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Belghith M, Maghrebi O, Ben Laamari R, Hanachi M, Hrir S, Saied Z, Belal S, Driss A, Ben Sassi S, Boussoffara T, Barbouche MR. Increased IL-22 in cerebrospinal fluid of neuro-behçet's disease patients. Cytokine 2024; 179:156617. [PMID: 38631183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Remitting-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Neuro-Behçet Disease (NBD) are two chronic neuro-inflammatory disorders leading to brain damage and disability in young adults. Herein, we investigated in these patients the cytokine response by beads-based multiplex assays during the early stages of these disorders. Cytokine investigations were carried out on treatment-naive patients suffering from RRMS and NBD recruited at the first episode of clinical relapse. Our findings demonstrate that Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) cells from NBD patients, but not RRMS, secrete significant high levels of IL-22 which is associated with elevated IL-22 mRNA expression. We also observed an increase in IL-22 levels in the definite NBD subgroup as compared to the probable NBD one, indicating a clear relationship between elevated IL-22 levels and diagnostic certainty. Interestingly, we found no correlation of IL-22 secretion between CSF and serum arguing about intrathecal release of IL-22 in the CNS of NBD patients. Moreover, we showed by correlogram analysis that this cytokine doesn't correlate with IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-21 suggesting that this cytokine is secreted by Th22 cells and not by Th17 cells in the CSF of NBD patients. Finally, we found elevated levels of IL-6 and a positive correlation between IL and 6 and IL-22 in the CSF of NBD. In conclusion, these results suggest that IL-6 contributes to the production of IL-22 by T cells leading to the exacerbation of inflammation and damage within the CNS of NBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Belghith
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Olfa Maghrebi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1006, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Rafika Ben Laamari
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Hanachi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Sana Hrir
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Zakaria Saied
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1006, Tunisia; Neurology's Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Belal
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1006, Tunisia; Neurology's Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adel Driss
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1006, Tunisia; Neurology's Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Boussoffara
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University 26671, Manama, Bahrain.
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Madeshiya AK, Pillai A. Innate lymphoid cells in depression: Current status and perspectives. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2022; 7. [PMID: 37123464 PMCID: PMC10136288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided new insights into our understanding of the pathogenesis of many disease conditions with immune dysregulation. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) induce type I immunity and are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet; ILC2s stimulate type II immune responses and are defined by the expression of signature cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, and transcription factors ROR-α and GATA3; ILC3s requires the transcription factor RORγt and produce IL-22 and IL-17. ILCs are largely tissue-resident and are enriched at barrier surfaces of the mammalian body. Increasing evidence shows that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Although few studies have directly investigated the role of ILCs in depression, several studies have examined the levels of cytokines produced by ILCs in depressed subjects. This review summarizes the potential roles of ILCs in depression. A better understanding of the biology of ILCs may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of depression.
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Kutwin M, Migdalska-Sęk M, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Zelga P, Woźniacka A. An Analysis of IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23A and IL-23R Expression and Their Correlation with Clinical Course in Patients with Psoriasis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5834. [PMID: 34945130 PMCID: PMC8704681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Being one of the most common dermatological inflammatory disorders, psoriasis is a frequent subject of research. It is considered to be a T cell-dependent immune disease whose pathogenesis is influenced by cytokines, such as IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23A and IL-23R. The present study examines whether the expression of selected genes is correlated with the clinical course of psoriasis, assessed by the PASI, BSA and DLQI scales. Skin biopsies and blood from 60 patients with psoriasis and 24 healthy controls were obtained for RNA isolation. These were subjected to RT-PCR for IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23A and IL-23R genes. The results were presented as an RQ value. IL-17A and IL-23R expression levels were higher in psoriatic skin compared to controls, while IL-10 expression was lower. A positive correlation was also found between RQ for IL-23A and PASI index. Psoriatic skin is characterised by elevated expression of IL-17A and IL-23R and decreased expression of IL-10. This indicates that the selected cytokines may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis and pathomechanism of psoriasis, but more studies need to be made before we can elucidate the exact reason for the unbalance in cytokine expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kutwin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Piotr Zelga
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Anna Woźniacka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
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Delbue D, Lebenheim L, Cardoso-Silva D, Dony V, Krug SM, Richter JF, Manna S, Muñoz M, Wolk K, Heldt C, Heimesaat MM, Sabat R, Siegmund B, Schumann M. Reprogramming Intestinal Epithelial Cell Polarity by Interleukin-22. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:656047. [PMID: 33912578 PMCID: PMC8072225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin-22 (IL-22) impacts the integrity of intestinal epithelia and has been associated with the development of colitis-associated cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Previous data suggest that IL-22 protects the mucosal barrier and promotes wound healing and barrier defect. We hypothesized, that IL-22 modulates cell polarity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) acting on tight junction assembly. The aim of the study was to investigate IL-22-dependent mechanisms in the reprogramming of intestinal epithelia. Methods: IECs were exposed to IL-22 at various concentrations. IECs in Matrigel® were grown to 3-dimensional cysts in the presence or absence of IL-22 and morphology and expression of polarity proteins were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Epithelial cell barrier (TER and sandwich assay) and TJ assembly analysis (calcium-switch assay) were performed. TJ and cell polarity protein expression were assessed by western blotting and confocal microscopy. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed by RT-qPCR analysis and western blotting. Signaling pathway analyses were performed by phosphoblotting and functional assays after blocking STAT3 and ERK signaling pathways. Using the toxoplasma-model of terminal ileitis, IL-22-knock-out mice were compared to wild-type littermates, analyzed for barrier function using one-path-impedance-analysis and macromolecular flux (H3-mannitol, Ussing-chambers). Results: IECs exhibited a barrier defect after IL-22 exposure. TJ protein distribution and expression were severely impaired. Delayed recovery in the calcium-switch assay was observed suggesting a defect in TJ assembly. Analyzing the 3D-cyst model, IL-22 induced multi-lumen and aberrant cysts, and altered the localization of cell polarity proteins. Cell migration and invasion was caused by IL-22 as well as induction of EMT. Interestingly, only inhibition of the MAPK pathway, rescued the TJal barrier defect, while blocking STAT3 was relevant for cell survival. In addition, ileal mucosa of IL-22 deficient mice was protected from the barrier defect seen in Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis in wild type mice shown by significantly higher Re values and correspondingly lower macromolecule fluxes. Conclusion: IL-22 impairs intestinal epithelial cell barrier by inducing EMT, causing defects in epithelial cell polarity and increasing cell motility and cell invasion. IL-22 modulates TJ protein expression and mediates tight junctional (TJal) barrier defects via ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delbue
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Lebenheim
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danielle Cardoso-Silva
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Violaine Dony
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Richter
- Institute for Anatomy II, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Subhakankha Manna
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Department for Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Heldt
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Department for Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Su SB, Qin SY, Xian XL, Huang FF, Huang QL, ZhangDi HJ, Jiang HX. Interleukin-22 regulating Kupffer cell polarization through STAT3/Erk/Akt crosstalk pathways to extenuate liver fibrosis. Life Sci 2021; 264:118677. [PMID: 33129875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin (IL)-22 activates multiple signaling pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects, but few studies have examined whether and how IL-22 may shift macrophage polarization between M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) states and thereby influence the progression of hepatic fibrosis. MAIN METHODS Utilized CCl4 to induce liver fibrosis in mice, detected the role of IL-22 in inhibiting liver fibrosis by regulating Kupffer cells (KCs) polarization in vivo and in vitro. U937 cells were used to confirm the mechanism of IL-22 regulating macrophage polarization via the STAT3/Erk/Akt pathways. Human liver specimens were collected to verify the correlation between the levels of IL-22 and KCs during liver fibrogenesis. KEY FINDINGS During CCl4-induced liver fibrosis progression in mice, adding exogenous IL-22 significantly inhibited pro-fibrogenic and macrophage phenotype-altering factors secreted by M1-KCs, and it increased the number of M2-KCs. In co-cultures of hepatic stellate cells and KCs from mice treated with IL-22, a high M2/M1-KCs ratio inhibited collagen production and stellate cell activation. These results suggest that IL-22 can increase the ratio of M2-KCs to M1-KCs and thereby attenuate the progression of liver fibrosis. Mechanistic studies in vitro showed that IL-22 promoted polarization of lipopolysaccharide-treated U937 macrophages from M1 to M2. The cytokine exerted these effects by activating the STAT3 pathway while suppressing Erk1/2 and Akt pathways. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining in human liver specimens confirmed that IL-22 levels positively correlated with the number of M2-KCs during liver fibrogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE IL-22 regulates the STAT3/Erk/Akt to increase the M2/M1-KCs ratio and thereby slow liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Biao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shan-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xian
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Huang
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qiu-Lan Huang
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Han-Jing ZhangDi
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China.
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Leandersson P, Åkesson A, Hedenfalk I, Malander S, Borgfeldt C. A multiplex biomarker assay improves the diagnostic performance of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian tumor patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240418. [PMID: 33075095 PMCID: PMC7571712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survival in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poor. Most patients are diagnosed in late stages. Early diagnosis increases the chance of survival. We used the proximity extension assay from Olink Proteomics to search for new protein biomarkers with the potential to improve the diagnostic performance of CA125 and HE4 in patients with ovarian tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 180 women with ovarian tumors; 30 cases of benign tumor, 28 cases with borderline tumors, 25 early EOC cases (FIGO stage I) and 97 advanced EOC cases (FIGO stages II-IV). Proteins were measured using the Olink® Oncology II and Inflammation panels. For statistical analyses, patients were categorized into benign tumors versus cancer and benign tumors versus borderline + cancer, respectively. RESULTS We analyzed 177 biomarkers. Thirty-four proteins had ROC AUC > 0.7 for discrimination between benign tumors and cancer. Fifteen proteins had ROC AUC > 0.7 for discrimination between benign tumors and borderline tumors + cancer. HE4 ranked highest for both comparisons. A reference model with HE4, CA125 and age (AUC 0.838 for benign tumors vs. cancer and AUC 0.770 for benign tumors vs. borderline tumors + cancer) was compared to the reference model with the addition of each of the remaining proteins with AUC > 0.7. ITGAV was the only individual biomarker found to improve diagnostic performance of the reference model, to AUC 0.874 for benign tumors vs. cancer and AUC 0.818 for benign tumors vs. borderline tumors + cancer (p < 0.05). Cross-validation and LASSO regression was combined to select multiple biomarker combinations. The best performing model for discrimination between benign tumors and borderline tumors + cancer was a 6-biomarker combination (HE4, CA125, ITGAV, CXCL1, CEACAM1, IL-10RB) and age (AUC 0.868, sensitivity 0.86 and specificity 0.82, p = 0.016 for comparison with the reference model). CONCLUSION HE4 was the best performing individual biomarker for discrimination between benign ovarian tumors and EOC including borderline tumors. The addition of other carcinogenesis-related biomarkers in a multiplex biomarker panel can improve the diagnostic performance of the established biomarkers HE4 and CA125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Leandersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Reproductive Medicine Center, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmo, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Åkesson
- Clinical Studies Sweden–Forum South, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Malander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Borgfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Saad KM, Shaker ME, Shaaban AA, Abdelrahman RS, Said E. The c-Met inhibitor capmatinib alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106292. [PMID: 32062076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity comes among the most frequent humans' toxicities caused by drugs. So far, therapeutic interventions for such type of drug-induced toxicity are still limited. In the current study, we examined the influence of capmatinib (Cap), a novel c-Met inhibitor, on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice when administered 2 h prior, 2 h post and 4 h post APAP-challenge. The results revealed that Cap administration significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury when administered only 2 h prior and post APAP-administration. Cap hepatoprotective effect was mediated by lowering the excessive formation of lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress products caused by APAP. Besides, Cap attenuated APAP-induced overproduction and release of proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6, and MCP-1. Cap treatment also led to avoidance of APAP-subsequent repair by abating APAP-induced elevation of hepatic IL-22 and PCNA expressions. In conclusion, c-Met receptor inhibition may be a potential strategy for alleviating APAP-hepatotoxicity, especially when administered in the early phase of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Rehab S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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8
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Che Y, Su Z, Xia L. Effects of IL-22 on cardiovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106277. [PMID: 32062077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22), which belongs to the IL-10 family, is an alpha helix cytokine specifically produced by many lymphocytes, such as Th1, Th17, Th22, ILCs, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In recent years, more and more studies have demonstrated that IL-22 has an interesting relationship with various cardiovascular diseases, including myocarditis, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases, and IL-22 signal may play a dual role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the source, function, regulation of IL-22 and the effects of IL-22 signal in cardiovascular diseases. The study of IL-22 will suggest more specific strategies to maneuver these functions for the effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases and future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Che
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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9
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Comprehensive assessment of the association between genes on JAK-STAT pathway (IFIH1, TYK2, IL-10) and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:711-728. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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La Manna S, Scognamiglio PL, Di Natale C, Leone M, Mercurio FA, Malfitano AM, Cianfarani F, Madonna S, Caravella S, Albanesi C, Novellino E, Marasco D. Characterization of linear mimetic peptides of Interleukin-22 from dissection of protein interfaces. Biochimie 2017; 138:106-115. [PMID: 28479106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) belongs to the family of IL-10 cytokines and is involved in a wide number of human diseases, including inflammatory disorders and cancer pathology. The ligand-receptor complex IL-22/IL-22R plays a key role in several pathways especially in the regulation and resolution of immune responses. The identification of novel compounds able to modulate IL-22/IL-22R complex could open the route to new therapeutic strategies in multiple human diseases. In this study, we designed and characterized IL-22 derived peptides at protein interface regions: several sequences revealed able to interfere with the protein complex with IC50 in the micromolar range as evaluated through Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments. Their conformational characterization was carried out through Circular Dichroism (CD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, shedding new light into the features of IL-22 fragments and on structural determinants of IL-22/IL-22R1 recognition. Finally, several peptides were tested on human keratinocyte cultures for evaluating their ability to mimic the activation of molecular pathways downstream to IL-22R in response to IL-22 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cianfarani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Caravella
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Chichelnitskiy E, Himmelseher B, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Hypothermia Promotes Interleukin-22 Expression and Fine-Tunes Its Biological Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:742. [PMID: 28706520 PMCID: PMC5489602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed homeostasis as a result of tissue stress can provoke leukocyte responses enabling recovery. Since mild hypothermia displays specific clinically relevant tissue-protective properties and interleukin (IL)-22 promotes healing at host/environment interfaces, effects of lowered ambient temperature on IL-22 were studied. We demonstrate that a 5-h exposure of endotoxemic mice to 4°C reduces body temperature by 5.0° and enhances splenic and colonic il22 gene expression. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-17A were not increased. In vivo data on IL-22 were corroborated using murine splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured upon 33°C and polyclonal T cell activation. Upregulation by mild hypothermia of largely T-cell-derived IL-22 in PBMC required monocytes and associated with enhanced nuclear T-cell nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-c2. Notably, NFAT antagonism by cyclosporin A or FK506 impaired IL-22 upregulation at normothermia and entirely prevented its enhanced expression upon hypothermic culture conditions. Data suggest that intact NFAT signaling is required for efficient IL-22 induction upon normothermic and hypothermic conditions. Hypothermia furthermore boosted early signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation by IL-22 and shaped downstream gene expression in epithelial-like cells. Altogether, data indicate that hypothermia supports and fine-tunes IL-22 production/action, which may contribute to regulatory properties of low ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Britta Himmelseher
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Lou H, Lu J, Choi EB, Oh MH, Jeong M, Barmettler S, Zhu Z, Zheng T. Expression of IL-22 in the Skin Causes Th2-Biased Immunity, Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction, and Pruritus via Stimulating Epithelial Th2 Cytokines and the GRP Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:2543-2555. [PMID: 28228560 PMCID: PMC5360537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of Th22 cytokine IL-22 is a characteristic finding in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the specific role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of AD in vivo has yet to be elucidated. Consistent with observations in human AD, IL-22 was significantly increased in the AD skin of mice after epicutaneous sensitization to house dust mite allergen. Utilizing a skin-specific inducible transgenic system, we show in the present study that expression of IL-22 in the skin of mice caused an AD-like phenotype characterized by chronic pruritic dermatitis associated with Th2-biased local and systemic immune responses, downregulation of epidermal differentiation complex genes, and enhanced dermatitis upon epicutaneous allergen exposure. IL-22 potently induced the expression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a neuropeptide pruritogen, in dermal immune cells and sensory afferents and in their skin-innervating sensory neurons. IL-22 also differentially upregulated the expression of GRP receptor (GRPR) on keratinocytes of AD skin. The number of GRP+ cells in the skin correlated with the AD severity and the intensity of pruritus. IL-22 directly upregulated the expression of epithelial-derived type 2 cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33) and GRP in primary keratinocytes. Furthermore, GRP not only strongly induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin but it also increased the expression of IL-33 and GRPR synergistically with IL-22. Importantly, we found that the expression of GRP was strikingly increased in the skin of patients with AD. These results indicate that IL-22 plays important pathogenic roles in the initiation and development of AD, in part through inducing keratinocyte production of type 2 cytokines and activation of the GRP/GRPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Lou
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingning Lu
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Eun Byul Choi
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Min Hee Oh
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Mingeum Jeong
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Sara Barmettler
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Tao Zheng
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
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Ben Fredj N, Aissi M, Ben Selma W, Mahmoud I, Nefzi F, Frih-Ayed M, Boukadida J, Aouni M. Association of the IL-10 receptor A536G (S138G) loss-of-function variant with multiple sclerosis in Tunisian patients. APMIS 2017; 125:444-451. [PMID: 28225209 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory T-cell cytokine, has been shown to be a regulatory cytokine that is associated with disease remission in multiple sclerosis (MS) and exerts its activity through its cognate cell surface receptor complex, IL-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) and IL-10R2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the IL-10R1 S138G loss-of-function polymorphism (A536G: rs3135932) for possible influence on susceptibility and outcome of MS in Tunisian patients. A total of 103 Tunisian MS patients and 160 control subjects were studied. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from leukocytes and used to investigate S138G polymorphism in IL-10R1 gene by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Associations between G allele [odds ratio (OR) = 5.57; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 3.26-9.54; p = 10-7 ], GG genotypes [OR = 10.41; 95% CI = 2.28-47.58; p = 0.0007] and AG genotype [OR = 4.14; 95% CI = 2.16-7.93; p = 0.000016] with the risk development of MS were found. In contrast, the AA genotype seemed to be associated with protection against MS [OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.09-0.30; p = 10-7 ]. No association was found between S138G SNP and clinical features or disease activity of MS patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that S138G loss-of-function polymorphism of the IL-10R1 may be important risk factor in increasing susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ben Fredj
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Aissi
- Department of Neurology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Selma
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR02SP13, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Mahmoud
- Department of Neurology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faten Nefzi
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahbouba Frih-Ayed
- Department of Neurology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Boukadida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR02SP13, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active substances, LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Khawar MB, Azam F, Sheikh N, Abdul Mujeeb K. How Does Interleukin-22 Mediate Liver Regeneration and Prevent Injury and Fibrosis? J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2148129. [PMID: 28050571 PMCID: PMC5168458 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2148129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a pluripotent T cell-derived cytokine which is a member of IL-10 cytokine family. It is the only interleukin produced by immune cells but does not target immune system components. IL-22 is mainly produced by dendritic cells (DCs) and TH17, TH22, NK, and NKT cells and targets a number of body tissues including liver, pancreas, and other epithelial tissues. It provokes a series of downstream signaling pathways upon binding with IL-22R complex which protects liver damage through STAT3 activation. IL-22BP is an inhibitor of IL-22 which has 20-1000x more affinity to bind with IL-22 compared to IL-22R1 that inhibits IL-22 activity. Its level was found to be positively correlated with the severity of liver damage and fibrosis. So, the present review is an effort to reveal the exact mechanism lying in the hepatoprotective activity of IL-22 and some of its future therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Azam
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Yu R, Ding Y, Zhu L, Qu Y, Zhang C, Liu L, Chen L. IL-22 mediates the oral mucosal wound healing via STAT3 in keratinocytes. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:14-20. [PMID: 27522509 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wounds are common in the oral cavity. During wound healing, several cytokines are released, which are probably helpful in providing wound debridement, removal of damaged tissues and microbes. Most of the target cells of IL-22 are epithelial cells, which play an important role in mucosa immunity. DESIGN The function of IL-22 in oral diseases is not well understood. We investigated the expression level of IL-22, collagen I and p-stat3 (Tyr705) via a mice tongue wound model in vivo and detected the effect of IL-22 on the expression of MMP-1, type I collagen and p-stat3 in keratinocytes. RESULTS IL-22 and p-stat3 were associated with wound healing, and STAT3 was activated when the keratinocytes or the tongue tissue were stimulated by IL-22. In addition, IL-22 could mediate gene expression involved in wounds involving keratinocytes, such as type I collagen and MMP-1, which may contribute to scarless healing. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that IL-22 mediates wound healing via STAT3 in keratinocytes. This study reveals a new role for IL-22 in mediating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Yinying Qu
- Dalian Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116021 Dalian, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Dalian Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116021 Dalian, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China.
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16
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Genetic variant of IL-10RA and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 36:825-830. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Brembilla NC, Dufour AM, Alvarez M, Hugues S, Montanari E, Truchetet ME, Lonati P, Fontao L, Gabrielli A, Vettori S, Valentini G, Boehncke WH, Meroni P, Chizzolini C. IL-22 capacitates dermal fibroblast responses to TNF in scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:1697-705. [PMID: 26452537 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL) 22 mRNA in systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin and Th22 cells in SSc peripheral blood are increased, but the role of IL-22 in fibrosis development remains poorly understood. METHODS Biopsies were obtained from the involved skin of 15 SSc, 4 morphea and 8 healthy donors (HD). The presence of IL-22+ cells in the skin was determined by immunostaining. The in vitro response of HD and SSc fibroblasts to IL-22, IL-22 in conjunction with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or keratinocyte conditioned medium was assessed by ELISA, radioimmunoassay (RIA), real-time PCR and western blot. The in vivo response in mice was assessed by histomorphometry. RESULTS IL-22+ cells were over-represented in the dermis and epidermis of morphea and in the epidermis of SSc compared with HD. The majority of dermal IL-22+ cells were T cells. Dermal fibroblasts expressed both IL-22 receptor subunits IL-10RB and IL-22RA, expression of which was enhanced by TNF and reduced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. IL-22 induced rapid phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in fibroblasts, but failed to induce the synthesis of chemokines and extracellular matrix components. However, IL-22 enhanced the production of monocyte chemotactic protein 1, IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase 1 induced by TNF. Fibroblast responses were maximal in the presence of conditioned medium from keratinocytes activated by IL-22 in conjunction with TNF. Dermal thickness was maximal in mice injected simultaneously with IL-22 and TNF. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 capacitates fibroblast responses to TNF and promotes a proinflammatory fibroblast phenotype by favouring TNF-induced keratinocyte activation. These results define a novel role for keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions in the context of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Costantino Brembilla
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Maria Dufour
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Alvarez
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Montanari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Lonati
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lionel Fontao
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinica Medica, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Vettori
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Valentini
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierluigi Meroni
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy Division of Rheumatology, Istituto G Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Disappearing HDL Syndrome. Case Reports Immunol 2016; 2016:7945953. [PMID: 27579193 PMCID: PMC4992760 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7945953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term disappearing HDL syndrome refers to development of severe high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) deficiency in noncritically ill patients with previously normal HDL-C and triglyceride levels. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a disorder of the immune system due to an inability to regulate lymphocyte homeostasis resulting in lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. We describe a 17-year-old boy who was evaluated in the lipid clinic for history of undetectable or low HDL-C and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Past medical history was significant for ALPS IA diagnosed at 10 years of age when he presented with bilateral cervical adenopathy. He was known to have a missense mutation in one allele of the FAS protein extracellular domain consistent with ALPS type 1A. HDL-C and LDL-C levels had been undetectable on multiple occasions, though lipids had not been measured prior to the diagnosis of ALPS. He had been receiving sirolimus for immunosuppression. The HDL-C and LDL-C levels correlated with disease activity and improved to normal levels during times when the activity of ALPS was controlled. This case highlights the importance of considering ALPS as a cause of low HDL-C and LDL-C levels in a child with evidence of lymphoproliferation.
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Sukhov A, Adamopoulos IE, Maverakis E. Interactions of the Immune System with Skin and Bone Tissue in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 51:87-99. [PMID: 26780035 PMCID: PMC6080719 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous psoriasis (e.g., psoriasis vulgaris (PsV)) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are complex heterogeneous diseases thought to have similar pathophysiology. The soluble and cellular mediators of these closely related diseases are being elucidated through genetic approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), as well as animal and molecular models. Novel therapeutics targeting these mediators (IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, IL-17 receptor, TNF) are effective in treating both the skin and joint manifestations of psoriasis, reaffirming the shared pathophysiology of PsV and PsA. However, the molecular and cellular interactions between skin and joint disease have not been well characterized. Clearly, PsV and PsA are highly variable in terms of their clinical manifestations, and this heterogeneity can partially be explained by differences in HLA-associations (HLA-Cw*0602 versus HLA-B*27, for example). In addition, there are numerous other genetic susceptibility loci (LCE3, CARD14, NOS2, NFKBIA, PSMA6, ERAP1, TRAF3IP2, IL12RB2, IL23R, IL12B, TNIP1, TNFAIP3, TYK2) and geoepidemiologic factors that contribute to the wide variability seen in psoriasis. Herein, we review the complex interplay between the genetic, cellular, ethnic, and geographic mediators of psoriasis, focusing on the shared mechanisms of PsV and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sukhov
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, 3301 C St. Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, CA, Davis, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, 3301 C St. Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
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20
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Peñaloza HF, Schultz BM, Nieto PA, Salazar GA, Suazo I, Gonzalez PA, Riedel CA, Alvarez-Lobos MM, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Opposing roles of IL-10 in acute bacterial infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:17-30. [PMID: 27522641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is recognized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that downmodulates inflammatory immune responses at multiple levels. In innate cells, production of this cytokine is usually triggered after pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) engagement by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patters (DAMPs), as well as by other soluble factors. Importantly, IL-10 is frequently secreted during acute bacterial infections and has been described to play a key role in infection resolution, although its effects can significantly vary depending on the infecting bacterium. While the production of IL-10 might favor host survival in some cases, it may also result harmful for the host in other circumstances, as it can prevent appropriate bacterial clearance. In this review we discuss the role of IL-10 in bacterial clearance and propose that this cytokine is required to recover from infection caused by extracellular or highly pro-inflammatory bacteria. Altogether, we propose that IL-10 drives excessive suppression of the immune response upon infection with intracellular bacteria or in non-inflammatory bacterial infections, which ultimately favors bacterial persistence and dissemination within the host. Thus, the nature of the bacterium causing infection is an important factor that needs to be taken into account when considering new immunotherapies that consist on the modulation of inflammation, such as IL-10. Indeed, induction of this cytokine may significantly improve the host's immune response to certain bacteria when antibiotics are not completely effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Barbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pamela A Nieto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Geraldyne A Salazar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Isidora Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo A Gonzalez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Manuel M Alvarez-Lobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
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Härdle L, Bachmann M, Bollmann F, Pautz A, Schmid T, Eberhardt W, Kleinert H, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Tristetraprolin regulation of interleukin-22 production. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15112. [PMID: 26486958 PMCID: PMC4613560 DOI: 10.1038/srep15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a STAT3-activating cytokine displaying characteristic AU-rich elements (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of its mRNA. This architecture suggests gene regulation by modulation of mRNA stability. Since related cytokines undergo post-transcriptional regulation by ARE-binding tristetraprolin (TTP), the role of this destabilizing protein in IL-22 production was investigated. Herein, we demonstrate that TTP-deficient mice display augmented serum IL-22. Likewise, IL-22 mRNA was enhanced in TTP-deficient splenocytes and isolated primary T cells. A pivotal role for TTP is underscored by an extended IL-22 mRNA half-life detectable in TTP-deficient T cells. Luciferase-reporter assays performed in human Jurkat T cells proved the destabilizing potential of the human IL-22-3'-UTR. Furthermore, overexpression of TTP in HEK293 cells substantially decreased luciferase activity directed by the IL-22-3'-UTR. Transcript destabilization by TTP was nullified upon cellular activation by TPA/A23187, an effect dependent on MEK1/2 activity. Accordingly, IL-22 mRNA half-life as determined in TPA/A23187-stimulated Jurkat T cells decreased under the influence of the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Altogether, data indicate that TTP directly controls IL-22 production, a process counteracted by MEK1/2. The TTP-dependent regulatory pathway described herein likely contributes to the role of IL-22 in inflammation and cancer and may evolve as novel target for pharmacological IL-22 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Härdle
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Bollmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine secreted by a variety of cells. It not only inhibits activation of monocyte/macrophage system and synthesis of monocyte cytokine and inflammatory cytokine but also promotes the proliferation and maturation of non-monocyte-dependent T cell, stimulating proliferation of antigen-specific B cell. Increasing evidence indicates that IL-10 plays an important role in both the onset and development of auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease (CD), and psoriasis. However, the exact mechanisms of IL-10 in auto-immune diseases remain unclear. In the present review, we will summarize the biological effects of IL-10, as well as its role and therapeutic potential in auto-immune diseases.
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Saxena A, Khosraviani S, Noel S, Mohan D, Donner T, Hamad ARA. Interleukin-10 paradox: A potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been difficult to harness for immunotherapy. Cytokine 2015; 74:27-34. [PMID: 25481648 PMCID: PMC4454631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is arguably the most potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is produced by almost all the innate and adaptive immune cells. These cells also serve as its targets, indicating that IL-10 secretion and action is highly regulated and perhaps compartmentalized. Consistent with this notion, various efforts directed at systemic administration of IL-10 to modulate autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis) have produced conflicting and largely inconsequential effects. On the other hand, IL-10 can promote humoral immune responses, enhancing class II expression on B cells and inducing immunoglobulin (Ig) production. Consequently, the high IL-10 level in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is considered pathogenic and its blockade ameliorates the disease. In this perspective, we review preclinical findings and results of recent clinical studies using exogenous IL-10 to treat the aforementioned autoimmune diseases. In addition, given the limited success of IL-10 supplementation, we suggest that future studies should be expanded beyond modulating the delivery modes to include developing new strategies to protect and replenish the endogenous sources of IL-10. As an example, we provide evidence that aberrant Fas-mediated deletion of IL-10-producing B cells subverts the immunoregulatory role of IL-10 in autoimmune diabetes and that modulation of the Fas pathway preserves the IL-10-producing B cells and completely protects NOD mice from developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sam Khosraviani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sanjeev Noel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Divya Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas Donner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Knowledge of IL-22 biology has evolved rapidly since its discovery in 2000, and a role for IL-22 has been identified in numerous tissues, including the intestines, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, pancreas, and skin. IL-22 primarily targets nonhematopoietic epithelial and stromal cells, where it can promote proliferation and play a role in tissue regeneration. In addition, IL-22 regulates host defense at barrier surfaces. However, IL-22 has also been linked to several conditions involving inflammatory tissue pathology. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine, including its physiologic and pathologic effects on epithelial cell function.
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25
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Moraitis AG, Freeman LA, Shamburek RD, Wesley R, Wilson W, Grant CM, Price S, Demosky S, Thacker SG, Zarzour A, Hornung RL, Pucino F, Csako G, Yarboro C, McInnes IB, Kuroiwa T, Boumpas D, Rao VK, Illei GG, Remaley AT. Elevated interleukin-10: a new cause of dyslipidemia leading to severe HDL deficiency. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:81-90. [PMID: 25670364 PMCID: PMC5513489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Investigating mechanisms underlying acquired severe HDL deficiency in noncritically ill patients ("disappearing HDL syndrome") could provide new insights into HDL metabolism. OBJECTIVE To determine the cause of low HDL-C in patients with severe acquired HDL deficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (n = 2), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 1), and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (n = 1) presenting with markedly decreased HDL-C, low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated triglycerides were identified. The abnormal lipoprotein profile returned to normal after therapy in all 4 patients. All patients were found to have markedly elevated serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels that also normalized after therapy. In a cohort of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome patients (n = 93), IL-10 showed a strong inverse correlation with HDL-C (R(2) = 0.3720, P < .0001). A direct causal role for increased serum IL-10 in inducing the observed changes in lipoproteins was established in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of recombinant human IL-10 in psoriatic arthritis patients (n = 18). Within a week of initiating subcutaneous recombinant human IL-10 injections, HDL-C precipitously decreased to near-undetectable levels. LDL-C also decreased by more than 50% (P < .0001) and triglycerides increased by approximately 2-fold (P < .005). All values returned to baseline after discontinuing IL-10 therapy. CONCLUSION Increased IL-10 causes severe HDL-C deficiency, low LDL-C, and elevated triglycerides. IL-10 is thus a potent modulator of lipoprotein levels, a potential new biomarker for B-cell disorders, and a novel cause of disappearing HDL syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Moraitis
- Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Endocrine Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Shamburek
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Wesley
- Hospital Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wyndham Wilson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cliona M Grant
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Price
- ALPS Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Demosky
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth G Thacker
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdalrahman Zarzour
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald L Hornung
- Clinical Services Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Frank Pucino
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Csako
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl Yarboro
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iain B McInnes
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Takashi Kuroiwa
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Boumpas
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical School University of Athens, Affiliate Member IMBB, Heraklion and BRFAA Athens, Greece
| | - V Koneti Rao
- ALPS Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabor G Illei
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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26
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Interleukin-10 receptor-1 expression in monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cell populations: dendritic cells partially escape from IL-10's inhibitory mechanisms. Genes Immun 2014; 16:8-14. [PMID: 25472783 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that mediates its effects via a transmembrane receptor complex consisting of two different chains, IL-10R1 and IL-10R2. While IL-10R2 is ubiquitously expressed and does not bind IL-10 primarily, the expression of IL-10R1 determines cellular responsiveness. However, the current knowledge about the expression and regulation of IL-10R1 is still limited. Here we analyzed the expression of IL-10R1 on monocytic cells and demonstrated that human blood monocytes carried about 720 IL-10-binding sites on their surface. Compared with lymphocytes and various tissue cells and tissues, blood monocytes expressed the highest IL-10R1 levels. The in vitro differentiation of these cells into macrophages provoked a further increase of IL-10R1 surface expression. In contrast, their differentiation into myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) resulted in reduced surface IL-10R1 levels. The different IL-10R1 levels expressed by monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cell populations were reflected in their different responsiveness toward IL-10. Importantly, also in vivo developed immature macrophages and mDCs showed different IL-10 sensitivity. These data suggest that, compared with monocytes and macrophages, mDCs partially escape from IL-10's inhibitory mechanisms by downregulating IL-10R1.
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27
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Zdrenghea MT, Makrinioti H, Muresan A, Johnston SL, Stanciu LA. The role of macrophage IL-10/innate IFN interplay during virus-induced asthma. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:33-49. [PMID: 25430775 PMCID: PMC4316183 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation through different signaling pathways results in two functionally different types of macrophages, the pro-inflammatory (M1) and the anti-inflammatory (M2). The polarization of macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype is considered to be critical for efficient antiviral immune responses in the lung. Among the various cell types that are present in the asthmatic airways, macrophages have emerged as significant participants in disease pathogenesis, because of their activation during both the inflammatory and resolution phases, with an impact on disease progression. Polarized M1 and M2 macrophages are able to reversibly undergo functional redifferentiation into anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory macrophages, respectively, and therefore, macrophages mediate both processes. Recent studies have indicated a predominance of M2 macrophages in asthmatic airways. During a virus infection, it is likely that M2 macrophages would secrete higher amounts of the suppressor cytokine IL-10, and less innate IFNs. However, the interactions between IL-10 and innate IFNs during virus-induced exacerbations of asthma have not been well studied. The possible role of IL-10 as a therapy in allergic asthma has already been suggested, but the divergent roles of this suppressor molecule in the antiviral immune response raise concerns. This review attempts to shed light on macrophage IL-10-IFNs interactions and discusses the role of IL-10 in virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Whereas IL-10 is important in terminating pro-inflammatory and antiviral immune responses, the presence of this immune regulatory cytokine at the beginning of virus infection could impair the response to viruses and play a role in virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea T Zdrenghea
- Ion Chiricuta Oncology InstituteCluj-Napoca, Romania
- Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Heidi Makrinioti
- Airways Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondon, UK
- Centre for Respiratory InfectionsLondon, UK
| | - Adriana Muresan
- Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airways Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondon, UK
- Centre for Respiratory InfectionsLondon, UK
| | - Luminita A Stanciu
- Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- Airways Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondon, UK
- Centre for Respiratory InfectionsLondon, UK
- *
Correspondence to: Dr. L. A. Stanciu, MD, PhD, Airway Disease Infection Section, Imperial College London, London, UK., E-mail:
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28
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Kwilasz AJ, Grace PM, Serbedzija P, Maier SF, Watkins LR. The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:55-69. [PMID: 25446571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimmune diseases have diverse symptoms and etiologies but all involve pathological inflammation that affects normal central nervous system signaling. Critically, many neuroimmune diseases also involve insufficient signaling/bioavailability of interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine released by immune cells and glia, which drives the regulation of a variety of anti-inflammatory processes. This review will focus on the signaling pathways and function of IL-10, the current evidence for insufficiencies in IL-10 signaling/bioavailability in neuroimmune diseases, as well as the implications for IL-10-based therapies to treating such problems. We will review in detail four pathologies as examples of the common etiologies of such disease states, namely neuropathic pain (nerve trauma), osteoarthritis (peripheral inflammation), Parkinson's disease (neurodegeneration), and multiple sclerosis (autoimmune). A number of methods to increase IL-10 have been developed (e.g. protein administration, viral vectors, naked plasmid DNA, plasmid DNA packaged in polymers to enhance their uptake into target cells, and adenosine 2A agonists), which will also be discussed. In general, IL-10-based therapies have been effective at treating both the symptoms and pathology associated with various neuroimmune diseases, with more sophisticated gene therapy-based methods producing sustained therapeutic effects lasting for several months following a single injection. These exciting results have resulted in IL-10-targeted therapeutics being positioned for upcoming clinical trials for treating neuroimmune diseases, including neuropathic pain. Although further research is necessary to determine the full range of effects associated with IL-10-based therapy, evidence suggests IL-10 may be an invaluable target for the treatment of neuroimmune disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
| | - P M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
| | - P Serbedzija
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
| | - S F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
| | - L R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
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29
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Wolk K, Mitsui H, Witte K, Gellrich S, Gulati N, Humme D, Witte E, Gonsior M, Beyer M, Kadin ME, Volk HD, Krueger JG, Sterry W, Sabat R. Deficient Cutaneous Antibacterial Competence in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Role of Th2-Mediated Biased Th17 Function. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5507-16. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Justa S, Zhou X, Sarkar S. Endogenous IL-22 plays a dual role in arthritis: regulation of established arthritis via IFN-γ responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93279. [PMID: 24676270 PMCID: PMC3968131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-22 is elevated in patients with inflammatory arthritis and correlates with disease activity. IL-22 deficient mice have reduced incidence of arthritis. Recombinant IL-22 restrains progression of arthritis via increase in IL-10 responses when administered prior to onset of arthritis. These findings imply a possible dual role of IL-22 in inflammatory arthritis depending on the phase of arthritis. Experiments outlined here were designed to elucidate the contribution of endogenous IL-22 before and after the onset of arthritis. METHODS Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in DBA1 or IFN-γ deficient mice following immunization with collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant. Anti-IL-22 antibody or isotype control were administered prior to or after onset of arthritis and disease progression assessed by clinical scoring and histopathology. IL-22, IL-17 and IFN-γ responses were measured by ELISA and flowcytometry. Anti-collagen antibody responses were analyzed by ELISA. Expression of IL-22R1 in CD4+ cells was elucidated by flowcytometry and real time PCR. RESULTS Collagen specific IL-22 responses were expanded during arthritis and IL-22 producing cells were discrete from IL-17 or IFN-γ producing cells. Neutralization of IL-22 after onset of arthritis resulted in significant increase in Th1 responses and significantly reduced severity of arthritis. CD4+ cells from arthritic mice showed increased surface expression of IL-22R1. In vitro, CD4+T cells cultured with antigen presenting cells in the presence or absence of IL-22 suppressed or induced IFN-γ, respectively. The protective effect of anti-IL-22 was reversed in IFN-γ deficient mice. Moreover, administration of anti-IL-22 prior to onset of arthritis augmented arthritis severity. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that IL-22 plays a dual role: protective prior to the onset of arthritis and pathogenic after onset of arthritis. The pathogenic effect of IL-22 is dependent on suppression of IFN-γ responses. IL-17 responses remained unchanged with the administration of anti-IL22 antibody. IL-22R1 is upregulated on CD4+T cells during arthritis and regulates IFN-γ in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Justa
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqun Zhou
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sujata Sarkar
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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31
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Dhiman R, Venkatasubramanian S, Paidipally P, Barnes PF, Tvinnereim A, Vankayalapati R. Interleukin 22 inhibits intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing calgranulin A expression. J Infect Dis 2014; 209:578-87. [PMID: 24041785 PMCID: PMC3903372 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that interleukin 22 (IL-22) inhibits intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In the current study, we determined the mechanisms underlying these effects. We found that W7, a phagolysosomal fusion inhibitor, abrogates IL-22-dependent M. tuberculosis growth inhibition in MDMs, suggesting that IL-22 acts through enhanced phagolysosomal fusion. Our microarray analysis indicated that recombinant IL-22 (rIL-22) enhances the expression of an intracellular signaling molecule, calgranulin A. This was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and confocal microscopy. Calgranulin A small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated rIL-22-dependent growth inhibition of M. tuberculosis in MDMs. IL-22 enhanced Rab7 expression and downregulated Rab14 expression of M. tuberculosis-infected MDMs, and these effects were reversed by calgranulin A siRNA. These results suggest that M. tuberculosis growth inhibition by IL-22 depends on calgranulin A and enhanced phagolysosomal fusion, which is associated with increased Rab7 and reduced Rab14 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Dhiman
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Peter F. Barnes
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Amy Tvinnereim
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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32
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a key effector molecule that is produced by activated T cells, including T helper 22 (TH22) cells, TH17 cells and TH1 cells, as well as subsets of innate lymphoid cells. Although IL-22 can act synergistically with IL-17 or tumour necrosis factor, some important functions of IL-22 are unique to this cytokine. Data obtained over the past few years indicate that the IL-22-IL-22 receptor subunit 1 (IL-22R1) system has a high potential clinical relevance in psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease, certain infections and tumours, as well as in liver and pancreas damage. This Review highlights current knowledge of the biology of the IL-22-IL-22R1 system, its role in inflammation, tissue protection, regeneration and antimicrobial defence, as well as the positive and potentially negative consequences of its therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- 1] Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medicine Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [2] Research Center Immunosciences, University Hospital Charité, Hessische Strasse 3-4, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- 1] Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medicine Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [2] Research Center Immunosciences, University Hospital Charité, Hessische Strasse 3-4, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Jia L, Wu C. The biology and functions of Th22 cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 841:209-30. [PMID: 25261209 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells develop from naïve CD4(+) T cells under lineage-specific culture conditions and are nominated by their lineage-specific cytokines. Th22 cells, new players in adoptive immune responses, are identified by the production of interleukin (IL)-22. Plenty of observations are obtained over the past few years indicating that IL-22 is produced by activated T cells including Th22 cells, Th17 cells, Th1 cells, innate lymphoid cells and some nonlymphocytes. IL-22 functions synergistically with IL-17 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), however, it plays different roles by IL-22/IL-22 receptor signal transductions in pathologic processes, including inflammations, autoimmunity, tumor, and digestive organs damages. In this chapter, we focus on the biology of IL-22, the generation and regulation of Th22 cells, the possible signal pathways that involved in the functions of Th22 cells, as well as the relationship between Th22 cells and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Research of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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34
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Ouyang P, Rakus K, van Beurden SJ, Westphal AH, Davison AJ, Gatherer D, Vanderplasschen AF. IL-10 encoded by viruses: a remarkable example of independent acquisition of a cellular gene by viruses and its subsequent evolution in the viral genome. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:245-262. [PMID: 24225498 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.058966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses have evolved strategies to deregulate the host immune system. These strategies include mechanisms to subvert or recruit the host cytokine network. IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, its key features relate mainly to its capacity to exert potent immunosuppressive effects. Several viruses have been shown to upregulate the expression of cellular IL-10 (cIL-10) with, in some cases, enhancement of infection by suppression of immune functions. Other viruses encode functional orthologues of cIL-10, called viral IL-10s (vIL-10s). The present review is devoted to these virokines. To date, vIL-10 orthologues have been reported for 12 members of the family Herpesviridae, two members of the family Alloherpesviridae and seven members of the family Poxviridae. Study of vIL-10s demonstrated several interesting aspects on the origin and the evolution of these viral genes, e.g. the existence of multiple (potentially up to nine) independent gene acquisition events at different times during evolution, viral gene acquisition resulting from recombination with cellular genomic DNA or cDNA derived from cellular mRNA and the evolution of cellular sequence in the viral genome to restrict the biological activities of the viral orthologues to those beneficial for the virus life cycle. Here, various aspects of the vIL-10s described to date are reviewed, including their genetic organization, protein structure, origin, evolution, biological properties and potential in applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven J van Beurden
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen UR, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - Derek Gatherer
- Division of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - Alain F Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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35
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Smith CL, Arvedson TL, Cooke KS, Dickmann LJ, Forte C, Li H, Merriam KL, Perry VK, Tran L, Rottman JB, Maxwell JR. IL-22 regulates iron availability in vivo through the induction of hepcidin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:1845-55. [PMID: 23836059 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a trace element important for the proper folding and function of various proteins. Physiological regulation of iron stores is of critical importance for RBC production and antimicrobial defense. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron levels within the body. Under conditions of iron deficiency, hepcidin expression is reduced to promote increased iron uptake from the diet and release from cells, whereas during conditions of iron excess, induction of hepcidin restricts iron uptake and movement within the body. The cytokine IL-6 is well established as an important inducer of hepcidin. The presence of this cytokine during inflammatory states can induce hepcidin production, iron deficiency, and anemia. In this study, we show that IL-22 also influences hepcidin production in vivo. Injection of mice with exogenous mouse IgG1 Fc fused to the N terminus of mouse IL-22 (Fc-IL-22), an IL-22R agonist with prolonged and enhanced functional potency, induced hepcidin production, with a subsequent decrease in circulating serum iron and hemoglobin levels and a concomitant increase in iron accumulation within the spleen. This response was independent of IL-6 and was attenuated in the absence of the IL-22R-associated signaling kinase, Tyk2. Ab-mediated blockade of hepcidin partially reversed the effects on iron biology caused by IL-22R stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that exogenous IL-22 regulates hepcidin production to physiologically influence iron usage.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/chemically induced
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepcidins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepcidins/biosynthesis
- Hepcidins/genetics
- Hepcidins/immunology
- Hepcidins/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Interleukin-6/physiology
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/pharmacology
- Interleukins/physiology
- Interleukins/toxicity
- Iron/blood
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Deficiencies
- Job Syndrome/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin/agonists
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- TYK2 Kinase/deficiency
- TYK2 Kinase/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Smith
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, USA
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36
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Peng H, Wang W, Zhou M, Li R, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Role of interleukin-10 and interleukin-10 receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1255-66. [PMID: 23708831 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by excessive production of a variety of autoantibodies, accumulation of immune complexes, and multiple organ systems involvement. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has an important role in the growth, survival, differentiation, and function of B cells. Abnormally increased IL-10 synthesis seems contributing to the spontaneous hyperactivity of the B cell compartment, so that it can directly result in autoantibody production by committed plasma cells, circulating immune complexes formation, and eventually in tissue and organ damage, suggesting it might associate with the development of SLE. A better understanding of the regulation of IL-10 and its receptors (IL-10R) can likely provide more valuable clues to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying specific forms of SLE, so as to pave the way toward more effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
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37
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Interferon-λ1 linked to a stabilized dimer of Fab potently enhances both antitumor and antiviral activities in targeted cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63940. [PMID: 23696859 PMCID: PMC3655979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III interferons (IFNs), comprising IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3, behave similarly to IFN-α in eliciting antiviral, antitumor, and immune-modulating activities. Due to their more restricted cellular targets, IFN-λs are attractive as potential alternatives to existing therapeutic regimens based on IFN-αs. We have applied the DOCK-AND-LOCK™ method to improve the anti-proliferative potency of IFN-λ1 up to 1,000-fold in targeted cancer cell lines by tethering stabilized Fab dimers, derived from hRS7 (humanized anti-Trop-2), hMN-15 (humanized anti-CEACAM6), hL243 (humanized anti-HLA-DR), and c225 (chimeric anti-EGFR), to IFN-λ1 site-specifically, resulting in novel immunocytokines designated (E1)-λ1, (15)-λ1, (C2)-λ1, and (c225)-λ1, respectively. Targeted delivery of IFN-λ1 via (15)-λ1 or (c225)-λ1 to respective antigen-expressing cells also significantly increased antiviral activity when compared with non-targeting (C2)-λ1, as demonstrated in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 by (15)-λ1 against encephalomyocarditis virus (EC50 = 22.2 pM versus 223 pM), and in human hepatocarcinoma cell line Huh-7 by (c225)-λ1 against hepatitis C virus (EC50 = 0.56 pM versus 91.2 pM). These promising results, which are attributed to better localization and stronger binding of IFN-λ1 to antibody-targeted cells, together with the favorable pharmacokinetic profile of (E1)-λ1 in mice (T1/2 = 8.6 h), support further investigation of selective prototypes as potential antiviral and antitumor therapeutic agents.
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38
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Tadokera R, Wilkinson KA, Meintjes GA, Skolimowska KH, Matthews K, Seldon R, Rangaka MX, Maartens G, Wilkinson RJ. Role of the interleukin 10 family of cytokines in patients with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with HIV infection and tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:1148-56. [PMID: 23303806 PMCID: PMC3583273 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin 10 (IL-10) family comprises cytokines structurally related to IL-10 that share signaling receptors that have conserved signaling cascades. The immunopathogenesis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that a deficiency of IL-10 and its homologs may contribute to the immunopathology of IRIS in these patients. METHODS We performed a case-control analysis involving patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis who had IRIS at clinical presentation (tuberculosis-IRIS) and similar patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis who did not develop tuberculosis-IRIS (non-IRIS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence or absence of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 6 and 24 hours. Messenger RNA was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Cytokine concentrations in serum were also determined. RESULTS Cultures of PBMCs stimulated with M. tuberculosis for 24 hours yielded higher IL-10 and interleukin 22 (IL-22) transcript levels for tuberculosis-IRIS patients, compared with non-IRIS patients. Analysis of corresponding serum samples showed significantly higher concentrations of IL-10 and IL-22 in tuberculosis-IRIS patients, compared with non-IRIS patients. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 and IL-22 were differentially induced in PBMCs from tuberculosis-IRIS patients after in vitro stimulation, and higher concentrations of their corresponding proteins were detected in serum (in vivo). The higher levels of IL-10 observed in this study may represent a compensatory antiinflammatory response during tuberculosis-IRIS. The elevated levels of IL-22 suggest an association between this cytokine and immunopathology during tuberculosis-IRIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tadokera
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
| | - Katalin A. Wilkinson
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme A. Meintjes
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
- Infectious Diseases Unit, G. F. Jooste Hospital, Manenberg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Keira H. Skolimowska
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
| | - Kerryn Matthews
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
| | - Molebogeng X. Rangaka
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
| | - Gary Maartens
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
- Infectious Diseases Unit, G. F. Jooste Hospital, Manenberg, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
- Infectious Diseases Unit, G. F. Jooste Hospital, Manenberg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Cobleigh MA, Robek MD. Protective and pathological properties of IL-22 in liver disease: implications for viral hepatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:21-8. [PMID: 23159948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affect >500 million people worldwide and are significant causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of HBV and HCV infection can vary widely with respect to the outcome of initial infection to self-resolving acute or chronic disease, the extent of viremia and liver inflammation during chronic infection, and the eventual development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The host immune response is an important factor in the variable consequences of these infections, because the innate and adaptive intrahepatic antiviral responses are an intricate balance of immune effector cells and cytokines that control virus replication but can also cause liver damage. IL-22 is an important cytokine that plays a pleiotropic protective, but sometimes also pathological, role in several tissues/organs, including the liver. Therefore, IL-22 is likely to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of HBV and HCV infection. However, the precise beneficial, and possible detrimental, effects of this cytokine may vary among different disease states that are associated with distinct inflammatory microenvironments. This review summarizes our understanding of the protective and pathological activities of IL-22, with an emphasis on the liver, and discusses the implications of these effects as they relate to viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Cobleigh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8023, USA
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40
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Sabat R, Wolk K. Research in practice: IL-22 and IL-20: significance for epithelial homeostasis and psoriasis pathogenesis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011; 9:518-23. [PMID: 21251229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2011.07611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a frequent, chronically relapsing, immune-mediated, systemic disease with characteristic skin changes. Despite the importance of this disease there are currently limited therapeutic options indicating a need for effective, long-lasting treatment strategies with few side effects. The most recent discoveries regarding psoriasis pathogenesis, particularly our results regarding two cytokines - IL-22 and IL-20 - could prove to be the foundation for such therapies. Whereas IL-22 is mainly produced by activated T-cell sub-populations (Th22, Th1, Th17), monocytes, dendritic cells and keratinocytes produce IL-20. Blood and lesional skin samples from psoriasis patients demonstrate high levels of IL-22 and IL-20. Interestingly, both cytokines act principally on keratinocytes and do not impact the immune system. Similar to the changes in the psoriasis epidermis these cytokines inhibit the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes although they simultaneously increase their innate defense, mobility, and the production of some chemokines. Some IL-22 effects are amplified by TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-α. IL-22/IL-20 lends the reconstructed epidermis a psoriasis-like appearance with acanthosis, hypogranularity, and hyperkeratosis. In addition, mice that constitutively express high levels of IL-22 or IL-20 demonstrate a psoriasis-like appearance. A therapy counteracting IL-22 and IL-20 would be an innovative treatment with the potential for few side effects that would act on the final phase of psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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41
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Qiao D, Yang BY, Li L, Ma JJ, Zhang XL, Lao SH, Wu CY. ESAT-6- and CFP-10-specific Th1, Th22 and Th17 cells in tuberculous pleurisy may contribute to the local immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:330-7. [PMID: 21223348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Th1 cell-mediated adaptive immune response is very important but may not be sufficient to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. The roles of the various T cell subsets and cytokines in the inflammatory processes are not clearly elucidated. We investigated whether Th1, Th22 and Th17 cells mediated cellular immunity at the local site of M. tuberculosis infection in patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TBP). The results showed that the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-22 but not IL-17 were elevated in tubercular pleural fluid. Following stimulation with immune-dominant peptides of early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6), culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) or Bacille Calmette-Guerin, pleural fluid mononuclear cells expressed high levels of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-22 and IL-17 as revealed by mRNA and protein measurements. In addition, we showed that cytokines IFN-γ, IL-22 and IL-17 were produced in M. tuberculosis-specific immune response by distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells with the phenotype of CD45RA-CD62L-CCR7+CD27+ . Our results demonstrated for the first time that ESAT-6- and CFP-10-specific Th1, Th22 and Th17 cells existed in the patients with TBP and might play an essential role against M. tuberculosis infection. The findings of this study raised the possibility of unravelling the critical targets for therapeutic intervention in chronic inflammatory diseases such as TBP.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Pleural Effusion/immunology
- Pleural Effusion/metabolism
- Pleural Effusion/pathology
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- D Qiao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Chest Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Liang SC, Nickerson-Nutter C, Pittman DD, Carrier Y, Goodwin DG, Shields KM, Lambert AJ, Schelling SH, Medley QG, Ma HL, Collins M, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Fouser LA. IL-22 induces an acute-phase response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 185:5531-8. [PMID: 20870942 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 is made by a unique set of innate and adaptive immune cells, including the recently identified noncytolytic NK, lymphoid tissue-inducer, Th17, and Th22 cells. The direct effects of IL-22 are restricted to nonhematopoietic cells, its receptor expressed on the surface of only epithelial cells and some fibroblasts in various organs, including parenchymal tissue of the gut, lung, skin, and liver. Despite this cellular restriction on IL-22 activity, we demonstrate that IL-22 induces effects on systemic biochemical, cellular, and physiological parameters. By utilizing adenoviral-mediated delivery of IL-22 and systemic administration of IL-22 protein, we observed that IL-22 modulates factors involved in coagulation, including fibrinogen levels and platelet numbers, and cellular constituents of blood, such as neutrophil and RBC counts. Furthermore, we observed that IL-22 induces thymic atrophy, body weight loss, and renal proximal tubule metabolic activity. These cellular and physiological parameters are indicative of a systemic inflammatory state. We observed that IL-22 induces biochemical changes in the liver including induction of fibrinogen, CXCL1, and serum amyloid A that likely contribute to the reported cellular and physiological effects of IL-22. Based on these findings, we propose that downstream of its expression and impact in local tissue inflammation, circulating IL-22 can further induce changes in systemic physiology that is indicative of an acute-phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Liang
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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43
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Abstract
In 2001, six immune mediators (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26) were grouped into the so-called IL-10 family of cytokines based on their similarities with respect to the structure and location of their encoding genes, their primary and secondary protein structures, and the receptor complexes used. Surprisingly, despite all these similarities, IL-10 family members possess different biological functions. The currently known facts regarding the biological effects of these six immune mediators give the impression that at least IL-10, IL-20, and IL-22 play an important role in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases. This review provides an overview of the most important and common aspects of the IL-10 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Interdisciplinary group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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44
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Witte E, Witte K, Warszawska K, Sabat R, Wolk K. Interleukin-22: a cytokine produced by T, NK and NKT cell subsets, with importance in the innate immune defense and tissue protection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:365-79. [PMID: 20870448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that is produced by special immune cell populations, including Th22, Th1, and Th17 cells, classical and non-classical (NK-22) NK cells, NKT cells, and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. This cytokine does not influence cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Instead, its target cells are certain tissue cells from the skin, liver and kidney, and from organs of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The main biological role of IL-22 includes the increase of innate immunity, protection from damage, and enhancement of regeneration. IL-22 can play either a protective or a pathogenic role in chronic inflammatory diseases depending on the nature of the affected tissue and the local cytokine milieu. This review highlights the primary effects of IL-22 on its target cells, its role in the defense against infections, in tumorigenesis, in inflammatory diseases and allergy as well as the potential of the therapeutic modulation of IL-22 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Witte
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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45
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Sabat R, Grütz G, Warszawska K, Kirsch S, Witte E, Wolk K, Geginat J. Biology of interleukin-10. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:331-44. [PMID: 21115385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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46
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Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) family of cytokines includes a number of its viral homologs and eight cellular cytokines (IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The latter three proteins are also known as IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ1, and are recognized as type III (or λ) interferons. Most of the cellular homologs of IL-10 are monomeric in solution, whereas IL-10 and its viral homologs are intercalated dimers consisting of two helical bundle domains topologically similar to the monomeric members of the family. A classical four-helix bundle, a signature element of all helical cytokines, is always found as part of the domain of each member of the IL-10 family. The only crystal structures of these cytokine receptors that have been determined to date are for their extracellular domains (ECDs). Each ECD consists of two β-sandwich domains connected in the middle by a linkage. Signal transduction occurs when a cytokine binds to its two appropriate receptor chains. IL-10 and its viral homologs use the same IL-10 receptor system, whereas the cellular homologs of IL-10 use their own receptors, which in some cases may overlap and be used in different pairwise combinations. The known structures of binary complexes allowed for marking of the receptor binding site, which always includes helix A, loop AB and helix F (IL-10 notations) on the side of a ligand, loops of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains directed toward the ligand, and the interdomain linkage of the ECD. An analysis of the published structures of both the binary and ternary complexes of all helical cytokines allowed for the generation of a model of the signaling complex of IL-10. The receptor binding site I of the high affinity receptor IL-10R1 is exactly the same as in the crystal structure of the binary IL-10/sIL-10R1 complex, whereas the receptor binding site II is located on the surface of the first and the third helices of the four-helix bundle. The receptor/receptor interface, or site III, is formed between the C-terminal domains of IL-10R1 and IL-10R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zdanov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, United States.
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47
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Trivella DBB, Ferreira-Júnior JR, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Structure and function of interleukin-22 and other members of the interleukin-10 family. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2909-35. [PMID: 20454917 PMCID: PMC11115847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The IL-10 family of cytokines is comprised of IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and IFN-lambdas (IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The IL-10 family members bind to shared class II cytokine receptor chains that associate in various combinations in heterodimeric complexes. Upon interleukin/receptor complex formation, these proteins switch on the Jak/STAT pathway and elicit pleiotropic biological responses whose variety sharply contrasts with their structural similarities. IL-10 family members are involved in several human diseases and health conditions and hence their structural analyses may provide valuable information to design specific therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the human interleukin-10 family of cytokines, focusing on their structures and functions, with particular attention given to IL-22 and IL-10. We report on the recently published structures of IL-10 cytokine family members and their complexes with cognate transmembrane and soluble receptors as well as on interleukin physiology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barretto Barbosa Trivella
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - José Ribamar Ferreira-Júnior
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP CEP 03828-000 Brazil
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Christian de Duve Institute, Universite’ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Christian de Duve Institute, Universite’ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590 Brazil
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48
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Witte K, Witte E, Sabat R, Wolk K. IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29: promising cytokines with type I interferon-like properties. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:237-51. [PMID: 20655797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-28A, IL-28B and IL-29 (also designated type III interferons) constitute a new subfamily within the IL-10-interferon family. They are produced by virtually any nucleated cell type, particularly dendritic cells, following viral infection or activation with bacterial components, and mediate their effects via the IL-28R1/IL-10R2 receptor complex. Although IL-28/IL-29 are closer to the IL-10-related cytokines in terms of gene structure, protein structure, and receptor usage, they display type I interferon-like anti-viral and cytostatic activities. Unlike type I interferons, the target cell populations of IL-28/IL-29 are restricted and mainly include epithelial cells and hepatocytes. These properties suggest that IL-28/IL-29 are potential therapeutic alternatives to type I interferons in terms of viral infections and tumors. This review describes the current knowledge about these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Witte
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Yoon SI, Jones BC, Logsdon NJ, Harris BD, Deshpande A, Radaeva S, Halloran BA, Gao B, Walter MR. Structure and mechanism of receptor sharing by the IL-10R2 common chain. Structure 2010; 18:638-48. [PMID: 20462497 PMCID: PMC2879597 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-10R2 is a shared cell surface receptor required for the activation of five class 2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29) that play critical roles in host defense. To define the molecular mechanisms that regulate its promiscuous binding, we have determined the crystal structure of the IL-10R2 ectodomain at 2.14 A resolution. IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes. The models reveal a conserved binding epitope that is surrounded by two clefts that accommodate the structural and chemical diversity of the cytokines. These results provide a structural framework for interpreting IL-10R2 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-il Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Brandi C. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Naomi J. Logsdon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Bethany D. Harris
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ashlesha Deshpande
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- Section on Liver Biology, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brian A. Halloran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Bin Gao
- Section on Liver Biology, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark R. Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Arias JF, Nishihara R, Bala M, Ikuta K. High systemic levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-22 and C-reactive protein in Indian patients are associated with low in vitro replication of HIV-1 subtype C viruses. Retrovirology 2010; 7:15. [PMID: 20211031 PMCID: PMC2841095 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) accounts for almost 50% of all HIV-1 infections worldwide and predominates in countries with the highest case-loads globally. Functional studies suggest that HIV-1C is unique in its biological properties, and there are contradicting reports about its replicative characteristics. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the host cytokine environment modulates the in vitro replication capacity of HIV-1C viruses. METHODS A small subset of HIV-1C isolates showing efficient replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is described, and the association of in vitro replication capacity with disease progression markers and the host cytokine response was evaluated. Viruses were isolated from patient samples, and the corresponding in vitro growth kinetics were determined by monitoring for p24 production. Genotype, phenotype and co-receptor usage were determined for all isolates, while clinical category, CD4 cell counts and viral loads were recorded for all patients. Plasmatic concentrations of cytokines and, acute-phase response, and microbial translocation markers were determined; and the effect of cytokine treatment on in vitro replication rates was also measured. RESULTS We identified a small number of viral isolates showing high in vitro replication capacity in healthy-donor PBMC. HIV-1C usage of CXCR4 co-receptor was rare; therefore, it did not account for the differences in replication potential observed. There was also no correlation between the in vitro replication capacity of HIV-1C isolates and patients' disease status. Efficient virus growth was significantly associated with low interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-22 (IL-22), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in plasma (p < .0001). In vitro, pretreatment of virus cultures with IL-10 and CRP resulted in a significant reduction of virus production, whereas IL-22, which lacks action on immune cells appears to mediate its anti-HIV effect through interaction with both IL-10 and CRP, and its own protective effect on mucosal membranes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that high systemic levels of IL-10, CRP and IL-22 in HIV-1C-infected Indian patients are associated with low viral replication in vitro, and that the former two have direct inhibitory effects whereas the latter acts through downstream mechanisms that remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Arias
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Viral Emergent Diseases Research Group (VIREM), Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manju Bala
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Regional STD Teaching, Training and Research Center, VM Medical College & Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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