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Kim JH, Ahn JS, Lee DS, Hong SH, Lee HJ. Anti-Cancer Effect of Neural Stem Cells Transfected with Carboxylesterase and sTRAIL Genes in Animals with Brain Lesions of Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1156. [PMID: 37631070 PMCID: PMC10458428 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A metastatic brain tumor is the most common type of malignancy in the central nervous system, which is one of the leading causes of death in patients with lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel treatment for metastatic brain tumors with lung cancer using neural stem cells (NSCs), which encode rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) and the secretion form of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL). rCE and/or sTRAIL were transduced in immortalized human fetal NSCs, HB1.F3. The cytotoxic effects of the therapeutic cells on human lung cancer cells were evaluated in vitro with the ligands and decoy receptor expression for sTRAIL in the presence of CPT-11. Human NSCs encoding rCE (F3.CE and F3.CE.sTRAIL) significantly inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells in the presence of CPT-11 in vitro. Lung cancer cells were inoculated in immune-deficient mice, and therapeutic cells were transplanted systematically through intracardiac arterial injection and then treated with CPT-11. In resting state, DR4 expression in lung cancer cells and DcR1 in NSCs increased to 70% and 90% after CPT-11 addition, respectively. The volumes of the tumors in immune-deficient mice were reduced significantly in mice with F3.CE.sTRAIL transplantation and CPT-11 treatment. The survival was also significantly prolonged with treatment with F3.sTRAIL and F3.CE plus CPT-11 as well as F3.CE.sTRAIL plus CPT-11. NSCs transduced with rCE and sTRAIL genes showed a significant anti-cancer effect on brain metastatic lung cancer in vivo and in vitro, and the effect may be synergistic when rCE/CPT-11 and sTRAIL are combined. This stem-cell-based study using two therapeutic genes of different biological effects can be translatable to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hak Kim
- Research Institute, Humetacell Inc., Bucheon-si 14786, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong J. Lee
- Research Institute, Humetacell Inc., Bucheon-si 14786, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
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2
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Díaz-Rivera A, Meza-Ríos A, Chagoya de Sánchez V, Velasco-Loyden G, García-Benavides L, Jave-Suarez LF, Monroy-Ramirez HC, Santos-García A, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Sandoval-Rodríguez A. Hydrodynamics-based liver transfection achieves gene silencing of CB1 using short hairpin RNA plasmid in cirrhotic rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228729. [PMID: 32053633 PMCID: PMC7018086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a correlation between the endocannabinoid system and hepatic fibrosis based on the activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors; where CB1 has profibrogenic effects. Gene therapy with a plasmid carrying a shRNA for CB1 delivered by hydrodynamic injection has the advantage of hepatic tropism, avoiding possible undesirable effects of CB1 pharmacological inhibition. Objective To evaluate hydrodynamics-based liver transfection in an experimental model of liver cirrhosis of a plasmid with the sequence of a shRNA for CB1 and its antifibrogenic effects Methods Three shRNA (21pb) were designed for blocking CB1 mRNA at positions 877, 1232 and 1501 (pshCB1-A, B, C). Sequences were cloned in the pENTR™/U6. Safety was evaluated monitoring CB1 expression in brain tissue. The silencing effect was determined in rat HSC primary culture and CCl4 cirrhosis model. Hydrodynamic injection in cirrhotic liver was through iliac vein and with a dose of 3mg/kg plasmid. Serum levels of liver enzymes, mRNA levels of TGF-β1, Col IA1 and α-SMA and the percentage of fibrotic tissue were analyzed. Results Hydrodynamic injection allows efficient CB1 silencing in cirrhotic livers and pshCB1-B (position 1232) demonstrated the main CB1-silencing. Using this plasmid, mRNA level of fibrogenic molecules and fibrotic tissue considerably decrease in cirrhotic animals. Brain expression of CB1 remained unaltered. Conclusion Hydrodynamics allows a hepatotropic and secure transfection in cirrhotic animals. The sequence of the shCB1-B carried in a plasmid or any other vector has the potential to be used as therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Alanine Transaminase/blood
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Brain/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Silencing
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/cytology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hydrodynamics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Plasmids/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Díaz-Rivera
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Leonel García-Benavides
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Centro Universitario de Tonala, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonala, Mexico
| | - Luis F. Jave-Suarez
- Immunology Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramirez
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- * E-mail: (ASR); (JAB)
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- * E-mail: (ASR); (JAB)
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3
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Tada H, Kishida T, Fujiwara H, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Okamoto K, Otsuji E, Mazda O. Reprogrammed chondrocytes engineered to produce IL-12 provide novel ex vivo immune-gene therapy for cancer. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:239-248. [PMID: 28231722 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The somatic cell reprogramming technology was applied to a novel and promising ex vivo immune-gene therapy strategy for cancer. To establish a novel ex vivo cytokine gene therapy of cancer using the somatic cell reprogramming procedures. METHODS Mouse fibroblasts were converted into chondrocytes and subsequently transduced with IL-12 gene. The resultant IL-12 induced chondrogenic cells were irradiated with x-ray and inoculated into mice bearing CT26 colon cancer. RESULTS The irradiation at 20 Gy or higher totally eliminated the proliferative potential of the cells, while less significantly influencing the IL-12 production from the cells. An inoculation of the irradiated IL-12 induced chondrogenic cells significantly suppressed tumor by inducing tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, enhancing natural killer tumoricidal activity and inhibiting tumor neoangiogenesis in the mice. CONCLUSION The somatic cell reprogramming procedures may provide a novel and effective means to treat malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tada
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Kishida T, Hiromura Y, Shin-Ya M, Asada H, Kuriyama H, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Yokota Y, Hama T, Imanishi J, Hisa Y, Mazda O. IL-21 induces inhibitor of differentiation 2 and leads to complete abrogation of anaphylaxis in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 179:8554-61. [PMID: 18056403 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-21 exerts pleiotrophic immunomodulatory activities on a variety of target cells including B cells that undergo class switch recombination (CSR) to IgE. In this study, we examined whether IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis was controlled by in vivo administration of IL-21 using the peanut allergy model in mice and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the IL-21-induced regulation of IgE. The anaphylactic reaction was completely abolished by the administration of recombinant mouse IL-21 or an IL-21 expression plasmid in terms of the change of body temperature and anaphylactic symptoms. The recombinant mouse IL-21 treatment remarkably suppressed IgE CSR in splenic B cells, resulting in significant decrease in serum concentrations of total as well as allergen-specific IgE. In the meanwhile, IL-21 provoked B cells in normal as well as allergic mice to express the inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) gene that was shown to be crucially involved in the regulation of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase and IgE CSR. Moreover, mice genetically deficient for Id2 were completely unsusceptible to IL-21-induced prevention of IgE CSR and anaphylaxis. The present study strongly suggests that IL-21 is capable of regulating systemic allergic reactions by inducing the transcriptional regulator Id2, and the cytokine may be useful for clinical intervention for allergic diseases including anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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5
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Pleiotrophic functions of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and oriP differentially contribute to the efficiency of transfection/expression of exogenous gene in mammalian cells. J Biotechnol 2008; 133:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Efficient and safe methods for delivering genetic materials into cells must be developed before the clinical potential of gene therapy can be fully realized. Recently, hydrodynamic gene delivery using a rapid injection of a relatively large volume of DNA solution has opened up a new avenue for gene therapy studies in vivo. This method is superior to the existing delivery systems because of its simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. Wide success in applying hydrodynamic principles to delivery of DNA, RNA, proteins, and synthetic compounds, into the cells in various tissues of small animals, has inspired the recent attempts at establishing a hydrodynamic procedure for clinical use. In this review, we provide an overview of the theory and practice of hydrodynamic gene delivery so as to aid researchers for the use of this method in their pre-clinical and translational gene therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suda
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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7
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Saito M, Mazda O, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Kishida T, Shin-Ya M, Inoue A, Tonomura H, Sakao K, Morihara T, Imanishi J, Kawata M, Kubo T. Sonoporation mediated transduction of pDNA/siRNA into joint synovium in vivo. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:1308-16. [PMID: 17549706 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of sonoporation method on in vivo transduction of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) into joint tissue. pGEG.GL3 plasmid was mixed with microbubble and injected into knee joints of rats. Ultrasound sonication was performed percutaneously. Three days after injection, GL3 expression of synovial tissue was determined by luciferase assay and RT-PCR. siRNA specific for GL3 (siGL3) or nonspecific siRNA were mixed with pGEG.GL3 plasmid and transduced by sonoporation. siRNA specific for EGFP (siEGFP) was transduced into the knee joints of EGFP transgenic rats, and gene silencing effects for endogenous gene were examined. To determine the localization of transduced siRNA, fluorescently labeled siRNA was transduced into joints. The expression of GL3 in the synovium was significantly enhanced by sonoporation. The gene expression was only seen in the synovium of the knee joint. The expression of GL3 was remarkably suppressed by co-transduction of siGL3, but not suppressed by nonspecific siRNA. siEGFP transduced by sonoporation attenuated green fluorescence on the surface layer of synovium of EGFP transgenic rats. The fluorescently labeled siRNA was seen in the synovium around the patella, femur, and tibia. Sonoporation is examined as a recent, novel, gene transduction method, and the advantage of this technique is minimal invasiveness. In this study, we showed that pDNA/siRNA can be transduced specifically into the joint synovium using sonoporation. The present method may be useful in nucleic acid therapy for joint disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Saito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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8
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Ishii M, Iwai M, Harada Y, Kishida T, Asada H, Shin-Ya M, Itoh Y, Imanishi J, Okanoue T, Mazda O. Soluble TRAIL gene and actinomycin D synergistically suppressed multiple metastasis of TRAIL-resistant colon cancer in the liver. Cancer Lett 2007; 245:134-43. [PMID: 16478647 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic liver tumors are highly malignant and refractory to conventional therapies. TRAIL-resistant CT-26 cells underwent apoptosis in vitro in the presence of both recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) and a suboptimal dose of actinomycin D (ACD). Co-administration of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) gene and ACD suppressed the metastatic liver tumors of CT-26, significantly inducing apoptosis in the tumors, while such effects were not demonstrated in mice that received either the sTRAIL gene or ACD alone. The gene therapy of sTRAIL with a suboptimal dose of an anticancer drug is a new strategy for treatment of multiple liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Ishii
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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9
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van Gaal EVB, Hennink WE, Crommelin DJA, Mastrobattista E. Plasmid engineering for controlled and sustained gene expression for nonviral gene therapy. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1053-74. [PMID: 16715361 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy requires the introduction of genetic material in diseased cells with the aim of treating or ultimately curing a disease. Since the start of gene therapy clinical trials in 1990, gene therapy has proven to be possible, but studies to date have highlighted the difficulty of achieving efficient, specific, and long-term transgene expression. Efforts to improve gene therapy strategies over the past years were mainly aimed at solving the problem of delivery, without paying much attention to the optimization of the expression cassette. With the current understanding of the eukaryotic transcription machinery and advanced molecular biology techniques at our disposition, it has now become possible to create custom-made transgene expression cassettes optimized for gene therapy applications. In this review, we will discuss several strategies that have been explored to improve the level and duration of transgene expression, to increase control over expression, or to restrict transgene expression to specific cell types or tissues. Although still in its infancy, such strategies will eventually lead to improvement of nonviral gene therapy and expansion of the range of possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethlinn V B van Gaal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ren C, Zhao M, Yang X, Li D, Jiang X, Wang L, Shan W, Yang H, Zhou L, Zhou W, Zhang H. Establishment and Applications of Epstein-Barr Virus-Based Episomal Vectors in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1338-47. [PMID: 16410388 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are capable of unlimited cell proliferation yet maintain the potential to differentiate into many cell types. Here we reported an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based vector system used to improve transfection efficiency in hES cells. Plasmids containing oriP, the latent replication origin of EBV, can be propagated stably as episomal DNA in human cells that express the EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), which binds to oriP and functions as the trans-acting replication initiator. It was reported that the EBV replicon could harbor a DNA fragment of up to 330 kilobase pairs. Plasmids containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/puromycin resistance gene cassette along with or without oriP were used to transfect hES cells that stably express EBNA1. The presence of oriP moderately increased the transient transfection efficiency and more importantly it elevated the stable transfection efficiency by approximately 1,000-fold as compared with oriP-minus plasmids. The oriP plasmid as episomal DNA and green fluorescent protein expression in hES cells was maintained for months in the presence of drug selection and gradually lost (2%-4% per cell doubling) in the absence of selection. The presence of EBNA1 did not interfere with the hES cell properties or differentiation we tested and could maintain stable EGFP expression during differentiation. In addition to transgene expression, the EBV vector system could effectively enhance the RNA interference efficiency in hES cells. Thus, the EBV vector system that allows a large DNA insert and sustained expression of transgene or small hairpin RNA will enhance basic and translational research using hES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Iida Y, Oda Y, Nakamori S, Tsunoda S, Kishida T, Gojo S, Shin-Ya M, Asada H, Imanishi J, Yoshikawa T, Matsubara H, Mazda O. Transthoracic direct current shock facilitates intramyocardial transfection of naked plasmid DNA infused via coronary vessels in canines. Gene Ther 2006; 13:906-16. [PMID: 16511524 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-mediated, percutaneous, transluminal delivery of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) into myocardium may offer a valuable strategy to heart diseases. Here, we examined whether clinically available transthoracic direct current (DC) shock improves intracoronary naked DNA transfection into myocardium. Plasmid vector encoding the GL3 luciferase was infused retrogradely into the coronary veins of beagle dogs, whereas another pDNA solution was infused into the left coronary artery. During and after these procedures, the coronary venous sinus was occluded by balloon, and transthoracic DC shock of 200 J was applied immediately after the infusions. Without DC shock, no remarkable increase in luciferase activity was demonstrated in any part of the left ventricular myocardium. In the presence of DC pulsation, significant luciferase expression was detected in the regions that were supplied by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), whereas the gene expression in the right coronary artery (RCA) regions was much less drastic. X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside) staining of cardiac cross-sections also revealed regional expression of beta-galactosidase. Immunohistochemical examinations of heart cryosections revealed that cardiomyocytes in LAD regions successfully expressed transgene product. The present system may enable a new strategy for myocardial gene therapy, without any special device or technique other than cardiac catheterization and DC cardioversion that are generally performed in ordinary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iida
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Vascular Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamikyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Al-Dosari M, Zhang G, Knapp JE, Liu D. Evaluation of viral and mammalian promoters for driving transgene expression in mouse liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 339:673-8. [PMID: 16316630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen luciferase plasmid constructs driven by various promoters including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), human serum albumin (SA), alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, mouse CYP2b10, human amyloid precursor protein (APP), chicken beta actin (ACT), nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), and heat shock protein 70 (HS) promoters were hydrodynamically introduced into mouse hepatocytes, and the level and persistence of luciferase gene expression were examined. Eight hours post-gene transfer, the CMV and AAT promoters showed the highest activity, followed by the CYP2D6, HS, and RSV promoters which were slightly less active. The human serum albumin promoter exhibited the lowest activity among the promoters examined. The time course of gene expression showed a two-phase decline in luciferase activity with a rapid phase within the first 5-7 days and a slower decline thereafter. Results from Southern and Northern blot analyses revealed a good correlation between the decline of luciferase activity and the decrease in mRNA level, suggesting promoter silencing as the possible mechanism for the observed transient luciferase gene expression. Inclusion of EBN1 and oriP sequences of Epstein-Barr virus into the plasmid extended the period of active transcription for about one week. These results provide important information concerning the role of promoters in regulating transgene expression and for the proper design of plasmids for gene expression and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Tsunoda S, Mazda O, Oda Y, Iida Y, Akabame S, Kishida T, Shin-Ya M, Asada H, Gojo S, Imanishi J, Matsubara H, Yoshikawa T. Sonoporation using microbubble BR14 promotes pDNA/siRNA transduction to murine heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336:118-27. [PMID: 16125678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes were transduced into adult murine heart by means of sonoporation using the third-generation microbubble, BR14. Plasmid DNAs carrying luciferase, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter genes were mixed with BR14 and injected percutaneously into the left ventricular (LV) cavity of C57BL/6 mice while exposed to transthoracic ultrasound at 1MHz for 60s. Sonoporation at an output intensity of 2.0W/cm(2) and a 50% pulse duty ratio resulted in the highest luciferase expression in the heart. Histological examinations revealed significant expression of the beta-gal and EGFP reporters in the subendocardial myocardium of LV. Intraventricular co-injection of siRNA-GFP and BR14 with concomitant ultrasonic exposure resulted in substantial reduction in EGFP expression in the coronary artery in EGFP transgenic mice. The present method may be applicable to gain-of-function and loss-of-function genetic engineering in vivo of adult murine heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Tsunoda
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Vascular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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14
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Sato YT, Hamada T, Kubo K, Yamada A, Kishida T, Mazda O, Yoshikawa K. Folding transition into a loosely collapsed state in plasmid DNA as revealed by single-molecule observation. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3095-9. [PMID: 15907841 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The conformational transition of a plasmid DNA, pGEG.GL3 (12.5 kbp, circular), induced by spermine(4+) was studied through the observation of individual DNA by fluorescence microscopy. We deduced the change in the hydrodynamic radius R(H) from an analysis of the Brownian motion of single DNA molecules. R(H) decreases in a continuous manner with an increase in spermine(4+), in contrast to the large discrete on/off change for long linear DNA. Just after the transition to the collapsed state, a small number of DNA molecules tend to form an assembly, which disperses in the bulk solution without precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko T Sato
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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15
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Kobayashi N, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y. The hydrodynamics-based procedure for controlling the pharmacokinetics of gene medicines at whole body, organ and cellular levels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:713-31. [PMID: 15757757 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodynamics-based gene delivery, involving a large-volume and high-speed intravenous injection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA), gives a significantly high level of transgene expression in vivo. This has attracted a lot of attention and has been used very frequently as an efficient, simple and convenient transfection method for laboratory animals. Until recently, however, little information has been published on the pharmacokinetics of the injected DNA molecules and of the detailed mechanisms underlying the efficient gene transfer. We and other groups have very recently demonstrated that the mechanism for the hydrodynamics-based gene transfer would involve, in part, the direct cytosolic delivery of pDNA through the cell membrane due to transiently enhanced permeability. Along with the findings in our series of studies, this article reviews the cumulative reports and other intriguing information on the controlled pharmacokinetics of naked pDNA in the hydrodynamics-based gene delivery. In addition, we describe various applications reported so far, as well as the current attempts and proposals to develop novel gene medicines for future gene therapy using the concept of the hydrodynamics-based procedure. Furthermore, the issues associated with the clinical feasibility of its seemingly invasive nature, which is probably the most common concern about this hydrodynamics-based procedure, are discussed along with its future prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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16
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Cui FD, Asada H, Jin ML, Kishida T, Shin-Ya M, Nakaya T, Kita M, Ishii M, Iwai M, Okanoue T, Imanishi J, Mazda O. Cytokine genetic adjuvant facilitates prophylactic intravascular DNA vaccine against acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection in mice. Gene Ther 2005; 12:160-8. [PMID: 15470476 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) effectively induces prophylactic immunity against lethal HSV-1 infection in mice. We investigated whether the vaccine potency is further improved by coadministration of cytokine genes together with a low dose of genetic vaccine. pDNA encoding IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 or IL-21 was capable of elevating survival rates of HSV-1-infected mice when coinjected with 1 microg of gB pDNA, while IL-10 gene delivery failed to affect the effectiveness of the genetic immunization. Although only 17% of mice survived acute HSV infection after the gB pDNA vaccination at a dose of 1 microg, all mice coadministered with 1 microg each of gB and IL-12 pDNAs not only survived the acute infection but also escaped latent infection. In these animals, the neutralizing antibody against HSV-1 was abundantly produced, and CTL activity against the gB antigen was augmented. Coadministration of the gB and IL-12 genes also elevated the serum level of interferon-gamma. Adaptive transfer experiments indicated that soluble factors contributed to preventive immunity, while cell components alone were not capable of protecting mice from fatal viral infection. These results strongly suggest potential usefulness of Th1 cytokine genes as effective molecular adjuvants that facilitate specific humoral as well as cellular immune responses elicited by intravascular molecular vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-D Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Kokura S, Yoshida N, Ishikawa T, Higashihara H, Sakamoto N, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Naito Y, Mazda O, Okanoue T, Yoshikawa T. Interleukin-10 plasmid DNA inhibits subcutaneous tumor growth of Colon26 adenocarcinoma in mice. Cancer Lett 2005; 218:171-9. [PMID: 15670894 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-kappa B is constitutively activated in many human cancers, and induces the expression of multiple proteins including antiapoptotic proteins. Recent papers indicate that NF-kappa B activation is inhibited by interleukin (IL)-10. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-10 plasmid DNA on colon cancer in mice. In vitro study: Colon 26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells were either treated or untreated with IL-10 for 60 min. The cells were subsequently stimulated with TNF-alpha. In vivo study: to induce a high level of IL-10 in plasma, we transferred the naked plasmid vectors encoding the mouse IL-10 gene into the liver via the intravenous route. To establish tumors, we injected Colon 26 cells into BALB/c mice subcutaneously. In vitro study: a 24-h incubation with TNF-alpha did not affect cell viabilities; however, pretreatment with IL-10 significantly enhanced the level of apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. Pretreating Colon 26 cells with IL-10 significantly attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation. In vivo study: IL-10 plasmid controlled the growth of subcutaneous tumors. In subcutaneous tumor, NF-kappa B was activated in response to tumor growth. IL-10 plasmid markedly inhibited this activation of NF-kappa B in subcutaneous tumor. IL-10 plasmid induced cancer cell apoptosis linked to the down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins, and the activation of caspase-3. These results demonstrate that IL-10 plasmid may constitute a new strategy for treating cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kokura
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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18
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Nakano H, Kishida T, Asada H, Shin-Ya M, Shinomiya T, Imanishi J, Shimada T, Nakai S, Takeuchi M, Hisa Y, Mazda O. Interleukin-21 triggers both cellular and humoral immune responses leading to therapeutic antitumor effects against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Gene Med 2005; 8:90-9. [PMID: 16097036 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-21 (IL-21) plays important roles in the regulation of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. We hypothesized that the cytokine may provide a novel immunotherapy strategy for cancer by stimulating both Th1 and Th2 immune responses. In this context, antitumor immunity induced by IL-21 was examined in mice bearing subcutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). METHODS A plasmid vector encoding murine IL-21 was injected intravenously into mice with pre-established HNSCC tumors, either alone or in combination with a vector construct expressing IL-15. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and NK killing activities were evaluated by chrome release assays, while HNSCC-specific antibody was examined by flow cytometry and ELISA. RESULTS Significant antitumor effects were obtained by repeated transfection with either the IL-21 or the IL-15 gene. Co-administration of both cytokine genes resulted in increased suppression of tumor growth, significantly prolonging the survival periods of the animals. Thirty percent of the tumor-bearing mice that received the combination therapy survived for more than 300 days, completely rejecting rechallenge with the tumor at a distant site. IL-21 induced significant elevation of HNSCC-specific CTL activity, while IL-21 and IL-15 augmented NK activity in an additive manner. IL-21 gene transfer also promoted the production of tumor-specific IgG. CONCLUSIONS In vivo transduction of the IL-21 gene elicits powerful antitumor immunity, including both humoral and cellular arms of the immune response, and results in significant suppression of pre-established HNSCC. Co-transfer of the IL-15 gene further improved the therapeutic outcome, mainly by augmenting NK tumoricidal activity. The biological effects of IL-21 may be in sharp contrast to those of conventional Th1 and Th2 cytokines, suggesting intriguing implications of this cytokine for the classical concept of Th1 vs. Th2 paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Al-Dosari MS, Knapp JE, Liu D. Hydrodynamic Delivery. NON-VIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE THERAPY, SECOND EDITION: PART 2 2005; 54:65-82. [PMID: 16096008 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic delivery has emerged as a near-perfect method for intracellular DNA delivery in vivo. For gene delivery to parenchymal cells, only essential DNA sequences need to be injected via a selected blood vessel, eliminating safety concerns associated with current viral and synthetic vectors. When injected into the bloodstream, DNA is capable of reaching cells in the different tissues accessible to the blood. Hydrodynamic delivery employs the force generated by the rapid injection of a large volume of solution into the incompressible blood in the circulation to overcome the physical barriers of endothelium and cell membranes that prevent large and membrane-impermeable compounds from entering parenchymal cells. In addition to the delivery of DNA, this method is useful for the efficient intracellular delivery of RNA, proteins, and other small compounds in vivo. This review discusses the development, current application, and clinical potential of hydrodynamic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Kishida T, Asada H, Itokawa Y, Cui FD, Shin-Ya M, Gojo S, Yasutomi K, Ueda Y, Yamagishi H, Imanishi J, Mazda O. Interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-15 genetic transfer synergistically augments therapeutic antitumor immunity and promotes regression of metastatic lymphoma. Mol Ther 2004; 8:552-8. [PMID: 14529827 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 supports proliferation of mature T and B cells and facilitates expansion and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL-15. However, the biological implications of IL-21 in vivo have not been fully elucidated. IL-21 and IL-15 expression plasmids were intravenously injected under high pressure into the tail veins of mice, which were subsequently challenged by an intravenous injection of RLmale1 lymphoma cells. The IL15 gene transfection significantly reduced the numbers of metastatic tumor foci in the liver. In contrast, when IL21 and IL15 genes were cotransfected, complete regression was achieved in 80% of the mice. The cytokine gene therapy was also performed in mice that had been intravenously inoculated with the tumor cells. Forty percent of mice that received a single injection of a mixture of cytokine genes successfully rejected the preestablished metastatic lymphoma and showed tumor-free survival for more than 300 days. IL-21 significantly elevated the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in the spleens of tumor-inoculated mice, while the two cytokines augmented NK killing activity in a synergistic manner. These results strongly suggest that the codelivery of IL-21 and IL-15 elicits powerful antitumor immune responses, resulting in marked therapeutic efficacy against metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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21
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He CX, Shi D, Wu WJ, Ding YF, Feng DM, Lu B, Chen HM, Yao JH, Shen Q, Lu DR, Xue JL. Insulin expression in livers of diabetic mice mediated by hydrodynamics-based administration. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:567-72. [PMID: 14966918 PMCID: PMC4716981 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i4.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: Transfer and expression of insulin gene in vivo are an alternative strategy to improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Hydrodynamics-based procedure has been proved to be very efficient to transfer naked DNA to mouse livers. The basal hepatic insulin production mediated by this rapid tail vein injection was studied to determine its effect on the resumption of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic mice.
METHODS: Engineered insulin cDNA was inserted into plasmid vectors under a CMV promoter, and transferred into STZ induced diabetic mice by hydrodynamic procedure. Glucose levels, body weight of treated mice, insulin levels, immunohistology of the liver, and quantity of insulin mRNA in the liver were assayed to identify the improvement of hyperglycemic complication after plasmid administration. Sleeping Beauty, a transposon system, was also used to prolong the insulin expression in the liver.
RESULTS: After plasmid administration, Plasma insulin was significantly increased in the diabetic mice and the livers were insulin-positive by immunostaining. At the same time the hyperglycemic complication was improved. The blood glucose levels of mice were reduced to normal. Glucose tolerance of the treated diabetic mice was improved. Body weight loss was also ameliorated. The rapid tail vein injection did not cause any fatal result.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that insulin gene could be efficiently transferred into the livers of diabetic mice via rapid tail vein injection and it resulted in high level of insulin expression. The basal hepatic insulin production mediated by hydrodynamics-based administration improved the glycemic control in type 1 diabetes dramatically and ameliorated diabetic syndromes. Hydrodynamics-based administration offers a simple and efficient way in the study of gene therapy for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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22
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Itokawa Y, Mazda O, Ueda Y, Kishida T, Asada H, Cui FD, Fuji N, Fujiwara H, Shin-Ya M, Yasutomi K, Imanishi J, Yamagishi H. Interleukin-12 genetic administration suppressed metastatic liver tumor unsusceptible to CTL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:1072-9. [PMID: 14751242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A cytokine gene therapy approach was conducted against metastatic lesions of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-unsusceptible tumor in mice. The EBV-based and conventional plasmid vectors that encode murine interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene (pGEG.mIL-12 and pG.mIL-12, respectively) were intravenously transfected into the mice that had received a subcutaneous inoculation of M5076 sarcoma cells. The pGEG.mIL-12 transfection drastically suppressed the subcutaneous as well as hepatic metastatic tumors, resulting in significant prolongation of survival period of the animals. Although single administration with pG.mIL-12 was not effective, repetitive transfection with the plasmid significantly prolonged the longevity of the mice-bearing the metastatic liver tumors. Multiple transfection with either pGEG.mIL-12 or pG.mIL-12 also suppressed peritoneal carcinomatosis in mice that had been injected with M5076 cells into the peritoneal cavity. It was suggested that a high level IL-12 production elicited by the intravenous delivery of the cytokine gene may be quite effective in inhibiting metastatic and CTL-unsusceptible neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Itokawa
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Cui FD, Asada H, Kishida T, Itokawa Y, Nakaya T, Ueda Y, Yamagishi H, Gojo S, Kita M, Imanishi J, Mazda O. Intravascular naked DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein B induces protective humoral and cellular immunity against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice. Gene Ther 2003; 10:2059-66. [PMID: 14595378 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) was tested for protective activity against acute HSV-1 infection in mice. The pDNA was intravenously injected into Balb/c mice via their tail vein under high pressure, and the vaccination was performed two times at an interval of 7 days. The gB gene vaccination significantly protected the mice from subsequent intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal dose of HSV-1, which killed all the animals given control plasmid or saline. The protective activity was correlated with the dose of the plasmid inoculated, the survival rate reaching 83% in mice vaccinated with 5 microg of pDNA. The vaccinated mice were also protected from latent HSV infection. The immunized mice showed significant elevation in neutralizing antibody against HSV-1 as well as serum levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). When mice were immunized with 5 microg of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vector harboring the gB, the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activity and proliferative response for HSV-1 were also induced. The results strongly suggest that intravenous immunization of naked pDNA may induce humoral and cellular immune responses against the virus, leading to a significant prophylactic outcome against HSV-1 infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-D Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Kishida T, Asada H, Itokawa Y, Yasutomi K, Shin-Ya M, Gojo S, Cui FD, Ueda Y, Yamagishi H, Imanishi J, Mazda O. Electrochemo-gene therapy of cancer: intratumoral delivery of interleukin-12 gene and bleomycin synergistically induced therapeutic immunity and suppressed subcutaneous and metastatic melanomas in mice. Mol Ther 2003; 8:738-45. [PMID: 14599806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To treat established melanoma in mice, intratumoral transfer of bleomycin and/or an interleukin (IL)-12 expression vector was performed by means of electroporation. Although either bleomycin alone or the IL12 gene alone significantly suppressed the subcutaneous tumors, the combination therapy drastically improved the therapeutic outcome. Three of eight mice (37.5%) that received both bleomycin and the IL12 gene showed complete remission of the preestablished tumors and rejected subsequent rechallenge with the tumor cells. We also examined whether electrochemo-gene therapy for subcutaneous tumor mass induced suppression of pulmonary metastasis that had been established by intravenous inoculation of the melanoma cells. Although metastatic foci were significantly reduced in number in groups that were given IL12 gene alone or bleomycin plus IL12 gene, it was only the combination therapy that significantly prolonged the mean survival period of the tumor-bearing animals. Natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytolytic activities were markedly enhanced in the mice that received the chemo-gene therapy, while IL12 gene therapy alone partially elevated the NK cytotoxicity. The present study suggests that the electroporation-mediated delivery of the IL12 gene and bleomycin synergistically elicits innate and adaptive anti-melanoma immune responses, resulting in marked suppression of the treated tumors as well as bystander metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamikyo, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Transient-transfection assays have been used to identify transcription factors, and genetic analyses of these factors can allow a dissection of their mechanism of activation. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) has been shown to activate transcription from transfected templates, but its ability to activate transcription from nuclear templates has been controversial. We have established cells with integrated EBNA-1-responsive templates and have shown that EBNA-1 activates transcription from these chromatin-embedded templates dose dependently. A mutational analysis of EBNA-1 has identified a domain required for transcriptional activation of integrated templates, but not of transfected templates. The ability of EBNA-1 to activate transcription from both integrated and transfected templates can be inhibited by a derivative of EBNA-1 lacking the amino acids required for activation from integrated templates. EBNA-1's mode of activating transfected templates is therefore genetically distinct from that acting on integrated templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Kennedy
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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26
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Yasutomi K, Itokawa Y, Asada H, Kishida T, Cui FD, Ohashi S, Gojo S, Ueda Y, Kubo T, Yamagishi H, Imanishi J, Takeuchi T, Mazda O. Intravascular insulin gene delivery as potential therapeutic intervention in diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:897-903. [PMID: 14550289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We assessed therapeutic potential of intravascular insulin gene delivery in a diabetic murine model. The rat proinsulin-1 gene cDNA engineered to harbor furin consensus cleavage sequences was inserted into EBV-based plasmid vectors that contained CAG promoter or multimerized rat insulin promoter (RIP). Normal or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were given an injection of the plasmids via the tail vein under high pressure. Transfection of the CAG-proinsulin construct markedly improved hyperglycemia of diabetic mice, accompanied by a considerable increase in serum insulin concentrations. Although the RIP-plasmid failed to reduce fasting blood glucose, the glucose tolerance test and RT-PCR analysis revealed that insulin production was regulated in the liver in a blood glucose level-dependent manner. The present results suggest a potential therapeutic means of controlling DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakei Yasutomi
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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27
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Efficient expression of human factor IX cDNA in liver mediated by hydrodynamics-based plasmid administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03187054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Nakanishi H, Mazda O, Satoh E, Asada H, Morioka H, Kishida T, Nakao M, Mizutani Y, Kawauchi A, Kita M, Imanishi J, Miki T. Nonviral genetic transfer of Fas ligand induced significant growth suppression and apoptotic tumor cell death in prostate cancer in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:434-42. [PMID: 12601398 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To accomplish efficient nonviral gene therapy against prostate cancer (PC), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vectors containing EBNA1 gene and oriP were employed and combined with a cationic polymer or cationic lipid. When EBV-plasmid/poly-amidoamine dendrimer complex was injected into PC-3-derived tumors established in severe combined immunodeficiency mice, a considerable expression of marker gene was obtained in the tumors, and the expression level was more than eight-fold higher than that achieved by conventional plasmid vector/dendrimer. Since most PC cells express the apoptotic signal molecule Fas (Apo-1/CD95) on their surface, Fas ligand (FasL) gene was transferred into PC cells to kill the tumor cells. In vitro transfection with pGEG.FasL (an EBV-plasmid with the FasL gene) significantly reduced the viability of PC cells, which subsequently underwent apoptosis. Intratumoral injections of pGEG.FasL into PC induced significant growth suppression of the xenograft tumors, in which typical characteristics of apoptosis were demonstrated by TUNEL staining and electron microscopic observations. When pGEG.FasL transfer was accompanied by systemic administrations of cisplatin, the tumors were inhibited even more remarkably, leading to prolonged survival of the animals. FasL gene transfection by means of EBV-based plasmid/cationic macromolecule complexes may provide a practical therapeutic strategy against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakanishi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Zhang J, Wilson A, Alber S, Ma Z, Tang ZL, Satoh E, Mazda O, Watkins S, Huang L, Pitt B, Li S. Prolonged gene expression in mouse lung endothelial cells following transfection with Epstein-Barr virus-based episomal plasmid. Gene Ther 2003; 10:822-6. [PMID: 12704423 PMCID: PMC7091729 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of a strategy to deliver a gene to pulmonary endothelium will be useful for gene function study and for pulmonary gene therapy. Cationic lipidic vectors are efficient in gene transfer to pulmonary endothelium via the vascular route; however, gene expression is transient and lasts for only a few days. In this study, we show that pulmonary gene transfer via cationic lipidic vectors can be significantly improved using an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based expression plasmid. Systemic administration of cationic liposomes followed by the EBV-based plasmid led to gene expression in the lung that lasted for more than 3 weeks. Prolonged and high levels of gene expression can also be obtained in primary mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) following lipofection with an EBV-based plasmid. These results suggest the utility of this gene transfer protocol in studying the expression of cloned genes in lung endothelial cells and in pulmonary gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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30
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Abstract
The success of gene therapy is largely dependent on the development of the gene delivery vector. Recently, gene transfection into target cells using naked DNA, which is a simple and safe approach, has been improved by combining several physical techniques, for example, electroporation, gene gun, ultrasound and hydrodynamic pressure. Chemical approaches have been utilized to improve the efficiency and cell specificity of gene transfer. Novel gene carrier molecules, which facilitate DNA escape from the endosome into the cytosol, have been developed. Several functional polymers, which enable controlled release of DNA in response to an environmental change, have also been reported. Plasmids with reduced number of CpG motifs, the use of PCR fragments and the sequential injection method have been established for the reduction of immune response triggered by plasmid DNA. Construction of a long-lasting gene expression system is also an important theme for nonviral gene therapy. To date, tissue-specific expression, self-replicating and integrating plasmid systems have been reported. Improvement of delivery methods together with intelligent design of the DNA itself has brought about large degrees of enhancement in the efficiency, specificity and temporal control of nonviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niidome
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, 633 Salk Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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31
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Rossmanith W, Chabicovsky M, Herkner K, Schulte-Hermann R. Cellular gene dose and kinetics of gene expression in mouse livers transfected by high-volume tail-vein injection of naked DNA. DNA Cell Biol 2002; 21:847-53. [PMID: 12489995 DOI: 10.1089/104454902320908496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct gene transfer to mammalian tissues has significant potential for biomedical research and gene therapy. Recently, the efficient transfer of naked plasmid DNA to the mouse liver by a rapid high-volume tail-vein injection was reported. We carried out a systematic analysis of the dose and time dependence of the expression of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene transferred by this technique. Surprisingly, the DNA concentration of the administered solution determined primarily the cellular gene dose and, hence, the expression of the transgene in individual hepatocytes, while the number of transfected cells was largely independent of the supplied plasmid mass. Transgene expression was transient: after a rapid onset and a peak at 8 h past injection, it gradually declined and was no longer detectable 4 weeks later. Although gene transfer was accompanied by tissue damage and subsequent regenerative proliferation, the decline in transgene expression was not due to increased hepatocyte turnover or to promoter downregulation, but instead cells apparently lost the plasmid DNA. Furthermore, we show that "nakedness" of the injected DNA is indeed a prerequisite for efficient transfer by the hydrodynamics-based procedure. Our data provide important clues for the successful use of this gene transfer technique, and may point directions for studies on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Rossmanith
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Cancer Research, University of Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Li LH, Shivakumar R, Feller S, Allen C, Weiss JM, Dzekunov S, Singh V, Holaday J, Fratantoni J, Liu LN. Highly efficient, large volume flow electroporation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2002; 1:341-50. [PMID: 12625759 DOI: 10.1177/153303460200100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is widely used to transfect and load cells with various molecules. Traditional electroporation using a static mode is typically restricted to volumes less than 1 mL, which limits its use in clinical and industrial bioprocessing applications. Here we report efficient, large volume transfection results by using a scalable-volume electroporation system. Suspended (Jurkat) and adherent cells (10T1/2 and Huh-7) were tested. A large macromolecule, FITC-conjugated dextran (MW=500 kD) was used to measure cell uptake, while a plasmid carrying the gene coding for enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) was used to quantitate the flow electrotransfection efficiency as determined by flow cytometry. The flow electroloading efficiency of FITC-dextran was >90%, while the cell viability was highly maintained (>90%). High flow electrotransfection efficiency (up to 75%) and cell viability (up to 90%) were obtained with processing volumes ranging from 1.5 to 50 mL. No significant difference of electrotransfection efficiency was observed between flow and static electrotransfection. When 50 mL of cell volume was processed and samples collected at different time points during electroporation, the transgene expression and cell viability results were identical. We also demonstrated that DNA plasmid containing EBNA1-OriP elements from Epstein-Barr virus were more efficient in transgene expression than standard plasmid without the elements (at least 500 too 1000-fold increase in expression level). Finally, to examine the feasibility of utilizing flow electrotransfected cells as a gene delivery vehicle, 10T1/2 cells were transfected with a DNA plasmid containing the gene coding for mIL12. mIL12 transfected cells were injected subcutaneously into mice, and produced functional mIL12, as demonstrated by anti-angiogenic activity. This is the first demonstration of efficient, large volume, flow electroporation and the in vivo efficacy of flow electrotransfected cells. This technology may be useful for clinical gene therapy and large-scale bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hong Li
- MaxCyte, Inc., 9640 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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33
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Magnani M, Rossi L, Fraternale A, Bianchi M, Antonelli A, Crinelli R, Chiarantini L. Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of drugs, peptides and modified oligonucleotides. Gene Ther 2002; 9:749-51. [PMID: 12032702 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An important determinant for the success of every new therapy is the ability to deliver the molecules of interest to the target cells or organ. This selective delivery is even more complex when the therapeutic agents are peptides, modified oligonucleotides or genes. In this paper we summarize the possibility of using autologous erythrocytes for the delivery and targeting of new and conventional therapeutics. In fact, a number of macromolecules can be encapsulated by different procedures into human erythrocytes. These modified cells can then be re-infused into the same or a compatible recipient where they can circulate for several weeks. However, drug-loaded erythrocytes can also be modified to be selectively recognized by tissue macrophages. These phagocyte cells recognize the modified drug-loaded erythrocytes which are able to release their content into the macrophage. The feasibility and safety of the use of erythrocytes as drug delivery systems was evaluated in 10 cystic fibrosis patients, where a sustained release of corticosteroids from dexamethasone 21-phosphate-loaded erythrocytes was obtained. In vitro human erythrocytes were found to be able to deliver ubiquitin analogues and modified oligonucleotides to macrophages. Thus, drug-loaded erythrocytes are safe and useful carriers of new and conventional therapeutics and can be advantageous delivery systems for new clinical applications where proteins and oligonucleotides are therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magnani
- Institute of Biochemistry 'Giorgio Fornaini', University of Urbino, Italy.
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Ohashi S, Kubo T, Kishida T, Ikeda T, Takahashi K, Arai Y, Terauchi R, Asada H, Imanishi J, Mazda O. Successful genetic transduction in vivo into synovium by means of electroporation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:1530-5. [PMID: 12054690 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This present study aims at establishing a novel in vivo gene delivery system for intra-articular tissues. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) carrying the firefly luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) genes as markers was injected into a joint space and electric stimuli were given percutaneously with a pair of electrodes. Injection with naked pDNA alone did not induce any detectable level of luciferase activity, whereas electroporation at 25-500 V/0.7 cm resulted in a significant expression of the marker gene in the synovium. The expression level depended on the voltage, the optimum transfection being achieved at 150 V/0.7 cm. When the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vectors harboring the EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene and oriP sequence were substituted for conventional pDNA, the transfection efficiency was increased approximately 5-10 times. Histological examination of the EGFP gene-transfected joints revealed that the marker gene was expressed in the synovial membrane while other intra-articular tissues such as articular cartilage were negative for the transgene product. Transgene-specific mRNA was demonstrated in synovium but not in other organs as estimated by RT-PCR analysis. The present results strongly suggest that in vivo electroporation is a quite simple, safe, and effective gene delivery method that could be applicable to gene therapy against articular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuyo Ohashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Asada H, Kishida T, Hirai H, Satoh E, Ohashi S, Takeuchi M, Kubo T, Kita M, Iwakura Y, Imanishi J, Mazda O. Significant antitumor effects obtained by autologous tumor cell vaccine engineered to secrete interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 by means of the EBV/lipoplex. Mol Ther 2002; 5:609-16. [PMID: 11991752 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2002.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The EBV/lipoplex is a nonviral gene delivery system composed of a cationic lipid and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid vector that carries the EBV oriP and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene. Because the EBNA1 supports retention, nuclear localization, and transcriptional upregulation of the oriP-bearing plasmid, cells transfected with the EBV/lipoplex express the transgene at a very high level. We hypothesized that tumor cells genetically manipulated with the EBV/lipoplex may be used as a tumor vaccine without drug selection, strongly contributing to immunotherapy of patients with malignancies. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 exert a variety of immune-regulatory functions including interferon (IFN)-gamma production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) activation. Here, we investigated the possible therapeutic effects of an autologous tumor cell vaccine in the B16 melanoma model. The vaccine was engineered to secrete IL-12 and IL-18 by means of the EBV/lipoplex. B16 cells were subcutaneously implanted into syngenic mice followed by repetitive immunization with irradiated B16 cells that had been transfected 3 days earlier by TFL2-3, a novel cationic lipid, with EBV-plasmid vectors encoding IL-12 and/or IL-18 genes (B16/mIL-12, B16/mIL-18, and B16/mIL-12+mIL-18). The mice vaccinated with B16/mIL-12 underwent strong tumor suppression accompanied by a high IFN-gamma production. Both CTL and NK activities were significantly elevated in these mice. When the tumor cell vaccine was prepared by means of conventional (non-EBV) plasmid vectors combined with the same cationic lipid, the therapeutic outcome was not as good, suggesting the superiority of the EBV-based plasmid in engineering these types of tumor vaccines. Vaccination with B16/mIL-18 was not effective in suppressing tumors, whereas B16/mIL-12+mIL-18 showed comparable antitumor therapeutic validity as B16/mIL-12 did. When IFN-gamma mutant (IFN-gamma(-/-) mice were treated, B16/mIL-12 vaccine did not show any therapeutic activity, suggesting the necessity of IFN-gamma in the anti-melanoma immune responses. In contrast, the antitumor effect was not affected by NK depletion in mice that received repetitive injections with anti-asialo GM1 antibody. Furthermore, vaccination with B16/mIL-12 significantly suppressed pulmonary metastases in mice that had been intravenously injected with parental B16. Our results suggest that the EBV/lipoplex is quite useful in generating an autologous tumor cell vaccine and that IL-12 is an important component of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Asada
- Departments of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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