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Perret LC, Boivin M, Morneau-Vaillancourt G, Andlauer TFM, Paquin S, Langevin S, Girard A, Turecki G, O'Donnell K, Tremblay RE, Côté SM, Gouin JP, Ouellet-Morin I, Geoffroy MC. Polygenic risk score and peer victimisation independently predict depressive symptoms in adolescence: results from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Children Development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:388-396. [PMID: 36124742 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer victimisation has been associated with depressive symptoms during adolescence, however not all peer victimised adolescents will exhibit such symptoms. This study tested whether having a genetic predisposition to developing depression increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms in peer victimised youth. To date, no study has explored such gene-environment interaction using a polygenic risk score for depression (PRS-depression) in the context of peer victimisation and depressive symptoms in adolescence. METHODS The sample included 748 participants born in 1997/98 from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development with genotype data and prospectively collected information on peer victimisation (12-13 years) obtained from both self- and teacher-reports, as well as self-reported depressive symptoms (15-17 years). The PRS-depression was based on the genome-wide association meta-analysis of broad depression by Howard et al. (2019). RESULTS Self- and teacher-reported peer victimisation in early adolescence were both associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence (β = 0.34, p < .001; β = 0.14, p = .001 respectively), and this association remained significant when accounting for PRS-depression (β = 0.33, p < .001; β = 0.13, p = .002 respectively). PRS-depression was independently associated with depressive symptoms, but there was no significant PRS-depression by peer victimisation interaction (self-reported and teacher-reported). PRS-depression was correlated with self-reported, but not teacher-reported, peer victimisation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that a partial measure of an individual's genetic predisposition to depression, as measured by PRS-depression, and being exposed to peer victimisation (self- and teacher-reported) were independently associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence. Furthermore, PRS-depression did not exacerbate the risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents who had been peer victimised. Lastly, we found evidence of a gene-environment correlation between PRS-depression and self-reported peer victimisation. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding and to further understand the role of genetic predispositions in experiencing depressive symptoms following peer victimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa C Perret
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stéphane Paquin
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Langevin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alain Girard
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kieran O'Donnell
- Yale Child Study Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal & Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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The Role of Sex in Genetic Association Studies of Depression. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 7:e220013. [PMID: 36741030 PMCID: PMC9894025 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental illness in the U.S. affecting nearly 40 million adults age 18 years and older. Depression has both genetic and environmental influences. In addition, women are more likely to be affected by depression than men. However, the relationship between genes and depression is complex and may be influenced by sex. Understanding the genetic basis of sex-specific differences for depression has the potential to lead to new biological understanding of the etiology of depression in females compared to males and to promote the development of novel and more effective pharmacotherapies. This review examines the role of sex in genetic associations with depression for both genome-wide association and candidate gene studies. While the genetic association signals of depression differ by sex, the role of sex in the heritability of depression is complex and warrants further investigation.
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3
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Woodward EM, Coutellier L. Age- and sex-specific effects of stress on parvalbumin interneurons in preclinical models: Relevance to sex differences in clinical neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1228-1242. [PMID: 34718048 PMCID: PMC8642301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, with the capacity to impact susceptibility to disease as well as long-term neurobiological and behavioral outcomes. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, the most prominent subtype of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex, are uniquely responsive to stress due to their protracted development throughout the highly plastic neonatal period and into puberty and adolescence. Additionally, PV + interneurons appear to respond to stress in a sex-specific manner. This review aims to discuss existing preclinical studies that support our overall hypothesis that the sex-and age-specific impacts of stress on PV + interneurons contribute to differences in individual vulnerability to stress across the lifespan, particularly in regard to sex differences in the diagnostic rate of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases in clinical populations. We also emphasize the importance of studying sex as a biological variable to fully understand the mechanistic and behavioral differences between males and females in models of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Woodward
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 255 Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Building, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 255 Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Building, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 53 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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4
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Genome-wide stress sensitivity moderates the stress-depression relationship in a nationally representative sample of adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20332. [PMID: 34645846 PMCID: PMC8514581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We re-evaluate the findings of one of the most cited and disputed papers in gene-environment interaction (GxE) literature. In 2003, a paper was published in Science in which the authors demonstrated that the relationship between stress and depression is moderated by a polymorphism in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) of the gene SLC6A4. Replication has been weak and led many to challenge the overall significance of GxE research. Here, we utilize data from Add Health, a large, nationally representative, and well-powered longitudinal study to re-examine the genetic determinants of stress sensitivity. We characterize environmental sensitivity using a genome-wide polygenic indicator rather than relying on one polymorphism in a single candidate gene. Our results provide support for the stress-diathesis perspective and validate the scientific contributions of the original paper.
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5
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Checknita D, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S, Nilsson KW. Associations of age, sex, sexual abuse, and genotype with monoamine oxidase a gene methylation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1721-1739. [PMID: 34424394 PMCID: PMC8536631 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenome-wide studies report higher methylation among women than men with decreasing levels with age. Little is known about associations of sex and age with methylation of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). Methylation of the first exonic and partial first intronic region of MAOA has been shown to strengthen associations of interactions of MAOA-uVNTR genotypes and adversity with aggression and substance misuse. Our study examined associations of sex and age with MAOA first exon and intron methylation levels in 252 women and 157 men aged 14–73 years. Participants included adolescents recruited at a substance misuse clinic, their siblings and parents, and healthy women. Women showed ~ 50% higher levels of exonic, and ~ 15% higher intronic, methylation than men. Methylation levels were similar between younger (M = 22.7 years) and older (M = 46.1 years) participants, and stable across age. Age modified few associations of methylation levels with sex. MAOA genotypes modified few associations of methylation with sex and age. Higher methylation levels among women were not explained by genotype, nor interaction of genotype and sexual abuse. Findings were similar after adjusting for lifetime diagnoses of substance dependence (women = 24.3%; men = 34.2%). Methylation levels were higher among women who experienced sexual abuse than women who did not. Results extend on prior studies by showing that women display higher levels of methylation than men within first intronic/exonic regions of MAOA, which did not decrease with age in either sex. Findings were not conditioned by genotype nor interactions of genotype and trauma, and indicate X-chromosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Checknita
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Psychiatry Building R5:00 c/o Jari Tiihonen, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Council, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Psychiatry Building R5:00 c/o Jari Tiihonen, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Psychiatry Building R5:00 c/o Jari Tiihonen, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Council, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ohtsubo Y, Matsunaga M, Masuda T, Noguchi Y, Yamasue H, Ishii K. Test of the Serotonin Transporter Gene × Early Life Stress Interaction Effect on Subjective Well‐Being and Loneliness Among Japanese Young Adults. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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The neurobiology of human aggressive behavior: Neuroimaging, genetic, and neurochemical aspects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110059. [PMID: 32822763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In modern societies, there is a strive to improve the quality of life related to risk of crimes which inevitably requires a better understanding of brain determinants and mediators of aggression. Neurobiology provides powerful tools to achieve this end. Pre-clinical and clinical studies show that changes in regional volumes, metabolism-function and connectivity within specific neural networks are related to aggression. Subregions of prefrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, basal ganglia and hippocampus play a major role within these circuits and have been consistently implicated in biology of aggression. Genetic variations in proteins regulating the synthesis, degradation, and transport of serotonin and dopamine as well as their signal transduction have been found to mediate behavioral variability observed in aggression. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions represent additional important risk factors for aggressiveness. Considering the social burden of pathological forms of aggression, more basic and translational studies should be conducted to accelerate applications to clinical practice, justice courts, and policy making.
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8
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Sagud M, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Svob Strac D, Pivac N. A Load to Find Clinically Useful Biomarkers for Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:175-202. [PMID: 33834401 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is heterogeneous and complex disease with diverse symptoms. Its neurobiological underpinning is still not completely understood. For now, there are still no validated, easy obtainable, clinically useful noninvasive biomarker(s) or biomarker panel that will be able to confirm a diagnosis of depression, its subtypes and improve diagnostic procedures. Future multimodal preclinical and clinical research that involves (epi)genetic, molecular, cellular, imaging, and other studies is necessary to advance our understanding of the role of monoamines, GABA, HPA axis, neurotrophins, metabolome, and glycome in the pathogenesis of depression and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment response biomarkers. These studies should be focused to include the first-episode depression and antidepressant drug-naïve patients with large sample sizes to reduce variability in different biological and clinical parameters. At present, metabolomics study revealed with high precision that a neurometabolite panel consisting of plasma metabolite biomarkers (GABA, dopamine, tyramine, kynurenine) might represent clinically useful biomarkers of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Siemann JK, Grueter BA, McMahon DG. Rhythms, Reward, and Blues: Consequences of Circadian Photoperiod on Affective and Reward Circuit Function. Neuroscience 2020; 457:220-234. [PMID: 33385488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions, along with altered affective and reward states, are commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. In addition to genetics, the enduring influence of environmental factors in programming neural networks is of increased interest in assessing the underpinnings of mental health. The duration of daylight or photoperiod is known to impact both the serotonin and dopamine systems, which are implicated in mood and reward-based disorders. This review first examines the effects of circadian disruption and photoperiod in the serotonin system in both human and preclinical studies. We next highlight how brain regions crucial for the serotoninergic system (i.e., dorsal raphe nucleus; DRN), and dopaminergic (i.e., nucleus accumbens; NAc and ventral tegmental area; VTA) system are intertwined in overlapping circuitry, and play influential roles in the pathology of mood and reward-based disorders. We then focus on human and animal studies that demonstrate the impact of circadian factors on the dopaminergic system. Lastly, we discuss how environmental factors such as circadian photoperiod can impact the neural circuits that are responsible for regulating affective and reward states, offering novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology, systems, and therapeutic treatments necessary for mood and reward-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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10
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Li M, Liu S, D'Arcy C, Gao T, Meng X. Interactions of childhood maltreatment and genetic variations in adult depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:119-136. [PMID: 32697690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly increases the risk of adulthood psychopathology. Interplay between susceptible genetic variations and CM contributes to the occurrence of depression. This review aims to systematically synthesize the relationships between genetic variations and depression among those exposed to CM. Methods Electronic databases and gray literature to March 31st, 2020 were searched for literature on the topic of depression and CM limited to English-language. Data extraction and quality assessment of key study characteristics were conducted. Qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the findings. Results The initial search resulted in 9185 articles. A total of 29 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. High heterogeneity was identified regarding the study sample ages, candidate genes and SNPs, the categorization of CM and depression. The findings of this review include several frequently studied genes (5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, BDNF, CREB1, FKBP5, IL1B, NTRK2, and OXTR). Both consistent and inconsistent findings were identified. Overall, the interplay of CM with CREB1-rs2253206 significantly increased the risk of depression. In contrast, CRHR1-TCA haplotype (rs7209436, rs4792887, rs110402), CRHR1-rs17689882, and CRHR1-rs110402 showed protective effects on depression and depressive symptoms among individuals with a history of maltreatment. Limitations Due to clinical and methodological diversity of the studies a qualitative approach was used. Conclusion This review firstly provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between CM and genetic variations in adult depression. Future etiological explorations should focus on the above-identified genes for down-stream exploration and address the issues and challenges of gene by environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sibei Liu
- Mitacs Globalink Internship, Canada; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Ike KG, de Boer SF, Buwalda B, Kas MJ. Social withdrawal: An initially adaptive behavior that becomes maladaptive when expressed excessively. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:251-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Severity of self-reported depressive symptoms in a healthy sample is modulated by trait Harm Avoidance, not by 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113029. [PMID: 32619821 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The length of the serotonin transporter polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been suggested to be associated with risk for developing depression, though with inconsistent evidence. Likewise, the personality trait Harm Avoidance (HA) has been linked to vulnerability for developing depression. However, no study has investigated whether there is an interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR and trait HA on depressive symptoms in healthy individuals. METHODS A total of 319 healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and completed self-reported measures of personality trait HA with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and of depression with the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). Linear regression analyses were used to test interaction effects between 5-HTTLPR and HA on MDI. Post hoc analyses were further performed to investigate main effects of HA and possible interaction effects between 5-HTTLPR and HA sub-scales on MDI. RESULTS No significant interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR and HA on MDI was found. A significant main effect of trait HA on MDI was found, indicating that personality trait HA is a viable vulnerability factor for even sub-clinical depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study finds a strong significant relationship between HA and MDI. Moreover, the present study supports the line of research indicating that candidate gene-by-interactions does not increase vulnerability for developing depression even at a sub-clinical level.
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Licht CL, Mortensen EL, Hjordt LV, Stenbaek DS, Arentzen TE, Nørremølle A, Knudsen GM. Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) variation and sensory processing sensitivity-Comparison with other anxiety-related temperamental dimensions. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1352. [PMID: 32543106 PMCID: PMC7434600 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The short (s) allele of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) gene SLC6A4 has previously been associated with anxiety‐related personality dimensions. However, this relationship has not been confirmed in all studies and may be modified by environmental circumstances and/or psychiatric illness. This study examined whether the temperamental trait sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), characterized by increased responsivity to environmental stimuli, is related to 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 genotype. Methods 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 genotypes, level of SPS, self‐reported Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality profiles, and symptoms of psychological distress (SCL‐90R Global Severity Index) were determined for 405 healthy volunteers. Results Sensory processing sensitivity was highly correlated with the anxiety‐related dimensions of the NEO‐PI‐R and the TCI models of personality, Neuroticism, and Harm Avoidance, respectively. However, the level of SPS was not associated with the combined 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 s′/s′ genotype. Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance were also not associated with 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 s′/s′ genotype. Correcting for symptoms of psychological distress had no effect on the relationships between personality and genotype. Conclusion The level of SPS was not associated with serotonin transporter gene variation. Further, combined 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 genotype was not associated with other anxiety‐related dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie L Licht
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Tine E Arentzen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Heuschkel K, Kuypers KP. Depression, Mindfulness, and Psilocybin: Possible Complementary Effects of Mindfulness Meditation and Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression. A Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:224. [PMID: 32296353 PMCID: PMC7136554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major public health problem that affects approximately 4.4% of the global population. Since conventional pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies are only partially effective, as demonstrated by the number of patients failing to achieve remission, alternative treatments are needed. Mindfulness meditation (MM) and psilocybin represent two promising novel treatments that might even have complementary therapeutic effects when combined. Since the current literature is limited to theoretical and empirical underpinnings of either treatment alone, the present review aimed to identify possible complementary effects that may be relevant to the treatment of depression. To that end, the individual effects of MM and psilocybin, and their underlying working mechanisms, were compared on a non-exhaustive selection of six prominent psychological and biological processes that are well known to show impairments in patients suffering from major depression disorder, that is mood, executive functioning, social skills, neuroplasticity, core neural networks, and neuroendocrine and neuroimmunological levels. Based on predefined search strings used in two online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) 1129 articles were identified. After screening title and abstract for relevance related to the question, 82 articles were retained and 11 were added after reference list search, resulting in 93 articles included in the review. Findings show that MM and psilocybin exert similar effects on mood, social skills, and neuroplasticity; different effects were found on executive functioning, neural core networks, and neuroendocrine and neuroimmune system markers. Potential mechanisms of MM's effects are enhanced affective self-regulation through mental strategies, optimization of stress reactivity, and structural and functional adjustments of prefrontal and limbic areas; psilocybin's effects might be established via attenuation of cognitive associations through deep personal insights, cognitive disinhibition, and global neural network disintegration. It is suggested that, when used in combination, MM and psilocybin could exert complementary effects by potentiating or prolonging mutual positive effects, for example, MM potentially facilitating psilocybin-induced peak experiences. Future placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials focusing on psilocybin-assisted mindfulness-based therapy will provide knowledge about whether the proposed combination of therapies maximizes their efficacy in the treatment of depression or depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim P.C. Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Brydges NM, Reddaway J. Neuroimmunological effects of early life experiences. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820953706. [PMID: 33015371 PMCID: PMC7513403 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820953706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to adverse experiences during development increases the risk of psychiatric illness later in life. Growing evidence suggests a role for the neuroimmune system in this relationship. There is now substantial evidence that the immune system is critical for normal brain development and behaviour, and responds to environmental perturbations experienced early in life. Severe or chronic stress results in dysregulated neuroimmune function, concomitant with abnormal brain morphology and function. Positive experiences including environmental enrichment and exercise exert the opposite effect, promoting normal brain and immune function even in the face of early life stress. The neuroimmune system may therefore provide a viable target for prevention and treatment of psychiatric illness. This review will briefly summarise the neuroimmune system in brain development and function, and review the effects of stress and positive environmental experiences during development on neuroimmune function. There are also significant sex differences in how the neuroimmune system responds to environmental experiences early in life, which we will briefly review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola M. Brydges
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research
Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jack Reddaway
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research
Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Cheng Y, Sun M, Chen L, Li Y, Lin L, Yao B, Li Z, Wang Z, Chen J, Miao Z, Xin N, Huang L, Allen EG, Wu H, Xu X, Jin P. Ten-Eleven Translocation Proteins Modulate the Response to Environmental Stress in Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3194-3203.e4. [PMID: 30540950 PMCID: PMC6350936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is enriched in brain and has been recognized as an important DNA modification. However, the roles of 5hmC and its writers, ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins, in stress-induced response have yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced depression-like behavior in mice and resulted in a 5hmC reduction in prefrontal cortex (PFC). We found that loss of Tet1 (Tet1 KO) led to resistance to CRS, whereas loss of Tet2 (Tet2 KO) increased the susceptibility of mice to CRS. Genome-wide 5hmC profiling identified the phenotype-associated stress-induced dynamically hydroxymethylated loci (PA-SI-DhMLs), which are strongly enriched with hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) binding motifs. We demonstrated the physical interaction between TET1 and HIF1α induced by CRS and revealed that the increased HIF1α binding under CRS is associated with SI-DhMLs. These results suggest that TET1 could regulate stress-induced response by interacting with HIFIα. The roles of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and its writers, Tet proteins, in stress-induced response remain unclear. Cheng et al. show that Tet1 knockout mice exhibit resistance, whereas Tet2 knockout mice have increased susceptibility to stress. Biochemical and genome-wide analyses suggest that Tet1 could regulate stress-induced response by interacting with Hif1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City 215006, P.R. China; Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City 215006, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhigang Miao
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xin
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City 215006, P.R. China
| | - Luoxiu Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Emily G Allen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xingshun Xu
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City 215006, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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17
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Caplan B, Morgan J, Noroña AN, Tung I, Lee SS, Baker BL. The nature and nurture of social development: The role of 5-HTTLPR and gene-parenting interactions. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2019; 33:927-937. [PMID: 31414862 PMCID: PMC6878128 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Social skills are traditionally viewed as acquired through social environments including parenting. However, biopsychosocial models highlight the importance of genetic influences and gene-environment interactions (G×Es) in child development. Extant G×E investigations often fail to account for developmental changes in the phenotype or rigorously assess the social environment using observational measures. The present study prospectively assessed 110 children (44.5% female) and their parents to explore biologically plausible independent and interactive associations of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and observed positive and negative parenting in prediction of (a) initial levels of social skills at school entry (age 6 years) and (b) developmental changes in social skills across the early school years (ages 6-9 years). Overall, the SS (vs. SL/LL) 5-HTTLPR genotype inversely predicted social skills across all domains, although parenting behavior moderated these associations wherein putative G×E effects differed by developmental timing and social skills domain. Positive parenting positively predicted concurrent (age 6) overall social skills for children with SL/LL genotypes, but not the SS genotype. However, for the SS group only, age 6 positive parenting positively predicted prospective growth in social responsibility, although negative parenting positively predicted growth in social cooperation. Findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR may signal differential sensitivities to parenting styles and patterns of social development, which may help to inform targeted intervention approaches to enhance person-environment fit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Caplan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Julia Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Steve S. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bruce L. Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
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18
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Elbau IG, Cruceanu C, Binder EB. Genetics of Resilience: Gene-by-Environment Interaction Studies as a Tool to Dissect Mechanisms of Resilience. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:433-442. [PMID: 31202489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The identification and understanding of resilience mechanisms holds potential for the development of mechanistically informed prevention and interventions in psychiatry. However, investigating resilience mechanisms is conceptually and methodologically challenging because resilience does not merely constitute the absence of disease-specific risk but rather reflects active processes that aid in the maintenance of physiological and psychological homeostasis across a broad range of environmental circumstances. In this conceptual review, we argue that the principle used in gene-by-environment interaction studies may help to unravel resilience mechanisms on different investigation levels. We present how this could be achieved by top-down designs that start with gene-by-environment interaction effects on disease phenotypes as well as by bottom-up approaches that start at the molecular level. We also discuss how recent technological advances may improve both top-down and bottom-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel G Elbau
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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19
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Nestor PG, O'Donovan K, Lapp HE, Hasler VC, Boodai SB, Hunter R. Risk and protective effects of serotonin and BDNF genes on stress-related adult psychiatric symptoms. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100186. [PMID: 31440532 PMCID: PMC6700400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on individual risk by examining childhood adversity and current psychiatric symptoms in a sample of 100 college students genotyped for both the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Naturally occurring allelic variation in 5-HTTLPR (short/long) and BDNF (valine/methionine) have been strongly implicated in stress-related psychiatric risk, but the combined effects of these alleles on psychological functioning have yet to be fully elucidated. Univariate analysis revealed gene-environment correlations linking heightened psychiatric risk with past childhood adversity for short but not long 5-HTTLPR allelic carriers and for valine (Val) but not methionine (Met) BDNF allelic carriers. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant gene x gene interaction with results showing that risk varied systematically depending on both 5-HTTLPR and BDNF alleles, independent of childhood adversity. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that approximately 11% of the variance in symptoms of depression could be specifically accounted for by the epistatic interaction of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF val66Met polymorphisms. Allelic group analyses indicated lowest risk, as measured by depression and anxiety, for allelic carriers of 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF Met, followed by 5-HTTLPR-long and BDNF-Val, 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF-Val, and 5-HTTLPR-long and BDNF-Met. Results suggest that protective or risk-enhancing effects on stress-related psychiatric functioning may depend on specific allelic combinations of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF.
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20
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Rogers J, Chen F, Stanic D, Farzana F, Li S, Zeleznikow-Johnston AM, Nithianantharajah J, Churilov L, Adlard PA, Lanfumey L, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Paradoxical effects of exercise on hippocampal plasticity and cognition in mice with a heterozygous null mutation in the serotonin transporter gene. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3279-3296. [PMID: 31167040 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exercise is known to improve cognitive function, but the exact synaptic and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the potential role of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) in mediating these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and neurogenesis were measured in standard-housed and exercising (wheel running) wild-type (WT) and SERT heterozygous (HET) mice. We also assessed hippocampal-dependent cognition using the Morris water maze (MWM) and a spatial pattern separation touchscreen task. KEY RESULTS SERT HET mice had impaired hippocampal LTP regardless of the housing conditions. Exercise increased hippocampal neurogenesis in WT mice. However, this was not observed in SERT HET animals, even though both genotypes used the running wheels to a similar extent. We also found that standard-housed SERT HET mice displayed altered cognitive flexibility than WT littermate controls in the MWM reversal learning task. However, SERT HET mice no longer exhibited this phenotype after exercise. Cognitive changes, specific to SERT HET mice in the exercise condition, were also revealed on the touchscreen spatial pattern separation task, especially when the cognitive pattern separation load was at its highest. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study is the first evidence of reduced hippocampal LTP in SERT HET mice. We also show that functional SERT is required for exercise-induced increase in adult neurogenesis. Paradoxically, exercise had a negative impact on hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks, especially in SERT HET mice. Taken together, our results suggest unique complex interactions between exercise and altered 5-HT homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Rogers
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Feng Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Davor Stanic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Farheen Farzana
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ariel M Zeleznikow-Johnston
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Dunn GA, Nigg JT, Sullivan EL. Neuroinflammation as a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 182:22-34. [PMID: 31103523 PMCID: PMC6855401 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a persistent, and impairing pediatric-onset neurodevelopmental condition. Its high prevalence, and recurrent controversy over its widespread identification and treatment, drive strong interest in its etiology and mechanisms. Emerging evidence for a role for neuroinflammation in ADHD pathophysiology is of great interest. This evidence includes 1) the above-chance comorbidity of ADHD with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, 2) initial studies indicating an association with ADHD and increased serum cytokines, 3) preliminary evidence from genetic studies demonstrating associations between polymorphisms in genes associated with inflammatory pathways and ADHD, 4) emerging evidence that early life exposure to environmental factors may increase risk for ADHD via an inflammatory mechanism, and 5) mechanistic evidence from animal models of maternal immune activation documenting behavioral and neural outcomes consistent with ADHD. Prenatal exposure to inflammation is associated with changes in offspring brain development including reductions in cortical gray matter volume and the volume of certain cortical areas -parallel to observations associated with ADHD. Alterations in neurotransmitter systems, including the dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems, are observed in ADHD populations. Animal models provide strong evidence that development and function of these neurotransmitters systems are sensitive to exposure to in utero inflammation. In summary, accumulating evidence from human studies and animal models, while still incomplete, support a potential role for neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Confirmation of this association and the underlying mechanisms have become valuable targets for research. If confirmed, such a picture may be important in opening new intervention routes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health and Science University, United States of America
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- University of Oregon, United States of America; Oregon Health and Science University, United States of America; Oregon National Primate Research Center, United States of America.
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22
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Siemann JK, Green NH, Reddy N, McMahon DG. Sequential Photoperiodic Programing of Serotonin Neurons, Signaling and Behaviors During Prenatal and Postnatal Development. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:459. [PMID: 31133791 PMCID: PMC6517556 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stimuli during critical developmental time frames have been linked to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders later in life. The serotonergic system of the brain is implicated in mood disorders and is impacted by the duration of daylight, or photoperiod. Here we sought to investigate sensitive periods of prenatal and postnatal development for photoperiodic programming of DRN serotonin neurons, midbrain serotonin and metabolite levels along with affective behaviors in adolescence (P30) or adulthood (P50). To address these questions we restricted the interval of exposure to prenatal development (E0-P0) for Long summer-like photoperiods (LD 16:8), or Short winter-like photoperiods (LD 8:16) with postnatal development and maturation then occurring under the opposing photoperiod. Prenatal exposure alone to Long photoperiods was sufficient to fully program increased excitability of DRN serotonin neurons into adolescence and adulthood, similar to maintained exposure to Long photoperiods throughout development. Interestingly, Long photoperiod exposure can elevate serotonin and its’ corresponding metabolite levels along with reducing affective behavior, which appear to have both pre and postnatal origins. Thus, exposure to Long photoperiods prenatally programs increased DRN serotonin neuronal excitability, but this step is insufficient to program serotonin signaling and affective behavior. Continuing influence of Long photoperiods during postnatal development then modulates serotonergic content and has protective effects for depressive-like behavior. Photoperiodic programing of serotonin function in mice appears to be a sequential process with programing of neuronal excitability as a first step occurring prenatally, while programing of circuit level serotonin signaling and behavior extends into the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Silvio O. Conte Center for Neuroscience Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Noah H Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Silvio O. Conte Center for Neuroscience Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nikhil Reddy
- Vanderbilt Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Silvio O. Conte Center for Neuroscience Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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23
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VanTieghem MR, Tottenham N. Neurobiological Programming of Early Life Stress: Functional Development of Amygdala-Prefrontal Circuitry and Vulnerability for Stress-Related Psychopathology. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:117-136. [PMID: 28439771 PMCID: PMC5940575 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences are associated with heighted vulnerability for stress-related psychopathology across the lifespan. While extensive work has investigated the effects of early adversity on neurobiology in adulthood, developmental approaches can provide further insight on the neurobiological mechanisms that link early experiences and long-term mental health outcomes. In the current review, we discuss the role of emotion regulation circuitry implicated in stress-related psychopathology from a developmental and transdiagnostic perspective. We highlight converging evidence suggesting that multiple forms of early adverse experiences impact the functional development of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry. Next, we discuss how adversity-induced alterations in amygdala-prefrontal development are associated with symptoms of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology. Additionally, we discuss potential mechanisms through which protective factors may buffer the effects of early adversity on amygdala-prefrontal development to confer more adaptive long-term outcomes. Finally, we consider limitations of the existing literature and make suggestions for future longitudinal and translational research that can better elucidate the mechanisms linking early adversity, neurobiology, and emotional phenotypes. Together, these findings may provide further insight into the neuro-developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of adversity-related emotional disorders and facilitate the development of targeted interventions that can ameliorate risk for psychopathology in youth exposed to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R VanTieghem
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1990 Amsterdam Ave, MC 5501, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1990 Amsterdam Ave, MC 5501, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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24
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Do DP, Locklar LRB, Florsheim P. Triple jeopardy: the joint impact of racial segregation and neighborhood poverty on the mental health of black Americans. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:533-541. [PMID: 30671599 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because segregation may shield blacks from discrimination as well as increase their exposure to concentrated poverty, its net impact on the mental well-being of black Americans is unclear. We investigated the intersection between segregation, neighborhood poverty, race, and psychological well-being. METHODS Using data from the nationally representative 2008-2013 National Health Interview Survey merged with U.S. Census data, we examined the association between black-white metropolitan segregation (D-index and P-index) and psychological distress (a binary indicator based on the Kessler 6 score ≥ 13) for blacks and whites. Furthermore, we assessed whether neighborhood poverty explains and/or modifies the association. Logistic regression models were estimated separately for blacks and whites as well as for each segregation index. RESULTS Higher D- and P-indices were associated with higher odds of psychological distress for blacks. Neighborhood poverty explained some, but not all, of the association. In models that allowed for the impact of metropolitan segregation to vary by neighborhood poverty, higher segregation was found to be detrimental for blacks who resided in high poverty neighborhoods but not for those living in low poverty neighborhoods. We found no evidence that segregation impacts the mental health of whites-either detrimentally or beneficially-regardless of neighborhood poverty level. CONCLUSIONS The impact of segregation differs by neighborhood poverty and race. The psychological harm of structural racism, resulting in segregation and concentrated poverty, is not additive but multiplicative, reflecting a "triple jeopardy" for blacks, whereby their mental health is detrimentally impacted by the compounded effects of both neighborhood distress and racial segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Phuong Do
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Lindsay R B Locklar
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paul Florsheim
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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25
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Madrid JE, Mandalaywala TM, Coyne SP, Ahloy-Dallaire J, Garner JP, Barr CS, Maestripieri D, Parker KJ. Adaptive developmental plasticity in rhesus macaques: the serotonin transporter gene interacts with maternal care to affect juvenile social behaviour. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0541. [PMID: 29925616 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has increasingly highlighted the role that developmental plasticity-the ability of a particular genotype to produce variable phenotypes in response to different early environments-plays as an adaptive mechanism. One of the most widely studied genetic contributors to developmental plasticity in humans and rhesus macaques is a serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), which determines transcriptional efficiency of the serotonin transporter gene in vitro and modifies the availability of synaptic serotonin in these species. A majority of studies to date have shown that carriers of a loss-of-function variant of the 5-HTTLPR, the short (s) allele, develop a stress-reactive phenotype in response to adverse early environments compared with long (l) allele homozygotes, leading to the prevalent conceptualization of the s-allele as a vulnerability allele. However, this framework fails to address the independent evolution of these loss-of-function mutations in both humans and macaques as well as the high population prevalence of s-alleles in both species. Here we show in free-ranging rhesus macaques that s-allele carriers benefit more from supportive early social environments than l-allele homozygotes, such that s-allele carriers which receive higher levels of maternal protection during infancy demonstrate greater social competence later in life. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first empirical support for the assertion that the s-allele grants high undirected biological sensitivity to context in primates and suggest a mechanism through which the 5-HTTLPR s-allele is maintained in primate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus E Madrid
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tara M Mandalaywala
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sean P Coyne
- Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Jamie Ahloy-Dallaire
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph P Garner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christina S Barr
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dario Maestripieri
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karen J Parker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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26
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Fleming AS, Kraemer GW. Molecular and Genetic Bases of Mammalian Maternal Behavior. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289719827306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison S. Fleming
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary W. Kraemer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Artero S, Maller J, Meslin C, Ritchie K, Ryan J, Chaudieu I. Lifetime major depression and grey-matter volume. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:45-53. [PMID: 30565905 PMCID: PMC6306287 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of structural brain alterations in major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about how these alterations might be affected by age at onset or genetic vulnerability. This study examines whether lifetime episodes of MDD are associated with specific alterations in grey-matter volume, and whether those alterations vary according to sex or serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotype (LL, SL or SS). METHODS We used structural MRI to acquire anatomic scans from 610 community-dwelling participants. We derived quantitative regional estimates of grey-matter volume in 16 subregions using FreeSurfer software. We diagnosed MDD according to DSM-IV criteria. We adjusted analyses for age, sex, total brain volume, education level, head injury and comorbidities. RESULTS Lifetime MDD was associated with a smaller insula, thalamus, ventral diencephalon, pallidum and nucleus accumbens and with a larger pericalcarine region in both men and women. These associations remained after adjustment for false discovery rate. Lifetime MDD was also associated with a smaller caudate nucleus and amygdala in men and with a larger rostral anterior cingulate cortex in women. Late-onset first episodes of MDD (after age 50 years) were associated with a larger rostral anterior cingulate cortex and lingual and pericalcarine regions; early-onset MDD was associated with a smaller ventral diencephalon and nucleus accumbens. Some associations differed according to 5-HTTLPR genotype: the thalamus was smaller in participants with MDD and the LL genotype; pericalcarine and lingual volumes were higher in those with the SL genotype. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Major depressive disorder was associated with persistent volume reductions in the deep nuclei and insula and with enlargements in visual cortex subregions; alterations varied according to age of onset and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Jerome Maller
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Chantal Meslin
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Karen Ritchie
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
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van Dalfsen JH, Markus CR. The serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and cortisol stress responsiveness: preliminary evidence for a modulating role for sleep quality. Stress 2018; 21:503-510. [PMID: 29790822 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1475472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The short (S) allele of a functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) within the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is found to predispose the risk for stress-related affective disorders relative to the long (L) allele. Evidence suggests that elevated stress reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis might underlie this association although there is little understanding about the origin of inconsistent findings. Since inadequate sleep is commonly known to promote HPA stress reactivity, it might well play an important modulating role. The present study tested this hypothesis by investigating whether sleep quality moderates the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and cortisol stress responsiveness. From a large 5-HTTLPR database (n = 771), a sample of healthy male and female participants homozygous for either the 5-HTTLPR S-allele (n = 25) or L-allele (n = 25) were assessed for sleep quality and salivary cortisol secretion during acute laboratory stress. Diminished sleep quality was found to exclusively potentiate cortisol stress reactivity in the homozygous L-allele genotype. Accounting for this 5-HTTLPR-dependent influence enhanced the predictive value of 5-HTTLPR on cortisol stress responsiveness, revealing greater HPA reactivity in S-allele relative to L-allele carriers. Current findings suggest that variations in sleep quality may serve as a confounding factor in the search for genetic differences in stress sensitivity and related affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H van Dalfsen
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - C Rob Markus
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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29
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Aleknaviciute J, Tulen JHM, de Rijke YB, van der Kroeg M, Kooiman CG, Kushner SA. The 5-HTTLPR genotype, early life adversity and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress in women. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:180-185. [PMID: 29988976 PMCID: PMC6034461 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has previously been associated with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Moreover, it has been suggested that this association is moderated by an interaction with stressful life experiences. AIMS To investigate the moderation of cortisol response to psychosocial stress by 5-HTTLPR genotype, either directly or through an interaction with early life stress. METHOD A total of 151 women, 85 of which had personality psychopathology, performed the Trier Social Stress Test while cortisol responsivity was assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrate a main effect of genotype on cortisol responsivity. Women carrying two copies of the long version of 5-HTTLPR exhibited stronger cortisol responses to psychosocial stress than women with at least one copy of the short allele (P = 0.03). However, the proportion of the variance of stress-induced cortisol responsivity explained by 5-HTTLPR genotype was not further strengthened by including early life adversity as a moderating factor (P = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need to clarify gender-specific biological factors influencing the serotonergic system. Furthermore, our results suggest that childhood maltreatment, specifically during the first 15 years of life, is unlikely to exert a moderating influence of large effect on the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Aleknaviciute
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke H. M. Tulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B. de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van der Kroeg
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis G. Kooiman
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Mental Health Clinic De Viersprong, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A. Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Nilsson KW, Åslund C, Comasco E, Oreland L. Gene-environment interaction of monoamine oxidase A in relation to antisocial behaviour: current and future directions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1601-1626. [PMID: 29881923 PMCID: PMC6224008 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering finding of Caspi and co-workers in 2002 that exposure to childhood maltreatment predicted later antisocial behaviour (ASB) in male carriers of the low-activity MAOA-uVNTR allele, frequent replication studies have been published. Two meta-analyses, one in 2006 and the other in 2014, confirmed the original findings by Caspi and co-workers. In the present paper, we review the literature, note some methodological aspects of candidate gene–environment interaction (cG×E) studies and suggest some future directions. Our conclusions are as follows. (1) The direction of the effect in a cG×E model may differ according to the positive and negative environmental background of the population. (2) There is a predictor-intersection problem such that when measuring one type of maltreatment in a person, other kinds of maltreatment often co-occur. Other forms of abuse are implicitly considered in statistical models; therefore, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the effects of timing and the severity of different forms of stressful life events in relation to ASB. (3) There is also an outcome-intersection problem because of the major intersection of ASB and other forms of mental health problems. It is likely that the G×E with MAOA is related to a common unmeasured factor. (4) For the G×E model, in which the effect of the gene on the outcome variable is dependent on other predictor variables, theoretically, hypothesis-driven statistical modelling is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Oreland
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Klucken T, Tapia León I, Blecker C, Kruse O, Stalder T, Stark R. Failure to Replicate the Association Between Fractional Anisotropy and the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531). Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:80. [PMID: 29760654 PMCID: PMC5937012 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work underlines the importance of alterations in white matter (e.g., measured by fractional anisotropy (FA)) as a neural vulnerability marker for psychiatric disorders. In this context, the uncinate fasciculus (UF), which connects the limbic system with prefrontal areas, has repeatedly been linked to psychiatric disorders, fear processing, and anxiety-related traits. Individual differences in FA may partly be genetically determined. Variation in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) is a particularly promising candidate in this context, which has been linked to psychiatric disorders as well as to limbic and prefrontal reactivity. However, findings on the association between the 5-HTTLPR and FA within the UF-tract have been heterogeneous. The present study investigated this relationship and extended previous work by considering different genetic classification approaches as well as sex effects in a human sample (n = 114). All participants were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and the rs25531 polymorphism. As a main result, we did not find any significant relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and FA in the UF-tract although power analyses showed an adequate power. In addition, genotype effects were neither found when different classification approaches were used nor when analyses were carried out in males or females only. The present findings suggest that the association of the 5-HTTLPR and FA seems to be a more labile phenomenon than previously assumed. Possible explanations and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Klucken
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tim Klucken
| | - Isabell Tapia León
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlo Blecker
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Onno Kruse
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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32
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Åslund C, Nilsson KW. Individual biological sensitivity to environmental influences: testing the differential susceptibility properties of the 5HTTLPR polymorphism in relation to depressive symptoms and delinquency in two adolescent general samples. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:977-993. [PMID: 29427067 PMCID: PMC5968061 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gene–environment interaction research field in psychiatry has traditionally been dominated by the diathesis–stress framework, where certain genotypes are assumed to confer increased risk for adverse outcomes in a stressful environment. In later years, theories of differential susceptibility, or biological sensitivity, suggest that candidate genes that interact with environmental events do not exclusively confer a risk for behavioural or psychiatric disorders but rather seem to alter the sensitivity to both positive and negative environmental influences. The present study investigates the susceptibility properties of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) in relation to depressive symptoms and delinquency in two separate adolescent community samples: n = 1457, collected in 2006; and n = 191, collected in 2001. Two-, three-, and four-way interactions between the 5HTTLPR, positive and negative family environment, and sex were found in relation to both depressive symptoms and delinquency. However, the susceptibility properties of the 5HTTLPR were distinctly less pronounced in relation to depressive symptoms. If the assumption that the 5HTTLPR induces differential susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences is correct, the previous failures to measure and control for positive environmental factors might be a possible explanation for former inconsistent findings within the research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, 721 89, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, 721 89, Västerås, Sweden.
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Bleys D, Luyten P, Soenens B, Claes S. Gene-environment interactions between stress and 5-HTTLPR in depression: A meta-analytic update. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:339-345. [PMID: 29031184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses have yielded contradictory findings concerning the role of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with stress (GxE) in depression. The current meta-analysis investigates if these contradictory findings are a result of differences between studies in methodological approaches towards the assessment of stress and depression. METHODS After performing a systematic database search (February to December 2016), first, a meta-analysis was used to investigate the total effect size and publication bias. Second, stratified meta-analyses were used to investigate the potential moderating influence of different methodological approaches on heterogeneity of study findings. Third, a meta-regression was used to investigate the combined influence of the methodological approaches on the overall effect size. RESULTS Results showed a small but significant effect of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with stress in the prediction of depression (OR[95%CI] = 1.18[1.09; 1.28], n = 48 effect sizes from 51 studies, totaling 51,449 participants). There was no evidence of publication bias. Heterogeneity of effect sizes was a result of outliers and not due to different methodological approaches towards the assessment of stress and depression. Yet, there was some evidence that studies adopting a categorical and interview approach to the assessment of stress report higher GxE effects, but further replication of this finding is needed. LIMITATIONS A large amount of heterogeneity (i.e., 46%) was not explained by the methodological factors included in the study and there was a low response rate of invited studies. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis provides new evidence for the robustness of the interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bleys
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Luyten
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Soenens
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- KU Leuven, Research Group Psychiatry, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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ADHD Symptoms in Middle Adolescence Predict Exposure to Person-Related Life Stressors in Late Adolescence in 5-HTTLPR S-allele Homozygotes. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:1427-1437. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ancelin ML, Scali J, Norton J, Ritchie K, Dupuy AM, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. The effect of an adverse psychological environment on salivary cortisol levels in the elderly differs by 5-HTTLPR genotype. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 7:38-46. [PMID: 28377990 PMCID: PMC5369865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adverse psychological environment (e.g. stressful events or depression) has been shown to influence basal cortisol levels and cortisol response to stress. This differs depending on the adverse stimuli, but also varies across individuals and may be influenced by genetic predisposition. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is a strong candidate in this regard. OBJECTIVE To investigate how stressful life events and depression are associated with diurnal cortisol levels in community-dwelling elderly and determine whether this varies according to genetic variability in the 5-HTTLPR. METHODS This population-based study included 334 subjects aged 65 and older (mean (SD) = 76.5 (6.3)). Diurnal cortisol was measured on two separate days, under quiet (basal) and stressful conditions. The number of recent major stressful events experienced during the past year was assessed from a 12-item validated questionnaire as an index of cumulative recent stressful events. Lifetime trauma was evaluated using the validated Watson's PTSD inventory, which evaluates the most severe traumatic or frightening experience according to DSM criteria. Depression was defined as having a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnosis of current major depressive disorder or high levels of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale ≥16). 5-HTTLPR genotyping was performed on blood samples. RESULTS Exposure to stressful life events was associated with lower basal evening cortisol levels overall, and in the participants with the 5-HTTLPR L allele but not the SS genotype. The greatest effects (over 50% decrease, p < 0.001) were observed for the LL participants having experienced multiple recent stressful events or severe lifetime traumas. Participants with the L allele also had higher evening cortisol stress response. Conversely, depression tended to be associated with a 42% higher basal morning cortisol in the SS participants specifically, but did not modify the association between stressful events and cortisol levels. CONCLUSION An adverse psychological environment is associated with basal cortisol levels and cortisol stress response, but this differs according to 5-HTTLPR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacqueline Scali
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Norton
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Disease Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia
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Mufford MS, Stein DJ, Dalvie S, Groenewold NA, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. Neuroimaging genomics in psychiatry-a translational approach. Genome Med 2017; 9:102. [PMID: 29179742 PMCID: PMC5704437 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging genomics is a relatively new field focused on integrating genomic and imaging data in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying brain phenotypes and neuropsychiatric disorders. While early work in neuroimaging genomics focused on mapping the associations of candidate gene variants with neuroimaging measures in small cohorts, the lack of reproducible results inspired better-powered and unbiased large-scale approaches. Notably, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of brain imaging in thousands of individuals around the world have led to a range of promising findings. Extensions of such approaches are now addressing epigenetics, gene–gene epistasis, and gene–environment interactions, not only in brain structure, but also in brain function. Complementary developments in systems biology might facilitate the translation of findings from basic neuroscience and neuroimaging genomics to clinical practice. Here, we review recent approaches in neuroimaging genomics—we highlight the latest discoveries, discuss advantages and limitations of current approaches, and consider directions by which the field can move forward to shed light on brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Mufford
- UCT/MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925
| | - Dan J Stein
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90292, USA.
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Cumulative prenatal exposure to adversity reveals associations with a broad range of neurodevelopmental outcomes that are moderated by a novel, biologically informed polygenetic score based on the serotonin transporter solute carrier family C6, member 4 (SLC6A4) gene expression. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1601-1617. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile many studies focus on the association between early life adversity and the later risk for psychopathology, few simultaneously explore diverse forms of environmental adversity. Moreover, those studies that examined the cumulative impact of early life adversity focus uniquely on postnatal influences. The objective of this study was to focus on the fetal period of development to construct and validate a cumulative prenatal adversity score in relation to a wide range of neurodevelopmental outcomes. We also examined the interaction of this adversity score with a biologically informed genetic score based on the serotonin transporter gene. Prenatal adversities were computed in two community birth cohorts using information on health during pregnancy, birth weight, gestational age, income, domestic violence/sexual abuse, marital strain, as well as maternal smoking, anxiety, and depression. A genetic score based on genes coexpressed with the serotonin transporter in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex during prenatal life was constructed with an emphasis on functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms, that is, expression quantitative trait loci. Prenatal adversities predicted a wide range of developmental and behavioral alterations in children as young as 2 years of age in both cohorts. There were interactions between the genetic score and adversities for several domains of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), with pervasive developmental problems remaining significant adjustment for multiple comparisons. Scores combining different prenatal adverse exposures predict childhood behavior and interact with the genetic background to influence the risk for psychopathology.
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Does psychological resilience buffer against the link between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and depression following stress. Physiol Behav 2017; 180:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rozenblat V, Ryan J, Wertheim E, King R, Olsson CA, Letcher P, Krug I. Relationships Between Self-Reported and Observed Parenting Behaviour, Adolescent Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours, and the 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism: Data From the Australian Temperament Project. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:381-388. [PMID: 28695573 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether self-reported and observationally measured parental behaviours were associated with disordered eating, and investigated possible moderation by a serotonin-transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). Study 1 included 650 adolescents from the Australian Temperament Project who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 Drive for Thinness and Bulimia scales at 15/16 years and were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Parents completed an Australian Temperament Project-devised measure of parental warmth and harsh punishment. Study 2 included a subgroup of 304 participants who also engaged in a video-recorded family interaction, with observed parental warmth and hostility coded by the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scale. Greater self-reported parental warmth was associated with lower bulimia scores. Conversely, observationally measured parental warmth was associated with lower drive for thinness, but not bulimia. Self-reported parental harsh punishment was associated with bulimia only, with observed parental hostility associated with neither outcome. 5-HTTLPR genotype did not moderate the relationship between parent behaviours and adolescent disordered eating. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Rozenblat
- Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eleanor Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross King
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Primrose Letcher
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Sánchez-López M, Bartolomé-Gutiérrez R, Rodríguez-Martín B, Notario-Pacheco B. Resilience as a mediator between cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:316-321. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Social and Health Care Research Center; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- School of Health Sciences; Autonomous University of Chile; Talca Chile
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Social and Health Care Research Center; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- School of Education; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and Nursing; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Talavera de la Reina Spain
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Hosang GM, Fisher HL, Cohen-Woods S, McGuffin P, Farmer AE. Stressful life events and catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) gene in bipolar disorder. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:419-426. [PMID: 28102561 DOI: 10.1002/da.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small body of research suggests that gene-environment interactions play an important role in the development of bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study is to contribute to this work by exploring the relationship between stressful life events and the catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) Val158 Met polymorphism in bipolar disorder. METHODS Four hundred eighty-two bipolar cases and 205 psychiatrically healthy controls completed the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire. Bipolar cases reported the events experienced 6 months before their worst depressive and manic episodes; controls reported those events experienced 6 months prior to their interview. The genotypic information for the COMT Val158 Met variant (rs4680) was extracted from GWAS analysis of the sample. RESULTS The impact of stressful life events was moderated by the COMT genotype for the worst depressive episode using a Val dominant model (adjusted risk difference = 0.09, 95% confidence intervals = 0.003-0.18, P = .04). For the worst manic episodes no significant interactions between COMT and stressful life events were detected. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore the relationship between stressful life events and the COMT Val158 Met polymorphism focusing solely on bipolar disorder. The results of this study highlight the importance of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors for bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Hosang
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne E Farmer
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Stenseng F, Li Z, Belsky J, Hygen BW, Skalicka V, Guzey IC, Wichstrøm L. Peer Problems and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Among Norwegian and American Children: The Role of 5-HTTLPR. Child Dev 2017; 89:509-524. [PMID: 28295205 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peer problems are linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the serotonin system is thought to be involved in ADHD-related behavior. Hence, from a Gene × Environment perspective, the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR may play a moderating role. In two large community samples, the moderating role of 5-HTTLPR was examined related to more hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms (HI symptoms) predicted by more peer problems. In Study 1, involving 642 Norwegian children, results indicated that for s-allele carriers only, caregiver-reported peer problems at age 4 predicted more parent-reported HI symptoms at age 6. In Study 2, similar results emerged involving 482 American children. Discussion focuses on differential sensitivity to the adverse effects of poor peer relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Li
- University of California, Davis
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44
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Riskind JH, Sica C, Bottesi G, Ghisi M, Kashdan TB. Cognitive vulnerabilities in parents as a potential risk factor for anxiety symptoms in young adult offspring: An exploration of looming cognitive style. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2017; 54:229-238. [PMID: 27614663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Given that anxiety runs in families, it is critical to understand the cognitive factors that may be responsible for this intergenerational transmission. The present study offers a first step by exploring the link between mother and father tendencies to view potentially threatening situations as rapidly escalating toward dreaded outcomes (i.e., looming cognitive style) and the emotional disturbances and looming cognitive styles of their adult offspring. METHODS We assessed cognitive vulnerabilities, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample (N = 382) of Italian college students and their parents. RESULTS The looming cognitive style of fathers, but not mothers, was significantly related to greater anxiety in adult offspring. This finding was obtained for both sons and daughters, and remained even after statistically controlling for the anxiety, worry, depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity (AS) of parents). Notably, the association between fathers' looming cognitive style and offspring symptoms was not related to their child's depressive symptoms, and similar to prior work, served as a cognitive marker specific to anxiety. LIMITATIONS The present study relied on a cross-sectional design and did not use clients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that it may prove fruitful to consider parental vulnerabilities such as looming cognitive styles in comprehensive cognitive and interpersonal models of anxiety. The intergenerational transmission of emotional difficulties seems to extend beyond anxiety to beliefs about the escalation of threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Riskind
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Claudio Sica
- Department of Human Health Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Todd B Kashdan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Ancelin ML, Scali J, Norton J, Ritchie K, Dupuy AM, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. Heterogeneity in HPA axis dysregulation and serotonergic vulnerability to depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 77:90-94. [PMID: 28024274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Variability in the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene can influence the risk of depression associated with adversity, as well as cortisol stress reactivity, although not consistently. No study has examined the impact of both a stressful environment and corticotropic-axis dysfunction on depression, as a function of 5-HTTLPR. This population-based study included 334 subjects aged 65 and older. Depression was measured at both diagnostic (major depression according to DSM-IV) and symptomatic (subthreshold depression) levels of caseness, in addition to 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 genotyping and diurnal cortisol measures. For participants with the SS genotype, higher morning cortisol levels were associated with a 4-fold increased risk of depression. Among LL participants, both evening cortisol levels and recent stressful events increased depression risk, although only the latter remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Conversely, SL individuals appeared somewhat resilient to depression in terms of cortisol and recent stress. These findings indicate that 5-HTTLPR genetic variability appears to influence the association between stress-related factors and late-life depression, although the gene-environment interactions failed to reach statistical significance levels. Participants homozygous for the short allele appeared to have a cortisol-related neuroendocrine vulnerability to depression, while long allele homozygotes were more reactive to stressful events in terms of depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Norton
- Inserm, U1061, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Disease Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia
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46
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Halldorsdottir T, Binder EB. Gene × Environment Interactions: From Molecular Mechanisms to Behavior. Annu Rev Psychol 2017; 68:215-241. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Leighton C, Botto A, Silva JR, Jiménez JP, Luyten P. Vulnerability or Sensitivity to the Environment? Methodological Issues, Trends, and Recommendations in Gene-Environment Interactions Research in Human Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:106. [PMID: 28674505 PMCID: PMC5475387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the potential role of gene-environment interactions (GxE) in explaining vulnerability to psychopathology in humans has witnessed a shift from a diathesis-stress perspective to differential susceptibility approaches. This paper critically reviews methodological issues and trends in this body of research. Databases were screened for studies of GxE in the prediction of personality traits, behavior, and mental health disorders in humans published between January 2002 and January 2015. In total, 315 papers were included. Results showed that 34 candidate genes have been included in GxE studies. Independent of the type of environment studied (early or recent life events, positive or negative environments), about 67-83% of studies have reported significant GxE interactions, which is consistent with a social susceptibility model. The percentage of positive results does not seem to differ depending on the gene studied, although publication bias might be involved. However, the number of positive findings differs depending on the population studied (i.e., young adults vs. older adults). Methodological considerations limit the ability to draw strong conclusions, particularly as almost 90% (n = 283/315) of published papers are based on samples from North America and Europe, and about 70% of published studies (219/315) are based on samples that were also used in other reports. At the same time, there are clear indications of methodological improvements over time, as is shown by a significant increase in longitudinal and experimental studies as well as in improved minimum genotyping. Recommendations for future research, such as minimum quality assessment of genes and environmental factors, specifying theoretical models guiding the study, and taking into account of cultural, ethnic, and lifetime perspectives, are formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leighton
- Departamento de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental Oriente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality - MIDAP, Ministry of Economy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Botto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental Oriente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality - MIDAP, Ministry of Economy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime R Silva
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality - MIDAP, Ministry of Economy, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional (CARE), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Jiménez
- Departamento de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental Oriente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality - MIDAP, Ministry of Economy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality - MIDAP, Ministry of Economy, Santiago, Chile.,Clinical Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Rozenblat V, Ong D, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Akkermann K, Collier D, Engels RCME, Fernandez-Aranda F, Harro J, Homberg JR, Karwautz A, Kiive E, Klump KL, Larson CL, Racine SE, Richardson J, Steiger H, Stoltenberg SF, van Strien T, Wagner G, Treasure J, Krug I. A systematic review and secondary data analysis of the interactions between the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and environmental and psychological factors in eating disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 84:62-72. [PMID: 27701012 PMCID: PMC5125869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize and synthesize the growing gene x environment (GxE) research investigating the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) in the eating disorders (ED) field, and overcome the common limitation of low sample size, by undertaking a systematic review followed by a secondary data meta-analysis of studies identified by the review. METHOD A systematic review of articles using PsycINFO, PubMed, and EMBASE was undertaken to identify studies investigating the interaction between 5-HTTLPR and an environmental or psychological factor, with an ED-related outcome variable. Seven studies were identified by the systematic review, with complete data sets of five community (n = 1750, 64.5% female) and two clinical (n = 426, 100% female) samples combined to perform four secondary-data analyses: 5-HTTLPR x Traumatic Life Events to predict ED status (n = 909), 5-HTTLPR x Sexual and Physical Abuse to predict bulimic symptoms (n = 1097), 5-HTTLPR x Depression to predict bulimic symptoms (n = 1256), and 5-HTTLPR x Impulsiveness to predict disordered eating (n = 1149). RESULTS Under a multiplicative model, the low function (s) allele of 5-HTTLPR interacted with traumatic life events and experiencing both sexual and physical abuse (but not only one) to predict increased likelihood of an ED and bulimic symptoms, respectively. However, under an additive model there was also an interaction between sexual and physical abuse considered independently and 5-HTTLPR, and no interaction with traumatic life events. No other GxE interactions were significant. CONCLUSION Early promising results should be followed-up with continued cross-institutional collaboration in order to achieve the large sample sizes necessary for genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Rozenblat
- Department of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Deborah Ong
- Department of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | | | - Kirsti Akkermann
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - David Collier
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08907, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Kiive
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, United States
| | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah E Racine
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, United States
| | - Jodie Richardson
- Eating Disorders Continuum, Douglas Institute, Montreal, Canada; Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Howard Steiger
- Eating Disorders Continuum, Douglas Institute, Montreal, Canada; Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Scott F Stoltenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Tatjana van Strien
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet Treasure
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Krug
- Department of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Genetic Loci and Novel Discrimination Measures Associated with Blood Pressure Variation in African Americans Living in Tallahassee. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167700. [PMID: 28002425 PMCID: PMC5176163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of the human genome and decades of genetic association and linkage studies have dramatically improved our understanding of the etiology of many diseases. However, the multiple causes of complex diseases are still not well understood, in part because genetic and sociocultural risk factors are not typically investigated concurrently. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and afflicts more African Americans than any other racially defined group in the US. Few genetic loci for hypertension have been replicated across populations, which may reflect population-specific differences in genetic variants and/or inattention to relevant sociocultural factors. Discrimination is a salient sociocultural risk factor for poor health and has been associated with hypertension. Here we use a biocultural approach to study blood pressure (BP) variation in African Americans living in Tallahassee, Florida by genotyping over 30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and capturing experiences of discrimination using novel measures of unfair treatment of self and others (n = 157). We perform a joint admixture and genetic association analysis for BP that prioritizes regions of the genome with African ancestry. We only report significant SNPs that were confirmed through our simulation analyses, which were performed to determine the false positive rate. We identify eight significant SNPs in five genes that were previously associated with cardiovascular diseases. When we include measures of unfair treatment and test for interactions between SNPs and unfair treatment, we identify a new class of genes involved in multiple phenotypes including psychosocial distress and mood disorders. Our results suggest that inclusion of culturally relevant stress measures, like unfair treatment in African Americans, may reveal new genes and biological pathways relevant to the etiology of hypertension, and may also improve our understanding of the complexity of gene-environment interactions that underlie complex diseases.
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50
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Duo HH, Xu JQ, Liu YL, Jin ZH, Hu XB, Huang WH. Construction of visible light-induced renewable electrode for monitoring of living cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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