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Quiles KR, Shao FZ, Johnson WE, Chen F. EPITHELIAL REMODELING AND MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS IN THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF VITAMIN A-DEFICIENT MOUSE LUNGS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600110. [PMID: 38948802 PMCID: PMC11212965 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization identified vitamin A deficiency (VAD) as a major public health issue in low-income communities and developing countries, while additional studies have shown dietary VAD leads to various lung pathologies. Once believed to be sterile, research now shows that transient microbial communities exist within healthy lungs and are often dysregulated in patients suffering from malnourishment, respiratory infections, and disease. The inability to parse vitamin A-mediated mechanisms from other metabolic mechanisms in humans with pathogenic endotypes, as well as the lack of data investigating how VAD affects the lung microbiome, remains a significant gap in the field. To address this unmet need, we compared molecular, metatranscriptomic, and morphometric data to identify how dietary VAD affects the lung as well as the lung microbiome. Our research shows structural and functional alterations in host-microbe-diet interactions in VAD lungs compared to vitamin A-sufficient (VAS) lungs; these changes are associated with epithelial remodeling, a breakdown in mucociliary clearance, microbial imbalance, and altered microbial colonization patterns after 8 weeks of vitamin A deficient diet. These findings confirm vitamin A is critical for lung homeostasis and provide mechanistic insights that could be valuable for the prevention of respiratory infections and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiloni R Quiles
- Boston University Pulmonary Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Center
| | - Feng-Zhi Shao
- Boston University Pulmonary Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Center
| | - W Evan Johnson
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Center for Data Science
| | - Felicia Chen
- Boston University Pulmonary Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Center
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Gopal Reddy MR, Kumar MS, Acharya V, Venkata SM, Putcha UK, Jeyakumar SM. Vitamin A deficiency increases the oleic acid (C18:1) levels in the kidney of high fructose diet-fed rats. Indian J Med Res 2020; 150:620-629. [PMID: 32048626 PMCID: PMC7038806 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1574_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key lipogenic enzyme responsible for endogenous synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and plays a key role in various pathophysiology, including fatty liver diseases. In this experimental study the impact of vitamin A deficiency was assessed on SCD1 regulation in relation to kidney biology, under high fructose (HFr) diet-fed condition in rats. Methods Forty male weanling (21 day old) Wistar rats were divided into four groups control, vitamin A-deficient (VAD), HFr, VAD with HFr consisting of eight rats each, except 16 for the VAD group. The groups received one of the following diets: control, VAD, HFr and VAD with HFr for 16 wk, except half of the VAD diet-fed rats were shifted to HFr diet, after eight week period. Results Feeding of VAD diet (alone or with HFr) significantly reduced the kidney retinol (0.51, 0.44 μg/g vs. 2.1 μg/g; P < 0.05), while increased oleic (C18:1) and total MUFA levels (23.3, 22.2% and 27.3, 25.4% respectively vs. 14.7 and 16.6%; P < 0.05) without affecting the SCD1, both at protein and mRNA levels, when compared with HFr. Comparable, immunohistological staining for SCD1 was observed in the distal convoluted tubules. Despite an increase in MUFA, morphology, triglyceride content and markers of kidney function were not affected by VAD diet feeding. Interpretation & conclusions Feeding of VAD diet either alone or under HFr condition increased the kidney oleic acid (C18:1) levels and thus total MUFA, which corroborated with elevated SCD1 activity index, without affecting its expression status. However, these changes did not alter the kidney morphology and function. Thus, nutrient-gene regulation in kidney biology seems to be divergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- Divisions of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manchiryala Sravan Kumar
- Divisions of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vani Acharya
- Divisions of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Divisions of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Pourjafar M, Saidijam M, Mansouri K, Ghasemibasir H, Karimi dermani F, Najafi R. All-trans retinoic acid preconditioning enhances proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of mesenchymal stem cell in vitro and enhances wound repair in vivo. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12315. [PMID: 27862498 PMCID: PMC6529123 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stem cell therapy is considered to be a suitable alternative in treatment of a number of diseases. However, there are challenges in their clinical application in cell therapy, such as to reduce survival and loss of transplanted stem cells. It seems that chemical and pharmacological preconditioning enhances their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on survival, angiogenesis and migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and in a wound-healing model. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs were treated with a variety of concentrations of ATRA, and mRNA expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and Ang-4 were examined by qRT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured using an ELISA kit and MSC angiogenic potential was evaluated using three-dimensional tube formation assay. Finally, benefit of ATRA-treated MSCs in wound healing was determined with a rat excisional wound model. RESULTS In ATRA-treated MSCs, expressions of COX-2, HIF-1, CXCR4, CCR2, VEGF, Ang-2 and Ang-4 increased compared to control groups. Overexpression of the related genes was reversed by celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Tube formation and in vivo wound healing of ATRA-treated MSCs were also significantly enhanced compared to untreated MSCs. CONCLUSION Pre-conditioning of MSCs with ATRA increased efficacy of cell therapy by activation of survival signalling pathways, trophic factors and release of pro-angiogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pourjafar
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamedan University of Medical SciencesHamedanIran
| | - M. Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamedan University of Medical SciencesHamedanIran
| | - K. Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical, SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - H. Ghasemibasir
- Department of PathologyHamedan University of Medical SciencesHamedanIran
| | - F. Karimi dermani
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamedan University of Medical SciencesHamedanIran
| | - R. Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamedan University of Medical SciencesHamedanIran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Bao Y, Ibram G, Blaner WS, Quesenberry CP, Shen L, McKeague IW, Schaefer CA, Susser ES, Brown AS. Low maternal retinol as a risk factor for schizophrenia in adult offspring. Schizophr Res 2012; 137:159-65. [PMID: 22381190 PMCID: PMC3520602 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal micronutrient deficiency has been linked to later development of schizophrenia among offspring; however, no study has specifically investigated the association between vitamin A and this disorder. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient which is required by the early embryo and fetus for gene expression and regulation, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Previous work suggests that vitamin A deficiency in the second trimester may be particularly relevant to the etiopathogenesis of neurobehavioral phenotypes some of which are observed in schizophrenia. METHODS We examined whether low maternal vitamin A levels in the second trimester are associated with the risk of schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia study; third trimester vitamin A levels were also examined in relation to SSD. The cases were derived from a population-based birth cohort; all cohort members belonged to a prepaid health plan. Archived maternal serum samples were assayed for vitamin A in cases (N=55) and up to 2 controls per case (N=106) matched on length of membership in the health plan, date of birth (±28 days), sex, and gestational timing and availability of archived maternal sera. RESULTS For the second trimester, low maternal vitamin A, defined as values in the lowest tertile of the distribution among controls, was associated with a greater than threefold increased risk of SSD, adjusting for maternal education and age (OR=3.04, 95% CI=1.06, 8.79, p=.039). No association between third trimester maternal vitamin A and SSD was observed. CONCLUSIONS Although further investigations are warranted, this is the first birth cohort study to our knowledge to report an association between low maternal vitamin A levels and SSD among offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanYuan Bao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Ghionul Ibram
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - William S. Blaner
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Charles P. Quesenberry
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States
| | - Ling Shen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States
| | - Ian W. McKeague
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Catherine A. Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States
| | - Ezra S. Susser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Alan S. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Corresponding author at: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 23, New York, NY 10032, United States. Tel.: +1 212 543 5629. (A.S. Brown)
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Fernández-Martínez AB, Arenas Jiménez MI, Lucio Cazaña FJ. Retinoic acid increases hypoxia-inducible factor-1α through intracrine prostaglandin E(2) signaling in human renal proximal tubular cells HK-2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:672-83. [PMID: 22306363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown in HK-2 cells that ATRA (all-trans-retinoic acid) up-regulates HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) in normoxia, which results in increased production of renal protector VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A). Here we investigated the role of COXs (cyclooxygenases) in these effects and we found that, i) ATRA increased the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA and protein and the intracellular levels (but not the extracellular ones) of PGE(2). Furthermore, inhibitors of COX isoenzymes blocked ATRA-induced increase in intracellular PGE(2), HIF-1α up-regulation and increased VEGF-A production. Immunofluorescence analysis found intracellular staining for EP1-4 receptors (PGE(2) receptors). These results indicated that COX activity is critical for ATRA-induced HIF-1α up-regulation and suggested that intracellular PGE(2) could mediate the effects of ATRA; ii) Treatment with PGE(2) analog 16,16-dimethyl-PGE(2) resulted in up-regulation of HIF-1α and antagonists of EP1-4 receptors inhibited 16,16-dimethyl-PGE(2)- and ATRA-induced HIF-1α up-regulation. These results confirmed that PGE(2) mediates the effects of ATRA on HIF-1α expression; iii) Prostaglandin uptake transporter inhibitor bromocresol green blocked the increase in HIF-1α expression induced by PGE(2) or by PGE(2)-increasing cytokine interleukin-1β, but not by ATRA. Therefore only intracellular PGE(2) is able to increase HIF-1α expression. In conclusion, intracellular PGE(2) increases HIF-1α expression and mediates ATRA-induced HIF-1α up-regulation.
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Gongal PA, March LD, Holly VL, Pillay LM, Berry-Wynne KM, Kagechika H, Waskiewicz AJ. Hmx4 regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling through control of retinoic acid synthesis during forebrain patterning. Dev Biol 2011; 355:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Alique M, Calleros L, Luengo A, Griera M, Iñiguez MÁ, Punzón C, Fresno M, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Rodríguez-Puyol D. Changes in extracellular matrix composition regulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C907-18. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular diseases are characterized by a sustained synthesis and accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen type I. The extracellular matrix transmits information to cells through interactions with membrane components, which directly activate many intracellular signaling events. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that eicosanoids derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 participate in a number of pathological processes in immune-mediated renal diseases, and it is known that protein kinase B (AKT) may act through different transcription factors in the regulation of the COX-2 promoter. The present results show that progressive accumulation of collagen I in the extracellular medium induces a significant increase of COX-2 expression in human mesangial cells, resulting in an enhancement in PGE2 production. COX-2 overexpression is due to increased COX-2 mRNA levels. The study of the mechanism implicated in COX-2 upregulation by collagen I showed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. Furthermore, we observed that the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway by collagen I and collagen I-induced COX-2 overexpression was abolished by PI3K and AKT inhibitors. Additionally, we showed that the cAMP response element (CRE) transcription factor is implicated. Finally, we studied COX-2 expression in an animal model, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hypertensive rats. In renal tissue and vascular walls, COX-2 and collagen type I content were upregulated. In summary, our results provide evidence that collagen type I increases COX-2 expression via the FAK/PI3K/AKT/cAMP response element binding protein signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Alique
- Departamento de Fisiología,
- Inststuto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, and
| | - Laura Calleros
- Departamento de Fisiología,
- Inststuto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, and
| | - Alicia Luengo
- Departamento de Fisiología,
- Inststuto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, and
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Departamento de Fisiología,
- Inststuto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, and
| | - Miguel Ángel Iñiguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Mardrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Punzón
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Mardrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Mardrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Inststuto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, and
- Nephrology Section of the “Príncipe de Asturias Hospital,” Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares,
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15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 but inhibits prostaglandin-E2 production through a thiol antioxidant-sensitive mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2008; 57:344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Joo JH, Jetten AM. NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activation in lung carcinoma cells by farnesol involves p65/RelA(Ser276) phosphorylation via the MEK-MSK1 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16391-9. [PMID: 18424438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma H460 cells with farnesol induces the expression of a number of immune response and inflammatory genes, including IL-6, CXCL3, IL-1alpha, and COX-2. This response was dependent on the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Farnesol treatment reduces the level of IkappaBalpha and induces translocation of p65/RelA to the nucleus, its phosphorylation at Ser(276), and transactivation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Moreover, overexpression of IkappaBalpha or treatment with the NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester greatly diminishes the induction of inflammatory gene expression by farnesol. We provide evidence indicating that the farnesol-induced phosphorylation of p65/RelA at Ser(276) is important for optimal transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB. The MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and knockdown of MEK1/2 expression with small interfering RNAs effectively blocked the phosphorylation of p65/RelA(Ser(276)) but not that of Ser(536), suggesting that this phosphorylation is dependent on the activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. We further show that inhibition of MSK1, a kinase acting downstream of MEK1/2-ERK1/2, by H89 or knockdown of MSK1 expression also inhibited phosphorylation of p65/RelA(Ser(276)), suggesting that this phosphorylation is dependent on MSK1. Knockdown of MEK1/2 or MSK1 expression inhibits farnesol-induced expression of CXCL3, IL-1alpha, and COX-2 mRNA. Our results indicate that the induction of inflammatory genes by farnesol is mediated by the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and involves MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MSK1-dependent phosphorylation of p65/RelA(Ser(276)). The activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by farnesol might be part of a prosurvival response during farnesol-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Hyuck Joo
- Cell Biology Section, LRB, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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All-trans retinoic acid induces COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: involvement of retinoic acid receptors and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2. J Neuroinflammation 2007; 4:1. [PMID: 17204142 PMCID: PMC1769480 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent results show that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces COX-dependent hyperalgesia and allodynia in rats. This effect was mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and was associated with increased COX-2 expression in the spinal cord. Since ATRA also up-regulated COX-2 expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, the current study was undertaken to analyze in these cells the mechanism through which ATRA increases COX activity. METHODS Cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with ATRA. COX expression and kinase activity were analyzed by western blot. Transcriptional mechanisms were analyzed by RT-PCR and promoter assays. Pharmacological inhibitors of kinase activity and pan-antagonists of RAR or RXR were used to assess the relevance of these signaling pathways. Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was quantified by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay. Statistical significance between individual groups was tested using the non-parametric unpaired Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS ATRA induced a significant increase of COX-2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, while COX-1 expression remained unchanged. Morphological features of differentiation were not observed in ATRA-treated cells. Up-regulation of COX-2 protein expression was followed by increased production of PGE2. ATRA also up-regulated COX-2 mRNA expression and increased the activity of a human COX-2 promoter construct. We next explored the participation of RARs and mitogen-activated peptide kinases (MAPK). Pre-incubation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with either RAR-pan-antagonist LE540 or MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK-1) inhibitor PD98059 resulted in the abolition of ATRA-induced COX-2 promoter activity, COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production whereas the retinoid X receptor pan-antagonist HX531, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the c-Jun kinase inhibitor SP600125 did not have any effect. The increase in RAR-beta expression and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2) phosphorylation in ATRA-incubated cells suggested that RARs and ERK1/2 were in fact activated by ATRA in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of RAR-dependent and kinase-dependent mechanisms for ATRA-induced COX-2 expression and activity.
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Alique M, Lucio-Cazaña FJ, Moreno V, Xu Q, Konta T, Nakayama K, Furusu A, Sepulveda JC, Kitamura M. Upregulation of cyclooxygenases by retinoic acid in rat mesangial cells. Pharmacology 2006; 79:57-64. [PMID: 17159378 DOI: 10.1159/000097785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increases the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 and the production of PGE2, a prostaglandin with anti-inflammatory effects in human mesangial cells (MC). COX-2 increased through a transcriptional mechanism independent of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) and dependent on extracellular regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), that became phosphorylated 5 min after ATRA addition. Here, in rat MC, ATRA also upregulated COX isoenzymes and PGE2 production, but not in the same way as in human MC: (1) PGE2 production increased only slightly; (2) RAR and RXR were involved in the transcriptional upregulation of COX-2 by ATRA since the RAR-pan-antagonist AGN193109 or the RXR-pan-antagonist HX531 abolished the induction of COX-2 mRNA whereas the RAR-pan-agonist TTNPB or the RXR-pan-agonist AGN194204 induced expression of COX-2, and (3) ERK1/2 phosphorylation, though important for COX-2 upregulation, took more than 1 h. Therefore the regulation of COX by ATRA exhibits striking differences between human and rat MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Alique
- Department of Physiology, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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