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Maslov I, Volkov O, Khorn P, Orekhov P, Gusach A, Kuzmichev P, Gerasimov A, Luginina A, Coucke Q, Bogorodskiy A, Gordeliy V, Wanninger S, Barth A, Mishin A, Hofkens J, Cherezov V, Gensch T, Hendrix J, Borshchevskiy V. Sub-millisecond conformational dynamics of the A 2A adenosine receptor revealed by single-molecule FRET. Commun Biol 2023; 6:362. [PMID: 37012383 PMCID: PMC10070357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by their multi-state conformational dynamics. Single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) is well suited to quantify dynamics for individual protein molecules; however, its application to GPCRs is challenging. Therefore, smFRET has been limited to studies of inter-receptor interactions in cellular membranes and receptors in detergent environments. Here, we performed smFRET experiments on functionally active human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) molecules embedded in freely diffusing lipid nanodiscs to study their intramolecular conformational dynamics. We propose a dynamic model of A2AAR activation that involves a slow (>2 ms) exchange between the active-like and inactive-like conformations in both apo and antagonist-bound A2AAR, explaining the receptor's constitutive activity. For the agonist-bound A2AAR, we detected faster (390 ± 80 µs) ligand efficacy-dependent dynamics. Our work establishes a general smFRET platform for GPCR investigations that can potentially be used for drug screening and/or mechanism-of-action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Maslov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan C (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Polina Khorn
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Philipp Orekhov
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavel Kuzmichev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey Gerasimov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Quinten Coucke
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Wanninger
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative München (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders Barth
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative München (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan C (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation.
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Nagaoka K, Asaoka N, Nagayasu K, Shirakawa H, Kaneko S. Enhancement of adenosine A 2A signaling improves dopamine D 2 receptor antagonist-induced dyskinesia via β-arrestin signaling. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1082375. [PMID: 36760795 PMCID: PMC9902764 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1082375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonists, which is the treatment for psychosis, often causes tardive dyskinesia (TD). Despite notable clinical demand, effective treatment for TD has not been established yet. The neural mechanism involving the hyperinhibition of indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the striatum is considered one of the main causes of TD. In this study, we focused on adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) expressed in iMSNs and investigated whether pharmacological activation of A2ARs improves dyskinetic symptoms in a TD mouse model. A 21-day treatment with haloperidol increased the number of vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and decreased the number of c-Fos+/ppENK+ iMSNs in the dorsal striatum. Haloperidol-induced VCMs were reduced by acute intraperitoneal administration of an A2AR agonist, CGS 21680A. Consistently, haloperidol-induced VCMs and decrease in the number of c-Fos+/ppENK+ iMSNs were also mitigated by intrastriatal injection of CGS 21680A. The effects of intrastriatal CGS 21680A were not observed when it was concomitantly administered with a β-arrestin inhibitor, barbadin. Finally, intrastriatal injection of an arrestin-biased D2R agonist, UNC9994, also inhibited haloperidol-induced VCMs. These results suggest that A2AR agonists mitigate TD symptoms by activating striatal iMSNs via β-arrestin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nagaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Shuji Kaneko,
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Cabalteja CC, Sachdev S, Cheloha RW. Rapid Covalent Labeling of Membrane Proteins on Living Cells Using a Nanobody-Epitope Tag Pair. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1867-1875. [PMID: 36107739 PMCID: PMC10200341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic molecules that form a covalent bond upon binding to a targeted biomolecule (proximity-induced reactivity) are the subject of intense biomedical interest for the unique pharmacological properties imparted by irreversible binding. However, off-target covalent labeling and the lack of molecules with sufficient specificity limit more widespread applications. We describe the first example of a cross-linking platform that uses a synthetic peptide epitope and a single domain antibody (or nanobody) pair to form a covalent linkage rapidly and specifically. The rate of the cross-linking reaction between peptide and nanobody is faster than most other biocompatible cross-linking reactions, and it can be used to label live cells expressing receptor-nanobody fusions. The rapid kinetics of this system allowed us to probe the consequences on signaling for ligand cross-linking to the A2A-adenosine receptor. Our method may be generally useful to site-specifically link synthetic molecules to receptors on mammalian cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chino C. Cabalteja
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD USA 20894
| | - Shivani Sachdev
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD USA 20894
| | - Ross W. Cheloha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD USA 20894
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Yeast-based directed-evolution for high-throughput structural stabilization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Sci Rep 2022; 12:8657. [PMID: 35606532 PMCID: PMC9126886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense potential of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as targets for drug discovery is not fully realized due to the enormous difficulties associated with structure elucidation of these profoundly unstable membrane proteins. The existing methods of GPCR stability-engineering are cumbersome and low-throughput; in addition, the scope of GPCRs that could benefit from these techniques is limited. Here, we present a yeast-based screening platform for a single-step isolation of GRCR variants stable in the presence of short-chain detergents, a feature essential for their successful crystallization using vapor diffusion method. The yeast detergent-resistant cell wall presents a unique opportunity for compartmentalization, to physically link the receptor's phenotype to its encoding DNA, and thus enable discovery of stable GPCR variants with unprecedent efficiency. The scope of mutations identified by the method reveals a surprising amenability of the GPCR scaffold to stabilization, and suggests an intriguing possibility of amending the stability properties of GPCR by varying the structural status of the C-terminus.
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Barresi E, Giacomelli C, Marchetti L, Baglini E, Salerno S, Greco G, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Trincavelli ML, Taliani S. Novel positive allosteric modulators of A 2B adenosine receptor acting as bone mineralisation promoters. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:286-294. [PMID: 33334192 PMCID: PMC7751416 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1862103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecules acting as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) could potentially represent a novel therapeutic strategy for pathological conditions characterised by altered bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis. We investigated a library of compounds (4-13) exhibiting different degrees of chemical similarity with three indole derivatives (1-3), which have been recently identified by us as PAMs of the A2B AR able to promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and bone formation. Evaluation of mineralisation activity of 4-13 in the presence and in the absence of the agonist BAY60-6583 allowed the identification of lead compounds with therapeutic potential as anti-osteoporosis agents. Further biological characterisation of one of the most performing compounds, the benzofurane derivative 9, confirmed that such a molecule behaves as PAM of the A2B AR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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The Specificity of Downstream Signaling for A 1 and A 2AR Does Not Depend on the C-Terminus, Despite the Importance of This Domain in Downstream Signaling Strength. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120603. [PMID: 33322210 PMCID: PMC7764039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts to determine the high-resolution crystal structures for the adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR) have utilized modifications to the native receptors in order to facilitate receptor crystallization and structure determination. One common modification is a truncation of the unstructured C-terminus, which has been utilized for all the adenosine receptor crystal structures obtained to date. Ligand binding for this truncated receptor has been shown to be similar to full-length receptor for A2AR. However, the C-terminus has been identified as a location for protein-protein interactions that may be critical for the physiological function of these important drug targets. We show that variants with A2AR C-terminal truncations lacked cAMP-linked signaling compared to the full-length receptor constructs transfected into mammalian cells (HEK-293). In addition, we show that in a humanized yeast system, the absence of the full-length C-terminus affected downstream signaling using a yeast MAPK response-based fluorescence assay, though full-length receptors showed native-like G-protein coupling. To further study the G protein coupling, we used this humanized yeast platform to explore coupling to human-yeast G-protein chimeras in a cellular context. Although the C-terminus was essential for Gα protein-associated signaling, chimeras of A1R with a C-terminus of A2AR coupled to the A1R-specific Gα (i.e., Gαi1 versus Gαs). This surprising result suggests that the C-terminus is important in the signaling strength, but not specificity, of the Gα protein interaction. This result has further implications in drug discovery, both in enabling the experimental use of chimeras for ligand design, and in the cautious interpretation of structure-based drug design using truncated receptors.
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7
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Silva D, Moreira D, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Quintas C, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Intracellular adenosine released from THP-1 differentiated human macrophages is involved in an autocrine control of Leishmania parasitic burden, mediated by adenosine A 2A and A 2B receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173504. [PMID: 32858046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infected macrophages have conditions to produce adenosine. Despite its known immunosuppressive effects, no studies have yet established whether adenosine alter Leishmania parasitic burden upon macrophage infection. This work aimed at investigating whether endogenous adenosine exerts an autocrine modulation of macrophage response towards Leishmania infection, identifying its origin and potential pharmacological targets for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), using THP-1 differentiated macrophages. Adenosine deaminase treatment of infected THP-1 cells reduced the parasitic burden (29.1 ± 2.2%, P < 0.05). Adenosine A2A and A2B receptor subtypes expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR and by immunocytochemistry and their blockade with selective adenosine A2A and A2B antagonists reduced the parasitic burden [14.5 ± 3.1% (P < 0.05) and 12.3 ± 3.1% (P < 0.05), respectively; and 24.9 ± 2.8% (P < 0.05), by the combination of the two antagonists)], suggesting that adenosine A2 receptors are tonically activated in infected THP-1 differentiated macrophages. The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden. Effects of adenosine A2 receptors antagonists and ENT1/2 inhibitor were prevented by L-NAME, indicating that nitric oxide production inhibition prevents adenosine from increasing parasitic burden. Results suggest that intracellular adenosine, released through ENTs, elicits an autocrine increase in parasitic burden in THP-1 macrophages, through adenosine A2 receptors activation. These observations open the possibility to use well-established ENT inhibitors or adenosine A2 receptor antagonists as new therapeutic approaches in VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Moreira
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Clara Quintas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Olinski LE, Lin EM, Oancea E. Illuminating insights into opsin 3 function in the skin. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100668. [PMID: 31653550 PMCID: PMC7059126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because sunlight is essential for human survival, we have developed complex mechanisms for detecting and responding to light stimuli. The eyes and skin are major organs for sensing light and express several light-sensitive opsin receptors. These opsins mediate cellular responses to spectrally-distinct wavelengths of visible and ultraviolet light. How the eyes mediate visual phototransduction is well understood, but less is known about how the skin detects light. Both human and murine skin express a wide array of opsins, with one of the most highly expressed being the functionally elusive opsin 3 (OPN3). In this review we explore light reception, opsin expression and signaling in skin cells; we compile data elucidating potential functions for human OPN3 in skin, with emphasis on recent studies investigating OPN3 regulation of melanin within epidermal melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Olinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Erica M Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA
| | - Elena Oancea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
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9
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Loonen AJ, Wilffert B, Ivanova SA. Putative role of pharmacogenetics to elucidate the mechanism of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1199-1223. [PMID: 31686592 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers which can be used as a diagnostic tool is a major objective of pharmacogenetic studies. Most mental and many neurological disorders have a compiled multifaceted nature, which may be the reason why this endeavor has hitherto not been very successful. This is also true for tardive dyskinesia (TD), an involuntary movement complication of long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs. The observed associations of specific gene variants with the prevalence and severity of a disorder can also be applied to try to elucidate the pathogenesis of the condition. In this paper, this strategy is used by combining pharmacogenetic knowledge with theories on the possible role of a dysfunction of specific cellular elements of neostriatal parts of the (dorsal) extrapyramidal circuits: various glutamatergic terminals, medium spiny neurons, striatal interneurons and ascending monoaminergic fibers. A peculiar finding is that genetic variants which would be expected to increase the neostriatal dopamine concentration are not associated with the prevalence and severity of TD. Moreover, modifying the sensitivity to glutamatergic long-term potentiation (and excitotoxicity) shows a relationship with levodopa-induced dyskinesia, but not with TD. Contrasting this, TD is associated with genetic variants that modify vulnerability to oxidative stress. Reducing the oxidative stress burden of medium spiny neurons may also be the mechanism behind the protective influence of 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. It is probably worthwhile to discriminate between neostriatal matrix and striosomal compartments when studying the mechanism of TD and between orofacial and limb-truncal components in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Jm Loonen
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Hoofdlaan 8, 4661AA Halsteren, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Street, 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russian Federation.,School of Non-Destructive Testing & Security, Division for Control and Diagnostics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Moscowski Trakt, 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
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10
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León-Navarro DA, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Functional Cross-Talk between Adenosine and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:422-437. [PMID: 29663888 PMCID: PMC6520591 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180416093717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: G-protein coupled receptors are transmembrane proteins widely expressed in cells and their transduction pathways are mediated by controlling second messenger levels through different G-protein interactions. Many of these receptors have been described as involved in the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases and even considered as potential targets for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Endogenous and synthetic allosteric and orthosteric selective ligands are able to modulate GPCRs at both gene and protein expression levels and can also modify their physiological function. GPCRs that coexist in the same cells can homo- and heteromerize, therefore, modulating their function. Adenosine receptors are GPCRs which stimulate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity through Gi/Gs protein and are involved in the control of neurotransmitter release as glutamate. In turn, metabotropic glutamate receptors are also GPCRs which inhibit adenylyl cyclase or stimulate phospholipase C activities through Gi or Gq proteins, respectively. In recent years, evidence of crosstalk mechanisms be-tween different GPCRs have been described. The aim of the present review was to summarize the described mechanisms of interaction and crosstalking between adenosine and metabotropic glutamate receptors, mainly of group I, in both in vitro and in vivo systems, and their possible use for the design of novel ligands for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Agustín León-Navarro
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Organica y Bioquimica. CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Luis Albasanz
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Organica y Bioquimica. CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Camino Moledores s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Organica y Bioquimica. CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Camino Moledores s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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11
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Is there a role for prostanoid-mediated inhibition of IL-6 trans-signalling in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension? Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1143-1156. [PMID: 31341036 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been highlighted as a key factor in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) development, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 activates JAK-STAT signalling to induce transcription of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic genes, enabling PAH progression, as well as the transcription of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) which limits IL-6 signalling. Current PAH therapies include prostanoid drugs which induce vasodilation via stimulating intracellular 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. cAMP can also inhibit IL-6-mediated endothelial dysfunction via the induction of SOCS3. Thus, we propose that an important mechanism by which cAMP-mobilising prostanoid drugs limit PAH is by inhibiting IL-6-mediated pulmonary inflammation and remodelling via SOCS3 inhibition of IL-6 signalling. Further clarification may result in effective strategies with which to target the IL-6/JAK-STAT signalling pathway in PAH.
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12
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Corradi V, Sejdiu BI, Mesa-Galloso H, Abdizadeh H, Noskov SY, Marrink SJ, Tieleman DP. Emerging Diversity in Lipid-Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5775-5848. [PMID: 30758191 PMCID: PMC6509647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated and well-regulated protein functions. Experimental and computational advances are converging in a rapidly expanding research area of lipid-protein interactions. Experimentally, the database of high-resolution membrane protein structures is growing, as are capabilities to identify the complex lipid composition of different membranes, to probe the challenging time and length scales of lipid-protein interactions, and to link lipid-protein interactions to protein function in a variety of proteins. Computationally, more accurate membrane models and more powerful computers now enable a detailed look at lipid-protein interactions and increasing overlap with experimental observations for validation and joint interpretation of simulation and experiment. Here we review papers that use computational approaches to study detailed lipid-protein interactions, together with brief experimental and physiological contexts, aiming at comprehensive coverage of simulation papers in the last five years. Overall, a complex picture of lipid-protein interactions emerges, through a range of mechanisms including modulation of the physical properties of the lipid environment, detailed chemical interactions between lipids and proteins, and key functional roles of very specific lipids binding to well-defined binding sites on proteins. Computationally, despite important limitations, molecular dynamics simulations with current computer power and theoretical models are now in an excellent position to answer detailed questions about lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corradi
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Besian I. Sejdiu
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haydee Mesa-Galloso
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haleh Abdizadeh
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergei Yu. Noskov
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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13
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Novel fluorescent triazinobenzimidazole derivatives as probes for labelling human A 1 and A 2B adenosine receptor subtypes. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5885-5895. [PMID: 30415894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The expression levels and the subcellular localization of adenosine receptors (ARs) are affected in several pathological conditions as a consequence of changes in adenosine release and metabolism. In this respect, labelled probes able to monitor the AR expression could be a useful tool to investigate different pathological conditions. Herein, novel ligands for ARs, bearing the fluorescent 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) group linked to the N1 (1,2) or N10 (3,4) nitrogen of a triazinobenzimidazole scaffold, were synthesized. The compounds were biologically evaluated as fluorescent probes for labelling A1 and A2B AR subtypes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) that express both receptor subtypes. The binding affinity of the synthetized compounds towards the different AR subtypes was determined. The probe 3 revealed a higher affinity to A1 and A2B ARs, showing interesting spectroscopic properties, and it was selected as the most suitable candidate to label both AR subtypes in undifferentiated MSCs. Fluorescence confocal microscopy showed that compound 3 significantly labelled ARs on cell membranes and the fluorescence signal was decreased by the cell pre-incubation with the A1 AR and A2B AR selective agonists, R-PIA and BAY 60-6583, respectively, thus confirming the specificity of the obtained signal. In conclusion, compound 3 could represent a useful tool to investigate the expression pattern of both A1 and A2B ARs in different pathological and physiological processes. Furthermore, these results provide an important basis for the design of new and more selective derivatives able to monitor the expression and localization of each different ARs in several tissues and living cells.
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14
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Prosser RS, Ye L, Pandey A, Orazietti A. Activation processes in ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors: A case study of the adenosine A 2A receptor. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28787091 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review concepts related to an ensemble description of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The ensemble is characterized by both inactive and active states, whose equilibrium populations and exchange rates depend sensitively on ligand, environment, and allosteric factors. This review focuses on the adenosine A2 receptor (A2A R), a prototypical class A GPCR. 19 F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies show that apo A2A R is characterized by a broad ensemble of conformers, spanning inactive to active states, and resembling states defined earlier for rhodopsin. In keeping with ideas associated with a conformational selection mechanism, addition of agonist serves to allosterically restrict the overall degrees of freedom at the G protein binding interface and bias both states and functional dynamics to facilitate G protein binding and subsequent activation. While the ligand does not necessarily "induce" activation, it does bias sampling of states, increase the cooperativity of the activation process and thus, the lifetimes of functional activation intermediates, while restricting conformational dynamics to that needed for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Libin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Aditya Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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15
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Identifying novel members of the Wntless interactome through genetic and candidate gene approaches. Brain Res Bull 2017; 138:96-105. [PMID: 28734904 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important pathway that regulates several aspects of embryogenesis, stem cell maintenance, and neural connectivity. We have recently determined that opioids decrease Wnt secretion, presumably by inhibiting the recycling of the Wnt trafficking protein Wntless (Wls). This effect appears to be mediated by protein-protein interaction between Wls and the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), the primary cellular target of opioid drugs. The goal of this study was to identify novel protein interactors of Wls that are expressed in the brain and may also play a role in reward or addiction. Using genetic and candidate gene approaches, we show that among a variety of protein, Wls interacts with the dopamine transporter (target of cocaine), cannabinoid receptors (target of THC), Adenosine A2A receptor (target of caffeine), and SGIP1 (endocytic regulator of cannabinoid receptors). Our study shows that aside from opioid receptors, Wntless interacts with additional proteins involved in reward and/or addiction. Future studies will determine whether Wntless and WNT signaling play a more universal role in these processes.
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16
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Guinzberg R, Díaz-Cruz A, Acosta-Trujillo C, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H, Lozano-Flores C, Chiquete-Felix N, Varela-Echavarría A, Uribe-Carvajal S, Riveros-Rosas H, Piña E. Newly synthesized cAMP is integrated at a membrane protein complex signalosome to ensure receptor response specificity. FEBS J 2016; 284:258-276. [PMID: 27865066 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP within the cell is required to achieve receptor-specific responses. The mechanism through which the cell selects a specific response to newly synthesized cAMP is not fully understood. In hepatocyte plasma membranes, we identified two functional and independent cAMP-responsive signaling protein macrocomplexes that produce, use, degrade, and regulate their own nondiffusible (sequestered) cAMP pool to achieve their specific responses. Each complex responds to the stimulation of an adenosine G protein-coupled receptor (Ado-GPCR), bound to either A2A or A2B , but not simultaneously to both. Each isoprotein involved in each signaling cascade was identified by measuring changes in cAMP levels after receptor activation, and its participation was confirmed by antibody-mediated inactivation. A2A -Ado-GPCR selective stimulation activates adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6), which is bound to AKAP79/150, to synthesize cAMP which is used by two other AKAP79/150-tethered proteins: protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). In contrast, A2B -Ado-GPCR stimulation activates D-AKAP2-attached AC5 to generate cAMP, which is channeled to two other D-AKAP2-tethered proteins: guanine-nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Epac2) and PDE3B. In both cases, prior activation of PKA or Epac2 with selective cAMP analogs prevents de novo cAMP synthesis. In addition, we show that cAMP does not diffuse between these protein macrocomplexes or 'signalosomes'. Evidence of coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization of some proteins belonging to each signalosome is presented. Each signalosome constitutes a minimal functional signaling unit with its own machinery to synthesize and regulate a sequestered cAMP pool. Thus, each signalosome is devoted to ensure the transmission of a unique and unequivocal message through the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guinzberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Díaz-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Acosta-Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lozano-Flores
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Felix
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Piña
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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17
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Hothersall JD, Guo D, Sarda S, Sheppard RJ, Chen H, Keur W, Waring MJ, IJzerman AP, Hill SJ, Dale IL, Rawlins PB. Structure-Activity Relationships of the Sustained Effects of Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists Driven by Slow Dissociation Kinetics. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:25-38. [PMID: 27803241 PMCID: PMC5198511 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The duration of action of adenosine A2A receptor (A2A) agonists is critical for their clinical efficacy, and we sought to better understand how this can be optimized. The in vitro temporal response profiles of a panel of A2A agonists were studied using cAMP assays in recombinantly (CHO) and endogenously (SH-SY5Y) expressing cells. Some agonists (e.g., 3cd; UK-432,097) but not others (e.g., 3ac; CGS-21680) demonstrated sustained wash-resistant agonism, where residual receptor activation continued after washout. The ability of an antagonist to reverse pre-established agonist responses was used as a surrogate read-out for agonist dissociation kinetics, and together with radioligand binding studies suggested a role for slow off-rate in driving sustained effects. One compound, 3ch, showed particularly marked sustained effects, with a reversal t1/2 > 6 hours and close to maximal effects that remained for at least 5 hours after washing. Based on the structure-activity relationship of these compounds, we suggest that lipophilic N6 and bulky C2 substituents can promote stable and long-lived binding events leading to sustained agonist responses, although a high compound logD is not necessary. This provides new insight into the binding interactions of these ligands and we anticipate that this information could facilitate the rational design of novel long-acting A2A agonists with improved clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Hothersall
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Dong Guo
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Sunil Sarda
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Robert J Sheppard
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Hongming Chen
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Wesley Keur
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Michael J Waring
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Stephen J Hill
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Ian L Dale
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
| | - Philip B Rawlins
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (J.D.H., S.S.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.J.S.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Mölndal, Sweden (H.C.); AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, United Kingdom (I.L.D., P.B.R.); AstraZeneca, Oncology, Alderley Park, United Kingdom (M.J.W.); Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Netherlands (D.G., W.K., A.P.I.J.); and University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom (S.J.H.)
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18
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Gahbauer S, Böckmann RA. Membrane-Mediated Oligomerization of G Protein Coupled Receptors and Its Implications for GPCR Function. Front Physiol 2016; 7:494. [PMID: 27826255 PMCID: PMC5078798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimerization or even oligomerization of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) causes ongoing, controversial debates about its functional role and the coupled biophysical, biochemical or biomedical implications. A continously growing number of studies hints to a relation between oligomerization and function of GPCRs and strengthens the assumption that receptor assembly plays a key role in the regulation of protein function. Additionally, progress in the structural analysis of GPCR-G protein and GPCR-ligand interactions allows to distinguish between actively functional and non-signaling complexes. Recent findings further suggest that the surrounding membrane, i.e., its lipid composition may modulate the preferred dimerization interface and as a result the abundance of distinct dimeric conformations. In this review, the association of GPCRs and the role of the membrane in oligomerization will be discussed. An overview of the different reported oligomeric interfaces is provided and their capability for signaling discussed. The currently available data is summarized with regard to the formation of GPCR oligomers, their structures and dependency on the membrane microenvironment as well as the coupling of oligomerization to receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer A. Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
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19
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Cunha RA. How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2016; 139:1019-1055. [PMID: 27365148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain. The activity-dependent release of adenosine acts as a brake of excitatory transmission through A1 R, which are enriched in glutamatergic terminals. Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the 'activated' synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the 'activated' synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change. Brain insults trigger a large outflow of adenosine and ATP, as a danger signal. A1 R are a hurdle for damage initiation, but they desensitize upon prolonged activation. However, if the insult is near-threshold and/or of short-duration, A1 R trigger preconditioning, which may limit the spread of damage. Brain insults also up-regulate A2A R, probably to bolster adaptive changes, but this heightens brain damage since A2A R blockade affords neuroprotection in models of epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. This initially involves a control of synaptotoxicity by neuronal A2A R, whereas astrocytic and microglia A2A R might control the spread of damage. The A2A R signaling mechanisms are largely unknown since A2A R are pleiotropic, coupling to different G proteins and non-canonical pathways to control the viability of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, mitochondria function, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, simultaneously bolstering A1 R preconditioning and preventing excessive A2A R function might afford maximal neuroprotection. The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses. Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R). Maximal neuroprotection is expected to result from a combined A2A R blockade and increased A1 R activation. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Viana da Silva S, Haberl MG, Zhang P, Bethge P, Lemos C, Gonçalves N, Gorlewicz A, Malezieux M, Gonçalves FQ, Grosjean N, Blanchet C, Frick A, Nägerl UV, Cunha RA, Mulle C. Early synaptic deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease involve neuronal adenosine A2A receptors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11915. [PMID: 27312972 PMCID: PMC4915032 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the autoassociative network of recurrent connections among hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells is thought to enable the storage of episodic memory. Impaired episodic memory is an early manifestation of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD amyloidosis, we show that associative long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) is abolished in CA3 pyramidal cells at an early stage. This is caused by activation of upregulated neuronal adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) rather than by dysregulation of NMDAR signalling or altered dendritic spine morphology. Neutralization of A2AR by acute pharmacological inhibition, or downregulation driven by shRNA interference in a single postsynaptic neuron restore associative CA3 LTP. Accordingly, treatment with A2AR antagonists reverts one-trial memory deficits. These results provide mechanistic support to encourage testing the therapeutic efficacy of A2AR antagonists in early AD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- Dendritic Spines/drug effects
- Dendritic Spines/metabolism
- Dendritic Spines/ultrastructure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Long-Term Potentiation
- Memory, Episodic
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Presenilin-1/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/ultrastructure
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Viana da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- BEB PhD program CNC Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Pei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipp Bethge
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adam Gorlewicz
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Meryl Malezieux
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francisco Q. Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Noëlle Grosjean
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Blanchet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Andreas Frick
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Interaction of G protein coupled receptors and cholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:61-73. [PMID: 27108066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest receptor superfamily in eukaryotic cells. Owing to their seven transmembrane helices, large parts of these proteins are embedded in the cholesterol-rich plasma membrane bilayer. Thus, GPCRs are always in proximity to cholesterol. Some of them are functionally dependent on the specific presence of cholesterol. Over the last years, enormous progress on receptor structures has been achieved. While lipophilic ligands other than cholesterol have been shown to bind either inside the helix bundle or at the receptor-lipid interface, the binding site of cholesterol was either a single transmembrane helix or a groove between two or more transmembrane helices. A clear preference for one of the two membrane leaflets has not been observed. Not surprisingly, many hydrophobic residues (primarily leucine and isoleucine) were found to be involved in cholesterol binding. In most cases, the rough β-face of cholesterol contacted the transmembrane helix bundle rather than the surrounding lipid matrix. The polar hydroxy group of cholesterol was localized near the water-membrane interface with potential hydrogen bonding to residues in receptor loop regions. Although a canonical motif, designated as CCM site, was detected as a specific cholesterol binding site in case of the β2AR, this site was not found to be occupied by cholesterol in other GPCRs possessing the same motif. Cholesterol-receptor interactions can increase the compactness of the receptor structure and are able to enhance the conformational stability towards active or inactive receptor states. Overall, all current data suggest a high plasticity of cholesterol interaction sites in GPCRs.
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Frizzled-4 C-terminus Distal to KTXXXW Motif is Essential for Normal Dishevelled Recruitment and Norrin-stimulated Activation of Lef/Tcf-dependent Transcriptional Activation. J Mol Signal 2016; 11:1. [PMID: 27096005 PMCID: PMC4834752 DOI: 10.5334/1750-2187-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy (C)-termini of G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) dictate essential functions. The KTXXXW motif C-terminus of Frizzleds (FZD) has been implicated in recruitment of Dishevelled (DVL). Through study of FZD4 and its associated ligand Norrin, we report that a minimum of three residues distal to the KTXXXW motif in the C-terminal tail of Frizzled-4 are essential for DVL recruitment and robust Lef/Tcf-dependent transcriptional activation in response to Norrin.
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Human adenosine A2A receptor binds calmodulin with high affinity in a calcium-dependent manner. Biophys J 2015; 108:903-917. [PMID: 25692595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how ligands bind to G-protein-coupled receptors and how binding changes receptor structure to affect signaling is critical for developing a complete picture of the signal transduction process. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a particularly interesting example, as it has an exceptionally long intracellular carboxyl terminus, which is predicted to be mainly disordered. Experimental data on the structure of the A2AR C-terminus is lacking, because published structures of A2AR do not include the C-terminus. Calmodulin has been reported to bind to the A2AR C-terminus, with a possible binding site on helix 8, next to the membrane. The biological meaning of the interaction as well as its calcium dependence, thermodynamic parameters, and organization of the proteins in the complex are unclear. Here, we characterized the structure of the A2AR C-terminus and the A2AR C-terminus-calmodulin complex using different biophysical methods, including native gel and analytical gel filtration, isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. We found that the C-terminus is disordered and flexible, and it binds with high affinity (Kd = 98 nM) to calmodulin without major conformational changes in the domain. Calmodulin binds to helix 8 of the A2AR in a calcium-dependent manner that can displace binding of A2AR to lipid vesicles. We also predicted and classified putative calmodulin-binding sites in a larger group of G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Pagnussat N, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Nunes F, Chenet GC, Botton PHS, Mioranzza S, Loss CM, Cunha RA, Porciúncula LO. Adenosine A(2A) receptors are necessary and sufficient to trigger memory impairment in adult mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3831-45. [PMID: 25939452 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) prevents memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease, an effect mimicked by adenosine A2 A receptor, but not A1 receptor, antagonists. Hence, we investigated the effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on memory performance and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined whether A2 A receptors are necessary for the emergence of memory impairments induced by scopolamine and whether A2 A receptor activation triggers memory deficits in naïve mice, using three tests to assess short-term memory, namely the object recognition task, inhibitory avoidance and modified Y-maze. KEY RESULTS Scopolamine (1.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) impaired short-term memory performance in all three tests and this scopolamine-induced amnesia was prevented by the A2 A receptor antagonist (SCH 58261, 0.1-1.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) and by the A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX, 0.2-5.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.), except in the modified Y-maze where only SCH58261 was effective. Both antagonists were devoid of effects on memory or locomotion in naïve rats. Notably, the activation of A2 A receptors with CGS 21680 (0.1-0.5 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) before the training session was sufficient to trigger memory impairment in the three tests in naïve mice, and this effect was prevented by SCH 58261 (1.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.). Furthermore, i.c.v. administration of CGS 21680 (50 nmol) also impaired recognition memory in the object recognition task. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that A2 A receptors are necessary and sufficient to trigger memory impairment and further suggest that A1 receptors might also be selectively engaged to control the cholinergic-driven memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pagnussat
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A S Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D M Marques
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Nunes
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G C Chenet
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P H S Botton
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Mioranzza
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C M Loss
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Caffeine acts through neuronal adenosine A2A receptors to prevent mood and memory dysfunction triggered by chronic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7833-8. [PMID: 26056314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423088112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of caffeine (an adenosine receptor antagonist) correlates inversely with depression and memory deterioration, and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists emerge as candidate therapeutic targets because they control aberrant synaptic plasticity and afford neuroprotection. Therefore we tested the ability of A2AR to control the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical modifications caused by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), which alters hippocampal circuits, dampens mood and memory performance, and enhances susceptibility to depression. CUS for 3 wk in adult mice induced anxiogenic and helpless-like behavior and decreased memory performance. These behavioral changes were accompanied by synaptic alterations, typified by a decrease in synaptic plasticity and a reduced density of synaptic proteins (synaptosomal-associated protein 25, syntaxin, and vesicular glutamate transporter type 1), together with an increased density of A2AR in glutamatergic terminals in the hippocampus. Except for anxiety, for which results were mixed, CUS-induced behavioral and synaptic alterations were prevented by (i) caffeine (1 g/L in the drinking water, starting 3 wk before and continued throughout CUS); (ii) the selective A2AR antagonist KW6002 (3 mg/kg, p.o.); (iii) global A2AR deletion; and (iv) selective A2AR deletion in forebrain neurons. Notably, A2AR blockade was not only prophylactic but also therapeutically efficacious, because a 3-wk treatment with the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the mood and synaptic dysfunction caused by CUS. These results herald a key role for synaptic A2AR in the control of chronic stress-induced modifications and suggest A2AR as candidate targets to alleviate the consequences of chronic stress on brain function.
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26
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Chen JF, Lee CF, Chern Y. Adenosine receptor neurobiology: overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 119:1-49. [PMID: 25175959 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that is distributed ubiquitously throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. In the brain, adenosine functions as an important upstream neuromodulator of a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways. By acting through four G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine contributes critically to homeostasis and neuromodulatory control of a variety of normal and abnormal brain functions, ranging from synaptic plasticity, to cognition, to sleep, to motor activity to neuroinflammation, and cell death. This review begun with an overview of the gene and genome structure and the expression pattern of adenosine receptors (ARs). We feature several new developments over the past decade in our understanding of AR functions in the brain, with special focus on the identification and characterization of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways of ARs. We provide an update on functional insights from complementary genetic-knockout and pharmacological studies on the AR control of various brain functions. We also highlight several novel and recent developments of AR neurobiology, including (i) recent breakthrough in high resolution of three-dimension structure of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in several functional status, (ii) receptor-receptor heterodimerization, (iii) AR function in glial cells, and (iv) the druggability of AR. We concluded the review with the contention that these new developments extend and strengthen the support for A1 and A2ARs in brain as therapeutic targets for neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chien-fei Lee
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ortiz R, Ulrich H, Zarate CA, Machado-Vieira R. Purinergic system dysfunction in mood disorders: a key target for developing improved therapeutics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:117-31. [PMID: 25445063 PMCID: PMC4262688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid and purines (such as adenosine) regulate mood, sleep, activity, appetite, cognition, memory, convulsive threshold, social interaction, drive, and impulsivity. A link between purinergic dysfunction and mood disorders was first proposed a century ago. Interestingly, a recent nationwide population-based study showed elevated risk of gout in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and a recent meta-analysis and systematic review of placebo-controlled trials of adjuvant purinergic modulators confirmed their benefits in bipolar mania. Uric acid may modulate energy and activity levels, with higher levels associated with higher energy and BD spectrum. Several recent genetic studies suggest that the purinergic system - particularly the modulation of P1 and P2 receptor subtypes - plays a role in mood disorders, lending credence to this model. Nucleotide concentrations can be measured using brain spectroscopy, and ligands for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of adenosine (P1) receptors have been developed, thus allowing potential target engagement studies. This review discusses the key role of the purinergic system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Focusing on this promising therapeutic target may lead to the development of therapies with antidepressant, mood stabilization, and cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ortiz
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departament of Biochemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM27, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Pang XQ, Liu JY. GPCR A2AAR Agonist Binding and Induced Conformation Changes of Functional Switches. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/27/01/29-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Thurner P, Gsandtner I, Kudlacek O, Choquet D, Nanoff C, Freissmuth M, Zezula J. A two-state model for the diffusion of the A2A adenosine receptor in hippocampal neurons: agonist-induced switch to slow mobility is modified by synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9263-74. [PMID: 24509856 PMCID: PMC3979375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2A receptor is a class A/rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor. Coupling to its cognate protein, Gs, occurs via restricted collision coupling and is contingent on the presence of cholesterol. Agonist activation slows diffusion of the A2A adenosine receptor in the lipid bilayer. We explored the contribution of the hydrophobic core and of the extended C terminus by examining diffusion of quantum dot-labeled receptor variants in dissociated hippocampal neurons. Single particle tracking of the A2A receptor(1–311), which lacks the last 101 residues, revealed that agonist-induced confinement was abolished and that the agonist-induced decrease in diffusivity was reduced substantially. A fragment comprising the SH3 domain and the guanylate kinase domain of synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) was identified as a candidate interactor that bound to the A2A receptor C terminus. Complex formation between the A2A receptor and SAP102 was verified by coimmunoprecipitation and by tracking its impact on receptor diffusion. An analysis of all trajectories by a hidden Markov model was consistent with two diffusion states where agonist activation reduced the transition between the two states and, thus, promoted the accumulation of the A2A receptor in the compartment with slow mobility. Overexpression of SAP102 precluded the access of the A2A receptor to a compartment with restricted mobility. In contrast, a mutated A2A receptor (with 383DVELL387 replaced by RVRAA) was insensitive to the action of SAP102. These observations show that the hydrophobic core per se does not fully account for the agonist-promoted change in mobility of the A2A receptor. The extended carboxyl terminus allows for regulatory input by scaffolding molecules such as SAP102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Thurner
- From the Institute for Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria and
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Antagonistic interaction between adenosine A2A receptors and Na+/K+-ATPase-α2 controlling glutamate uptake in astrocytes. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18492-502. [PMID: 24259572 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1828-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-I) is critical to control the bulk of glutamate uptake and, thus, to regulate synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. GLT-I glutamate uptake is driven by the sodium gradient implemented by Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases (NKAs) and the α2 subunit of NKA (NKA-α2) is actually linked to GLT-I to regulate astrocytic glutamate transport. We recently found that adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which control synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration, regulate glutamate uptake through unknown mechanisms. Here we report that A2AR activation decreases NKA activity selectively in astrocytes to inhibit glutamate uptake. Furthermore, we found a physical association of A2ARs with NKA-α2s in astrocytes, as gauged by coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assays, in the cerebral cortex and striatum, two brain regions where A2ARs inhibit the astrocytic glutamate uptake. Moreover, the selective deletion of A2ARs in astrocytes (using Gfa2-A2AR-KO mice) leads to a concurrent increase of both astrocytic glutamate uptake and NKA-α2 levels and activity in the striatum and cortex. This coupling of astrocytic A2ARs to the regulation of glutamate transport through modulation of NKA-α2 activity provides a novel mechanism linking neuronal activity to ion homeostasis controlling glutamatergic activity, all of which are processes intricately associated with the etiology of several brain diseases.
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31
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Sánchez N, Coura R, Engmann O, Marion-Poll L, Longueville S, Hervé D, Andrés ME, Girault JA. Haloperidol-induced Nur77 expression in striatopallidal neurons is under the control of protein phosphatase 1 regulation by DARPP-32. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:559-66. [PMID: 24440754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Impaired dopaminergic signaling in the striatum is involved in diseases as diverse as Parkinson's disease, addiction, and schizophrenia. An important pathophysiological aspect is the loss of balance between striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways. Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor and dopamine-regulated immediate-early gene. Classical antipsychotic drugs widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, such as haloperidol, increase Nur77 mRNA expression in the striatum. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways involved in Nur77 induction. Here, using pharmacological approaches and transgenic mutant mice, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of Nur77 protein expression in the dorsal striatum after haloperidol injection. In drd1a::EGFP transgenic mice that express GFP in D1 neurons, Nur77 up-regulation induced by haloperidol occurred predominantly in GFP-negative neurons. In Gαolf heterozygous mutant mice, in which cAMP production in response to A2A stimulation is impaired in the striatum, haloperidol effect was not altered. In contrast, in DARPP-32 knock-in mutant mice bearing a T34A point mutation of the site responsible for cAMP-dependent phosphatase 1 inhibition, Nur77 up-regulation by haloperidol was prevented. Haloperidol also induced Nur77 protein in D2 neurons of the nucleus accumbens core of wild type but not T34A knock-in mice. Thus, our results show that expression of Nur77 is induced by haloperidol in D2 receptors-expressing medium-sized spiny neurons, through cAMP-dependent regulation of protein phosphatase 1, which is likely to modulate the effects of other protein kinases. Our results clarify the mechanisms of Nur77 induction by antipsychotic and its possible contribution to extrapyramidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Millennium Nucleus in Stress and Addiction (NEDA), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Renata Coura
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Marion-Poll
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Longueville
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - María E Andrés
- Millennium Nucleus in Stress and Addiction (NEDA), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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Yeagle PL. Non-covalent binding of membrane lipids to membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:1548-59. [PMID: 24269542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polar lipids and membrane proteins are major components of biological membranes, both cell membranes and membranes of enveloped viruses. How these two classes of membrane components interact with each other to influence the function of biological membranes is a fundamental question that has attracted intense interest since the origins of the field of membrane studies. One of the most powerful ideas that driven the field is the likelihood that lipids bind to membrane proteins at specific sites, modulating protein structure and function. However only relatively recently has high resolution structure determination of membrane proteins progressed to the point of providing atomic level structure of lipid binding sites on membrane proteins. Analysis of X-ray diffraction, electron crystallography and NMR data over 100 specific lipid binding sites on membrane proteins. These data demonstrate tight lipid binding of both phospholipids and cholesterol to membrane proteins. Membrane lipids bind to membrane proteins by their headgroups, or by their acyl chains, or binding is mediated by the entire lipid molecule. When headgroups bind, binding is stabilized by polar interactions between lipid headgroups and the protein. When acyl chains bind, van der Waals effects dominate as the acyl chains adopt conformations that complement particular sites on the rough protein surface. No generally applicable motifs for binding have yet emerged. Previously published biochemical and biophysical data link this binding with function. This Article is Part of a Special Issue Entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Yeagle
- Rutgers University Newark, 325 Hill Hall, 360 MLK Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102-1801, USA.
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Dalet FGE, Guadalupe TFJ, María del Carmen CH, Humberto GAC, Antonio SUM. Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2290-302. [PMID: 25206539 PMCID: PMC4146033 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selectivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and orthosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer's disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopamine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric rinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farfán-García Eunice Dalet
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Trujillo-Ferrara José Guadalupe
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Hernández María del Carmen
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Araiza Christian Humberto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio, Professor/Researcher, Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico, , (N201304028)
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Pang X, Yang M, Han K. Antagonist binding and induced conformational dynamics of GPCR A2A
adenosine receptor. Proteins 2013; 81:1399-410. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
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Zhu Y, Liu L, Peng X, Ding X, Yang G, Li T. Role of adenosine A2A receptor in organ-specific vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats. J Surg Res 2013; 184:951-8. [PMID: 23587453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated differences among organs in terms of shock-induced vascular reactivity and a role for adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the contributions of A2ARs to organ-specific vascular reactivity and the protection of vascular responsiveness following shock are currently unknown. METHODS We investigated the role of A2ARs in different arteries, including the left femoral artery (LFA), thoracic aorta (TA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA), right renal artery (RRA), pulmonary artery (PA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA), in hemorrhagic-shock rats. RESULTS The vascular reactivities of the LFA, SMA, RRA, and MCA increased slightly during early shock and then gradually decreased, whereas those of the PA and TA decreased from the start of shock. Different blood vessels lost vascular reactivity at different rates compared with controls; the LFA had the highest rate of loss (64.51%), followed by the SMA (44.69%), TA (36.06%), PA (37.83%), and RRA (32.33%), whereas the MCA had the lowest rate (18.45%). The rate of loss of vascular reactivity in the different vessels was negatively correlated with A2AR expression levels in normal and shock conditions. The highly selective A2AR agonist CGS 21680 significantly improved vascular reactivity, hemodynamic parameters, and animal survival, whereas the specific antagonist SCH58261 further decreased the shock-induced reduction in vascular reactivity and hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS A2ARs are involved in the regulation and protection of vascular reactivity following shock. A2AR activation may have a beneficial effect on hemorrhagic shock by improving vascular reactivity and hemodynamic parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Female
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/physiology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiology
- Middle Cerebral Artery/drug effects
- Middle Cerebral Artery/physiology
- Models, Animal
- Phenethylamines/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/physiology
- Renal Artery/drug effects
- Renal Artery/physiology
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/mortality
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology
- Survival Rate
- Triazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Crema LM, Pettenuzzo LF, Schlabitz M, Diehl L, Hoppe J, Mestriner R, Laureano D, Salbego C, Dalmaz C, Vendite D. The effect of unpredictable chronic mild stress on depressive-like behavior and on hippocampal A1 and striatal A2A adenosine receptors. Physiol Behav 2013; 109:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Flögel U, Burghoff S, van Lent PLEM, Temme S, Galbarz L, Ding Z, El-Tayeb A, Huels S, Bönner F, Borg N, Jacoby C, Müller CE, van den Berg WB, Schrader J. Selective activation of adenosine A2A receptors on immune cells by a CD73-dependent prodrug suppresses joint inflammation in experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:146ra108. [PMID: 22875828 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) agonists are both highly effective anti-inflammatory agents and potent vasodilators. To separate these two activities, we have synthesized phosphorylated A(2A)R agonists (prodrugs) that require the presence of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to become activated. In the model of collagen-induced arthritis, 2-(cyclohexylethylthio)adenosine 5'-monophosphate (chet-AMP), but not 2-(cyclohexylethylthio)adenosine (chet-adenosine), potently reduced inflammation as assessed by fluorine-19 ((19)F) magnetic resonance imaging and by histology. The prodrug effect was blunted by inhibition of CD73 and A(2A)R. The selectivity of drug action is due to profound up-regulation of CD73 and adenosine A(2A)R expression in neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes as found in recovered cells from the synovial fluid of arthritic mice. Plasma chet-adenosine was in the subnanomolar range when chet-AMP was applied, whereas concentrations required for vasodilation were about 100 times higher. Thus, chet-AMP is a potent immunosuppressant with negligible vasodilatory activity. These data suggest that phosphorylated A(2A)R agonists may serve as a promising new group of drugs for targeted immunotherapy of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Keuerleber S, Thurner P, Gruber CW, Zezula J, Freissmuth M. Reengineering the collision coupling and diffusion mode of the A2A-adenosine receptor: palmitoylation in helix 8 relieves confinement. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42104-18. [PMID: 23071116 PMCID: PMC3516756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.393579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The A(2A)-adenosine receptor undergoes restricted collision coupling with its cognate G protein G(s) and lacks a palmitoylation site at the end of helix 8 in its intracellular C terminus. We explored the hypothesis that there was a causal link between the absence of a palmitoyl moiety and restricted collision coupling by introducing a palmitoylation site. The resulting mutant A(2A)-R309C receptor underwent palmitoylation as verified by both mass spectrometry and metabolic labeling. In contrast to the wild type A(2A) receptor, the concentration-response curve for agonist-induced cAMP accumulation was shifted to the left with increasing expression levels of A(2A)-R309C receptor, an observation consistent with collision coupling. Single particle tracking of quantum dot-labeled receptors confirmed that wild type and mutant A(2A) receptor differed in diffusivity and diffusion mode; agonist activation resulted in a decline in mean square displacement of both receptors, but the drop was substantially more pronounced for the wild type receptor. In addition, in the agonist-bound state, the wild type receptor was frequently subject to confinement events (estimated radius 110 nm). These were rarely seen with the palmitoylated A(2A)-R309C receptor, the preferred diffusion mode of which was a random walk in both the basal and the agonist-activated state. Taken together, the observations link restricted collision coupling to diffusion limits imposed by the absence of a palmitoyl moiety in the C terminus of the A(2A) receptor. The experiments allowed for visualizing local confinement of an agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptor in an area consistent with the dimensions of a lipid raft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keuerleber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Mantell S, Jones R, Trevethick M. Design and application of locally delivered agonists of the adenosine A(2A) receptor. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:55-72. [PMID: 22111533 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The broad spectrum anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists are well described. The wide distribution of this receptor, however, suggests that the therapeutic potential of these agents is likely to reside in topical treatments to avoid systemic side effects associated with oral administration. Adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists have been assessed as topical agents: GW328267X (GSK; allergic rhinitis and asthma), UK-432097 (Pfizer; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) and Sonedenoson (MRE0094, King Pharmaceuticals; wound healing). All trials failed to achieve effects against the desired clinical end points. This broad-based review will discuss general principles of chemical design of topically applied agents and potential therapeutic topical applications of current adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists. Potential factors contributing to the lack of efficacy in the above clinical trials will be discussed together with design principles, which may influence efficacy in disease states. Our analysis suggests that adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists have a wide therapeutic potential as topical agents in a wide variety of diseases, such as neutrophil-dependent lung diseases (acute lung injury, exacerbations in asthma and COPD), allergic rhinitis, glaucoma and wound repair. Factors that will influence topical activity include formulation, tissue retention, compound potency, receptor kinetics and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mantell
- PC 675, Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Loch CM, Strickler JE. A microarray of ubiquitylated proteins for profiling deubiquitylase activity reveals the critical roles of both chain and substrate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:2069-78. [PMID: 22626734 PMCID: PMC7113913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Substrate ubiquitylation is a reversible process critical to cellular homeostasis that is often dysregulated in many human pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration. Elucidating the mechanistic details of this pathway could unlock a large store of information useful to the design of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Proteomic approaches to the questions at hand have generally utilized mass spectrometry (MS), which has been successful in identifying both ubiquitylation substrates and profiling pan-cellular chain linkages, but is generally unable to connect the two. Interacting partners of the deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) have also been reported by MS, although substrates of catalytically competent DUBs generally cannot be. Where they have been used towards the study of ubiquitylation, protein microarrays have usually functioned as platforms for the identification of substrates for specific E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we report on the first use of protein microarrays to identify substrates of DUBs, and in so doing demonstrate the first example of microarray proteomics involving multiple (i.e., distinct, sequential and opposing) enzymatic activities. This technique demonstrates the selectivity of DUBs for both substrate and type (mono- versus poly-) of ubiquitylation. This work shows that the vast majority of DUBs are monoubiquitylated in vitro, and are incapable of removing this modification from themselves. This work also underscores the critical role of utilizing both ubiquitin chains and substrates when attempting to characterize DUBs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin Drug Discovery and Diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Loch
- Division of Research & Development, LifeSensors, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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41
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Ivanova SA, Al Hadithy AFY, Brazovskaya N, Semke A, Wilffert B, Fedorenko O, Brouwers JRBJ, Loonen AJM. No involvement of the adenosine A2A receptor in tardive dyskinesia in Russian psychiatric inpatients from Siberia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:334-7. [PMID: 22585593 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenosine A2A receptor forms a heteromeric complex with the striatal dopamine D2 receptor. We examined whether a specific polymorphism in adenosine A2A receptor (2592 C/Tins) is associated with tardive dyskinesia. METHODS Tardive dyskinesia was assessed cross-sectionally in 146 Caucasian psychiatric inpatients from Siberia. RESULTS Between-group comparisons of genotypic or allelic frequencies showed no statistically significant difference. Logistic regression analysis with the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia as dependent variable showed no significant association with age, duration of illness, gender, and genotype. CONCLUSION The interaction between the A2A and D2 receptors seems not involved in the development of tardive dyskinesia.
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Lack of association between translin-associated factor X gene (TSNAX) and methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1618-22. [PMID: 21683752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, we detected that the prokineticin 2 receptor gene was associated with not only major depressive disorder (MDD) but also methamphetamine dependence. Therefore, it is possible that mood disorders and drug addiction have shared susceptibility genes. The translin-associated factor X gene (TSNAX)/disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 gene (DISC1) has been associated with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, MDD and bipolar disorder. TSNAX is located immediately upstream of DISC1 and has been shown to undergo intergenic splicing with DISC1. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that TSNAX might be a good candidate gene for methamphetamine dependence. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of Japanese individuals (215 with methamphetamine dependence and 318 age- and sex-matched controls) with three tagging SNPs (rs1630250, rs766288 and rs6662926) selected by HapMap database. RESULTS rs1630250 was associated in males with methamphetamine dependence in the allele analysis (P-value: 0.0253). However, these results did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple comparisons (corrected P-value: 0.152). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TSNAX does not play a role in methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population. A replication study using larger samples needs to be conducted to obtain conclusive results.
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Abstract
Dopamine is an important regulator of systemic blood pressure via multiple mechanisms. It affects fluid and electrolyte balance by its actions on renal hemodynamics and epithelial ion and water transport and by regulation of hormones and humoral agents. The kidney synthesizes dopamine from circulating or filtered L-DOPA independently from innervation. The major determinants of the renal tubular synthesis/release of dopamine are probably sodium intake and intracellular sodium. Dopamine exerts its actions via two families of cell surface receptors, D1-like receptors comprising D1R and D5R, and D2-like receptors comprising D2R, D3R, and D4R, and by interactions with other G protein-coupled receptors. D1-like receptors are linked to vasodilation, while the effect of D2-like receptors on the vasculature is variable and probably dependent upon the state of nerve activity. Dopamine secreted into the tubular lumen acts mainly via D1-like receptors in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate ion transport in the proximal and distal nephron. These effects are mediated mainly by tubular mechanisms and augmented by hemodynamic mechanisms. The natriuretic effect of D1-like receptors is caused by inhibition of ion transport in the apical and basolateral membranes. D2-like receptors participate in the inhibition of ion transport during conditions of euvolemia and moderate volume expansion. Dopamine also controls ion transport and blood pressure by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory response. Essential hypertension is associated with abnormalities in dopamine production, receptor number, and/or posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Armando
- Children’s National Medical Center—Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Van Anthony M. Villar
- Children’s National Medical Center—Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Children’s National Medical Center—Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Washington, District of Columbia
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44
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Koos BJ. Adenosine A₂a receptors and O₂ sensing in development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R601-22. [PMID: 21677265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00664.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, via activation of adenylate kinase and the resulting exponential rise in the cellular AMP/ATP ratio, appears to be a critical factor underlying O₂ sensing in many chemoreceptive tissues in mammals. The elevated AMP/ATP ratio, in turn, activates key enzymes that are involved in physiologic adjustments that tend to balance ATP supply and demand. An example is the conversion of AMP to adenosine via 5'-nucleotidase and the resulting activation of adenosine A(₂A) receptors, which are involved in acute oxygen sensing by both carotid bodies and the brain. In fetal sheep, A(₂A) receptors associated with carotid bodies trigger hypoxic cardiovascular chemoreflexes, while central A(₂A) receptors mediate hypoxic inhibition of breathing and rapid eye movements. A(₂A) receptors are also involved in hypoxic regulation of fetal endocrine systems, metabolism, and vascular tone. In developing lambs, A(₂A) receptors play virtually no role in O₂ sensing by the carotid bodies, but brain A(₂A) receptors remain critically involved in the roll-off ventilatory response to hypoxia. In adult mammals, A(₂A) receptors have been implicated in O₂ sensing by carotid glomus cells, while central A(₂A) receptors likely blunt hypoxic hyperventilation. In conclusion, A(₂A) receptors are crucially involved in the transduction mechanisms of O₂ sensing in fetal carotid bodies and brains. Postnatally, central A(₂A) receptors remain key mediators of hypoxic respiratory depression, but they are less critical for O₂ sensing in carotid chemoreceptors, particularly in developing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Koos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Shim JY. Understanding functional residues of the cannabinoid CB1. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 10:779-98. [PMID: 20370713 DOI: 10.2174/156802610791164210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor that mediates numerous physiological processes in response to marijuana and other psychoactive compounds is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and shares common structural features with many rhodopsin class GPCRs. For the rational development of therapeutic agents targeting the CB(1) receptor, understanding of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions responsible for unique G protein signals is crucial. For a more than a decade, a combination of mutagenesis and computational modeling approaches has been successfully employed to study the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions. In this review, after a brief discussion about recent advances in understanding of some structural and functional features of GPCRs commonly applicable to the CB(1) receptor, the CB(1) receptor functional residues reported from mutational studies are divided into three different types, ligand binding (B), receptor stabilization (S) and receptor activation (A) residues, to delineate the nature of the binding pockets of anandamide, CP55940, WIN55212-2 and SR141716A and to describe the molecular events of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor activation from ligand binding to G protein signaling. Taken these CB(1) receptor functional residues, some of which are unique to the CB(1) receptor, together with the biophysical knowledge accumulated for the GPCR active state, it is possible to propose the early stages of the CB(1) receptor activation process that not only provide some insights into understanding molecular mechanisms of receptor activation but also are applicable for identifying new therapeutic agents by applying the validated structure-based approaches, such as virtual high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based approach (FBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Youn Shim
- J.L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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By Y, Durand-Gorde JM, Condo J, Lejeune PJ, Fenouillet E, Guieu R, Ruf J. Monoclonal antibody–assisted stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors induces simultaneous downregulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4+ T-cells. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:1073-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Thakur S, Du J, Hourani S, Ledent C, Li JM. Inactivation of adenosine A2A receptor attenuates basal and angiotensin II-induced ROS production by Nox2 in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40104-13. [PMID: 20940302 PMCID: PMC3000993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.184606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) express a Nox2 enzyme, which, by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to EC redox signaling and angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial dysfunction. ECs also express abundantly an adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R), but its role in EC ROS production remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of A(2A)R in the regulation of Nox2 activity and signaling in ECs with or without acute AngII stimulation. In cultured ECs (SVEC4-10), AngII (100 nm, 30 min) significantly increased Nox2 membrane translocation and association with A(2A)R. These were accompanied by p47(phox), ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt phosphorylation and an increased ROS production (169 ± 0.04%). These AngII effects were inhibited back to the control levels by a specific A(2A)R antagonist (SCH58261), or adenosine deaminase, or by knockdown of A(2A)R or Nox2 using specific siRNAs. Knockdown of A(2A)R, as determined by Western blotting, decreased Nox2 and p47(phox) expression. In wild-type mouse aorta, SCH58261 significantly reduced acute AngII-induced ROS production and preserved endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation to acetylcholine. These results were further confirmed by using aortas from A(2A)R knock-out mice. In conclusion, A(2A)R is involved in the regulation of EC ROS production by Nox2. Inhibition or blockade of A(2A)R protects ECs from acute AngII-induced oxidative stress, MAPK activation, and endothelium dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Thakur
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Mundell S, Kelly E. Adenosine receptor desensitization and trafficking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1319-28. [PMID: 20550943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As with the majority of G-protein-coupled receptors, all four of the adenosine receptor subtypes are known to undergo agonist-induced regulation in the form of desensitization and trafficking. These processes can limit the ability of adenosine receptors to couple to intracellular signalling pathways and thus reduce the ability of adenosine receptor agonists as well as endogenous adenosine to produce cellular responses. In addition, since adenosine receptors couple to multiple signalling pathways, these pathways may desensitize differentially, while the desensitization of one pathway could even trigger signalling via another. Thus, the overall picture of adenosine receptor regulation can be complex. For all adenosine receptor subtypes, there is evidence to implicate arrestins in agonist-induced desensitization and trafficking, but there is also evidence for other possible forms of regulation, including second messenger-dependent kinase regulation, heterologous effects involving G proteins, and the involvement of non-clathrin trafficking pathways such as caveolae. In this review, the evidence implicating these mechanisms is summarized for each adenosine receptor subtype, and we also discuss those issues of adenosine receptor regulation that remain to be resolved as well as likely directions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Mundell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Albertin G, Trivello E, Ciruela F, Genedani S, Tarakanov A, Fuxe K. An integrated view on the role of receptor mosaics at perisynaptic level: focus on adenosine A2A, dopamine D2, cannabinoid CB1, and metabotropic glutamate mGlu5receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:355-69. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.487492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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