP-responsive element (CRE). In this work, we investigated whether Dex and E2beta were able to induce the activation of CRE binding proteins (CREB) in the CCRF-CEM cells. Moreover, we studied the intracellular signalling pathways involved in CREB activation and ANXA1 synthesis in response to Dex and E2beta; namely, the role of cAMP and the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). RESULTS The results show that Dex and E2beta were as effective as the cAMP analogue, dBcAMP, in inducing CREB activation. On the contrary, dBcAMP induced ANXA1 synthesis as effectively as these steroid hormones. Furthermore, the cAMP antagonist, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, and the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor,SB203580, effectively prevented both Dex-induced, E2beta-induced and dBcAMP-induced CREB activation and ANXA1 synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that,in CCRF-CEM cells, Dex-induced and E2beta-inducedANXA1 expression requires the activation of the transcription factor CREB, which in turn seems to be mediated by cAMP and the p38 MAPK. These findings also suggest that, besides the nuclear steroid hormone receptors, other transcription factors, namely CREB, may play important roles in mediating the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids and oestrogen hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castro-Caldas
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Yona S, Buckingham JC, Perretti M, Flower RJ. Stimulus-specific defect in the phagocytic pathways of annexin 1 null macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142:890-8. [PMID: 15197108 PMCID: PMC1575068 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the glucocorticoid-regulated protein annexin 1 during the process of phagocytosis has been studied using annexin 1 null peritoneal macrophages. Wild type and annexin 1 null macrophages were incubated with several distinct phagocytic targets. No differences were observed in rate or the maximal response with respect to IgG complexes or opsonised zymosan phagocytosis, as assessed by monitoring the production of reactive oxygen species. When annexin 1 null macrophages were incubated with non-opsonised zymosan particles, they exhibited impaired generation of reactive oxygen species, which was linked to a defect in binding of cells to the particles, as determined with fluorescent zymosan. This phenomenon was further confirmed by electron microscopy analysis, where annexin 1 null macrophages internalised fewer non-opsonised zymosan particles. Specific alterations in macrophage plasma membrane markers were observed in the annexin 1 null cells. Whereas no differences in dectin-1 and FcgammaR II/III expression were measured between the two genotypes, decreased membrane CD11b and F4/80 levels were measured selectively in macrophages lacking annexin 1. These cells also responded with an enhanced release of PGE(2) and COX-2 protein expression following addition of the soluble stimulants, LPS and heat-activated IgG. In conclusion, these results suggest that participation of endogenous annexin 1 during zymosan phagocytosis is critical and that this protein plays a tonic inhibitory role during macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Yona
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1 M 6BQ.
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Wein S, Fauroux M, Laffitte J, de Nadaï P, Guaïni C, Pons F, Coméra C. Mediation of annexin 1 secretion by a probenecid-sensitive ABC-transporter in rat inflamed mucosa. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:1195-202. [PMID: 15006554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Annexin 1 is secreted by mammalian cells but lacks a leader signal sequence necessary to lead it to the classical secretory pathway via the endoplasmic reticulum. The mechanisms involved in the secretion of leaderless proteins remain uncertain. It has been suggested to involve membrane translocation via an ABC-transporter (ATP binding cassette). Using cultured inflamed mucosa from rectocolitis induced in rats, we studied if annexin 1 secretion followed the two main characteristics of ABC-transporter substrates: dependency on ATP hydrolysis and competitive inhibition by several other ABC-transporter substrates. Annexin 1 secretion is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by two ATPase inhibitors. The inhibition reached 63.2+/-3.2%, 66.1+/-3.73% and 88.6+/-1.4% in the presence of 2mM vanadate, 0.5 and 1mM pervanadate, respectively. The efflux of calcein, a known ABC-transporter substrate, is similarly inhibited by 69.4+/-2.8% in the presence of 1mM pervanadate. Probenecid, an inhibitor of several ABC-transporters of the subfamilly ABCC or MRP (multidrug resistant associated protein), also inhibited annexin 1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. As compared to control, 10mM probenecid reduced annexin 1 secretion by 72+/-20% and 20mM by 95.0+/-9%. By contrast, annexin 1 secretion is not blocked by other inhibitors of MRP1 (indomethacin, MK571), MRP2 (ochratoxin A1 or MK571), MRP5 (trequinsin or sulfinpyrazone) or by verapamil, cyclosporin A or glyburide. Taken together, our results show that annexin 1 secretion appears to share the efflux properties of ABC-transporter substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wein
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UR66, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP3, 31931 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Golde S, Coles A, Lindquist JA, Compston A. Decreased iNOS synthesis mediates dexamethasone-induced protection of neurons from inflammatory injury in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 18:2527-37. [PMID: 14622153 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain inflammation is accompanied by transection of axons and death of neurons in the acute lesions of multiple sclerosis. We explored mechanisms of inflammatory damage to neurons in vitro using cocultures of rat embryonal cortical neurons with microglia activated by interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previously, we have demonstrated that microglia are highly toxic to neurons and that nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is necessary and sufficient to mediate this toxicity. Here, we show that addition of dexamethasone (1 micro M) to activated cocultures provides effective neuroprotection. We demonstrate that dexamethasone down-regulates NO production of primary microglia by approximately 50% and reduces steady-state iNOS protein and mRNA expression by approximately 70%. These changes were reversed by the glucocorticoid receptor blocker RU-486. Furthermore, we analysed the stability of iNOS protein and show that whilst inhibitors of the proteasome blocked iNOS degradation they did not reverse the dexamethasone effect. Our results indicate that the main mechanism of corticosteroid activity on iNOS is reduction in protein synthesis, not destabilization as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Golde
- Department of Neurology II, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Platten M, Eitel K, Wischhusen J, Dichgans J, Weller M. Involvement of protein kinase Cδ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 in the suppression of microglial inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by N-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid (tranilast). Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:1263-70. [PMID: 14505805 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Excess nitric oxide (NO) in the brain released by microglial cells contributes to neuronal damage in various pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) including neurodegenerative diseases and multiple sclerosis. N-[3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid (tranilast, TNL) is an anti-allergic compound which suppresses the activation of monocytes. We show that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein expression and the release of NO from N9 microglial cells stimulated with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are inhibited when the cells are exposed to TNL. TNL fails to modulate LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) reporter gene activity and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB (IkappaB), indicating that NF-kappaB is not involved in the TNL-mediated suppression of LPS-induced iNOS expression. Moreover, TNL inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK-2). Finally, TNL abolishes translocation of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) to the nucleus and suppresses the phosphorylation of the PKCdelta substrate, myristoylated alanin-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS). We conclude that the anti-allergic compound TNL suppresses microglial iNOS induction by LPS via inhibition of a signalling pathway involving PKCdelta and ERK-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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