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Gou P, Zhang W. Protein lysine acetyltransferase CBP/p300: A promising target for small molecules in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116130. [PMID: 38215693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CBP and p300 are homologous proteins exhibiting remarkable structural and functional similarity. Both proteins function as acetyltransferase and coactivator, underscoring their significant roles in cellular processes. The function of histone acetyltransferases is to facilitate the release of DNA from nucleosomes and act as transcriptional co-activators to promote gene transcription. Transcription factors recruit CBP/p300 by co-condensation and induce transcriptional bursting. Disruption of CBP or p300 functions is associated with different diseases, especially cancer, which can result from either loss of function or gain of function. CBP and p300 are multidomain proteins containing HAT (histone acetyltransferase) and BRD (bromodomain) domains, which perform acetyltransferase activity and maintenance of HAT signaling, respectively. Inhibitors targeting HAT and BRD have been explored for decades, and some BRD inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials for treating hematologic malignancies or advanced solid tumors. Here, we review the development and application of CBP/p300 inhibitors. Several inhibitors have been evaluated in vivo, exhibiting notable potency but limited selectivity. Exploring these inhibitors emphasizes the promise of targeting CBP and p300 with small molecules in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Gou
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Deng Y, Cheng Q, He J. HDAC inhibitors: Promising agents for leukemia treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:61-72. [PMID: 37722346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of a series of cancers have gradually been recognized. Histone deacetylase (HDACs), as well-known epigenetic modulators, are responsible for DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Studies have shown that aberrant expression of HDACs is found in many cancer types. Thus, inhibition of HDACs has provided a promising therapeutic approach alternative for these patients. Since HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in 2006, the combination of HDAC inhibitors with other molecules such as chemotherapeutic drugs has drawn much attention in current cancer treatment, especially in hematological malignancies therapy. Up to now, there have been more than twenty HDAC inhibitors investigated in clinic trials with five approvals being achieved. Indeed, Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote or enhance several different anticancer mechanisms and therefore are in evidence as potential antileukemia agents. In this review, we will focus on possible mechanisms by how HDAC inhibitors exert therapeutic benefit and their clinical utility in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Naef P, Radpour R, Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Bodmer N, Baerlocher GM, Doehner H, Doehner K, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. IL-33-ST2 signaling promotes stemness in subtypes of myeloid leukemia cells through the Wnt and Notch pathways. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd7705. [PMID: 37643244 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell stemness is characterized by quiescence, pluripotency, and long-term self-renewal capacity. Therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the primary cause of relapse in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia (CML and AML). However, the same signaling pathways frequently support stemness in both LSCs and normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), making LSCs difficult to therapeutically target. In cell lines and patient samples, we found that interleukin-33 (IL-33) signaling promoted stemness only in leukemia cells in a subtype-specific manner. The IL-33 receptor ST2 was abundant on the surfaces of CD34+ BCR/ABL1 CML and CD34+ AML cells harboring AML1/ETO and DEK/NUP214 translocations or deletion of chromosome 9q [del(9q)]. The cell surface abundance of ST2, which was lower or absent on other leukemia subtypes and HSCs, correlated with stemness, activated Wnt signaling, and repressed Notch signaling. IL-33-ST2 signaling promoted the maintenance and expansion of AML1/ETO-, DEK/NUP214-, and BCR/ABL1-positive LSCs in culture and in mice by activating Wnt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. Wnt signaling and its inhibition of the Notch pathway up-regulated the expression of the gene encoding ST2, thus forming a cell-autonomous loop. IL-33-ST2 signaling promoted the resistance of CML cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib and of AML cells to standard chemotherapy. Thus, inhibiting IL-33-ST2 signaling may target LSCs to overcome resistance to chemotherapy or TKIs in these subtypes of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Naef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Carla A Jaeger-Ruckstuhl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Nils Bodmer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Baerlocher
- Laboratory for Hematopoiesis and Molecular Genetics, Experimental Hematology, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Konstanze Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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4
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Zhang YF, Wang XL, Xu CH, Liu N, Zhang L, Zhang YM, Xie YY, Zhang YL, Huang QH, Wang L, Chen Z, Chen SJ, Roeder RG, Shen S, Xue K, Sun XJ. A direct comparison between AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 leukemia fusion proteins reveals context-dependent binding and regulation of target genes and opposite functions in cell differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:992714. [PMID: 36158200 PMCID: PMC9490184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.992714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETO-family transcriptional corepressors, including ETO, ETO2, and MTGR1, are all involved in leukemia-causing chromosomal translocations. In every case, an ETO-family corepressor acquires a DNA-binding domain (DBD) to form a typical transcription factor—the DBD binds to DNA, while the ETO moiety manifests transcriptional activity. A directly comparative study of these “homologous” fusion transcription factors may clarify their similarities and differences in regulating transcription and leukemogenesis. Here, we performed a side-by-side comparison between AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2, the most common fusion proteins in M2-and M7-subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia, respectively, by inducible expression of them in U937 leukemia cells. We found that, although AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 can use their own DBDs to bind DNA, they share a large proportion of genome-wide binding regions dependent on other cooperative transcription factors, including the ETS-, bZIP- and bHLH-family proteins. AML1-ETO acts as either transcriptional repressor or activator, whereas ETO2-GLIS2 mainly acts as activator. The repressor-versus-activator functions of AML1-ETO might be determined by the abundance of cooperative transcription factors/cofactors on the target genes. Importantly, AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 differentially regulate key transcription factors in myeloid differentiation including PU.1 and C/EBPβ. Consequently, AML1-ETO inhibits, but ETO2-GLIS2 facilitates, myeloid differentiation of U937 cells. This function of ETO2-GLIS2 is reminiscent of a similar effect of MLL-AF9 as previously reported. Taken together, this directly comparative study between AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 in the same cellular context provides insights into context-dependent transcription regulatory mechanisms that may underlie how these seemingly “homologous” fusion transcription factors exert distinct functions to drive different subtypes of leukemia.
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5
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Schnoeder TM, Schwarzer A, Jayavelu AK, Hsu CJ, Kirkpatrick J, Döhner K, Perner F, Eifert T, Huber N, Arreba-Tutusaus P, Dolnik A, Assi SA, Nafria M, Jiang L, Dai YT, Chen Z, Chen SJ, Kellaway SG, Ptasinska A, Ng ES, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Buschbeck M, Bierhoff H, Brodt S, Matziolis G, Fischer KD, Hochhaus A, Chen CW, Heidenreich O, Mann M, Lane SW, Bullinger L, Ori A, von Eyss B, Bonifer C, Heidel FH. PLCG1 is required for AML1-ETO leukemia stem cell self-renewal. Blood 2022; 139:1080-1097. [PMID: 34695195 PMCID: PMC8854675 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to identify novel drugs targeting fusion-oncogene-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed high-resolution proteomic analysis. In AML1-ETO (AE)-driven AML, we uncovered a deregulation of phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. We identified PLCgamma 1 (PLCG1) as a specific target of the AE fusion protein that is induced after AE binding to intergenic regulatory DNA elements. Genetic inactivation of PLCG1 in murine and human AML inhibited AML1-ETO dependent self-renewal programs, leukemic proliferation, and leukemia maintenance in vivo. In contrast, PLCG1 was dispensable for normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function. These findings are extended to and confirmed by pharmacologic perturbation of Ca++-signaling in AML1-ETO AML cells, indicating that the PLCG1 pathway poses an important therapeutic target for AML1-ETO+ leukemic stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Self Renewal
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Phospholipase C gamma/genetics
- Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism
- Proteome
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Schnoeder
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, and
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Chen-Jen Hsu
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Perner
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Theresa Eifert
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicolas Huber
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patricia Arreba-Tutusaus
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Nafria
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sophie G Kellaway
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anetta Ptasinska
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth S Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Holger Bierhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Brodt
- University Hospital Jena, Orthopaedic Department at Campus Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Georg Matziolis
- University Hospital Jena, Orthopaedic Department at Campus Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Innere Medizin 2, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Germany
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Steven W Lane
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Björn von Eyss
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Innere Medizin 2, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Germany
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Matsumoto A, Yoshida T, Shima T, Yamasaki K, Tadagaki K, Kondo N, Kuwahara Y, Zhang DE, Okuda T. C11ORF21, a novel RUNX1 target gene, is down-regulated by RUNX1-ETO. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100047. [PMID: 37082605 PMCID: PMC10074976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion protein RUNX1-ETO is an oncogenic transcription factor generated by t(8;21) chromosome translocation, which is found in FAB-M2-type acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RUNX1-ETO is known to dysregulate the normal RUNX1 transcriptional network, which should involve essential factors for the onset of AML with t(8;21). In this study, we screened for possible transcriptional targets of RUNX1 by reanalysis of public data in silico, and identified C11orf21 as a novel RUNX1 target gene because its expression was down-regulated in the presence of RUNX1-ETO. The expression level of C11orf21 was low in AML patient samples with t(8;21) and in Kasumi-1 cells, which carry RUNX1-ETO. Knockdown of RUNX1-ETO in Kasumi-1 cells restored C11orf21 expression, whereas overexpression of RUNX1 up-regulated C11orf21 expression. In addition, knockdown of RUNX1 in other human leukemia cells without RUNX-ETO, such as K562, led to a decrease in C11orf21 expression. Of note, the C11orf21 promoter sequence contains a consensus sequence for RUNX1 binding and it was activated by exogenously expressed RUNX1 based on our luciferase reporter assay. This luciferase signal was trans-dominantly suppressed by RUNX1-ETO and site-directed mutagenesis of the consensus site abrogated the reporter activity. This study demonstrated that C11orf21 is a novel transcriptional target of RUNX1 and RUNX1-ETO suppressed C11orf21 transcription in t(8;21) AML. Thus, through this in silico approach, we identified a novel transcriptional target of RUNX1, and the depletion of C11orf21, the target gene, may be associated with the onset of t(8;21) AML.
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7
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Zhang J, Gao X, Yu L. Roles of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Fusion Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741746. [PMID: 34540702 PMCID: PMC8440836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate orchestration of gene expression is critical for the process of normal hematopoiesis, and dysregulation is closely associated with leukemogenesis. Epigenetic aberration is one of the major causes contributing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found. Increasing evidences have shown the pivotal roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in chromatin remodeling, which are involved in stemness maintenance, cell fate determination, proliferation and differentiation, via mastering the transcriptional switch of key genes. In abnormal, these functions can be bloomed to elicit carcinogenesis. Presently, HDAC family members are appealing targets for drug exploration, many of which have been deployed to the AML treatment. As the majority of AML events are associated with chromosomal translocation resulting in oncogenic fusion proteins, it is valuable to comprehensively understand the mutual interactions between HDACs and oncogenic proteins. Therefore, we reviewed the process of leukemogenesis and roles of HDAC members acting in this progress, providing an insight for the target anchoring, investigation of hyperacetylated-agents, and how the current knowledge could be applied in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Mehrpouri M, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The contributory roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in hematopoiesis regulation and possibilities for pharmacologic interventions in hematologic malignancies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108114. [PMID: 34492531 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the definitive role of epigenetic modulations in a wide range of hematologic malignancies, spanning from leukemia to lymphoma and multiple myeloma, has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. Given the high accessibility of histone deacetylase (HDACs) to necessary transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis, this review aims to outline physiologic impacts of these enzymes in normal hematopoiesis, and also to outline the original data obtained from international research laboratories on their regulatory role in the differentiation and maturation of different hematopoietic lineages. Questions on how aberrant expression of HDACs contributes to the formation of hematologic malignancies are also responded, because these classes of enzymes have a respectable share in the development, progression, and recurrence of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic perspectiveof HDACs inhibitors, either as single agents or in a combined-modal strategy, in these neoplasms. In conclusion, optimizing the dose and the design of more patient-tailored inhibitors, while maintaining low toxicity against normal cells, will help improve clinical outcomes of HDAC inhibitors in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mehrpouri
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Rejeski K, Duque-Afonso J, Lübbert M. AML1/ETO and its function as a regulator of gene transcription via epigenetic mechanisms. Oncogene 2021; 40:5665-5676. [PMID: 34331016 PMCID: PMC8460439 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal translocation t(8;21) and the resulting oncofusion gene AML1/ETO have long served as a prototypical genetic lesion to model and understand leukemogenesis. In this review, we describe the wide-ranging role of AML1/ETO in AML leukemogenesis, with a particular focus on the aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene transcription driven by this AML-defining mutation. We begin by analyzing how structural changes secondary to distinct genomic breakpoints and splice changes, as well as posttranscriptional modifications, influence AML1/ETO protein function. Next, we characterize how AML1/ETO recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes to target genes and how the oncofusion protein alters chromatin marks, transcription factor binding, and gene expression. We explore the specific impact of these global changes in the epigenetic network facilitated by the AML1/ETO oncofusion on cellular processes and leukemic growth. Furthermore, we define the genetic landscape of AML1/ETO-positive AML, presenting the current literature concerning the incidence of cooperating mutations in genes such as KIT, FLT3, and NRAS. Finally, we outline how alterations in transcriptional regulation patterns create potential vulnerabilities that may be exploited by epigenetically active agents and other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Rejeski
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Freiburg Partner Site, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Freiburg Partner Site, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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10
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Tang D, Hu P, Zhu D, Luo Y, Chen M, Zhang G, Wang Y. C/EBPα is indispensable for PML/RARα-mediated suppression of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13179-13194. [PMID: 33901013 PMCID: PMC8148485 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the transcriptional regulatory network in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells is critical to illustrate the pathogenesis of other types of acute myeloid leukemia. Previous studies have primarily focused on the retinoic acid signaling pathway and how it is interfered with by promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-α (PML/RARα) fusion protein. However, this hardly explains how APL cells are blocked at the promyelocytic stage. Here, we demonstrated that C/EBPα bound and transactivated the promoter of long non-coding RNA NEAT1, an essential element for terminal differentiation of APL cells, through C/EBP binding sites. More importantly, PML/RARα repressed C/EBPα-mediated transactivation of NEAT1 through binding to NEAT1 promoter. Consistently, mutation of the C/EBP sites or deletion of retinoic acid responsive elements (RAREs) and RARE half motifs abrogated the PML/RARα-mediated repression. Moreover, silencing of C/EBPα attenuated ATRA-induced NEAT1 upregulation and APL cell differentiation. Finally, simultaneous knockdown of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ reduces ATRA-induced upregulation of C/EBPε and dramatically impaired NEAT1 activation and APL cell differentiation. In sum, C/EBPα binds and transactivates NEAT1 whereas PML/RARα represses this process. This study describes an essential role for C/EBPα in PML/RARα-mediated repression of NEAT1 and suggests that PML/RARα could contribute to the pathogenesis of APL through suppressing C/EBPα targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Piao Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dengqin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujiao Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Guangsen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Zhao X, Liu HQ, Wang LN, Yang L, Liu XL. Current and emerging molecular and epigenetic disease entities in acute myeloid leukemia and a critical assessment of their therapeutic modalities. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:121-135. [PMID: 33242577 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequently diagnosed acute leukemia, and its incidence increases with age. Although the etiology of AML remains unknown, exposure to genotoxic agents or some prior hematologic disorders could lead to the development of this condition. The pathogenesis of AML involves the development of malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells that undergo successive genomic alterations, ultimately giving rise to a full-blown disease. From the disease biology perspective, AML is considered to be extremely complex with significant genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variations. Molecular and cytogenetic alterations in AML include mutations in those subsets of genes that are involved in normal cell proliferation, maturation and survival, thus posing significant challenge to targeting these pathways without attendant toxicity. In addition, multiple malignant cells co-exist in the majority of AML patients. Individual subclones are characterized by unique genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, which contribute to the differences in their response to treatment. As a result, despite a dramatic progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of AML, not much has changed in therapeutic approaches to treat AML in the past four decades. Dose and regimen modifications with improved supportive care have contributed to improved outcomes by reducing toxicity-related side effects. Several drug candidates are currently being developed, including targeted small-molecule inhibitors, cytotoxic chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies and epigenetic drugs. This review summarizes the current state of affairs in the pathobiological and therapeutic aspects of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Söderholm S, Cantù C. The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1511. [PMID: 33085215 PMCID: PMC9285942 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin. This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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13
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Aypar U, Yao J, Londono DM, Khoobyar R, Scalise A, Arcila ME, Roshal M, Xiao W, Zhang Y. Rare and novel RUNX1 fusions in myeloid neoplasms: A single-institute experience. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:100-107. [PMID: 33078873 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome translocations involving the RUNX1 gene at 21q22 are recurring abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), that is, t(8;21) and t(3;21) and in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(12;21). These translocations result in the fusion of RUNX1 with RUNX1T1, MECOM, and ETV6, respectively, and are implicated in leukemogenesis. Here we describe 10 rare RUNX1 fusion gene partners, including six novel fusions, in myeloid neoplasia. Comprehensive molecular testing revealed the partner genes and features of these fusions in all the tested patients, and detected various recurring myeloid related gene mutations in eight patients. In two patients, RUNX1 mutations were identified. Most of these fusions were detected in patients with high-grade MDS and AML with a relatively short survival. Integration of conventional chromosome analysis, FISH testing and molecular genetic studies allow a comprehensive characterization of these rare RUNX1 fusions. Our study may help define myeloid neoplasms with rare and novel RUNX1 translocations and support appropriate patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Aypar
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinjuan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dory M Londono
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rose Khoobyar
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela Scalise
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria E Arcila
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Huang F, Sun J, Chen W, He X, Zhu Y, Dong H, Wang H, Li Z, Zhang L, Khaled S, Marcucci G, Huang J, Li L. HDAC4 inhibition disrupts TET2 function in high-risk MDS and AML. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16759-16774. [PMID: 32726753 PMCID: PMC7521497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation often silences transcription of tumor-suppressor genes and is considered a hallmark of myeloid neoplasms. Similarly, histone deacetylation represses transcription of genes responsible for cell differentiation/death. A previous clinical study suggested potential pharmacodynamic antagonism between histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA hypomethylating agents (HMA). Herein, to determine such antagonism, we used MDS/AML lines and NHD13 transgenic mice, and demonstrated that treatment with the pan-HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) significantly decreased TET2 expression and global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels. Mechanistically, our RNAi screen revealed that HDAC4 was responsible for maintaining TET2 levels. Accordingly, HDAC4 knockout reduced expression levels of MTSS1, a known TET2 target, an event associated with decreased 5hmC enrichment on the MTSS1 enhancer. Retrospective analysis of GEO datasets demonstrated that lower HDAC4 levels predict worse prognosis for AML patients. In an MDS-L xenografted immunodeficient mouse model, vitamin C co-treatment prevented TET2 loss of activity seen following SAHA treatment. Accordingly, vitamin C co-treatment further reduced MDS-L cell engraftment relative to SAHA alone. In summary, our findings suggest that co-administration of a TET2 agonist with pan-HDACi treatment could effectively counter potential diminution in TET2 activity resulting from pan-HDACi treatment alone, providing a rationale for evaluating such combinations against high-risk MDS/AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiteng Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China,Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Haojie Dong
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China,Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Samer Khaled
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT), Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT), Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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15
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Guo Q, Wang T, Yang Y, Gao L, Zhao Q, Zhang W, Xi T, Zheng L. Transcriptional Factor Yin Yang 1 Promotes the Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing miR-873-5p Transcriptional Activity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:527-541. [PMID: 32711380 PMCID: PMC7381513 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is upregulated in multiple tumors and plays essential roles in tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the function of YY1 in breast cancer stemness remains unclear. Herein, we found that YY1 expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival and relapse-free survival of breast cancer patients and positively correlated with the expression of stemness markers in breast cancer. Overexpression of YY1 increased the expression of stemness markers, elevated CD44+CD24− cell sub-population, and enhanced the capacity of cell spheroid formation and tumor-initiation. In contrast, YY1 knockdown exhibited the opposite effects. Mechanistically, YY1 decreased microRNA-873-5p (miR-873-5p) level by recruiting histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and HDAC9 to miR-873-5p promoter and thus increasing the deacetylation level of miR-873-5p promoter. Sequentially, YY1 activated the downstream PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, which have been confirmed to be suppressed by miR-873-5p in our recent work. Moreover, the suppressed effect of YY1/miR-873-5p axis on the stemness of breast cancer cells was partially dependent on PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, it was found that the YY1/miR-873-5p axis is involved in the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells. Our study defines a novel YY1/miR-873-5p axis responsible for the stemness of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Myeloid translocation gene CBFA2T3 directs a relapse gene program and determines patient-specific outcomes in AML. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1379-1393. [PMID: 31040112 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CBFA2T3 is a master transcriptional coregulator in hematopoiesis. In this study, we report novel functions of CBFA2T3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse. CBFA2T3 regulates cell-fate genes to establish gene expression signatures associated with leukemia stem cell (LSC) transformation and relapse. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that CBFA2T3 expression marks LSC signatures in primary AML samples. Analysis of paired primary and relapsed samples showed that acquisition of LSC gene signatures involves cell type-specific activation of CBFA2T3 transcription via the NM_005187 promoter by GCN5. Short hairpin RNA-mediated downregulation of CBFA2T3 arrests G1/S cell cycle progression, diminishes LSC gene signatures, and attenuates in vitro and in vivo proliferation of AML cells. We also found that the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion protein transcriptionally represses NM_005187 to confer t(8;21) AML patients a natural resistance to relapse, whereas lacking a similar repression mechanism renders non-core-binding factor AML patients highly susceptible to relapse. These studies show that 2 related primary AML-associated factors, the expression level of CBFA2T3 and the ability of leukemia cells to repress cell type-specific CBFA2T3 gene transcription, play important roles in patient prognosis, providing a paradigm that differential abilities to repress hematopoietic coregulator gene transcription are correlated with patient-specific outcomes in AML.
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17
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Xiong Q, Huang S, Li YH, Lv N, Lv C, Ding Y, Liu WW, Wang LL, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhao Y, Liao SY, Zhang MQ, Zhu BL, Yu L. Single‑cell RNA sequencing of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia for risk prediction. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1278-1288. [PMID: 32323795 PMCID: PMC7057921 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) enables the characterization of heterogeneous malignant cells. A total of 87 cells from two patients with t(8;21) AML were analyzed using scRNA-seq. Clustering methods were used to separate leukemia cells into different sub-populations, and the expression patterns of specific marker genes were used to annotate these populations. Among the 31 differentially expressed genes in the cells of a patient who relapsed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 13 genes were identified to be associated with leukemia. Furthermore, three genes, namely AT-rich interaction domain 2, lysine methyltransferase 2A and synaptotagmin binding cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein were validated as possible prognostic biomarkers using two bulk expression datasets. Taking advantage of scRNA-seq, the results of the present study may provide clinicians with several possible biomarkers to predict the prognostic outcomes of t(8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiong
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Sai Huang
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hui Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- School of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-You Liao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- School of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Li Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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18
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Licata L, Lo Surdo P, Iannuccelli M, Palma A, Micarelli E, Perfetto L, Peluso D, Calderone A, Castagnoli L, Cesareni G. SIGNOR 2.0, the SIGnaling Network Open Resource 2.0: 2019 update. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D504-D510. [PMID: 31665520 PMCID: PMC7145695 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The SIGnaling Network Open Resource 2.0 (SIGNOR 2.0) is a public repository that stores signaling information as binary causal relationships between biological entities. The captured information is represented graphically as a signed directed graph. Each signaling relationship is associated to an effect (up/down-regulation) and to the mechanism (e.g. binding, phosphorylation, transcriptional activation, etc.) causing the up/down-regulation of the target entity. Since its first release, SIGNOR has undergone a significant content increase and the number of annotated causal interactions have almost doubled. SIGNOR 2.0 now stores almost 23 000 manually-annotated causal relationships between proteins and other biologically relevant entities: chemicals, phenotypes, complexes, etc. We describe here significant changes in curation policy and a new confidence score, which is assigned to each interaction. We have also improved the compliance to the FAIR data principles by providing (i) SIGNOR stable identifiers, (ii) programmatic access through REST APIs, (iii) bioschemas and (iv) downloadable data in standard-compliant formats, such as PSI-MI CausalTAB and GMT. The data are freely accessible and downloadable at https://signor.uniroma2.it/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Licata
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Prisca Lo Surdo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Iannuccelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Micarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Perfetto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Alberto Calderone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Castagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Cesareni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00142 Rome, Italy
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19
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Targeting the Cancer Epigenome with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:55-75. [PMID: 32767234 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is an emerging hallmark of cancer that enables tumor cells to escape surveillance by tumor suppressors and ultimately progress. The structure of the epigenome consists of covalent modifications of chromatin components, including acetylation by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Targeting these enzymes with inhibitors to restore epigenetic homeostasis has been explored for many cancers. Osteosarcoma, an aggressive bone malignancy that primarily affects children and young adults, is notable for widespread genetic and epigenetic instability. This may explain why therapy directed at unique molecular pathways has failed to substantially improve outcomes in osteosarcoma over the past four decades. In this review, we discuss the potential of targeting the cancer epigenome, with a focus on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for osteosarcoma. We additionally highlight the safety and tolerance of HDACi, combination chemotherapy with HDACi, and the ongoing challenges in the development of these agents.
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San José-Enériz E, Gimenez-Camino N, Agirre X, Prosper F. HDAC Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111794. [PMID: 31739588 PMCID: PMC6896008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation arrest, and accumulation of immature myeloid progenitors. Although clinical advances in AML have been made, especially in young patients, long-term disease-free survival remains poor, making this disease an unmet therapeutic challenge. Epigenetic alterations and mutations in epigenetic regulators contribute to the pathogenesis of AML, supporting the rationale for the use of epigenetic drugs in patients with AML. While hypomethylating agents have already been approved in AML, the use of other epigenetic inhibitors, such as histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi), is under clinical development. HDACi such as Panobinostat, Vorinostat, and Tricostatin A have been shown to promote cell death, autophagy, apoptosis, or growth arrest in preclinical AML models, yet these inhibitors do not seem to be effective as monotherapies, but rather in combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss the rationale for the use of different HDACi in patients with AML, the results of preclinical studies, and the results obtained in clinical trials. Although so far the results with HDACi in clinical trials in AML have been modest, there are some encouraging data from treatment with the HDACi Pracinostat in combination with DNA demethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne San José-Enériz
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (N.G.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Naroa Gimenez-Camino
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (N.G.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (N.G.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (X.A.); (F.P.); Tel.: +34-948-194700 (ext. 1002) (X.A.); +34-948-255400 (ext. 5807) (F.P.)
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.S.J.-E.); (N.G.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (X.A.); (F.P.); Tel.: +34-948-194700 (ext. 1002) (X.A.); +34-948-255400 (ext. 5807) (F.P.)
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Xu Y, Man N, Karl D, Martinez C, Liu F, Sun J, Martinez CJ, Martin GM, Beckedorff F, Lai F, Yue J, Roisman A, Greenblatt S, Duffort S, Wang L, Sun X, Figueroa M, Shiekhattar R, Nimer S. TAF1 plays a critical role in AML1-ETO driven leukemogenesis. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31664040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12735-z.pmid:31664040;pmcid:pmc6820555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AML1-ETO (AE) is a fusion transcription factor, generated by the t(8;21) translocation, that functions as a leukemia promoting oncogene. Here, we demonstrate that TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 1 (TAF1) associates with K43 acetylated AE and this association plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of AE-expressing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. ChIP-sequencing indicates significant overlap of the TAF1 and AE binding sites. Knockdown of TAF1 alters the association of AE with chromatin, affecting of the expression of genes that are activated or repressed by AE. Furthermore, TAF1 is required for leukemic cell self-renewal and its reduction promotes the differentiation and apoptosis of AE+ AML cells, thereby impairing AE driven leukemogenesis. Together, our findings reveal a role of TAF1 in leukemogenesis and identify TAF1 as a potential therapeutic target for AE-expressing leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Karl
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Camilo Jose Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas Martin
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Fan Lai
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jingyin Yue
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Roisman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lan Wang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria Figueroa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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22
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Xu Y, Man N, Karl D, Martinez C, Liu F, Sun J, Martinez CJ, Martin GM, Beckedorff F, Lai F, Yue J, Roisman A, Greenblatt S, Duffort S, Wang L, Sun X, Figueroa M, Shiekhattar R, Nimer S. TAF1 plays a critical role in AML1-ETO driven leukemogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4925. [PMID: 31664040 PMCID: PMC6820555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AML1-ETO (AE) is a fusion transcription factor, generated by the t(8;21) translocation, that functions as a leukemia promoting oncogene. Here, we demonstrate that TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 1 (TAF1) associates with K43 acetylated AE and this association plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of AE-expressing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. ChIP-sequencing indicates significant overlap of the TAF1 and AE binding sites. Knockdown of TAF1 alters the association of AE with chromatin, affecting of the expression of genes that are activated or repressed by AE. Furthermore, TAF1 is required for leukemic cell self-renewal and its reduction promotes the differentiation and apoptosis of AE+ AML cells, thereby impairing AE driven leukemogenesis. Together, our findings reveal a role of TAF1 in leukemogenesis and identify TAF1 as a potential therapeutic target for AE-expressing leukemia. AML1-ETO is a fusion protein in which acetylation of lysine-43 is critical to leukemogenesis. Here, they show that TAF1 is required for AML1-ETO mediated gene expression such that it binds to acetylated AML1-ETO to facilitate the association of AML1-ETO with chromatin, and consequently, promotes leukemic self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Karl
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Camilo Jose Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas Martin
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Fan Lai
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jingyin Yue
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Roisman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lan Wang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria Figueroa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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23
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Yang Q, Chen K, Zhang L, Feng L, Fu G, Jiang S, Bi S, Lin C, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Chen XL, Fu G, Xu B. Synthetic lethality of combined AT-101 with idarubicin in acute myeloid leukemia via blockade of DNA repair and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Schütte J, Reusch J, Khandanpour C, Eisfeld C. Structural Variants as a Basis for Targeted Therapies in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:839. [PMID: 31555592 PMCID: PMC6722867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants (SV) are changes in the genomic landscape that can alter gene expression levels and thus lead to disease development. The most common and best studied SVs in hematological malignancies are chromosomal translocations. Here, parts of two genes that are normally on different chromosomes come into close proximity due to a failure in DNA repair. As a consequence, fusion proteins which show a different function and/or cellular localization compared to the two original proteins are expressed, sometimes even at different levels. The identification of chromosomal translocations is often used to identify the specific disease a patient is suffering from. In addition, SVs such as deletions, duplications, inversions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can occur in hematopoietic cells and lead to their malignant transformations. Changes in the 3D genome structure have also recently been shown to impact disease development. In this review, we describe a variety of SVs occurring in different subtypes of hematological malignancies. Currently, most therapeutic approaches target fusion proteins which are the cellular product of chromosomal translocations. However, amplifications and SNPs also play a role in disease progression and can be targeted. We present some examples for different types of structural variants and how they are currently treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schütte
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Reusch
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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25
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Schnake N, Hinojosa M, Gutiérrez S. Identification of a novel long non-coding RNA within RUNX1 intron 5. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:33. [PMID: 31366376 PMCID: PMC6670153 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RUNX1 gene, a master regulator of the hematopoietic process, participates in pathological conditions as a partner for several genes in chromosomal translocations. One of the most frequent chromosomal translocations found in acute myeloid leukemia patients is the t(8;21), in which RUNX1 and ETO genes recombine. In RUNX1 gene, the DNA double-strand breaks that originate the t(8;21) are generated in the intron 5, specifically within three regions designated as BCR1, BCR2, and BCR3. To date, what determines that these regions are more susceptible to DNA double-strand breaks is not completely clear. In this report, we characterized RUNX1 intron 5, by analyzing DNase-seq and ChIP-seq data, available in the ENCODE Project server, to evaluate DNaseI hypersensitivity and the presence of the epigenetic mark H3K4me3 in 124 and 51 cell types, respectively. Results Our results show that intron 5 exhibits an epigenetic mark distribution similar to known promoter regions. Moreover, using the online tool YAPP and available CAGE data from the ENCODE Project server, we identified several putative transcription start sites within intron 5 in regions BCR2 and BCR3. Finally, available EST data was analyzed, identifying a novel uncharacterized long non-coding RNA, which is expressed in hematopoietic cell lines as shown by RT-PCR. Our data suggests that the core promoter of the novel long non-coding RNA locates within the region BCR3. Conclusion We identified a novel long non-coding RNA within RUNX1 intron 5, transcribed from a promoter located in the region BCR3, one of the chromosomal breakpoints of RUNX1 gene. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-019-0219-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Schnake
- Laboratory of Epigenetics [EpiGene], Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcela Hinojosa
- Laboratory of Epigenetics [EpiGene], Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Soraya Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Epigenetics [EpiGene], Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile.
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Elucidation of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Acute Myeloid Leukemias with RUNX1- RUNX1T1 Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071717. [PMID: 30959925 PMCID: PMC6480444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion is a frequent chromosomal alteration in acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Although RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion protein has pivotal roles in the development of AMLs with the fusion, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, fusion protein is difficult to target, as it lacks kinase activities. Here, we used bioinformatic tools to elucidate targetable signaling pathways in AMLs with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion. After analysis of 93 AML cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found expression of 293 genes that correlated to the expression of the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene. Based on these 293 genes, the cyclooxygenase (COX), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathways were predicted to be specifically activated in AMLs with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion. Moreover, the in vitro proliferation of AML cells with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion decreased significantly more than that of AML cells without the fusion, when the pathways were inhibited pharmacologically. The results indicate that novel targetable signaling pathways could be identified by the analysis of the gene expression features of AMLs with non-targetable genetic alterations. The elucidation of specific molecular targets for AMLs that have a specific genetic alteration would promote personalized treatment of AMLs and improve clinical outcomes.
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27
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Ehinger M, Pettersson L. Measurable residual disease testing for personalized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. APMIS 2019; 127:337-351. [PMID: 30919505 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes - with the practicing hematologist in mind - the methods used to determine measurable residual disease (MRD) in everyday practice with some future perspectives, and the current knowledge about the prognostic impact of MRD on outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia. Possible implications for choice of MRD method, timing of MRD monitoring, and guidance of therapy are discussed in general and in some detail for certain types of leukemia with specific molecular markers to monitor, including core binding factor (CBF)-leukemias and NPM1-mutated leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Ehinger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pathology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Pettersson
- Department of Pathology, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061291. [PMID: 30875794 PMCID: PMC6471041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy, being characterized by substantial patient mortality and management cost. Its high somatic-mutation frequency and molecular heterogeneity usually renders tumors refractory to the applied regimens. Hitherto, methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin represent the backbone of systemic chemotherapy. However, despite the initial chemosensitivity, the majority of treated patients will eventually develop chemoresistance, which severely reduces their survival expectancy. Since chromatin regulation genes are more frequently mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as compared to other epithelial tumors, targeted therapies against chromatin aberrations in chemoresistant clones may prove beneficial for the disease. “Acetyl-chromatin” homeostasis is regulated by the opposing functions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The HDAC/SIRT (super-)family contains 18 members, which are divided in five classes, with each family member being differentially expressed in normal urinary bladder tissues. Since a strong association between irregular HDAC expression/activity and tumorigenesis has been previously demonstrated, we herein attempt to review the accumulated published evidences that implicate HDACs/SIRTs as critical regulators in urothelial bladder cancer. Moreover, the most extensively investigated HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are also analyzed, and the respective clinical trials are also described. Interestingly, it seems that HDACis should be preferably used in drug-combination therapeutic schemes, including radiation.
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29
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Guerra S, Cichowski K. Targeting Cancer at the Intersection of Signaling and Epigenetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While mutations resulting in the chronic activation of signaling pathways drive human cancer, the epigenetic state of a cell ultimately dictates the biological response to any given oncogenic signal. Moreover, large-scale genomic sequencing efforts have now identified a plethora of mutations in chromatin regulatory genes in human tumors, which can amplify, modify, or complement traditional oncogenic events. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of oncogenic and epigenetic defects appears to create novel therapeutic vulnerabilities, which can be targeted by specific drug combinations. Here we discuss general mechanisms by which oncogenic and epigenetic alterations cooperate in human cancer and synthesize the field's early efforts in developing promising therapeutic combinations. Collectively, these studies reveal common themes underlying potential chemical synthetic lethal interactions and support both the expansion and refinement of this type of therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Guerra
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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30
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Valencia AM, Kadoch C. Chromatin regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:152-161. [PMID: 30602726 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past several decades has unmasked a major contribution of disrupted chromatin regulatory processes to human disease, particularly cancer. Advances in genome-wide technologies have highlighted frequent mutations in genes encoding chromatin-associated proteins, identified unexpected synthetic lethal opportunities and enabled increasingly comprehensive structural and functional dissection. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of oncogenic mechanisms at each level of chromatin organization and regulation, and discuss new strategies towards therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo M Valencia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Different roles of E proteins in t(8;21) leukemia: E2-2 compromises the function of AETFC and negatively regulates leukemogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:890-899. [PMID: 30593567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809327116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AML1-ETO fusion protein, generated by the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation, is causally involved in nearly 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. In leukemic cells, AML1-ETO resides in and functions through a stable protein complex, AML1-ETO-containing transcription factor complex (AETFC), that contains multiple transcription (co)factors. Among these AETFC components, HEB and E2A, two members of the ubiquitously expressed E proteins, directly interact with AML1-ETO, confer new DNA-binding capacity to AETFC, and are essential for leukemogenesis. However, the third E protein, E2-2, is specifically silenced in AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic cells, suggesting E2-2 as a negative factor of leukemogenesis. Indeed, ectopic expression of E2-2 selectively inhibits the growth of AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic cells, and this inhibition requires the bHLH DNA-binding domain. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses reveal that, despite some overlap, the three E proteins differentially regulate many target genes. In particular, studies show that E2-2 both redistributes AETFC to, and activates, some genes associated with dendritic cell differentiation and represses MYC target genes. In AML patients, the expression of E2-2 is relatively lower in the t(8;21) subtype, and an E2-2 target gene, THPO, is identified as a potential predictor of relapse. In a mouse model of human t(8;21) leukemia, E2-2 suppression accelerates leukemogenesis. Taken together, these results reveal that, in contrast to HEB and E2A, which facilitate AML1-ETO-mediated leukemogenesis, E2-2 compromises the function of AETFC and negatively regulates leukemogenesis. The three E proteins thus define a heterogeneity of AETFC, which improves our understanding of the precise mechanism of leukemogenesis and assists development of diagnostic/therapeutic strategies.
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Methylation-associated silencing of BASP1 contributes to leukemogenesis in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-8. [PMID: 29674693 PMCID: PMC5938046 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The AML1-ETO fusion protein (A/E), which results from the t(8;21) translocation, is considered to be a leukemia-initiating event. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic activity of A/E remains a major challenge. In this study, we identified a specific down-regulation of brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A/E recognized AML1-binding sites and recruited DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) to the BASP1 promoter sequence, which triggered DNA methylation-mediated silencing of BASP1. Ectopic expression of BASP1 inhibited proliferation and the colony-forming ability of A/E-positive AML cell lines and led to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The DNMT inhibitor decitabine up-regulated the expression of BASP1 in A/E-positive AML cell lines. In conclusion, our data suggest that BASP1 silencing via promoter methylation may be involved in A/E-mediated leukemogenesis and that BASP1 targeting may be an actionable therapeutic strategy in t(8;21) AML. A chromosomal rearrangement commonly observed in certain leukemias selectively inactivates a gene that otherwise thwarts cancerous growth. Between 7 and 12% of acute myeloid leukemia cases exhibit a dramatic alteration in chromosomal structure that results in the production of an abnormal fusion protein. Researchers led by Li Yu at the General Hospital of Shenzen University in China have learned that this protein promotes disease progression by switching off an important tumor suppressor. Yu and colleagues showed that it binds a genomic sequence that regulates the gene encoding a second protein called BASP1, dramatically reducing its production. This gene silencing facilitates tumor growth. Chemicals that reactivated BASP1 production slowed proliferation and initiated ‘self-destruct’ mechanisms in leukemia cells. These findings suggest that BASP1-oriented therapies could offer a fruitful avenue of treatment for some patients.
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Gentner E, Vegi NM, Mulaw MA, Mandal T, Bamezai S, Claus R, Tasdogan A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Grunenberg A, Döhner K, Döhner H, Bullinger L, Haferlach T, Buske C, Rawat VPS, Feuring-Buske M. VENTX induces expansion of primitive erythroid cells and contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86889-86901. [PMID: 27888632 PMCID: PMC5349961 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes are key regulators in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The human Vent-like homeobox gene VENTX, a putative homolog of the Xenopus laevis Xvent-2 gene, was shown to be highly expressed in normal myeloid cells and in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We now demonstrate that constitutive expression of VENTX suppresses expression of genes responsible for terminal erythroid differentiation in normal CD34+ stem and progenitor cells. Transplantation of bone marrow progenitor cells retrovirally engineered to express VENTX caused massive expansion of primitive erythroid cells and partly acute erythroleukemia in transplanted mice. The leukemogenic potential of VENTX was confirmed in the AML1-ETO transplantation model, as in contrast to AML1-ETO alone co-expression of AML1-ETO and VENTX induced acute myeloid leukemia, partly expressing erythroid markers, in all transplanted mice. VENTX was highly expressed in patients with primary human erythroleukemias and knockdown of VENTX in the erythroleukemic HEL cell line significantly blocked cell growth. In summary, these data indicate that VENTX is able to perturb erythroid differentiation and to contribute to myeloid leukemogenesis when co-expressed with appropriate AML oncogenes and point to its potential significance as a novel therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gentner
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Naidu M Vegi
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamoghna Mandal
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shiva Bamezai
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Grunenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vijay P S Rawat
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Khera R, Ahmed F, Mundada MC, Devi SG, Murthy SS, Lavanya N, Rajappa SJ, Mallavarapu KM, Santa A. Multiplex Approach in Classification, Diagnosis, and Prognostication in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An Experience from Tertiary Cancer Center in South India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017; 38:266-272. [PMID: 29200671 PMCID: PMC5686964 DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_89_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of disorders classified as per FAB subtypes and more recently by WHO by underlying genetic abnormalities. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in around 200 patients of AML diagnosed over a period of 7 years at our institute and to determine relative frequency of various subtypes (based on FAB and WHO classification). An attempt to characterize the associations between hematological parameters, immunophenotype and these subtypes was also made. Materials and Methods: All cases diagnosed as AML on morphology, cytochemistry and/or immunophenotyping and tested for recurrent genetic abnormalities during period of Jan 2008-July 2014 were included in the study. Results: Age of presentation was younger in our AML patients as compared to western literature. Amongst FAB and WHO subtypes, M2 and t (15;17) PML-RARA were the most common groups respectively. As expected, CD33, CD13, were the most commonly expressed markers followed by HLA-DR, CD117, CD34 and CD14. Aberrant expression was seen in 62(41.6%) cases, most common was CD7 (15.4%), followed by CD56 (14.8%), CD19 (6.7%) and CD2 (4.7%). Significant associations between immunophenotypic markers and FAB subtypes as well as WHO subtypes were established. Conclusion: This is a hospital based study, giving a detailed account of frequencies of AML subtypes, hematological parameters and immunophenotypic markers in AML patients at our institute. Being a large and one of its kind study to establish significant associations between various haematological and immunophenotypic parameters with respective AML subtypes and genetic abnormalities, it might prove to be very useful in Indian setup where facilities for cytogenetic analysis are not available in many laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Khera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Faiq Ahmed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manasi Chetan Mundada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandhya G Devi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sudha S Murthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nambaru Lavanya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Senthil J Rajappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Mallavarapu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A Santa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Potts KS, Bowman TV. Modeling Myeloid Malignancies Using Zebrafish. Front Oncol 2017; 7:297. [PMID: 29255698 PMCID: PMC5722844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human myeloid malignancies represent a substantial disease burden to individuals, with significant morbidity and death. The genetic underpinnings of disease formation and progression remain incompletely understood. Large-scale human population studies have identified a high frequency of potential driver mutations in spliceosomal and epigenetic regulators that contribute to malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and leukemias. The high conservation of cell types and genes between humans and model organisms permits the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of leukemic development and potential therapeutic testing in genetically pliable pre-clinical systems. Due to the many technical advantages, such as large-scale screening, lineage-tracing studies, tumor transplantation, and high-throughput drug screening approaches, zebrafish is emerging as a model system for myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MDS and leukemia using the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Potts
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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36
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Distinct mechanisms of regulation of the ITGA6 and ITGB4 genes by RUNX1 in myeloid cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3439-3453. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ghasemian Sorbeni F, Montazersaheb S, Ansarin A, Esfahani A, Rezamand A, Sakhinia E. Molecular analysis of more than 140 gene fusion variants and aberrant activation of EVI1 and TLX1 in hematological malignancies. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1605-1623. [PMID: 28779353 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusions are observed in abnormal chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations in hematopoietic malignancies, especially leukemia subtypes. Hence, it is critical to obtain correct information about these rearrangements in order to apply proper treatment techniques. To identify abnormal molecular changes in patients with leukemia, we developed a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MRT-PCR) protocol and investigated more than 140 gene fusions resulting from variations of 29 prevalent chromosomal rearrangements along with EVI1 and TLX1 oncogenic expression in the presence of optimized primers. The potential of the MRT-PCR method was approved by evaluating the available cell lines as positive control and confirmed by sequencing. Samples from 53 patients afflicted with hematopoiesis malignancies were analyzed. Results revealed at least one chromosomal rearrangement in 69% of acute myeloid leukemia subjects, 64% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia subjects, and 81% of chronic myeloid leukemia subjects, as well as a subject with hypereosinophilic syndrome. Also, five novel fusion variants were detected. Results of this study also showed that chromosomal rearrangements, both alone and in conjunction with other rearrangements, are involved in leukemogenesis. Moreover, it was found that EVI1 is a suitable hallmark for hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atefeh Ansarin
- Tabriz Genetic Analysis Center (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azim Rezamand
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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38
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Qing Y, Gerson SL. Mismatch repair deficient hematopoietic stem cells are preleukemic stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182175. [PMID: 28767666 PMCID: PMC5540588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas transformation events in hematopoietic malignancies may occur at different developmental stages, the initial mutation originates in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), creating a preleukemic stem cell (PLSC). Subsequent mutations at either stem cell or progenitor cell levels transform the PLSC into lymphoma/leukemia initiating cells (LIC). Thymic lymphomas have been thought to develop from developing thymocytes. T cell progenitors are generated from HSCs in the bone marrow (BM), but maturation and proliferation of T cells as well as T-lymphomagenesis depends on both regulatory mechanisms and microenvironment within the thymus. We studied PLSC linked to thymic lymphomas. In this study, we use MSH2-/- mice as a model to investigate the existence of PLSC and the evolution of PLSC to LIC. Following BM transplantation, we found that MSH2-/- BM cells from young mice are able to fully reconstitute multiple hematopoietic lineages of lethally irradiated wild-type recipients. However, all recipients developed thymic lymphomas within three and four months post transplantation. Transplantation of different fractions of BM cells or thymocytes from young health MSH2-/- mice showed that an HSC enriched fraction always reconstituted hematopoiesis followed by lymphoma development. In addition, lymphomas did not occur in thymectomized recipients of MSH2-/- BM. These results suggest that HSCs with DNA repair defects such as MSH2-/- are PLSCs because they retain hematopoietic function, but also carry an obligate lymphomagenic potential within their T-cell progeny that is dependent on the thymic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Qing
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stanton L. Gerson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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40
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Peptide microarray profiling identifies phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) as a potential target for t(8;21) AML. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67344-67354. [PMID: 28978037 PMCID: PMC5620177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(8;21) (q22;q22) chromosomal translocation is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which has a need for improved therapeutic strategies. We found PLC-γ1 as one of the highest phosphorylated peptides in t(8;21) AML samples compared to NBM or CN-AML in our previous peptide microarray. PLC-γ1 is known to play a role in cancer progression, however, the impact of PLC-γ1 in AML is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to study the functional role of PLC-γ1 by investigating the cellular growth, survival and its underlying mechanism in t(8;21) AML. In this study, PLC-γ1 expression was significantly higher in t(8;21) AML compared to other karyotypes. The PLC-γ1 protein expression was suppressed in AML1-ETO knock down cells indicating that it might induce kasumi-1 cell death. ShRNA-mediated PLC-γ1 knockdown in kasumi-1 cells significantly blocked cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest which was explained by the increased activation of apoptotic related and cell cycle regulatory protein expressions. Gene expression array analysis showed the up-regulation of apoptotic and DNA damage response genes together with the downregulation of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation genes in the PLC-γ1 suppressed kasumi-1 cells, consistent with the observed phenotypic effects. Importantly, PLC-γ1 suppressed kasumi-1 cells showed higher chemosensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug treatments and lower cell proliferation upon hypoxic stress. Taken together, these in vitro finding strongly support an important role for PLC-γ1 in the survival of t(8;21) AML mimicking kasumi-1 cells and identify PLC-γ1 as a potential therapeutic target for t(8;21) AML treatment.
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Spirin P, Lebedev T, Orlova N, Morozov A, Poymenova N, Dmitriev SE, Buzdin A, Stocking C, Kovalchuk O, Prassolov V. Synergistic suppression of t(8;21)-positive leukemia cell growth by combining oridonin and MAPK1/ERK2 inhibitors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56991-57002. [PMID: 28915648 PMCID: PMC5593619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia is t(8;21)(q22;q22), which results in the appearance of abnormal transcripts encoding for the fusion protein RUNX1-ETO. Therefore, this oncoprotein is considered to be a pertinent and promising target for treating t(8;21) leukemia. Previously, we have shown that downregulation of RUNX1-ETO leads to activation of intracellular signaling pathways enhancing cell survival and determined that the protein ERK2 can mediate activation of most of these pathways. Here we used a combination of oridonin (natural tetracycline diterpenoid), which has been shown to exhibit anti-RUNX1-ETO activity, and ERK2 kinase inhibitors. We found that treatment of leukemic t(8;21)-positive Kasumi-1 cells with oridonin cause decrease of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Treatment of these cells with ERK2 inhibitors makes them more sensitive to RUNX1-ETO inhibition with oridonin. Therefore we postulate that simultaneous inhibition of RUNX1-ETO and ERK2 cause synergistic effect on survival of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Orlova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Poymenova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Carol Stocking
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- OncoFinder Ltd, Lethbridge, AB T1K7×8, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Chen J, Herlong FH, Stroehlein JR, Mishra L. Mutations of Chromatin Structure Regulating Genes in Human Malignancies. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2017; 17:411-37. [PMID: 26796307 PMCID: PMC5403969 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160122120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin structure regulating processes mediated by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) –dependent chromatin remodeling complex and the covalent histone-modifying complexes are critical to gene transcriptional control and normal cellular processes, including cell stemness, differentiation, and proliferation. Gene mutations, structural abnormalities, and epigenetic modifications that lead to aberrant expression of chromatin structure regulating members have been observed in most of human malignancies. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in recent years have allowed in-depth study of somatic mutations in human cancer samples. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is the largest effort to date to characterize cancer genome using NGS technology. In this review, we summarize somatic mutations of chromatin-structure regulating genes from TCGA publications and other cancer genome studies, providing an overview of genomic alterations of chromatin regulating genes in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Zhao S, Wu Y, Gao H, Evans A, Zeng SM. Roles of interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein in bovine embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1209-1216. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of several proteins induced by conceptus-derived Type I or II IFNs in the uterus, and is implicated as an important factor in determining uterine receptivity to embryos in ruminants. But little is known about the role the ISG15 gene or gene product plays during embryo development. In the present study, both the expression profile and function of ISG15 were investigated in early bovine embryos in vitro. ISG15 mRNA was detectable in Day 0, 2, 6 and 8 bovine embryos, but IFN-τ (IFNT) mRNA only appeared from Day 6. This means that embryonic expression of ISG15 on Days 0 and 2 was not induced by embryonic IFNT. However, ISG15 mRNA expression paralleled the expression of IFNT mRNA in Day 6 and 8 embryos. ISG15–lentivirus interference plasmid (ISG15i) was injected into 2-cell embryos to knockdown ISG15 expression. This resulted in decreases in the proportion of hatching blastocysts, the diameter of blastocysts and cell number per diameter of blastocysts compared with control embryos. In addition, ISG15i inhibited IFNT, Ets2 (E26 oncogene homolog 2) mRNA and connexion 43 protein expression in Day 8 blastocysts, whereas exogenous IFNT treatment (100 ng mL–1, from Day 4 to Day 8) improved ISG15 mRNA and connexion 43 protein expression. In conclusion, it appears that ISG15 is involved in early bovine embryo development and that it regulates IFNT expression in the blastocyst.
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Covalent Modifications of RUNX Proteins: Structure Affects Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:33-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Willis RE. Targeted Cancer Therapy: Vital Oncogenes and a New Molecular Genetic Paradigm for Cancer Initiation Progression and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091552. [PMID: 27649156 PMCID: PMC5037825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been declared repeatedly that cancer is a result of molecular genetic abnormalities. However, there has been no working model describing the specific functional consequences of the deranged genomic processes that result in the initiation and propagation of the cancer process during carcinogenesis. We no longer need to question whether or not cancer arises as a result of a molecular genetic defect within the cancer cell. The legitimate questions are: how and why? This article reviews the preeminent data on cancer molecular genetics and subsequently proposes that the sentinel event in cancer initiation is the aberrant production of fused transcription activators with new molecular properties within normal tissue stem cells. This results in the production of vital oncogenes with dysfunctional gene activation transcription properties, which leads to dysfunctional gene regulation, the aberrant activation of transduction pathways, chromosomal breakage, activation of driver oncogenes, reactivation of stem cell transduction pathways and the activation of genes that result in the hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, a novel holistic molecular genetic model of cancer initiation and progression is presented along with a new paradigm for the approach to personalized targeted cancer therapy, clinical monitoring and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph E Willis
- OncoStem Biotherapeutics LLC, 423 W 127th St., New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Vegi NM, Klappacher J, Oswald F, Mulaw MA, Mandoli A, Thiel VN, Bamezai S, Feder K, Martens JHA, Rawat VPS, Mandal T, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Spiekermann K, Hiddemann W, Döhner K, Döhner H, Stunnenberg HG, Feuring-Buske M, Buske C. MEIS2 Is an Oncogenic Partner in AML1-ETO-Positive AML. Cell Rep 2016; 16:498-507. [PMID: 27346355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes are known to be key factors in leukemogenesis. Although the TALE family homeodomain factor Meis1 has been linked to malignancy, a role for MEIS2 is less clear. Here, we demonstrate that MEIS2 is expressed at high levels in patients with AML1-ETO-positive acute myeloid leukemia and that growth of AML1-ETO-positive leukemia depends on MEIS2 expression. In mice, MEIS2 collaborates with AML1-ETO to induce acute myeloid leukemia. MEIS2 binds strongly to the Runt domain of AML1-ETO, indicating a direct interaction between these transcription factors. High expression of MEIS2 impairs repressive DNA binding of AML1-ETO, inducing increased expression of genes such as the druggable proto-oncogene YES1. Collectively, these data describe a pivotal role for MEIS2 in AML1-ETO-induced leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu M Vegi
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Klappacher
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Verena N Thiel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shiva Bamezai
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristin Feder
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vijay P S Rawat
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamoghna Mandal
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Core Facility Genomics, Medical Faculty Ulm, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Schütte J, Wang H, Antoniou S, Jarratt A, Wilson NK, Riepsaame J, Calero-Nieto FJ, Moignard V, Basilico S, Kinston SJ, Hannah RL, Chan MC, Nürnberg ST, Ouwehand WH, Bonzanni N, de Bruijn MF, Göttgens B. An experimentally validated network of nine haematopoietic transcription factors reveals mechanisms of cell state stability. eLife 2016; 5:e11469. [PMID: 26901438 PMCID: PMC4798972 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF) networks determine cell-type identity by establishing and maintaining lineage-specific expression profiles, yet reconstruction of mammalian regulatory network models has been hampered by a lack of comprehensive functional validation of regulatory interactions. Here, we report comprehensive ChIP-Seq, transgenic and reporter gene experimental data that have allowed us to construct an experimentally validated regulatory network model for haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Model simulation coupled with subsequent experimental validation using single cell expression profiling revealed potential mechanisms for cell state stabilisation, and also how a leukaemogenic TF fusion protein perturbs key HSPC regulators. The approach presented here should help to improve our understanding of both normal physiological and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schütte
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Huange Wang
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Antoniou
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jarratt
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Riepsaame
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Basilico
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Kinston
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Hannah
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mun Chiang Chan
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia T Nürnberg
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Bonzanni
- IBIVU Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marella Ftr de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Stahl M, Gore SD, Vey N, Prebet T. Lost in translation? Ten years of development of histone deacetylase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:307-17. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1146251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Arvidsson Y, Johanson V, Pfragner R, Wängberg B, Nilsson O. Cytotoxic Effects of Valproic Acid on Neuroendocrine Tumour Cells. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:578-91. [PMID: 26505883 DOI: 10.1159/000441849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate lysine acetylation on histones and are frequently deregulated in cancer. HDAC inhibitors with potent anti-tumour effects have been developed and are now being tested in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of class I and class IIa HDACs, on neuroendocrine tumour (NET) cell growth. METHODS Three NET cell lines, GOT1 (small intestinal), KRJ-I (small intestinal), and BON (pancreatic), were treated with VPA and examined with respect to cell viability, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and global transcriptional response. RESULTS We found that VPA induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition of NET cells in vitro, which was mainly due to activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. VPA induced a major transcriptional response by altering the expression of 16-19% of the protein-coding genes in NET cell lines. Pathway analysis allowed the prediction of alterations in key regulatory pathways, e.g. activation of TGF-β1, FOXO3, p53 signalling, and inhibition of MYC signalling. Analysis of GOT1 xenografts showed reduced growth and reduced Ki-67 index, as well as an increase in apoptosis and necrosis after VPA treatment. CONCLUSIONS We found that VPA treatment has a cytotoxic effect on NET cells of intestinal and pancreatic origin. There are several mechanisms by which VPA kills NET cells, which suggests the possibility of combination therapy. We propose that epigenetic therapy with HDAC inhibitors should be evaluated further in patients with NET disease.
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50
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Wang Z, Lv Y, Xia J, Shi H, Wang W, Zhou Y. Macrocalyxin A inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of t (8;21) leukemia cells through mitochondrial signaling pathways and regulates AML-ETO mRNA expression. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3537-3542. [PMID: 26016618 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in the last decade has improved the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the treatment of AML is also demanding and better treatments are required. The present study aimed to examine the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of macrocalyxin A (MA), a novel deterpenid compound, on AML cells. It was identified that MA significantly inhibits kasumi‑1 cell proliferation in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, low concentrations of MA were able to induce kasumi‑1 cell differentiation; however, high concentrations of MA induced kasumi‑1 cell apoptosis. MA was also able to increase the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein in a dose‑dependent manner while the ∆Ψm was reduced. Additionally, Bad expression in kasumi‑1 cells was increased when treated with MA, indicating that the intrinsic apoptotic pathway may be important in MA‑induced kasumi‑1 cell apoptosis, where the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is opened and the ΔΨm is reduced. In addition, it was demonstrated that AML‑ETO mRNA may also be important in MA‑induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hao Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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