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Soni A, Saha S, Agarwal A, Rehman Abdul Rauf A, Singh RK, Seth M, Singh SK, Sinha S, Shirumalla RK, Marumoto S, Tandon R. 2-{N-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetyl]-N-methylamino}-3-pyrrolidinepropanamide analogs as potential antagonists of Urotensin II receptor. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:1-8. [PMID: 36651469 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2022.2164306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE To identify novel small molecule antagonists of Urotensin II receptor with acceptable pharmacological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies on 2-{N-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetyl]-N-methylamino}-3-pyrrolidinepropanamide series were conducted and shortlisted compounds were synthesized and evaluated in in vitro cell-based assays. Human and mouse Urotensin II receptor overexpressing CHO cells were used for calcium release and radioligand binding assays. Initial molecules in this series had solubility and inter-species variability issue in the calcium release assay. We, therefore, conducted SAR to overcome these 2 issues and molecules with accepted in vitro profile were evaluated further in mouse pressor response model to generate the in vivo proof of concept for UII receptor antagonization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We report herewith identification of 2-{N-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetyl]-N-methylamino}-3-pyrrolidinepropanamides series to obtain novel small molecule antagonists of Urotensin II receptor with acceptable pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Subham Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aditi Agarwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Rehman Abdul Rauf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh Seth
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shashi Kant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Raj Kumar Shirumalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ruchi Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, India
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Cha HJ, Lee H, Yeo EJ, Yeo HJ, Choi YJ, Sohn EJ, Kim DW, Park SJ, Lee SH, Lee S, Choi SY. Utilization of an Intracellular Calcium Mobilization Assay for the Screening of Transduced FK506-Binding Proteins. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:442-452. [PMID: 34415786 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to the immunophilin family and are linked to various disease states, including the inflammatory response. The inhibition of cytokine and chemokine expression in addition to positive effects of FKBPs on corneal inflammation in animal models suggests that they may be used for ophthalmic delivery in the treatment of dry eye disease. To pass the effective barriers protecting eye tissues, testing the transduction domains of FKBPs is essential. However, monitoring their transduction efficiencies is not a simple task. The quantitative measurement of FKBP interactions was performed using a cell model with a specific G protein-coupled receptor, as FKBPs had been known to act at the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) leading to the inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization. Because of its luminescence amplitude and stability, human urotensin II receptor was expressed in aequorin parental cells to measure the action of selected FKBPs. This luminescence-based functional assay platform exhibited a high signal-to-background ratio of more than 100 and a Z' factor at 0.6204. As expected, changes in the sequence of the transduction domain affected the function of the FKBPs. The intracellular calcium mobilization assay with selected FKBPs represented a robust and reliable platform to screen initial candidates. Although the precise nature of the control that FKBPs exert on the IP3R is uncertain, this approach can be used to develop innovative anti-inflammatory treatments for dry eye disease by optimizing protein transduction domain sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Cha
- R&D Center, Lumieye Genetics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- R&D Center, Lumieye Genetics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sunghou Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Identification of novel Urotensin-II receptor antagonists with potent inhibition of U-II induced pressor response in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173391. [PMID: 32745605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) has been found to be one of the most potent vasoconstrictor (Ames et al., 1999; Bohm et al., 2002) reported till date. U-II exerts its response via activation of a G-protein coupled receptor, Urotensin II receptor(UT). Binding of U-II to UT leads to an instant increase in the inositol phosphate turnover and intracellular Ca2+. Such an instant Ca2+ release and potent vasoconstriction exerted by U-II is expected to have an important role in the progression of cardiac diseases. We have previously shown that UT antagonist DS37001789 prevents U-II induced blood pressure elevation in mice (Nishi et al., 2019) in a dose dependent manner, with potent efficacy at 30 and 100 mg/kg. Further to this, we have also shown that DS37001789 ameliorates mortality in pressure-overload mice with heart failure (Nishi et al., 2020). We therefore conducted an extensive structure-activity relationship studies to identify molecules with superior efficacy. In the present manuscript, we report the identification of two potent, non-peptide small molecule antagonists of Urotensin II receptor (UT), RCI-0879 and RCI-0298 which blocked the action of U-II, both in vitro and in vivo. These molecules were found to be very potent in in vitro Ca2+ and radioligand binding assays using human and mouse UT over-expressing CHO cells. RCI-0879 and RCI-0298 also exhibited superior efficacy in in vivo mouse pressor response model using C57BL/6 mice, compared to our initial molecules (Nishi et al., 2019) and demonstrated ED50 values of 3.2 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg respectively. Our findings reported herewith, further strengthen our concept and belief in UT antagonization as a potential therapeutic approach for the management of chronic heart failure.
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Loh SH, Chang CY, Huang SF, Chao SC, Lin WK, Huang EYK, Tsai CS, Tsai YT. Functional effects of urotensin-II on intracellular pH regulators in human radial artery smooth muscle cells. Peptides 2020; 126:170236. [PMID: 31874233 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) plays a vital role in various cellular functions. We previously demonstrated that three different acid extruders, the Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE), Na+-HCO3- co-transporter (NBC) and H+-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT), functioned together in cultured human radial artery smooth muscle cells (HRASMCs). However, the functions of acid-loading transporters in HRASMCs remain poorly understood. Urotensin II (U-II), one of the most potent vasoconstrictors, is highly expressed in many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this present study was to determine the concentration effect of U-II (3 pM∼100 nM) on the functional activity of pHi regulators in HRASMCs. Cultured HRASMCs were derived from segments of human radial arteries obtained from patients undergoing bypass grafting. Changes in pHi recovery due to intracellular acidification and alkalization induced by NH4Cl prepulse and Na-acetate prepulse, respectively, were detected by microspectrofluorimetry with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF. Our present study showed that (a) U-II increased the activity of NHE in a concentration-dependent manner but did not change that of NBC or MCT or resting pHi, (b) the Cl--OH- exchanger (CHE) facilitated base extrusion, and (c) U-II induced a concentration-dependent increase in the activity of CHE. In conclusion, for the first time, our results highlight a concentration-dependent increase in the activity of NHE and CHE, but not NBC and MCT, induced by U-II in HRASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hurng Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Yi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Cheng-Hsieng General Hospital, Taipei, 11200, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Kuo Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Duan JS, Chen S, Sun XQ, Du J, Chen ZW. Urotensin-#receptor antagonist SB-706375 protected isolated rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating myocardial necrosis via RhoA/ROCK/RIP3 signalling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1309-1318. [PMID: 31168686 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SB-706375 is a selective receptor antagonist of human urotensin-II (hU-II), which can block the aorta contraction induced by hU-II in rats. The effect of SB-706375 on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. The major objective of this study was to investigate whether SB-706375 has a protective effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats and explore its possible mechanisms. Isolated hearts of Adult Sprague-Dawley were perfused in a Langendorff apparatus, and haemodynamic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), RhoA, and the protein expressions of U-II receptor (UTR), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) were assessed. We found that SB-706375 (1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-5 mol/L) significantly inhibited the changes of haemodynamic parameters and reduced LDH and CK-MB activities and also cTnI level in the coronary effluents in the heart subjected to myocardial I/R injury. Further experiments studies showed that SB-706375 obviously prevented myocardial I/R increased RhoA activity and UTR, RIP3, ROCK1, and ROCK2 protein expressions. ROCK inhibition abolished the improving effect of SB-706375 on myocardial I/R-induced haemodynamic change in the isolated perfused rat heart. These findings suggested that SB-706375 provides cardio-protection against I/R injury in isolated rats by blocking UTR-RhoA/ROCK-RIP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Si Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Pereira-Castro J, Brás-Silva C, Fontes-Sousa AP. Novel insights into the role of urotensin II in cardiovascular disease. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2170-2180. [PMID: 31430542 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a vasoactive peptide that interacts with a specific receptor called the UT receptor. UII has been implicated in cardiovascular regulation, with promising therapeutic applications based on UT receptor antagonism. The endogenous ligands of the UT receptor: UII and urotensin-related peptide (URP), differentially bind and activate this receptor. Also, the receptor localization is not restricted to the plasma membrane, possibly inducing different physiological responses that could support its inconsistent, but potent, vasoactive activity. These properties could explain the disappointing outcomes in clinical studies, in contrast to the positive preclinical results regarding heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. These aspects should be considered in future investigations to a better comprehension of the role of UII as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pereira-Castro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, UnIC - Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
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7
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Merlino F, Billard É, Yousif AM, Di Maro S, Brancaccio D, Abate L, Carotenuto A, Bellavita R, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Santicioli P, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Hébert TE, Lubell WD, Chatenet D, Grieco P. Functional Selectivity Revealed by N-Methylation Scanning of Human Urotensin II and Related Peptides. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1455-1467. [PMID: 30615452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with their common but also divergent physiological actions, human urotensin II (1) and urotensin II-related peptide (2) could stabilize specific urotensin II receptor (UTR) conformations, thereby activating different signaling pathways, a feature referred to as biased agonism or functional selectivity. Sequential N-methylation of the amides in the conserved core sequence of 1, 2, and fragment U-II4-11 (3) shed light on structural requirements involved in their functional selectivity. Thus, 18 N-methylated UTR ligands were synthesized and their biological profiles evaluated using in vitro competition binding assays, ex vivo rat aortic ring bioassays and BRET-based biosensor experiments. Biological activity diverged from that of the parent structures contingent on the location of amide methylation, indicating relevant hydrogen-bond interactions for the function of the endogenous peptides. Conformational analysis of selected N-methyl analogs indicated the importance of specific amide residues of 2 for the distinct pharmacology relative to 1 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Étienne Billard
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP) , Université du Québec , 531 Boulevard des Prairies , Ville de Laval , Québec H7V 1B7 , Canada
| | - Ali M Yousif
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Luigi Abate
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Rosa Bellavita
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Santicioli
- Department of Pharmacology , Menarini Ricerche , via Rismondo 12/A , Florence 50131 , Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , McGill University , Montréal , Québec H3A 1A3 , Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Station Centre-ville , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP) , Université du Québec , 531 Boulevard des Prairies , Ville de Laval , Québec H7V 1B7 , Canada
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , Naples 80131 , Italy
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Vaudry H, Leprince J, Chatenet D, Fournier A, Lambert DG, Le Mével JC, Ohlstein EH, Schwertani A, Tostivint H, Vaudry D. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCII. Urotensin II, urotensin II-related peptide, and their receptor: from structure to function. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:214-58. [PMID: 25535277 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic neuropeptide that was first isolated from the urophysis of teleost fish on the basis of its ability to contract the hindgut. Subsequently, UII was characterized in tetrapods including humans. Phylogenetic studies and synteny analysis indicate that UII and its paralogous peptide urotensin II-related peptide (URP) belong to the somatostatin/cortistatin superfamily. In mammals, the UII and URP genes are primarily expressed in cholinergic neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. UII and URP mRNAs are also present in various organs notably in the cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine systems. UII and URP activate a common G protein-coupled receptor, called UT, that exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid, and galanin receptors. The UT gene is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues including the retina, heart, vascular bed, lung, kidney, adrenal medulla, and skeletal muscle. Structure-activity relationship studies and NMR conformational analysis have led to the rational design of a number of peptidic and nonpeptidic UT agonists and antagonists. Consistent with the wide distribution of UT, UII has now been shown to exert a large array of biologic activities, in particular in the CNS, the cardiovascular system, and the kidney. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the pleiotropic actions of UII and discusses the possible use of antagonists for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Vaudry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - David Chatenet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Alain Fournier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - David G Lambert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Jean-Claude Le Mével
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Eliot H Ohlstein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - David Vaudry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
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9
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Oh KS, Lee JH, Yi KY, Lim CJ, Lee S, Park CH, Seo HW, Lee BH. The orally active urotensin receptor antagonist, KR36676, attenuates cellular and cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2618-33. [PMID: 25597918 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blockade of the actions of urotensin-II (U-II) mediated by the urotensin (UT) receptor should improve cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease. Here, we have evaluated the pharmacological properties of the recently identified UT receptor antagonist, 2-(6,7-dichloro-3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4(3H)-yl)-N-methyl-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(4-(thiophen-3-yl)phenyl) ethyl)acetamide (KR36676). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacological properties of KR36676 were studied in a range of in vitro assays (receptor binding, calcium mobilization, stress fibre formation, cellular hypertrophy) and in vivo animal models such as cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI). KEY RESULTS KR36676 displayed high binding affinity for the UT receptor (Ki : 0.7 nM), similar to that of U-II (0.4 nM), and was a potent antagonist at that receptor (IC50 : 4.0 nM). U-II-induced stress fibre formation and cellular hypertrophy were significantly inhibited with low concentrations of KR36676 (≥0.01 μM). Oral administration of KR36676 (30 mg·kg(-1) ) in a TAC model in mice attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, KR36676 restored cardiac function and myocyte size in rats with MI-induced cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A highly potent UT receptor antagonist exerted anti-hypertrophic effects not only in infarcted rat hearts but also in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. KR36676 could be a valuable pharmacological tool in elucidating the complicated physiological role of U-II and UT receptors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Oh
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Kim SK, Goddard WA, Yi KY, Lee BH, Lim CJ, Trzaskowski B. Predicted ligands for the human urotensin-II G protein-coupled receptor with some experimental validation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1732-43. [PMID: 24989481 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human Urotensin-II (U-II) is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor known.1 Thus, a U-II antagonist would be of therapeutic value in a number of cardiovascular disorders.2 Here, we describe our work on the prediction of the structure of the human U-II receptor (hUT2 R) using GEnSeMBLE (GPCR Ensemble of Structures in Membrane BiLayer Environment) complete sampling Monte Carlo method. With the validation of our predicted structures, we designed a series of new potential antagonists predicted to bind more strongly than known ligands. Next, we carried out R-group screening to suggest a new ligand predicted to bind with 7 kcal mol(-1) better energy than 1-{2-[4-(2-bromobenzyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-yl)urea, the designed antagonist predicted to have the highest affinity for the receptor. Some of these predictions were tested experimentally, validating the computational results. Using the pharmacophore generated from the predicted structure for hUT2 R bound to ACT-058362, we carried out virtual screening based on this binding site. The most potent hit compounds identified contained 2-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole core, with the best derivative exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.581 μM against hUT2 R when tested in vitro. Our efforts identified a new scaffold as a potential new lead structure for the development of novel hUT2 R antagonists, and the computational methods used could find more general applicability to other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials & Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Beckman Institute (BI);Code (139-74), 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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11
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Chemical Feature-Based Molecular Modeling of Urotensin-II Receptor Antagonists: Generation of Predictive Pharmacophore Model for Early Drug Discovery. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/921863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For a series of 35 piperazino-phthalimide and piperazino-isoindolinone based urotensin-II receptor (UT) antagonists, a thoroughly validated 3D pharmacophore model has been developed, consisting of four chemical features: one hydrogen bond acceptor lipid (HBA_L), one hydrophobe (HY), and two ring aromatic (RA). Multiple validation techniques like CatScramble, test set prediction, and mapping analysis of advanced known antagonists have been employed to check the predictive power and robustness of the developed model. The results demonstrate that the best model, Hypo 1, shows a correlation (r) of 0.902, a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.886, and the cost difference of 39.69 bits. The model obtained is highly predictive with good correlation values for both internal (r2=0.707) as well as external (r2=0.614) test set compounds. Moreover, the pharmacophore model has been used as a 3D query for virtual screening which served to detect prospective new lead compounds which can be further optimized as UT antagonists with potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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12
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Forty EJ, Ashton N. The urotensin system is up-regulated in the pre-hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83317. [PMID: 24340095 PMCID: PMC3855556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) concentrations are raised both in humans with hypertension and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Since the urotensin system acts to regulate glomerular filtration in the kidney it may play a greater role in the pre-hypertensive SHR in which renal dysfunction is known to precede the onset of severe hypertension. This study aimed to determine the renal actions and expression of the urotensin system in the young SHR. Intravenous rat UII (6 pmol. min-1. 100 g body weight-1) had no significant effect on GFR; however urotensin-related peptide (URP) reduced GFR (P<0.05) in 4-5 week old SHR. Administration of the UT antagonist SB-706375 evoked marked increases in GFR (baseline 0.38 ± 0.07 vs antagonist 0.76 ± 0.05 ml. min-1. 100 g body weight-1, P<0.05), urine flow and sodium excretion (baseline 2.5 ± 0.4 vs antagonist 9.1 ± 2.1 µmol. min-1. 100 g body weight-1, P<0.05) in the SHR. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats showed little response to UT antagonism. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that neither UII nor UT mRNA expression differed between the kidneys of young SHR and WKY rats; however expression of URP was 4-fold higher in the SHR kidney. Renal transcriptional up-regulation indicates that URP is the major UT ligand in young SHR and WKY rats. Enhanced tonic UT activation may contribute to known renal dysfunction in pre-hypertensive SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J. Forty
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Ashton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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14
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Sharma V, Harafuji N, Belayew A, Chen YW. DUX4 differentially regulates transcriptomes of human rhabdomyosarcoma and mouse C2C12 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64691. [PMID: 23717650 PMCID: PMC3661531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to the deletion of the D4Z4 arrays at chromosome 4q35. Recent studies suggested that aberrant expression of double homeobox 4 (DUX4) from the last D4Z4 repeat causes FSHD. The aim of this study is to determine transcriptomic responses to ectopically expressed DUX4 in human and mouse cells of muscle lineage. We expression profiled human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells and mouse C2C12 cells transfected with expression vectors of DUX4 using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays and Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Arrays, respectively. A total of 2267 and 150 transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed in the RD and C2C12 cells, respectively. Amongst the transcripts differentially expressed in the RD cells, MYOD and MYOG (2 fold, p<0.05), and six MYOD downstream targets were up-regulated in RD but not C2C12 cells. Furthermore, 13 transcripts involved in germline function were dramatically induced only in the RD cells expressing DUX4. The top 3 IPA canonical pathways affected by DUX4 were different between the RD (inflammation, BMP signaling and NRF-2 mediated oxidative stress) and the C2C12 cells (p53 signaling, cell cycle regulation and cellular energy metabolism). Amongst the 40 transcripts shared by the RD and C2C12 cells, UTS2 was significantly induced by 76 fold and 224 fold in the RD and C2C12 cells, respectively. The differential expression of MYOD, MYOG and UTS2 were validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. We further validated the differentially expressed genes in immortalized FSHD myoblasts and showed up-regulation of MYOD, MYOG, ZSCAN4 and UTS2. The results suggest that DUX4 regulates overlapped and distinct groups of genes and pathways in human and mouse cells as evident by the selective up-regulation of genes involved in myogenesis and gametogenesis in human RD and immortalized cells as well as the different molecular pathways identified in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Naoe Harafuji
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | | | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
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15
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Watson AMD, Olukman M, Koulis C, Tu Y, Samijono D, Yuen D, Lee C, Behm DJ, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM, Calkin AC, Allen TJ. Urotensin II receptor antagonism confers vasoprotective effects in diabetes associated atherosclerosis: studies in humans and in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1155-65. [PMID: 23344731 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The small, highly conserved vasoactive peptide urotensin II (UII) is upregulated in atherosclerosis. However, its effects in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis have not been assessed. METHODS Endothelial cells were grown in normal- and high-glucose (5 and 25 mmol/l) media with and without UII (10⁻⁸ mol/l) and/or the UII receptor antagonist, SB-657510 (10⁻⁸ mol/l). Apoe knockout (KO) mice with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with or without SB-657510 (30 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹; n = 20 per group) and followed for 20 weeks. Carotid endarterectomy specimens from diabetic and non-diabetic humans were also evaluated. RESULTS In high (but not normal) glucose medium, UII significantly increased CCL2 (encodes macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) gene expression (human aortic endothelial cells) and increased monocyte adhesion (HUVECs). UII receptor antagonism in diabetic Apoe KO mice significantly attenuated diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and aortic staining for MCP-1, F4/80 (macrophage marker), cyclooxygenase-2, nitrotyrosine and UII. UII staining was significantly increased in carotid endarterectomies from diabetic compared with non-diabetic individuals, as was staining for MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This is the first report to demonstrate that UII is increased in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis in humans and rodents. Diabetes-associated plaque development was attenuated by UII receptor antagonism in the experimental setting. Thus UII may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/complications
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetic Angiopathies/immunology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Pilot Projects
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Urotensins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Urotensins/biosynthesis
- Urotensins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A M D Watson
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, PO Box 6492 St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia.
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16
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Taylor SJ, Soleymanzadeh F, Muegge I, Akiba I, Taki N, Ueda S, Mainolfi E, Eldrup AB. Deconstruction of sulfonamide inhibitors of the urotensin receptor (UT) and design and synthesis of benzylamine and benzylsulfone antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2177-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Urotensin-II Ligands: An Overview from Peptide to Nonpeptide Structures. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2013; 2013:979016. [PMID: 23533711 PMCID: PMC3596952 DOI: 10.1155/2013/979016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin-II was originally isolated from the goby urophysis in the 1960s as a vasoactive peptide with a prominent role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The identification of human isoform of urotensin-II and its specific UT receptor by Ames et al. in 1999 led to investigating the putative role of the interaction U-II/UT receptor in multiple pathophysiological effects in humans. Since urotensin-II is widely expressed in several peripheral tissues including cardiovascular system, the design and development of novel urotensin-II analogues can improve knowledge about structure-activity relationships (SAR). In particular, since the modulation of the U-II system offers a great potential for therapeutic strategies related to the treatment of several diseases, like cardiovascular diseases, the research of selective and potent ligands at UT receptor is more fascinating. In this paper, we review the developments of peptide and nonpeptide U-II structures so far developed in order to contribute also to a more rational and detectable design and synthesis of new molecules with high affinity at the UT receptor.
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Abstract
Urotensin II (UII), a peptide hormone which influences glomerular filtration rate and urine concentration, and its receptor, UT, are expressed in the adult rat kidney. The ability of the kidney to reabsorb sodium and water starts to develop in utero and matures during early postnatal life in the rat, yet little is known about the ontogeny of the renal UII system. This study mapped renal expression of the urotensin system during the fetal and postnatal periods and determined renal activity of UII in the immature rat. Urotensin II peptide and mRNA were present in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat metanephroi from the earliest stage examined, embyonic day 19 (E19; rat gestation 22 days); levels increased to peak at 4 weeks of age. In contrast, UT protein and mRNA expression declined rapidly between E19 and birth and remained at a similar level postnatally. Infusion of rat UII [6-60 pmol min(-1) (100 g body weight)(-1)] or rat urotensin-related peptide [6 pmol min(-1) (100 g body weight)(-1)] in anaesthetized 4-week-old SD rats had no influence on measured renal parameters; however, infusion of UT antagonist, SB-706375 (0.01 mg kg(-1) min(-1)), provoked a pronounced diuresis [vehicle 23.5 ± 1.9 versus antagonist 75.3 ± 12.5 μl min(-1) (100 g body weight)(-1); P < 0.001] and natriuresis, accompanied by modest increases in effective renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate [vehicle 0.4 ± 0.1 versus antagonist 1.1 ± 0.2 ml min(-1) (100 g body weight)(-1); P < 0.0001] and a significant increase in fractional sodium excretion. These results indicate that the endogenous rat UII system may influence renal sodium and water excretion before the onset of full urine concentrating capacity in the SD rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Forty
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.614 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Mosenkis A, Kallem RR, Danoff TM, Aiyar N, Bazeley J, Townsend RR. Renal impairment, hypertension and plasma urotensin II. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:609-14. [PMID: 20621933 PMCID: PMC3108358 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human urotensin II (UII) is a potent mammalian vasoconstrictor thought to be produced and cleared by the kidneys. Conflicting data exist regarding the relationship between UII concentrations, kidney function and blood pressure (BP). We measured the associations between kidney function [including end-stage renal disease (ESRD)] and levels of BP with plasma concentrations of UII. METHODS Ninety-one subjects were enrolled. Thirty-one subjects had ESRD (undergoing haemodialysis), 30 subjects had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 30 control subjects had no kidney disease. Plasma UII concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Mean plasma UII concentrations were highest in controls, lower in subjects with ESRD and lowest in subjects with non-ESRD CKD (P<0.0001). UII concentrations correlated negatively with serum creatinine (P=0.0012) and CKD stage, and positively with creatinine clearance (P=0.013). In ESRD subjects, plasma UII (P=0.008) increased after dialysis, while SBP (P=0.007), DBP (P=0.009), serum creatinine (P<0.0001) and serum urea nitrogen (P<0.0001) decreased. UII concentrations were lower in patients with a history of hypertension (HTN) (P=0.016). Age, race and gender did not appear to be associated with UII concentration. However, the distribution of African American race and male gender appear to be associated with increasing stages of chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a potential vasodilatory role of UII in humans with kidney disease or hypertension. The reduction in UII levels in CKD also suggests either reduced production or greater clearance, or both, of UII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Mosenkis
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Radhakrishna R. Kallem
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Bazeley
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Raymond R. Townsend
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,USA
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Behm DJ, Aiyar NV, Olzinski AR, McAtee JJ, Hilfiker MA, Dodson JW, Dowdell SE, Wang GZ, Goodman KB, Sehon CA, Harpel MR, Willette RN, Neeb MJ, Leach CA, Douglas SA. GSK1562590, a slowly dissociating urotensin-II receptor antagonist, exhibits prolonged pharmacodynamic activity ex vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:207-28. [PMID: 20718751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently identified antagonists of the urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT) are of limited utility for investigating the (patho)physiological role of U-II due to poor potency and limited selectivity and/or intrinsic activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The pharmacological properties of two novel UT antagonists, GSK1440115 and GSK1562590, were compared using multiple bioassays. KEY RESULTS GSK1440115 (pK(i)= 7.34-8.64 across species) and GSK1562590 (pK(i)= 9.14-9.66 across species) are high affinity ligands of mammalian recombinant (mouse, rat, cat, monkey, human) and native (SJRH30 cells) UT. Both compounds exhibited >100-fold selectivity for UT versus 87 distinct mammalian GPCR, enzyme, ion channel and neurotransmitter uptake targets. GSK1440115 showed competitive antagonism at UT in arteries from all species tested (pA(2)= 5.59-7.71). In contrast, GSK1562590 was an insurmountable UT antagonist in rat, cat and hUT transgenic mouse arteries (pK(b)= 8.93-10.12 across species), but a competitive antagonist in monkey arteries (pK(b)= 8.87-8.93). Likewise, GSK1562590 inhibited the hU-II-induced systemic pressor response in anaesthetized cats at a dose 10-fold lower than that of GSK1440115. The antagonistic effects of GSK1440115, but not GSK1562590, could be reversed by washout in rat isolated aorta. In ex vivo studies, GSK1562590 inhibited hU-II-induced contraction of rat aorta for at least 24 h following dosing. Dissociation of GSK1562590 binding was considerably slower at rat than monkey UT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Whereas both GSK1440115 and GSK1562590 represent high-affinity/selective UT antagonists suitable for assessing the (patho)physiological role of U-II, only GSK1562590 exhibited sustained UT residence time and improved preclinical efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Behm
- Metabolic Pathways Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
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Kim SK, Li Y, Park C, Abrol R, Goddard WA. Prediction of the three-dimensional structure for the rat urotensin II receptor, and comparison of the antagonist binding sites and binding selectivity between human and rat receptors from atomistic simulations. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1594-608. [PMID: 20683923 PMCID: PMC3517062 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin-II (U-II) has been shown to be the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor known. Thus, a U-II antagonist might be of therapeutic value in a number of cardiovascular disorders. However, interspecies variability of several nonpeptidic ligands complicates the interpretation of in vivo studies of such antagonists in preclinical animal disease models. ACT058362 is a selective antagonist for the human U-II receptor (hUT2R) with a reported K(d) value of approximately 4 nM in a molecular binding assay, but it is reported to bind weakly to rat UT2R (rUT2R), with a K(d) value of approximately 1 500 nM. In contrast, the arylsulphonamide SB706375 is a selective antagonist against both hUT2R (K(d)= approximately 9 nM) and rUT2R (K(d)= approximately 21 nM). To understand the species selectivity of the UT2R, we investigated the binding site of ACT058362 and SB706375 in both hUT2R and rUT2R to explain the dramatically lower (approximately 400-fold) affinity of ACT058362 for rUT2R and the similar affinity (approximately 10 nM) of SB706375 for both UT2Rs. These studies used MembStruk and MSCDock to predict the UT2R structure and the binding site of ACT058362 and SB706375. Based on binding energies, we found two binding modes each with D130(3.32) as the crucial anchoring point (Ballesteros-Weinstein numbering given in superscript). We predict that ACT058362 (an aryl-amine-aryl or ANA ligand) binds in the transmembrane (TM) 3456 region, while SB706375 (an aryl-aryl-amine or AAN ligand) binds in the TM 1237 region. These predicted sites explain the known differences in binding of the ANA ligand to rat and human receptors, while explaining the similar binding of the AAN compound to rat and human receptors. Moreover the predictions explain currently available structure-activity relationship (SAR) data. To further validate the predicted binding sites of these ligands in hUT2R and rUT2R, we propose several mutations that would help define the structural origins of differential responses between UT2R of different species, potentially indicating novel UT2R antagonists with cross-species high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Fax: (+1)626-585-0918
| | - Youyong Li
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Fax: (+1)626-585-0918
| | | | - Ravinder Abrol
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Fax: (+1)626-585-0918
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Fax: (+1)626-585-0918
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Kristof AS, You Z, Han YS, Giaid A. Protein expression of urotensin II, urotensin-related peptide and their receptor in the lungs of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Peptides 2010; 31:1511-6. [PMID: 20433884 PMCID: PMC2905484 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) and urotensin-related peptide (URP) are vasoactive neuropeptides with wide ranges of action in the normal mammalian lung, including the control of smooth muscle cell proliferation. UII and URP exert their actions by binding to the G-protein coupled receptor-14 known as UT. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a disease of progressive lung destruction resulting from the excessive growth of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells that exhibit markers of neural crest origin. LAM cells also exhibit inactivation of the tumor suppressor tuberin (TSC2), excessive activity of 'mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and dysregulated cell growth and proliferation. In the present study we examined the expression and distribution of UII and UT in the lungs of patients with LAM. There was abundant expression of UII, URP and UT proteins in the interstitial nodular lesions of patients with LAM. By immunohistochemistry, UII, URP and UT were co-localized with HMB45, a diagnostic marker of LAM. Immunoreactivity for UII, URP and UT was also evident over the pulmonary epithelium, pulmonary vasculature and inflammatory cells. Western blotting revealed the presence of greater UT expression in the lungs of patients with LAM compared to normal human lungs. UT expression correlated with mTOR activity, as indicated by increased phosphorylation of S6 in LAM samples. These findings demonstrate for the first time the presence of UII, URP and their receptor in the lesions of patients with LAM, and suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adel Giaid
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Adel Giaid, Cardiology, The Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Suite L3-109, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1C6, Canada, Tel: 514 934 1934 ext: 43841, Fax: 514 934 8344,
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23
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Kompa AR, Wang BH, Phrommintikul A, Ho PY, Kelly DJ, Behm DJ, Douglas SA, Krum H. Chronic urotensin II receptor antagonist treatment does not alter hypertrophy or fibrosis in a rat model of pressure-overload hypertrophy. Peptides 2010; 31:1523-30. [PMID: 20452383 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a potential mediator in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and inhibition of its actions at the urotensin receptor (UT) has been shown to improve cardiac function and structural changes of the myocardium in a model of myocardial infarction. In this study we utilized a model of pressure-overload hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) which resulted in hypertrophy, increased fibrosis and impaired diastolic and systolic function. These changes were associated with a 4-fold increase in UII protein expression in the myocardium. Treatment of animals with a selective UT (SB-657510) antagonist for 20 weeks at a dose of 1500 ppm did not improve cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis, nor did it inhibit left ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. We hypothesize that other neurohumoral pathways may have a greater involvement in the pathogenesis of this model. Targeting the UII system appears to be insufficient to observe a beneficial outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kompa
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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25
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Lawson EC, Luci DK, Ghosh S, Kinney WA, Reynolds CH, Qi J, Smith CE, Wang Y, Minor LK, Haertlein BJ, Parry TJ, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. Nonpeptide Urotensin-II Receptor Antagonists: A New Ligand Class Based on Piperazino-Phthalimide and Piperazino-Isoindolinone Subunits. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7432-45. [PMID: 19731961 DOI: 10.1021/jm900683d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Lawson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Diane K. Luci
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Shyamali Ghosh
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - William A. Kinney
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Charles H. Reynolds
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Jenson Qi
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Charles E. Smith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Lisa K. Minor
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Barbara J. Haertlein
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Tom J. Parry
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Bruce P. Damiano
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Bruce E. Maryanoff
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
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Papadopoulos P, Bousette N, Al-Ramli W, You Z, Behm DJ, Ohlstein EH, Harrison SM, Douglas SA, Giaid A. Targeted overexpression of the human urotensin receptor transgene in smooth muscle cells: Effect of UT antagonism in ApoE knockout mice fed with Western diet. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Behm DJ, Ogbonna A, Wu C, Burns-Kurtis CL, Douglas SA. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Function as Selective, Endogenous Antagonists of Native Thromboxane Receptors: Identification of a Novel Mechanism of Vasodilation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:231-9. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.145102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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N-Alkyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-amines and derivatives as novel urotensin-II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4936-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Aminomethylpiperazines as selective urotensin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4470-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jin J, An M, Sapienza A, Aiyar N, Naselsky D, Sarau HM, Foley JJ, Salyers KL, Knight SD, Keenan RM, Rivero RA, Dhanak D, Douglas SA. Urotensin-II receptor antagonists: Synthesis and SAR of N-cyclic azaalkyl benzamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3950-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Palosuran inhibits binding to primate UT receptors in cell membranes but demonstrates differential activity in intact cells and vascular tissues. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:374-86. [PMID: 18587423 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The recent development of the UT ligand palosuran (1-[2-(4-benzyl-4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-3-(2-methyl-quinolin-4-yl)-urea sulphate salt) has led to the proposition that urotensin-II (U-II) plays a significant pathological role in acute and chronic renal injury in the rat. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the present study, the pharmacological properties of palosuran were investigated further using a series of radioligand binding and functional bioassays. KEY RESULTS Palosuran functioned as a 'primate-selective' UT ligand in recombinant cell membranes (monkey and human UT K(i) values of 4 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1 nM), lacking appreciable affinity at other mammalian UT isoforms (rodent and feline K(i) values >1 microM). Paradoxically, however, palosuran lost significant (10- to 54-fold) affinity for native and recombinant human UT when radioligand binding was performed in intact cells (K(i) values of 50 +/- 3 and 276 +/- 67 nM). In accordance, palosuran also exhibited diminished activity in hUT (human urotensin-II receptor)-CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells (IC50 323 +/- 67 nM) and isolated arteries (K(b)>10 microM in rat aorta; K(b)>8.5 microM in cat arteries; K(b)>1.6 microM in monkey arteries; K(b) 2.2 +/- 0.6 microM in hUT transgenic mouse aorta). Relative to recombinant binding K(i) values, palosuran was subjected to a 392- to 690-fold reduction in functional activity in monkey isolated arteries. Such phenomena were peculiar to palosuran and were not apparent with an alternative chemotype, SB-657510 (2-bromo-N-[4-chloro-3-((R)-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)-phenyl]-4,5-dimethoxybenzenesulphonamide HCl). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, such findings suggest that caution should be taken when interpreting data generated using palosuran. The loss of UT affinity/activity observed in intact cells and tissues cf. membranes offers a potential explanation for the disappointing clinical efficacy reported with palosuran in diabetic nephropathy patients. As such, the (patho)physiological significance of U-II in diabetic renal dysfunction remains uncertain.
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Development of potent and selective small-molecule human Urotensin-II antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3500-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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McAtee JJ, Dodson JW, Dowdell SE, Erhard K, Girard GR, Goodman KB, Hilfiker MA, Jin J, Sehon CA, Sha D, Shi D, Wang F, Wang GZ, Wang N, Wang Y, Viet AQ, Yuan CCK, Zhang D, Aiyar NV, Behm DJ, Carballo LH, Evans CA, Fries HE, Nagilla R, Roethke TJ, Xu X, Douglas SA, Neeb MJ. Potent and selective small-molecule human urotensin-II antagonists with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3716-9. [PMID: 18524591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead compound 1 was successfully redesigned to provide compounds with improved pharmacokinetic profiles for this series of human urotensin-II antagonists. Replacement of the 2-pyrrolidinylmethyl-3-phenyl-piperidine core of 1 with a substituted N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethanamine core as in compound 7 resulted in compounds with improved oral bioavailability in rats. The relationship between stereochemistry and selectivity for hUT over the kappa-opioid receptor was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McAtee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Lescot E, Bureau R, Rault S. Nonpeptide Urotensin-II receptor agonists and antagonists: review and structure-activity relationships. Peptides 2008; 29:680-90. [PMID: 18022732 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human Urotensin-II (hU-II) is a cyclic 11-amino acid peptide that plays a role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Its receptor is a member of the class A of G-protein-coupled receptors, called GPR14. In recent years, several nonpeptide ligands have been reported in the literature. Most were identified by high-throughput screening and optimized by medicinal chemistry methods. Other nonpeptide ligands were discovered starting from the 3D structure of hU-II or other ligands. They were identified by a virtual screening approach based on a 3D pharmacophore or by structural similarity with others cyclic peptides. In this review, nonpeptide agonists and antagonists are presented in relation to structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lescot
- Université de Caen, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, 5 rue Vaubénard, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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Conlon JM. Liberation of urotensin II from the teleost urophysis: an historical overview. Peptides 2008; 29:651-7. [PMID: 17544546 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, urotensin II (UII) has progressed from being a peptide synthesized only in the urophysis of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish to being considered an important physiological regulator in mammals with implications for the pathogenesis of a range of human cardiovascular and renal diseases. The "liberation" of UII from the urophysis was a gradual process and involved the sequential realization that (a) UII is present not only in the urophysis but also in the central nervous systems (CNS) of teleosts, (b) UII peptides, similar in structure to the urophysial peptides, are present in the diffuse caudal neurosecretory systems and/or CNS of species less evolutionarily advanced than teleosts, including Agnatha, thereby showing that UII is a phylogenetically ancient peptide, (c) UII is present in the brain and spinal cord of a tetrapod, the green frog Rana ridibunda, and (d) the UII gene and its specific receptor (GPR14/UT) are expressed in the CNS and certain peripheral tissues of mammals, including the human. The discovery that the genomes of mammals contain an additional gene encoding a UII-related peptide (URP) and the availability of highly effective peptide and non-peptide antagonists to investigate the role of UII in human physiology and pathophysiology ensure that the peptide will remain "center stage" for several years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Jin J, Wang Y, Wang F, Shi D, Erhard KF, Wu Z, Guida BF, Lawrence SK, Behm DJ, Disa J, Vaidya KS, Evans C, McMillan LJ, Rivero RA, Neeb MJ, Douglas SA. 2-Aminomethyl piperidines as novel urotensin-II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2860-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Luci DK, Ghosh S, Smith CE, Qi J, Wang Y, Haertlein B, Parry TJ, Li J, Almond HR, Minor LK, Damiano BP, Kinney WA, Maryanoff BE, Lawson EC. Phenylpiperidine-benzoxazinones as urotensin-II receptor antagonists: Synthesis, SAR, and in vivo assessment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6489-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Johns DG, Behm DJ, Walker DJ, Ao Z, Shapland EM, Daniels DA, Riddick M, Dowell S, Staton PC, Green P, Shabon U, Bao W, Aiyar N, Yue TL, Brown AJ, Morrison AD, Douglas SA. The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:825-31. [PMID: 17704827 PMCID: PMC2190033 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atypical cannabinoids are thought to cause vasodilatation through an as-yet unidentified 'CBx' receptor. Recent reports suggest GPR55 is an atypical cannabinoid receptor, making it a candidate for the vasodilator 'CBx' receptor. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that human recombinant GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids and mediates vasodilator responses to these agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human recombinant GPR55 was expressed in HEK293T cells and specific GTPgammaS activity was monitored as an index of receptor activation. In GPR55-deficient and wild-type littermate control mice, in vivo blood pressure measurement and isolated resistance artery myography were used to determine GPR55 dependence of atypical cannabinoid-induced haemodynamic and vasodilator responses. KEY RESULTS Atypical cannabinoids O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol both stimulated GPR55-dependent GTPgammaS activity (EC50 approximately 2 nM), whereas the CB1 and CB2-selective agonist WIN 55,212-2 showed no effect in GPR55-expressing HEK293T cell membranes. Baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate were not different between WT and GPR55 KO mice. The blood pressure-lowering response to abnormal cannabidiol was not different between WT and KO mice (WT 20+/-2%, KO 26+/-5% change from baseline), nor was the vasodilator response to abnormal cannabidiol in isolated mesenteric arteries (IC50 approximately 3 micro M for WT and KO). The abnormal cannabidiol vasodilator response was antagonized equivalently by O-1918 in both strains. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that while GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids, it does not appear to mediate the vasodilator effects of these agents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cannabidiol/analogs & derivatives
- Cannabidiol/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Female
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Muscle Tonus/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Potassium Chloride/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/genetics
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Resorcinols/pharmacology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Johns
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center for Excellence in Drug Discovery, Vascular Biology and Thrombosis, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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40
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McDonald J, Batuwangala M, Lambert DG. Role of urotensin II and its receptor in health and disease. J Anesth 2007; 21:378-89. [PMID: 17680191 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-007-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) is currently the most potent vasoconstrictor identified. This action is brought about via activation of a G(q/11)-protein coupled receptor (UT receptor). U-II activation of the UT receptor increases inositol phosphate turnover and intracellular Ca(2+). In addition to producing vasoconstriction, dilation and ionotropic effects have also been described. There is considerable variation in the responsiveness of particular vascular beds from the same and different species, including humans. Receptors for U-II are located peripherally on vascular smooth muscle (contractile responses) and endothelial cells (dilatory responses via nitric oxide). In humans, plasma U-II is elevated in heart failure, renal failure, liver disease, and diabetes. Iontophoresis of U-II in healthy volunteers produces vasodilation (of the forearm) while in patients with heart failure or hypertension a constriction is observed. To date there is only one clinical study using a UT receptor antagonist (palosuran) in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria. This antagonist reduced albumin excretion, probably by increasing renal blood flow. Studies in other disease conditions are eagerly awaited. In summary, the U-II / UT receptor system has clinical potential, and for the anesthesiologist, this novel peptide-receptor system may be of use in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDonald
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, LRI, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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41
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Lehmann F, Lake L, Currier EA, Olsson R, Hacksell U, Luthman K. Design, parallel synthesis and SAR of novel urotensin II receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:276-85. [PMID: 17112638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 30-membered library of amides based on the potent urotensin II (UII) receptor agonist FL104, has been synthesized from ten different carboxylic acids and three amines. A synthetic protocol producing the amides in 47-98% yield has been developed in which the purification involved only extractions and in a few cases filtration through an ion-exchange resin. It was found that 5mg of starting material was enough to obtain reproducible results and excellent purities. Thus, the procedure is estimated to be transferable to fully automated systems. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their UII receptor agonistic activities using a cell-based assay (R-SAT). The most active compounds were the 4-trifluoromethylcinnamic amides of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-dimethylamino-propylamine and 1-(2-naphthyl)-3-dimethylamino-propylamine, both showed EC(50) values of 130 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Göteborg University, Kemivagen 10, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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42
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Behm DJ, Stankus G, Doe CPA, Willette RN, Sarau HM, Foley JJ, Schmidt DB, Nuthulaganti P, Fornwald JA, Ames RS, Lambert DG, Calo' G, Camarda V, Aiyar NV, Douglas SA. The peptidic urotensin-II receptor ligand GSK248451 possesses less intrinsic activity than the low-efficacy partial agonists SB-710411 and urantide in native mammalian tissues and recombinant cell systems. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:173-90. [PMID: 16547525 PMCID: PMC1617064 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several peptidic urotensin-II (UT) receptor antagonists exert 'paradoxical' agonist activity in recombinant cell- and tissue-based bioassay systems, likely the result of differential urotensin-II receptor (UT receptor) signal transduction/coupling efficiency between assays. The present study has examined this phenomenon in mammalian arteries and recombinant UT-HEK (human embryonic kidney) cells.BacMam-mediated recombinant UT receptor upregulation in HEK cells augmented agonist activity for all four peptidic UT ligands studied. The nominal rank order of relative intrinsic efficacy was U-II>urantide ([Pen(5)-DTrp(7)-Orn(8)]hU-II(4-11))>SB-710411 (Cpa-c[DCys-Pal-DTrp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Cpa-amide)>>GSK248451 (Cin-c[DCys-Pal-DTrp-Orn-Val-Cys]-His-amide) (the relative coupling efficiency of recombinant HEK cells was cat>human>>rat UT receptor). The present study further demonstrated that the use of high signal transduction/coupling efficiency isolated blood vessel assays (primate>cat arteries) is required in order to characterize UT receptor antagonism thoroughly. This cannot be attained simply by using the rat isolated aorta, an artery with low signal transduction/coupling efficiency in which low-efficacy agonists appear to function as antagonists. In contrast to the 'low-efficacy agonists' urantide and SB-710411, GSK248451 functioned as a potent UT receptor antagonist in all native isolated tissues studied (UT receptor selectivity was confirmed in the rat aorta). Further, GSK248451 exhibited an extremely low level of relative intrinsic activity in recombinant HEK cells (4-5-fold less than seen with urantide). Since GSK248451 (1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) blocked the systemic pressor actions of exogenous U-II in the anaesthetized cat, it represents a suitable peptidic tool antagonist for delineating the role of U-II in the aetiology of mammalian cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Behm
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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43
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Abstract
The peptide hormone urotensin II (UII) has been highly conserved through the vertebrates from fish to humans. As it was shown to be the endogenous ligand for the mammalian orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR14, now renamed the UT receptor, interest in UII physiology has grown. Initial observations of a potent vasoconstrictor effect have been tempered with the subsequent revelation of an endothelium-dependent vasodilator action. These complex and contrasting vascular actions are both species- and vascular bed-specific. UII also plays a role in body fluid regulation in lower vertebrates, and it now appears that this extends to mammals. The kidney is a major source of both circulating and urinary UII. UII is found in both the proximal tubules and collecting ducts; the UT receptor is localized primarily to the renal medulla, with greatest expression in the inner medullary collecting ducts. Infusion in rats produced conflicting results: exogenous UII has been shown to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and excretion of water and sodium, but also to reduce the same variables. Inhibition of UT receptor activity with the antagonist urantide resulted in an increase in GFR, diuresis, and natriuresis, suggesting that endogenous UII exerts a tonic influence on basal renal function. UII may also play a role in renal disease, being elevated in the circulation or urine of patients with renal failure and in experimental models of cardiovascular disease such as the spontaneously hypertensive rat. It remains to be established whether these changes represent an underlying primary cause or a compensatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ashton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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44
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Song W, McDonald J, Camarda V, Calo G, Guerrini R, Marzola E, Thompson JP, Rowbotham DJ, Lambert DG. Cell and tissue responses of a range of Urotensin II analogs at cloned and native urotensin II receptors. Evidence for coupling promiscuity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 373:148-57. [PMID: 16596397 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-006-0057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) is the peptide ligand for the G-protein-coupled U-II receptor (UT). U-II has been dubbed "the most potent vasoconstrictor identified to date". However, in vivo studies with this system are hampered by the paucity of available ligands. Here, we characterise Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human UT receptor in the following assays; (1) [(125)I]U-II binding, (2) GTPgamma[(35)S] binding, (3) cAMP formation, and (4) intracellular Ca(2+). We assess activity of 9 U-II analogues using these paradigms and examine their ability to contract isolated rat aorta. CHO(hUT) cells bound [(125)I]U-II with a B (max) and K (d) of 1,110+/-70 fmol/mg protein and 742 pM, respectively. hU-II stimulated GTPgamma[(35)S] binding (pEC(50) 8.38), optimal at low (0.1 muM) GDP concentrations. The hU-II GTPgamma[(35)S] response was partially PTx sensitive and there was a potent (pEC(50) 9.23) low efficacy ( approximately 20% inhibition) coupling to adenylyl cyclase. In CHO(hUT) cells hU-II stimulates calcium release from intracellular stores (pEC(50) 8.80) and calcium influx in a PTx-insensitive manner. In our structure-activity relationship study most ligands acted as full agonists. However, urantide behaved as a partial agonist (pEC(50) 7.67/pK(B) 7.55) in GTPgamma[(35)S] binding, a full agonist (pEC(50) 8.11) for increases in intracellular Ca(2+) and a competitive antagonist in the rat aorta bioassay (pK(B) 8.59). Collectively, these data show promiscuity at high expression and indicate the need for careful multi-assay evaluation of novel U-II analogues. Further modification of urantide, in order to eliminate residual agonist activity and to identify novel ligands for in vivo cardiovascular studies are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- University Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group), Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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45
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46
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Alexander SPH, Mathie A, Peters JA. Urotensin-II. Br J Pharmacol 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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47
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Camarda V, Spagnol M, Song W, Vergura R, Roth AL, Thompson JP, Rowbotham DJ, Guerrini R, Marzola E, Salvadori S, Cavanni P, Regoli D, Douglas SA, Lambert DG, Calò G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel UT receptor ligand [Pen5,DTrp7,Dab8]urotensin II(4-11) (UFP-803). Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147:92-100. [PMID: 16273120 PMCID: PMC1615843 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT) ligand, [Pen(5),DTrp(7),Dab(8)]U-II(4-11) (UFP-803), was pharmacologically evaluated and compared with urantide in in vitro and in vivo assays. In the rat isolated aorta, UFP-803 was inactive alone but, concentration dependently, displaced the contractile response to U-II to the right, revealing a competitive type of antagonism and a pA(2) value of 7.46. In the FLIPR [Ca(2+)](i) assay, performed at room temperature in HEK293(hUT) and HEK293(rUT) cells, U-II increased [Ca(2+)](i) with pEC(50) values of 8.11 and 8.48. Urantide and UFP-803 were inactive as agonists, but antagonized the actions of U-II by reducing, in a concentration-dependent manner, the agonist maximal effects with apparent pK(B) values in the range of 8.45-9.05. In a separate series of experiments performed at 37 degrees C using a cuvette-based [Ca(2+)](i) assay and CHO(hUT) cells, urantide mimicked the [Ca(2+)](i) stimulatory effect of U-II with an intrinsic activity (alpha) of 0.80, while UFP-803 displayed a small (alpha=0.21) but consistent residual agonist activity. When the same experiments were repeated at 22 degrees C (a temperature similar to that in FLIPR experiments), urantide displayed a very small intrinsic activity (alpha=0.11) and UFP-803 was completely inactive as an agonist. In vivo in mice, UFP-803 (10 nmol kg(-1)) antagonized U-II (1 nmol kg(-1))-induced increase in plasma extravasation in various vascular beds, while being inactive alone. In conclusion, UFP-803 is a potent UT receptor ligand which displays competitive/noncompetitive antagonist behavior depending on the assay. While UFP-803 is less potent than urantide, it displayed reduced residual agonist activity and as such may be a useful pharmacological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Camarda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Spagnol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Raffaella Vergura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adelheid L Roth
- Department of Biology, Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery Psychiatry, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Verona, Italy
| | - Jonathan P Thompson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - David J Rowbotham
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavanni
- Department of Biology, Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery Psychiatry, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Regoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stephen A Douglas
- Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, U.S.A
| | - David G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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48
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Zhu YC, Zhu YZ, Moore PK. Magnifying endoscopic observation of the gastric mucosa, particularly in patients with atrophic gastritis. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 148:884-901. [PMID: 16783414 PMCID: PMC1751922 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastric mucosal surface was observed using the magnifying fibergastroscope (FGS-ML), and the fine gastric mucosal patterns, which were even smaller than one unit of gastric area, were examined at a magnification of about 30. For simplicification, we classified these patterns by magnifying endoscopy in the following ways; FP, FIP, FSP, SP and MP, modifying Yoshii's classification under the dissecting microscope. The FIP, which was found to have round and long elliptical gastric pits, is a new addition to our endoscopic classification. The relationship between the FIP and the intermediate zone was evaluated by superficial and histological studies of surgical and biopsy specimens. The width of the band of FIP seems to be related to the severity of atrophic gastritis. Also, the transformation of FP to FIP was assessed by comparing specimens taken from the resected and residual parts of the stomach, respectively. Moreover, it appears that severe gastritis occurs in the gastric mucosa which shows a FIP. Therefore, we consider that the FIP indicates the position of the atrophic border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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