1
|
Syromyatnikov M, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Smirnova Y, Gryaznova M, Popov V. Characteristics of the Gut Bacterial Composition in People of Different Nationalities and Religions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091866. [PMID: 36144468 PMCID: PMC9501501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has made it possible to extensively study the human gut microbiota. The links between the human gut microbiome and ethnicity, religion, and race remain rather poorly understood. In this review, data on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the nationality of people and their religion were generalized. The unique gut microbiome of a healthy European (including Slavic nationality) is characterized by the dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Among the African population, the typical members of the microbiota are Bacteroides and Prevotella. The gut microbiome of Asians is very diverse and rich in members of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Collinsella, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. Among Buddhists and Muslims, the Prevotella enterotype is characteristic of the gut microbiome, while other representatives of religions, including Christians, have the Bacteroides enterotype. Most likely, the gut microbiota of people of different nationalities and religions are influenced by food preferences. The review also considers the influences of pathologies such as obesity, Crohn’s disease, cancer, diabetes, etc., on the bacterial composition of the guts of people of different nationalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Nesterova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria Gladkikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du Y, Ding L, Na L, Sun T, Sun X, Wang L, He S, Wang Z, Lu Z, Li F, Guo X, Zhang Y, Tian J, Wang B, Zhai S, Yang C, Liu X. Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Alterations of Gut Microbiome in People of Ningxia China During Urbanization: An Epidemiological Survey. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:707402. [PMID: 34804988 PMCID: PMC8595329 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.707402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of urbanization has dramatically changed people's living environment and lifestyle, accompanied by the increased prevalence of chronic diseases. However, there is little research on the effect of urbanization on gut microbiome in residents. Here we investigated the relation between living environment and gut microbiota in a homogenous population along an urban-rural gradient in Ningxia China. According to the degree of urbanization, the population is divided into four groups: mountainous rural (MR) represents non-urbanized areas, mountainous urban (MU) and plain rural (PR) represent preliminary urbanization, and plain urban (PU) is a representative of complete urbanization. Studies have found that with the deepening of urbanization, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gallstones, and renal cysts, have gradually increased. The intestinal richness and diversity of the microbial community were significantly reduced in the PR and the PU groups compared with the MR and the MU groups. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, the significantly enriched genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the MR group gradually decreased in the MU, the PR, and the PU groups. Effect size results revealed that both residence and diet had an effect on intestinal microbiota. Our results suggested that the disparate patterns of gut microbiota composition were revealed at different levels of urbanization, providing an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the contribution of the "rural microbiome" in potential protection against the occurrence of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Biobank, Laboratory of Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Surgical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Biobank, Laboratory of Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Surgical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Na
- Biobank, Laboratory of Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Surgical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Biobank, Laboratory of Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Surgical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shulan He
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Public Health at Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Biobank, Laboratory of Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Surgical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Public Health at Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Nursing, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Sifan Zhai
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heinrich KM, Gurevich KG, Arkhangelskaia AN, Karazhelyaskov OP, Poston WSC. Despite Low Obesity Rates, Body Mass Index Under-Estimated Obesity among Russian Police Officers When Compared to Body Fat Percentage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061937. [PMID: 32188073 PMCID: PMC7143193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In some countries, obesity rates among police officers are higher than the general public, despite physically demanding jobs. Obesity rates based on body mass index (BMI) may lack accuracy as BMI does not directly address body composition. Since data are lacking for obesity rates among Russian police officers, this study documented and compared officer obesity rates to the adult Russian population and compared the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) for obesity classification to two direct measures of body composition. Moscow region police officers (N = 182, 84% men) underwent height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%) bioelectrical impedance measurements during annual medical examinations. BMI-defined obesity rates were 4.6% for men and 17.2% for women, which were >3 and >1.8 times lower than Russian adults, respectively. WC-defined obesity rates were similar to BMI (3.3% for men and 10.3% for women), but BF%-defined obesity rates were much higher (22.2% for men and 55.2% for women). Although obesity rates were lower than those found among police officers in other countries, BMI alone was not a particularly accurate method for classifying weight status among Russian police officers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-785-532-7771
| | - Konstantin G. Gurevich
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (MSUMD), Moscow 127473, Russia; (K.G.G.); (A.N.A.); (O.P.K.)
- Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management of the Department of Public Health, Moscow 115184, Russia
| | - Anna N. Arkhangelskaia
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (MSUMD), Moscow 127473, Russia; (K.G.G.); (A.N.A.); (O.P.K.)
| | - Oleg P. Karazhelyaskov
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (MSUMD), Moscow 127473, Russia; (K.G.G.); (A.N.A.); (O.P.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
In the 21st century, urbanization represents a major demographic shift in developed and developing countries. Rapid urbanization in the developing world has been associated with an increasing incidence of several autoimmune diseases, including IBD. Patients with IBD exhibit a decrease in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, while urbanization attenuates the gut microbial diversity and might have a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Environmental exposures during urbanization, including Westernization of diet, increased antibiotic use, pollution, improved hygiene status and early-life microbial exposure, have been shown to affect the gut microbiota. The disparate patterns of the gut microbiota composition in rural and urban areas offer an opportunity to understand the contribution of a 'rural microbiome' in potentially protecting against the development of IBD. This Perspective discusses the effect of urbanization and its surrogates on the gut microbiome (bacteriome, virome, mycobiome and helminths) in both human health and IBD and how such changes might be associated with the development of IBD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kharlamov AN. Cardiovascular burden and percutaneous interventions in Russian Federation: systematic epidemiological update. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017; 7:60-84. [PMID: 28164014 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2016.08.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The situation with cardiovascular (CV) burden in Russian population is alerting, and becomes of interest due to high CV mortality, and shorter lifespan if compare with the Western society amid the absence of the established monitoring or screening system for major CV risk factors. The purpose of this systematic epidemiological update was to explore CV burden in Russia. The study represents pooled results with a systematic epidemiological review of the national mass screening, selected randomized clinical trials and statistical datasets of the national public health CV institutions exploring the trends of the CV burden in all 83 regions of Russia. We overviewed data from a number of the available Russian-speaking national data sources of 2001-2014, and NANOM-FIM trial (NCT01270139) as the only available real-world population study. The CV diseases in Russia accounted for 54.9% of all deaths in 2011-2014. The death rate was 13.3 per 1,000 citizens with CV mortality of 653.9 per 100,000. The life expectancy achieves 64.3 years for male and 76.1 years for female. The mean age of pts in trial was 51.6 years (77.2% males). A total of 175 Russian PCI centers implemented 205,902 angio a year, and 75,378 PCI achieving 531 PCI per 1,000,000 with placement of 101,451 stents (1.37 stents per PCI; 48,057 DES). The smoking (17.3% of screened with a 2,786 cigarettes a year; 70.6% in trial), excessive alcohol consumption (1.8% of screened with a 11.6 L per year; 50.6% in trial), unhealthy Russian diet (abundance of carbohydrates/sugar, saturated and trans fats in 24.3% of screened), psychosocial factors (20%) and physical inactivity (19.6% of screened) remain the major modifiable risk factors. They, in turn, affect such risk factors as dyslipidemia (86.7% in trial), obesity (16.7% of screened; BMI in trial was 28.4), and hypertension (40.8% suffered; 86.1% in trial). CV mortality was not directly associated with a level of poverty (r=0.26, P=0.02) or socio-economic development (P>0.05) in regions. The documented 27% 10-year decline of CV mortality was interpreted as a success of the national policy. Mortality statistics show the stark reality of a high CV burden in Russia. New national program and aggressive emerging efforts are required to tackle CV diseases in Russia.
Collapse
|
6
|
Petrenya N, Dobrodeeva L, Brustad M, Bichkaeva F, Menshikova E, Lutfalieva G, Poletaeva A, Repina V, Cooper M, Odland JØ. Fish consumption and socio-economic factors among residents of Arkhangelsk city and the rural Nenets autonomous area. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 70:46-58. [DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v70i1.17798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Staudigel M. A soft pillow for hard times? Economic insecurity, food intake and body weight in Russia. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2016; 50:198-212. [PMID: 27814484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates causal effects of economic insecurity on subjective anxiety, food intake, and weight outcomes. A review of psychological and nutrition studies highlights the complexity of processes at work on each stage of this causal chain. Econometric analyses trace the effects along the hypothesized pathway using detailed household panel data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey from 1994 to 2005. Economic insecurity measures serve as key explanatory variables in regressions and are instrumented by exogenous regional indicators. Results support a causal chain from economic insecurity to weight outcomes for some population subgroups. In contrast to the leading hypothesis that economic insecurity increases body weight, I find strong evidence of a decreasing effect among women. Results suggest further that consumption of foods rich in sugar responds strongly to higher levels of economic insecurity. Heterogeneous impacts of economic insecurity on body weight call for individual-level interventions rather than large-scale action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Staudigel
- Chair of Marketing and Consumer Research, TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burggraf C, Teuber R, Brosig S, Glauben T. Economic growth and the demand for dietary quality: Evidence from Russia during transition. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 19:184-203. [PMID: 26469973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases worldwide has raised people's awareness of dietary quality. Most existing studies on the topic of changing nutrition patterns measure dietary quality by single macronutrient indicators or anthropometric outcomes. However, such an approach is often too narrow to provide a picture of overall dietary quality and is sometimes even misleading. This study contributes to the existing literature by taking into account that the analysis of dietary quality comprises two dimensions: the adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, as well as the moderate intake of nutrients that increase the risk of chronic diseases. Thereby, we apply Grossman's health investment model to the analysis of the demand for dietary quality, explicitly addressing the different dimensions of dietary quality and the intertemporal character of health investments. We apply our approach to Russia using data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey from 1996 to 2008. Our results show that intake levels of vitamins and minerals as well as saturated and total fatty acids increased after 1998 along with economic recovery, while the intake of fiber decreased. Our econometric results imply an income elasticity of vitamins and minerals of 0.051, and an income elasticity of fats of 0.073. Overall, our results are in line with an ongoing nutrition transition in the Russian Federation, which is marked by decreasing deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, as well as the increasing consumption of fats with its accompanying negative health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Burggraf
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser Street 2, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ramona Teuber
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stephan Brosig
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser Street 2, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Glauben
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser Street 2, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lunze K, Yurasova E, Idrisov B, Gnatienko N, Migliorini L. Food security and nutrition in the Russian Federation - a health policy analysis. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:27537. [PMID: 26112143 PMCID: PMC4481043 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.27537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Russian Federation (Russia), an elevated burden of premature mortality attributable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been observed since the country's economic transition. NCDs are largely related to preventable risk factors such as unhealthy diets. OBJECTIVE This health policy study's aim was to analyze past and current food production and nutritional trends in Russia and their policy implications for Russia's NCD burden. DESIGN We examined food security and nutrition in Russia using an analytical framework of food availability, access to food, and consumption. RESULTS Agricultural production declined during the period of economic transition, and nutritional habits changed from high-fat animal products to starches. However, per-capita energy consumption remained stable due to increased private expenditures on food and use of private land. Paradoxically, the prevalence of obesity still increased because of an excess consumption of unsaturated fat, sugar, and salt on one side, and insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables on the other. CONCLUSIONS Policy and economic reforms in Russia were not accompanied by a food security crisis or macronutrient deprivation of the population. Yet, unhealthy diets in contemporary Russia contribute to the burden of NCDs and related avoidable mortality. Food and nutrition policies in Russia need to specifically address nutritional shortcomings and food-insecure vulnerable populations. Appropriate, evidence-informed food and nutrition policies might help address Russia's burden of NCDs on a population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Lunze
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA;
| | - Elena Yurasova
- World Health Organization, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seamans MJ, Robinson WR, Thorpe RJ, Cole SR, LaVeist TA. Exploring racial differences in the obesity gender gap. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:420-5. [PMID: 25887701 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the gender gap in obesity prevalence is greater among U.S. blacks than whites in a study designed to account for racial differences in socioeconomic and environmental conditions. METHODS We estimated age-adjusted, race-stratified gender gaps in obesity (% female obese - % male obese, defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) in the National Health Interview Survey 2003 and the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities-Southwest Baltimore 2003 study (EHDIC-SWB). EHDIC-SWB is a population-based survey of 1381 adults living in two urban, low-income, racially integrated census tracts with no race difference in income. RESULTS In the National Health Interview Survey, the obesity gender gap was larger in blacks than whites as follows: 7.7 percentage points (ppts; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4-11.9) in blacks versus -1.5 ppts (95% CI: -2.8 to -0.2) in whites. In EHDIC-SWB, the gender gap was similarly large for blacks and whites as follows: 15.3 ppts (95% CI: 8.6-22.0) in blacks versus 14.0 ppts (95% CI: 7.1-20.9) in whites. CONCLUSIONS In a racially integrated, low-income urban community, gender gaps in obesity prevalence were similar for blacks and whites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J Seamans
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephen R Cole
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas A LaVeist
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arikan I, Karakaya K, Erata M, Tüzün H, Baran E, Levent G, Yeşil HK. Fighting obesity campaign in Turkey: evaluation of media campaign efficacy. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22:170-4. [PMID: 25438394 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to determine the frequency of behaviour change and related factors generated in the population through the "Fighting Obesity Campaign" of the Turkish Ministry of Health. METHODS Twelve statistical regions from NUTS-1 and 18 provinces were selected for the study sample. At least one province from each region was randomly selected, and stratawere defined as urban or rural. Of the sample selected, 2,038 respondents completed a face-to-face survey. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the data. Changing behaviour as result of the campaign was defined as the dependent variable. Behaviour change was defined as an individual taking at least one action to increase physical activity, calculate her/his Body Mass Index (BMI) or minimise meal portions. RESULTS Of the sample selected, 84% of participants lived in urban areas. Of total sample selected, 49.8% were men and 50.2% were women. According to BMI categorisation, 41.4% of participants were underweight or normal weight, 34.3% were overweight and 24.3% were obese. Of the total participants, 85.2% learned about the "Fighting-Obesity Campaign" through television, 28.1% through radio, 11.0% from newspapers, 6.0% from billboards, and 19.2% from other sources. This study revealed that 28.5% of the participants adopted desired behavioural changes after exposure to the campaign. Logistic regression results demonstrated that behaviour change is greater among women, individuals living in urban settings, group of persons approving public spots, obese individuals, and among the 20-39 age group. CONCLUSION Media campaigns may cause behavioural changes by increasing motivation to prevent obesity within the target population. Con- tinuing these campaigns can lead to success at the national level.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tyakht AV, Kostryukova ES, Popenko AS, Belenikin MS, Pavlenko AV, Larin AK, Karpova IY, Selezneva OV, Semashko TA, Ospanova EA, Babenko VV, Maev IV, Cheremushkin SV, Kucheryavyy YA, Shcherbakov PL, Grinevich VB, Efimov OI, Sas EI, Abdulkhakov RA, Abdulkhakov SR, Lyalyukova EA, Livzan MA, Vlassov VV, Sagdeev RZ, Tsukanov VV, Osipenko MF, Kozlova IV, Tkachev AV, Sergienko VI, Alexeev DG, Govorun VM. Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2469. [PMID: 24036685 PMCID: PMC3778515 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial community of the human gut has a crucial role in sustaining host homeostasis. High-throughput DNA sequencing has delineated the structural and functional configurations of gut metagenomes in world populations. The microbiota of the Russian population is of particular interest to researchers, because Russia encompasses a uniquely wide range of environmental conditions and ethnogeographical cohorts. Here we conduct a shotgun metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota samples from 96 healthy Russian adult subjects, which reveals novel microbial community structures. The communities from several rural regions display similarities within each region and are dominated by the bacterial taxa associated with the healthy gut. Functional analysis shows that the metabolic pathways exhibiting differential abundance in the novel types are primarily associated with the trade-off between the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. The specific signatures of the Russian gut microbiota are likely linked to the host diet, cultural habits and socioeconomic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Tyakht
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dearth-Wesley T, Popkin BM, Ng SW. Estimated and forecasted trends in domain specific time-use and energy expenditure among adults in Russia. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:11. [PMID: 24475868 PMCID: PMC3931326 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination of historical trends and projections in estimated energy expenditure in Russia is important given the country's economic downturns and growth. METHODS Nationally representative data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) from 1995-2011 was used to determine the metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-hours per week from occupational, domestic, travel, and active leisure physical activity (PA) domains, as well as sedentary leisure time (hours per week) among adults 18-60 years. Additionally, we projected what these values would be like in 2020 and 2030 if observed trends continue. RESULTS Among male adults, the largest contributor to total PA was occupational PA followed by travel PA. In contrast, domestic PA followed by occupational PA contributed most to total PA among female adults. Total PA was 282.9 MET-hours per week in 1995 and declined to 231.7 in 2011. Total PA is projected to decrease to 216.5 MET-hours per week in 2020 and to 193.0 MET-hours per week in 2030. The greatest relative declines are occurring in travel PA. Female adults are also exhibiting significant declines in domestic PA. Changes in occupational and active leisure PA are less distinct. CONCLUSIONS Policies and initiatives are needed to counteract the long-term decline of overall physical activity linked with a modernizing lifestyle and economy among Russian adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Wen Ng
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nandi A, Sweet E, Kawachi I, Heymann J, Galea S. Associations between macrolevel economic factors and weight distributions in low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis of 200,000 adults in 40 countries. Am J Public Health 2013; 104:e162-71. [PMID: 24228649 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined associations between macrolevel economic factors hypothesized to drive changes in distributions of weight and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of 200,796 men and women from 40 low- and middle-income countries. METHODS We used meta-regressions to describe ecological associations between macrolevel factors and mean BMIs across countries. Multilevel regression was used to assess the relation between macrolevel economic characteristics and individual odds of underweight and overweight relative to normal weight. RESULTS In multilevel analyses adjusting for individual-level characteristics, a 1-standard-deviation increase in trade liberalization was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76, 0.99), 17% (95% CI = 0.71, 0.96), 13% (95% CI = 0.76, 1.00), and 14% (95% CI = 0.75, 0.99) lower odds of underweight relative to normal weight among rural men, rural women, urban men, and urban women, respectively. Economic development was consistently associated with higher odds of overweight relative to normal weight. Among rural men, a 1-standard-deviation increase in foreign direct investment was associated with 17% (95% CI = 1.02, 1.35) higher odds of overweight relative to normal weight. CONCLUSIONS Macrolevel economic factors may be implicated in global shifts in epidemiological patterns of weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nandi
- Arijit Nandi and Jody Heymann are with the Institute for Health and Social Policy and the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Elizabeth Sweet is with the Center on Social Disparities and Health, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Ichiro Kawachi is with the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Sandro Galea is with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which child dietary patterns and trends are changing globally. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Diets of children 2 to 19 years of age were studied with nationally representative data from Russia and the United States, nationwide data from China, and regional data from metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were examined at several points in time to examine trends in calories consumed away from home, snacking behavior, and soft drink and modern fast food consumption. Urban-rural trends were compared. RESULTS U.S. and Cebu youth consume more than one-third of their daily calories and a higher proportion of snack calories from foods prepared away from home. In contrast, away from home food consumption is minimal in Chinese and Russian children. U.S. and Cebu youth consume about one-fifth of their total daily energy from snacks, but snacks provide a much lower proportion of energy in Russia ( approximately 16%) and China (where snacks provide only approximately 1% of energy). Fast food plays a much more dominant role in the American diet ( approximately 20% of energy vs. 2% to 7% in the other countries), but as yet does not contribute substantially to children's diets in the other countries. Urban-rural differences were found to be important, but narrowing over time, for China and Cebu, whereas they are widening for Russia. DISCUSSION This research suggests that globalization of the fast food and other modern food sectors is beginning to affect child eating patterns in several countries undergoing nutrition transition. However, the contribution of fast food and soft drinks to the diet of children remains relatively small in China, Russia, and Cebu, Philippines, relative to the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 123 W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
There is a global obesity pandemic. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men and women varies greatly within and between countries, and overall, more women are obese than men. These gender disparities in overweight and obesity are exacerbated among women in developing countries, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Yet, in developed countries, more men are overweight than women. Current knowledge suggests that myriad sociocultural dynamics throughout the world exacerbate gender disparities in excess weight gain. Different contextual factors drive gender differences in food consumption, and women often report consuming healthier foods, yet may consume more sugar-laden foods, than men. Acculturation, through complex sociocultural pathways, affects weight gain among both men and women. The nutrition transition taking place in many developing countries has also affected excess weight gain among both genders, but has had an even greater impact on the physical activity levels of women. Furthermore, in some countries, cultural values favor larger body size among women or men as a sign of fertility, healthfulness, or prosperity. As the global obesity pandemic continues, more research on gender disparities in overweight and obesity will improve the understanding of this pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kanter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Benjamin Caballero
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Baltimore, MD, and
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cockerham WC. The intersection of life expectancy and gender in a transitional state: the case of Russia. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2012; 34:943-957. [PMID: 22497700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the gender-related features of the health crisis in Russia which has produced the largest gender gap in life expectancy in the world. Stress and negative health lifestyles are the two most likely causes of the long-term adverse longevity pattern in Russia. However, this development cannot be clarified by a simple cause and effect explanation. This is because gender roles and gender-based normative behaviour, along with class influences, intervened to help shape outcomes. Men and women responded to the crisis along gender lines, with stress the best single explanation for a stunted longevity for females and negative health lifestyles accounting for much of the premature mortality among males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C Cockerham
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
SECULAR TRENDS IN BODY COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN BOYS AGED 3–18 FROM KRAKOW, POLAND, WITHIN THE LAST 30 YEARS (FROM 1983 TO 2010). J Biosoc Sci 2012; 45:111-34. [DOI: 10.1017/s0021932012000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the changes in body composition (fatness and muscle and bone mass) and BMI in three cohorts of boys living in Krakow, Poland, over the last 30 years, and to assess how overweight and obesity frequencies have developed over the period. The anthropological survey was conducted in 2010, and comprised 1863 boys from Krakow aged 3–18 years. The analysis compared the latest measurements of selected skinfold thicknesses, BMI, total body muscle mass and bone mass with the results of surveys from 1983 (N=1934) and 2000 (N=2323). The frequency of overweight and obesity was assessed for the last survey series, and their trends determined for the years 1983–2000 and 2000–2010. The analysis of fat tissue distribution showed that the boys from the 2010 cohort, as compared with those examined in 2000, had a higher trunk adiposity, as manifested by greater thickness of subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and boasted a larger muscle mass and lower bone mass. The survey results also showed that, from 1983 to 2000, the percentage of overweight boys increased slightly (from 11.69% to 12.48%), whereas the frequency of obesity did not change. Over the last decade, the percentage of overweight people has increased to 15.94%, and the frequency of obesity has doubled, equalling 4.94% in 2010. The last decade has seen a minor trend in boys towards increased trunk adiposity, muscle mass, BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity, and a slight decrease in bone mass.
Collapse
|
19
|
Watson K, Roberts B, Chow C, Goryakin Y, Rotman D, Gasparishvili A, Haerpfer C, McKee M. Micro- and meso-level influences on obesity in the former Soviet Union: a multi-level analysis. Eur J Public Health 2012; 23:291-8. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
20
|
Jahns L, Adair L, Mroz T, Popkin BM. The declining prevalence of overweight among Russian children: income, diet, and physical activity behavior changes. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2012; 10:139-146. [PMID: 21840274 PMCID: PMC3268832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the relationships among income, diet, physical activity behaviors and overweight among Russian children during a period of economic upheaval. Subjects include 2151 schoolchildren aged 7-13 derived from cross-sectional waves of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Surveys in 1995 and in 2002. Diet was assessed by 24-h recall and physical activity (h/week) and household income by parental questionnaire. Hours spent in vigorous activities were low (1.0-1.5 h/week), and time spent in sedentary behaviors increased from 31 to 37 h/week between 1995 and 2002. In 1995 there was a direct relationship of income to energy and fat intake, and time spent in vigorous activity, and an inverse relationship of income to h/week spent in moderate activities (such as walking to school). The effect of having low income parents was less in 2002 than in 1995. Overweight prevalence did not differ significantly by income in either year, but there was a significant decline in overweight among high income children. Only hours spent in moderate physical activity was moderately protective against overweight. Income disparities do not explain trends in overweight among Russian children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jahns
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, CB # 8120 University Square, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rtveladze K, Marsh T, Webber L, Kilpi F, Goryakin Y, Kontsevaya A, Starodubova A, McPherson K, Brown M. Obesity trends in Russia. The impact on health and healthcare costs. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.412a212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Staudigel M. How (much) do food prices contribute to obesity in Russia? ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2011; 9:133-147. [PMID: 21146477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High BMI and obesity contribute to the Russian health crisis. Previous studies have shown that weight status varies along socioeconomic lines but remains largely unaffected by economic shocks over time. This study is the first that explicitly analyses the impact of food prices on adult BMI and obesity in the Russian Federation. Using panel data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey from 1994 to 2005, that included 10,551 urban respondents over 18 years, a reduced form weight demand function is estimated. Controlling for individual heterogeneity by a fixed-effects model, price-weight elasticities are derived. The main result is that food prices are not the essential determinants of BMI and obesity in Russia. Elasticities of BMI with respect to single food prices are low and show absolute values smaller than 0.01. However, some products like chicken meat, milk, onions and butter show significant price effects on body mass. A 20% increase in the price of chicken meat would cause a reduction in body weight of 112 g on average. In contrast to the United States, it is mainly high-income households that show significant weight reactions to food prices in Russia. Separate regressions by gender showed significant effects of milk and butter prices on male BMI and of onion prices on female BMI. The risk of being obese is even less affected by price.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Staudigel
- Institute of Agricultural Policy and Market Research, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, Singh GM, Gutierrez HR, Lu Y, Bahalim AN, Farzadfar F, Riley LM, Ezzati M. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants. Lancet 2011; 377:557-67. [PMID: 21295846 PMCID: PMC4472365 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2846] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. METHODS We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (960 country-years and 9·1 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean BMI by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative. FINDINGS Between 1980 and 2008, mean BMI worldwide increased by 0·4 kg/m(2) per decade (95% uncertainty interval 0·2-0·6, posterior probability of being a true increase >0·999) for men and 0·5 kg/m(2) per decade (0·3-0·7, posterior probability >0·999) for women. National BMI change for women ranged from non-significant decreases in 19 countries to increases of more than 2·0 kg/m(2) per decade (posterior probabilities >0·99) in nine countries in Oceania. Male BMI increased in all but eight countries, by more than 2 kg/m(2) per decade in Nauru and Cook Islands (posterior probabilities >0·999). Male and female BMIs in 2008 were highest in some Oceania countries, reaching 33·9 kg/m(2) (32·8-35·0) for men and 35·0 kg/m(2) (33·6-36·3) for women in Nauru. Female BMI was lowest in Bangladesh (20·5 kg/m(2), 19·8-21·3) and male BMI in Democratic Republic of the Congo 19·9 kg/m(2) (18·2-21·5), with BMI less than 21·5 kg/m(2) for both sexes in a few countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and east, south, and southeast Asia. The USA had the highest BMI of high-income countries. In 2008, an estimated 1·46 billion adults (1·41-1·51 billion) worldwide had BMI of 25 kg/m(2) or greater, of these 205 million men (193-217 million) and 297 million women (280-315 million) were obese. INTERPRETATION Globally, mean BMI has increased since 1980. The trends since 1980, and mean population BMI in 2008, varied substantially between nations. Interventions and policies that can curb or reverse the increase, and mitigate the health effects of high BMI by targeting its metabolic mediators, are needed in most countries. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel M Finucane
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tekkel M, Veideman T, Rahu M. Changes over Fourteen Years in Adult Obesity in Estonia: Socioeconomic Status and Use of Outpatient Health Services. Cent Eur J Public Health 2010; 18:186-91. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Dellava JE, Bulik CM, Popkin BM. Price changes alone are not adequate to produce long-term dietary change. J Nutr 2010; 140:1887-91. [PMID: 20724493 PMCID: PMC2937578 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.125419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxation has been proposed as a means to reduce consumption of unhealthy food items. However, it is unknown if taxation without regulations or other activities known to shift eating behaviors lead to long-term dietary change. This unexplored issue is examined using data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Data were from adults aged 25-55 y who participated in the nationally representative Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls, detailed food expenditure data, and community-level food prices collected over 1994-2005 were used for these analyses. Longitudinal random effects models were used to test the relation of time on the structure of diet while controlling for total household expenditures. The proportion of total energy consumed from fat was higher in all other years combined compared with 1998 (P < 0.001). The proportion of dietary fat from high-fat meat and high-fat dairy items were lowest in 1998 and increased over subsequent years despite increasing costs. Percent fat from fats and oils continued to decline with rising costs. Price changes led to substantial shifts in the structure of food consumption. However, except for the most expensive items, consumption of items returned to levels consumed in the former Soviet Union following price stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry and,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Robinson WR, Stevens J, Kaufman JS, Gordon-Larsen P. The role of adolescent behaviors in the female-male disparity in obesity incidence in US black and white young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1429-36. [PMID: 19875993 PMCID: PMC2888698 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, black women are at much greater risk for obesity than black men. We explored whether adolescent behaviors (family dinners, hours of television, playing sports with mother, playing sports with father, bouts of physical activity) were associated with gender disparity in 6-year obesity incidence in young adulthood. We used data from the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine adolescent behaviors in nonimmigrant black (n = 1,503) and white (n = 4,452) youths in 1994-95 (aged 11-19 years) and 1995-96 (aged 12-20). We assessed gender disparity in obesity incidence (female incidence minus male incidence) during young adulthood (2001-02; aged 18-26). Standardized gender disparities were calculated using race- and gender-stratified, covariate-adjusted logistic regression models in which males and females were set to the same distributions of adolescent behaviors. In adolescence, black females reported less leisure-time physical activity and lower likelihood of playing sports with either parent compared with black males. Setting adolescent behaviors equal for black males and females did not reduce the estimated gender disparity in obesity incidence (nonstandardized: 9.8 percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5, 15.1); fully standardized: 10.2 percentage points (5.2, 15.2)). There was little gender disparity in whites before or after adjustments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine to what extent behavioral differences during adolescence might account for gender disparity in obesity incidence in black young adults. Male-female differences in these adolescent behaviors did not appear to underlie the gender gap in young adult obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney R Robinson
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Misra A, Singhal N, Khurana L. Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Role of Dietary Fats and Oils. J Am Coll Nutr 2010; 29:289S-301S. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
28
|
Boylan S, Welch A, Pikhart H, Malyutina S, Pajak A, Kubinova R, Bragina O, Simonova G, Stepaniak U, Gilis-Januszewska A, Milla L, Peasey A, Marmot M, Bobak M. Dietary habits in three Central and Eastern European countries: the HAPIEE study. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:439. [PMID: 19951409 PMCID: PMC2791768 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe has often been attributed to poor diet, but individual-level data on nutrition in the region are generally not available. This paper describes the methods of dietary assessment and presents preliminary findings on food and nutrient intakes in large general population samples in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. METHODS The HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study examined random samples of men and women aged 45-69 years at baseline in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and six Czech urban centres in 2002-2005. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (at least 136 items); complete dietary information was available for 26,870 persons. RESULTS Total energy intakes among men ranged between 8.7 MJ in the Czech sample and 11.7 MJ in the Russian sample, while among women, energy intakes ranged between 8.2 MJ in the Czech sample and 9.8 MJ in the Russian sample. A Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), ranging from a score of 0 (lowest) to 7 (highest), was developed using the World Health Organisation's (WHO) guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases. The mean HDI scores were low, ranging from 1.0 (SD = 0.7) among the Polish subjects to 1.7 (SD = 0.8) among the Czech females. Very few subjects met the WHO recommended intakes for complex carbohydrates, pulses or nuts; intakes of saturated fatty acids, sugar and protein were too high. Only 16% of Polish subjects met the WHO recommendation for polyunsaturated fat intake. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was lower than recommended, especially among those Russian subjects who were assessed during the low intake season. Fewer than 65% of subjects consumed adequate amounts of calcium, magnesium and potassium, when compared with the United Kingdom's Reference Nutrient Intake. CONCLUSION This first large scale study of individual-based dietary intakes in the general population in Eastern Europe implies that intakes of saturated fat, sugar and complex carbohydrates are a cause for concern. The development of country-specific nutritional tools must be encouraged and nutritional campaigns must undergo continuing development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Boylan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iversen PO, Ukrainchenko E, Afanasyev B, Hulbekkmo K, Choukah A, Gulbrandsen N, WislØff F, Tangen JM. Impaired nutritional status during intensive chemotherapy in Russian and Norwegian cohorts with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1916-24. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802339723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Ott JJ, Paltiel AM, Becher H. Noncommunicable disease mortality and life expectancy in immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union: country of origin compared with host country. Bull World Health Organ 2009; 87:20-9. [PMID: 19197401 DOI: 10.2471/blt.07.045138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of country of origin effects and of adjustment and selection processes by comparing noncommunicable disease mortality and life expectancy among migrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union (FSU) with noncommunicable disease mortality and life expectancy among Israelis and the population of the Russian Federation. METHODS Data from 926,870 FSU-immigrants who migrated to Israel between 1990 and 2003 (study cohort) were analysed. Life expectancy was calculated for the study cohort, all Israelis, and the population of the Russian Federation. Age-standardized death rates were calculated for grouped causes of death. FSU immigrants were additionally compared with other Israelis and with inhabitants of the Russian Federation using cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). FINDINGS Life expectancy at age 15 years in 2000-2003 was 61.0 years for male and 67.0 years for female FSU immigrants to Israel. Age-standardized death rates for FSU immigrants in Israel were similar to those of other Israelis and much lower than those of inhabitants of the Russian Federation. Relative to Israelis, the study cohort had a higher SMR for neoplasms, and particularly for stomach cancer. Mortality from brain cancer was higher when immigrants were compared to the Russian Federation (SMR: 1.71, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.50-1.94 for males; SMR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.56-2.02 for females), whereas mortality from stomach cancer was lower among immigrants relative to the Russian Federation (SMR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.40-0.47 for males; SMR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.52-0.61 for females). Mortality from external causes was lower among immigrants relative to the population of the Russian Federation (SMR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.19-0.21 for males; SMR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.33-0.37 for females) but significantly higher relative to other Israelis (SMR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.35-1.47 for males; SMR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15). CONCLUSION Noncommunicable disease mortality among FSU immigrants to Israel is lower than in the population of the Russian Federation. Mortality rates in FSU immigrants, particularly from circulatory diseases, have rapidly adjusted and have become similar to those of the destination country. However, immigrants from the FSU have considerably higher mortality than other Israelis from external causes and some noncommunicable diseases such as cancer. Mortality rates in these diaspora migrants show a mixed picture of rapid assimilation together with persistent country of origin effects, as well as the effects of adjustment hardships.
Collapse
|
31
|
Psychological distress and dietary patterns in eight post-Soviet republics. Appetite 2009; 53:24-33. [PMID: 19394381 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological distress and dietary consumption patterns in the former Soviet Union. Data are cross-sectional and were collected in 2001 from a large representative sample (n = 18,428) of respondents age 18 years and over in eight former Soviet republics. Sociodemographic covariates and psychological distress predictors were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression models to estimate multivariate correlations with the frequency of meat, fish, vegetable, fruit, and animal fat consumption among men and women in these eight regions. Results show that psychological distress exhibits statistically significant, negative associations with all dietary consumption indicators for both men and women. Social class predictors display consistent positive correlations with food consumption outcomes, emphasizing the potential importance of this concept in the dynamic relationship between diet and psychological distress. Higher reported levels of psychological distress are associated with the less frequent consumption of all types of food products in this analysis. Several possible interpretations are discussed, and we explore the probable multidimensional theoretical mechanisms that can help explain the complex relationships among distress, food insecurity, and dietary patterns in these eight republics of the former USSR. The general and practical significance of these findings is also discussed, along with suggested directions for future research and potential dietary intervention strategies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Neville J. Rigby
- Neville Rigby and Associates, London, UK
- *Dr. Neville James Rigby, (formerly Director of Policy and Public Affairs, IASO), Neville Rigby & Associates, 4 Moreton Place, London SW1V 2NP, UK, Tel. +44 2079766447,
| | - Manfred J. Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dickerson T, Fernandez D, Topgyal, Samen A, Gelek, Nyima, Pelto G, Craig S, Dye T. From Butter Tea to Pepsi®: A Rapid Appraisal of Food Preferences, Procurement Sources & Dietary Diversity in a Contemporary Tibetan Township. Ecol Food Nutr 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03670240701781861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity is increasing in transitional countries, but extensive data on some countries, such as Bulgaria, are still lacking. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, relative to gender and income, among adults in Sofia, Bulgaria. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey to collect data on diet, health, BMI and income using a brief questionnaire on diet and income. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance to determine differences within and between income and gender groups. SETTING Sofia, Bulgaria. SUBJECTS Adults living in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria. RESULTS For adults 30-60 years of age, 35.1 % were overweight and 6.2 % were obese. The proportion of overweight and obesity was higher among men than women (44.8 % v. 32.4 % and 6.0 % v. 4.7 %, respectively). With respect to income, BMI decreased as income increased. For men, BMI was highest for the lowest and highest income groups, whereas for women lower income was associated with a higher BMI. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be an emerging problem in some sectors of Bulgarian society, based on our data from the largest urban area of the country. These data provide new information on the divergence in health and disease risk in a country that is still economically challenged and may be facing the nutrition transition.
Collapse
|
35
|
Huffman SK, Rizov M. Determinants of obesity in transition economies: the case of Russia. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2007; 5:379-91. [PMID: 17702676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines human obesity, measured as weight and body mass index (BMI), and its determinants in Russia. Obesity increased dramatically during transition from a planned to a market economy, by 38%. We determine the factors contributing to rising obesity using individual level data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 1994 and 2004. We find a strong positive effect of diet/caloric intake and a strong negative effect of smoking on weight and BMI. Gender, education, and income are other major determinants of obesity. Our analysis provides information on dietary patterns and other determinants of obesity in Russia which is essential for formulation and implementation of effective policies designed to reduce the problem and improve the health of the population.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Snodgrass JJ, Sorensen MV, Tarskaia LA, Leonard WR. Adaptive dimensions of health research among indigenous Siberians. Am J Hum Biol 2007; 19:165-80. [PMID: 17286259 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Present evidence suggests that modern humans were the first hominid species to successfully colonize high-latitude environments (> or =55 degrees N). Given evidence for a recent (<200,000 years) lower latitude naissance of modern humans, the global dispersal and successful settlement of arctic and subarctic regions represent an unprecedented adaptive shift. This adaptive shift, which included cultural, behavioral, and biological dimensions, allowed human populations to cope with the myriad environmental stressors encountered in circumpolar regions. Although unique morphological and physiological adaptations among contemporary northern residents have been recognized for decades, human biologists are only now beginning to consider whether biological adaptations to regional environmental conditions influence health changes associated with economic modernization and lifestyle change. Recent studies have documented basal metabolic rates (BMRs) among indigenous Siberian populations that are systematically elevated compared to lower latitude groups; this metabolic elevation apparently is a physiological adaptation to cold stress experienced in the circumpolar environment. Important health implications of metabolic adaptation are suggested by research with the Yakut (Sakha), Evenki, and Buriat of Siberia. BMR is significantly positively correlated with blood pressure, independently of body size, body composition, and various potentially confounding variables (e.g., age and smoking). Further, this research has documented a significant negative association between BMR and LDL cholesterol, which remains after controlling for potential confounders; this suggests that high metabolic turnover among indigenous Siberians has a protective effect with regard to plasma lipid levels. These results underscore the importance of incorporating an evolutionary approach into health research among northern populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shpilko I. Russian-American health care: bridging the communication gap between physicians and patients. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2006; 64:331-41. [PMID: 16859861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this article are two-fold: (1) to gather in one place reliable information about Russian-Americans' past medical practices and their current outlook on health care and to provide health care professionals with an overview of the major afflictions suffered by this ethnic group; and (2) to educate Russian-speaking patients about the American heath care system and social services geared towards immigrants by locating and evaluating free, culturally appropriate patient education Web sites available in Russian. METHODS In order to draw data on specific diseases and conditions affecting the Russian-speaking population, the author searched various scholarly health-related electronic databases. A number of well-established U.S. government consumer-health Web sites were searched to locate patient education resources that can be utilized by recent Russian immigrants. RESULTS The author provides an overview of the major health problems encountered by the Russian-speaking population before emigration and potential health concerns for Russian immigrant communities. In addition, the author provides a scholarly exploration of patient education materials available in Russian. CONCLUSION In this increasingly diverse society, physicians are faced with the challenge of providing culturally sensitive health care. Multicultural Web-based health resources can serve as a valuable tool for reducing communication barriers between patients and health care providers, thus improving the delivery of quality health care services. Recommendations for further research are indicated. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The author offers recommendations for practitioners serving Russian-speaking immigrants. Suggestions on utilization of Web resources are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Shpilko
- Queens College, City University of New York, Benjamin Rosenthal Library, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ivanova L, Dimitrov P, Ovcharova D, Dellava J, Hoffman DJ. Economic transition and household food consumption: a study of Bulgaria from 1985 to 2002. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2006; 4:383-97. [PMID: 16987718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Major economic transitions typically entail changes in the availability of and purchasing power for different types of foods leading to long-term changes in the composition of the diet. Bulgaria, a former Eastern Bloc country, underwent a difficult and protracted transition from a centralized to market economy with acute economic crises and a much slower recovery of income levels than in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Using annual data from the Bulgarian National Household Survey, we study changes in the reported consumption of major foods (excluding alcoholic drinks) and their constituent macronutrients from 1985 to 2002, examining also the differences in dietary patterns between the period prior to and following the transition. The consumption of most major food items decreased, resulting in a fall in per capita energy consumption of 429 kcal/day (1.80 MJ/d), following the economic transition of 1991. As expected, the consumption of foods that were more expensive per unit of energy decreased greater than cheaper foods, -34% for animal products and -19% for visible fats, but only -10% for carbohydrates. These changes are related to the changes in income and market prices as well as the general negative trend in economic growth and hyperinflation in the mid-1990s. Thus, Bulgaria experienced a decrease in food consumption without significant changes in the dietary pattern following the economic transition of 1991. The fact that part of this decline may be attributed to continued economic challenges suggests that future transitions in the diet may be expected as economic development proceeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Ivanova
- National Center of Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Snodgrass JJ, Leonard WR, Sorensen MV, Tarskaia LA, Alekseev VP, Krivoshapkin V. The emergence of obesity among indigenous Siberians. J Physiol Anthropol 2006; 25:75-84. [PMID: 16617212 DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.25.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered a disease of affluence and confined to industrialized nations, obesity is currently emerging as a major health concern in nearly every country in the world. Available data suggest that the prevalence rate of obesity has reached unprecedented levels in most developing countries, and is increasing at a rate that far outpaces that of developed nations. This increase in obesity has also been documented among North American circumpolar populations and is associated with lifestyle changes related to economic development. While obesity has not been well studied among indigenous Siberians, recent anthropological studies indicate that obesity and its associated comorbidities are important health problems.The present study examines recent adult body composition data from four indigenous Siberian populations (Evenki, Ket, Buriat, and Yakut) with two main objectives: 1) to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among these groups, and 2) to assess the influence of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on the development of excess body fat. The results of this study indicate that obesity has emerged as an important health issue among indigenous Siberians, and especially for women, whose obesity rates are considerably higher than those of men (12% vs. 7%). The present study investigated the association between lifestyle and body composition among the Yakut, and documented substantial sex differences in lifestyle correlates of obesity. Yakut men with higher incomes and who owned more luxury consumer goods were more likely to have excess body fat while, among Yakut women, affluence was not strongly associated with overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Josh Snodgrass
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liese AD, Hirsch T, von Mutius E, Weiland SK. Burden of overweight in Germany: prevalence differences between former East and West German children. Eur J Public Health 2006; 16:526-31. [PMID: 16672249 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight, we aimed to quantify the population burden and evaluate potential regional differences in anthropometric characteristics and prevalence of overweight in fourth graders in two German cities. METHODS Data were analysed from a cross-sectional school-based study conducted in 1995-96 in Dresden (former East Germany) and Munich (former West Germany) as part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Height and weight of the children were measured, and the parents completed a questionnaire. 2474 children age 9-10 years provided anthropometric data. Overweight was defined based on the age-specific and gender-specific international cut-off values for body mass index. RESULTS Dresden children were on average 1.2 kg lighter and >1 cm taller than their Munich peers. The prevalence of overweight in Dresden was 15.2% in girls and 14.2% in boys compared with 24 and 22.2%, respectively, in Munich. Differences were observed between Dresden and Munich with respect to the proportion of children of non-German nationality, household smoking, breastfeeding practices, and individual dietary behaviours. Even in combination these factors were not able to explain entirely the between-city overweight differences. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of pre-adolescent children in Germany is now considered overweight with marked regional differences in prevalence. Comparison of population-level factors indicate that other unmeasured determinants of overweight may be responsible for the marked differences in the prevalence of overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stillman S. Health and nutrition in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union during the decade of transition: a review of the literature. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2006; 4:104-46. [PMID: 15890565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The collapse of the Soviet Union was the most important historical event at the close of the 20th century. The jarring nature of this transition has resulted in large fluctuations in household resources and increased uncertainty in all facets of life for the individuals concerned. Much academic research and popular writing has explored the socioeconomic and political ramifications of bringing these countries into mainstream capitalism. This paper provides a review of the literature examining health outcomes in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union during the transition period. The research, which has studied the human face of transition, spans multiple disciplines and it is thus currently difficult for interested researchers to obtain an overview of the basic facts, as well as, the more detailed nuances, concerning developments. This paper highlights what we currently know about health outcomes in transition countries and what we do not know, and suggests future areas of research which may help fill important gaps in our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stillman
- Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Level 1, 93 Cuba Street, PO Box 24390, Wellington, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chew F, Palmer S. Television health promotion in four countries. Nutrition 2005; 21:634-8. [PMID: 15850972 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research plan was to conduct a comparative, longitudinal field experiment in Russia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland to evaluate the effect of a nutritional and general health promotion television series. The series addressed four health topics: a healthy diet, avoidance of tobacco use and alcohol abuse, and enhanced physical activity. METHODS Because of different infrastructure and contingency conditions in the four countries, data collection ranged from group-administered surveys at a central location to individual personal interviews using a quasi-experiment comparing viewers and non-viewers 18 y and older. It occurred between 1996 and 1998. RESULTS Overall, the television programs were found to provide new, useful, and practical information to viewers. Most (53.4% to 64.0%) learned useful information. Nearly 33% or more (29.5% to 37.9%) intended to change their lifestyle, with about 25% or more (24.0% to 60.2%) of this group indicating that they would eat more fruits and vegetables. Subsequently, 16.7% to 45.0% reported actual dietary changes consistent with health promotion. CONCLUSIONS The study addressed diet and nutritional patterns in this region and the underlying social and behavioral factors, topics on which there is very limited information. Methodologic equivalence was sought through consistent measures despite the differential research infrastructure in the four countries. Results indicated that viewers rated the nutritional and general health promotion television programs favorably and that media messages can be used to motivate and educate viewers. More sustained television programs focused on health promotion will benefit audiences in Central and Eastern Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Chew
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
In response to an accelerating obesity pandemic, competing weight-loss diets have propagated; those touting carbohydrate restriction are currently most in vogue. Evidence that sustainable weight loss is enhanced by means other than caloric restriction, however, is lacking. Whereas short-term weight loss is consistently achieved by any dietary approach to the restriction of choice and thereby calories, lasting weight control is not. Competing dietary claims imply that fundamental knowledge of dietary pattern and human health is lacking; an extensive literature belies this notion. The same dietary and lifestyle pattern conducive to health promotion is consistently associated with weight control. A bird's eye view of the literature on diet and weight reveals a forest otherwise difficult to discern through the trees. Competing diet claims are diverting attention and resources from what is actually and urgently needed: a dedicated and concerted effort to make the basic dietary pattern known to support both health and weight control more accessible to all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Katz
- Yale Prevention Research Center, Derby, Connecticut 06418, USA.
| |
Collapse
|