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Dehnavi Z, Barghchi H, Esfehani AJ, Barati M, Khorasanchi Z, Farsi F, Ostad AN, Ranjbar G, Rezvani R, Gorgani MR, Safarian M. Animal and plant-based proteins have different postprandial effects on energy expenditure, glycemia, insulinemia, and lipemia: A review of controlled clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4398-4408. [PMID: 37576026 PMCID: PMC10420774 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary proteins have been shown to stimulate thermogenesis, increase satiety, and improve insulin sensitivity in the short and long term. Animal-based proteins (AP) and plant-based proteins (PP) have different amino acid profiles, bioavailability, and digestibility, so it seems to have various short- and long-term effects on metabolic responses. This review aimed to compare the findings of controlled clinical trials on postprandial effects of dietary Aps versus PPs on energy expenditure (EE), lipemia, glycemia, and insulinemia. Data are inconclusive regarding the postprandial effects of APs and PPs. However, there is some evidence indicating that APs increase postprandial EE, DIT, and SO more than PPs. With lipemia and glycemia, most studies showed that APs reduce or delay postprandial glycemia and lipemia and increase insulinemia more than PPs. The difference in amino acid composition, digestion and absorption rate, and gastric emptying rate between APs and PPs explains this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehnavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory SciencesNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Farima Farsi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)MashhadIran
| | | | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mitra Rezaie Gorgani
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CentreMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Dehnavi Z, Esfehani AJ, Hajhoseini O, Barghchi H, Yazdi AG, Khorasanchi Z, Shadnoush M, Rezvani R, Esmaily H, Safarian M. Postprandial effects of dietary protein source on metabolic responses, appetite, and arterial stiffness indices in overweight and obese men: the study protocol for a randomized crossover clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:415. [PMID: 37337271 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different dietary protein sources are supposed to have various effects on metabolic responses and arterial stiffness in the postprandial period. This study aims to assess the postprandial effects of dietary protein sources, including animal-based protein (AP) and plant-based protein (PP), as part of a high-protein breakfast on appetite response, energy metabolism, and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men. METHODS This acute randomized crossover clinical trial will be conducted at the Persian study research center at Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated with the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, located in the northeast of Iran. Forty-six healthy overweight, and obese men aged 18-60 years will be enrolled based on the eligibility criteria. The subjects will complete two interventions (high-protein AP and PP meals) with 1 week washout period. The primary outcome will be the acute effect of the two test meals on appetite response, energy metabolism parameters, including resting metabolism rate (RMR), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), and substrate oxidation (SO), and arterial stiffness indices, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse wave analysis (PWA). The secondary outcomes include changes in lipemia, glycemia, and insulinemia. DISCUSSION The findings of this study will provide novel insight regarding the acute effects of different protein sources on energy metabolism, appetite, and arterial stiffness as a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. It will help dieticians develop effective and efficient meal plans to improve weight reduction and maintenance in overweight/obese individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; code: IRCT20211230053570N1; registered on February 10, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehnavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Omolbanin Hajhoseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Ghannadzadeh Yazdi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Campus, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran.
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O'Connor LE, Kim JE, Clark CM, Zhu W, Campbell WW. Effects of Total Red Meat Intake on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:115-127. [PMID: 32910818 PMCID: PMC7850054 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of total red meat (TRM) intake on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers using randomized controlled trials of individuals free from cardiometabolic disease. We hypothesized that higher TRM intake would negatively influence glycemic control and inflammation based on positive correlations between TRM and diabetes. We found 24 eligible articles (median duration, 8 weeks) from 1172 articles searched in PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL up to August 2019 that included 1) diet periods differing in TRM; 2) participants aged ≥19 years; 3) included either men or women who were not pregnant/lactating; 4) no diagnosed cardiometabolic disease; and 5) data on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), or cytokines. We used 1) a repeated-measures ANOVA to assess pre to post diet period changes; 2) random-effects meta-analyses to compare pre to post changes between diet periods with ≥ vs. <0.5 servings (35g)/day of TRM; and 3) meta-regressions for dose-response relationships. We grouped diet periods to explore heterogeneity sources, including risk of bias, using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment of Controlled Interventions Studies. Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR values decreased, while HbA1c and CRP values did not change during TRM or alternative diet periods. There was no difference in change values between diet periods with ≥ vs. <0.5 servings/day of TRM [weighted mean differences (95% CIs): glucose, 0.040 mmol/L (-0.049, 0.129); insulin, -0.710 pmol/L (-6.582, 5.162); HOMA-IR, 0.110 (-0.072, 0.293); CRP, 2.424 nmol/L (-1.460, 6.309)] and no dose response relationships (P > 0.2). Risk of bias (85% of studies were fair to good) did not influence results. Total red meat consumption, for up to 16 weeks, does not affect changes in biomarkers of glycemic control or inflammation for adults free of, but at risk for, cardiometabolic disease. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as 2018 CRD42018096031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E O'Connor
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA,Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Bozzetto L, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Rivellese AA. Dietary Impact on Postprandial Lipemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32733374 PMCID: PMC7358426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in postprandial lipemia (PPL), particularly those related to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, are considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. As diet is known to be one of the main modulators of PPL, the aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of diet and its components on PPL in humans; specifically, the impact of weight loss, different nutrients (quantity and quality of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), alcohol and other bioactive dietary components (i.e., polyphenols), as well as the effect of different dietary patterns. The possible mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of each dietary component were also discussed.
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Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Lairon D, Maraninchi M, Valéro R. Effect of Nutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Chylomicron Production and Postprandial Lipemia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1299. [PMID: 31181761 PMCID: PMC6627366 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia, which is one of the main characteristics of the atherogenic dyslipidemia with fasting plasma hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase of small and dense low-density lipoproteins is now considered a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Postprandial lipemia, which is mainly related to the increase in chylomicron production, is frequently elevated in individuals at high cardiovascular risk such as obese or overweight patients, type 2 diabetic patients and subjects with a metabolic syndrome who share an insulin resistant state. It is now well known that chylomicron production and thus postprandial lipemia is highly regulated by many factors such as endogenous factors: circulating factors such as hormones or free fatty acids, genetic variants, circadian rhythms, or exogenous factors: food components, dietary supplements and prescription drugs. In this review, we focused on the effect of nutrients, micronutrients and phytochemicals but also on food structure on chylomicron production and postprandial lipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Desmarchelier
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Patrick Borel
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Denis Lairon
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Marie Maraninchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- CHU Conception, APHM (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille), 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - René Valéro
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- CHU Conception, APHM (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille), 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Guasch-Ferré M, Satija A, Blondin SA, Janiszewski M, Emlen E, O’Connor LE, Campbell WW, Hu FB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Red Meat Consumption in Comparison With Various Comparison Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Circulation 2019; 139:1828-1845. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., A.S., S.A.B., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.-F., M.J., E.E., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.)
| | - Ambika Satija
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., A.S., S.A.B., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stacy A. Blondin
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., A.S., S.A.B., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Marie Janiszewski
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.-F., M.J., E.E., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.)
| | - Ester Emlen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.-F., M.J., E.E., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.)
| | - Lauren E. O’Connor
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (L.W.O., W.W.C.)
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (L.W.O., W.W.C.)
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., A.S., S.A.B., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.-F., M.J., E.E., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.)
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., A.S., S.A.B., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.-F., M.J., E.E., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.)
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., A.S., S.A.B., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology (F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.-F., M.J., E.E., F.B.H., W.C.W., M.J.S.)
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Lee SY, Koo BK, Moon MK. Non-fasting triglyceride levels in the Korean population with and without ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:353-364. [PMID: 29132199 PMCID: PMC6406091 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Associations between non-fasting triglyceride (TG) levels and a risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) have been suggested in Caucasians. We aimed to investigate whether non-fasting TG levels reflect the risk of IHD/CVA in Koreans. METHODS We conducted an analysis of patients aged ≥ 30 years from the nationwide survey database. Fasting TG was defined as a measurement taken ≥ 12 hours since the last meal. Non-fasting TG was categorized by fasting duration of 0 to 3, 4 to 7, and 8 to 11 hours. RESULTS In subjects without history of IHD/CVA, diabetes, or lipid-lowering medication, the TG level was significantly elevated for 7 hours in men compared to fasting TG levels (p = 0.011); the mean TG levels were 154.9 mg/dL (standard error [SE], 13.0), 177.0 mg/dL (SE, 12.1), 148.8 mg/dL (SE, 2.8), and 141.5 mg/dL (SE, 1.4) for 0 to 3, 4 to 7, 8 to 11, and ≥12 hours' fasting, respectively. In women, there was no difference in TG level according to fasting duration after adjustment for confounders. In men without diabetes, the TG level from 4 to 7 hours' fasting showed a significant difference between subjects with or without IHD/CVA even after adjustments for age, body mass index, lipid medication, exercise, and dietary factors (215.1 mg/dL vs. 177.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In men, non-fasting TG levels from 4 to 7 hours' fasting were significantly associated with IHD/CVA, and were superior to fasting TG levels level in the significant association with the history of IHD or CVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Min Kyong Moon, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea Tel: +82-2-870-2226 Fax: +82-2-831-2826 E-mail:
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8
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Drouin-Chartier JP, Tremblay AJ, Maltais-Giguère J, Charest A, Guinot L, Rioux LE, Labrie S, Britten M, Lamarche B, Turgeon SL, Couture P. Differential impact of the cheese matrix on the postprandial lipid response: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1358-1365. [PMID: 28978543 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.165027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a simulated gastrointestinal environment, the cheese matrix modulates dairy fat digestion. However, to our knowledge, the impact of the cheese matrix on postprandial lipemia in humans has not yet been evaluated.Objective: In healthy subjects, we compared the impact of dairy fat provided from firm cheese, soft cream cheese, and butter on the postprandial response at 4 h and on the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of plasma triglycerides.Design: Forty-three healthy subjects were recruited to this randomized, crossover, controlled trial. In random order at intervals of 14 d and after a 12-h fast, subjects ingested 33 g fat from a firm cheese (young cheddar), a soft cream cheese (cream cheese), or butter (control) incorporated into standardized meals that were matched for macronutrient content. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides were measured immediately before the meal and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the meal.Results: Cheddar cheese, cream cheese, and butter induced similar increases in triglyceride concentrations at 4 h (change from baseline: +59%, +59%, and +62%, respectively; P = 0.9). No difference in the triglyceride iAUC0-8 h (P-meal = 0.9) was observed between the 3 meals. However, at 2 h, the triglyceride response caused by the cream cheese (change from baseline: +44%) was significantly greater than that induced by butter (change from baseline: +24%; P = 0.002) and cheddar cheese (change from baseline: +16%; P = 0.0004). At 6 h, the triglyceride response induced by cream cheese was significantly attenuated compared with that induced by cheddar cheese (change from baseline: +14% compared with +42%; P = 0.0004).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the cheese matrix modulates the impact of dairy fat on postprandial lipemia in healthy subjects. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02623790.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Léa Guinot
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Steve Labrie
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Michel Britten
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Sylvie L Turgeon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, .,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and.,Lipid Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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9
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Probst Y, Zammit G. Predictors for Reporting of Dietary Assessment Methods in Food-based Randomized Controlled Trials over a Ten-year Period. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.816653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Dietary lipids are efficiently absorbed by the small intestine, incorporated into triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons), and transported in the circulation to various tissues. Intestinal lipid absorption and mobilization and chylomicron synthesis and secretion are highly regulated processes. Elevated chylomicron production rate contributes to the dyslipidemia seen in common metabolic disorders such as insulin-resistant states and type 2 diabetes and likely increases the risk for atherosclerosis seen in these conditions. An in-depth understanding of the regulation of chylomicron production may provide leads for the development of drugs that could be of therapeutic utility in the prevention of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Chylomicron secretion is subject to regulation by various factors, including diet, body weight, genetic variants, hormones, nutraceuticals, medications, and emerging interventions such as bariatric surgical procedures. In this review we discuss the regulation of chylomicron production, mechanisms that underlie chylomicron dysregulation, and potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Dash
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4 Canada;
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11
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Michalski MC, Genot C, Gayet C, Lopez C, Fine F, Joffre F, Vendeuvre JL, Bouvier J, Chardigny JM, Raynal-Ljutovac K. Multiscale structures of lipids in foods as parameters affecting fatty acid bioavailability and lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:354-73. [PMID: 23624223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On a nutritional standpoint, lipids are now being studied beyond their energy content and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Dietary FA are building blocks of a huge diversity of more complex molecules such as triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL), themselves organised in supramolecular structures presenting different thermal behaviours. They are generally embedded in complex food matrixes. Recent reports have revealed that molecular and supramolecular structures of lipids and their liquid or solid state at the body temperature influence both the digestibility and metabolism of dietary FA. The aim of the present review is to highlight recent knowledge on the impact on FA digestion, absorption and metabolism of: (i) the intramolecular structure of TAG; (ii) the nature of the lipid molecules carrying FA; (iii) the supramolecular organization and physical state of lipids in native and formulated food products and (iv) the food matrix. Further work should be accomplished now to obtain a more reliable body of evidence and integrate these data in future dietary recommendations. Additionally, innovative lipid formulations in which the health beneficial effects of either native or recomposed structures of lipids will be taken into account can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Michalski
- INRA, USC1235, INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; CRNH Rhône-Alpes, CENS, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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Xiao C, Lewis GF. Regulation of chylomicron production in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:736-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Peddie MC, Rehrer NJ, Perry TL. Physical activity and postprandial lipidemia: are energy expenditure and lipoprotein lipase activity the real modulators of the positive effect? Prog Lipid Res 2011; 51:11-22. [PMID: 22123195 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the link between elevated cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been based on fasting measurements. This is appropriate for total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, triglyceride concentrations vary considerably throughout the day in response to the regular consumption of food and drink. Recent findings indicate that postprandial triglyceride concentrations independently predict future cardiovascular risk. Potential modulators of postprandial lipidemia include meal composition and physical activity. Early cross sectional studies indicated that physically active individuals had a lower postprandial lipidemic response compared to inactive individuals. However, the effect of physical activity on postprandial lipidemia is an acute phenomenon, which dissipates within 60 h of a single bout of exercise. Total exercise induced energy expenditure, rather than duration or intensity of the physical activity is commonly reported to be a potent modulator of postprandial lipidemia. However, the pooled results of studies in this area suggest that energy expenditure exerts most of its influence on fasting triglyceride concentrations rather than on the incremental change in triglyceride concentrations seen following meal consumption. It seems more likely that energy expenditure is one component of a multifactorial list of mediators that may include local muscle contractile activity, and other yet to be elucidated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Mortensen LS, Hartvigsen ML, Brader LJ, Astrup A, Schrezenmeir J, Holst JJ, Thomsen C, Hermansen K. Differential effects of protein quality on postprandial lipemia in response to a fat-rich meal in type 2 diabetes: comparison of whey, casein, gluten, and cod protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:41-8. [PMID: 19458012 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced and prolonged postprandial triglyceride responses involve increased cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat and carbohydrates profoundly influence postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, whereas little information exists on the effect of proteins. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of the proteins casein, whey, cod, and gluten on postprandial lipid and incretin responses to a high-fat meal in persons with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN A crossover study was conducted in 12 patients with type 2 diabetes. Blood samples were collected over 8 h after ingestion of a test meal containing 100 g butter and 45 g carbohydrate in combination with 45 g casein (Cas-meal), whey (Whe-meal), cod (Cod-meal), or gluten (Glu-meal). We measured plasma concentrations of triglycerides, retinyl palmitate (RP), free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. RESULTS The incremental area under the curve for triglyceride was significantly lower after the Whe-meal than after the other meals. The RP response was lower after the Whe-meal than after the Cas-meal and Cod-meal in the chylomicron-rich fraction and higher after the Whe-meal than after Cod- and Glu-meals in the chylomicron-poor fraction. Free fatty acids were most pronouncedly suppressed after the Whe-meal. The glucose response was lower after the Whe-meal than after the other meals, whereas no significant differences were found in insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide responses. CONCLUSION The data suggest that as a supplement to a fat-rich meal in patients with type 2 diabetes, whey protein seems to outperform other proteins in terms of postprandial lipemia improvement, possibly because of the formation of fewer chylomicrons or increased clearance of chylomicrons. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00817973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene S Mortensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Lairon D. Macronutrient intake and modulation on chylomicron production and clearance. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008; 9:45-8. [PMID: 18595783 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extent and kinetics of postprandial changes are highly variable and are modulated by numerous factors including diet, lifestyle conditions, genetic background and pathological conditions. This review focuses on dietary factors affecting postprandial chylomicron and lipoprotein metabolism in humans. The first key step in the process is fat digestion within the stomach and small intestine which can be modulated by fat and dietary fiber amounts and types. The second key step is intestinal absorption per se. The uptake and secretion of absorbed nutrients in chylomicrons is affected by numerous factors, including nutrients themselves. The amount of dietary triglycerides as well as the nature of fatty acids ingested from habitual diet or present in a test meal modulates the extent of chylomicron and plasma triglyceride levels postprandially. The amount of dietary cholesterol also modulates the extent of postprandial chylomicron and plasma triglycerides. Other nutrients can alter the postprandial occurrence of chylomicrons such as proteins, alcohol, carbohydrates or fibers. Addition of glucose and more markedly fructose, to a fat test meal increases the accumulation of chylomicrons, as does a high-glycemic index meal. In contrast, some sources of dietary fibers such as oat bran noticeably decrease the occurrence of chylomicron postprandially. Overall, changing the habitual dietary pattern, for instance from a Western-type diet to Mediterranean-type one, can in turn alter the postprandial response of the subjects. The last step in postprandial lipid metabolism is clearance from plasma through combined lipolysis processes and tissue uptake of chylomicron remnants. Both the processes can also be modulated by the nutrients. Because most day-time is usually spent in a postprandial state, the link between dietary patterns and cardiovascular health or risk is clearly mediated by the secretion and clearance rates of chylomicrons in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Lairon
- INSERM, INRA, 1260, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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Lopez-Miranda J, Williams C, Lairon D. Dietary, physiological, genetic and pathological influences on postprandial lipid metabolism. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:458-73. [PMID: 17705891 DOI: 10.1017/s000711450774268x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most of diurnal time is spent in a postprandial state due to successive meal intakes during the day. As long as the meals contain enough fat, a transient increase in triacylglycerolaemia and a change in lipoprotein pattern occurs. The extent and kinetics of such postprandial changes are highly variable and are modulated by numerous factors. This review focuses on factors affecting postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and genes, their variability and their relationship with intermediate phenotypes and risk of CHD. Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism is modulated by background dietary pattern as well as meal composition (fat amount and type, carbohydrate, protein, fibre, alcohol) and several lifestyle conditions (physical activity, tobacco use), physiological factors (age, gender, menopausal status) and pathological conditions (obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus). The roles of many genes have been explored in order to establish the possible implications of their variability in lipid metabolism and CHD risk. The postprandial lipid response has been shown to be modified by polymorphisms within the genes for apo A-I, A-IV, A-V, E, B, C-I and C-III, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fatty acid binding and transport proteins, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and scavenger receptor class B type I. Overall, the variability in postprandial response is important and complex, and the interactions between nutrients or dietary or meal compositions and gene variants need further investigation. The extent of present knowledge and needs for future studies are discussed in light of ongoing developments in nutrigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Paglialunga S, Cianflone K. Regulation of postprandial lipemia: an update on current trends. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32:61-75. [PMID: 17332785 DOI: 10.1139/h06-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
People spend a large percentage of their waking hours in the postprandial state. Postprandial lipemia is associated with disruptions in lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory factors, cardiovascular disease, MetS, and diabetes. Commonly, the dietary sources of fat exceed the actual needs and the tissues are faced with the excess, with accumulation of chylomicrons and remnant particles. This review will summarize recent findings in postprandial lipemia research with a focus on human studies. The effects of dietary factors and other meal components on postprandial lipemia leads to the following question: do we need a standardized oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT)? An overview of recent findings on FABP2, MTP, LPL, apoAV, and ASP and the effects of body habitus (sex influence and body size), as well as exercise and weight loss, on postprandial lipemia will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Paglialunga
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Leray V, Siliart B, Dumon H, Martin L, Sergheraert R, Biourge V, Nguyen P. Protein intake does not affect insulin sensitivity in normal weight cats. J Nutr 2006; 136:2028S-2030S. [PMID: 16772487 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.7.2028s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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