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Punthama C, Math C, Dungchai W. Determination of hydroquinone in beverages using colorimetric and electrochemical sensors on paper-based device. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00638-z. [PMID: 39126582 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a phenolic compound used in industry processes. We aim to demonstrate a rapid and simple procedure for the determination of HQ. This work has developed two techniques, including colorimetric and electrochemical sensors on paper-based devices. Firstly, we have developed the colorimetric detection for the rapid screening test of HQ using 1.5% 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde with alkaline condition (5 M NaOH). Under suitable conditions, the calibration curve between the intensity and HQ concentration was in the range of 50-500 mg L-1. Then, we developed a multi-walled carbon nanotube/graphene oxide/copper/palladium/platinum (MWCNT/GO/Cu/Pd/Pt) onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The optimal amount of MWCNT/GO/Cu/Pd/Pt nanomaterial is 2 mg for HQ detection. The linear concentration range was found in the range 1 to 20 mg L-1 and a detection limit was found to be 0.40 mg L-1 (3.6 µM) for HQ. Moreover, the proposed device can be applied to determine HQ in real samples and is inexpensive technique, portable, and low consumer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanya Punthama
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, 10140, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chim Math
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, 10140, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijitar Dungchai
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, 10140, Bangkok, Thailand.
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2
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Cox LA, Thompson WJ, Mundt KA. Interventional probability of causation (IPoC) with epidemiological and partial mechanistic evidence: benzene vs. formaldehyde and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:252-289. [PMID: 38753561 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2337435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Causal epidemiology for regulatory risk analysis seeks to evaluate how removing or reducing exposures would change disease occurrence rates. We define interventional probability of causation (IPoC) as the change in probability of a disease (or other harm) occurring over a lifetime or other specified time interval that would be caused by a specified change in exposure, as predicted by a fully specified causal model. We define the closely related concept of causal assigned share (CAS) as the predicted fraction of disease risk that would be removed or prevented by a specified reduction in exposure, holding other variables fixed. Traditional approaches used to evaluate the preventable risk implications of epidemiological associations, including population attributable fraction (PAF) and the Bradford Hill considerations, cannot reveal whether removing a risk factor would reduce disease incidence. We argue that modern formal causal models coupled with causal artificial intelligence (CAI) and realistically partial and imperfect knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms, show great promise for determining and quantifying IPoC and CAS for exposures and diseases of practical interest. METHODS We briefly review key CAI concepts and terms and then apply them to define IPoC and CAS. We present steps to quantify IPoC using a fully specified causal Bayesian network (BN) model. Useful bounds for quantitative IPoC and CAS calculations are derived for a two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model for carcinogenesis and illustrated by applying them to benzene and formaldehyde based on available epidemiological and partial mechanistic evidence. RESULTS Causal BN models for benzene and risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incorporating mechanistic, toxicological and epidemiological findings show that prolonged high-intensity exposure to benzene can increase risk of AML (IPoC of up to 7e-5, CAS of up to 54%). By contrast, no causal pathway leading from formaldehyde exposure to increased risk of AML was identified, consistent with much previous mechanistic, toxicological and epidemiological evidence; therefore, the IPoC and CAS for formaldehyde-induced AML are likely to be zero. CONCLUSION We conclude that the IPoC approach can differentiate between likely and unlikely causal factors and can provide useful upper bounds for IPoC and CAS for some exposures and diseases of practical importance. For causal factors, IPoC can help to estimate the quantitative impacts on health risks of reducing exposures, even in situations where mechanistic evidence is realistically incomplete and individual-level exposure-response parameters are uncertain. This illustrates the strength that can be gained for causal inference by using causal models to generate testable hypotheses and then obtaining toxicological data to test the hypotheses implied by the models-and, where necessary, refine the models. This virtuous cycle provides additional insight into causal determinations that may not be available from weight-of-evidence considerations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis A Cox
- Cox Associates and University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Kenneth A Mundt
- Independent Consultants in Epidemiology, Amherst, MA, USA
- Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Hernández-Rocamora VM, Molina R, Alba A, Carrasco-López C, Rojas-Altuve A, Panjikar S, Medina A, Usón I, Alfonso C, Galán B, Rivas G, Hermoso JA, Sanz JM. Structural characterization of PaaX, the main repressor of the phenylacetate degradation pathway in Escherichia coli W: A novel fold of transcription regulator proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127935. [PMID: 37949283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PaaX is a transcriptional repressor of the phenylacetic acid (PAA) catabolic pathway, a central route for bacterial aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. Induction of the route is achieved through the release of PaaX from its promoter sequences by the first compound of the pathway, phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA). We report the crystal structure of PaaX from Escherichia coli W. PaaX displays a novel type of fold for transcription regulators, showing a dimeric conformation where the monomers present a three-domain structure: an N-terminal winged helix-turn-helix domain, a dimerization domain similar to the Cas2 protein and a C-terminal domain without structural homologs. The domains are separated by a crevice amenable to harbour a PA-CoA molecule. The biophysical characterization of the protein in solution confirmed several hints predicted from the structure, i.e. its dimeric conformation, a modest importance of cysteines and a high dependence of solubility and thermostability on ionic strength. At a moderately acidic pH, the protein formed a stable folding intermediate with remaining α-helical structure, a disrupted tertiary structure and exposed hydrophobic patches. Our results provide valuable information to understand the stability and mechanism of PaaX and pave the way for further analysis of other regulators with similar structural configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Hernández-Rocamora
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad, s/n, E-03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Molina
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Blas Cabrera", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Alba
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Blas Cabrera", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - César Carrasco-López
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Blas Cabrera", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alzoray Rojas-Altuve
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Blas Cabrera", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Australia; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana Medina
- Crystallographic Methods, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri Reixach 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Usón
- Crystallographic Methods, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri Reixach 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA: Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Galán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Hermoso
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Blas Cabrera", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Sanz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Jia J, Wang Q, Wei Y, Yuan H. Secondary Metabolites from the Cultures of Medicinal Mushroom Vanderbylia robiniophila and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:702. [PMID: 37504691 PMCID: PMC10381909 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanderbylia robiniophila (Huaier in Chinese) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in China for over 1600 years. However, the secondary metabolites of V. robiniophila have not been systematically examined. Corresponding chemical investigation in this study led to the discovery of two new compounds, (22E, 24R)-6β, 7α-dimethoxyergosta-8(14), 22-diene-3β, 5α-diol (1) and vanderbyliolide A (8), along with eight known ones (2-7, 9-10). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated, and compound 10 showed a potential tyrosinase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 60.47 ± 2.63 μM. Kinetic studies of the inhibition reactions suggested that 10 provides the inhibitory ability on tyrosinase in an uncompetitive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Jinghui Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yulian Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Haisheng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Yi Z, Dong S, Wang X, Xu M, Li Y, Xie L. Exploratory study on noninvasive biomarker of silicosis in exhaled breath by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023:10.1007/s00420-023-01971-y. [PMID: 37067574 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a chronic occupational disease, silicosis could cause irreversible and incurable impair to the lung. The current diagnosis of silicosis relies on imaging of X-ray or CT, but these methods cannot detect lung lesions in the early stage of silicosis. OBJECTIVE To establish a regular screening and early diagnosis methods for silicosis, which could be helpful for the prevention and treatment of silicosis. METHODS A total of 161 subjects were enrolled in the study, including 69 patients with silicosis (SILs) and 92 healthy controls. The exhaled breath samples of the subjects were collected with breath sampler and Tedlar bag. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath was performed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS After excluding the pollutants from sampling bags and instruments, 86 VOCs have been identified in the exhaled breath. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was employed for the screening of potential biomarkers of silicosis. Those components that related to smoking were also excluded from the biomarkers. Finally, nine possible biomarkers for silicosis were screened out, including 2,3-butanedione, ethyl acetate, chlorobenzene, o-cymene, 4-ethylhex-2-ynal, 3,5-dimethyl-3-heptanol, hydroquinone, phthalic anhydride and 5-(2-methylpropyl)nonane. Based on these biomarkers screened, a predicted model for silicosis was generated with the accuracy of 89.61%. CONCLUSION The nine biomarkers in exhaled breath were preliminarily screened out for the early diagnosis of silicosis, which can be helpful to the establishment of a noninvasive screening method for silicosis. Follow-up studies should be conducted to further verify these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Yi
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Simin Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Mucen Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Abstract
Historically, benzene has been widely used in a large variety of applications. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) were set for benzene as it was found to be acutely toxic, causing central nervous system depression at high exposures. OELs were lowered when it was discovered that chronic exposure to benzene could cause haematotoxicity. After confirmation that benzene is a human carcinogen causing acute myeloid leukaemia and possibly other blood malignancies, OEL were further lowered. The industrial application of benzene as solvent is almost completely discontinued but it is still used as feedstock for the production of other materials, such as styrene. Occupational exposure to benzene may also occur since it is present in crude oil, natural gas condensate and a variety of petroleum products and because benzene can be formed in combustion of organic material. In the past few years, lower OELs for benzene in the range of 0.05-0.25 ppm have been proposed or were already established to protect workers from benzene-induced cancer. The skin is an important potential route of exposure and relatively more important at lower OELs. Consequently, human biomonitoring - which integrates all exposure routes - is routinely applied to control overall exposure to benzene. Several potential biomarkers have been proposed and investigated. For compliance check of the current low OELs, urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), urinary benzene and blood benzene are feasible biomarkers. S-PMA appears to be the most promising biomarker but proper validation of biomarker levels corresponding to airborne benzene concentrations below 0.25 ppm are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Boogaard
- AFSG - Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lauriola M, Farré R, Evenepoel P, Overbeek SA, Meijers B. Food-Derived Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020116. [PMID: 36828430 PMCID: PMC9960799 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to the average population, and this is partially due to the plasma accumulation of solutes known as uremic toxins. The binding of some solutes to plasma proteins complicates their removal via conventional therapies, e.g., hemodialysis. Protein-bound uremic toxins originate either from endogenous production, diet, microbial metabolism, or the environment. Although the impact of diet on uremic toxicity in CKD is difficult to quantify, nutrient intake plays an important role. Indeed, most uremic toxins are gut-derived compounds. They include Maillard reaction products, hippurates, indoles, phenols, and polyamines, among others. In this review, we summarize the findings concerning foods and dietary components as sources of uremic toxins or their precursors. We then discuss their endogenous metabolism via human enzyme reactions or gut microbial fermentation. Lastly, we present potential dietary strategies found to be efficacious or promising in lowering uremic toxins plasma levels. Aligned with current nutritional guidelines for CKD, a low-protein diet with increased fiber consumption and limited processed foods seems to be an effective treatment against uremic toxins accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lauriola
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Björn Meijers
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-344-580
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Identification of potential pathways and microRNA-mRNA networks associated with benzene metabolite hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in human leukemia K562 cells. BMC PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 35366954 PMCID: PMC8976366 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hydroquinone (HQ) is a phenolic metabolite of benzene with a potential risk for hematological disorders and hematotoxicity in humans. In the present study, an integrative analysis of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expressions was performed to identify potential pathways and miRNA-mRNA network associated with benzene metabolite hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity. Methods K562 cells were treated with 40 μM HQ for 72 h, mRNA and miRNA expression changes were examined using transcriptomic profiles and miRNA microarray, and then bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results Out of all the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) induced by HQ, 1482 DEGs and 10 DEMs were up-regulated, and 1594 DEGs and 42 DEMs were down-regulated. HQ-induced DEGs were involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA methylation, histone acetylation and cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor GO terms, as well as metabolic, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and leukemia-related pathways. The regulatory network of mRNAs and miRNAs includes 23 miRNAs, 1108 target genes, and 2304 potential miRNAs-mRNAs pairs. MiR-1246 and miR-224 had the potential to be major regulators in HQ-exposed K562 cells based on the miRNAs-mRNAs network. Conclusions This study reinforces the use of in vitro model of HQ exposure and bioinformatic approaches to advance our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of benzene hematotoxicity at the RNA level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00556-8.
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Radziff SBM, Ahmad SA, Shaharuddin NA, Merican F, Kok YY, Zulkharnain A, Gomez-Fuentes C, Wong CY. Potential Application of Algae in Biodegradation of Phenol: A Review and Bibliometric Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2677. [PMID: 34961148 PMCID: PMC8709323 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the most severe environmental issues affecting the sustainable growth of human society is water pollution. Phenolic compounds are toxic, hazardous and carcinogenic to humans and animals even at low concentrations. Thus, it is compulsory to remove the compounds from polluted wastewater before being discharged into the ecosystem. Biotechnology has been coping with environmental problems using a broad spectrum of microorganisms and biocatalysts to establish innovative techniques for biodegradation. Biological treatment is preferable as it is cost-effective in removing organic pollutants, including phenol. The advantages and the enzymes involved in the metabolic degradation of phenol render the efficiency of microalgae in the degradation process. The focus of this review is to explore the trends in publication (within the year of 2000-2020) through bibliometric analysis and the mechanisms involved in algae phenol degradation. Current studies and publications on the use of algae in bioremediation have been observed to expand due to environmental problems and the versatility of microalgae. VOSviewer and SciMAT software were used in this review to further analyse the links and interaction of the selected keywords. It was noted that publication is advancing, with China, Spain and the United States dominating the studies with total publications of 36, 28 and 22, respectively. Hence, this review will provide an insight into the trends and potential use of algae in degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahirah Batrisyia Mohamed Radziff
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.M.R.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.M.R.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
- Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes, Punta Arenas 01855, Chile;
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.M.R.); (S.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Yih-Yih Kok
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi 337-8570, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Claudio Gomez-Fuentes
- Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes, Punta Arenas 01855, Chile;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes, Punta Arenas 01855, Chile
| | - Chiew-Yen Wong
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia;
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MdaB and NfrA, two novel reductases important in the survival and persistence of the major enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni. J Bacteriol 2021; 204:e0042121. [PMID: 34606373 PMCID: PMC8765430 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00421-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The paralogues RrpA and RrpB, which are members of the MarR family of DNA binding proteins, are important for the survival of the global bacterial foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni under redox stress. We report that RrpA is a positive regulator of mdaB, encoding a flavin-dependent quinone reductase that contributes to the protection from redox stress mediated by structurally diverse quinones, while RrpB negatively regulates the expression of cj1555c (renamed nfrA for NADPH-flavin reductase A), encoding a flavin reductase. NfrA reduces riboflavin at a greater rate than its derivatives, suggesting that exogenous free flavins are the natural substrate. MdaB and NfrA both prefer NADPH as an electron donor. Cysteine substitution and posttranslational modification analyses indicated that RrpA and RrpB employ a cysteine-based redox switch. Complete genome sequence analyses revealed that mdaB is frequently found in Campylobacter and related Helicobacter spp., while nfrA is predominant in C. jejuni strains. Quinones and flavins are redox cycling agents secreted by a wide range of cell types that can form damaging superoxide by one-electron reactions. We propose a model for stress adaptation where MdaB and NfrA facilitate a two-electron reduction mechanism to the less toxic hydroquinones, thus aiding survival and persistence of this major pathogen. IMPORTANCE Changes in cellular redox potential result in alteration in the oxidation state of intracellular metabolites and enzymes; consequently, cells make adjustments that favor growth and survival. The work we present here answers some of the many questions that have remained elusive over the years of investigation into the enigmatic microaerophile bacterium Campylobacter jejuni. We employed molecular approaches to understand the regulation mechanisms and functional analyses to reveal the roles of two novel quinone and flavin reductases; both serve as major pools of cellular redox-active molecules. This work extends our knowledge on bacterial redox sensing mechanisms and the significance of hemostasis.
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Luo H, Zhai L, Qiu W, Liang H, Yu L, Li Y, Xiong M, Guo J, Tang H. p16 loss facilitate hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells through promoting cell proliferation and accelerating the cell cycle progression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1591-1599. [PMID: 33932074 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The p16INK4A is a multifunction gene that includes regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence and tumor development. However, the effects of p16 in hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore whether p16 loss facilitate malignant transformation in TK6 cells. The results demonstrated that p16/Rb signal pathway was suppressed in hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells. We further confirmed that p16 loss stimulated cell proliferation, and accelerated cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. The immunoblotting analysis indicated that p16 regulated cell cycle progression via Rb and p53. Therefore, we conclude that p16 is involved in HQ-induced malignant transformation associated with suppressing Rb and p53 which resulting in accelerating the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weifeng Qiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hairong Liang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mengyun Xiong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaying Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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12
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Traughber ZT, He F, Hoke JM, Davenport GM, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Southey BR, de Godoy MRC. Ancient grains as novel dietary carbohydrate sources in canine diets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab080. [PMID: 33765135 PMCID: PMC8174469 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ancient grains are becoming an increasingly abundant carbohydrate source in the pet food market as a result of their popularity and novelty in the human market. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the characteristics of these ingredients in vivo. Ten adult intact female beagles were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Five dietary treatments were evaluated containing either: rice (CON), amaranth (AM), white proso millet (WPM), quinoa (QU), or oat groats (OG). All diets were formulated to include 40% of the test grain and to be isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and nutritionally complete and balanced for adult dogs at maintenance. The objectives were 1) to evaluate the effects of the novel carbohydrate sources on total apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fecal microbiota, and fermentative end-product concentrations and 2) to evaluate the effects of novel carbohydrate sources on the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy adult dogs. All diets were well accepted by the dogs and fecal scores remained within the ideal range for all treatments. In terms of ATTD, all diets were well digested by the dogs; WPM had the highest digestibility of dry and organic matter in contrast with dogs fed the other treatments (P < 0.05). Additionally, ATTD of total dietary fiber was highest for WPM (72.6%) in contrast with QU (63.5%) and CON (50.8%) but did not differ from AM (65.7%) and OG (66.6%). Dogs fed AM or OG had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids, as well as propionate and butyrate concentrations, than CON. Ancient grain inclusion appears to beneficially shift fecal microbial populations, with increases in relative abundances of butyrogenic bacteria (i.e., members of the Lachnospiraceae family) observed for OG and reductions in Fusobacteriaceae for both AM and OG when compared with CON. Postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses did not differ among treatments. Together, these data suggest that ancient grains can be included up to 40% of the diet while eliciting beneficial effects on the overall host health without detrimentally affecting nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Traughber
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fei He
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jolene M Hoke
- Archer Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL 62526, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Maria R C de Godoy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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13
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Sallustio F, Curci C, Chaoul N, Fontò G, Lauriero G, Picerno A, Divella C, Di Leo V, De Angelis M, Ben Mkaddem S, Macchia L, Gallone A, Monteiro RC, Pesce F, Gesualdo L. High levels of gut-homing immunoglobulin A+ B lymphocytes support the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:452-464. [PMID: 33200215 PMCID: PMC7898021 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent primary glomerulonephritis.
The role of the microbiota and mucosal immunity in the pathogenesis of IgAN remains a
key element. To date, the hypothetical relationship between commensal bacteria, elevated
tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member 13 [also known as B-cell activating
factor (BAFF)] levels, perturbed homoeostasis of intestinal-activated B cells and
intestinal IgA class switch has not been clearly shown in IgAN patients. Methods We studied the intestinal–renal axis connections, analysing levels of BAFF, TNF ligand
superfamily member 13 (APRIL) and intestinal-activated B cells in IgAN patients, healthy
subjects (HSs) and patients with non-IgA glomerulonephritides. Results IgAN patients had increased serum levels of BAFF cytokine, correlating with higher
amounts of five specific microbiota metabolites, and high APRIL cytokine serum levels.
We also found that subjects with IgAN have a higher level of circulating gut-homing
(CCR9+ β7 integrin+) regultory B cells, memory B cells and
IgA+ memory B cells compared with HSs. Finally, we found that IgAN patients
had high levels of both total plasmablasts (PBs) and intestinal-homing PBs.
Interestingly, PBs significantly increased in IgAN but not in patients with other
glomerulonephritides. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a significant difference in the amount of intestinal-activated
B lymphocytes between IgAN patients and HSs, confirming the hypothesis of the pathogenic
role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in IgAN. The intestinal–renal axis plays
a crucial role in IgAN and several factors may contribute to its complex pathogenesis
and provide an important area of research for novel targeted therapies to modulate
progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nada Chaoul
- Allergology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontò
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lauriero
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Picerno
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Divella
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Leo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris Diderot University, INSERM U1149, ELR8252 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Allergology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Gallone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris Diderot University, INSERM U1149, ELR8252 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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14
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Jaiswal SK, Agarwal SM, Thodum P, Sharma VK. SkinBug: an artificial intelligence approach to predict human skin microbiome-mediated metabolism of biotics and xenobiotics. iScience 2021; 24:101925. [PMID: 33385118 PMCID: PMC7772573 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being pivotal for the host health, the skin microbiome possesses a large reservoir of metabolic enzymes, which can metabolize molecules (cosmetics, medicines, pollutants, etc.) that form a major part of the skin exposome. Therefore, to predict the complete metabolism of any molecule by skin microbiome, a curated database of metabolic enzymes (1,094,153), reactions, and substrates from ∼900 bacterial species from 19 different skin sites were used to develop “SkinBug.” It integrates machine learning, neural networks, and chemoinformatics methods, and displays a multiclass multilabel accuracy of up to 82.4% and binary accuracy of up to 90.0%. SkinBug predicts all possible metabolic reactions and associated enzymes, reaction centers, skin microbiome species harboring the enzyme, and the respective skin sites. Thus, SkinBug will be an indispensable tool to predict xenobiotic/biotic metabolism by skin microbiome and will find applications in exposome and microbiome studies, dermatology, and skin cancer research. SkinBug is AI/ML-based tool to predict metabolism of molecules by Skin microbiome Database of 1,094,153 metabolic enzymes from 897 pangenomes of skin microbiome Predicts enzymes, bacterial species, and skin sites for the predicted reactions 82.4% multilabel and 90.0% binary accuracy, and validated on 28 diverse real cases
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham K Jaiswal
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Shitij Manojkumar Agarwal
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Parikshit Thodum
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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15
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang M. Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemiluminescence Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hydroquinone. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Minli Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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16
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Espanhol-Soares M, Romano MP, Silva FS, Apolinário Silva MR, Gimenes R. Toxic compounds in a cutlery microenterprise: A case study. Work 2020; 65:377-390. [PMID: 31985480 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to characterize solid particulate aerosol derived from a cutlery microenterprise and to investigate substances associated with activities performed within the work environment. OBJECTIVE Suspended particulate matter (SPM) was collected at different locations in the cutlery workshop and near machines used by workers, using passive sampling devices fitted with polytetrafluoroethylene filters, onto which total particulate material was deposited. The substances present in the SPM were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Identification of the substances was performed using the National Institute of Standards (NIST) library and automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system. (AMDIS) software, considering at least 70% probability. The concentration of total dust, obtained using a gravimetric method, was approximately 1 mg.m-3. CONCLUSION The toxic substances found in the SPM included halogenated hydrocarbons (containing chlorine, fluorine, and iodine) and aromatic hydrocarbons. The toxic substances included naphthalene, which is classified as carcinogenic.
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17
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Takagaki R, Yoshizane C, Ishida Y, Sakurai T, Taniguchi Y, Watanabe H, Mitsuzumi H, Ushio S, Morita H. Inhibitory effect of isomaltodextrin on tyrosine metabolite production in rat gut microbiota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:824-831. [PMID: 31852406 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1704618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of isomaltodextrin (IMD), a soluble dietary fiber, on production of putrefactive products by intestinal bacteria using a tyrosine load test to measure phenol production in IMD-treated rats. We observed a significant increase in phenol and p-cresol concentrations in rats administered with only tyrosine, but not for rats co-administered tyrosine and IMD. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect, we analyzed the intestinal microbiota in each group and found that although IMD had no direct effect on the proportion of bacteria known to produce phenols, it did alter the balance of intestinal microbiota. The results suggested that changes in the intestinal microbiota composition reduced the metabolic capacity for tyrosine and in turn suppressed production of phenol or p-cresol, putrefactive products in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryodai Takagaki
- R&D Center, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Ishida
- R&D Center, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hidetoshi Morita
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Wang X, Hao Y, Liu X, Yu S, Zhang W, Yang S, Yu Z, Ren F. Gut microbiota from end-stage renal disease patients disrupt gut barrier function by excessive production of phenol. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:409-412. [PMID: 31466928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xifan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shoujuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Aerospace Central Hospital (Aerospace Clinical Medical College of Peking University), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China.
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19
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Kikuchi K, Saigusa D, Kanemitsu Y, Matsumoto Y, Thanai P, Suzuki N, Mise K, Yamaguchi H, Nakamura T, Asaji K, Mukawa C, Tsukamoto H, Sato T, Oikawa Y, Iwasaki T, Oe Y, Tsukimi T, Fukuda NN, Ho HJ, Nanto-Hara F, Ogura J, Saito R, Nagao S, Ohsaki Y, Shimada S, Suzuki T, Toyohara T, Mishima E, Shima H, Akiyama Y, Akiyama Y, Ichijo M, Matsuhashi T, Matsuo A, Ogata Y, Yang CC, Suzuki C, Breeggemann MC, Heymann J, Shimizu M, Ogawa S, Takahashi N, Suzuki T, Owada Y, Kure S, Mano N, Soga T, Wada T, Kopp JB, Fukuda S, Hozawa A, Yamamoto M, Ito S, Wada J, Tomioka Y, Abe T. Gut microbiome-derived phenyl sulfate contributes to albuminuria in diabetic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1835. [PMID: 31015435 PMCID: PMC6478834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is a major cause of renal failure that urgently necessitates a breakthrough in disease management. Here we show using untargeted metabolomics that levels of phenyl sulfate, a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, increase with the progression of diabetes in rats overexpressing human uremic toxin transporter SLCO4C1 in the kidney, and are decreased in rats with limited proteinuria. In experimental models of diabetes, phenyl sulfate administration induces albuminuria and podocyte damage. In a diabetic patient cohort, phenyl sulfate levels significantly correlate with basal and predicted 2-year progression of albuminuria in patients with microalbuminuria. Inhibition of tyrosine phenol-lyase, a bacterial enzyme responsible for the synthesis of phenol from dietary tyrosine before it is metabolized into phenyl sulfate in the liver, reduces albuminuria in diabetic mice. Together, our results suggest that phenyl sulfate contributes to albuminuria and could be used as a disease marker and future therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes is a major cause of kidney disease. Here Kikuchi et al. show that phenol sulfate, a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, is increased in diabetic kidney disease and contributes to the pathology by promoting kidney injury, suggesting phenyl sulfate could be used a marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kikuchi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshitomi Kanemitsu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Naoto Suzuki
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koki Mise
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Kei Asaji
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chikahisa Mukawa
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Oikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwasaki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yuji Oe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsukimi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Noriko N Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hsin-Jung Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fumika Nanto-Hara
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimada
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takafumi Toyohara
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Eikan Mishima
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hisato Shima
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yukako Akiyama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mariko Ichijo
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsuo
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogata
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ching-Chin Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chitose Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | | | - Jurgen Heymann
- Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Susumu Ogawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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Jurica K, Benković V, Sikirić S, Brčić Karačonji I, Kopjar N. The effects of strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo L.) water leaf extract and arbutin upon kidney function and primary DNA damage in renal cells of rats. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2354-2357. [PMID: 30417709 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1534106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves have long been used as a herbal remedy, insufficient information is available on their nephrotoxicity. We assessed the safety of strawberry tree water leaf extract and its key component arbutin, administered per os to Lewis rats of both genders at 200 mg/kg b.w./day for 14 and 28 days. The effects of the tested compounds on DNA integrity in renal cells was evaluated using alkaline comet assay, while kidney function was studied using serum creatinine and urea levels. Strawberry tree water leaf extract showed high biocompatibility with kidney tissue. It did not impair DNA integrity of renal cells and kidney function, either in male or female rats. However, exposure to single arbutin affected the levels of primary DNA damage in renal cells which could be related to metabolic conversion of arbutin into hydroquinone, whose nephrotoxicity has previously been proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Jurica
- Special Security Operations Directorate, Ministry of the Interior, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Identification of volatile metabolites in human saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma via zeolite-based thin-film microextraction coupled with GC-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1104:49-58. [PMID: 30445287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) discharged from the human body, of which some compounds exhibit strong correlations with pathological conditions, have attracted attention as a new means of disease diagnosis technology. The aim of this study was to establish the salivary metabolomic profiles of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and healthy volunteers (control group) and to investigate VOCs as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of oral cancer. We have demonstrated a method combining thin-film microextraction based on a ZSM-5/polydimethylsiloxane hybrid film coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carried out a comparative analysis of salivary VOC profiles between OSCC patients and healthy controls. The results depicted that 42 and 73 VOCs were detected and identified in samples from the healthy control group (n = 50) and oral cancer group (n = 24), respectively. Among them, twenty-seven VOCs (ten were decreased, seven disappeared, and ten were newly produced in the oral cancer group) depict significant differences between both the sample groups, and they have relevance as candidate biomarkers for OSCC. Twelve salivary VOCs that were characteristic of oral cancer patients were finally extracted and used for pattern recognition analyses for oral cancer diagnosis. The proposed TFME approach for analyzing human saliva on the basis of a ZSM-5-loaded PDMS hybrid thin film has been performed for the very first time in the field of dentistry.
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Jurica K, Benković V, Sikirić S, Kopjar N, Brčić Karačonji I. Liver function and DNA integrity in hepatocytes of rats evaluated after treatments with strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) water leaf extract and arbutin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:127-137. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1477794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Jurica
- Special Security Operations Directorate, Ministry of the Interior, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jurica K, Brčić Karačonji I, Kopjar N, Shek-Vugrovečki A, Cikač T, Benković V. The effects of strawberry tree water leaf extract, arbutin and hydroquinone on haematological parameters and levels of primary DNA damage in white blood cells of rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:83-90. [PMID: 29288828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L., Ericaceae) leaves represent a potent source of biologically active compounds and have been used for a long to relieve symptoms of various health impairments and diseases. Two major compounds related to their beneficial activities in animals and humans are arbutin and hydroquinone. AIM OF THE STUDY To establish potential benefit/risk ratio associated with daily oral administration of strawberry tree water leaf extract, arbutin and hydroquinone in doses expected to be non-toxic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a 14-day and a 28-day study on male and female Lewis rats and evaluated main haematological parameters and the effects of treatments on the levels of primary DNA damage in white blood cells (WBC) using the alkaline comet assay. RESULTS Our findings suggest no significant changes in the haematological parameters following prolonged exposure to strawberry tree water leaf extract, arbutin, and hydroquinone. However, hydroquinone causes increased, and extract as well as arbutin decreased WBC count in male rats compared to control after 14 days of treatment. DNA damage measured in WBC of rats treated with all compounds was below 10% of the DNA in the comet tail, which indicates low genotoxicity. The genotoxic potential of strawberry water leaf extract was within acceptable limits and reflected effects of a complex chemical composition upon DNA. We also observed slight gender- and exposure time- related differences in primary DNA damage in the leucocytes of control and treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should investigate which doses of strawberry tree water leaf extract would be most promising for the potential use as a substitute for bearberry leaves for treatment of urinary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Jurica
- Special Security Operations Directorate, Ministry of the Interior, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tihana Cikač
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Maxim LD, Utell MJ. Review of refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity, epidemiology and occupational exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:49-71. [PMID: 29564943 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1448019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This literature review on refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) summarizes relevant information on manufacturing, processing, applications, occupational exposure, toxicology and epidemiology studies. Rodent toxicology studies conducted in the 1980s showed that RCF caused fibrosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Interpretation of these studies was difficult for various reasons (e.g. overload in chronic inhalation bioassays), but spurred the development of a comprehensive product stewardship program under EPA and later OSHA oversight. Epidemiology studies (both morbidity and mortality) were undertaken to learn more about possible health effects resulting from occupational exposure. No chronic animal bioassay studies on RCF have been conducted since the 1980s. The results of the ongoing epidemiology studies confirm that occupational exposure to RCF is associated with the development of pleural plaques and minor decrements in lung function, but no interstitial fibrosis or incremental lung cancer. Evidence supporting a finding that urinary tumors are associated with RCF exposure remains, but is weaker. One reported, but unconfirmed, mesothelioma was found in an individual with prior occupational asbestos exposure. An elevated SMR for leukemia was found, but was absent in the highly exposed group and has not been observed in studies of other mineral fibers. The industry will continue the product stewardship program including the mortality study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Daniel Maxim
- a Everest Consulting Associates , West Windsor , NJ , USA
| | - Mark J Utell
- b University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , NY , USA
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Byeon SE, Yi YS, Lee J, Yang WS, Kim JH, Kim J, Hong S, Kim JH, Cho JY. Hydroquinone Exhibits In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Cancer Activity in Cancer Cells and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030903. [PMID: 29562668 PMCID: PMC5877764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ, 1,4-benzenediol) is a hydroxylated benzene metabolite with various biological activities, including anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory functions. However, the anti-cancer activity of HQ is not well understood. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of HQ was investigated in various cancer cells and tumor-bearing mouse models. HQ significantly induced the death of A431, SYF, B16F10, and MDA-MB-231 cells and also showed a synergistic effect on A431 cell death with other anti-cancer agents, such as adenosine-2′,3′-dialdehyde and buthionine sulfoximine. In addition, HQ suppressed angiogenesis in fertilized chicken embryos. Moreover, HQ prevented lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice in a dose-dependent manner without toxicity and adverse effects. HQ (10 mg/kg) also suppressed the generation of colon and reduced the thickness of colon tissues in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-injected mice. This study strongly suggests that HQ possesses in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity and provides evidence that HQ could be developed as an effective and safe anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Byeon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Švarc-Gajić J, Clavijo S, Suárez R, Cvetanović A, Cerdà V. Simultaneous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction derivatisation and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of subcritical water extracts of sweet and sour cherry stems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1943-1953. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic, DNA damaging, and cytogenetic effects of hydroquinone in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:322-335. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanisms of hydroquinone toxicity and assessed the relationships between its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and cytogenetic effects tested at 8, 140, and 280 μg mL-1 in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed for 24 h. The outcomes of the treatments were evaluated using the apoptosis/necrosis assay, the alkaline comet assay, and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. The tested hydroquinone concentrations produced relatively weak cytotoxicity in resting lymphocytes, which mostly died via apoptosis. Hydroquinone’s marked genotoxic effects were detected using the alkaline comet assay. Significantly decreased values of all comet parameters compared to controls indicated specific mechanisms of hydroquinone-DNA interactions. Our results suggest that the two higher hydroquinone concentrations possibly led to cross-linking and adduct formation. Increased levels of DNA breakage measured following exposure to the lowest concentration suggested mechanisms related to oxidative stress and inhibition of topoisomerase II. At 8 μg mL-1, hydroquinone did not significantly affect MN formation. At 140 and 280 μg mL-1, it completely blocked lymphocyte division. The two latter concentrations also led to erythrocyte stabilization and prevented their lysis. At least two facts contribute to this study’s relevance: (I) this is the first study that quantifies the degree of reduction in total comet area measured in lymphocyte DNA after hydroquinone treatment, (II) it is also the first one on a lymphocyte model that adopted the “cytome” protocol in an MN assay and found that lymphocytes exposure even to low hydroquinone concentration resulted in a significant increase of nuclear bud frequency. Considering the limitations of the lymphocyte model, which does not possess intrinsic metabolic activation, in order to unequivocally prove the obtained results further studies using other appropriate cell lines are advised.
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Acute Toxicity of Substituted Hydroquinones Evaluated by a Modified Probit Analysis Method. Pharm Chem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-017-1631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McNally K, Sams C, Loizou GD, Jones K. Evidence for non-linear metabolism at low benzene exposures? A reanalysis of data. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:256-268. [PMID: 28899792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a high-affinity metabolic pathway for low level benzene exposures of less than one part per million (ppm) has been proposed although a pathway has not been identified. The variation of metabolite molar fractions with increasing air benzene concentrations was suggested as evidence of significantly more efficient benzene metabolism at concentrations <0.1 ppm The evidence for this pathway is predicated on a rich data set from a study of Chinese shoe workers exposed to a wide range of benzene concentrations (not just "low level"). In this work we undertake a further independent re-analysis of this data with a focus on the evidence for an increase in the rate of metabolism of benzene exposures of less than 1 ppm. The analysis dataset consisted of measurements of benzene and toluene from personal air samplers, and measurements of unmetabolised benzene and toluene and five metabolites (phenol hydroquinone, catechol, trans, trans-muconic acid and s-phenylmercapturic acid) from post-shift urine samples for 213 workers with an occupational exposure to benzene (and toluene) and 139 controls. Measurements from control subjects were used to estimate metabolite concentrations resulting from non-occupational sources, including environmental sources of benzene. Data from occupationally exposed subjects were used to estimate metabolite concentrations as a function of benzene exposure. Correction for background (environmental exposure) sources of metabolites was achieved through a comparison of geometric means in occupationally exposed and control populations. The molar fractions of the five metabolites as a function of benzene exposure were computed. A supra-linear relationship between metabolite concentrations and benzene exposure was observed over the range 0.1-10 ppm benzene, however over the range benzene exposures of between 0.1 and 1 ppm only a modest departure from linearity was observed. The molar fractions estimated in this work were near constant over the range 0.1-10 ppm. No evidence of high affinity metabolism at these low level exposures was observed. Our reanalysis brings in to question the appropriateness of the dataset for commenting on low dose exposures and the use of a purely statistical approach to the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McNally
- Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
| | - C Sams
- Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
| | - G D Loizou
- Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
| | - K Jones
- Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK.
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Adverse Health Complaints of Adults Exposed to Benzene After a Flaring Disaster at the BP Refinery Facility in Texas City, Texas. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:232-240. [PMID: 28877779 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the adverse health symptoms experienced by adult subjects who were exposed to benzene after a flaring disaster at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas. METHODS A total of 2162 adults aged 18 years or older and exposed to benzene were included. Using the patients' medical charts, we collected and analyzed data on health complaints as well as the patients' serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and urinary excretion of phenol. RESULTS A total of 11,368 health symptom complaints were reported in 2162 adults exposed to benzene. Neurological symptoms occurred most frequently (174%), followed upper respiratory symptoms (115%), cough (31%), painful joints (30%), cardiac symptoms (28%), dermatological symptoms (28%), gastrointestinal symptoms (27%), diarrhea (25%), vision symptoms (21%), and nausea/vomiting (19%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that urinary symptoms (R2=0.65) and painful joints (R2=0.44) were positively associated with increasing age in benzene-exposed subjects. CONCLUSION Adult subjects exposed to benzene experience a range of adverse health symptoms and an altered profile of urinary phenol, thus indicating they are at high risk of developing serious future health complications. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:232-240).
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Kim Y, Kim HG, Han SY, Jeong D, Yang WS, Kim JI, Kim JH, Yi YS, Cho JY. Hydroquinone suppresses IFN-β expression by targeting AKT/IRF3 pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:547-554. [PMID: 28883758 PMCID: PMC5587604 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.5.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the role of hydroquinone (HQ), a hydroxylated benzene metabolite, in modulating various immune responses; however, its role in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses is not fully understood. In this study, the role of HQ in inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanism were explored in macrophages. HQ down-regulated the expression of interferon (IFN)-β mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without any cytotoxicity and suppressed interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3-mediated luciferase activity induced by TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). A mechanism study revealed that HQ inhibited IRF-3 phosphorylation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TRIF, and AKT by suppressing phosphorylation of AKT, an upstream kinase of the IRF-3 signaling pathway. IRF-3 phosphorylation is highly induced by wild-type AKT and poorly induced by an AKT mutant, AKT C310A, which is mutated at an inhibitory target site of HQ. We also showed that HQ inhibited IRF-3 phosphorylation by targeting all three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3) in RAW264.7 cells and suppressed IRF-3-mediated luciferase activities induced by AKT in HEK293 cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that HQ inhibits the production of a type I IFN, IFN-β, by targeting AKTs in the IRF-3 signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Kim
- Department of Information Statistics, Kangwon National University, Chucheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY. JS-III-49, a hydroquinone derivative, exerts anti-inflammatory activity by targeting Akt and p38. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:345-352. [PMID: 28461777 PMCID: PMC5409119 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since previous studies have reported that hydroquinone (HQ) exerted immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity, various HQ derivatives have been synthesized and their biological activities investigated. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity of JS-III-49, a novel HQ derivative, in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. JS-III-49 suppressed the production of the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and down-regulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1b without cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JS-III-49 inhibited nuclear translocation of the NF-kB transcription factors p65 and p50 by directly targeting Akt, an upstream kinase of the NF-kB pathway, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. However, JS-III-49 did not directly inhibit the kinase activities of Src and Syk, which are upstream kinases of Akt, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, JS-III-49 suppressed the nuclear translocation of c-Fos, one of the components of AP-1, by specifically targeting p38, an upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the AP-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that JS-III-49 plays an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-stimulated macrophages by targeting Akt and p38 in the NF-kB and AP-1 pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Illness Symptoms Experienced by Children Exposed to Benzene After a Flaring Incident at the BP Refinery Facility in Texas City. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:1143-51. [PMID: 27146489 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816641463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the illness symptoms experienced by children who were exposed to benzene following a flaring incident at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas. Methods A total of 641 children, aged <17 years, exposed to benzene were included. Using medical charts, data on the children's illness symptoms as well as the serum levels of β-2-microglobulin and the amount of urinary excretion of phenol were reviewed and analyzed. Results A total of 1790 illness symptoms were reported in 641 children exposed to benzene. Upper respiratory symptoms were the most (67%) frequently reported, followed by neurological symptoms (57%), diarrhea (25%), and cough (24%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that neurological symptoms (R(2) = 0.75), chest pain (R(2) = 0.64), joint pain (R(2) = 0.57), and vision difficulty (R(2) = 0.54) were positively associated with increasing age. β-2-Microglobulin levels were significantly higher in children <5 years compared with those >5 year (P = .04). Conversely, urinary phenol levels were significantly lower in children <5 years compared with those >5 years (P = .00). Conclusion Together, these findings reveal that children exposed to benzene experience a range of illness symptoms and an altered profile of urinary phenol indicating their vulnerability to potentially increased health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Kesava Reddy
- University Cancer and Diagnostic Centers, Houston, TX, USA
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Ha Park J, Yoo KY, Hye Kim I, Cho JH, Lee JC, Hyeon Ahn J, Jin Tae H, Chun Yan B, Won Kim D, Kyu Park O, Kwon SH, Her S, Su Kim J, Hoon Choi J, Hyun Lee C, Koo Hwang I, Youl Cho J, Hwi Cho J, Kwon YG, Ryoo S, Kim YM, Won MH, Jun Kang I. Hydroquinone Strongly Alleviates Focal Ischemic Brain Injury via Blockage of Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:430-441. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Soltani H, Pardakhty A, Ahmadzadeh S. Determination of hydroquinone in food and pharmaceutical samples using a voltammetric based sensor employing NiO nanoparticle and ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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36
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Urtishak KA, Robinson BW, Rappaport EF, Sarezky MD, Biegel JA, Nichols KE, Wilmoth DM, Wang LS, Stern JW, Felix CA. Unique Familial MLL(KMT2A)-Rearranged Precursor B-Cell Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Non-twin Siblings. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1175-80. [PMID: 26999444 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has never occurred in families except for the ∼100% concordant cases in monozygous twins attributed to twin-to-twin metastases. We report the first kindred with infant ALL in non-twin siblings. The siblings were diagnosed with MLL-rearranged (MLL-R) ALL 26 months apart. The second affected sibling had an unaffected dichorionic monozygous co-twin. Both had fatal outcomes. PROCEDURES Translocations were characterized by karyotype, FISH, multiplex FISH, and MLL breakpoint cluster region (bcr) Southern blot analysis. Breakpoint junctions and fusion transcripts were cloned by PCR. TP53 mutation and NADPH quinone oxidorecuctase 1 (NQO1) C609T analyses were performed, and pedigree history and parental occupations were ascertained. The likelihood of chance occurrence of infant ALL in non-twin siblings was computed based on a binomial distribution. Zygosity was determined by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. RESULTS The translocations were not related or vertically transmitted. The complex karyotype of the proband's ALL had chromosome 2, 3, 4, and 11 abnormalities causing a 5'-MLL-AFF1-3' fusion and a non-productive rearrangement of 3'MLL with a chromosome 3q intergenic region. The affected twin's ALL exhibited a simple t(4;11). The complex karyotype of the proband's ALL suggested a genotoxic insult, but no exposure was identified. There was no germline TP53 mutation. The NQO1 C609T risk allele was absent. The likelihood of infant ALL occurring in non-twin siblings by chance alone is one in 1.198 × 10(9) families. CONCLUSIONS Whether because of a deleterious transplacental exposure, novel predisposition syndrome, or exceedingly rare chance occurrence, MLL-R infant ALL can occur in non-twin siblings. The discordant occurrence of infant ALL in the monozygous twins was likely because they were dichorionic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Urtishak
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blaine W Robinson
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric F Rappaport
- Nucleic Acids & Protein Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret D Sarezky
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna M Wilmoth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie W Stern
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn A Felix
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Eslami M, Zare HR, Namazian M. The effect of solvents on the electrochemical behavior of homogentisic acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Health effects of benzene exposure among children following a flaring incident at the British Petroleum Refinery in Texas City. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 31:1-10. [PMID: 24088183 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2013.831511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to benzene is associated with multiple adverse health effects leading to hematological malignancies. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the health consequences of benzene exposure in children following a flaring incident at the British petroleum (BP) refinery in Texas City, Texas. The study included children aged <17 years who had been exposed and unexposed to benzene. Using medical charts, clinical data including white blood cell (WBC) counts, platelets counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and somatic symptom complaints by the children exposed to benzene were reviewed and analyzed. A total of 312 subjects (benzene exposed, n = 157 and unexposed, n = 155) were included. Hematologic analysis showed that WBC counts were significantly decreased in benzene-exposed children compared with the unexposed children (6.8 ± 2.1 versus 7.3 ± 1.7, P = .022). Conversely, platelet (X 10(3) per μL) counts were increased significantly in the benzene-exposed group compared with the unexposed group (278.4 ± 59.9 versus 261.6 ± 51.7, P = .005). Similarly, benzene-exposed children had significantly higher levels of ALP (183.7± 95.6 versus 165 ± 70.3 IU/L, P = .04), AST (23.6 ± 15.3 versus 20.5 ± 5.5 IU/L, P = .015), and ALT (19.2 ± 7.8 versus 16.9 ± 6.9 IU/L, P = .005) compared with the unexposed children. Together, the results of the study reveal that children exposed to benzene experienced significantly altered blood profiles, liver enzymes, and somatic symptoms indicating that children exposed to benzene are at a higher risk of developing hepatic or blood related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A D'Andrea
- University Cancer and Diagnostic Centers , Houston, TX , USA
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Kok MGM, Swann JR, Wilson ID, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry for anionic metabolic profiling of urine from antibiotic-treated rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:98-104. [PMID: 24503197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) was used for anionic metabolic profiling of urine from antibiotic-treated rats to study microbial-host co-metabolism. Rats were treated with the antibiotics penicillin G and streptomycin sulfate for four or eight days and compared to a control group. Urine samples were collected at day zero, four and eight, and analyzed by HILIC-MS. Multivariate data analysis was applied to the urinary metabolic profiles to identify biochemical variation between the treatment groups. Principal component analysis found a clear distinction between those animals receiving antibiotics and the control animals, with twenty-nine discriminatory compounds of which twenty were down-regulated and nine up-regulated upon treatment. In the treatment group receiving antibiotics for four days, a recovery effect was observed for seven compounds after cessation of antibiotic administration. Thirteen discriminatory compounds could be putatively identified based on their accurate mass, including aconitic acid, benzenediol sulfate, ferulic acid sulfate, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, penicillin G, phenol and vanillin 4-sulfate. The rat urine samples had previously been analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with MS detection and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy. Using CE-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopy seventeen and twenty-five discriminatory compounds were found, respectively. Both hippuric acid and indoxyl sulfate were detected across all three platforms. Additionally, eight compounds were observed with both HILIC-MS and CE-MS. Overall, HILIC-MS appears to be highly complementary to CE-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, identifying additional compounds that discriminate the urine samples from antibiotic-treated and control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda G M Kok
- Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research group Analysis Techniques in Life Sciences, Avans Hogeschool, P.O. Box 90116, 4800 RA Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Govert W Somsen
- AIMSS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhardus J de Jong
- Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; Research group Analysis Techniques in Life Sciences, Avans Hogeschool, P.O. Box 90116, 4800 RA Breda, The Netherlands
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Cytotoxic effects of benzene metabolites on human sperm function: an in vitro study. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2013; 2013:397524. [PMID: 24416599 PMCID: PMC3874944 DOI: 10.1155/2013/397524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, individuals are rampantly exposed to vapours of benzene, through paint, plastic, petroleum industries, fuel exhaust, and tobacco smoke. Hence the present investigation was directed towards determining the effect of benzene metabolites, namely, phenol-hydroquinone and catechol, on the motility, viability, and nuclear integrity of the human spermatozoa. From the results obtained it was clear that exposure to phenol-hydroquinone caused a significant decline in both, sperm motility and viability. Exposure to a phenol-hydroquinone (Phase I) microenvironment may therefore inhibit metabolically active enzymes, thus impeding ATP production, and in turn lowers sperm motility and viability. In addition, the present study also revealed that both metabolites of benzene caused significant denaturation of sperm nuclear DNA. Hence, exposure to phenol-hydroquinone in vitro could have resulted in generation of free radicals and altered membrane function, which is reflected by a decline in the motility, viability, and loss of sperm nuclear DNA integrity. In Phase II, the exposure of human sperm in vitro to varied concentrations of catechol caused only insignificant changes in sperm motility and viability as compared to those observed on exposure to phenol-hydroquinone. Hence, exposure to catechol appeared to have less toxic effects than those of phenol-hydroquinone.
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D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Health consequences among subjects involved in Gulf oil spill clean-up activities. Am J Med 2013; 126:966-74. [PMID: 24050487 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil spills are known to affect human health through the exposure of inherent hazardous chemicals such as para-phenols and volatile benzene. This study assessed the adverse health effects of the Gulf oil spill exposure in subjects participating in the clean-up activity along the coast of Louisiana. METHODS This retrospective study included subjects that had been exposed and unexposed to the oil spill and dispersant. Using medical charts, clinical data including white blood cell count, platelets count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and somatic symptom complaints by the subjects were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 247 subjects (oil spill exposed, n = 117 and unexposed, n = 130) were included. Hematologic analysis showed that platelet counts (× 10(3) per μL) were significantly decreased in the exposed group compared with those in the group unexposed to the oil spill (252.1 ± 51.8 vs 269.6 ± 77.3, P = .024). Conversely, the hemoglobin (g per dL) and hematocrit (%) levels were significantly increased among oil spill-exposed subjects compared with the unexposed subjects (P = .000). Similarly, oil spill-exposed subjects had significantly higher levels of ALP (76.3 ± 21.3 vs 61.2 ± 26.9 IU/L, P = .000), AST (31.0 ± 26.3 vs 22.8 ± 11.8 IU/L, P = .004), and ALT (34.8 ± 26.6 vs 29.8 ± 27 IU/L, P = .054) compared with the unexposed subjects. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that clean-up workers exposed to the oil spill and dispersant experienced significantly altered blood profiles, liver enzymes, and somatic symptoms.
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Yamamura Y, Oum R, Gbito KYE, Garcia-Manero G, Strom SS. Dietary intake of vegetables, fruits, and meats/beans as potential risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia: a Texas case-control study. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1132-40. [PMID: 24168094 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.834946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet has been identified as a risk factor for some cancers, but its role in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear. This study was conducted at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to evaluate associations between consumption of vegetables, fruits, and meats with AML risk among Texas residents. All participants, 323 adult de novo AML cases and 380 frequency-matched controls, completed demographic and food frequency questionnaires. Overall, AML risk was significantly decreased among those who consumed the most dark green vegetables, seafood, and nuts/seeds; and it was significantly increased among greatest consumers of red meat. Among men, AML risk was lowest among those whose consumption was in the highest quartile for fruits [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10-0.69], poultry (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.10-0.78), and seafood (OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.16-0.96) compared to those in the lowest. Among women, risk was lowest among those whose consumption was in the highest quartile of dark-green vegetables (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.12-.68), orange vegetables (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.17-.96) and nuts/beans (OR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.11-0.60). Based on these findings, interventions can be developed to modify intake of specific dietary components to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamura
- a Department of Epidemiology , The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
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Hydroquinone: environmental pollution, toxicity, and microbial answers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:542168. [PMID: 23936816 PMCID: PMC3727088 DOI: 10.1155/2013/542168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. In the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. Recent pieces of evidence showed that hydroquinone is able to enhance carcinogenic risk by generating DNA damage and also to compromise the general immune responses which may contribute to the impaired triggering of the host immune reaction. Hydroquinone bioremediation from natural and contaminated sources can be achieved by the use of a diverse group of microorganisms, ranging from bacteria to fungi, which harbor very complex enzymatic systems able to metabolize hydroquinone either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Due to the recent research development on hydroquinone, this review underscores not only the mechanisms of hydroquinone biotransformation and the role of microorganisms and their enzymes in this process, but also its toxicity.
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Kumar S, Huang J, Abbassi-Ghadi N, Španěl P, Smith D, Hanna GB. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled breath for volatile organic compound profiling of esophago-gastric cancer. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6121-8. [PMID: 23659180 DOI: 10.1021/ac4010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has great potential in terms of disease diagnosis and measuring physiological response to treatment. In this study, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been applied for the quantification of VOCs in the exhaled breath from 3 groups of patients, viz., those with esophago-gastric cancer, noncancer diseases of the upper gastro-intestinal tract, and a healthy upper gastrointestinal tract cohort. A total of 17 VOCs have been investigated in this study. The concentrations of 4 VOCs, hexanoic acid, phenol, methyl phenol, and ethyl phenol, were found to be significantly different between cancer and positive control groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was applied for a combination of 4 VOCs (hexanoic acid, phenol, methyl phenol, and ethyl phenol) to discriminate the esophago-gastric cancer cohort from positive controls. The integrated area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.91. The results highlight the potential of VOC profiling as a noninvasive test to identify those with esophago-gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacheen Kumar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY United Kingdom
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Byeon SE, Yu T, Yang Y, Lee YG, Kim JH, Oh J, Jeong HY, Hong S, Yoo BC, Cho WJ, Hong S, Cho JY. Hydroquinone regulates hemeoxygenase-1 expression via modulation of Src kinase activity through thiolation of cysteine residues. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 57:105-18. [PMID: 23290930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxylated benzene metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) is mainly generated from benzene, an important industrial chemical, and is also a common dietary component. Although numerous papers have addressed the potential role of HQ in tumorigenic responses, the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroquinone have also been considered. In this study, we characterized the mechanism of the induction of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 and other phase 2 enzymes by HQ and its derivatives. HQ upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 by increasing the antioxidant-response element-dependent transcriptional activation of Nrf-2. Src knockdown or deficiency induced via siRNA treatment and infection with a retrovirus expressing shRNA targeting Src, as well as exposure to PP2, a Src kinase inhibitor, strongly abrogated HO-1 expression. Interestingly, HQ directly targeted and bound to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine-483 (C483) and C400 residues of Src, potentially leading to disruption of intracellular disulfide bonds. Src kinase activity was dramatically enhanced by mutation of these cysteine sites, implying that these sites may play an important role in the regulation of Src kinase activity. Therefore, our data suggest that Src and, particularly, its C483 target site can be considered as prime molecular targets of the HQ-mediated induction of phase 2 enzymes, which is potentially linked to HO-1-mediated cellular responses such as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Byeon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 446-746, Korea
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Huang J, Kumar S, Abbassi-Ghadi N, Spaněl P, Smith D, Hanna GB. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry analysis of volatile metabolites in urine headspace for the profiling of gastro-esophageal cancer. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3409-16. [PMID: 23421902 DOI: 10.1021/ac4000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Urine is considered an ideal biofluid for clinical investigation because it is obtained noninvasively and relatively large volumes are easily acquired. In this study, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been applied for the quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace vapor of urine samples, which were retrieved from three groups of patients with gastro-esophageal cancer, noncancer diseases of the upper gastro-intestinal tract, and a healthy cohort. Eleven VOCs have been investigated in this study. The concentrations of seven VOCs-acetaldehyde, acetone, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, hydrogen sulfide, methanol, and phenol-were found to be significantly different between cancer, positive control, and healthy groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The concentrations of acetaldehyde, acetone, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and methanol were increased in the cancer cohort compared with healthy controls while the concentration of phenol decreased. The differences in the concentrations of ethanol, propanol, methyl phenol, and ethyl phenol were not significant between cancer and control groups. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was applied for a combination of six VOCs (acetaldehyde, acetone, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and methanol) to discriminate cancer patients from noncancer controls. The integrated area under ROC curve is 0.904. This result indicates that VOC profiling may be suitable in identifying those at high risk of gastro-esophageal cancer. Therefore, further investigations should be undertaken to assess the potential for VOC profiling as a new screening test in gastro-esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzheng Huang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Arnold SM, Angerer J, Boogaard PJ, Hughes MF, O'Lone RB, Robison SH, Schnatter AR. The use of biomonitoring data in exposure and human health risk assessment: benzene case study. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:119-53. [PMID: 23346981 PMCID: PMC3585443 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.756455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract A framework of "Common Criteria" (i.e. a series of questions) has been developed to inform the use and evaluation of biomonitoring data in the context of human exposure and risk assessment. The data-rich chemical benzene was selected for use in a case study to assess whether refinement of the Common Criteria framework was necessary, and to gain additional perspective on approaches for integrating biomonitoring data into a risk-based context. The available data for benzene satisfied most of the Common Criteria and allowed for a risk-based evaluation of the benzene biomonitoring data. In general, biomarker (blood benzene, urinary benzene and urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid) central tendency (i.e. mean, median and geometric mean) concentrations for non-smokers are at or below the predicted blood or urine concentrations that would correspond to exposure at the US Environmental Protection Agency reference concentration (30 µg/m(3)), but greater than blood or urine concentrations relating to the air concentration at the 1 × 10(-5) excess cancer risk (2.9 µg/m(3)). Smokers clearly have higher levels of benzene exposure, and biomarker levels of benzene for non-smokers are generally consistent with ambient air monitoring results. While some biomarkers of benzene are specific indicators of exposure, the interpretation of benzene biomonitoring levels in a health-risk context are complicated by issues associated with short half-lives and gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between the biomarkers and subsequent toxic effects.
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Rappaport SM, Kim S, Thomas R, Johnson BA, Bois FY, Kupper LL. Low-dose metabolism of benzene in humans: science and obfuscation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:2-9. [PMID: 23222815 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous air pollutant that causes human leukemia and hematotoxic effects. Although the mechanism by which benzene causes toxicity is unclear, metabolism is required. A series of articles by Kim et al. used air and biomonitoring data from workers in Tianjin, China, to investigate the dose-specific metabolism (DSM) of benzene over a wide range of air concentrations (0.03-88.9 p.p.m.). Kim et al. concluded that DSM of benzene is greatest at air concentrations <1 p.p.m. This provocative finding motivated the American Petroleum Institute to fund a study by Price et al. to reanalyze the original data. Although their formal 'reanalysis' reproduced Kim's finding of enhanced DSM at sub-p.p.m. benzene concentrations, Price et al. argued that Kim's methods were inappropriate for assigning benzene exposures to low exposed subjects (based on measurements of urinary benzene) and for adjusting background levels of metabolites (based on median values from the 60 lowest exposed subjects). Price et al. then performed uncertainty analyses under alternative approaches, which led them to conclude that '… the Tianjin data appear to be too uncertain to support any conclusions …' regarding the DSM of benzene. They also argued that the apparent low-dose metabolism of benzene could be explained by 'lung clearance.' In addressing these criticisms, we show that the methods and arguments presented by Price et al. are scientifically unsound and that their results are unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Rappaport
- Superfund Research Program and Center for Exposure Biology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Over-expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein: implications of xenobiotic induced damage in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22); CBFβ-MYH11. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2788-800. [PMID: 23066397 PMCID: PMC3447587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9082788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to benzene occurs through cigarette smoke, unleaded gasoline and certain types of plastic. Benzene is converted to hematotoxic metabolites by the hepatic phase-I enzyme CYP2E1, and these metabolites are detoxified by the phase-II enzyme NQO1. The genes encoding these enzymes are highly polymorphic and studies of these polymorphisms have shown different pathogenic and prognostic features in various hematological malignancies. The potential role of different cytochrome p450 metabolizing enzymes in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in an area of active interest. In this study, we demonstrate aberrant CYP2E1 mRNA over-expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases of de novo AML with inv(16); CBFβ-MYH11. CYP2E1 mRNA levels correlated with CBFβ-MYH11 transcript levels and with bone marrow blast counts in all cases. CYP2E1 over-expression correlated positively with NQO1 mRNA levels (R2 = 0.934, n = 7). By immunohistochemistry, CYP2E1 protein was more frequently expressed in AML with inv(16) compared with other types of AML (p < 0.001). We obtained serial bone marrow samples from two patients with AML with inv(16) before and after treatment. CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels decreased in parallel with CBFβ-MYH11 transcript levels and blast counts following chemotherapy. In contrast, CYP1A2 transcript levels did not change in either patient. This is the first study to demonstrate concurrent over-expression of CYP2E1 and NQO1 mRNA in AML with inv(16). These findings also suggest that a balance between CYP2E1 and NQO1 may be important in the pathogenesis of AML with inv(16).
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Kaur A, Kaur SP, Singh A, Singh JR. Karyotypic findings in chronic myeloid leukemia cases undergoing treatment. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2012; 18:66-70. [PMID: 22754224 PMCID: PMC3385182 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.96654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative expansion of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, CML samples were collected from various hospitals in Amritsar, Jalandhar and Ludhiana. RESULTS: Chromosomal alterations seen in peripheral blood lymphocytes of these treated and untreated cases of CML were satellite associations, double minutes, random loss, gain of C group chromosomes and presence of marker chromosome. No aberrations were observed in control samples. Karyotypic abnormalities have also been noted in the Ph-negative cells of some patients in disease remission. CONCLUSION: This is a novel phenomenon whose prognostic implications require thorough and systematic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kaur
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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