1
|
Stavropoulos A, Varras M, Philippou A, Vasilakaki T, Varra VK, Varra FN, Tsavari A, Lazaris AC, Koutsilieris M. Immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor-1Ec in primary endometrial carcinoma: Association with PTEN, p53 and survivin expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:395. [PMID: 33193855 PMCID: PMC7656117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance and elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 are suggestive of a significantly higher risk of endometrial carcinoma. There is a wealth of evidence showing differential expression of IGF-1 isoforms in various types of cancer. In the present study, 99 archived endometrial carcinoma tissue sections were retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry for IGF-1Ec isoform expression. Expression of IGF-1Ec was also assessed in nine cases of non-neoplastic endometrial tissue adjacent to the tumor, in 30 cases with normal endometrium and in 30 cases with endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, the association between IGF-1Ec and the concurrent expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), p53 or survivin was assessed, as well as their combined expression in association with clinicopathological variables. In endometrial carcinoma, IGF-1Ec expression was high in non-endometrioid carcinoma (serous papillary or clear cell carcinoma) compared with that in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. IGF-1Ec expression was also high in the presence of tumoral necrosis. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the histological differentiation and the sum of staining intensity and the number of IGF-1Ec immunopositive cells in endometrial carcinoma. There was a moderate negative correlation between co-expression of IGF-1Ec and PTEN, for both the number of immunopositive cells (P=0.006, ρ=−0.343) and the sum of staining (scores and intensity; P=0.006, ρ=−0.343). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the sum of staining (scores and intensity) and co-expression of IGF-1Ec and survivin (P=0.043, ρ=0.225). However, there was no association between concomitant expression of IGF-1Ec and p53. These results emphasized the importance of IGF-1Ec expression during development of non-estrogen dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma. IGF-1Ec and PTEN may function opposingly during endometrial carcinogenesis. By contrast, IGF-1Ec and survivin may share common molecular pathways and may promote, in parallel, tumoral development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aggelis Stavropoulos
- Fourth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fifth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Pathology Department, 'Tzaneio' General Hospital, Piraeus 18536, Greece
| | | | - Fani-Niki Varra
- Pharmacy Department, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | | | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Geng T, Song ZY, Xing JX, Wang BX, Dai SP, Xu ZS. Exosome Derived from Coronary Serum of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Promotes Angiogenesis Through the miRNA-143/IGF-IR Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2647-2658. [PMID: 32368046 PMCID: PMC7183550 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s242908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury primarily causes myocardial infarction (MI), which is manifested by cell death. Angiogenesis is essential for repair and regeneration in cardiac tissue after MI. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from the serum of MI patients in angiogenesis and its related mechanism. Patients and Methods Exosomes, isolated from serum, were collected from MI (MI-exosome) and control (Con-exosome) patients. After coculturing with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, MI-exosome promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Results The results revealed that the production and release of MI-exosome were associated with cardiomyocytes. Moreover, microarray assays demonstrated that miRNA-143 was significantly decreased in MI-exosome. Meanwhile, the overexpression and knockdown of miRNA-143 could inhibit and enhance angiogenesis, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of exosomal miRNA-143 on angiogenesis was mediated by its targeting gene, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR), and was associated with the production of nitric oxide (NO). Conclusion Taken together, exosomes derived from the serum of patients with MI promoted angiogenesis through the IGF-IR/NO signaling pathway. The results provide novel understanding of the function of exosomes in MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Peng Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Sheng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bais S, Kumari R, Prashar Y, Gill NS. Review of various molecular targets on mast cells and its relation to obesity: A future perspective. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S1001-S1007. [PMID: 28778429 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are stimulatory factors in prognosis of various immunogenic and allergic diseases in human body. These cells play an important role in various immunological and metabolic diseases. The aim of present article is to explore the molecular targets to suppress the over expression of mast cells in obesity. The last 20 years literature were searched by various bibliographic data bases like Pubmed, google Scholar, Scopus and web of Science. The data were collected by keywords like "Mast Cell" "obesity" and "role of mast cell or role in obesity". Articles and their abstract were reviewed with a counting of 827 publications, in which 87 publications were considered for study and remaining was excluded because of its specificity to the subject. This review explains the characteristics, molecular targets and role of mast cells in obesity and existing research with mast cells to the area of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souravh Bais
- Department of Pharmacology, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, SBS Nagar District, Punjab 144506, India.
| | - Reena Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, SBS Nagar District, Punjab 144506, India
| | - Yash Prashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, SBS Nagar District, Punjab 144506, India
| | - N S Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, SBS Nagar District, Punjab 144506, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li S, Pinard M, Wang Y, Yang L, Lin R, Hiscott J, Su B, Brodt P. Crosstalk between the TNF and IGF pathways enhances NF-κB activation and signaling in cancer cells. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:253-261. [PMID: 26239406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for type I insulin like growth factor (IGF-IR) and NFκB signaling both play essential roles in cancer initiation and progression but relatively little is known about possible crosstalk between these pathways. We have shown that the IGF-IR could rescue lung and colon carcinoma cells from Tumor necrosis factor -α (ΤΝF-α)-induced apoptosis by activating autocrine, pro-survival IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling, suggesting that IGF-IR expression could alter NF-κB signaling that is required for transcriptional activation of IL-6. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to determine if and how IGF-IR signaling promotes TNF-α-induced NFκB activation. DESIGN We used lung carcinoma M-27 and colon carcinoma MC-38 cells to investigate IGF-IR-induced changes to the IKK/IκBα/NFκB pathway by a combination of qPCR, Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a reporter assay and gene silencing. RESULTS We show that in the presence of increased IGF-IR expression or activation levels, nuclear translocation of NFκB in response to TNF-α was enhanced in lung and colon carcinoma cells and this was due to accelerated phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. This effect was AKT-dependent and mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3(MEKK3) activation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that ligand-mediated activation of IGF-IR alters NF-κB signaling in cancer cells in an AKT/MEKK3-dependent manner and that temporal aspects of NF-κB activation can regulate the cytokine profile of the tumor cells and thereby, their interaction with the microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinard
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Yunling Wang
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Long Yang
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - John Hiscott
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Bing Su
- Dept of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yoon YS, Keum N, Zhang X, Cho E, Giovannucci EL. Circulating levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and colorectal adenomas: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:1026-35. [PMID: 26388613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, and is thereby implicated in carcinogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) may antagonize IGF-1 action, leading to inhibition of the potential tumorigenicity of IGF-1. We conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the association between IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and the risk of colorectal adenomas (CRAs). Further, we investigated whether this association was different between occurrent and recurrent CRA, by adjustment for obesity, and by advanced CRA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched up to April, 2015 to identify relevant observational studies and summary odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 12 studies (11 studies including 3038 cases for IGF-1, 12 studies including 3208 cases for IGFBP-3, and 7 studies including 1867 cases for IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio) were included in this meta-analysis. The summary ORs of occurrent CRA for the highest versus lowest category of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were 1.13 (95% CI: 0.95-1.34), 0.99 (0.84-1.16), and 1.05 (0.86-1.29), respectively. Higher IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were significantly associated with decreased risk of recurrent CRA (OR for IGF-1=0.60 [95% CI: 0.42-0.85]; IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio=0.65 [0.44-0.96]). A stratified analysis by advancement of occurrent CRA produced a significant summary OR of IGF-1 for advanced CRA (OR=2.21 [1.08-4.52]) but not for non-advanced CRA (OR=0.89 [0.55-1.45]). We did not find significant publication bias or heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and their molar ratio were not associated with the risk of occurrence of CRA, but IGF-1 was associated with the increased risk for occurrence of advanced CRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Sook Yoon
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 411-706, South Korea.
| | - NaNa Keum
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zou JY, Huang SH, Li Y, Chen HG, Rong J, Ye S. Airway epithelial cell-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 triggers skewed CD8+T cell polarization. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1148-54. [PMID: 24844927 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; The First Affiliated hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; No.58, Zhongshan 2nd Road Guangzhou 510080 P. R. China
| | - Shao-hong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 P. R. China
| | - Hui-guo Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 5100810 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 5100810 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan J, Fan L, Mao JJ, Chen B, Zheng L, Zhang T, Li T, Duan J, Duan Y, Jin Z, Kuang W. Restoration of miR-34a in p53 deficient cells unexpectedly promotes the cell survival by increasing NFκB activity. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2903-8. [PMID: 22531959 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of miR-34a by p53 is recently believed to be a key mediator in the pro-apoptotic effects of this tumor suppressor. We sought to determine whether restoration of miR-34a levels in p53 deficient cells could rescue the response to DNA damage. Compared with the p53 wildtype U2OS cells, miR-34a expression was much lower in p53 deficient Saos2 cells upon cisplatin treatment. Unexpectedly, delivery of miR-34a in Saos2 cells does not increase the cell sensitivity to apoptosis. This effect was mediated by direct downregulation of SirT1 expression by miR-34a, which in turn increased the NFκB activity. Inhibition of NFκB activity in Saos2 cells by Aspirin sensitized the miR-34a overexpressing cells to cell death. Thus, in tumors with p53 deficiency, miR-34a restoration alone confers drug resistance through Sirt1-NFκB pathway and combination of miR-34a and NFκB inhibitor could be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen K, Cui D, Sun L, Lu Y, Han M, Liu J. Inhibition of IGF-IR increases chemosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells through MRP-2 promoter suppression. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2086-97. [PMID: 22275271 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells has made many of the currently available chemotherapeutic agents ineffective. However, the mechanism involved in mediating this effect is not yet fully understood. Here, we found the overexpression of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) in established colorectal MDR cells. Specific siRNA of IGF-IR decreases cell proliferation, exert synergistic effect with anticancer drugs. The downstream signaling of IGF-IR, PI3K/AKT pathway, was altered upon IGF-IR silencing. The expression of multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2) was suppressed due to the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). Then the intracellular drug concentration was increased and the drug-resistant phenotype was reversed. Our findings improve current understanding of the biology of IGF-IR and MDR and have significant therapeutic implications on colorectal MDR cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harvey AE, Lashinger LM, Otto G, Nunez NP, Hursting SD. Decreased systemic IGF-1 in response to calorie restriction modulates murine tumor cell growth, nuclear factor-κB activation, and inflammation-related gene expression. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:997-1006. [PMID: 22778026 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) prevents obesity and has potent anticancer effects associated with altered hormones and cytokines. We tested the hypothesis that CR inhibits MC38 mouse colon tumor cell growth through modulation of hormone-stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and protumorigenic gene expression. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized (n = 30/group) to receive control diet or 30% CR diet. At 20 wk, 15 mice/group were killed for body composition analysis. At 21 wk, serum was obtained for hormone analysis. At 22 wk, mice were injected with MC38 cells; tumor growth was monitored for 24 d. Gene expression in excised tumors and MC38 cells was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. In vitro MC38 NF-κB activation (by p65 ELISA and immunofluorescence) were measured in response to varying IGF-1 concentrations (1-400 ng/mL). Relative to controls, CR mice had decreased tumor volume, body weight, body fat, serum IGF-1, serum leptin, and serum insulin, and increased serum adiponectin (P < 0.05, each). Tumors from CR mice, versus controls, had downregulated inflammation- and/or cancer-related gene expression, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2, S100A9, and F4/80, and upregulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression. In MC38 cells in vitro, IGF-1 increased NF-κB activation and NF-κB downstream gene expression (P < 0.05, each). We conclude that CR, in association with reduced systemic IGF-1, modulates MC38 tumor growth, NF-κB activation, and inflammation-related gene expression. Thus, IGF-1 and/or NF-κB inhibition may pharmacologically mimic the anticancer effects of CR to break the obesity-colon cancer link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Harvey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Expression of various insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA isoforms in colorectal cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2012; 16:147-53. [PMID: 23788868 PMCID: PMC3687396 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2012.28794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Several epidemiological studies have attempted to demonstrate a relationship between increased serum level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and an augmented risk of developing colorectal cancers (CRC). The human IGF-1 gene is composed of 6 exons and demonstrated expression of 6 different splice variants (isoforms) of mRNA (IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB and IIC). The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of different isoforms of IGF-1 mRNA in CRC and normal colon tissue. Material and methods 13 paired tissue specimens (colorectal tumor and non-tumor tissues) were analyzed using both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry methods (IHC). The expression of classes I and II and variants A, B, C of IGF-1 mRNA were measured. Results In CRC higher amounts of IGF-1 class II mRNA than class I mRNA were detected. Among A, B, C isoforms, A variant of IGF-1 mRNA prevailed. The amounts of IGF-1 class I and class II mRNAs and of IGF-1 variant B mRNA were lowered in CRC as compared to the control. In CRC significant correlations were detected between reciprocal expression of class I and class II as well as between I and II isoforms and A, B and C. Conclusions Expression of IGF-1 mRNA isoforms differs between normal and CRC tissues. Even if all isoforms of IGF-1 mRNA manifested correlations with each other in tissues of CRC, expression of all transcripts (except that of isoform A) was significantly decreased as compared to the control.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamrava M, Gius D, Casagrande G, Kohn E. Will targeting insulin growth factor help us or hurt us?: An oncologist's perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:62-70. [PMID: 19896561 PMCID: PMC2888889 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF) pathway is a critical mediator of longevity and aging. Efforts to extend longevity by altering the insulin/IGF pathway may have varying effects on other physiological processes. Reduced insulin/IGF levels may decrease the incidence of certain cancers as well as the risk of developing metastatic disease. However, it may also increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular related mortality. Pursuing the right insulin/IGF pathway targets will require striking a balance between inhibiting cancer cell development and progression and avoiding damage to tissues under normal insulin/IGF-mediated control. This review will discuss the roles of the insulin/IGF pathway in aging and longevity and the development of cancer cell metastasis and considerations in taking insulin/IGF directed targets to the oncology clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Kamrava
- Molecular Radiation Oncology Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - David Gius
- Molecular Radiation Oncology Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Giovanna Casagrande
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Elise Kohn
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Giribaldi G, Prato M, Ulliers D, Gallo V, Schwarzer E, Akide-Ndunge OB, Valente E, Saviozzi S, Calogero RA, Arese P. Involvement of inflammatory chemokines in survival of human monocytes fed with malarial pigment. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4912-21. [PMID: 20732999 PMCID: PMC2976350 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00455-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemozoin (HZ)-fed monocytes are exposed to strong oxidative stress, releasing large amounts of peroxidation derivatives with subsequent impairment of numerous functions and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the histopathology at autopsy of tissues from patients with severe malaria showed abundant HZ in Kupffer cells and other tissue macrophages, suggesting that functional impairment and cytokine production are not accompanied by cell death. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of HZ in cell survival, focusing on the qualitative and temporal expression patterns of proinflammatory and antiapoptotic molecules. Immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analyses showed that the long-term viability of human monocytes was unaffected by HZ. Short-term analysis by macroarray of a complete panel of cytokines and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR experiments showed that HZ immediately induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression, followed by transcription of eight additional chemokines (IL-8, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 [ENA-78], growth-regulated oncogene α [GROα], GROβ, GROγ, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α], MIP-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]), two cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and IL-1receptor antagonist [IL-1RA]), and the cytokine/chemokine-related proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, real-time RT-PCR showed that 15-HETE, a potent lipoperoxidation derivative generated by HZ through heme catalysis, recapitulated the effects of HZ on the expression of four of the chemokines. Intermediate-term investigation by Western blotting showed that HZ increased expression of HSP27, a chemokine-related protein with antiapoptotic properties. Taken together, the present data suggest that apoptosis of HZ-fed monocytes is prevented through a cascade involving 15-HETE-mediated upregulation of IL-1β transcription, rapidly sustained by chemokine, TNF-α, MMP-9, and IL-1RA transcription and upregulation of HSP27 protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giribaldi
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang SY, Hoy M, Fuller B, Sales KM, Seifalian AM, Winslet MC. Pretreatment with insulin-like growth factor I protects skeletal muscle cells against oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways. J Transl Med 2010; 90:391-401. [PMID: 20084055 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of many muscle diseases. The major contributors to oxidative stress in muscle tissue are reactive oxygen species such as oxygen ions, free radicals, and peroxides. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been shown to increase muscle mass and promote muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. We, therefore, hypothesized that IGF-I might also be cytoprotective for muscle cells during oxidative stress. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was used to induce oxidative stress/damage in two types of skeletal muscle cells. Apoptotic pathways were assessed after the oxidative damage and the effects of IGF-I on oxidative stress in muscle cells were examined. Different IGF-I sub-pathways were analyzed with measurement of the expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins. It was found that H(2)O(2) diminishes muscle cell viability and induces a caspase-independent apoptotic cell death. Pretreatment with IGF-I protects muscle cells from H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and enhances muscle cells survival. This effect appears to result from the promotion of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2. Further investigation shows that protection is via an IGF-I sub-pathway: PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways. Protecting muscle cells from oxidative damage presents a potential application in the treatment of the muscle wasting, which appears in many muscle pathologies including Duchenne muscle dystrophy and sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu Yang
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Medical School, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siddiqui IA, Shukla Y, Adhami VM, Sarfaraz S, Asim M, Hafeez BB, Mukhtar H. Suppression of NFkappaB and its regulated gene products by oral administration of green tea polyphenols in an autochthonous mouse prostate cancer model. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2135-42. [PMID: 18317887 PMCID: PMC3064432 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the role of cell survival/apoptosis related proteins involved in NFkappaB signaling pathways and its associated events in GTP-induced chemoprevention of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. METHODS Mice were given 0.1% GTP as drinking fluid. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis performed to examine NFkappaB and its regulated pathway in response to GTP. RESULTS Our data demonstrated increased expression of NFkappaB, IKKalpha, IKKbeta, RANK, NIK and STAT-3 in dorso-lateral prostate of TRAMP mice as a function of age and tumor growth and continuous GTP infusion for 32 weeks resulted in substantial reduction in these proteins. The levels of transcription factor osteopontin, a non-collagenous extracellular matrix protein, were also downregulated. Inhibition of NFkappaB signaling is known to activate apoptotic and inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins. Therefore, we analyzed Bax and Bcl2 levels in the dorsolateral prostate of TRAMP mice fed GTP and observed a shift in balance between Bax and Bcl2 favoring apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the data we suggest that oral consumption of GTP might inhibit osteopontin and NFkappaB signaling that may contribute to induction of apoptosis observed in GTP fed TRAMP mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz A. Siddiqui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 80 MG Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vaqar M. Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sami Sarfaraz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, B-25, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:8387-92. [PMID: 18550829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803383105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) lack gain-of-function mutations in c-KIT and PDGFRalpha. These so-called wild-type (WT) GISTs tend to be less responsive to imatinib-based therapies and have a poor prognosis. We identified amplification of IGF1R in a SNP analysis of GIST and thus studied its potential as a therapeutic target in WT and mutant GIST. Expression of IGF1R and downstream effectors in clinical GIST samples was examined by using immunoblots and immunohistochemistry. The roles of IGF1R signaling in GIST and viability were analyzed by using NVP-AEW541, an inhibitor of IGF1R, alone and in combination with imatinib, or via siRNA silencing of IGF1R. IGF1R was strongly overexpressed, and IGF1R amplification was detected at a significantly higher frequency in WT GISTs, including a pediatric WT GIST, compared with mutant GISTs (P = 0.0173 and P = 0.0163, respectively). Inhibition of IGF1R activity in vitro with NVP-AEW541 or down-regulation of expression with siIGF1R led to cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in GIST cell lines via AKT and MAPK signaling. Combination of NVP-AEW541 and imatinib in GIST cell lines induced a strong cytotoxicity response. Our results reveal that IGF1R is amplified and the protein is overexpressed in WT and pediatric GISTs. We also demonstrate that the aberrant expression of IGF1R may be associated with oncogenesis in WT GISTs and suggest an alternative and/or complementary therapeutic regimen in the clinical management of all GISTs, especially in a subset of tumors that respond less favorably to imatinib-based therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Donovan EA, Kummar S. Role of insulin-like growth factor-1R system in colorectal carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 66:91-8. [PMID: 17977741 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is comprised of receptors, ligands (IGF-I and IGF-II), and a family of binding proteins (IGFBPs). It plays an important role in growth and development and in the maintenance of normal homeostasis. We present a review of the current laboratory and epidemiologic evidence that suggests an important role of the IGF system in colorectal carcinogenesis. Due to the complexity of this system, we have focused the review on the role of the IGF-1 receptor and its ligands in colorectal carcinogenesis and the strategies to block this pathway as a potential anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Donovan
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/12N226, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ogunwobi OO, Beales ILP. Cyclo-oxygenase-independent inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of proliferation by leptin in human colon cancer cells. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:1934-45. [PMID: 17406816 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of colon cancer. Hyperleptinemia is characteristic of obesity and leptin has been reported to be a colonic growth factor. We have examined the involvement of the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) pathways in the proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects of leptin. Leptin stimulated proliferation in HT-29 colon cancer cells: this was unaffected by inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, protein kinase C, or the epidermal growth factor receptor. Leptin did not increase COX-2 mRNA or COX-derived prostaglandin E2 production. Celecoxib induced apoptosis in a COX-independent manner. Leptin reduced both serum starvation- and celecoxib-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK, p38 MAP kinase, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB abolished the growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic effects of leptin. Treatment of HT-29 cells with leptin stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase and nuclear translocation of active NF-kappaB. We conclude that leptin stimulates colon cancer proliferation via COX-independent pathways and reduces celecoxib-induced apoptosis via ERK, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-kappaB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunseun Olatunji Ogunwobi
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Almeida A, Correia-da-Silva G, Cepa M, Bell SC, Teixeira NA. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in primary rat decidual cells by INF-γ and TNF. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 74:371-7. [PMID: 16967500 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the rat, in response to blastocyst implantation, stromal cells of the endometrium proliferate and differentiate into decidual cells, forming the decidua. After reaching its maximum development, the decidua undergoes regression. This phenomenon appears to be due to an active process involving apoptosis. As there is sparse knowledge concerning the mechanisms of induction of decidual cell death, the potential role of cytokines present in the uterine environment during pregnancy, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) was explored in primary cultures of rat decidual cells. The effects of these factors upon cellular viability, nuclear morphologic alterations, expression, and enzymatic activities of the effector caspases-3/7 were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that in contrast to TNF, which did not induce any alteration, INF-gamma and in association with TNF caused a decrease in cell viability and an increase in the appearance of apoptotic bodies in a time-dependent manner that was augmented in the co-presence of TNF. An increase in caspase-3/7 activities after 12 hr of TNF/INF-gamma treatment was also observed. These findings suggest that INF-gamma expressed in the uterine environment may play an important role in regulating apoptosis through potential synergistic mechanisms with TNF and thereby modulate decidual stability and regression during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Almeida
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Remacle-Bonnet M, Garrouste F, Baillat G, Andre F, Marvaldi J, Pommier G. Membrane rafts segregate pro- from anti-apoptotic insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling in colon carcinoma cells stimulated by members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:761-73. [PMID: 16127155 PMCID: PMC1698735 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, autocrine/paracrine loops of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) contribute to cancer cell survival. However, we report here that IGF-I can send contradictory signals that interfere with cell death induced by different ligands of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. IGF-I protected human colon carcinoma cells from TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, but it enhanced the apoptotic response to anti-Fas antibody and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand stimulation. This proapoptotic effect of IGF-I, observed in several but not all tested colon cancer cell lines, was mediated via the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Furthermore, IGF-I receptors (IGF-IR) were located in and out of membrane lipid rafts and were tyrosine autophosphorylated in response to IGF-I. However, disruption of rafts by acute cholesterol depletion shifted IGF-IR to non-raft domains, abolished the IGF-I-mediated proapoptotic effect, and inhibited the IGF-I-dependent IRS-1 and Akt recruitment into and phosphorylation/activation within lipid rafts. Replenishing cell membranes with cholesterol reversed these effects. Activation of extracellular-regulated kinase-1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which convey the IGF-I anti-apoptotic effect, occurred independently of lipid rafts. Thus, we propose that segregation of IGF-IR in and out of lipid rafts may dynamically regulate the pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-I on apoptosis induced by TNF superfamily members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Remacle-Bonnet
- FRE CNRS 27.37, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baillat G, Garrouste F, Remacle-Bonnet M, Marvaldi J, Pommier G. Bcl-xL/Bax ratio is altered by IFNγ in TNFα- but not in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1745:101-10. [PMID: 16085058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a crucial mechanism to eliminate harmful cells in which growth factors and cytokines are key regulators. In HT29-D4 cells, a model of human colon carcinoma, IFNgamma presensitization is essential to induce an apoptotic response to TNFalpha whereas it only slightly enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To compare the transcriptional profiles induced by TNFalpha and TRAIL and their regulation by IFNgamma, we optimized a cDNA array analysis on targeted signaling pathways and confirmed the gene expression modulations by comparative RT-PCR. Although the two TNFSF ligands induced a same strong up-expression of pro-apoptotic Bax gene, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL gene was more strongly up-regulated in TNFalpha- than in TRAIL-stimulated cells. Thus, TRAIL but not TNFalpha induced apoptotic mitochondrial cascade as highlighted by cytochrome c release into cytosol. IFNgamma presensitization of TRAIL-stimulated cells did not induce any change in cytochrome c release, suggesting that the increase of IFNgamma/TRAIL-induced apoptosis is independent of this pathway. In contrast, IFNgamma pretreatment prevented Bcl-xL gene up-expression in TNFalpha-stimulated cells and allowed cytochrome c release. Thus, we hypothesize that the Bcl-xL/Bax ratio can block the apoptotic response in TNFalpha-stimulated cells but allows cell death initiation when it is altered by a crosstalk between IFNgamma presensitization and TNFalpha induced signalings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Baillat
- ISPDCT (IPHM), FRE CNRS 2737, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) has been implicated in the development and progression of many common cancers and other neoplastic diseases. The tumorigenic potential of IGF-IR relies on its antiapoptotic and transforming activities. The molecular mechanisms by which IGF-IR controls the proliferation and survival of tumour cells have been extensively studied and many pathways have been delineated. However, the role of IGF-IR in the regulation of non-mitogenic cell functions is less well understood. Here we focus on IGF-IR-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Limited studies suggested that IGF-IR can regulate cell aggregation and intercellular adhesion mediated by cadherins and cadherin-associated proteins. We review the mechanisms of this process and discuss the impact of IGF-IR-dependent cell-cell adhesion on the phenotype of tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Mauro
- Department of Cellular Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Amount, Type, and Timing of Recreational Physical Activity in Relation to Colon and Rectal Cancer in Older Adults: the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.2187.13.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Physical activity has consistently been associated with lower risk of colon cancer, but information is limited on the amount, type, and timing of activities. The relationship between physical activity and rectal cancer is unclear. We examined characteristics of recreational physical activity in relation to colon and rectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort of 70,403 men and 80,771 women (median age, 63 years); 940 colon and 390 rectal cancers were identified from enrollment in 1992 to 1993 through August 1999. The multivariate-adjusted rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with any recreational physical activity compared with none were 0.87 (0.71-1.06) for colon cancer and 0.70 (0.53-0.93) for rectal cancer. Colon cancer risk decreased significantly with increasing total hours (P for trend without reference group = 0.007) and metabolic equivalent hours (P for trend = 0.006) per week of activities. No clear decrease in rectal cancer risk was seen with increasing hours per week of physical activity. Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.72 (0.52-0.98) for <2 hours, 0.68 (0.47-0.97) for 2 to 3 hours, 0.59 (0.41-0.83) for 4 to 6 hours, and 0.83 (0.59-1.16) for ≥7 hours per week of physical activity compared with none. Past exercise, as reported in 1982, was not associated with risk of either colon or rectal cancer. We conclude that increasing amounts of time spent at recreational physical activity are associated with substantially lower risk of colon cancer and that recreational physical activity is associated with lower risk of rectal cancer in older men and women.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fischer-Posovszky P, Tornqvist H, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M. Inhibition of death-receptor mediated apoptosis in human adipocytes by the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)/IGF-I receptor autocrine circuit. Endocrinology 2004; 145:1849-59. [PMID: 14691011 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue mass is reflected by the volume and the number of adipocytes and is subject to homeostatic regulation involving cell death mechanisms. In this study we have investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis in human preadipocytes and adipocytes that may play a role in the regulation of adipose tissue mass. We found that death receptors (CD95, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors 1 and 2, and TNF receptor 1) are expressed in human fat cells and that apoptosis can be induced by specific ligands. Sensitivity to apoptosis could be stimulated by an inhibitor of biosynthesis. In addition, inhibition of auto-/paracrine action of IGF-I dramatically sensitizes human adipocytes for death ligand-induced apoptosis. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and, to a weaker extent, p38 MAPK are involved in IGF-I-mediated survival. IGF-I protects human fat cells from apoptosis by maintaining the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-x(L) and Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1-converting enzyme inhibitory protein. In conclusion, we identified mechanisms of apoptosis induction in human fat cells. We furthermore demonstrate that human fat cells protect themselves from apoptosis by IGF-I in an auto-/paracrine manner.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Y, Karas M, Dupont J, Zhao H, Toyoshima Y, Le Roith D. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of IGF-I receptor inhibition of PTEN-enhanced apoptosis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2004; 14:52-58. [PMID: 14700555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a dual protein and lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates PIP3 at the 3' position, thereby antagonizing PI3-kinase activity. A reduction in PI3' kinase activity enhances the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. By stably transfecting PC12 cells with an antisense PTEN construct, endogenous PTEN protein levels were reduced by approximately 50% and etoposide-induced apoptosis was markedly decreased. Furthermore, IGF-I receptor abrogation of this apoptotic effect was inhibited by both PI3' kinase and by specific inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase. Thus, we show for the first time that p38 MAP kinase is involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wu
- Chief Diabetes Branch, Room 8D12, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892-1758, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of ligands, binding proteins and receptors is an important growth factor system involved in both the development of the organism and the maintenance of normal function of many cells of the body. The system also has powerful anti-apoptotic effects. More recently, evidence has accrued to demonstrate that the IGFs play an important role in cancer. Individuals with serum IGF-II levels in the upper quartile of the normal range (and IGF binding protein-3 levels in the lower quartiles) have a relative risk for developing breast, prostate, colon and lung cancer. IGF-II is commonly expressed by tumor cells and may act as an autocrine growth factor; occasionally even reaching target tissues and causing tumor-induced hypoglycemia. The IGF-I receptor is commonly (though not always) overexpressed in many cancers, and many recent studies have identified new signaling pathways emanating from the IGF-I receptor that affect cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and cell death; functions that are critical for cancer cell survival and metastases. In this review, many aspects of the IGF system and its relationship to cancer will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek LeRoith
- Diabetes Branch, Room 8D12, Building 10, National Institutes of Health MSC 1758, Bethesda, MD 20892-1758, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|