1
|
Confuorti C, Jaramillo M, Plante I. Hormonal regulation of miRNA during mammary gland development. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060308. [PMID: 38712984 PMCID: PMC11190577 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a unique organ as most of its development occurs after birth through stages of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis that are tightly regulated by circulating hormones and growth factors. Throughout development, hormonal cues induce the regulation of different pathways, ultimately leading to differential transcription and expression of genes involved in this process, but also in the activation or inhibition of post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the different phases of mammary gland remodeling is still poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to analyze the expression of miRNA in key stages of mammary gland development in mice and to determine whether it could be associated with hormonal variation between stages. To do so, miRNAs were isolated from mouse mammary glands at stages of adulthood, pregnancy, lactation and involution, and sequenced. Results showed that 490, 473, 419, and 460 miRNAs are detected in adult, pregnant, lactating and involuting mice, respectively, most of them being common to all four groups, and 58 unique to one stage. Most genes could be divided into six clusters of expression, including two encompassing the highest number of miRNA (clusters 1 and 3) and showing opposite profiles of expression, reaching a peak at adulthood and valley at lactation, or showing the lowest expression at adulthood and peaking at lactation. GO and KEGG analyses suggest that the miRNAs differentially expressed between stages influence the expression of targets associated with mammary gland homeostasis and hormone regulation. To further understand the links between miRNA expression and hormones involved in mammary gland development, miRNAs were then sequenced in breast cells exposed to estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin. Four, 38, 24 and 66 miRNAs were associated with progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, and oxytocin exposure, respectively. Finally, when looking at miRNAs modulated by the hormones, differentially expressed during mammary gland development, and having a pattern of expression that could be correlated with the relative levels of hormones known to be found in vivo, 16 miRNAs were identified as likely regulated by circulating hormones. Overall, our study brings a better understanding of the regulation of miRNAs throughout mammary gland development and suggests that there is a relationship between their expression and the main hormones involved in mammary gland development. Future studies will examine this role more in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Confuorti
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Maritza Jaramillo
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seo M, Choi J, Park J, Yu WJ, Kim S. Computational modeling approaches for developing a synergistic effect prediction model of estrogen agonistic activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140926. [PMID: 38092168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The concerns regarding the potential health threats caused by estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their mixtures manufactured by the chemical industry are increasing worldwide. Conventional experimental tests for understanding the estrogenic activity of mixtures are expensive and time-consuming. Although non-testing methods using computational modeling approaches have been developed to reduce the number of traditional tests, they are unsuitable for predicting synergistic effects because current prediction models consider only a single chemical. Thus, the development of predictive models is essential for predicting the mixture toxicity, including chemical interactions. However, selecting suitable computational modeling approaches to develop a high-performance prediction model requires considerable time and effort. In this study, we provide a suitable computational approach to develop a predictive model for the synergistic effects of estrogenic activity. We collected datasets on mixture toxicity based on the synergistic effect of estrogen agonistic activity in binary mixtures. Using the model deviation ratio approach, we classified the labels of the binary mixtures as synergistic or non-synergistic effects. We assessed five molecular descriptors, four machine learning-based algorithms, and a deep learning-based algorithm to provide a suitable computational modeling approach. Compared with other modeling approaches, the prediction model using the deep learning-based algorithm and chemical-protein network descriptors exhibited the best performance in predicting the synergistic effects. In conclusion, we developed a new high-performance binary classification model using a deep neural network and chemical-protein network-based descriptors. The developed model will be helpful for the preliminary screening of the synergistic effects of binary mixtures during the development process of chemical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myungwon Seo
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongseo Park
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wook-Joon Yu
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szukiewicz D. Insight into the Potential Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption by Dietary Phytoestrogens in the Context of the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12195. [PMID: 37569571 PMCID: PMC10418522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PEs) are estrogen-like nonsteroidal compounds derived from plants (e.g., nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) and fungi that are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol. PEs bind to all types of estrogen receptors, including ERα and ERβ receptors, nuclear receptors, and a membrane-bound estrogen receptor known as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with pro- or antiestrogenic properties, PEs can potentially disrupt the hormonal regulation of homeostasis, resulting in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. However, a lack of PEs in the diet does not result in the development of deficiency symptoms. To properly assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of a PE-rich diet, it is necessary to distinguish between endocrine disruption (endocrine-mediated adverse effects) and nonspecific effects on the endocrine system. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus with subsequent complications being manifested as a result of local inflammatory reactions. Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. In this review, the endocrine-disruptive actions of PEs are reviewed in the context of endometriosis to determine whether a PE-rich diet has a positive or negative effect on the risk and course of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan J, Yang J, Xu X, Wang Z, Jiang Z, Ye Z, Ren Y, Wang Q, Wang T. Bisphenol A (BPA) Directly Activates the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 and Triggers the Metabolic Disruption in the Gonadal Tissue of Apostichopus japonicus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:798. [PMID: 37372083 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is a marine benthic organism that feeds on small benthic particulate matter and is easily affected by pollutants. Bisphenol A (BPA, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) has been identified as an endocrine disruptor. It is ubiquitously detectable in oceans and affects a variety of marine animals. It functions as an estrogen analog and typically causes reproductive toxicity by interfering with the endocrine system. To comparatively analyze the reproductive effects of estradiol (E2) and BPA on sea cucumbers, we identified a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in A. japonicus and investigated its effects on reproduction. The results showed that BPA and E2 exposure activated A. japonicus AjGPER1, thereby mediating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. High-level expression of AjGPER1 in the ovarian tissue was confirmed by qPCR. Furthermore, metabolic changes were induced by 100 nM (22.83 μg/L) BPA exposure in the ovarian tissue, leading to a notable increase in the activities of trehalase and phosphofructokinase. Overall, our findings suggest that AjGPER1 is directly activated by BPA and affects sea cucumber reproduction by disrupting ovarian tissue metabolism, suggesting that marine pollutants pose a threat to the conservation of sea cucumber resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiuwen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zexianghua Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhijing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhiqing Ye
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yucheng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masenga SK, Mweene BC, Luwaya E, Muchaili L, Chona M, Kirabo A. HIV-Host Cell Interactions. Cells 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 37408185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells and prolonging life. However, an effective treatment has remained elusive for four decades due to the successful immune evasion mechanisms of the virus. A thorough understanding of the molecular interaction of HIV with the host cell is essential in the development of both preventive and curative therapies for HIV infection. This review highlights several inherent mechanisms of HIV that promote its survival and propagation, such as the targeting of CD4+ lymphocytes, the downregulation of MHC class I and II, antigenic variation and an envelope complex that minimizes antibody access, and how they collaboratively render the immune system unable to mount an effective response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Bislom C Mweene
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Luwaya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Lweendo Muchaili
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Makondo Chona
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim M, Kim SJ, Ha SY, Xu Z, Han Y, Jee HG, Cho SW, Park YJ, Lee KE. BRAFV600E Mutation Enhances Estrogen-Induced Metastatic Potential of Thyroid Cancer by Regulating the Expression of Estrogen Receptors. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:879-890. [PMID: 36604958 PMCID: PMC9816508 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Cross-talk between mitogen-activated protein kinase and estrogen has been reported; however, the role of BRAFV600E in the estrogen responsiveness of thyroid cancer is unknown. We elucidated the effect of BRAFV600E on the estrogen-induced increase in metastatic potential in thyroid cancer. METHODS Using a pair of cell lines, human thyroid cell lines which harbor wild type BRAF gene (Nthy/WT) and Nthy/BRAFV600E (Nthy/V600E), the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and estrogen-induced metastatic phenotypes were evaluated. Susceptibility to ERα- and ERβ-selective agents was evaluated to confirm differential ER expression. ESR expression was analyzed according to BRAFV600E status and age (≤50 years vs. >50 years) using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. RESULTS Estradiol increased the ERα/ERβ expression ratio in Nthy/V600E, whereas the decreased ERα/ERβ expression ratio was found in Nthy/WT. BRAFV600E-mutated cell lines showed a higher E2-induced increase in metastatic potential, including migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth compared with Nthy/WT. An ERα antagonist significantly inhibited migration in Nthy/V600E cells, whereas an ERβ agonist was more effective in Nthy/WT. In the BRAFV600E group, ESR1/ESR2 ratio was significantly higher in younger age group (≤50 years) compared with older age group (>50 years) by TCGA data analysis. CONCLUSION Our data show that BRAFV600E mutation plays a crucial role in the estrogen responsiveness of thyroid cancer by regulating ER expression. Therefore, BRAFV600E might be used as a biomarker when deciding future hormone therapies based on estrogen signaling in thyroid cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Su-jin Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Su-jin Kim. Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-7208, Fax: +82-2-2072-3975 E-mail:
| | - Seong Yun Ha
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zhen Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gun Jee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park Y, Cho YJ, Sung N, Park MJ, Guan X, Gibbons WE, O’Malley BW, Han SJ. Oleuropein suppresses endometriosis progression and improves the fertility of mice with endometriosis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:100. [PMID: 36419064 PMCID: PMC9682776 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory reproductive disease. Therefore, systematic estrogen depletion and anti-inflammatory drugs are the current treatment for endometriosis. However, current endometriosis treatments have low efficacy and cause adverse effects in endometriosis patients. Consequently, alternative endometriosis treatments targeting endometriosis-specific factors are in demand. In this context, ERβ was selected as a druggable target for endometriosis due to its critical role in progression. Therefore, selective targeting of ERβ without inhibiting ERα activity would be a new paradigm for endometriosis treatment to overcome the low efficacy and adverse effects of hormonal endometriosis therapy. METHODS Cell-based ERβ and ERα activity assay systems were employed to define a selective ERβ-inhibiting chemical product from a library of natural products. A surgically induced endometriosis mouse model was used to determine whether an ERβ inhibitory drug suppressed endometriosis progression. Mice with endometriosis were randomly separated and then orally treated with vehicle or 25 mg/kg oleuropein (once a day for 21 days), an ERβ inhibitory drug. The volume of endometriotic lesions or luciferase activity of endometriotic lesions was examined to define the growth of ectopic lesions in mice with endometriosis. The metabolite and levels of metabolic enzymes of the liver and kidney were determined in the serum of female mice treated with vehicle and oleuropein (25 mg/kg, once a day for 21 days) to define the toxicity of oleuropein. The in vitro decidualization assay was conducted with normal human endometrial stromal cells and endometriotic stromal cells to determine whether oleuropein overcomes decidualization in endometriosis patients. The pregnancy rate and pup numbers of C57BL/6 J female mice with endometriosis treated with vehicle or oleuropein (n = 10/group) were determined after mating with male mice. The cytokine profile in endometriotic lesions treated with vehicle and oleuropein (25 mg/kg) was determined with a Mouse Cytokine Array Kit. RESULTS Among natural products, oleuropein selectively inhibited ERβ but not ERα activity in vitro. Oleuropein treatment inhibited the nuclear localization of ERβ in human endometrial cells upon estradiol treatment. Oleuropein (25 mg/kg) treatment suppressed the growth of mouse (6.6-fold) and human (sixfold) ectopic lesions in mice with endometriosis compared to the vehicle by inhibiting proliferation and activating apoptosis in endometriotic lesions. Oleuropein treatment did not cause reproductive toxicity in female mice. Additionally, mice with endometriosis subjected to oleuropein treatment had a higher pregnancy rate (100%) than vehicle-treated mice (70%). Furthermore, oleuropein treatment partially recovered the decidualization impact of human endometriotic stromal cells from endometriotic lesions compared to the vehicle. Oleuropein-treated mice with endometriosis exhibited significantly lower levels of cytokines directly regulated by ERβ in ectopic lesions than vehicle-treated mice, illustrating the improvement in the hyperinflammatory state of mice with endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Oleuropein is a promising and novel nutraceutical product for nonhormonal therapy of endometriosis because it selectively inhibits ERβ, but not ERα, to suppress endometriosis progression and improve the fertility of mice with endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Park
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yeon Jean Cho
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,Present Address: Samsung Jeil Woman’s Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Sung
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mi Jin Park
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xiaoming Guan
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - William E. Gibbons
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jang D, Lee E, Lee S, Kwon Y, Kang KS, Kim CE, Kim D. System-level investigation of anti-obesity effects and the potential pathways of Cordyceps militaris in ovariectomized rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:132. [PMID: 35550138 PMCID: PMC9102749 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps species have been used as tonics to enhance energy, stamina, and libido in traditional Asian medicine for more than 1600 years, indicating their potential for improving reproductive hormone disorders and energy metabolic diseases. Among Cordyceps, Cordyceps militaris has been reported to prevent metabolic syndromes including obesity and benefit the reproductive hormone system, suggesting that Cordyceps militaris can also regulate obesity induced by the menopause. We investigated the effectiveness of Cordyceps militaris extraction (CME) on menopausal obesity and its mechanisms. METHODS We applied an approach combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods. Ovariectomized rats were administrated CME, and their body weight, area of adipocytes, liver and uterus weight, and lipid levels were measured. Next, after the exposure of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to CME, cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were measured. Finally, network pharmacological methods were applied to predict the anti-obesity mechanisms of CME. RESULTS CME prevented overweight, fat accumulation, liver hypertrophy, and lowered triglyceride levels, some of which were improved in a dose-dependent manner. In MCF-7 cell lines, CME showed not only estrogen receptor agonistic activity through an increase in cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of estrogen receptors, but also phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and p38. In the network pharmacological analysis, bioactive compounds of CME such as cordycepin, adenine, and guanosine were predicted to interact with non-overlapping genes. The targeted genes were related to the insulin signaling pathway, insulin resistance, the MARK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CME has anti-obesity effects in menopause and estrogenic agonistic activity. Compounds in CME have the potential to regulate obesity-related and menopause-related pathways. This study will contribute to developing the understanding of anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of Cordyceps militaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea
| | - Yongsam Kwon
- Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Yongin, 17073, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea.
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Epigenetic Factors as Etiological Agents, Diagnostic Markers, and Therapeutic Targets for Luminal Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040748. [PMID: 35453496 PMCID: PMC9031900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer, an etiologically heterogeneous disease, is characterized by high steroid hormone receptor activity and aberrant gene expression profiles. Endocrine therapy and chemotherapy are promising therapeutic approaches to mitigate breast cancer proliferation and recurrence. However, the treatment of therapy-resistant breast cancer is a major challenge. Recent studies on breast cancer etiology have revealed the critical roles of epigenetic factors in luminal breast cancer tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Tumorigenic epigenetic factor-induced aberrant chromatin dynamics dysregulate the onset of gene expression and consequently promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. Epigenetic dysregulation, a type of somatic mutation, is a high-risk factor for breast cancer progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, epigenetic modulators alone or in combination with other therapies are potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer. Several clinical trials have analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of potential epi-drugs for breast cancer and reported beneficial clinical outcomes, including inhibition of tumor cell adhesion and invasiveness and mitigation of endocrine therapy resistance. This review focuses on recent findings on the mechanisms of epigenetic factors in the progression of luminal breast cancer. Additionally, recent findings on the potential of epigenetic factors as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Altwegg KA, Vadlamudi RK. Role of estrogen receptor coregulators in endocrine resistant breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:385-400. [PMID: 34528025 PMCID: PMC8439438 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most ubiquitous cancer in women. Approximately 70–80% of BC diagnoses are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα). The steroid hormone estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] plays a vital role both in the initiation and progression of BC. The E2-ERα mediated actions involve genomic signaling and non-genomic signaling. The specificity and magnitude of ERα signaling are mediated by interactions between ERα and several coregulator proteins called coactivators or corepressors. Alterations in the levels of coregulators are common during BC progression and they enhance ligand-dependent and ligand-independent ERα signaling which drives BC growth, progression, and endocrine therapy resistance. Many ERα coregulator proteins function as scaffolding proteins and some have intrinsic or associated enzymatic activities, thus the targeting of coregulators for blocking BC progression is a challenging task. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that targeting coregulators to inhibit BC progression to therapy resistance is feasible. This review explores the current state of ERα coregulator signaling and the utility of targeting the ERα coregulator axis in treating advanced BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khojasteh Poor F, Keivan M, Ramazii M, Ghaedrahmati F, Anbiyaiee A, Panahandeh S, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M. Mini review: The FDA-approved prescription drugs that target the MAPK signaling pathway in women with breast cancer. Breast Dis 2021; 40:51-62. [PMID: 33896802 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the prevalent type of malignancy among women. Multiple risk factors, including genetic changes, biological age, dense breast tissue, and obesity are associated with BC. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway has a pivotal role in regulating biological functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. It has become evident that the MAPK pathway is associated with tumorigenesis and may promote breast cancer development. The MAPK/RAS/RAF cascade is closely associated with breast cancer. RAS signaling can enhance BC cell growth and progression. B-Raf is an important kinase and a potent RAF isoform involved in breast tumor initiation and differentiation. Depending on the reasons for cancer, there are different strategies for treatment of women with BC. Till now, several FDA-approved treatments have been investigated that inhibit the MAPK pathway and reduce metastatic progression in breast cancer. The most common breast cancer drugs that regulate or inhibit the MAPK pathway may include Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), Sorafenib, Vemurafenib, PLX8394, Dabrafenib, Ulixertinib, Simvastatin, Alisertib, and Teriflunomide. In this review, we will discuss the roles of the MAPK/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in BC and summarize the FDA-approved prescription drugs that target the MAPK signaling pathway in women with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khojasteh Poor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mona Keivan
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramazii
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Panahandeh
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Joo MK, Shin S, Ye DJ, An HG, Kwon TU, Baek HS, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. Combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib induces synergistic apoptosis in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:84-94. [PMID: 33103613 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1835762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Auranofin is a gold complex used as an anti-rheumatic agent and may act as a potent anticancer drug against breast tumors. Trametinib is a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The aim of this study was to examine the synergistic effects of auranofin and trametinib on apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The combination treatment inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and apoptosis via poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase-3/7 activation. It is noteworthy that this treatment significantly increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation to induce mitochondrial stress, subsequently promoting cancer cell apoptosis through release of apoptosis-inducing factor. Further data demonstrated that combined treatment significantly induced increase in nuclear translocation of AIF. These results indicated that activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis may contribute to the synergistic consequences in MCF-7 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib exhibited synergistic breast cancer cell death and this combination might be utilized as a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Joo
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu An
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
In-silico modeling and analysis of the therapeutic potential of miRNA-7 on EGFR associated signaling network involved in breast cancer. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Çubuk C, Can FE, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J. Mechanistic Models of Signaling Pathways Reveal the Drug Action Mechanisms behind Gender-Specific Gene Expression for Cancer Treatments. Cells 2020; 9:E1579. [PMID: 32610626 PMCID: PMC7408716 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of differences in gene expression across numerous genes between males and females having been known for a long time, these have been mostly ignored in many studies, including drug development and its therapeutic use. In fact, the consequences of such differences over the disease mechanisms or the drug action mechanisms are completely unknown. Here we applied mechanistic mathematical models of signaling activity to reveal the ultimate functional consequences that gender-specific gene expression activities have over cell functionality and fate. Moreover, we also used the mechanistic modeling framework to simulate the drug interventions and unravel how drug action mechanisms are affected by gender-specific differential gene expression. Interestingly, some cancers have many biological processes significantly affected by these gender-specific differences (e.g., bladder or head and neck carcinomas), while others (e.g., glioblastoma or rectum cancer) are almost insensitive to them. We found that many of these gender-specific differences affect cancer-specific pathways or in physiological signaling pathways, also involved in cancer origin and development. Finally, mechanistic models have the potential to be used for finding alternative therapeutic interventions on the pathways targeted by the drug, which lead to similar results compensating the downstream consequences of gender-specific differences in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fatma E. Can
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620 Balatçık, Turkey
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- FPS-ELIXIR-ES, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yadav S, Barton M, Nguyen NT. Stretching Induces Overexpression of RhoA and Rac1 GTPases in Breast Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e1900222. [PMID: 32293133 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are well known for regulating cell morphology and intracellular interactions. They can either be oncogenic or tumor suppressors. However, these proteins are associated with the acquirement of malignant features by cancer cells. It has been reported that the overexpression of protein markers of Rho family members such as RhoA and Rac1 is linked with carcinogenesis and the progression of a variety of human tumors. In this paper, the expression of RhoA and Rac1 activity in various types of breast cancers cell lines is evaluated. These cells are preconditioned by mechanically stretching them to simulate the extracellular physical forces placed upon on cancer cells. It is observed that stretching the cancer cells induces significantly higher expression of RhoA and Rac1 markers when compared to non-stretched cells and stretched control cells in vitro. This stretching strategy helps to detect and quantify the signal when it is too weak to be detected. Furthermore, stretching enhances the assay by leading to overexpression of markers and makes the assay more sensitive. It is hypothesized that this inexpensive and relatively sensitive assay can potentially aid in the development of a diagnostic tool for cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Yadav
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Matthew Barton
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim JN, Kim BJ. Depolarization of pacemaker potentials by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:201-210. [PMID: 31689119 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and generate pacemaker potentials. In this study, we investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the pacemaker potentials of ICCs from the mouse small or large intestine. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration, we found that CAPE depolarized the pacemaker potentials of cultured ICCs from the murine small intestine in a dose-dependent manner. The estrogen receptor (ER) β antagonist PHTPP completely inhibited CAPE-induced depolarization, but the ERα antagonist BHPI did not. Intracellular GDP-β-S and pretreatment with Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin also blocked CAPE-induced depolarization. To investigate the mechanisms of CAPE-mediated depolarization of ICCs, we used the nonselective cation channel (NSCC) inhibitor flufenamic acid, the Cl- channel blocker, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors PD98059, SB203580, or SP600125, and PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002. All inhibitors blocked the CAPE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization of ICCs. These results suggest that CAPE induces pacemaker potential depolarization through ERβ in a G protein, NSCC, Cl- channel, MAPK- and PI3 kinase dependent manner via intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ regulation in the murine small intestine. CAPE may therefore modulate GI motility by acting on ICCs in the murine small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Nam Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Salmerón-Hernández Á, Noriega-Reyes MY, Jordan A, Baranda-Avila N, Langley E. BCAS2 Enhances Carcinogenic Effects of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040966. [PMID: 30813351 PMCID: PMC6412365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has an established role in breast cancer biology. Transcriptional activation by ERα is a multistep process modulated by coactivator and corepressor proteins. Breast Cancer Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2), is a poorly studied ERα coactivator. In this work, we characterize some of the mechanisms through which this protein increases ERα activity and how this promotes carcinogenic processes in breast cancer cells. Using protein-protein interaction and luciferase assays we show that BCAS2 interacts with ERα both in vitro and in vivo and upregulates transcriptional activation of ERα directly through its N-terminal region (AF-1) and indirectly through its C-terminal (AF-2) region, acting in concert with AF-2 interacting coactivators. Elevated expression of BCAS2 positively affects proliferation, clonogenicity and migration of breast cancer cells and directly activates ERα regulated genes which have been shown to play a role in tumor growth and progression. Finally, we used signal transduction pathway inhibitors to elucidate how BCAS2 is regulated in these cells and observed that BCAS2 is preferentially regulated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BCAS2 is an AF-1 coactivator of ERα whose overexpression promotes carcinogenic processes, suggesting an important role in the development of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Salmerón-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María Yamilet Noriega-Reyes
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Albert Jordan
- Institut de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Cataluña, Spain.
| | - Noemi Baranda-Avila
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sheng Z, Wang C, Ren F, Liu Y, Zhu B. Molecular mechanism of endocrine-disruptive effects induced by Bisphenol A: The role of transmembrane G-protein estrogen receptor 1 and integrin αvβ3. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:1-13. [PMID: 30473274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume industrial products worldwide and has been widely used to make various products as the intermediates of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Inevitably, general population has been widely exposed to BPA due to extensive use of BPA-containing products. BPA has similar chemical structure with the natural estrogen and has been shown to induce a variety of estrogen-like endocrine effects on organism in vivo or in vitro. High doses of BPA tend to act as antagonist of estrogen receptors (ERs) by directly regulating the genomic transcription. However, BPA at environmentally relevant low-dose always disrupt the biological function via a non-genomic manner mediated by membrane receptors, rather than ERs. Although some studies had investigated the non-genomic effects of low-dose BPA, the exact molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Recently, we found that membrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 and integrin αvβ3 and its relative signal pathways participate in the induction of male germ cell proliferation and thyroid transcription disruption by the low-dose BPA. A profound understanding for the mechanism of action of the environmentally relevant BPA exposure not only contributes to objectively evaluate and predict the potential influence to human health, but also provides theoretical basis and methodological support for assessing health effects trigged by other estrogen-like environmental endocrine disruptors. Based mainly on our recent findings, this review outlines the research progress of molecular mechanism on endocrine disrupting effects of environmental low-dose BPA, existing problems and some consideration for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Sheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Furong Ren
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Benzhan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Hernández SE, Swift S, Singhal N. Estrogenic activity of cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a and their oxidative products by Fe III-B*/H 2O 2. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:309-319. [PMID: 29339303 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyanotoxins released into waters during cyanobacterial blooms can pose serious hazards to humans and animals. Apart from their toxicological mechanisms, cyanotoxins have been shown to be involved in estrogenic activity by in vivo and in vitro assays; however, there is limited information on the change in estrogenicity of cyanotoxins following chemical oxidation. In this study, the estrogenic activity of cylindrospermopsin (CYL) and anatoxin-a (ANA) at concentrations ranging from 2.4 × 10-7 M to 2.4 × 10-12 M (CYL) and 7.1 × 10-6 M to 7.1 × 10-11 M (ANA), and after treatment by the FeIII-B*/H2O2 catalyst system, was investigated by the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. The results indicate that CYL and ANA acted as agonists in the YES assay (CYL logEC50 = -8.901; ANA logEC50 = -6.789), their binding affinity to estrogen receptors is associated with their intrinsic properties, including ring structures and toxicant properties. CYL and ANA were shown to simulate endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to modulate the 17β-estradiol-induced estrogenic activity, resulting in non-monotonic dose responses. The treated CYL showed a significantly altered estrogenicity compared to the untreated CYL (T(2) = 8.168, p ≤ .05), while the estrogenicity of the treated ANA was not significantly different to the untreated ANA (T(2) = 1.295, p > .05). Intermediate products generated from CYL and ANA oxidized by FeIII-B*/H2O2 were identified using Q-Exactive Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Treatment with FeIII-B*/H2O2 yielded open-ring by-products which likely resulted in CYL's reduced binding affinity to estrogen receptors. The insignificant change in the estrogenicity of treated ANA was possibly a result of its multiple ring structure products, which were likely able to bind to estrogen receptors. The comparisons for the estrogenicity of these cyanotoxins before and after FeIII-B*/H2O2 treatment suggest that the reductions in estrogenicity achieved by oxidation were dependent on the levels of cyanotoxins removed, as well as the estrogenicity of the degradation products. This is the first study on the change in the estrogenicity of CYL and ANA upon oxidation by FeIII-B*/H2O2, a high activity catalyst system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Liu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sandra E Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Simon Swift
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Naresh Singhal
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Estrogen receptor signaling mediates leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy induction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109417-109435. [PMID: 29312618 PMCID: PMC5752531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone derived from adipose tissue, promotes growth of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. Estrogen receptor signaling is also known to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the involvement of estrogen receptor signaling in the oncogenic actions of leptin and its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated mechanisms for estrogen receptor signaling-mediated growth of breast cancer cells, particularly focusing on autophagy, which plays a crucial role in leptin-induced tumor growth. Inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling via gene silencing or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor (tamoxifen) abolished leptin-induced growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, leptin-induced autophagy activation, determined by up-regulation of autophagy-related genes and autophagosome formation, was also significantly suppressed by inhibiting estrogen receptor signaling. Moreover, inhibition of estrogen receptor markedly prevented leptin-induced activation of AMPK/FoxO3A axis, which plays a crucial role in autophagy induction. Leptin-induced cell cycle progression and Bax down-regulation were also prevented by treatment with tamoxifen. The pivotal roles of estrogen receptor signaling in leptin-induced cell cycle progression, apoptosis suppression, and autophagy induction were further confirmed in MCF-7 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that estrogen receptor signaling plays a key role in leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy activation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin CY, Kleinbrink EL, Dachet F, Cai J, Ju D, Goldstone A, Wood EJ, Liu K, Jia H, Goustin AS, Kosir MA, Thepsuwan P, Lipovich L. Primate-specific oestrogen-responsive long non-coding RNAs regulate proliferation and viability of human breast cancer cells. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.150262. [PMID: 28003470 PMCID: PMC5204119 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of a recently discovered class of genes which do not code for proteins. LncRNA genes are approximately as numerous as protein-coding genes in the human genome. However, comparatively little remains known about lncRNA functions. We globally interrogated changes in the lncRNA transcriptome of oestrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells following treatment with oestrogen, and identified 127 oestrogen-responsive lncRNAs. Consistent with the emerging evidence that most human lncRNA genes lack homologues outside of primates, our evolutionary analysis revealed primate-specific lncRNAs downstream of oestrogen signalling. We demonstrate, using multiple functional assays to probe gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes in two oestrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell lines, that two primate-specific oestrogen-responsive lncRNAs identified in this study (the oestrogen-repressed lncRNA BC041455, which reduces cell viability, and the oestrogen-induced lncRNA CR593775, which increases cell viability) exert previously unrecognized functions in cell proliferation and growth factor signalling pathways. The results suggest that oestrogen-responsive lncRNAs are capable of altering the proliferation and viability of human breast cancer cells. No effects on cellular phenotypes were associated with control transfections. As heretofore unappreciated components of key signalling pathways in cancers, including the MAP kinase pathway, lncRNAs hence represent a novel mechanism of action for oestrogen effects on cellular proliferation and viability phenotypes. This finding warrants further investigation in basic and translational studies of breast and potentially other types of cancers, has broad relevance to lncRNAs in other nuclear hormone receptor pathways, and should facilitate exploiting and targeting these cell viability modulating lncRNAs in post-genomic therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yo Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Erica L Kleinbrink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fabien Dachet
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Juan Cai
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Donghong Ju
- Department of Surgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Amanda Goldstone
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Emily J Wood
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ka Liu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Hui Jia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anton-Scott Goustin
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mary A Kosir
- Department of Surgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Pattaraporn Thepsuwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA .,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tran TKA, MacFarlane GR, Kong RYC, O'Connor WA, Yu RMK. The constitutively active estrogen receptor (ER) binds and activates the promoter of the vitellogenin (Vtg) gene in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:397-402. [PMID: 28259423 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a well-established biomarker of estrogenic exposure in aquatic animals. In vertebrates, Vtg gene transcription is controlled by the estrogen receptors (ERs). Although an ER ortholog is present in molluscs, its role as a transcriptional regulator remains elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, the ER ortholog activates Vtg gene transcription through specific interaction with its promoter. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that sgER activated both a minimal promoter containing the consensus estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) and the sgVtg promoter in an estrogen-independent manner. The sgVtg promoter-luciferase activation was significantly reduced when any of three putative ERE half sites (½EREs) in the promoter were mutated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that sgER binds specifically to a 68-bp promoter sequence where these ½EREs reside. Overall, the results suggest that sgER is a constitutively active transcription factor that binds and activates the sgVtg promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Tran
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan St., Vinh City, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase regulates estrogen receptor-α signaling in breast cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e299. [PMID: 28240737 PMCID: PMC5337623 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme for endogenous synthesis of fatty acids, is overexpressed and hyperactivated in a biologically aggressive subset of sex steroid-related tumors, including breast carcinomas. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we assessed the molecular relationship between FASN signaling and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling in breast cancer. The small compound C75, a synthetic slow-binding inhibitor of FASN activity, induced a dramatic augmentation of estradiol (E2)-stimulated, ERα-driven transcription. FASN and ERα were both necessary for the synergistic activation of ERα transcriptional activity that occurred following co-exposure to C75 and E2: first, knockdown of FASN expression using RNAi (RNA interference) drastically lowered (>100 fold) the amount of E2 required for optimal activation of ERα-mediated transcriptional activity; second, FASN blockade synergistically increased E2-stimulated ERα-mediated transcriptional activity in ERα-negative breast cancer cells stably transfected with ERα, but not in ERα-negative parental cells. Non-genomic, E2-regulated cross-talk between the ERα and MAPK pathways participated in these phenomena. Thus, treatment with the pure antiestrogen ICI 182 780 or the potent and specific inhibitor of MEK/ERK, U0126, was sufficient to abolish the synergistic nature of the interaction between FASN blockade and E2-stimulated ERα transactivation. FASN inhibition suppressed E2-stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation while promoting the reduction of ERα protein. FASN blockade resulted in the increased expression and nuclear accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27Kip1, two critical mediators of the therapeutic effects of antiestrogen in breast cancer, while inactivating AKT, a key mediator of E2-promoted anchorage-independent growth. The ability of FASN to regulate E2/ERα signaling may represent a promising strategy for anticancer treatment involving a new generation of FASN inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu X, Nie S, Yu Q, Wang X, Huang D, Xie M. Downregulation of steroid hormone receptor expression and activation of cell signal transduction pathways induced by a chiral nonylphenol isomer in mouse sertoli TM4 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:469-476. [PMID: 27086933 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are considered as important environmental toxicants and potential endocrine disrupting compounds which can disrupt male reproductive system. 4-[1-Ethyl-1-methylhexy] phenol (4-NP65 ) is one of the main isomers of technical nonylphenol mixtures. In the present study, effect of NPs was evaluated from an isomer-specific viewpoint using 4-NP65 . Decreased mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ER-β, androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone receptor (PR) were observed in the cells exposed to 4-NP65 for 24 h. Furthermore, 4-NP65 treatment evoked significant decrease in protein expression levels of ER-α and ER-β. Levels of mullerian inhibiting substance and transferrin were found to change significantly in 4-NP65 challenged cells. Additionally, JNK1/2-MAPK pathway was activated due to 4-NP65 exposure, but not ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK pathways. Meanwhile, 4-NP65 increased the p-Akt level and showed no effects on the Akt level which indicated that Akt pathway was activated by 4-NP65 . In conclusion, these findings have shown that 4-NP65 exposure affected expression of cell receptors and cell signaling pathways in Sertoli TM4 cells. We proposed that molecular mechanism of reproductive damage in Sertoli cells induced by NPs may be mediated by cell receptors and/or cell signal transduction pathways, and that the effects were dependent on the side chain of NP isomers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 469-476, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Danfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Su X, Zhang L, Li H, Cheng P, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Xu H, Li D, Gao H, Zhang T. MicroRNA-134 targets KRAS to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1932-1938. [PMID: 28454346 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression patterns and functions of microRNA-134 (miR-134) have been previously studied in numerous types of cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of miR-134 in human breast cancer. In the present study, the expression patterns, biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-134 in human breast cancer were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction evaluated the expression of miR-134 in human breast cancer tissues, matched normal adjacent tissues, breast cancer cell lines and a normal mammary epithelial cell line. Following transfection with miR-134, an MTT assay, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, western blot analysis and a luciferase assay were performed on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. The findings revealed that miR-134 expression levels were significantly downregulated in breast cancer cells. Statistical analysis demonstrated that low expression of miR-134 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and reduced cell differentiation. It was observed that miR-134 inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Additionally, the present study indicated that miR-134 may directly target the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog in breast cancer tissues. These results suggest that miR-134 may be used as a potential therapeutic biomarker in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Su
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahmad DAJ, Negm OH, Alabdullah ML, Mirza S, Hamed MR, Band V, Green AR, Ellis IO, Rakha EA. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:457-67. [PMID: 27592113 PMCID: PMC5021722 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are signalling transduction molecules that have different functions and diverse behaviour in cancer. In breast cancer, MAPK is related to oestrogen receptor (ER) and HER2. METHODS Protein expression of a large panel of MAPKs (JNK1/2, ERK, p38, C-JUN and ATF2 including phosphorylated forms) were assessed immunohistochemically in a large (n = 1400) and well-characterised breast cancer series prepared as tissue microarray. Moreover, reverse phase protein array was applied to quantify protein expression of MAPKs in six breast cancer cell lines with different phenotypes including HER2-transfected cells. RESULTS MAPKs expression was associated with clinicopathological variables characteristic of good prognosis. These associations were most significant in the whole series and in the ER+ subgroup compared to other BC classes. Most of MAPKs showed a positive association with ER, BCL2 and better outcome and were negatively associated with the proliferation marker Ki67 and p53. Association of MAPK with HER2 was mainly seen in the ER- subgroup. Reverse phase protein array confirmed immunohistochemistry results and revealed differential expression of MAPK proteins in ER+ and ER- cell lines. CONCLUSIONS MAPKs are associated with good prognosis and their expression is mainly related to ER. Studying a large panel rather than individual biomarkers may provide improved understanding of the pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dena A J Ahmad
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Mosul Medical School, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ola H Negm
- School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - M Layth Alabdullah
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA
| | - Mohamed R Hamed
- School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shah K, Bradbury NA. Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2, a novel target in prostate cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14233-46. [PMID: 26008968 PMCID: PMC4546463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression from early forms of prostate cancer to castration-resistant disease is associated with an increase in signal transduction activity. The majority of castration-resistance cancers persist in the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), as well as androgen-dependent genes. The AR is regulated not only by it associated steroid hormone, but also by manifold regulatory and signaling molecules, including several kinases. We undertook evaluation of the role of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 (LMTK2) in modulating AR activity, as several Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have shown a marked association of LMTK2 activity with the development of prostate cancer. We confirm that not only is LMTK2 mRNA reduced in prostate cancer tissue, but also LMTK2 protein levels are markedly diminished. Knockdown of LMTK2 protein in prostate cell lines greatly increased the transcription of androgen-responsive genes. In addition, LMTK2 knockdown led to an increase in prostate cancer stem cell populations in LNCaP cells, indicative of increased tumorogenicity. Using multiple approaches, we also demonstrate that LMTK2 interacts with the AR, thus putting LMTK2 as a component of a signaling complex modulating AR activity. Our finding that LMTK2 is a negative regulator of AR activity defines a novel cellular pathway for activation of AR-responsive genes in castrate resistant-prostate cancer. Moreover, pharmacologic manipulation of LMTK2 activity will provide a novel therapeutic target for more effective treatments for patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpit Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alkner S, Bendahl PO, Ehinger A, Lövgren K, Rydén L, Fernö M. Prior Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment in Breast Cancer Is Linked to Increased AIB1 and HER2 Expression in Metachronous Contralateral Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150977. [PMID: 26959415 PMCID: PMC4784945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The estrogen receptor coactivator Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) has been associated with an improved response to adjuvant tamoxifen in breast cancer, but also with endocrine treatment resistance. We hereby use metachronous contralateral breast cancer (CBC) developed despite prior adjuvant tamoxifen for the first tumor as an “in vivo”-model for tamoxifen resistance. AIB1-expression in the presumable resistant (CBC after prior tamoxifen) and naïve setting (CBC without prior tamoxifen) is compared and correlated to prognosis after CBC. Methods From a well-defined population-based cohort of CBC-patients we have constructed a unique tissue-microarray including >700 patients. Results CBC developed after adjuvant tamoxifen more often had a HER2-positive/triple negative-subtype and a high AIB1-expression (37% vs. 23%, p = 0.009), than if no prior endocrine treatment had been administered. In patients with an estrogen receptor (ER) positive CBC, a high AIB1-expression correlated to an inferior prognosis. However, these patients seemed to respond to tamoxifen, but only if endocrine therapy had not been administered for BC1. Conclusions Metachronous CBC developed after prior endocrine treatment has a decreased ER-expression and an increased HER2-expression. This is consistent with endocrine treatment escape mechanisms previously suggested, and indicates metachronous CBC to be a putative model for studies of treatment resistance “in vivo”. The increased AIB1-expression in CBC developed after prior tamoxifen suggests a role of AIB1 in endocrine treatment resistance. In addition, we found indications that the response to tamoxifen in CBC with a high AIB1-expression seem to differ depending on previous exposure to this drug. A different function for AIB1 in the tamoxifen treatment naïve vs. resistant setting is suggested, and may explain previously conflicting results where a high AIB1-expression has been correlated to both a good response to adjuvant tamoxifen and tamoxifen resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alkner
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne Clinic of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, SE-222 41, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehinger
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Blekinge County Hospital, SE-371 85, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lövgren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden
- Clinic of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Lund, SE-222 41, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwartz AG, Ray RM, Cote ML, Abrams J, Sokol RJ, Hendrix SL, Chen C, Chlebowski RT, Hubbell FA, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Jo O'Sullivan M, Rohan T, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Wakelee H, Simon MS. Hormone Use, Reproductive History, and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Studies. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:1004-13. [PMID: 25852020 PMCID: PMC4627490 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Results from the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials demonstrated no increase in the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal women treated with hormone therapy (HT). We conducted a joint analysis of the Women's Health Initiative observational study data and clinical trials data to further explore the association between estrogen and estrogen-related reproductive factors and lung cancer risk. METHODS Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and postmenopausal HT were evaluated in 160,855 women with known HT exposures. Follow-up for lung cancer was through September 17, 2012; 2467 incident lung cancer cases were ascertained, with median follow-up of 14 years. RESULTS For all lung cancers, women with previous use of estrogen plus progestin of less than 5 years (hazard ratio = 0.84; 95% confidence interval = 0.71-0.99) were at reduced risk. A limited number of reproductive factors demonstrated associations with risk. There was a trend toward decreased risk with increasing age at menopause (ptrend = 0.04) and a trend toward increased risk with increasing number of live births (ptrend = 0.03). Reduced risk of non-small-cell lung cancer was associated with age 20-29 years at first live birth. Risk estimates varied with smoking history, years of HT use and previous bilateral oophorectomy. CONCLUSIONS Indirect measures of estrogen exposure to lung tissue, as used in this study, provide only weak evidence for an association between reproductive history or HT use and risk of lung cancer. More detailed mechanistic studies and evaluation of risk factors in conjunction with estrogen receptor expression in the lung should continue as a role for estrogen cannot be ruled out and may hold potential for prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann G. Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roberta M. Ray
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington
| | - Michele L. Cote
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Judith Abrams
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert J. Sokol
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rowan T. Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - F. Allan Hubbell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Jo O'Sullivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Marcia L. Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY
| | - Heather Wakelee
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Michael S. Simon
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Z, Yang SS, Yin PH, Chang T, Shi LX, Fang L, Fang GE. Activated estrogen receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinases cross talk confer acquired resistance to lapatinib. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:695-703. [PMID: 26557906 PMCID: PMC4632920 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of lapatinib is limited by the development of acquired resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling compensatory activation in acquired resistance to lapatinib in breast cancer cells BT474 and the related mechanism. Methods Acquired resistant cell model resistant (r)BT474 was generated with an increasing concentration of lapatinib. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the changes of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 and ER pathways in breast cancer cell BT474 after treatment with lapatinib and the distinction between BT474 and rBT474. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and colony formation assays were employed to detect the proliferation of rBT474 and BT474 cells treated with lapatinib and/or an ER inhibitor, fulvestrant, respectively. Results Lapatinib could inhibit phosphorylation of HER2 and induce expression of forkhead-box protein O3a and progesterone receptor. Acquired resistant cell model rBT474 could grow in the presence of 5 μM lapatinib, with an apoptosis rate of only 5%. Significant inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway and the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and ER pathways were detected in rBT474, compared with BT474. Furthermore, the expressions of Src phosphorylation and caveolin-1 were also upregulated. The viability of rBT474 was markedly suppressed by the lapatinib/fulvestrant combination in vitro, confirmed by the BT474 xenograft model. Conclusion ER signaling compensatory activation may partly contribute to lapatinib acquired resistance in HER2-overexpressing/ERα-positive breast cancer cells, which might be related to PI3K/AKT inhibition and MAPK pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Xiang Shi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-En Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
YIN SHUPING, RISHI ARUNK, REDDY KALADHARB. Anti-estrogen-resistant breast cancer cells are sensitive to cisplatin plus TRAIL treatment. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1475-80. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
32
|
Mango Fruit Extracts Differentially Affect Proliferation and Intracellular Calcium Signalling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/613268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of human cancer cell proliferation is a common approach in identifying plant extracts that have potential bioactive effects. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that methanolic extracts of peel and flesh from three archetypal mango cultivars, Irwin (IW), Nam Doc Mai (NDM), and Kensington Pride (KP), differentially affect proliferation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]I) signalling in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Mango flesh extracts from all three cultivars did not inhibit cell growth, and of the peel extracts only NDM reduced MCF-7 cell proliferation. Mango cultivar peel and flesh extracts did not significantly change ERK phosphorylation compared to controls; however, some reduced relative maximal peak[Ca2+]Iafter adenosine triphosphate stimulation, with NDM peel extract having the greatest effect among the treatments. Our results identify mango interfruit and intrafruit (peel and flesh) extract variability in antiproliferative effects and[Ca2+]Isignalling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and highlight that parts of the fruit (such as peel and flesh) and cultivar differences are important factors to consider when assessing potential chemopreventive bioactive compounds in plants extracts.
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu X, Nie S, Chen Y, Huang D, Xie M. Effects of 4-nonylphenol isomers on cell receptors and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells. Toxicology 2014; 326:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
34
|
Estrogen regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 expression in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100364. [PMID: 24971890 PMCID: PMC4074091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is implicated as an important factor in stimulating breast cancer cell proliferation, and presence of estrogen receptor (ER) is an indication of a good prognosis in breast cancer patients. Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member that is often over expressed in breast tumors, correlating with poor survival. In breast cancer, it was been previously shown that epidermal growth factor receptors up-regulate Mcl-1 but the role of estrogen in increasing Mcl-1 expression was unknown. In ERα positive cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75, estrogen treatment increased Mcl-1 expression at both the protein and mRNA level. In two ERα negative cell lines, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231, estrogen failed to increase in Mcl-1 protein expression. We found that ERα antagonists decreased estrogen mediated Mcl-1 expression at both the protein and mRNA level. Upon knockdown of ERα, Mcl-1 mRNA expression after estrogen treatment was also decreased. We also found that ERα binds to the Mcl-1 promoter at a region upstream of the translation start site containing a half ERE site. Streptavidin-pull down assay showed that both ERα and transcription factor Sp1 bind to this region. These results suggest that estrogen is involved in regulating Mcl-1 expression specifically through a mechanism involving ERα.
Collapse
|
35
|
Moerkens M, Zhang Y, Wester L, van de Water B, Meerman JHN. Epidermal growth factor receptor signalling in human breast cancer cells operates parallel to estrogen receptor α signalling and results in tamoxifen insensitive proliferation. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:283. [PMID: 24758408 PMCID: PMC4021213 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen resistance is a major problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) α -positive breast cancer patients. Although the mechanisms behind tamoxifen resistance are still not completely understood, clinical data suggests that increased expression of receptor tyrosine kinases is involved. Here, we studied the estrogen and anti-estrogen sensitivity of human breast cancer MCF7 cells that have a moderate, retroviral-mediated, ectopic expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (MCF7-EGFR). Methods Proliferation of MCF7-EGFR and parental cells was induced by 17β-estradiol (E2), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or a combination of these. Inhibition of proliferation under these conditions was investigated with 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (TAM) or fulvestrant at 10-12 to 10-6 M. Cells were lysed at different time points to determine the phosphorylation status of EGFR, MAPK1/3, AKT and the expression of ERα. Knockdown of target genes was established using smartpool siRNAs. Transcriptomics analysis was done 6 hr after stimulation with growth factors using Affymetrix HG-U133 PM array plates. Results While proliferation of parental MCF7 cells could only be induced by E2, proliferation of MCF7-EGFR cells could be induced by either E2 or EGF. Treatment with TAM or fulvestrant did significantly inhibit proliferation of MCF7-EGFR cells stimulated with E2 alone. EGF treatment of E2/TAM treated cells led to a marked cell proliferation thereby overruling the anti-estrogen-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Under these conditions, TAM however did still inhibit ERα- mediated transcription. While siRNA-mediated knock-down of EGFR inhibited the EGF- driven proliferation under TAM/E2/EGF condition, knock down of ERα did not. The TAM resistant cell proliferation mediated by the conditional EGFR-signaling may be dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway but not the MEK/MAPK pathway, since a MEK inhibitor (U0126), did not block the proliferation. Transcriptomic analysis under the various E2/TAM/EGF conditions revealed that E2 and EGF dependent transcription have little overlap and rather operate in a parallel fashion. Conclusions Our data indicate that enhanced EGFR-driven signalling is sufficient to overrule the TAM- mediated inhibition of E2-driven cell proliferation. This may have profound implications for the anti-estrogen treatment of ER-positive breast cancers that have increased levels of EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John H N Meerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Department of Toxicology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
De Araujo ME, Erhart G, Buck K, Müller-Holzner E, Hubalek M, Fiegl H, Campa D, Canzian F, Eilber U, Chang-Claude J, Coassin S, Haun M, Kedenko L, Paulweber B, Reitsamer R, Himmel I, Flesch-Janys D, Lamina C, Kronenberg F, Huber LA, Kloss-Brandstätter A. Polymorphisms in the gene regions of the adaptor complex LAMTOR2/LAMTOR3 and their association with breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53768. [PMID: 23341997 PMCID: PMC3547070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The late endosomal LAMTOR complex serves as a convergence point for both the RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, both of these signalling cascades play a significant role in the aetiology of breast cancer. Our aim was to address the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR3 as genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Methodology/Results We sequenced the exons and exon–intron boundaries of LAMTOR2 (p14) and LAMTOR3 (MP1) in 50 prospectively collected pairs of cancerous tissue and blood samples from breast cancer patients and compared their genetic variability. We found one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in LAMTOR2 (rs7541) and two SNPs in LAMTOR3 (rs2298735 and rs148972953) in both tumour and blood samples, but no somatic mutations in cancerous tissues. In addition, we genotyped all three SNPs in 296 samples from the Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer Metastasis Study and found evidence of a genetic association between rs148972953 and oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor negative status (PR) (ER: OR = 3.60 (1.15–11.28); PR: OR = 4.27 (1.43–12.72)). However, when we additionally genotyped rs148972953 in the MARIE study including 2,715 breast cancer cases and 5,216 controls, we observed neither a difference in genotype frequencies between patients and controls nor was the SNP associated with ER or PR. Finally, all three SNPs were equally frequent in breast cancer samples and female participants (n = 640) of the population-based SAPHIR Study. Conclusions The identified polymorphisms in LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR3 do not seem to play a relevant role in breast cancer. Our work does not exclude a role of other not yet identified SNPs or that the here annotated polymorphism may in fact play a relevant role in other diseases. Our results underscore the importance of replication in association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gertraud Erhart
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Buck
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hubalek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidelinde Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Haun
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lyudmyla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Reitsamer
- Breast Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Irmgard Himmel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Meran, Meran, Italy
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sheng ZG, Huang W, Liu YX, Zhu BZ. Bisphenol A at a low concentration boosts mouse spermatogonial cell proliferation by inducing the G protein-coupled receptor 30 expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 267:88-94. [PMID: 23274518 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most prevalent chemicals in daily-use materials, therefore, human exposure to BPA is ubiquitous. We found that low concentrations of BPA stimulate the spermatogonial GC-1 cells proliferation by G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30)-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-c-Fos pathway. However, through the same pathway GPR30 expression has been shown to be induced by EGF, an EGFR ligand. Thus, we want to know if low concentrations of BPA are able to induce the GPR30 expression and the possible mechanism(s) in GC-1 cells. By transient transfection with expression plasmids, 10(-9)M BPA significantly transactivates the Gpr30-5'-flanking region through activating the GPR30, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), and EFGR-ERK pathways. Furthermore, an activator protein-1 (AP-1) site located within this region is found to be responsible for the transactivation of BPA. Expectedly, through the same pathways, BPA significantly induces the gene and protein expression of GPR30. c-Fos is further observed to be strongly recruited to the AP-1 site in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and its dysfunction on the AP-1 site markedly suppresses the expression of GPR30, p-ERK1/2, p-Ser118-ER-α and cell proliferation by BPA. Our results demonstrate that a low-concentration BPA induces GPR30 expression through the GPR30-EFGR-ERK-c-Fos, ER-α, and PKG pathways, presumably boosting the cells proliferation via a regulatory loop. The present study provides a novel insight into the potential role of GPR30 in the initiation and progression of male germ cell cancer induced by environmentally relevant BPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Parvathaneni K, Grigsby JG, Betts BS, Tsin AT. Estrogen-induced retinal endothelial cell proliferation: possible involvement of pigment epithelium-derived factor and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 29:27-32. [PMID: 23046437 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2011.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness due to a progressive damage of the retina by neovascularization and other related ocular complications. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the development of diabetic retinopathy is not well understood. An increase in estrogen levels during puberty is associated with an accelerated development of diabetic retinopathy. Previously, we have introduced 17β-estradiol (E2) to rhesus retinal capillary endothelial cells (RhRECs) in culture and observed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the number of viable cells. The purpose of this present study was to investigate the molecular signaling pathway associated with this estrogen-induced proliferation of RhRECs. METHODS Estrogen receptor (ER) ER(α) and ER(β) mRNA expression, and protein synthesis were measured at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h using nested polymerase chain reaction and Western blots. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors were introduced into culture media to study their effects on E2-induced cell proliferation and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) synthesis. The levels of PEDF in the conditioned media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Exogenous E2 induced a significant increase in the expression of ER(β) along with an increase in the number of viable RhRECs. Cotreatment of E2 with PI3K and MAPK inhibitors significantly reduced the E2-induced effect on cell proliferation and PEDF production in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Results from the present study suggest that an E2-induced increase in the proliferation of RhRECs may be mediated by the action of ER(β.) Both PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways are involved in this E2-induced cell proliferation, which may follow changes in PEDF levels controlled by these pathways. Further studies will provide additional details on the interaction between these pathways to control changes in PEDF levels and cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Parvathaneni
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
High levels of arachidonic acid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in breast cancer tissues are associated with promoting cancer cell proliferation. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:274-81. [PMID: 22902323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which is linked to the regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth. This study was designed to screen candidate fatty acids from breast cancer tissue and to investigate the effects of these candidate fatty acids on PPARα expression, cell growth and cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines. One breast cancer tissue and one reference tissue were each taken from 30 individual breasts to examine for fatty acid composition and PPARα expression. The cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (ER-), MCF-7 (ER++++) and BT-474 (ER++) were used to explore the mechanisms regulating cell proliferation. We found that arachidonic acid (AA) and PPARα were highly expressed in the breast cancer tissues. AA stimulated the growth of all three breast cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The growth stimulatory effect of AA was associated with PPARα activation, and the most potent effect was found in MCF-7 cells. The stimulation of cell proliferation by AA was accompanied by the increased expression of cyclin E, a reduced population of G1 phase cells, and a faster G1/S phase transition. In contrast, AA had no effects on the levels of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, p27, Bcl-2 and Bax. Our results demonstrate that high levels of AA and PPARα expression in human breast cancer tissues are associated with ER-overexpressed breast cancer cell proliferation, which is involved in activating PPARα, stimulating cyclin E expression, and promoting faster G1/S transition.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu Y, Sun L, Zou W, Xu J, Liu H, Wang W, Yun X, Gu J. Prosaposin, a regulator of estrogen receptor alpha, promotes breast cancer growth. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1820-5. [PMID: 22738294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosaposin, a secreted protein, is a well-known pleiotropic growth factor. Although a previous report has indicated that prosaposin is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, the role of prosaposin in the development of breast cancer remains to be identified. Here, we first revealed that prosaposin upregulated estrogen receptor alpha expression, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by western blot, immunofluorescence assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated prosaposin upregulated estrogen receptor alpha expression through MAPK-signaling pathway using MAPK inhibitor. Proliferation assay and tumor xenograft experiments in nude mice (n = 6 per group) further confirmed prosaposin could promote breast cancer growth significantly in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggested that prosaposin might enhance estrogen receptor alpha-mediated signaling axis and play a role in breast cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lam HM, Babu CS, Wang J, Yuan Y, Lam YW, Ho SM, Leung YK. Phosphorylation of human estrogen receptor-beta at serine 105 inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:27-35. [PMID: 22370157 PMCID: PMC3348253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple phosphorylation sites on the human estrogen receptor (hER)α were identified and shown to influence mammary carcinogenesis. In contrast, functional phosphorylation sites of hERβ have yet to be experimentally identified and validated. Here, using mass spectrometry, we uncovered three serines (S75, S87, and S105) in the N-terminus of hERβ as targets of ERK1/2 and p38 kinases. We raised a specific antibody against phosphorylated S105 (pS105) and demonstrated that this site was endogenously phosphorylated in MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 cells. A phospho-mimetic mutant generated from hERβ1 was found to exhibit higher transactivation activity than hERβ1. Ectopic expression of this mutant inhibited cell migration and invasion, but did not affect cell growth and cell-cycle progression in these cell models. In breast cancer specimens, pS105-hERβ immunoreactivity was detected with a higher prevalence and intensity than that of hERβ1. These results underscore the functional importance of the first experimentally identified hERβ-phosphorylation site in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Lam
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - C.V. Suresh Babu
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Yong Yuan
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (co-corresponding authors): Yuet-Kin Leung, Ph.D., Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Kettering Complex, Room 331, 3223 Eden Avenue, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, PO Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, Tel: 513- 558-5181, Fax: 513-558-5155, , Shuk-Mei Ho, Ph.D., Kettering Complex, Room 128, 3223 Eden Avenue, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, PO Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, Tel: 513- 558-5701, Fax: 513-558-5155,
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (co-corresponding authors): Yuet-Kin Leung, Ph.D., Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Kettering Complex, Room 331, 3223 Eden Avenue, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, PO Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, Tel: 513- 558-5181, Fax: 513-558-5155, , Shuk-Mei Ho, Ph.D., Kettering Complex, Room 128, 3223 Eden Avenue, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, PO Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, Tel: 513- 558-5701, Fax: 513-558-5155,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tanic M, Yanowsky K, Rodriguez-Antona C, Andrés R, Márquez-Rodas I, Osorio A, Benitez J, Martinez-Delgado B. Deregulated miRNAs in hereditary breast cancer revealed a role for miR-30c in regulating KRAS oncogene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38847. [PMID: 22701724 PMCID: PMC3372467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant miRNA expression has been previously established in breast cancer and has clinical relevance. However, no studies so far have defined miRNAs deregulated in hereditary breast tumors. In this study we investigated the role of miRNAs in hereditary breast tumors comparing with normal breast tissue. Global miRNA expression profiling using Exiqon microarrays was performed on 22 hereditary breast tumors and 15 non-tumoral breast tissues. We identified 19 miRNAs differentially expressed, most of them down-regulated in tumors. An important proportion of deregulated miRNAs in hereditary tumors were previously identified commonly deregulated in sporadic breast tumors. Under-expression of these miRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR in additional 18 sporadic breast tumors and their normal breast tissue counterparts. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that deregulated miRNAs collectively targeted a number of genes belonging to signaling pathways such as MAPK, ErbB, mTOR, and those regulating cell motility or adhesion. In silico prediction detected KRAS oncogene as target of several deregulated miRNAs. In particular, we experimentally validated KRAS as a miR-30c target. Luciferase assays confirmed that miR-30c binds the 3′UTR of KRAS transcripts and expression of pre-miR-30c down-regulated KRAS mRNA and protein. Furthermore, miR-30c overexpression inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells. Our results identify miRNAs associated to hereditary breast cancer, as well as miRNAs commonly miss-expressed in hereditary and sporadic tumors, suggesting common underlying mechanisms of tumor progression. In addition, we provide evidence that KRAS is a target of miR-30c, and that this miRNA suppresses breast cancer cell growth potentially through inhibition of KRAS signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Tanic
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kira Yanowsky
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Andrés
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Takhar S, Singer A, Dohn MR, Jackson WH, Welborn AE, LeRoith D, Marrero M, Thangaraju M, Huang S, Schoenlein PV. Insulin-like growth factor 1 attenuates antiestrogen- and antiprogestin-induced apoptosis in ER+ breast cancer cells by MEK1 regulation of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein Bim. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R52. [PMID: 22429491 PMCID: PMC3446386 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this pre-clinical in vitro study conducted in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells, we have characterized the effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) on the cytostatic and cytotoxic action of antiestrogen treatment when used as a single agent or in combination with the antiprogestin mifepristone (MIF). Our goal was to identify new molecular targets to improve the efficacy of hormonal therapy in breast cancer patients that have a poor response to hormonal therapy, in part, due to high circulating levels of unbound insulinIGF-1. Methods IGF-1-mediated effects on cytostasis and apoptotic cell death were determined with cell counts conducted in the presence and absence of trypan blue; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine the intracellular levels of cleaved cytokeratin 18, a marker of epithelial cancer cell apoptosis; and immunoblot analysis to determine the levels of cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and lamin A that result from caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cytotoxicity was further characterized by determination of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the percent of mitochondrial membrane depolarization in cell populations treated with the different hormones in the presence and absence of IGF-1. Small molecule inhibitors of the dual-specificity protein kinase MEK1, MEK1 siRNA, Bim siRNA, and vectors overexpressing MEK1 wild type and mutant, dominant negative cDNA were used to identify key IGF-1 downstream prosurvival effectors. Results IGF-1, at physiologically relevant levels, blocked the cytotoxic action(s) of the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and tamoxifen (TAM) when used as single agents or in combination with the antiprogestin MIF. The antiapoptotic action of IGF-1 was mediated primarily through the action of MEK1. MEK1 expression reduced the levels of ROS and mitochondrial membrane depolarization induced by the hormonal treatments via a mechanism that involved the phosphorylation and proteasomal turnover of the proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bim. Importantly, small-molecule inhibitors of MEK1 circumvented the prosurvival action of IGF-1 by restoring Bim to levels that more effectively mediated apoptosis in ER+ breast cancer cells. Conclusion his study provides strong support for the use of MEK1 inhibitors in combination with hormonal therapy to effectively affect cytostasis and activate a Bim-dependent apoptotic pathway in ER+ breast cancer cells. We discuss that MEK1 blockade may be a particularly effective treatment for women with high circulating levels of IGF-1, which have been correlated to a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsan Periyasamy-Thandavan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd,, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sheng ZG, Zhu BZ. Low concentrations of bisphenol A induce mouse spermatogonial cell proliferation by G protein-coupled receptor 30 and estrogen receptor-α. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1775-80. [PMID: 21813366 PMCID: PMC3261991 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most prevalent chemicals in daily-use materials; therefore, human exposure to BPA is ubiquitous. The estrogenicity of BPA is generally mediated by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs). However, low concentrations of BPA stimulate seminoma cell proliferation by an uncertain mechanism that does not involve activation of ERs. OBJECTIVE We investigated the possible promoting effects of low-concentration BPA and the possible mechanism(s) using the murine ER-β negative spermatogonial GC-1 cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the specific signaling inhibitor, BPA at test concentrations ranging from 10-10 to 10-8 M markedly induced proliferation of GC-1 cells by activating both cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. BPA stimulated a rapid (15-min) phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Interestingly, ER-α phosphorylation is involved in the proliferation, whereas BPA does not directly transactivate ER-α in gene reporter assays. Using specific agonists and gene silencing, we further observed that BPA mediates the proliferation and fos gene expression of GC-1 cells by G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) and ER-α. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that low concentrations of BPA activate the PKG and EGFR/ERK/c-fos pathways through a cross-talk between GPR30 and ER-α, which in turn stimulates GC-1 cell proliferation. The present study provides a novel insight regarding the potential role of GPR30 and ER-α in mediating the proliferative effects of BPA in male germ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Edvardsson K, Ström A, Jonsson P, Gustafsson JÅ, Williams C. Estrogen receptor β induces antiinflammatory and antitumorigenic networks in colon cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:969-79. [PMID: 21493669 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest estrogen to be protective against the development of colon cancer. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the predominant estrogen receptor expressed in colorectal epithelium and is the main candidate to mediate the protective effects. We have previously shown that expression of ERβ reduces growth of colorectal cancer in xenografts. Little is known of the actions of ERβ and its effect on gene transcription in colon cancers. To dissect the processes that ERβ mediates and to investigate cell-specific mechanisms, we reexpressed ERβ in three colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, HT29, and HCT-116) and conducted genome-wide expression studies in combination with gene-pathway analyses and cross-correlation to ERβ-chromatin-binding sites. Although induced gene regulation was cell specific, overrepresentation analysis of functional classes indicated that the same biological themes, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and regulation of the cell cycle, were affected in all three cell lines. Novel findings include a strong ERβ-mediated down-regulation of IL-6 and downstream networks with significant implications for inflammatory mechanisms involved in colon carcinogenesis. We also discovered cross talk between the suggested nuclear receptor coregulator PROX1 and ERβ, demonstrating that ERβ both regulates and shares target genes with PROX1. The influence of ERβ on apoptosis was further explored using functional studies, which suggested an increased DNA-repair capacity. We conclude that reexpression of ERβ induces transcriptome changes that, through several parallel pathways, converge into antitumorigenic capabilities in all three cell lines. We propose that enhancing ERβ action has potential as a novel therapeutic approach for prevention and/or treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Edvardsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang WZ, Liu HO, Wu YH, Hong Y, Yang JW, Liu YH, Wu WB, Zhou L, Sun LL, Xu JJ, Yun XJ, Gu JX. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates 17β-estradiol (E2)-activated expression of HBO1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:140. [PMID: 21040551 PMCID: PMC2989947 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HBO1 (histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) which could exert oncogenic function in breast cancer. However, the biological role and underlying mechanism of HBO1 in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the role of HBO1 in breast cancer and uncover the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect HBO1 protein expression in breast cancer specimens (n=112). The expression of protein level was scored by integral optical density (IOD) for further statistical analyses using SPSS. Real-time PCR was used to simultaneously measure mRNA levels of HBO1. The HBO1 protein expression in breast cancer cells was confirmed by western blot. RESULTS HBO1 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and significantly correlated with estrogen receptor α (ERα) (p<0.001) and progestational hormone (PR) (p=0.002). HBO1 protein level also correlated positively with histology grade in ERα positive tumors (p=0.016) rather than ERα negative tumors. 17β-estradiol (E2) could upregulate HBO1 gene expression which was significantly inhibited by ICI 182,780 or ERα RNAi. E2-increased HBO1 protein expression was significantly suppressed by treatment with inhibitor of MEK1/2 (U0126) in T47 D and MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS HBO1 was an important downstream molecule of ERα, and ERK1/2 signaling pathway may involved in the expression of HBO1 increased by E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-zhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Symmans WF, Hatzis C, Sotiriou C, Andre F, Peintinger F, Regitnig P, Daxenbichler G, Desmedt C, Domont J, Marth C, Delaloge S, Bauernhofer T, Valero V, Booser DJ, Hortobagyi GN, Pusztai L. Genomic index of sensitivity to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4111-9. [PMID: 20697068 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesize that measurement of gene expression related to estrogen receptor α (ER; gene name ESR1) within a breast cancer sample represents intrinsic tumoral sensitivity to adjuvant endocrine therapy. METHODS A genomic index for sensitivity to endocrine therapy (SET) index was defined from genes coexpressed with ESR1 in 437 microarray profiles from newly diagnosed breast cancer, unrelated to treatment or outcome. The association of SET index and ESR1 levels with distant relapse risk was evaluated from microarrays of ER-positive breast cancer in two cohorts who received 5 years of tamoxifen alone as adjuvant endocrine therapy (n = 225 and 298, respectively), a cohort who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen and/or aromatase inhibition (n = 122), and two cohorts who received no adjuvant systemic therapy (n = 208 and 133, respectively). RESULTS The SET index (165 genes) was significantly associated with distant relapse or death risk in both tamoxifen-treated cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.88, P = .002; and HR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.93, P = .007) and in the chemo-endocrine-treated cohort (HR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.69, P = .011) independently from pathologic response to chemotherapy, but was not prognostic in two untreated cohorts. No distant relapse or death was observed after tamoxifen alone if node-negative and high SET or after chemo-endocrine therapy if intermediate or high SET. CONCLUSION The SET index of ER-related transcription predicted survival benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy, not inherent prognosis. Prior chemotherapy seemed to enhance the efficacy of adjuvant endocrine therapy related to SET index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kato M, Takaishi H, Yoda M, Tohmonda T, Takito J, Fujita N, Hosogane N, Horiuchi K, Kimura T, Okada Y, Saito T, Kawaguchi H, Kikuchi T, Matsumoto M, Toyama Y, Chiba K. GRIP1 enhances estrogen receptor alpha-dependent extracellular matrix gene expression in chondrogenic cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:934-41. [PMID: 20346402 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of postmenopause on the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration has been an open question. We assessed cartilage degeneration in estrogen receptor (ER)alpha null mice and examined the role of glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) in the ERalpha-dependent transcription of a type II collagen gene (col2a1) with special reference to a crosstalk with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway. METHODS The vertebral cartilaginous endplate from female ERalpha null mice was subjected to histological analyses. Col2a1 expression of primary chondrocytes (PCs) obtained from ERalpha null mice after 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and TGF-beta1 stimulation was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Estrogen response element (ERE) or col2a1 promoter-enhancer luciferase reporter system was used to investigate the crosstalk among ERalpha, GRIP1, and MKK6. Col2a1 expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were measured in ATDC5 cells treated with GRIP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS ERalpha deficiency clearly accelerated impairment of the vertebral cartilaginous endplate. E(2) and TGF-beta1 stimulation increased col2a1 expression in PC from wild-type mice, but not that from ERalpha null mice. The same stimulation increased the col2a1 promoter-enhancer reporter activity, and the elevated activity was decreased by dominant-negative ERalpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. GRIP1 increased the E(2)-dependent ERE activation in the presence of ERalpha and constitutive-active MKK6. GRIP1 siRNA repressed col2a1 expression and GAG production in ATDC5 cells. CONCLUSIONS Crosstalks between ERalpha/GRIP1 and TGF-beta/MKK6/p38 MAPK pathway have protective roles on cartilage metabolism via regulating the extracellular matrices expression. The finding may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang L, Wang ZY. The Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1 induces estrogen-independent growth and anti-estrogen insensitivity in ER-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:1109-17. [PMID: 20204298 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A switch from estrogen-dependent to estrogen-independent growth is a critical step in malignant progression of breast cancer and is a major problem in endocrine therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this switch remain poorly understood. The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, wt1, encodes a zinc finger protein WT1 that functions as a transcription regulator. High levels of the WT1 expression have been associated with malignancy of breast cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate the function of WT1 in malignant progression of breast cancer. We found that the high passage ER-positive breast cancer MCF7H cells expressed EGFR, HER2 and WT1 at higher levels compared to the low passage MCF7L cells. MCF7H cells responded weakly to estrogen stimulation, grew rapidly in the absence of estrogen and were insensitive to anti-estrogens such as ICI 182,780 and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OH-TAM). We also established stable cell lines from the low passage MCF7L cells to constitutively express exogenous WT1 and found elevated levels of EGFR and HER2 expression, estrogen-independent growth and anti-estrogen insensitivity in WT1-transfected MCF7L cells. These results suggested WT1 promotes estrogen-independent growth and anti-estrogen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells presumably through activation of the signaling pathways mediated by the members of EGFR family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|