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Yen CY, Wang PY, Chen KY, Tseng CC, Wu CC, Ou TT, Yen JH. HLA-DR genotypes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:1060-1065. [PMID: 37801591 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR genotypes have been known to be associated with the risk of development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in different populations, although Lu et al. have reported previously that no correlation exists between the HLA-DR genotype and disease manifestation in SLE patients in Taiwan. We investigated the effects different HLA-DR genotypes had on SLE incidence in Taiwanese patients as to whether risk alleles were associated with different clinical manifestations, and the effects risk alleles had on the age of disease onset. METHODS Two hundred thirty-four SLE patients and 346 healthy controls were enrolled. HLA-DR genotyping was performed with the HLA FluoGene DRDQ kit for each subject. Chi-square tests and t tests were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS HLA-DR2 was significantly more frequently found in SLE patients than in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.44-2.92, p < 0.001). Notably, HLA-DR6 appeared to trend toward negative correlation with SLE, whereas HLA-DR8 appeared to trend toward positive correlation. HLA-DR2 patients had an earlier onset of disease as well as a higher prevalence of oral ulcer, avascular necrosis of bone, and renal involvement (lupus nephritis). CONCLUSION HLA-DR2 was associated with SLE susceptibility in this Taiwanese population as well as lower age of disease onset and more severe clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Yen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Medical Informatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Yi Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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2
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Vazzana KM, Musolf AM, Bailey-Wilson JE, Hiraki LT, Silverman ED, Scott C, Dalgard CL, Hasni S, Deng Z, Kaplan MJ, Lewandowski LB. Transmission disequilibrium analysis of whole genome data in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 2023; 24:200-206. [PMID: 37488248 PMCID: PMC10529982 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients are unique, with hallmarks of Mendelian disorders (early-onset and severe disease) and thus are an ideal population for genetic investigation of SLE. In this study, we use the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), a family-based genetic association analysis that employs robust methodology, to analyze whole genome sequencing data. We aim to identify novel genetic associations in an ancestrally diverse, international cSLE cohort. Forty-two cSLE patients and 84 unaffected parents from 3 countries underwent whole genome sequencing. First, we performed TDT with single nucleotide variant (SNV)-based (common variants) using PLINK 1.9, and gene-based (rare variants) analyses using Efficient and Parallelizable Association Container Toolbox (EPACTS) and rare variant TDT (rvTDT), which applies multiple gene-based burden tests adapted for TDT, including the burden of rare variants test. Applying the GWAS standard threshold (5.0 × 10-8) to common variants, our SNV-based analysis did not return any genome-wide significant SNVs. The rare variant gene-based TDT analysis identified many novel genes significantly enriched in cSLE patients, including HNRNPUL2, a DNA repair protein, and DNAH11, a ciliary movement protein, among others. Our approach identifies several novel SLE susceptibility genes in an ancestrally diverse childhood-onset lupus cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Vazzana
- Lupus Genomics and Global Health Disparities Unit, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 22124, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 22124, USA
| | - Linda T Hiraki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Earl D Silverman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christiaan Scott
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- Clinical Program, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zuoming Deng
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura B Lewandowski
- Lupus Genomics and Global Health Disparities Unit, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Frazzei G, van Vollenhoven RF, de Jong BA, Siegelaar SE, van Schaardenburg D. Preclinical Autoimmune Disease: a Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899372. [PMID: 35844538 PMCID: PMC9281565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical phase of autoimmune disorders is characterized by an initial asymptomatic phase of varying length followed by nonspecific signs and symptoms. A variety of autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations can be present and tend to increase in the last months to years before a clinical diagnosis can be made. The phenotype of an autoimmune disease depends on the involved organs, the underlying genetic susceptibility and pathophysiological processes. There are different as well as shared genetic or environmental risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms between separate diseases. To shed more light on this, in this narrative review we compare the preclinical disease course of four important autoimmune diseases with distinct phenotypes: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). In general, we observed some notable similarities such as a North-South gradient of decreasing prevalence, a female preponderance (except for T1D), major genetic risk factors at the HLA level, partly overlapping cytokine profiles and lifestyle risk factors such as obesity, smoking and stress. The latter risk factors are known to produce a state of chronic systemic low grade inflammation. A central characteristic of all four diseases is an on average lengthy prodromal phase with no or minor symptoms which can last many years, suggesting a gradually evolving interaction between the genetic profile and the environment. Part of the abnormalities may be present in unaffected family members, and autoimmune diseases can also cluster in families. In conclusion, a promising strategy for prevention of autoimmune diseases might be to address adverse life style factors by public health measures at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Frazzei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Giulia Frazzei,
| | - Ronald F. van Vollenhoven
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brigit A. de Jong
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Siegelaar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Hachicha H, Mahfoudh N, Fourati H, Elloumi N, Marzouk S, Feki S, Fakhfakh R, Frikha F, Ayadi A, Maatoug A, Gaddour L, Hakim F, Bahloul Z, Makni H, Masmoudi H, Kammoun A. HLA Class III: A susceptibility region to systemic lupus erythematosus in Tunisian population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198549. [PMID: 29912900 PMCID: PMC6005577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Short tandem repeats (STR) are usually used as informative polymorphic markers for genetic mapping and for disease susceptibility analysis. The involvement of these microsatellite markers localized in the MHC region was reported in many auto-immune diseases. In this study we analyzed for the first time eight polymorphisms of microsatellite loci at the HLA region: D6S291, D6S273, TNFa, b and c, MICA, D6S265 and D6S276, in Tunisian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a case control study in which the microsatellite loci were amplified using specific primers labeled with NED, VIC, PET or 6-FAM and analyzed using GeneScan software 3.7. For the statistical analysis, we used SPSS software and we performed a sub-haplotype scoring test using the haplo.stats software developed in the R language. RESULTS We found that two mean associated regions existed; the most statistically significant encompassed the 3 TNF markers (p = 0.0003, OR = 19.34); the latter covered the DR region. In fact, when scoring haplotypes in 3 marker- sliding windows, the p value increased as we moved away from the TNF region and decreased again when we approached the DRB1 locus. We also established for the first time the negative association between alleles of D6S291 and SLE. The majority of clinical and serological correlations were noted with TNF alleles. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the association between TNF and DRB1 polymorphisms and SLE. The association between alleles of D6S291 and SLE needs however to be verified by the analysis of other markers beyond this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Hachicha
- Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University, Sfax, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Mahfoudh
- Histocompatibility Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Fourati
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Elloumi
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Marzouk
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sawsan Feki
- Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouia Fakhfakh
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Frikha
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abir Ayadi
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amira Maatoug
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Gaddour
- Histocompatibility Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Feiza Hakim
- Histocompatibility Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Bahloul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Makni
- Histocompatibility Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- UR12SP14, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Arwa Kammoun
- Histocompatibility Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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5
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Umare VD, Pradhan VD, Rajadhyaksha AG, Patwardhan MM, Ghosh K, Nadkarni AH. Impact of TNF-α and LTα gene polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility in Indian SLE patients. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Fu X, Yu G, Wang C, Bao F, Yue Z, Li J, Sun L, Irwanto A, Yu Y, Chen M, Mi Z, Wang H, Huai P, Li Y, Du T, Yu W, Xia Y, Xiao H, You J, Li J, Yang Q, Wang N, Shang P, Niu G, Chi X, Wang X, Cao J, Cheng X, Liu H, Liu J, Zhang F. A large-scale genome-wide association and meta-analysis identified four novel susceptibility loci for leprosy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13760. [PMID: 27976721 PMCID: PMC5172377 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, results from the uncultivable pathogen Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and usually progresses to peripheral neuropathy and permanent progressive deformity if not treated. Previously published genetic studies have identified 18 gene/loci significantly associated with leprosy at the genome-wide significant level. However as a complex disease, only a small proportion of leprosy risk could be explained by those gene/loci. To further identify more susceptibility gene/loci, we hereby performed a three-stage GWAS comprising 8,156 leprosy patients and 15,610 controls of Chinese ancestry. Four novel loci were identified including rs6807915 on 3p25.2 (P=1.94 × 10−8, OR=0.89), rs4720118 on 7p14.3 (P=3.85 × 10−10, OR=1.16), rs55894533 on 8p23.1 (P=5.07 × 10−11, OR=1.15) and rs10100465 on 8q24.11 (P=2.85 × 10−11, OR=0.85). Altogether, these findings have provided new insight and significantly expanded our understanding of the genetic basis of leprosy.
Previous studies have shown genetic associations between leprosy and 18 different genes/loci. Here, Wang and colleagues perform genome-wide association study in Han Chinese leprosy patients and describe four novel loci to be associated to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Zhenhua Yue
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Mingfei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Pengcheng Huai
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Tiantian Du
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hailu Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jiabao You
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Panpan Shang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Guiye Niu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiaojun Chi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
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7
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The role of common protective alleles HLA-DRB1*13 among systemic autoimmune diseases. Genes Immun 2016; 18:1-7. [PMID: 27829665 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and susceptibility to systemic autoimmune diseases have been reported. The predisposing alleles are variable among ethnic groups and/or diseases. On the other hand, some HLA alleles are associated with resistance to systemic autoimmune diseases, including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, DRB1*13 alleles are the protective alleles shared by multiple autoimmune diseases. DRB1*13:01 allele is protective in European populations and DRB1*13:02 in Japanese. Because alleles in multiple HLA loci are in strong linkage disequilibrium, it is difficult to determine which of the protective alleles is functionally responsible for the protective effects. Thus far, association studies suggested that DRB1*13:02 represents at least one of the causally associated protective factors against multiple systemic autoimmune diseases in the Japanese population. The protective effect of DRB1*13 alleles appears to overcome the predisposing effect of the susceptible alleles in heterozygous individuals of DRB1*13 and the susceptible allele. A gene dosage effect was observed in the associations of DRB1*13:02 with the protection from systemic autoimmune diseases; thus homozygous individuals are more effectively protected from the systemic autoimmune diseases than heterozygotes. DRB1*13:02 also confers protection against organ-specific autoimmune diseases and some infectious diseases. Several hypotheses can be proposed for the molecular mechanisms of the protection conferred by DRB1*13, some of which can explain the dominant effect of DRB1*13 molecules over the susceptible alleles, but the actual protective function of DRB1*13 requires further study. Understanding of the protective mechanisms of DRB1*13 may lead to the identification of targets for the curative treatment of systemic autoimmune diseases.
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8
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Brill L, Mandel M, Karussis D, Petrou P, Miller K, Ben-Hur T, Karni A, Paltiel O, Israel S, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Increased occurrence of anti-AQP4 seropositivity and unique HLA Class II associations with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), among Muslim Arabs in Israel. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 293:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Zhao J, Wu H, Langefeld CD, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Bae SC, Alarcón GS, Anaya JM, Criswell LA, Freedman BI, Kamen DL, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, James JA, Merrill JT, Gaffney PM, Sivils KM, Niewold TB, Petri MA, Song ST, Jeong HJ, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille JD, Scofield RH, Stevens AM, Boackle SA, Vilá LM, Chang DM, Song YW, Vyse TJ, Harley JB, Brown EE, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Hahn BH, Grossman JM, Tsao BP, La Cava A. Genetic associations of leptin-related polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:157-62. [PMID: 26385092 PMCID: PMC4658308 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is abnormally elevated in the plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where it is thought to promote and/or sustain pro-inflammatory responses. Whether this association could reflect an increased genetic susceptibility to develop SLE is not known, and studies of genetic associations with leptin-related polymorphisms in SLE patients have been so far inconclusive. Here we genotyped DNA samples from 15,706 SLE patients and healthy matched controls from four different ancestral groups, to correlate polymorphisms of genes of the leptin pathway to risk for SLE. It was found that although several SNPs showed weak associations, those associations did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. These data do not support associations between defined leptin-related polymorphisms and increased susceptibility to develop SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Graciela S Alarcón
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gary S Gilkeson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Clinical Pharmacology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Moser Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Michelle A Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seung Taek Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jeong
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - John D Reveille
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anne M Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan A Boackle
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | | | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bevra H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Grossman
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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TNF receptors: signaling pathways and contribution to renal dysfunction. Kidney Int 2014; 87:281-96. [PMID: 25140911 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), initially reported to induce tumor cell apoptosis and cachexia, is now considered a central mediator of a broad range of biological activities from cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation to induction of inflammation and immune modulation. TNF exerts its biological responses via interaction with two cell surface receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. (TNFRs). These receptors trigger shared and distinct signaling pathways upon TNF binding, which in turn result in cellular outputs that may promote tissue injury on one hand but may also induce protective, beneficial responses. Yet the role of TNF and its receptors specifically in renal disease is still not well understood. This review describes the expression of the TNFRs, the signaling pathways induced by them and the biological responses of TNF and its receptors in various animal models of renal diseases, and discusses the current outcomes from use of TNF biologics and TNF biomarkers in renal disorders.
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11
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Human leukocyte antigens and systemic lupus erythematosus: a protective role for the HLA-DR6 alleles DRB1*13:02 and *14:03. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87792. [PMID: 24498373 PMCID: PMC3912000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies on associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequencies and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been performed. However, few protective associations with HLA-DRB1 alleles have been reported. Here, we sought protective, as well as predispositional, alleles of HLA-DRB1 in Japanese SLE patients. An association study was conducted for HLA-DRB1 in Japanese SLE patients. Relative predispositional effects were analyzed by sequential elimination of carriers of each allele with the strongest association. We also explored the association of DRB1 alleles with SLE phenotypes including the presence of autoantibody and clinical manifestations. Significantly different carrier frequencies of certain DRB1 alleles were found to be associated with SLE as follows: increased DRB1*15:01 (P = 5.48×10−10, corrected P (Pc) = 1.59×10−8, odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69–2.79), decreased DRB1*13:02 (P = 7.17×10−5, Pc = 0.0020, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.34–0.63) and decreased DRB1*14:03 (P = 0.0010, Pc = 0.0272, OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.18–0.63). Additionally, the “*15:01/*13:02 or *14:03” genotype tended to be negatively associated with SLE (P = 0.4209, OR 0.66), despite there being significant positive associations with *15:01 when present together with alleles other than *13:02 or *14:03 (P = 1.79×10−11, OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.84–3.10). This protective effect of *13:02 and *14:03 was also confirmed in SLE patients with different clinical phenotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a protective association between the carrier frequencies of HLA-DRB1*13:02 and *14:03 and SLE in the Japanese population.
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Muñoz SA, Aranda F, Allievi A, Orden AO, Perés Wingeyer S, Trobo R, Alvarez A, Eimon A, Barreira JC, Schneeberger E, Dal Pra F, Sarano J, Hofman J, Chamorro J, de Larrañaga G. 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and −308 A/G tumor necrosis factor-α promoter gene polymorphisms in Argentinean lupus patients: focus on lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Med 2012; 14:83-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Angelo HD, da Silva HA, Asano NMJ, Muniz MTC, de Mascena Diniz Maia M, de Souza PRE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism -308 G/A in Brazilian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1166-70. [PMID: 22884981 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies to components of the cell nucleus in association with a diverse array of clinical manifestations. Polymorphisms in cytokines genes may play an important role in the development and clinical manifestation. Due to this, there is a great interest in the identification of biomarkers that which could quantify the susceptibility and disease activity. A case-control study of 98 lupus cases and 76 lupus-free adults controls, was performed to analyze whether or not the polymorphism of the TNF-α gene promoter at positions -308 G/A would alter the risk for SLE and clinical manifestations. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction, PCR products were digested by NcoI restriction enzyme and fractionated after on 2% Agarose gel and visualized posteriorly staining by ethidium bromide. There were significant differences in the distribution of the TNF-α gene polymorphism between the SLE and control groups. Individual carriers of the variant allele A had a 3.29 (95% CI: 1.7738-6.1325)-fold increased risk for SLE. Moreover, association was observed between SLE patients and serositis (P=0.0228). This study presents a preliminary evidence of association between TNF-α polymorphism and SLE susceptibility in the Northeast population from Brazil.
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14
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Azkalany GS, Gheita TA, Gaber W, Mohey A. Clinical significance of serum TNFα and -308 G/A promoter polymorphism and serum Il-6 and -174 G/C promoter polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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IL-10 and TNFalpha genotypes in SLE. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:838390. [PMID: 20625422 PMCID: PMC2896901 DOI: 10.1155/2010/838390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of two regulators of the inflammatory response, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor
α (TNFα), has been found to be deeply deregulated in SLE patients, suggesting that these cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Genetic polymorphisms at the promoter regions of IL-10 and TNFα genes have been associated with different constitutive and induced cytokine production. Given that individual steady-state levels of these molecules may deviate an initial immune response towards different forms of lymphocyte activation, functional genetic variants in their promoters could influence the development of SLE. The present review summarizes the information previously reported about the involvement of IL-10 and TNFα genetic variants on SLE appearance, clinical phenotype, and outcome. We show that, in spite of the heterogeneity of the populations studied, the existing knowledge points towards a relevant role of IL-10 and TNFα genotypes in SLE.
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Lin YJ, Chen RH, Wan L, Sheu JC, Huang CM, Lin CW, Chen SY, Lai CH, Lan YC, Hsueh KC, Tsai CH, Lin TH, Huang YM, Chao K, Chen DY, Tsai FJ. Association of TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwanese patients. Lupus 2010; 18:974-9. [PMID: 19762398 DOI: 10.1177/0961203309105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), an important proinflammatory cytokine, exerts a variety of physiological and pathogenic effects that lead to tissue destruction. Studies on the association of TNF-alpha genetic polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have yielded inconclusive results. We investigated the association of TNF-alpha genetic polymorphisms (-1031T/C, -863C/A, -857T/C, -308A/G and +489A/G) with SLE in Taiwanese patients and controls. Our results indicate that 1) the frequency of the A-allele at -863 position was significantly higher in SLE patients (odds ratio = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.02-2.08); 2) the frequency of the A-allele at +489 position was significantly higher in SLE patients (odds ratio = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.21-2.65); 3) the AA or GA genotype frequencies at +489 position were significantly increased in SLE patients (AA genotype: odds ratio = 11.20; 95% CI = 1.36-92.55; GA genotype: odds ratio = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.03-2.58); 4) no significant association of TNF-alpha haplotypic distributions was observed, except for the haplotypes TCCGA, CACGA and CCCGG; and 5) the genotype frequency of the polymorphisms at -1031 was significantly different in patients with antinuclear antibodies (P = 0.022). The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms at -863 were not significantly different. The genotype frequency of the polymorphisms at -857 was significantly different in patients with haematological disorder (P = 0.025). The frequency of A allele of the polymorphisms at -308 was significantly increased in patients with malar rash (P = 0.033), discoid rash (P = 0.023), photosensitivity (P = 0.037), oral ulcers (P = 0.002) and serositis (P = 0.029). The genotype frequency of the polymorphisms at +489 was significantly different in patients with discoid rash and photosensitivity (data not shown; discoid rash, P = 0.031; photosensitivity, P = 0.044). These results suggest that TNF-alpha genetic polymorphisms contribute to SLE susceptibility in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Martens HA, Nolte IM, van der Steege G, Schipper M, Kallenberg CGM, te Meerman GJ, Bijl M. An extensive screen of the HLA region reveals an independent association of HLA class I and class II with susceptibility for systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38:256-62. [DOI: 10.1080/03009740802552469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Wilbe M, Jokinen P, Hermanrud C, Kennedy LJ, Strandberg E, Hansson-Hamlin H, Lohi H, Andersson G. MHC class II polymorphism is associated with a canine SLE-related disease complex. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:557-64. [PMID: 19636550 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers are predisposed to a SLE-related disease complex including immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA). IMRD involves symptoms that resemble those seen in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE, or SLE-related diseases, in humans. This disease complex involves persistent lameness, stiffness, mainly after resting, and palpable pain from several joints of extremities. The majority of affected dogs display antinuclear autoantibody (ANA)-reactivity. SRMA is manifested in young dogs with high fever and neck stiffness and can be treated with corticosteroids. We have investigated the possible role of MHC class II as a genetic risk factor in IMRD and SRMA etiology. We performed sequence-based typing of the DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 class II loci in a total of 176 dogs including 51 IMRD (33 ANA-positive), 49 SRMA cases, and 78 healthy controls (two dogs were both IMRD- and SRMA-affected). Homozygosity for the risk haplotype DRB1*00601/DQA1*005011/DQB1*02001 increased the risk for IMRD (OR = 4.9; ANA-positive IMRD: OR = 7.2) compared with all other genotypes. There was a general heterozygote advantage, homozygotes had OR = 4.4 (ANA-positive IMRD: OR = 8.9) compared with all heterozygotes. The risk haplotype contains the five amino acid epitope RARAA, known as the shared epitope for rheumatoid arthritis. No association was observed for SRMA. We conclude that DLA class II is a highly significant genetic risk factor for ANA-positive IMRD. The results indicate narrow diversity of DLA II haplotypes and identify an IMRD-related risk haplotype, which becomes highly significant in homozygous dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, BMC, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 597, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Pan CF, Wu CJ, Chen HH, Dang CW, Chang FM, Liu HF, Chu CC, Lin M, Lee YJ. Molecular analysis of HLA-DRB1 allelic associations with systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis in Taiwan. Lupus 2009; 18:698-704. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DRB1 alleles with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in the Taiwanese population, and to investigate the possible association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with disease severity in LN. HLA-DRB1 alleles were studied in 105 SLE patients (82 patients with LN, 23 patients without LN) and 855 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-based typing assays. The frequency of the HLA class II alleles DRB1*0301 (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–3.10, Pc = 0.02) and DRB1*1501 (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.36–3.13, Pc = 0.01) were both increased in SLE patients, compared to healthy controls. The frequency of DRB1*1202 was significantly lower in LN patients than in SLE patients without nephritis (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09–0.57, Pc = 0.01). No specific allele was significantly associated with an increased or decreased risk for severity of LN in this sample. In Taiwanese people, the DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1501 alleles are significant risk factors for SLE, while the DRB1*1202 allele is protective for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- CF Pan
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CJ Wu
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HH Chen
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CW Dang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - FM Chang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HF Liu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CC Chu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - M Lin
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - YJ Lee
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
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20
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Ernandez T, Mayadas TN. Immunoregulatory role of TNFalpha in inflammatory kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2009; 76:262-76. [PMID: 19436333 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays important inflammatory roles in renal diseases such as lupus nephritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis and renal allograft rejection. However, TNFalpha also plays critical immunoregulatory roles that are required to maintain immune homeostasis. These complex biological functions of TNFalpha are orchestrated by its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. For example, TNFR2 promotes leukocyte infiltration and tissue injury in an animal model of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. On the other hand, TNFR1 plays an immunoregulatory function in a murine lupus model with a deficiency in this receptor that leads to more severe autoimmune symptoms. In humans, proinflammatory and immunoregulatory roles for TNFalpha are strikingly illustrated in patients on anti-TNFalpha medications: These treatments are greatly beneficial in certain inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis but, on the other hand, are also associated with the induction of autoimmune lupus-like syndromes and enhanced autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis patients. The indication for anti-TNFalpha treatments in renal inflammatory diseases is still under discussion. Ongoing clinical trials may help to clarify the potential benefit of such treatments in lupus nephritis and ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Overall, the complex biology of TNFalpha is not fully understood. A greater understanding of the function of its receptors may provide a framework to understand its contrasting proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. This may lead the development of new, more specific anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ernandez
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Miceli-Richard C, Dieude P, Hachulla E, Puechal X, Cornelis F, Mariette X. Tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFRSF1B) association study in Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:1684-5. [PMID: 17998218 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.071167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Hirankarn N, Avihingsanon Y, Wongpiyabovorn J. Genetic susceptibility to SLE is associated with TNF-alpha gene polymorphism –863, but not –308 and –238, in Thai population. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:425-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Fernando MMA, Stevens CR, Sabeti PC, Walsh EC, McWhinnie AJM, Shah A, Green T, Rioux JD, Vyse TJ. Identification of two independent risk factors for lupus within the MHC in United Kingdom families. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:e192. [PMID: 17997607 PMCID: PMC2065882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with SLE is well established yet the causal variants arising from this region remain to be identified, largely due to inadequate study design and the strong linkage disequilibrium demonstrated by genes across this locus. The majority of studies thus far have identified strong association with classical class II alleles, in particular HLA-DRB1*0301 and HLA-DRB1*1501. Additional associations have been reported with class III alleles; specifically, complement C4 null alleles and a tumor necrosis factor promoter SNP (TNF-308G/A). However, the relative effects of these class II and class III variants have not been determined. We have thus used a family-based approach to map association signals across the MHC class II and class III regions in a cohort of 314 complete United Kingdom Caucasian SLE trios by typing tagging SNPs together with classical typing of the HLA-DRB1 locus. Using TDT and conditional regression analyses, we have demonstrated the presence of two distinct and independent association signals in SLE: HLA-DRB1*0301 (nominal p = 4.9 x 10(-8), permuted p < 0.0001, OR = 2.3) and the T allele of SNP rs419788 (nominal p = 4.3 x 10(-8), permuted p < 0.0001, OR = 2.0) in intron 6 of the class III region gene SKIV2L. Assessment of genotypic risk demonstrates a likely dominant model of inheritance for HLA-DRB1*0301, while rs419788-T confers susceptibility in an additive manner. Furthermore, by comparing transmitted and untransmitted parental chromosomes, we have delimited our class II signal to a 180 kb region encompassing the alleles HLA-DRB1*0301-HLA-DQA1*0501-HLA-DQB1*0201 alone. Our class III signal importantly excludes independent association at the TNF promoter polymorphism, TNF-308G/A, in our SLE cohort and provides a potentially novel locus for future genetic and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. A Fernando
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine R Stevens
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily C Walsh
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alasdair J. M McWhinnie
- Histocompatibility Laboratories and Research Institute, The Anthony Nolan Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anila Shah
- Histocompatibility Laboratories and Research Institute, The Anthony Nolan Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Todd Green
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John D Rioux
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Université de Montréal, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yang Y, Chung EK, Wu YL, Savelli SL, Nagaraja HN, Zhou B, Hebert M, Jones KN, Shu Y, Kitzmiller K, Blanchong CA, McBride KL, Higgins GC, Rennebohm RM, Rice RR, Hackshaw KV, Roubey RAS, Grossman JM, Tsao BP, Birmingham DJ, Rovin BH, Hebert LA, Yu CY. Gene copy-number variation and associated polymorphisms of complement component C4 in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): low copy number is a risk factor for and high copy number is a protective factor against SLE susceptibility in European Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:1037-54. [PMID: 17503323 PMCID: PMC1867093 DOI: 10.1086/518257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual gene copy-number variation (CNV) of complement component C4 and its associated polymorphisms in gene size (long and short) and protein isotypes (C4A and C4B) probably lead to different susceptibilities to autoimmune disease. We investigated the C4 gene CNV in 1,241 European Americans, including patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), their first-degree relatives, and unrelated healthy subjects, by definitive genotyping and phenotyping techniques. The gene copy number (GCN) varied from 2 to 6 for total C4, from 0 to 5 for C4A, and from 0 to 4 for C4B. Four copies of total C4, two copies of C4A, and two copies of C4B were the most common GCN counts, but each constituted only between one-half and three-quarters of the study populations. Long C4 genes were strongly correlated with C4A (R=0.695; P<.0001). Short C4 genes were correlated with C4B (R=0.437; P<.0001). In comparison with healthy subjects, patients with SLE clearly had the GCN of total C4 and C4A shifting to the lower side. The risk of SLE disease susceptibility significantly increased among subjects with only two copies of total C4 (patients 9.3%; unrelated controls 1.5%; odds ratio [OR] = 6.514; P=.00002) but decreased in those with > or =5 copies of C4 (patients 5.79%; controls 12%; OR=0.466; P=.016). Both zero copies (OR=5.267; P=.001) and one copy (OR=1.613; P=.022) of C4A were risk factors for SLE, whereas > or =3 copies of C4A appeared to be protective (OR=0.574; P=.012). Family-based association tests suggested that a specific haplotype with a single short C4B in tight linkage disequilibrium with the -308A allele of TNFA was more likely to be transmitted to patients with SLE. This work demonstrates how gene CNV and its related polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to a human complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic systemic autoimmune disease in which glomerulonephritis represents one of the most severe clinical presentations. Numerous linkage and association studies, as well as the analysis of murine models, have provided ample evidence for a genetic basis for SLE. Genetic susceptibility to SLE results from the combined actions of multiple alleles, each of them conferring a modest incremental risk. SLE susceptibility genes have been identified in 3 major pathways: apoptosis, lymphocyte activation, and clearance of immune complexes and/or apoptotic debris. There also now is evidence that, within SLE patients, renal end-organ targeting also has a genetic basis, which can be divided into 2 branches. There is evidence that susceptibility alleles that are associated with a greater disease severity also are associated with lupus nephritis. There also is evidence for a set of kidney-specific genes that are likely to amplify or to sensitize to the autoimmune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 35610, USA.
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Horiuchi T, Kiyohara C, Tsukamoto H, Sawabe T, Furugo I, Yoshizawa S, Ueda A, Tada Y, Nakamura T, Kimoto Y, Mitoma H, Harashima S, Yoshizawa S, Shimoda T, Okamura S, Nagasawa K, Harada M. A functional M196R polymorphism of tumour necrosis factor receptor type 2 is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 66:320-4. [PMID: 17028114 PMCID: PMC1856025 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.058917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a case-control study of a functional M196R polymorphism of tumour necrosis factor receptor type 2 (TNF-RII) in a Japanese population and a meta-analysis of all published reports on the polymorphism to investigate the association of the M196R polymorphism of TNF-RII with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS The functional M196R polymorphism of TNF-RII was genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction combined with the subsequent single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis for screening, followed by nucleotide sequencing for confirmation. A total of 331 patients and 359 controls were subjected to a case-control study. A meta-analysis of the available case-control studies including all published data as well as our own data was performed to investigate the association of the functional M196R polymorphism of TNF-RII with SLE. RESULTS Our case-control study did not show any significant association of a functional M196R polymorphism of TNF-RII with SLE, although there was a trend towards association. A meta-analysis of seven case-control studies in eight different ethnic populations including our own showed that 196M/R and 196R/R genotypes combined was significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE (odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.60; p = 0.02). Stratification by ethnicity showed a more significant association in Asians, including Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.78; p = 0.006). The effect of the 196R allele on SLE was not clear in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS The 196R allele of the functional M196R polymorphism of TNF-RII is a risk factor for SLE, especially in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Song Y, Araki J, Zhang L, Froehlich T, Sawabe M, Arai T, Shirasawa T, Muramatsu M. Haplotyping of TNFalpha gene promoter using melting temperature analysis: detection of a novel -856(G/A) mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:284-90. [PMID: 16185323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a potent cytokine with a wide range of pro-inflammatory activities and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. We determined four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -1031(C/T), -863(C/A), -857(C/T), and -308(G/A) in the TNFalpha promoter region using melting temperature analysis, among 1451 geriatric autopsy samples. Two adjacent SNPs, -863(C/A) and -857(C/T), were directly assayed by a single probe reaction, which correctly determined three of four expected haplotypes. Sequence confirmation related that the most rare haplotype (8/2902 chromosomes, frequency: 0.26%) contains a novel mutation of -856(G/A), instead of the predicted haplotype. These results indicate that melting temperature analysis provides a robust method to determine the polymorphisms in the TNFalpha promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Chadha S, Miller K, Farwell L, Sacks S, Daly MJ, Rioux JD, Vyse TJ. Haplotype analysis of tumour necrosis factor receptor genes in 1p36: no evidence for association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 14:69-78. [PMID: 16306881 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with partially understood aetiology. The 1p36 region has been previously linked with SLE and harbours tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) genes. Functional and genetic data implicate their gene products in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. In all, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across TNFRSF14 (HVEM), and 43 SNPs across the TNFRSF8 (CD30) and TNFRSF1B (CD120B) locus were investigated for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis in European-Caucasians. Strong LD was observed across HVEM and CD120B, and little LD and recombination across CD30. We also examined the association of SNPs and haplotypes in HVEM, CD30 and CD120B with SLE in European-Caucasians. There was no evidence of association for these genes in 456 European-Caucasian families with SLE from UK. Haplotype tagging SNPs are made known across areas of strong LD, which will facilitate analysis for susceptibility in other diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Cohort Studies
- Haplotypes/genetics
- Humans
- Ki-1 Antigen/genetics
- Linkage Disequilibrium
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- United Kingdom
- White People/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Chadha
- Rheumatology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Smerdel-Ramoya A, Finholt C, Lilleby V, Gilboe IM, Harbo HF, Maslinski S, Førre Ø, Thorsby E, Lie BA. Systemic lupus erythematosus and the extended major histocompatibility complex—evidence for several predisposing loci. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1368-73. [PMID: 16174649 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease reported to be associated with several alleles in the HLA complex. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the extended HLA complex (xMHC) in order to get an overview of the primary predisposing genetic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-four SLE patients and 254 healthy, unrelated controls were genotyped for HLA-DRB1, -B and -A alleles, as well as 13 microsatellites markers covering the xMHC. Moreover, we selected 335 additional controls matched with the patients for the HLA haplotypes showing the strongest associations, in order to look for additional predisposing loci. RESULTS Two regions of the xMHC showed associations: the region covering DRB1 to B, and the extended class I region. Explicitly, DRB1*03 and B*08 displayed strong associations with SLE, which seem to be independent of each other. Furthermore, associations were seen with alleles at microsatellites D6S2225 and D6S2223, located about 3.6 Mb telomeric of HLA-B, and these were not secondary to the associations found with DRB1*03 and B*08. CONCLUSION Both the DRB1*03 and the B*08 alleles display disease association, either implicating involvement of both alleles or caused by another yet unidentified gene(s) in linkage disequilibrium. The associations found in the extended class I region could be markers for a 'novel' predisposing locus (loci) in SLE, adding to the risk conferred by DRB1*03 and B*08. Interestingly, this region has been shown to also be associated with other autoimmune diseases, hence the gene(s) might confer a general propensity for autoimmunity.
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McHugh NJ, Owen P, Cox B, Dunphy J, Welsh K. MHC class II, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and lymphotoxin alpha gene haplotype associations with serological subsets of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:488-94. [PMID: 16107511 PMCID: PMC1798099 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.039842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a case-control study to investigate whether there are independent tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) haplotype associations with SLE or with any of the major serological subsets of SLE. METHODS 157 patients with SLE were genotyped for HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, TNFalpha, and LTalpha alleles by polymerase chain reaction and compared with 245 normal white controls. For TNFalpha, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions -1031, -863, -857, -308, -238, and +488 and for LTalpha three SNPs at positions +720, +365, and +249 were studied to assign six TNFalpha haplotypes (TNF1-6) and four LTalpha haplotypes (LTA1-4). All SLE patients had full serological profiles on serial samples. RESULTS The most significant association with SLE overall was with HLA-DR3 (p<0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.8)) and the extended haplotype HLA-DQB1*0201;DRB1*0301;TNF2;LTA2 (p<0.001; OR = 2.3 (1.4 to 3.7)). Associations were strongest in the anti-La positive group (13%) of SLE patients (HLA-DR3, OR = 71 (9 to 539); HLA-DQB1*0201, OR = 35 (5 to 267); TNF2, OR = 10 (2.8 to 36), and LTA2, OR = 4.9 (1.1 to 21)). There was an increase in the HLA-DR2 associated extended haplotype (HLA-DQB1*0602;DRB1*1501;TNF1;LTA1) in patients with anti-Ro in the absence of anti-La (p<0.005; OR = 3.9 (1.5 to 10)). The HLA-DR7 extended haplotype (HLA-DQB1*0303;DRB1*0701/2;TNF5;LTA3) was decreased in SLE overall (p<0.02; OR = 0.2 (0.05 to 0.8)). CONCLUSIONS The strongest association in this predominantly white population with SLE was between HLA-DR3 and anti-La, which seemed to account for any associations with TNFalpha alleles on an extended DR3 haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J McHugh
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath, Somerset BA1 1RL UK.
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31
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Abstract
Susceptibility to lupus nephritis is the end-result of complex interactions between polymorphic genetic factors involved in the regulation of immune responses. In humans, genome-wide screens and candidate-gene analyses led to the identification of several loci containing potential targets (FcgammaRIIa, PTPN22, PD-1, IL-10) for physiopathological research and therapeutic interventions. In mice, the generation of congenic mice, bearing in a normal genetic background one single disease-associated locus, greatly improved our understanding of the mechanisms mediating the genetic contribution to the disease. In the future, the identification of disease-associated genes will open new perspectives for the development of more targeted therapies of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Lauwerys
- Service de Rhumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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32
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Suárez A, López P, Mozo L, Gutiérrez C. Differential effect of IL10 and TNF{alpha} genotypes on determining susceptibility to discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1605-10. [PMID: 15800006 PMCID: PMC1755257 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.035048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the possible involvement of functional interleukin 10 (IL10) and tumour necrosis alpha (TNFalpha) cytokine promoter polymorphisms on the susceptibility to discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus (DLE, SLE), and their associations with immunological features. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL10 (-1082, -819, and -592) and TNFalpha (-308) genes were determined using allele specific probes in 248 lupus patients and 343 matched controls. To assess functional significance of genotypes, basal mRNA cytokine levels were quantified in 106 genotyped healthy controls by real time RT-PCR. Specific autoantibodies and cutaneous manifestations were analysed in SLE patients and associated with functional genotypes. RESULTS After analysing the distribution of IL10 and TNFalpha transcript levels according to promoter genotypes in healthy individuals, patients and controls were classified into functional single and combined genotypes according to the expected high or low constitutive cytokine production. High TNFalpha genotypes (-308AA or AG) were associated with SLE independently of IL10 alleles, whereas the risk of developing DLE and the prevalence of discoid lesion in SLE were higher in the high IL10/low TNFalpha producer group (-1082GG/-308GG). Cytokine interaction also influences the appearance of autoantibodies. Antibodies against Sm are prevalent among low producer patients for both cytokines, a genotype not associated with lupus incidence, whereas low IL10/high TNFalpha patients have the highest frequency of antibodies to SSa and SSb. CONCLUSIONS IL10/TNFalpha interaction influences susceptibility to DLE and the appearance of specific autoantibodies in SLE patients, whereas high TNFalpha producer genotypes represent a significant risk factor for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Parks CG, Pandey JP, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Feghali-Botswick CL, Cooper GS. Genetic polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-beta in a population-based study of systemic lupus erythematosus: associations and interaction with the interleukin-1alpha-889 C/T polymorphism. Hum Immunol 2005; 65:622-31. [PMID: 15219382 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the role of TNF polymorphisms in SLE susceptibility remains unclear. Previous studies in different populations report an inconsistent association of the TNF-alpha -308A allele with SLE, sometimes depending on the presence of HLA-DR3. We examined the association of polymorphisms in TNF-alpha (-308G/A, -238G/A) and TNFbeta (+252A/G) in a population-based study of SLE in the southeastern United States and considered TNF-SLE associations with respect to HLA-DR3 and DR2 and the interleukin (IL)-1alpha -889C/T polymorphism, previously linked to SLE in this population. Genotypes were analyzed for 230 recently diagnosed SLE patients who met American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and 276 age- and sex-matched controls, randomly selected from driver's license registries. Carriage of the TNF-alpha -308A allele was significantly associated with SLE in Caucasians (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.4, 3.9), but not African Americans. Analyses stratified by IL-1alpha -889 genotypes (C/C vs C/T or T/T) revealed independent associations of SLE with TNF-alpha -308A or HLA-DR2 and DR3. This reflected a significant interaction of TNF and IL-1 genotypes in Caucasians, and yielded a strong association (OR = 8.0, p < 0.00001) for the combined "HLA-DR3, TNF-alpha -308A, IL-1alpha -889C/C" genotype. These findings provide evidence of cytokine gene epistasis in SLE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Parks
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a genetic component. In recent years, nine complete genome scans using family collections that differ greatly in ethnic compositions and geographic locations have identified several strong, confirmed SLE susceptibility loci. Evidence implicating individual gene polymorphisms (or haplotypes) within some of the linked intervals has been reported. This review highlights recent findings that may lead to the identification of putative genes and new insights in the pathogenesis of SLE. RECENT FINDINGS Eight of the best-supported SLE susceptibility loci are 1q23, 1q25-31, 1q41-42, 2q35-37, 4p16-15.2, 6p11-21, 12p24, and 16q12. These are chromosomal regions exhibiting genome-wide significance for linkage in single studies and suggestive evidence for linkage in other samples. Linkage analyses conditioning on pedigrees in which one affected member manifesting a particular clinical condition have also yielded many chromosomal regions linked to SLE. The linked interval on chromosome 6p has been narrowed to 0.5 approximately 1.0 Mb (million basepairs) of 3 MHC class II containing risk haplotypes in white subjects. Cumulative results have shown that hereditary deficiencies of complement component C4A (a MHC class III gene) confer risk for SLE in almost all ethnic groups studied. The FcgammaR genes (located at 1q23) have been convincingly demonstrated to play an important role in susceptibility to SLE (and/or lupus nephritis). The evidence for the intronic single nucleotide polymorphism of program cell death gene 1 (PDCD1 at 2q37) to confer susceptibility is promising but not yet compelling. Within several established susceptibility loci, evidence for association of positional candidate genes is emerging. SUMMARY Further replications of linkage and association are the immediate task. The respective contribution of each susceptibility gene, relationships between genotypes and phenotypes, and potential interactions between susceptibility gene products need to be elucidated. This line of investigation is now well poised to provide novel insights into how genetic variants can affect functional pathways leading to the development of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty P Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1670, USA.
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Illei GG, Tackey E, Lapteva L, Lipsky PE. Biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. General overview of biomarkers and their applicability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:1709-20. [PMID: 15188346 DOI: 10.1002/art.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Illei
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Dvornyk V, Long JR, Xiong DH, Liu PY, Zhao LJ, Shen H, Zhang YY, Liu YJ, Rocha-Sanchez S, Xiao P, Recker RR, Deng HW. Current limitations of SNP data from the public domain for studies of complex disorders: a test for ten candidate genes for obesity and osteoporosis. BMC Genet 2004; 5:4. [PMID: 15113403 PMCID: PMC395827 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-5-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public SNP databases are frequently used to choose SNPs for candidate genes in the association and linkage studies of complex disorders. However, their utility for such studies of diseases with ethnic-dependent background has never been evaluated. RESULTS To estimate the accuracy and completeness of SNP public databases, we analyzed the allele frequencies of 41 SNPs in 10 candidate genes for obesity and/or osteoporosis in a large American-Caucasian sample (1,873 individuals from 405 nuclear families) by PCR-invader assay. We compared our results with those from the databases and other published studies. Of the 41 SNPs, 8 were monomorphic in our sample. Twelve were reported for the first time for Caucasians and the other 29 SNPs in our sample essentially confirmed the respective allele frequencies for Caucasians in the databases and previous studies. The comparison of our data with other ethnic groups showed significant differentiation between the three major world ethnic groups at some SNPs (Caucasians and Africans differed at 3 of the 18 shared SNPs, and Caucasians and Asians differed at 13 of the 22 shared SNPs). This genetic differentiation may have an important implication for studying the well-known ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis, and complex disorders in general. CONCLUSION A comparative analysis of the SNP data of the candidate genes obtained in the present study, as well as those retrieved from the public domain, suggests that the databases may currently have serious limitations for studying complex disorders with an ethnic-dependent background due to the incomplete and uneven representation of the candidate SNPs in the databases for the major ethnic groups. This conclusion attests to the imperative necessity of large-scale and accurate characterization of these SNPs in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Dvornyk
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Ji-Rong Long
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Dong-Hai Xiong
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Peng-Yuan Liu
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Sonia Rocha-Sanchez
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Osteoporosis Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 601 N. 30St., Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
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Kyogoku C, Tsuchiya N, Wu H, Tsao BP, Tokunaga K. Association of Fc? receptor IIA, but not IIB and IIIA, polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: A family-based association study in Caucasians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:671-3. [PMID: 14872513 DOI: 10.1002/art.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Posch PE, Cruz I, Bradshaw D, Medhekar BA. Novel polymorphisms and the definition of promoter ‘alleles’ of the tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin α loci: inclusion in HLA haplotypes. Genes Immun 2003; 4:547-58. [PMID: 14647194 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) influence a variety of cellular responses and play a complex role in the immune response. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported in these major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked loci; however, a comprehensive examination of polymorphisms in the promoter regions of TNF and LTA has not been carried out and was undertaken here. Seven novel SNPs in LTA were identified by sequence analysis of 69 samples. Eight novel TNF alleles and 16 novel LTA alleles were designated. The TNF alleles clustered into two closely related groups, while the LTA alleles clustered into three distinct groups using phylogenetic and percentage difference analyses. A total of 52 unique TNF-LTA-HLA haplotypes are reported. There appear to be some associations between TNF/LTA alleles and HLA haplotypes, but not with specific HLA alleles. The majority of the SNPs appear to be randomly associated within and between the two loci except for the LTA SNPs at -293, +81 and +369. These observations may provide an explanation for the oftentimes contradictory results of studies associating individual cytokine gene SNPs with expression level phenotypes, HLA and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Posch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Abstract
Genetic dissection of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been under intense studies during the past decade. Although the complexity inherent to polygenic, multifactorial diseases is challenging, several new insights have been obtained in the past several years using linkage and association studies of families containing SLE patients as well as case-control studies of populations. In addition, recent advances in our understanding of the human genome and emerging technology have been providing new tools in analyses of complex traits, such as SLE. An overview of our current understanding of the genetic basis of SLE and a brief review of findings of linkage and association studies are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty P Tsao
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room 32-59, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA.
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40
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Tsuchiya N, Ohashi J, Tokunaga K. Variations in immune response genes and their associations with multifactorial immune disorders. Immunol Rev 2002; 190:169-81. [PMID: 12493014 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.19013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are three genetic methods often used for detecting genes contributing to susceptibility or resistance to multifactorial diseases: nonparametric linkage analysis, case-control association analysis, and transmission disequilibrium test. In this review, we present the theoretical basis that the case-control association study has the highest power of detecting disease genes if there is no population stratification between patients and controls. Taking advantage of the high power, we have carried out extensive case-control association analyses of candidate genes for the search of susceptibility genes to rheumatic diseases in the Japanese as well as in some other populations. Several new associations have been disclosed, including those of TNFR2, FCGR2B, and CD19 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus, in addition to some unexpected findings such as the common occurrence of NKG2-C null allele in the healthy population. Genome-wide association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or microsatellite polymorphisms have become realistic, and development of new high-throughput and cost-effective SNP typing technologies is urgently needed. At the same time, our observations may indicate that the 'classical' candidate gene approach will remain a strong alternative, even in the age of 'post genome-sequence'.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class II
- Genetic Variation
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DRB1 Chains
- Humans
- Immune System Diseases/genetics
- Immune System Diseases/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Male
- Models, Immunological
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato M, Ohashi J, Tsuchiya N, Kashiwase K, Ishikawa Y, Arita H, Hanaoka K, Tokunaga K, Yabe T. Association of HLA-A*3303-B*4403-DRB1*1302 haplotype, but not of TNFA promoter and NKp30 polymorphism, with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in the Japanese population. Genes Immun 2002; 3:477-81. [PMID: 12486606 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2001] [Revised: 04/02/2002] [Accepted: 04/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herpes zoster is a common disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV). In a small number of herpes zoster patients, pain persists beyond 4 weeks or more after healing of vesicular eruptions; this condition is termed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Positive associations of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I antigens, A33 and B44, with PHN in the Japanese population have been reported. Our hypothesis is that susceptibility genes to PHN might exist in the HLA region and the study objective is to further examine possible associations of genes in HLA class I, II and III regions, HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) promoter, and a natural killer cell activating receptor, NKp30 polymorphisms with PHN. Although TNFA or NKp30 in the class III region had been considered as a candidate locus, we found no associations of TNFA promoter or NKp30 polymorphisms with PHN in this study. We demonstrated that HLA-A*3303, -B*4403 and -DRB1*1302 alleles were significantly associated with PHN (P = 0.0007 for A*3303, P = 0.001 for B*4403 and P = 0.001 for DRB1*1302). The frequency of the HLA-A*3303-B*4403-DRB1*1302 haplotype was also significantly higher in the PHN patients than in the healthy controls (P = 0.0039). Our results suggest that this haplotype might be related to the pathogenesis of PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sato
- Department of Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Red Cross Blood Center, Tokyo, 150-0012 Japan
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Kuroki K, Tsuchiya N, Tsao BP, Grossman JM, Fukazawa T, Hagiwara K, Kano H, Takazoe M, Iwata T, Hashimoto H, Tokunaga K. Polymorphisms of human CD19 gene: possible association with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese. Genes Immun 2002; 3 Suppl 1:S21-30. [PMID: 12215898 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2001] [Revised: 05/20/2002] [Accepted: 05/24/2002] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD19 regulates the signaling for B lymphocyte development, activation and proliferation. In mice, CD19 deficiency and overexpression were shown to result in hypogammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production, respectively. In the present study, we screened for the polymorphisms of CD19, and examined the detected polymorphisms for the association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two SNPs, c.705G>T (P235P and IVS14-30C>T, were decreased (P = 0.0096 and P = 0.028, respectively), in SLE. A GT repeat polymorphism, c.*132(GT)(12-18), was detected within the 3'-untranslated region, and individuals with > or =15 times repeat was significantly increased in the independent two groups of Japanese SLE patients (P = 0.011 and P = 0.035, respectively); the overall difference between total SLE and controls was striking (P = 0.0061). No association was observed for RA and Crohn's disease. In addition, no variations other than the common polymorphisms were detected in four patients with common variable immunodeficiency, the phenotype of which resembles CD19 deficient mice. In Caucasian SLE families, this GT repeat polymorphism was rare. CD19 mRNA level in the isolated peripheral blood B lymphocytes was lower in individuals possessing (GT)(15-18) alleles compared with those without these alleles, both in controls and in SLE patients; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. These results suggested that either the slight reduction in the CD19 mRNA level associated with the elongation of GT repeat, or an allele of another locus in linkage disequilibrium with CD19 (GT)(15-18), may be associated with susceptibility to SLE in Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kuroki
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multifactorial autoimmune disease. Genetic factors are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. There have been numerous recent advances in the study of murine and human lupus genetics. In well-defined experimental transgenic or gene-knockout mouse models, the development of lupus-like disease has implicated specific genes and pathways in the disease pathogenesis. Linkage analyses have mapped multiple susceptibility loci and disease suppressive loci using inbred strains of mice that spontaneously develop lupus-like disease. Elegant genetic dissection and function studies have led to the recent identification of two murine candidate susceptibility genes, Ifi202 (encoding an interferon-inducible protein) and Cr2 (encoding complement receptors 1 and 2). In human lupus, case- control studies have established associations of SLE with certain major histocompatibility class II alleles, complement deficiencies, and polymorphisms of Fc gamma receptor genes, a complement-related gene, and cytokine genes. During the past several years, linkage analyses using SLE multiplex families have provided many chromosomal regions for further exploration of susceptibility genes. Six regions exhibiting significant linkage to SLE are promising. Studies are underway to fine map these linked regions and to identify the genes in the susceptibility regions. An understanding of the genes involved in the development of lupus should provide targets for more focused therapy in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty P Tsao
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room 32-59, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA.
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