1
|
Allen SJ, Morishita H. Local and long-range input balance: A framework for investigating frontal cognitive circuit maturation in health and disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh3920. [PMID: 39292771 PMCID: PMC11409946 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Frontal cortical circuits undergo prolonged maturation across childhood and adolescence; however, it remains unknown what specific changes are occurring at the circuit level to establish adult cognitive function. With the recent advent of circuit dissection techniques, it is now feasible to examine circuit-specific changes in connectivity, activity, and function in animal models. Here, we propose that the balance of local and long-range inputs onto frontal cognitive circuits is an understudied metric of circuit maturation. This review highlights research on a frontal-sensory attention circuit that undergoes refinement of local/long-range connectivity, regulated by circuit activity and neuromodulatory signaling, and evaluates how this process may occur generally in the frontal cortex to support adult cognitive behavior. Notably, this balance can be bidirectionally disrupted through various mechanisms relevant to psychiatric disorders. Pharmacological or environmental interventions to normalize or reset the local and long-range balance could hold great therapeutic promise to prevent or rescue cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Allen
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mimura Y, Tobari Y, Nakajima S, Takano M, Wada M, Honda S, Bun S, Tabuchi H, Ito D, Matsui M, Uchida H, Mimura M, Noda Y. Decreased short-latency afferent inhibition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A TMS-EEG study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110967. [PMID: 38354899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
TMS combined with EEG (TMS-EEG) is a tool to characterize the neurophysiological dynamics of the cortex. Among the TMS paradigms, short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) allows the investigation of inhibitory effects mediated by the cholinergic system. The aim of this study was to compare cholinergic function in the DLPFC between individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls (HC) using TMS-EEG with the SAI paradigm. In this study, 30 MCI and 30 HC subjects were included. The SAI paradigm consisted of 80 single pulse TMS and 80 SAI stimulations applied to the left DLPFC. N100 components, global mean field power (GMFP) and total power were calculated. As a result, individuals with MCI showed reduced inhibitory effects on N100 components and GMFP at approximately 100 ms post-stimulation and on β-band activity at 200 ms post-stimulation compared to HC. Individuals with MCI showed reduced SAI, suggesting impaired cholinergic function in the DLPFC compared to the HC group. We conclude that these findings underscore the clinical applicability of the TMS-EEG method as a powerful tool for assessing cholinergic function in individuals with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Tobari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Takano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogyoku Bun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tabuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Physiology/Memory Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mie Matsui
- Laboratory of Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sallie SN, Sonkusare S, Mandali A, Casero V, Cui H, Guzman NV, Allison M, Voon V. Cortical paired associative stimulation shows impaired plasticity of inhibition networks as a function of chronic alcohol use. Psychol Med 2024; 54:698-709. [PMID: 37712403 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition - or the ability to withhold a suboptimal response - relies on the efficacy of fronto-striatal networks, and is impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction. Cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS) is a form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which can strengthen neuronal connections via spike-timing-dependent plasticity mechanisms. Here, we used cPAS targeting the fronto-striatal inhibitory network to modulate performance on a response inhibition measure in chronic alcohol use. METHODS Fifty-five participants (20 patients with a formal alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis (26-74 years, 6[30%] females) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) (27-73 years, 6[30%] females) within a larger sample of 35 HCs (23-84 years, 11[31.4%] females) underwent two randomized sessions of cPAS 1-week apart: right inferior frontal cortex stimulation preceding right presupplementary motor area stimulation by either 4 ms (excitation condition) or 100 ms (control condition), and were subsequently administered the Stop Signal Task (SST) in both sessions. RESULTS HCs showed decreased stop signal reaction time in the excitation condition (t(19) = -3.01, p = 0.007, [CIs]:-35.6 to -6.42); this facilitatory effect was not observed for AUD (F(1,31) = 9.57, p = 0.004, CIs: -68.64 to -14.11). Individually, rates of SST improvement were substantially higher for healthy (72%) relative to AUD (13.6%) groups (OR: 2.33, p = 0.006, CIs:-3.34 to -0.55). CONCLUSION In line with previous findings, cPAS improved response inhibition in healthy adults by strengthening the fronto-striatal network through putative long-term potentiation-like plasticity mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified a possible marker of impaired cortical excitability, and, thus, diminished capacity for cPAS-induced neuroplasticity in AUD with direct implications to a disorder-relevant cognitive process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Sallie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Saurabh Sonkusare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13TH, UK
| | - Violeta Casero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hailun Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Natalie V Guzman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valdes O, Inzulza S, Collao N, Garcia-Vicencio S, Tufano JJ, Earp J, Venegas M, Peñailillo L. Eccentric Cycling Is an Alternative to Nordic Hamstring Exercise to Increase the Neuromuscular Function of Knee Flexors in Untrained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2158-2166. [PMID: 37883395 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Valdes, O, Inzulza, S, Collao, N, Garcia-Vicencio, S, Tufano, JJ, Earp, J, Venegas, M, and Peñailillo, L. Eccentric cycling is an alternative to Nordic hamstring exercise to increase the neuromuscular function of knee flexors in untrained men. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2158-2166, 2023-Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has been proposed to reduce knee flexor (KF) injuries. However, submaximal alternatives to NHE are necessary for the clinical or weaker population. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Nordic hamstring training (NHT) and eccentric cycling (ECC) training on the neuromuscular function of the KF. Twenty healthy men (27.7 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned into 2 groups that performed 10 training sessions (2-3 sessions·week-1) of either NHT (n = 10) or ECC (n = 10). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the KF and knee extensor (KE) muscles (MVICKF and MVICKE) was measured, and the hamstring/quadriceps strength (H/Q) ratio was calculated. Furthermore, changes in NHE maximum reaction force (NHE-MRFKF), NHE break-point angle (NHE-BPA), and muscle activity of the semitendinosus (STEMG) and biceps femoris (BFEMG) during the NHE after the interventions were compared. Although no group × time effects were observed (p = 0.09-0.70), but time effects were found for all variables. Pairwise comparisons revealed that MVICKF (+16.9%; p = 0.02), H/Q ratio (+11.8%; p = 0.01), NHE-MRFKF (+19.8%; p = 0.005), and NHE-BPA (+30.8%; p = 0.001) increased after ECC, whereas NHE-MRFKF (+9.7%; p = 0.003), NHE-BPA (+35.5%; p = 0.0002), and STEMG (+33.7%; p = 0.02) increased after NHT. A group × time effect was observed (p = 0.003) in BFEMG, revealing an increase only after ECC (+41.1%; p < 0.0001). Similar neuromuscular adaptations were found after both training modalities. Therefore, ECC provides similar adaptations as NHT and may serve as an alternative form of KF training for those unable to perform NHE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Valdes
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sixto Inzulza
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastián Garcia-Vicencio
- Human Motion Analysis, Humanfab, Aix-en-Provence, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob Earp
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de La Educación, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Venegas
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de La Educación, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Honarvar F, Arfaie S, Edalati H, Ghasroddashti A, Solgi A, Mashayekhi MS, Mofatteh M, Ren LY, Kwan ATH, Keramatian K. Neuroanatomical predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:455-471. [PMID: 37553844 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to systematically review the literature on neuroanatomical predictors of future problematic drinking in adolescents. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate neuroanatomical predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in adolescents. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 6 January 2023. Studies were included if they were original, had a prospective design, had a sample size of at least 12, had a follow-up period of at least 1 year, had at least one structural neuroimaging scan before 18 with no prior alcohol use, and had alcohol use as the primary outcome. Studies were excluded if they had animals only and were not in English. Risk of bias was conducted using the CASP tool. RESULTS Out of 1412 studies identified, 19 studies met the criteria, consisting of 11 gray matter (n = 4040), 5 white matter (n = 319), and 3 assessing both (n = 3608). Neuroanatomical predictors of future problematic drinking in adolescents were reported to be distributed across various brain regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and paralimbic regions. However, the findings were largely heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review to map out the existing literature on neuroanatomical predictors of problematic drinking in adolescents. Future research should focus on the aforementioned regions to determine their role in predicting future problematic drinking with more certainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Honarvar
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 80 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Saman Arfaie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Irving Ludmer Building1033 Pine Avenue West, room 310, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montréal, Québec H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Weill Hall, #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Hanie Edalati
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Université de Montréal, 10905 Boulevard Henri-Bourassa E, Montreal, Québec, H1C 1H1, Canada
- Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Room 155, Suite 100, Tour Est550 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Québec H3A 1B9, Canada
| | - Arashk Ghasroddashti
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 80 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Arad Solgi
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Norman Bethune CollegeRoom 3414700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Yuxi Ren
- Lane Medical Library and Knowledge Management Center, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Rd #2044, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kamyar Keramatian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blood Vessels as a Key Mediator for Ethanol Toxicity: Implication for Neuronal Damage. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111882. [PMID: 36431016 PMCID: PMC9696276 DOI: 10.3390/life12111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive intake of ethanol is associated with severe brain dysfunction, and the subsequent neurological and behavioral abnormalities are well-established social risks. Many research studies have addressed how ethanol induces neurological toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms with which ethanol induces neurological toxicity are still obscure, perhaps due to the variety and complexity of these mechanisms. Epithelial cells are in direct contact with blood and can thus mediate ethanol neurotoxicity. Ethanol activates the endothelial cells of blood vessels, as well as lymphatic vessels, in a concentration-dependent manner. Among various signaling mediators, nitric oxide plays important roles in response to ethanol. Endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) are upregulated and activated by ethanol and enhance neuroinflammation. On the other hand, angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling are both affected by ethanol intake, altering blood supply and releasing angiocrine factors to regulate neuronal functions. Thus, ethanol directly acts on endothelial cells, yet the molecular target(s) on endothelial cells remain unknown. Previous studies on neurons and glial cells have validated the potential contribution of membrane lipids and some specific proteins as ethanol targets, which may also be the case in endothelial cells. Future studies, based on current knowledge, will allow for a greater understanding of the contribution and underlying mechanisms of endothelial cells in ethanol-induced neurological toxicity, protecting neurological health against ethanol toxicity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Izadi Laybidi M, Rasoulzadeh Y, Dianat I, Samavati M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Nazari MA. Cognitive performance and electroencephalographic variations in air traffic controllers under various mental workload and time of day. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113842. [PMID: 35561808 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental workload (MWL) and time of day on cognitive performance and electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters of air traffic controllers. EEG signals recorded while 20 professional air traffic controllers performed cognitive tasks [A-X Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT) and 3-back working memory task] after they were exposed to two levels of task difficulty (high and low MWL) in the morning and afternoon. Significant decreases in cognitive performance were found when the levels of task difficulty increased in both tasks. The results confirmed the sensitivity of the theta and beta activities to levels of task difficulty in the 3-back task, while they were not affected in the AX-CPT. Theta and beta activities were influenced by time of day in the AX-CPT. The findings provide guidance for application of changes in EEG parameters when MWL level is manipulated during the day that could be implemented in future for the development of real-time monitoring systems to improve aviation safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Izadi Laybidi
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yahya Rasoulzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Samavati
- Research Center for Biomedical Technologies & Robotics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Center for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rostami M, Zomorrodi R, Rostami R, Hosseinzadeh GA. Impact of methodological variability on EEG responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 142:154-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.07.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Redondo-Camós M, Cattaneo G, Perellón-Alfonso R, Alviarez-Schulze V, Morris TP, Solana-Sanchez J, España-Irla G, Delgado-Gallén S, Pachón-García C, Albu S, Zetterberg H, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartres-Faz D. Local Prefrontal Cortex TMS-Induced Reactivity Is Related to Working Memory and Reasoning in Middle-Aged Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:813444. [PMID: 35222201 PMCID: PMC8866698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.813444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in cognition, particularly in executive functions. Cortical reactivity measured with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation combined with Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is altered in pathological conditions, and it may also be a marker of cognitive status in middle-aged adults. In this study, we investigated the associations between cognitive measures and TMS evoked EEG reactivity and explored whether the effects of this relationship were related to neurofilament light chain levels (NfL), a marker of neuroaxonal damage. Methods Fifty two healthy middle-aged adults (41–65 years) from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative cohort underwent TMS-EEG, a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and a blood test for NfL levels. Global and Local Mean-Field Power (GMFP/LMFP), two measures of cortical reactivity, were quantified after left prefrontal cortex (L-PFC) stimulation, and cognition was set as the outcome of the regression analysis. The left inferior parietal lobe (L-IPL) was used as a control stimulation condition. Results Local reactivity was significantly associated with working memory and reasoning only after L-PFC stimulation. No associations were found between NfL and cognition. These specific associations were independent of the status of neuroaxonal damage indexed by the NfL biomarker and remained after adjusting for age, biological sex, and education. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that TMS evoked EEG reactivity at the L-PFC, but not the L-IPL, is related to the cognitive status of middle-aged individuals and independent of NfL levels, and may become a valuable biomarker of frontal lobe-associated cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Redondo-Camós
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Perellón-Alfonso
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Timothy P Morris
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Javier Solana-Sanchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goretti España-Irla
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selma Delgado-Gallén
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Pachón-García
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergiu Albu
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Josep M Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamed R, Mizrachi L, Granovsky Y, Issachar G, Yuval-Greenberg S, Bar-Shalita T. Neurofeedback Therapy for Sensory Over-Responsiveness-A Feasibility Study. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051845. [PMID: 35270991 PMCID: PMC8914621 DOI: 10.3390/s22051845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Difficulty in modulating multisensory input, specifically the sensory over-responsive (SOR) type, is linked to pain hypersensitivity and anxiety, impacting daily function and quality of life in children and adults. Reduced cortical activity recorded under resting state has been reported, suggestive of neuromodulation as a potential therapeutic modality. This feasibility study aimed to explore neurofeedback intervention in SOR. Methods: Healthy women with SOR (n = 10) underwent an experimental feasibility study comprising four measurement time points (T1—baseline; T2—preintervention; T3—postintervention; T4—follow-up). Outcome measures included resting-state EEG recording, in addition to behavioral assessments of life satisfaction, attaining functional goals, pain sensitivity, and anxiety. Intervention targeted the upregulation of alpha oscillatory power over ten sessions. Results: No changes were detected in all measures between T1 and T2. Exploring the changes in brain activity between T2 and T4 revealed power enhancement in delta, theta, beta, and gamma oscillatory bands, detected in the frontal region (p = 0.03−<0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.637−1.126) but not in alpha oscillations. Furthermore, a large effect was found in enhancing life satisfaction and goal attainment (Cohen’s d = 1.18; 1.04, respectively), and reduced pain sensitivity and anxiety trait (Cohen’s d = 0.70). Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating the feasibility of neurofeedback intervention in SOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Hamed
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (R.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Limor Mizrachi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (R.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Yelena Granovsky
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Gil Issachar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tami Bar-Shalita
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (R.H.); (L.M.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-525437631
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruas CV, Latella C, Taylor JL, Haff GG, Nosaka K. Early Detection of Prolonged Decreases in Maximal Voluntary Contraction Force after Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:267-279. [PMID: 35029591 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether the magnitude of muscle damage indicated by changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength 1 to 3 d after unaccustomed eccentric exercise (ECC) was correlated with changes in central and peripheral neuromuscular parameters immediately post-ECC. METHODS Twenty participants (19-36 yr) performed six sets of eight eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Rate of force development (RFD) during knee extensor MVIC, twitch force, rate of force development (RFDRT) and rate of relaxation (RRRT) of the resting twitch, maximal M-wave (MMAX), voluntary activation, silent period duration, motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and short-interval intracortical inhibition were assessed before, immediately after, and 1 to 3 d post-ECC. Relationships between changes in these variables immediately post-ECC and changes in MVIC strength at 1 to 3 d post-ECC were examined by Pearson product-moment (r) or Spearman correlations. RESULTS Maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength decreased (-22.2% ± 18.4%) immediately postexercise, and remained below baseline at 1 (-16.3% ± 15.2%), 2 (-14.7% ± 13.2%) and 3 d post-ECC (-8.6% ± 15.7%). Immediately post-ECC, RFD (0-30-ms: -38.3% ± 31.4%), twitch force (-45.9% ± 22.4%), RFDRT (-32.5% ± 40.7%), RRRT (-38.0% ± 39.7%), voluntary activation (-21.4% ± 16.5%) and MEP/MMAX at rest (-42.5% ± 23.3%) also decreased, whereas the silent period duration at 10%-MVIC increased by 26.0% ± 12.2% (P < 0.05). Decreases in RFD at 0 to 30 ms, 0 to 50 ms, and 0 to 100 ms immediately post-ECC were correlated (P < 0.05) with changes in MVIC strength at 1 d (r = 0.56-0.60) and 2 d post-ECC (r = 0.53-0.63). Changes in MEP/MMAX at 10%-MVIC immediately post-ECC were correlated with changes in MVIC strength at 1 d (r = -0.53) and 2 d (r = -0.54) post-ECC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of decrease in MVIC strength at 1 to 3 d after ECC was associated with the magnitude of changes in RFD and MEP/MMAX immediately post-ECC. However, based on individual data, these markers were not sensitive for the practical detection of muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feltman KA, Bernhardt KA, Kelley AM. Measuring the Domain Specificity of Workload Using EEG: Auditory and Visual Domains in Rotary-Wing Simulated Flight. HUMAN FACTORS 2021; 63:1271-1283. [PMID: 32501721 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820928626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overarching objective was to evaluate whether workload sensory-domain specificity could be identified through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during simulated rotary-wing operations. BACKGROUND Rotary-wing aviators experience workload from different sensory domains, although predominantly through auditory and visual domains. Development of real-time monitoring tools using psychophysiological indices, such as EEG recordings, could enable identification of aviator overload in real time. METHOD Two studies were completed, both of which recorded EEG, task performance, and self-report data. In Study 1, 16 individuals completed a basic auditory and a basic visual laboratory task where workload was manipulated. In Study 2, 23 Army aviators completed simulated aviation flights where workload was manipulated within auditory and visual sensory domains. RESULTS Results from Study 1 found differences in frontal alpha activity during the auditory task, and that alpha and beta activities were associated with perceived workload. Frontal theta activity was found to differ during the visual task while frontal alpha was associated with perceived workload. Study 2 found support for frontal beta activity and the ratio of beta to alpha + theta to differentiate level of workload within the auditory domain. CONCLUSION There is likely a role of frontal alpha and beta activities in response to workload manipulations within the auditory domain; however, this role becomes more equivocal when examined in a multifaceted flight scenario. APPLICATION Results from this study provide a basis for understanding changes in EEG activity when workload is manipulated in sensory domains that can be used in furthering the development of real-time monitoring tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Feltman
- 33601 United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, USA
| | - Kyle A Bernhardt
- 33601 United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, TN, USA
| | - Amanda M Kelley
- 33601 United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Varone G, Hussain Z, Sheikh Z, Howard A, Boulila W, Mahmud M, Howard N, Morabito FC, Hussain A. Real-Time Artifacts Reduction during TMS-EEG Co-Registration: A Comprehensive Review on Technologies and Procedures. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020637. [PMID: 33477526 PMCID: PMC7831109 DOI: 10.3390/s21020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites neurons in the cortex, and neural activity can be simultaneously recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). However, TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) do not only reflect transcranial neural stimulation as they can be contaminated by artifacts. Over the last two decades, significant developments in EEG amplifiers, TMS-compatible technology, customized hardware and open source software have enabled researchers to develop approaches which can substantially reduce TMS-induced artifacts. In TMS-EEG experiments, various physiological and external occurrences have been identified and attempts have been made to minimize or remove them using online techniques. Despite these advances, technological issues and methodological constraints prevent straightforward recordings of early TEPs components. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review on both TMS-EEG artifacts and EEG technologies in the literature to-date. Our survey aims to provide an overview of research studies in this field over the last 40 years. We review TMS-EEG artifacts, their sources and their waveforms and present the state-of-the-art in EEG technologies and front-end characteristics. We also propose a synchronization toolbox for TMS-EEG laboratories. We then review subject preparation frameworks and online artifacts reduction maneuvers for improving data acquisition and conclude by outlining open challenges and future research directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Varone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Greacia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Zain Hussain
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (Z.H.); (Z.S.)
- Howard Brain Sciences Foundation, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Zakariya Sheikh
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (Z.H.); (Z.S.)
| | - Adam Howard
- Howard Brain Sciences Foundation, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Wadii Boulila
- RIADI Laboratory, National School of Computer Sciences, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia;
- IS Department, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mufti Mahmud
- Department of Computer Science and Medical Technology Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Newton Howard
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | | | - Amir Hussain
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun G, Qi X, Wang W, Li X, Luo C, Bai S, Xu S, Zhong X, Huang C, Zhu X, Huang Z. High Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Increases GABRB3 Expression in Alcohol Exposure. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1725-1732. [PMID: 34103917 PMCID: PMC8179828 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s306242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatal neurotransmitter homeostasis is affected by alcohol dependence. In this study, the microarray dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. The prefrontal and striatum data were cross-analyzed to reveal the co-effects of alcohol dependence on the two brain regions of mice. METHODS The GSE123114 microarray profile was downloaded from the GEO database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were acquired by GEO2R. KEGG analyses were performed to identify the pivotal pathways of these DEGs. Key differential gene expressions and their mechanism associated with alcohol exposure were investigated by an intraperitoneal alcohol model. RESULTS A total of 13 overlapping DEGs from the PFC and striatal datasets of the GSE123114 microarray profile were identified, and they were significantly enriched in the morphine addiction pathway. The transcript levels and protein expression of Gabrb3 were consistent with the microarray data both in the PFC and striatum. The transcript levels of HMGB1, TLR4, TNFα and IL-1β were upregulated in the PFC and striatum of mice in the alcohol group. The HMGB1 inhibitor decreased Gabrb3 transcript and protein levels as well as TNFα and IL-1β transcript levels both in the PFC and striatum in the intraperitoneal alcohol model mice. DISCUSSION Through the reanalysis of GSE123114 microarray profile, we found that Gabrb3 is a key gene associated with alcohol exposure. In further experiments, our findings suggest that alcohol exposure modulates Gabrb3 expression through the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway. Moreover, inflammation-associated factors, such as IL-1β and TNFα, may be related to the HMGB1/TLR4-mediated regulation of GABRB3 expression in alcohol exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kinjo M, Wada M, Nakajima S, Tsugawa S, Nakahara T, Blumberger DM, Mimura M, Noda Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation neurophysiology of patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1-10. [PMID: 33267920 PMCID: PMC7856413 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness with high socio-economic burden, but its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Recently, the cortical excitatory and inhibitory imbalance hypothesis and neuroplasticity hypothesis have been proposed for MDD. Although several studies have examined the neurophysiological profiles in MDD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a meta-analysis of TMS neurophysiology has not been performed. The objective of this study was to compare TMS-electromyogram (TMS-EMG) findings between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). To this end, we examined whether patients with MDD have lower short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) which reflects gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor-mediated activity, lower cortical silent period (CSP) which represents GABAB receptor-mediated activity, higher intracortical facilitation (ICF) which reflects glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated activity, and the lower result of paired associative stimulation (PAS) paradigm which shows the level of neuroplasticity in comparison with HC. Further, we explored the effect of clinical and demographic factors that may influence TMS neurophysiological indices. We first searched and identified research articles that conducted single- or paired-pulse TMS-EMG on patients with MDD and HC. Subsequently, we extracted the data from the included studies and meta-analyzed the data with the comprehensive meta-analysis software. Patients with MDD were associated with lower SICI, lower CSP, potentially higher ICF, and lower PAS compared with HC. Our results confirmed the proposed hypotheses, suggesting the usefulness of TMS neurophysiology as potential diagnostic markers of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kinjo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakahara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dysregulated brain salience within a triple network model in high trait anxiety individuals: A pilot EEG functional connectivity study. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 157:61-69. [PMID: 32976888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have reported the association between large-scale brain networks alterations and pathological anxiety, abnormalities in the dynamic interaction among the triple network model in anxiety disorders and, especially, in trait anxiety is still poorly explored. Thus, the main aim of the current study was to investigate triple network functional dynamics in subjects with high trait anxiety during resting state (RS) through electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity. Twenty-three individuals with high-trait-anxiety (HTA) and forty-five participants with low-trait-anxiety (LTA) were enrolled. EEG analyses were conducted by means of the exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography software (eLORETA). Compared to LTA participants, HTA subjects showed a decrease of alpha connectivity within the salience network (SN), between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and both left and right anterior insula (AI). Furthermore, SN functional connectivity strength was negatively correlated with higher trait anxiety, even when controlling for potential confounding variables (e.g., depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms). Taken together, our results point out a specific functional connectivity pattern in HTA individuals, which consists in a dysfunctional communication within the SN, specifically in the AI-dACC pathway. This functional pattern could underline, at rest, saliency detection and brain correlates of altereted emotion regulation and cognitive control processes typically involved in anxiety.
Collapse
|
17
|
Noda Y. Toward the establishment of neurophysiological indicators for neuropsychiatric disorders using transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials: A systematic review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:12-34. [PMID: 31587446 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can depolarize the neurons directly under the coil when applied to the cerebral cortex, and modulate the neural circuit associated with the stimulation site, which makes it possible to measure the neurophysiological index to evaluate excitability and inhibitory functions. Concurrent TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has been developed to assess the neurophysiological characteristics of cortical regions other than the motor cortical region noninvasively. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss TMS-EEG research in the healthy brain focused on excitability, inhibition, and plasticity following neuromodulatory TMS paradigms from a neurophysiological perspective. A search was conducted in PubMed to identify articles that examined humans and that were written in English and published by September 2018. The search terms were as follows: (TMS OR 'transcranial magnetic stimulation') AND (EEG OR electroencephalog*) NOT (rTMS OR 'repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation' OR TBS OR 'theta burst stimulation') AND (healthy). The study presents an overview of TMS-EEG methodology and neurophysiological indices and reviews previous findings from TMS-EEG in healthy individuals. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential application of TMS-EEG neurophysiology in the clinical setting to study healthy and diseased brain conditions in the future. Combined TMS-EEG is a powerful tool to probe and map neural circuits in the human brain noninvasively and represents a promising approach for determining the underlying pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noda
- Multidisciplinary Translational Research Lab, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Magalhães SC, Queiroz de Paiva JP, Kaelin-Lang A, Sterr A, Eckeli AL, Winkler AM, Fernandes do Prado G, Amaro E, Conforto AB. Short-interval intracortical inhibition is decreased in restless legs syndrome across a range of severity. Sleep Med 2019; 62:34-42. [PMID: 31539846 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex was described in subjects with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED). It remained to be determined whether the magnitude of SICI decrease would be similar across levels of RLS/WED severity. Moreover, it was unknown whether, in addition to decreases in SICI, changes in cortical thickness or area could be detected in subjects with RLS/WED compared to controls. The objective of this study was to compare SICI, cortical thickness, and cortical area in subjects with idiopathic mild to moderate RLS/WED, severe to very severe RLS/WED, and controls. METHODS The severity of RLS/WED was assessed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Scale (IRLSS). SICI and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of subjects with RLS/WED and controls were compared. A receiver operating characteristic curve for SICI was designed for discrimination of participants with RLS/WED from controls. Cortical thickness and area were assessed by automated surface-based analysis. RESULTS SICI was significantly reduced in patients with mild to moderate and severe to very severe RLS/WED, compared to controls (one-way analysis of variance: F = 9.62, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis predicted RLS/WED when SICI was above 35% (area under the curve = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.91, p < 0.001). Analyses of the whole brain and of regions of interest did not reveal differences in gray matter thickness or area between controls and subjects with RLS/WED. CONCLUSION SICI is an accurate cortical biomarker that can support the diagnosis of RLS/WED even in subjects with mild symptoms, but cortical thickness and area were not useful for discriminating subjects with this condition from controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Câmara Magalhães
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza, Unifor, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Annette Sterr
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Alan Luiz Eckeli
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Divisão de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP-Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Amaro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bastos Conforto
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tremblay S, Rogasch NC, Premoli I, Blumberger DM, Casarotto S, Chen R, Di Lazzaro V, Farzan F, Ferrarelli F, Fitzgerald PB, Hui J, Ilmoniemi RJ, Kimiskidis VK, Kugiumtzis D, Lioumis P, Pascual-Leone A, Pellicciari MC, Rajji T, Thut G, Zomorrodi R, Ziemann U, Daskalakis ZJ. Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:802-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
20
|
Darmani G, Bergmann TO, Zipser C, Baur D, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Ziemann U. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on cortical excitability in humans: A TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1276-1289. [PMID: 30549127 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) are emergent noninvasive markers of neuronal excitability and effective connectivity in humans. However, the underlying physiology of these TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) is still heavily underexplored, impeding a broad application of TEPs to study pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we tested the effects of a single oral dose of three antiepileptic drugs with specific modes of action (carbamazepine, a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker; brivaracetam, a ligand to the presynaptic vesicle protein VSA2; tiagabine, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake inhibitor) on TEP amplitudes in 15 healthy adults in a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled crossover design. We found that carbamazepine decreased the P25 and P180 TEP components, and brivaracetam the N100 amplitude in the nonstimulated hemisphere, while tiagabine had no effect. Findings corroborate the view that the P25 represents axonal excitability of the corticospinal system, the N100 in the nonstimulated hemisphere propagated activity suppressed by inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and the P180 late activity particularly sensitive to VGSC blockade. Pharmaco-physiological characterization of TEPs will facilitate utilization of TMS-EEG in neuropsychiatric disorders with altered excitability and/or network connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Darmani
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Til O Bergmann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carl Zipser
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Baur
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Dahlhaus
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Role of glutamatergic system and mesocorticolimbic circuits in alcohol dependence. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:32-49. [PMID: 30316901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that alcohol dependence is associated with dysregulation of several neurotransmitters. Alterations in dopamine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release are linked to chronic alcohol exposure. The effects of alcohol on the glutamatergic system in the mesocorticolimbic areas have been investigated extensively. Several studies have demonstrated dysregulation in the glutamatergic systems in animal models exposed to alcohol. Alcohol exposure can lead to an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. In addition, alcohol exposure affects the expression and functions of several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in these brain regions. In this review, we discussed the effects of alcohol exposure on glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters and glutamate homeostasis in each area of the mesocorticolimbic system. In addition, we discussed the genetic aspect of alcohol associated with glutamate and reward circuitry. We also discussed the potential therapeutic role of glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in each brain region for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Finally, we provided some limitations on targeting the glutamatergic system for potential therapeutic options for the treatment alcohol use disorders.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chan HL, Kuo PC, Cheng CY, Chen YS. Challenges and Future Perspectives on Electroencephalogram-Based Biometrics in Person Recognition. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:66. [PMID: 30356770 PMCID: PMC6189450 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the digital world has greatly increased the number of accounts and passwords that users must remember. It has also increased the need for secure access to personal information in the cloud. Biometrics is one approach to person recognition, which can be used in identification as well as authentication. Among the various modalities that have been developed, electroencephalography (EEG)-based biometrics features unparalleled universality, distinctiveness and collectability, while minimizing the risk of circumvention. However, commercializing EEG-based person recognition poses a number of challenges. This article reviews the various systems proposed over the past few years with a focus on the shortcomings that have prevented wide-scale implementation, including issues pertaining to temporal stability, psychological and physiological changes, protocol design, equipment and performance evaluation. We also examine several directions for the further development of usable EEG-based recognition systems as well as the niche markets to which they could be applied. It is expected that rapid advancements in EEG instrumentation, on-device processing and machine learning techniques will lead to the emergence of commercialized person recognition systems in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chan
- Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Kuo
- Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alcohol-Dependent Individuals Make Detrimental Decisions under Ambiguous and Perilous Conditions. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
24
|
Alcohol Consumption during Adolescence in a Mouse Model of Binge Drinking Alters the Intrinsic Excitability and Function of the Prefrontal Cortex through a Reduction in the Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6207-6222. [PMID: 29915134 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0550-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic episodes of excessive alcohol consumption ("binge drinking") occur frequently among adolescents, and early binge drinking is associated with an increased risk of alcohol use disorders later in life. The PFC undergoes significant development during adolescence and hence may be especially susceptible to the effects of binge drinking. In humans and in animal models, adolescent alcohol exposure is known to alter PFC neuronal activity and produce deficits in PFC-dependent behaviors, such as decision making, response inhibition, and working memory. Using a voluntary intermittent access to alcohol (IA EtOH) procedure in male mice, we demonstrate that binge-level alcohol consumption during adolescence leads to altered drinking patterns and working memory deficits in young adulthood, two outcomes that suggest medial PFC dysfunction. We recorded from pyramidal neurons (PNs) in the prelimbic subregion of the medial PFC in slices obtained from mice that had IA EtOH and found that they display altered excitability, including a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and reductions in the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) and in intrinsic persistent activity (a mode of neuronal firing that is dependent on Ih). Many of these effects on intrinsic excitability were sustained following abstinence and observed in mice that showed working memory deficits. In addition, we found that resting membrane potential and the Ih-dependent voltage "sag" in prelimbic PFC PNs are developmentally regulated during adolescence, suggesting that adolescent alcohol exposure may compromise PFC function by arresting the normal developmental trajectory of PN intrinsic excitability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Binge alcohol drinking during adolescence has negative consequences for the function of the developing PFC. Using a mouse model of voluntary binge drinking during adolescence, we found that this behavior leads to working memory deficits and altered drinking behavior in adulthood. In addition, we found that adolescent drinking is associated with specific changes to the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons in the PFC, reducing the ability of these neurons to generate intrinsic persistent activity, a phenomenon thought to be important for working memory. These findings may help explain why human adolescent binge drinkers show performance deficits on tasks mediated by the PFC.
Collapse
|
25
|
TMS evoked N100 reflects local GABA and glutamate balance. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1071-1079. [PMID: 29759942 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that synchronized electrical activities in the brain are regulated by the primary inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, respectively. Identifying direct evidence that this same basic chemical-electrical neuroscience principle operates in the human brains is critical for translation of neuroscience to pathological research. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that the background neurochemical concentrations may affect the cortical excitability probed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS We used TMS with simultaneous evoked potential recording to probe the cortical excitability and determined how background frontal cortical GABA and glutamate levels measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) modulate frontal electrical activities. RESULTS We found that TMS-evoked N100 reflects a balance between GABA-inhibitory and glutamate-excitatory levels. About 46% of individual variances in frontal N100 can be explained by their glutamate/GABA ratio (r = -0.68, p = 0.001). Both glutamate (r = -0.51, p = 0.019) and GABA (r = 0.55, p = 0.01) significantly contributed to this relationship but in opposite directions. CONCLUSION The current finding encourages additional mechanistic studies to develop TMS evoked N100 as a potential electrophysiological biomarker for translating the known inhibitory GABAergic vs. excitatory glutamatergic chemical-electrical principle from animal brain studies to human brain studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Alcohol Impairs N100 Response to Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3428. [PMID: 29467392 PMCID: PMC5821878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is thought to exert its effect by acting on gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission. The N100, the negative peak on electroencephalography (EEG) that occurs approximately 100 ms following the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse, is believed to represent GABAB receptor mediated neurotransmission. However, no studies have examined the effect of alcohol on the N100 response to TMS stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of alcohol on the DLPFC TMS-evoked N100 response. The study was a within-subject cross-over design study. Fifteen healthy alcohol drinkers were administered TMS to the DLPFC before (PreBev) and after consumption (PostBev) of an alcohol or placebo beverage. The amplitude of the N100 before and after beverage was compared for both the alcohol and placebo beverage. Alcohol produced a significant decrease in N100 amplitude (t = 4.316, df = 14, p = 0.001). The placebo beverage had no effect on the N100 amplitude (t = −1.856, df = 14, p = 0.085). Acute alcohol consumption produces a decrease in N100 amplitude to TMS stimulation of the DLPFC, suggesting a decrease in GABAB receptor mediated neurotransmission. Findings suggest that the N100 may represent a marker of alcohol’s effects on inhibitory neurotransmission.
Collapse
|
27
|
Obad A, Peeran A, Little JI, Haddad GE, Tarzami ST. Alcohol-Mediated Organ Damages: Heart and Brain. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29487525 PMCID: PMC5816804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused substances in the United States. Chronic consumption of ethanol has been responsible for numerous chronic diseases and conditions globally. The underlying mechanism of liver injury has been studied in depth, however, far fewer studies have examined other organs especially the heart and the central nervous system (CNS). The authors conducted a narrative review on the relationship of alcohol with heart disease and dementia. With that in mind, a complex relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular disease and dementia has been long proposed but inflammatory biomarkers have gained more attention lately. In this review we examine some of the consequences of the altered cytokine regulation that occurs in alcoholics in organs other than the liver. The article reviews the potential role of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α in predicting dementia and/or cardiovascular disease. It was found that TNF-α could promote and accelerate local inflammation and damage through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Unraveling the mechanisms linking chronic alcohol consumption with proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent inflammatory signaling pathways activation in the heart and CNS, is essential to improve our understanding of the disease and hopefully facilitate the development of new remedies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sima T. Tarzami
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaarre O, Kallioniemi E, Könönen M, Tolmunen T, Kekkonen V, Kivimäki P, Heikkinen N, Ferreri F, Laukkanen E, Määttä S. Heavy alcohol use in adolescence is associated with altered cortical activity: a combined TMS-EEG study. Addict Biol 2018; 23:268-280. [PMID: 28008690 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and functional connectivity. In the central nervous system, the effects of alcohol are particularly mediated by alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission, and TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) N45 and N100 in EEG are known to reflect GABAergic function. However, no previous studies have examined the effects of long-term alcohol use in adolescence on TEPs. In this study, a total of 27 young adults with heavy alcohol use in adolescence and 25 age-matched, gender-matched and education-matched controls with little or no alcohol use participated in TMS-EEG measurements. The motor cortex (M1) was stimulated with an intensity of 90 percent of the resting motor threshold of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. No significant differences were found in the resting motor threshold, TEP latencies or neuropsychological functioning between the groups. We observed an increase in the global mean field power in the time window of 54- to 75-millisecond post-TMS, as well as significant topographical differences in the P60 and N100 in those with a history of heavy drinking. Furthermore, there was a marked increase in the GABAergic N45 amplitude in alcohol users. These findings suggest that long-term alcohol use in adolescence, even when not meeting the diagnostic criteria for a disorder, is associated with changes in connectivity and cortical excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Kaarre
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- Department of Applied Physics; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Virve Kekkonen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Petri Kivimäki
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Noora Heikkinen
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Florinda Ferreri
- Department of Neurology; University Campus Biomedico; Rome Italy
| | - Eila Laukkanen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chung SW, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Sullivan CM, Cash RFH, Fitzgerald PB. Impact of different intensities of intermittent theta burst stimulation on the cortical properties during TMS-EEG and working memory performance. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:783-802. [PMID: 29124791 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique capable of increasing cortical excitability beyond the stimulation period. Due to the rapid induction of modulatory effects, prefrontal application of iTBS is gaining popularity as a therapeutic tool for psychiatric disorders such as depression. In an attempt to increase efficacy, higher than conventional intensities are currently being applied. The assumption that this increases neuromodulatory may be mechanistically false for iTBS. This study examined the influence of intensity on the neurophysiological and behavioural effects of iTBS in the prefrontal cortex. Sixteen healthy participants received iTBS over prefrontal cortex at either 50, 75 or 100% resting motor threshold in separate sessions. Single-pulse TMS and concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess changes in cortical reactivity measured as TMS-evoked potentials and oscillations. The n-back task was used to assess changes in working memory performance. The data can be summarised as an inverse U-shape relationship between intensity and iTBS plastic effects, where 75% iTBS yielded the largest neurophysiological changes. Improvement in reaction time in the 3-back task was supported by the change in alpha power, however, comparison between conditions revealed no significant differences. The assumption that higher intensity results in greater neuromodulatory effects may be false, at least in healthy individuals, and should be carefully considered for clinical populations. Neurophysiological changes associated with working memory following iTBS suggest functional relevance. However, the effects of different intensities on behavioural performance remain elusive in the present healthy sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caley M Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia.,Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Camberwell, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hwa L, Besheer J, Kash T. Glutamate plasticity woven through the progression to alcohol use disorder: a multi-circuit perspective. F1000Res 2017; 6:298. [PMID: 28413623 PMCID: PMC5365217 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signaling in the brain is one of the most studied targets in the alcohol research field. Here, we report the current understanding of how the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, its receptors, and its transporters are involved in low, episodic, and heavy alcohol use. Specific animal behavior protocols can be used to assess these different drinking levels, including two-bottle choice, operant self-administration, drinking in the dark, the alcohol deprivation effect, intermittent access to alcohol, and chronic intermittent ethanol vapor inhalation. Importantly, these methods are not limited to a specific category, since they can be interchanged to assess different states in the development from low to heavy drinking. We encourage a circuit-based perspective beyond the classic mesolimbic-centric view, as multiple structures are dynamically engaged during the transition from positive- to negative-related reinforcement to drive alcohol drinking. During this shift from lower-level alcohol drinking to heavy alcohol use, there appears to be a shift from metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent behaviors to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related processes. Despite high efficacy of the glutamate-related pharmaceutical acamprosate in animal models of drinking, it is ineffective as treatment in the clinic. Therefore, research needs to focus on other promising glutamatergic compounds to reduce heavy drinking or mediate withdrawal symptoms or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hwa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas Kash
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Imperatori C, Valenti EM, Della Marca G, Amoroso N, Massullo C, Carbone GA, Maestoso G, Quintiliani MI, Contardi A, Farina B. Coping food craving with neurofeedback. Evaluation of the usefulness of alpha/theta training in a non-clinical sample. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 112:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
de Goede AA, van Putten MJAM. Repeatability of long intracortical inhibition in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2016; 2:26-34. [PMID: 30214967 PMCID: PMC6123853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
LICI repeatability showed a large variation at the subject level and ISI level. Good repeatability at group level decreased when including inter-subject variation. Added value of robot-guided coil positioning seems limited for paired pulse TMS.
Objectives Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to assess cortical excitability. To detect changes in excitability with longitudinal studies, it is important to validate the repeatability of excitability measures within a subject between different sessions. Repeatability studies on long intracortical inhibition (LICI) are limited and reported agreement ranges from poor to good. This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of LICI in healthy subjects using paired pulse TMS. In addition, it investigates whether LICI repeatability differs for manual and robot-guided coil positioning. Methods Thirty healthy subjects (10 males, mean age 28.4 ± 8.2 years) were studied twice, approximately one week apart. Both motor cortices were stimulated with 50 paired pulses (intensity 120% of resting motor threshold) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs): 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. In twenty subjects a figure-of-eight coil was positioned and held in place manually during both sessions, while in ten subjects a robot-navigated arm was used. LICI repeatability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results For manual and robot-guided coil positioning we found a large variation in repeatability at the subject level and ISI level, ranging from poor to good agreement. On a group level, we found good repeatability for averaged LICI curves (manual: ICC = 0.91, robot-guided: ICC = 0.95), which decreased when individual curves were correlated between sessions (manual: ICC = 0.76, robot-guided: ICC = 0.84). Conclusion For a correct interpretation of longitudinal study outcomes it is important to know the subject specific LICI repeatability and to analyze each ISI individually. Furthermore, the added value of robot-guided coil positioning for paired pulse TMS seems limited. Significance The large variation in LICI repeatability at the subject level and ISI level should be taken into account in longitudinal studies, while robot-guided coil positioning seems unnecessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika A de Goede
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA - Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA - Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Default Mode Network alterations in alexithymia: an EEG power spectra and connectivity study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36653. [PMID: 27845326 PMCID: PMC5109184 DOI: 10.1038/srep36653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that alexithymia is characterized by functional alterations in different brain areas [e.g., posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)], during emotional/social tasks. However, only few data are available about alexithymic cortical networking features during resting state (RS). We have investigated the modifications of electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra and EEG functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in subjects with alexithymia. Eighteen subjects with alexithymia and eighteen subjects without alexithymia matched for age and gender were enrolled. EEG was recorded during 5 min of RS. EEG analyses were conducted by means of the exact Low Resolution Electric Tomography software (eLORETA). Compared to controls, alexithymic subjects showed a decrease of alpha power in the right PCC. In the connectivity analysis, compared to controls, alexithymic subjects showed a decrease of alpha connectivity between: (i) right anterior cingulate cortex and right PCC, (ii) right frontal lobe and right PCC, and (iii) right parietal lobe and right temporal lobe. Finally, mediation models showed that the association between alexithymia and EEG connectivity values was directed and was not mediated by psychopathology severity. Taken together, our results could reflect the neurophysiological substrate of some core features of alexithymia, such as the impairment in emotional awareness.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rogasch NC, Sullivan C, Thomson RH, Rose NS, Bailey NW, Fitzgerald PB, Farzan F, Hernandez-Pavon JC. Analysing concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalographic data: A review and introduction to the open-source TESA software. Neuroimage 2016; 147:934-951. [PMID: 27771347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is growing in popularity as a method for assessing various cortical properties such as excitability, oscillations and connectivity. However, this combination of methods is technically challenging, resulting in artifacts both during recording and following typical EEG analysis methods, which can distort the underlying neural signal. In this article, we review the causes of artifacts in EEG recordings resulting from TMS, as well as artifacts introduced during analysis (e.g. as the result of filtering over high-frequency, large amplitude artifacts). We then discuss methods for removing artifacts, and ways of designing pipelines to minimise analysis-related artifacts. Finally, we introduce the TMS-EEG signal analyser (TESA), an open-source extension for EEGLAB, which includes functions that are specific for TMS-EEG analysis, such as removing and interpolating the TMS pulse artifact, removing and minimising TMS-evoked muscle activity, and analysing TMS-evoked potentials. The aims of TESA are to provide users with easy access to current TMS-EEG analysis methods and to encourage direct comparisons of these methods and pipelines. It is hoped that providing open-source functions will aid in both improving and standardising analysis across the field of TMS-EEG research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Caley Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Richard H Thomson
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nathan S Rose
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, USA
| | - Neil W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Naim-Feil J, Bradshaw JL, Rogasch NC, Daskalakis ZJ, Sheppard DM, Lubman DI, Fitzgerald PB. Cortical inhibition within motor and frontal regions in alcohol dependence post-detoxification: A pilot TMS-EEG study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:547-56. [PMID: 26243644 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1066512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical studies suggest that cortical alterations within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are critical to the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) allows direct assessment of cortical excitability and inhibition within the PFC of human subjects. We report the first application of TMS-EEG to measure these indices within the PFC of alcohol-dependent (ALD) patients post-detoxification. METHODS Cortical inhibition was assessed in 12 ALD patients and 14 healthy controls through single and paired-pulse TMS paradigms. Long-interval cortical inhibition indexed cortical inhibition in the PFC. In the motor cortex (MC), short- interval intracortical inhibition and cortical silent period determined inhibition, while intracortical facilitation measured facilitation, resting and active motor threshold indexed cortical excitability. RESULTS ALD patients demonstrated altered cortical inhibition across the bilateral frontal cortices relative to controls. There was evidence of altered cortical excitability in ALD patients; however, no significant differences in MC inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides first direct evidence of reduced cortical inhibition in the PFC of ALD patients post-detoxification. Altered cortical excitability in the MC may reflect hyper-excitability within the cortex associated with chronic alcohol consumption. These findings provide initial neurophysiological evidence of disrupted cortical excitability within the PFC of ALD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Naim-Feil
- a Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Central Clinical School , Prahran, Victoria , Australia.,b School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - John L Bradshaw
- b School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- a Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Central Clinical School , Prahran, Victoria , Australia.,d Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- e Temetry Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Dianne M Sheppard
- f Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- g Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Eastern Health and Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- a Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Central Clinical School , Prahran, Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Farzan F, Vernet M, Shafi MMD, Rotenberg A, Daskalakis ZJ, Pascual-Leone A. Characterizing and Modulating Brain Circuitry through Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Electroencephalography. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:73. [PMID: 27713691 PMCID: PMC5031704 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a powerful technology for characterizing and modulating brain networks across developmental, behavioral, and disease states. Given the global initiatives in mapping the human brain, recognition of the utility of this technique is growing across neuroscience disciplines. Importantly, TMS-EEG offers translational biomarkers that can be applied in health and disease, across the lifespan, and in humans and animals, bridging the gap between animal models and human studies. However, to utilize the full potential of TMS-EEG methodology, standardization of TMS-EEG study protocols is needed. In this article, we review the principles of TMS-EEG methodology, factors impacting TMS-EEG outcome measures, and the techniques for preventing and correcting artifacts in TMS-EEG data. To promote the standardization of this technique, we provide comprehensive guides for designing TMS-EEG studies and conducting TMS-EEG experiments. We conclude by reviewing the application of TMS-EEG in basic, cognitive and clinical neurosciences, and evaluate the potential of this emerging technology in brain research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Farzan
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marine Vernet
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mouhsin M D Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Alcoholic drinks (ADs) have been reported as a migraine trigger in about one-third of the migraine patients in retrospective studies. Some studies found that ADs trigger also other primary headaches. The studies concerning the role of ADs in triggering various types of primary headaches published after the International Headache Society classification criteria of 1988 were reviewed, and the pathophysiological mechanisms were discussed. Many studies show that ADs are a trigger of migraine without aura (MO), migraine with aura (MA), cluster headache (CH), and tension-type headache (TH). While data on MO and CH are well delineated, those in MA and TH are discordant. There are sparse reports that ADs are also triggers of less frequent types of primary headache such as familial hemiplegic migraine, hemicrania continua, and paroxysmal hemicrania. However, in some countries, the occurrence of alcohol as headache trigger is negligible, perhaps determined by alcohol habits. The frequency estimates vary widely based on the study approach and population. In fact, prospective studies report a limited importance of ADs as migraine trigger. If ADs are capable of triggering practically all primary headaches, they should act at a common pathogenetic level. The mechanisms of alcohol-provoking headache were discussed in relationship to the principal pathogenetic theories of primary headaches. The conclusion was that vasodilatation is hardly compatible with ADs trigger activity of all primary headaches and a common pathogenetic mechanism at cortical, or more likely at subcortical/brainstem, level is more plausible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Panconesi
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, FI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yavari F, Shahbabaie A, Leite J, Carvalho S, Ekhtiari H, Fregni F. Noninvasive brain stimulation for addiction medicine: From monitoring to modulation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 224:371-99. [PMID: 26822367 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden on the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding of the chemical, neuronal, regional, and network alterations of the brain due to drug abuse can ultimately lead to tailoring individualized and more effective interventions. To this end, employing new assessment and intervention procedures seems crucial. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulations (tES and TMS) have provided promising opportunities for the addiction medicine in two main domains: (1) providing new insights into neurochemical and neural circuit changes in the human brain cortex and (2) understanding the role of different brain regions by using NIBS and modulating cognitive functions, such as drug craving, risky decision making, inhibitory control and executive functions to obtain specific treatment outcomes. In spite of preliminary positive results, there are several open questions, which need to be addressed before routine clinical utilization of NIBS techniques in addiction to medicine, such as how to account for interindividual differences, define optimal cognitive and neural targets, optimize stimulation protocols, and integrate NIBS with other therapeutic methods. Therefore, in this chapter we revise the available literature on the use of NIBS (TMS and tES) in the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of the addiction medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yavari
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahbabaie
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jorge Leite
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Freeman SM, Aron AR. Withholding a Reward-driven Action: Studies of the Rise and Fall of Motor Activation and the Effect of Cognitive Depletion. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 28:237-51. [PMID: 26469745 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Controlling an inappropriate response tendency in the face of a reward-predicting stimulus likely depends on the strength of the reward-driven activation, the strength of a putative top-down control process, and their relative timing. We developed a rewarded go/no-go paradigm to investigate such dynamics. Participants made rapid responses (on go trials) to high versus low reward-predicting stimuli and sometimes had to withhold responding (on no-go trials) in the face of the same stimuli. Behaviorally, for high versus low reward stimuli, responses were faster on go trials, and there were more errors of commission on no-go trials. We used single-pulse TMS to map out the corticospinal excitability dynamics, especially on no-go trials where control is needed. For successful no-go trials, there was an early rise in motor activation that was then sharply reduced beneath baseline. This activation-reduction pattern was more pronounced for high- versus low-reward trials and in individuals with greater motivational drive for reward. A follow-on experiment showed that, when participants were fatigued by an effortful task, they made more errors on no-go trials for high versus low reward stimuli. Together, these studies show that, when a response is inappropriate, reward-predicting stimuli induce early motor activation, followed by a top-down effortful control process (which we interpret as response suppression) that depends on the strength of the preceding activation. Our findings provide novel information about the activation-suppression dynamics during control over reward-driven actions, and they illustrate how fatigue or depletion leads to control failures in the face of reward.
Collapse
|
40
|
Support vector machine and fuzzy C-mean clustering-based comparative evaluation of changes in motor cortex electroencephalogram under chronic alcoholism. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 53:609-22. [PMID: 25773367 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the magnitude and spatial distribution of frequency spectrum in the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) were examined to address the problem of detecting alcoholism in the cerebral motor cortex. The EEG signals were recorded from chronic alcoholic conditions (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). Data were taken from motor cortex region and divided into five sub-bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta-1 and beta-2). Three methodologies were adopted for feature extraction: (1) absolute power, (2) relative power and (3) peak power frequency. The dimension of the extracted features is reduced by linear discrimination analysis and classified by support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy C-mean clustering. The maximum classification accuracy (88 %) with SVM clustering was achieved with the EEG spectral features with absolute power frequency on F4 channel. Among the bands, relatively higher classification accuracy was found over theta band and beta-2 band in most of the channels when computed with the EEG features of relative power. Electrodes wise CZ, C3 and P4 were having more alteration. Considering the good classification accuracy obtained by SVM with relative band power features in most of the EEG channels of motor cortex, it can be suggested that the noninvasive automated online diagnostic system for the chronic alcoholic condition can be developed with the help of EEG signals.
Collapse
|
41
|
Rogasch NC, Thomson RH, Farzan F, Fitzgibbon BM, Bailey NW, Hernandez-Pavon JC, Daskalakis ZJ, Fitzgerald PB. Removing artefacts from TMS-EEG recordings using independent component analysis: Importance for assessing prefrontal and motor cortex network properties. Neuroimage 2014; 101:425-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
42
|
Dinur-Klein L, Dannon P, Hadar A, Rosenberg O, Roth Y, Kotler M, Zangen A. Smoking cessation induced by deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal and insular cortices: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:742-9. [PMID: 25038985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in developed countries. Our previous studies in animal models and humans suggest that repeated activation of cue-induced craving networks followed by electromagnetic stimulation of the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC) can cause lasting reductions in drug craving and consumption. We hypothesized that disruption of these circuitries by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the PFC and insula bilaterally can induce smoking cessation. METHODS Adults (N = 115) who smoke at least 20 cigarettes/day and failed previous treatments were recruited from the general population. Participants were randomized to receive 13 daily sessions of high-frequency, low-frequency or sham stimulation following, or without, presentation of smoking cues. Deep TMS was administered using an H-coil version targeting the lateral PFC and insula bilaterally. Cigarette consumption was evaluated during the treatment by measuring cotinine levels in urine samples and recording participants' self-reports as a primary outcome variable. Dependence and craving were assessed using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS High (but not low) frequency deep TMS treatment significantly reduced cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. The combination of this treatment with exposure to smoking cues enhanced reduction in cigarette consumption leading to an abstinence rate of 44% at the end of the treatment and an estimated 33% 6 months following the treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study further implicates the lateral PFC and insula in nicotine addiction and suggests the use of deep high-frequency TMS of these regions following presentation of smoking cues as a promising treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limor Dinur-Klein
- Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pinhas Dannon
- Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Aviad Hadar
- Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oded Rosenberg
- Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yiftach Roth
- Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Kotler
- Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Napolitani M, Bodart O, Canali P, Seregni F, Casali A, Laureys S, Rosanova M, Massimini M, Gosseries O. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with high-density EEG in altered states of consciousness. Brain Inj 2014; 28:1180-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.920524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
44
|
BAUER PRISCAR, KALITZIN STILIYAN, ZIJLMANS MAEIKE, SANDER JOSEMIRW, VISSER GERHARDH. CORTICAL EXCITABILITY AS A POTENTIAL CLINICAL MARKER OF EPILEPSY: A REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. Int J Neural Syst 2014; 24:1430001. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065714300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used for safe, noninvasive probing of cortical excitability (CE). We review 50 studies that measured CE in people with epilepsy. Most showed cortical hyperexcitability, which can be corrected with anti-epileptic drug treatment. Several studies showed that decrease of CE after epilepsy surgery is predictive of good seizure outcome. CE is a potential biomarker for epilepsy. Clinical application may include outcome prediction of drug treatment and epilepsy surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PRISCA R. BAUER
- SEIN - Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - STILIYAN KALITZIN
- SEIN - Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - MAEIKE ZIJLMANS
- SEIN - Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - JOSEMIR W. SANDER
- SEIN - Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0RJ, United Kingdom
| | - GERHARD H. VISSER
- SEIN - Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
rTMS in the treatment of drug addiction: an update about human studies. Behav Neurol 2014; 2014:815215. [PMID: 24803733 PMCID: PMC4006612 DOI: 10.1155/2014/815215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction can be a devastating and chronic relapsing disorder with social, psychological, and physical consequences, and more effective treatment options are needed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been assessed in a growing number of studies for its therapeutic potential in treating addiction. This review paper offers an overview on the current state of clinical research in treating drug addiction with rTMS. Because of the limited research in this area, all studies (including case reports) that evaluated the therapeutic use of rTMS in nicotine, alcohol, or illicit drug addiction were included in this review. Papers published prior to December 2012 were found through an NCBI PubMed search. A total of eleven studies were identified that met review criteria. There is nascent evidence that rTMS could be effective in reducing cocaine craving and nicotine and alcohol craving and consumption and might represent a potential therapeutic tool for treating addiction. Further studies are needed to identify the optimal parameters of stimulation for the most effective treatment of drug addiction, to improve our comprehension of the treatment neurophysiological effects, and to conduct rigorous, controlled efficacy studies with adequate power.
Collapse
|
46
|
Alcohol increases hypnotic susceptibility. Conscious Cogn 2013; 22:1082-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Tallus J, Lioumis P, Hämäläinen H, Kähkönen S, Tenovuo O. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography responses in recovered and symptomatic mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:1270-7. [PMID: 23384582 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may cause diffuse damage to the brain, especially to the frontal areas, that may lead to persistent symptoms. We studied participants with past mTBI by means of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG). Eleven symptomatic and 8 recovered participants with a history of single mTBI and 9 healthy controls participated. Average time from injury to testing was 5 years. The participants did not have abnormalities or signs of injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging, and they did not use any centrally acting medication. Left primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were stimulated with nTMS and evoked potentials measured from the corresponding areas of both hemispheres. Delayed ipsilateral P30 and contralateral N45 peak latencies to left DLPFC nTMS were found in the symptomatic group, along with higher DLPFC N100 amplitudes compared with the control or recovered group. The recovered group had shorter P200 latencies in left DLPFC nTMS compared with the other groups. Both mTBI groups had higher motor thresholds compared with the control group. In left M1 nTMS, the mTBI groups showed less P30 amplitude increase, and the symptomatic group showed longer P60 interhemispheric latency difference with higher stimulation intensities. The results suggest altered brain reactivity and connectivity in mTBI. Some of the observed differences may be related to compensatory mechanisms of recovery. nTMS-EEG is a potentially useful tool for studying the effects of mTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Tallus
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Johnston K, Timney B, Goodale MA. Acute alcohol consumption impairs controlled but not automatic processes in a psychophysical pointing paradigm. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68682. [PMID: 23861934 PMCID: PMC3701672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on controlled and automatic cognitive processes. Such studies have shown that alcohol impairs performance on tasks requiring conscious, intentional control, while leaving automatic performance relatively intact. Here, we sought to extend these findings to aspects of visuomotor control by investigating the effects of alcohol in a visuomotor pointing paradigm that allowed us to separate the influence of controlled and automatic processes. Six male participants were assigned to an experimental "correction" condition in which they were instructed to point at a visual target as quickly and accurately as possible. On a small percentage of trials, the target "jumped" to a new location. On these trials, the participants' task was to amend their movement such that they pointed to the new target location. A second group of 6 participants were assigned to a "countermanding" condition, in which they were instructed to terminate their movements upon detection of target "jumps". In both the correction and countermanding conditions, participants served as their own controls, taking part in alcohol and no-alcohol conditions on separate days. Alcohol had no effect on participants' ability to correct movements "in flight", but impaired the ability to withhold such automatic corrections. Our data support the notion that alcohol selectively impairs controlled processes in the visuomotor domain.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Drug and alcohol addiction is a debilitating disorder characterized by persistent drug-seeking behaviors despite negative physiological, medical, or social consequences. Neurobiological models of addiction propose that the reinforcing effects of addictive drugs are associated with altered neurotransmission within the reward 'mesocorticolimbic' circuitry in the brain. Immense efforts are therefore designed to target the mesocorticolimbic circuitry in attenuating drug dependence and addiction-related behaviors. Yet, to date, most addiction treatments have demonstrated only limited success in reducing addiction-related behaviors. Accumulating and compelling evidence suggests that novel nonsurgical brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, could serve as promising tools for indexing altered neurotransmission associated with repetitive drug use, and moreover, may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of drug dependence and addiction-related behaviors. This chapter reviews and discusses the current and potential applications of such techniques in the study and treatment of addiction; we focus on a number of common drugs of abuse, including nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, and ecstasy.
Collapse
|
50
|
Non-invasive brain stimulation in the functional evaluation of alcohol effects and in the treatment of alcohol craving: A review. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|