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Wang S, Qi X, Liu D, Xie D, Jiang B, Wang J, Wang X, Wu G. The implications for urological malignancies of non-coding RNAs in the the tumor microenvironment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:491-505. [PMID: 38249783 PMCID: PMC10796827 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Urological malignancies are a major global health issue because of their complexity and the wide range of ways they affect patients. There's a growing need for in-depth research into these cancers, especially at the molecular level. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) – these don't code for proteins but are crucial in controlling genes – and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is no longer seen as just a background factor but as an active player in cancer progression. Understanding how ncRNAs and the TME interact is key for finding new ways to diagnose and predict outcomes in urological cancers, and for developing new treatments. This article reviews the basic features of ncRNAs and goes into detail about their various roles in the TME, focusing specifically on how different ncRNAs function and act in urological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Deqian Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
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2
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Nickerson JA, Momen-Heravi F. Long non-coding RNAs: roles in cellular stress responses and epigenetic mechanisms regulating chromatin. Nucleus 2024; 15:2350180. [PMID: 38773934 PMCID: PMC11123517 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2350180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of the genome is transcribed into RNA but only 2% of the sequence codes for proteins. Non-coding RNA transcripts include a very large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). A growing number of identified lncRNAs operate in cellular stress responses, for example in response to hypoxia, genotoxic stress, and oxidative stress. Additionally, lncRNA plays important roles in epigenetic mechanisms operating at chromatin and in maintaining chromatin architecture. Here, we address three lncRNA topics that have had significant recent advances. The first is an emerging role for many lncRNAs in cellular stress responses. The second is the development of high throughput screening assays to develop causal relationships between lncRNAs across the genome with cellular functions. Finally, we turn to recent advances in understanding the role of lncRNAs in regulating chromatin architecture and epigenetics, advances that build on some of the earliest work linking RNA to chromatin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Division of Genes & Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Wu T, Dong Y, Yang X, Mo L, You Y. Crosstalk between lncRNAs and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in lung cancers: From cancer progression to therapeutic response. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:667-677. [PMID: 38577016 PMCID: PMC10987302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is considered to have the highest mortality rate around the world. Because there are no early diagnostic signs or efficient clinical alternatives, distal metastasis and increasing numbers of recurrences are a challenge in the clinical management of LC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been recognized as a critical regulator involved in the progression and treatment response to LC. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been shown to influence LC occurrence and progress. Therefore, discovering connections between Wnt signaling pathway and lncRNAs may offer new therapeutic targets for improving LC treatment and management. In this review, the purpose of this article is to present possible therapeutic approaches by reviewing particular relationships, key processes, and molecules associated to the beginning and development of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine/Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - YiRan Dong
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine/Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - XinZhi Yang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine/Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Liang Mo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yong You
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine/Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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4
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Coan M, Haefliger S, Ounzain S, Johnson R. Targeting and engineering long non-coding RNAs for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:578-595. [PMID: 38424237 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics (RNATx) aim to treat diseases, including cancer, by targeting or employing RNA molecules for therapeutic purposes. Amongst the most promising targets are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which regulate oncogenic molecular networks in a cell type-restricted manner. lncRNAs are distinct from protein-coding genes in important ways that increase their therapeutic potential yet also present hurdles to conventional clinical development. Advances in genome editing, oligonucleotide chemistry, multi-omics and RNA engineering are paving the way for efficient and cost-effective lncRNA-focused drug discovery pipelines. In this Review, we present the emerging field of lncRNA therapeutics for oncology, with emphasis on the unique strengths and challenges of lncRNAs within the broader RNATx framework. We outline the necessary steps for lncRNA therapeutics to deliver effective, durable, tolerable and personalized treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Coan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Haefliger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rory Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Mohammed MZ, Abdelrahman SA, El-Shal AS, Abdelrahman AA, Hamdy M, Sarhan WM. Efficacy of stem cells versus microvesicles in ameliorating chronic renal injury in rats (histological and biochemical study). Sci Rep 2024; 14:16589. [PMID: 39025899 PMCID: PMC11258134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to heavy metals as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) could result in severe health hazards such as chronic renal injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in comparison to their microvesicles (MV) in AlCl3-induced chronic renal injury. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control group, AlCl3-treated group, AlCl3/ASC-treated group, and AlCl3/MV-treated group. Biochemical studies included estimation of serum urea and creatinine levels, oxidative biomarkers assay, antioxidant biomarkers, serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-33), real time-PCR analysis of renal tissue MALT1, TNF-α, IL-6, and serum miR-150-5p expression levels. Histopathological studies included light and electron microscopes examination of renal tissue, Mallory trichrome stain for fibrosis, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain for histochemical detection of carbohydrates, and immunohistochemical detection of Caspase-3 as apoptosis marker, IL-1B as a proinflammatory cytokine and CD40 as a marker of MVs. AlCl3 significantly deteriorated kidney function, enhanced renal MDA and TOS, and serum cytokines concentrations while decreased the antioxidant parameters (SOD, GSH, and TAC). Moreover, serum IL-10, TNF-α, miR-150-5p, and renal MALT1 expression values were significantly higher than other groups. Kidney sections showed marked histopathological damage in both renal cortex and medulla in addition to enhanced apoptosis and increased inflammatory cytokines immunoexpression than other groups. Both ASCs and MVs administration ameliorated the previous parameters levels with more improvement was detected in MVs-treated group. In conclusion: ASCs-derived MVs have a promising ameliorating effect on chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Z Mohammed
- Medical Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Abdelrahman
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hamdy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa M Sarhan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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6
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Skeparnias I, Bou-Nader C, Anastasakis DG, Fan L, Wang YX, Hafner M, Zhang J. Structural basis of MALAT1 RNA maturation and mascRNA biogenesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01340-4. [PMID: 38956168 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has key roles in regulating transcription, splicing, tumorigenesis, etc. Its maturation and stabilization require precise processing by RNase P, which simultaneously initiates the biogenesis of a 3' cytoplasmic MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA (mascRNA). mascRNA was proposed to fold into a transfer RNA (tRNA)-like secondary structure but lacks eight conserved linking residues required by the canonical tRNA fold. Here we report crystal structures of human mascRNA before and after processing, which reveal an ultracompact, quasi-tRNA-like structure. Despite lacking all linker residues, mascRNA faithfully recreates the characteristic 'elbow' feature of tRNAs to recruit RNase P and ElaC homolog protein 2 (ELAC2) for processing, which exhibit distinct substrate specificities. Rotation and repositioning of the D-stem and anticodon regions preclude mascRNA from aminoacylation, avoiding interference with translation. Therefore, a class of metazoan lncRNA loci uses a previously unrecognized, unusually streamlined quasi-tRNA architecture to recruit select tRNA-processing enzymes while excluding others to drive bespoke RNA biogenesis, processing and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Skeparnias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Bou-Nader
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios G Anastasakis
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixin Fan
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Core Facility of National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yun-Xing Wang
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Core Facility of National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Saoud C, Agaimy A, Dermawan JK, Chen JF, Rosenblum MK, Dickson BC, Dashti N, Michal M, Kosemehmetoglu K, Din NU, Albritton K, Agaram NP, Antonescu CR. A Comprehensive Clinicopathologic and Molecular Reappraisal of GLI1-altered Mesenchymal Tumors with Pooled Outcome Analysis Showing Poor Survival in GLI1- amplified Versus GLI1-rearranged Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00379. [PMID: 38934567 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumor is a recently described distinct pathologic entity with an established risk of malignancy, being defined molecularly by either GLI1 gene fusions or amplifications. The clinicopathologic overlap of tumors driven by the 2 seemingly distinct mechanisms of GLI1 activation is still emerging. Herein, we report the largest series of molecularly confirmed GLI1-altered mesenchymal neoplasms to date, including 23 GLI1-amplified and 15 GLI1-rearranged new cases, and perform a comparative clinicopathologic, genomic, and survival investigation. GLI1-rearranged tumors occurred in younger patients (42 vs. 52 y) and were larger compared with GLI1-amplified tumors (5.6 cm vs. 1.5 cm, respectively). Histologic features were overall similar between the 2 groups, showing a multinodular pattern and a nested architecture of epithelioid, and less commonly spindle cells, surrounded by a rich capillary network. A distinct whorling pattern was noted among 3 GLI1-amplified tumors. Scattered pleomorphic giant cells were rarely seen in both groups. The immunoprofile showed consistent expression of CD56, with variable S100, CD10 and SMA expression. Genomically, both groups had overall low mutation burdens, with rare TP53 mutations seen only in GLI1-amplified tumors. GLI1-amplified mesenchymal tumors exhibit mostly a single amplicon at the 12q13-15 locus, compared with dedifferentiated liposarcoma, which showed a 2-peak amplification centered around CDK4 (12q14.1) and MDM2 (12q15). GLI1-amplified tumors had a significantly higher GLI1 mRNA expression compared with GLI1-rearranged tumors. Survival pooled analysis of current and published cases (n=83) showed a worse overall survival in GLI1-amplified patients, with 16% succumbing to disease compared with 1.7% in the GLI1-rearranged group. Despite comparable progression rates, GLI1-amplified tumors had a shorter median progression-free survival compared with GLI1-rearranged tumors (25 mo vs. 77 mo). Univariate analysis showed that traditional histologic predictors of malignancy (mitotic count ≥4/10 high-power fields, presence of necrosis, and tumor size ≥5 cm) are associated with worse prognosis among GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Saoud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, European Metropolitan Area Erlangen-Nuremberg, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marc K Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nooshin Dashti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Michael Michal
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Czech Republic; Bioptical Laboratory, Ltd, Plzeň, Czech Republic
- Bioptical Laboratory, Ltd, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nasir Ud Din
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Karen Albritton
- Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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8
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Callan-Sidat A, Zewdu E, Cavallaro M, Liu J, Hebenstreit D. N-terminal tagging of RNA Polymerase II shapes transcriptomes more than C-terminal alterations. iScience 2024; 27:109914. [PMID: 38799575 PMCID: PMC11126984 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) has a C-terminal domain (CTD) that is unstructured, consisting of a large number of heptad repeats, and whose precise function remains unclear. Here, we investigate how altering the CTD's length and fusing it with protein tags affects transcriptional output on a genome-wide scale in mammalian cells at single-cell resolution. While transcription generally appears to occur in burst-like fashion, where RNA is predominantly made during short bursts of activity that are interspersed with periods of transcriptional silence, the CTD's role in shaping these dynamics seems gene-dependent; global patterns of bursting appear mostly robust to CTD alterations. Introducing protein tags with defined structures to the N terminus cause transcriptome-wide effects, however. We find the type of tag to dominate characteristics of the resulting transcriptomes. This is possibly due to Pol II-interacting factors, including non-coding RNAs, whose expression correlates with the tags. Proteins involved in liquid-liquid phase separation appear prominently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Callan-Sidat
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emmanuel Zewdu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Massimo Cavallaro
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Juntai Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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9
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Martinez-Terroba E, Plasek-Hegde LM, Chiotakakos I, Li V, de Miguel FJ, Robles-Oteiza C, Tyagi A, Politi K, Zamudio JR, Dimitrova N. Overexpression of Malat1 drives metastasis through inflammatory reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadh5462. [PMID: 38875320 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) correlates with tumor progression and metastasis in many tumor types. However, the impact and mechanism of action by which MALAT1 promotes metastatic disease remain elusive. Here, we used CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) to overexpress MALAT1/Malat1 in patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines and in the autochthonous K-ras/p53 LUAD mouse model. Malat1 overexpression was sufficient to promote the progression of LUAD to metastatic disease in mice. Overexpression of MALAT1/Malat1 enhanced cell mobility and promoted the recruitment of protumorigenic macrophages to the tumor microenvironment through paracrine secretion of CCL2/Ccl2. Ccl2 up-regulation was the result of increased global chromatin accessibility upon Malat1 overexpression. Macrophage depletion and Ccl2 blockade counteracted the effects of Malat1 overexpression. These data demonstrate that a single lncRNA can drive LUAD metastasis through reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martinez-Terroba
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Leah M Plasek-Hegde
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ioannis Chiotakakos
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Vincent Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Camila Robles-Oteiza
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Antariksh Tyagi
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jesse R Zamudio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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10
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Xu D, Wang W, Wang D, Ding J, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Long noncoding RNA MALAT-1: A versatile regulator in cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:388-406. [PMID: 38511067 PMCID: PMC10950606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins but have been linked to cancer development and metastasis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) influences crucial cancer hallmarks through intricate molecular mechanisms, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The current article highlights the involvement of MALAT-1 in drug resistance, making it a potential target to overcome chemotherapy refractoriness. It discusses the impact of MALAT-1 on immunomodulatory molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and PD-L1, leading to immune evasion and hindering anti-tumor immune responses. MALAT-1 also plays a significant role in cancer immunology by regulating diverse immune cell populations. In summary, MALAT-1 is a versatile cancer regulator, influencing tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and immunotherapy responses. Understanding its precise molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies, and therapeutic strategies targeting MALAT-1 show promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully uncover the role of MALAT-1 in cancer biology and translate these findings into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Electrodiagnosis, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yunan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
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11
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Temaj G, Chichiarelli S, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saha S, Nuhii N, Hadziselimovic R, Saso L. Advances in molecular function of UPF1 in Cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 756:109989. [PMID: 38621446 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
It is known that more than 10 % of genetic diseases are caused by a mutation in protein-coding mRNA (premature termination codon; PTC). mRNAs with an early stop codon are degraded by the cellular surveillance process known as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which prevents the synthesis of C-terminally truncated proteins. Up-frameshift-1 (UPF1) has been reported to be involved in the downregulation of various cancers, and low expression of UPF1 was shown to correlate with poor prognosis. It is known that UPF1 is a master regulator of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). UPF1 may also function as an E3 ligase and degrade target proteins without using mRNA decay mechanisms. Increasing evidence indicates that UPF1 could serve as a good biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment for future therapeutic applications. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the ability to bind different proteins and regulate gene expression; this role in cancer cells has already been identified by different studies. This article provides an overview of the aberrant expression of UPF1, its functional properties, and molecular processes during cancer for clinical applications in cancer. We also discussed the interactions of lncRNA with UPF1 for cell growth during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazmend Temaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College UBT, 10000, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo.
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Nexhibe Nuhii
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Tetovo, 1200, Tetovo, Macedonia.
| | - Rifat Hadziselimovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", La Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Shahraki K, Najafi A, Ilkhani Pak V, Shahraki K, Ghasemi Boroumand P, Sheervalilou R. The Traces of Dysregulated lncRNAs-Associated ceRNA Axes in Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Scope Review. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:551-564. [PMID: 38299506 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2306859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long non-coding RNAs are an essential component of competing endogenous RNA regulatory axes and play their role by sponging microRNAs and interfering with the regulation of gene expression. Because of the broadness of competing endogenous RNA interaction networks, they may help investigate treatment targets in complicated disorders. METHODS This study performed a systematic scoping review to assess verified loops of competing endogenous RNAs in retinoblastoma, emphasizing the competing endogenous RNAs axis related to long non-coding RNAs. We used a six-stage approach framework and the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of seven databases was done to locate suitable papers published before February 2022. Two reviewers worked independently to screen articles and collect data. RESULTS Out of 363 records, fifty-one articles met the inclusion criteria, and sixty-three axes were identified in desired articles. The majority of the research reported several long non-coding RNAs that were experimentally verified to act as competing endogenous RNAs in retinoblastoma: XIST/NEAT1/MALAT1/SNHG16/KCNQ1OT1, respectively. At the same time, around half of the studies investigated unique long non-coding RNAs. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the many features of this regulatory system may aid in elucidating the unknown etiology of Retinoblastoma and providing novel molecular targets for therapeutic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amin Najafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vida Ilkhani Pak
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Paria Ghasemi Boroumand
- ENT, Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Tsung K, Liu KQ, Han JS, Deshpande K, Doan T, Loh YHE, Ding L, Yang W, Neman J, Dou Y, Attenello FJ. CRISPRi screen of long non-coding RNAs identifies LINC03045 regulating glioblastoma invasion. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011314. [PMID: 38857306 PMCID: PMC11192328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) invasion studies have focused on coding genes, while few studies evaluate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts without protein-coding potential, for role in GBM invasion. We leveraged CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) to evaluate invasive function of GBM-associated lncRNAs in an unbiased functional screen, characterizing and exploring the mechanism of identified candidates. METHODS We implemented a CRISPRi lncRNA loss-of-function screen evaluating association of lncRNA knockdown (KD) with invasion capacity in Matrigel. Top screen candidates were validated using CRISPRi and oligonucleotide(ASO)-mediated knockdown in three tumor lines. Clinical relevance of candidates was assessed via The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx) survival analysis. Mediators of lncRNA effect were identified via differential expression analysis following lncRNA KD and assessed for tumor invasion using knockdown and rescue experiments. RESULTS Forty-eight lncRNAs were significantly associated with 33-83% decrease in invasion (p<0.01) upon knockdown. The top candidate, LINC03045, identified from effect size and p-value, demonstrated 82.7% decrease in tumor cell invasion upon knockdown, while LINC03045 expression was significantly associated with patient survival and tumor grade(p<0.0001). RNAseq analysis of LINC03045 knockdown revealed that WASF3, previously implicated in tumor invasion studies, was highly correlated with lncRNA expression, while WASF3 KD was associated with significant decrease in invasion. Finally, WASF3 overexpression demonstrated rescue of invasive function lost with LINC03045 KD. CONCLUSION CRISPRi screening identified LINC03045, a previously unannotated lncRNA, as critical to GBM invasion. Gene expression is significantly associated with tumor grade and survival. RNA-seq and mechanistic studies suggest that this novel lncRNA may regulate invasion via WASF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Tsung
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kristie Q. Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jane S. Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Krutika Deshpande
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tammy Doan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yong-Hwee Eddie Loh
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Services, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Physiology and Neuroscience, USC Brain Tumor Center, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Frank J. Attenello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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14
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Song H, Adu-Amankwaah J, Zhao Q, Yang D, Liu K, Bushi A, Zhao J, Yuan J, Tan R. Decoding long non‑coding RNAs: Friends and foes in cancer development (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:61. [PMID: 38695241 PMCID: PMC11095623 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a formidable adversary, challenging medical advancements with its dismal prognosis, low cure rates and high mortality rates. Within this intricate landscape, long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerge as pivotal players, orchestrating proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Harnessing the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers holds immense promise. The present comprehensive review delved into the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of lncRNAs in the onset and progression of the top five types of cancer. By meticulously examining lncRNAs across diverse types of cancer, it also uncovered their distinctive roles, highlighting their exclusive oncogenic effects or tumor suppressor properties. Notably, certain lncRNAs demonstrate diverse functions across different cancers, confounding the conventional understanding of their roles. Furthermore, the present study identified lncRNAs exhibiting aberrant expression patterns in numerous types of cancer, presenting them as potential indicators for cancer screening and diagnosis. Conversely, a subset of lncRNAs manifests tissue‑specific expression, hinting at their specialized nature and untapped significance in diagnosing and treating specific types of cancer. The present comprehensive review not only shed light on the intricate network of lncRNAs but also paved the way for further research and clinical applications. The unraveled molecular mechanisms offer a promising avenue for targeted therapeutics and personalized medicine, combating cancer proliferation, invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Song
- First Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qizhong Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Dongqi Yang
- School of Life Science and Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Kuntao Liu
- School of Life Science and Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Aisha Bushi
- School of International Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Lin He Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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15
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Wang F, Hu D, Lou X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang T, Yan Z, Meng N, Lei Y, Zou Y. Predictive value of peripheral blood leukocytes-based methylation of Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and H19 in the chemotherapy effect and prognosis of gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101929. [PMID: 38493517 PMCID: PMC10958112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive value of the methylation of Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and H19 promoters in peripheral blood leukocytes as a non-invasive biomarker for the chemotherapy effect and prognosis gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. METHODS The DNA methylation of H19 and MALAT1 between chemotherapy-sensitive and non-sensitive groups and between groups with better and worse survival of GC was compared using regression analyses. Several predictive nomograms were constructed. The genetic alteration of MALAT1 and H19 and the association between gene expression and immune status in GC were also investigated using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Higher genetic methylations in peripheral blood were noticed in GC groups with poorer survival. The constructed nomograms presented strong predictive values for the chemotherapy effect and 3-year survival of disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival, with the area under the curve as 0.838, 0.838, 0.912, and 0.925, respectively. Significant correlations between MALAT1 or H19 expression and marker genes of immune checkpoints and immune pathways were noticed. The high infiltration of macrophages in H19-high and low infiltration of CD8+ T cells in MALAT1-high groups were associated with worse survival of GC. CONCLUSIONS MALAT1 and H19 have the potential to predict the chemotherapy response and clinical outcomes of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Dingtao Hu
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Lou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ziye Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Quality Management Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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16
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Guo Q, Zhang G, Zhou W, Lu Y, Chen X, Deng Z, Li J, Bi H, Wu M, Xie M, Yan Y, Zhang J. m 6A modification of lncRNA PHKA1-AS1 enhances Actinin Alpha 4 stability and promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e547. [PMID: 38764726 PMCID: PMC11099756 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with molecular heterogeneity that is closely related to gene mutations and epigenetic changes. The principal histological subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA that is without protein coding function, playing a critical role in the progression of cancer. In this research, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 1 antisense RNA 1 (PHKA1-AS1) in the progression of NSCLC were explored. The increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in NSCLC caused the high expression of PHKA1-AS1. Subsequently, high-expressed PHKA1-AS1 significantly facilitated the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells, and these effects could be reversed upon the inhibition of PHKA1-AS1 expression, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the target protein of PHKA1-AS1 was actinin alpha 4 (ACTN4), which is known as an oncogene. Herein, PHKA1-AS1 could enhance the protein stability of ACTN4 by inhibiting its ubiquitination degradation process, thus exerting the function of ACTN4 in promoting the progress of NSCLC. In conclusion, this research provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the potential mechanism of NSCLC metastasis and searching novel biomarkers related to the pathogenesis and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao‐Ru Guo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Guo‐Bin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Wen‐Min Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yu Lu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Xin‐Zhu Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Zhuo‐Fen Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Jin‐Shuo Li
- School of MedicineShanxi Datong UniversityDatongP.R. China
| | - Hong Bi
- Department of PathologyShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanP.R. China
| | - Ming‐Sheng Wu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP.R. China
| | - Ming‐Ran Xie
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP.R. China
| | - Yan‐Yan Yan
- School of MedicineShanxi Datong UniversityDatongP.R. China
| | - Jian‐Ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
- The Affiliated Qingyuan HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuanP.R. China
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17
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Wright BW, Wilusz JE. An unexpected path for Malat1 in neurons: trafficking out of the nucleus for translation. Genes Dev 2024; 38:291-293. [PMID: 38688680 PMCID: PMC11146587 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351820.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The Malat1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) long noncoding RNA is highly and broadly expressed in mammalian tissues, accumulating in the nucleus where it modulates expression and pre-mRNA processing of many protein-coding genes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Xiao and colleagues (doi:10.1101/gad.351557.124) report that a significant fraction of Malat1 transcripts in cultured mouse neurons are surprisingly exported from the nucleus. These transcripts are packaged with Staufen proteins in RNA granules and traffic down the lengths of neurites. They then can be released in a stimulus-dependent manner to be locally translated into a microprotein that alters neuronal gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Wright
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilusz
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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18
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Zhang C, Qin Y, Wu Y, Xu H, Shu Y. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in hematological malignancies and its clinical applications. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1151-1159. [PMID: 38557962 PMCID: PMC11101235 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1 ) is a well-established oncogenic long non-coding RNA, the higher expression of which is strongly correlated with cancer events such as tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and treatment outcome in solid cancers. Recently, a series of studies has highlighted its potential role in hematological malignancies in terms of these events. Similar to solid cancers, MALAT1 can regulate various target genes via sponging and epigenetic mechanisms, but the miRNAs sponged by MALAT1 differ from those identified in solid cancers. In this review, we systematically describe the role and underlying mechanisms of MALAT1 in multiple types of hematological malignancies, including regulation of cell proliferation, metastasis, stress response, and glycolysis. Clinically, MALAT1 expression is related to poor treatment outcome and drug resistance, therefore exhibiting potential prognostic value in multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Finally, we discuss the evaluation of MALAT1 as a novel therapeutic target against cancer in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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19
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Khan MM, Kirabo A. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1: Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5507. [PMID: 38791545 PMCID: PMC11122212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension stands as the leading global cause of mortality, affecting one billion individuals and serving as a crucial risk indicator for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated salt intake triggers inflammation and hypertension by activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We found that one of the primary reasons behind this pro-inflammatory response is the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), responsible for transporting sodium ions into APCs and the activation of NADPH oxidase, leading to increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress increases lipid peroxidation and the formation of pro-inflammatory isolevuglandins (IsoLG). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, and MALAT1, broadly expressed across cell types, including blood vessels and inflammatory cells, is also associated with inflammation regulation. In hypertension, the decreased transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2 or Nfe2l2) correlates with heightened oxidative stress in APCs and impaired control of various antioxidant genes. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an intracellular inhibitor of Nrf2, exhibits elevated levels of hypertension. Sodium, through an increase in Sp1 transcription factor binding at its promoter, upregulates MALAT1 expression. Silencing MALAT1 inhibits sodium-induced Keap1 upregulation, facilitating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequent antioxidant gene transcription. Thus, MALAT1, acting via the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, modulates antioxidant defense in hypertension. This review explores the potential role of the lncRNA MALAT1 in controlling the Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant defense pathway in salt-induced hypertension. The inhibition of MALAT1 holds therapeutic potential for the progression of salt-induced hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mabood Khan
- Department of Medicine, Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Wernig-Zorc S, Schwartz U, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Inalef J, Pavicic F, Ehrenfeld P, Längst G, Maldonado R. The Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Modulates NR4A1 Expression through a Downstream Regulatory Element in Specific Cancer Cell Types. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5515. [PMID: 38791553 PMCID: PMC11121914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to modulate gene expression and are involved in the initiation and progression of various cancer types. Despite the wealth of studies describing transcriptome changes upon lncRNA knockdown, there is limited information describing lncRNA-mediated effects on regulatory elements (REs) modulating gene expression. In this study, we investigated how the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) lncRNA regulates primary target genes using time-resolved MALAT1 knockdown followed by parallel RNA-seq and ATAC-seq assays. The results revealed that MALAT1 primarily regulates specific protein-coding genes and a substantial decrease in the accessibility downstream of the NR4A1 gene that was associated with a decreased NR4A1 expression. Moreover, the presence of an NR4A1-downstream RE was demonstrated by CRISPR-i assays to define a functional MALAT1/NR4A1 axis. By analyzing TCGA data, we identified a positive correlation between NR4A1 expression and NR4A1-downstream RE accessibility in breast cancer but not in pancreatic cancer. Accordingly, this regulatory mechanism was experimentally validated in breast cancer cells (MCF7) but not in pancreatic duct epithelial carcinoma (PANC1) cells. Therefore, our results demonstrated that MALAT1 is involved in a molecular mechanism that fine-tunes NR4A1 expression by modulating the accessibility of a downstream RE in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wernig-Zorc
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry [RCB], Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.W.-Z.)
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Center, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Martínez-Rodríguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Josefa Inalef
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile (P.E.)
| | - Francisca Pavicic
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile (P.E.)
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile (P.E.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System [CISNe], Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gernot Längst
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry [RCB], Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.W.-Z.)
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, 5110246 Valdivia, Chile
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Golam RM, Khalil MAF, Shaker OG, Ahmed TI, Elguaad MKA, Hassan EA, El-Ansary MRM, Ismail A, Kandil YI, Mohammed OA, Doghish AS. The clinical significance of long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 and CASC2 in the diagnosis of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303314. [PMID: 38739668 PMCID: PMC11090319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death due to a lack of early predictive and/or diagnostic tools. Thus, research for a new biomarker is important. LncRNAs play a functional role in target gene regulation and their deregulation is associated with several pathological conditions including HCC. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of two LncRNAs MALAT1 and CASC2 in HCC compared to the routinely used diagnostic biomarker. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study is a case-control study carried out at Fayoum University Hospital and conducted on 89 individuals. The study included three groups of 36 HCC patients on top of HCV(HCC/HCV), 33 HCV patients, and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. All study subjects were subjected to radiological examinations. The determination of CBC was performed by the automated counter and liver function tests by the enzymatic method were performed. In addition, HCV RNA quantification and the expression level of two LncRNAs (MALAT1 and CASC2) were performed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The results revealed a statistically significant difference between study groups regarding liver function tests with a higher mean in HCC/HCV group. Also, serum MALAT1 significantly up-regulated in HCV (11.2±2.8) and HCC/HCV (4.56±1.4) compared to the control group. Besides, serum CASC2 levels in the HCV group were significantly upregulated (14.9±3.6), while, downregulated in the HCC group (0.16± 0.03). Furthermore, The ROC analysis for diagnostic efficacy parameters indicated that CASC2 has higher accuracy (94.6%) and sensitivity (97.2%) for HCC diagnosis than AFP with an accuracy of (90.9%), sensitivity (69.4%), and MALAT1 showed an accuracy of (56.9%), sensitivity (72.2%). CONCLUSION Our study results indicated that CASC2 is a promising biomarker and is considered better and could help in HCC diagnosis on top of HCV than MALAT1 and the routine biomarker AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M. Golam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. F. Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek I. Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Essam A. Hassan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud R. M. El-Ansary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser I. Kandil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University–Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Mably JD, Wang DZ. Long non-coding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: functions, mechanisms and clinical prospects. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:326-345. [PMID: 37985696 PMCID: PMC11031336 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The surge in reports describing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has focused attention on their possible biological roles and effects on development and disease. ncRNAs have been touted as previously uncharacterized regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, possibly working to fine-tune these functions. The sheer number of ncRNAs identified has outpaced the capacity to characterize each molecule thoroughly and to reliably establish its clinical relevance; it has, nonetheless, created excitement about their potential as molecular targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat human disease. In this Review, we focus on one category of ncRNAs - long non-coding RNAs - and their expression, functions and molecular mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We further discuss the prospects for this specific class of ncRNAs as novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Mably
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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23
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Shalaby R, Ibrahim S, Kotb AAW, Baz S, Hafed L, Shaker O, Afifi S. MALAT1 as a potential salivary biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma through targeting miRNA-124. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2075-2083. [PMID: 37703315 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the long non-coding RNA "MALAT1" measured in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and assess the salivary expression of microRNA-124, which MALAT1 targets. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty subjects were collected in a consecutive pattern and allocated into two groups. Group A included 20 patients with OSCC, while Group B included 20 healthy subjects. Salivary expression of MALAT1 and microRNA (miRNA)-124 was evaluated in the two study groups using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and correlated with histopathological examination of OSCC subjects. RESULTS OSCC yielded a statistically significant higher expression of MALAT1 than healthy controls and a lower expression of miRNA-124 in OSCC than controls. There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between salivary MALAT1 and miRNA-124. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference in the MALAT1 expression in saliva samples from metastatic cases compared with non-metastatic cases, as well as in patients with lymph node involvement compared with those without involvement. At a cut-off value of 2.24, salivary MALAT1 exhibited 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity in differentiating OSCC from healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Salivary MALAT1 acts as a sponge for miRNA-124 and could be a potential salivary biomarker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Shalaby
- Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Sally Ibrahim
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ali A W Kotb
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa Baz
- Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt
| | - Layla Hafed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Al-Mamoon Diagnostic Medical Center, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salsabeel Afifi
- Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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24
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Gu X, Hou J, Rao J, Weng R, Liu S. LncRNA MALAT1 suppresses monocyte-endothelial cell interactions by targeting miR-30b-5p and enhancing ATG5-mediated autophagy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28882. [PMID: 38601614 PMCID: PMC11004576 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions are one of the earliest events in the development of atherosclerosis and play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Although attempts have been made to modulate this interaction, the underlying molecular signalling mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in monocyte-EC interactions. Methods The expression of MALAT1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, CCL2 and CXCL1 was evaluated in ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and inflamed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The regulatory impact of MALAT1 on cell adhesion molecules, monocyte-EC adhesion, and autophagy was assessed. The interactions between MALAT1 and microRNAs (miRNAs) were evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Results MALAT1 expression decreased in ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and inflammatory HUVECs. MALAT1 overexpression suppressed the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CXCL1, and reduced the migration and adhesion of monocytes to ECs. Inhibition of MALAT1 promoted cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-EC interactions. Mechanistically, MALAT1 binds directly to miR-30b-5p and decreases its effective expression by functioning as an endogenous sponge, thereby increasing the expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) and stimulates endothelial autophagy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MALAT1 suppresses monocyte-EC interactions by targeting miR-30b-5p and enhancing ATG5-mediated endothelial autophagy. These data imply that MALAT1 may play a protective role at the early stages of the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Meizhou Clinical Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Meizhou, 514000, China
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, 514031, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514000, China
| | - Jingyuan Hou
- Meizhou Clinical Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Meizhou, 514000, China
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, 514031, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514000, China
| | - Jiawei Rao
- Meizhou Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Meizhou, 514000, China
| | - Ruiqiang Weng
- Meizhou Clinical Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Meizhou, 514000, China
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, 514031, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514000, China
| | - Sudong Liu
- Meizhou Clinical Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Meizhou, 514000, China
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, 514031, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514000, China
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25
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Gao J, Shi W, Wang J, Guan C, Dong Q, Sheng J, Zou X, Xu Z, Ge Y, Yang C, Li J, Bao H, Zhong X, Cui Y. Research progress and applications of epigenetic biomarkers in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1308309. [PMID: 38681199 PMCID: PMC11048075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1308309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are heritable changes in gene expression without changes in the nucleotide sequence of genes. Epigenetic changes play an important role in the development of cancer and in the process of malignancy metastasis. Previous studies have shown that abnormal epigenetic changes can be used as biomarkers for disease status and disease prediction. The reversibility and controllability of epigenetic modification changes also provide new strategies for early disease prevention and treatment. In addition, corresponding drug development has also reached the clinical stage. In this paper, we will discuss the recent progress and application status of tumor epigenetic biomarkers from three perspectives: DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and histone modification, in order to provide new opportunities for additional tumor research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wujiang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Canghai Guan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfu Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Sheng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlei Zou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifei Ge
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengru Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haolin Bao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Piórkowska K, Zygmunt K, Hunter W, Wróblewska K. MALAT1: A Long Non-Coding RNA with Multiple Functions and Its Role in Processes Associated with Fat Deposition. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:479. [PMID: 38674413 PMCID: PMC11049917 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) belongs to the lncRNA molecules, which are involved in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation and the control of gene expression, including the mechanism of chromatin remodeling. MALAT1 was first discovered during carcinogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma, hence its name. In humans, 66 of its isoforms have been identified, and in pigs, only 2 are predicted, for which information is available in Ensembl databases (Ensembl Release 111). MALAT1 is expressed in numerous tissues, including adipose, adrenal gland, heart, kidney, liver, ovary, pancreas, sigmoid colon, small intestine, spleen, and testis. MALAT1, as an lncRNA, shows a wide range of functions. It is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, where it has pro-proliferative effects and high cellular levels during the G1/S and mitotic (M) phases. Moreover, it is involved in invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, and it has a crucial function in alternative splicing during carcinogenesis. In addition, MALAT1 plays a significant role in the processes of fat deposition and adipogenesis. The human adipose tissue stem cells, during differentiation into adipocytes, secrete MALAT1 as one the most abundant lncRNAs in the exosomes. MALAT1 expression in fat tissue is positively correlated with adipogenic FABP4 and LPL. This lncRNA is involved in the regulation of PPARγ at the transcription stage, fatty acid metabolism, and insulin signaling. The wide range of MALAT1 functions makes it an interesting target in studies searching for drugs to prevent obesity development in humans. In turn, in farm animals, it can be a source of selection markers to control the fat tissue content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piórkowska
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology, 31-047 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Karolina Zygmunt
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology, 31-047 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Walter Hunter
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Cracow, 31-120 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Ksenia Wróblewska
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology, 31-047 Cracow, Poland; (K.Z.); (K.W.)
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27
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Li J, Dhilipkannah P, Holden VK, Sachdeva A, Todd NW, Jiang F. Dysregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 Contributes to Lung Cancer in African Americans by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.04.24305363. [PMID: 38633795 PMCID: PMC11023666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.24305363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
African American (AA) populations present with notably higher incidence and mortality rates from lung cancer in comparison to other racial groups. Here, we elucidate the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the racial disparities and their potential clinical applications in both diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. AA patients had elevated plasma levels of MALAT1 and PVT1 compared with cancer-free smokers. Incorporating these lncRNAs as plasma biomarkers, along with smoking history, achieved 81% accuracy in diagnosis of lung cancer in AA patients. We observed a rise in MALAT1 expression, correlating with increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and CD68, CD163, CD206, indicative of tumor-associated macrophages in lung tumors of AA patients. Forced MALAT1 expression led to enhanced growth and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by elevated levels of MCP-1, CD68, CD163, CD206, and KI67. Mechanistically, MALAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA to directly interact with miR-206, subsequently affecting MCP-1 expression and macrophage activity, and enhanced the tumorigenesis. Targeting MALAT1 significantly reduced tumor sizes in animal models. Therefore, dysregulated MALAT1 contributes to lung cancer disparities in AAs by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment through its interaction with miR-206, thereby presenting novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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28
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Zhang Y, Shao Y, Ren J, Fang Y, Yang B, Lu S, Liu P. NCAPD3 exerts tumor-promoting effects in prostatic cancer via dual impact on miR-30a-5p by STAT3-MALAT1 and MYC. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:159. [PMID: 38561330 PMCID: PMC10985108 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3) is a subunit of the non-structural maintenance of chromosomes condensin II complex, which involves chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis. NCAPD3 has recently been demonstrated as a crucial oncogenic factor. However, the underlying mechanism of NCAPD3 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains not completely clear. In this study, we confirmed that lncRNA MALAT1 was induced by NCAPD3-STAT3, and the expression of miR-30a-5p was controlled by NCAPD3 in PCa cells by miRNA-seq. Through quantitative real-time PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assay, we demonstrated that miR-30a-5p was lowly expressed in PCa cells and tissues compared to the controls, which was contrary to NCAPD3 expression and markedly downregulated by NCAPD3. Then, MALAT1 was analyzed for the complementary sequence in the potential interaction with miR-30a-5p by using the predicted target module of public databases. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were carried out to verify that MALAT1 functioned as a sponge for miR-30a-5p to reduce miR-30a-5p expression. Meanwhile, MYC acted as a transcriptional repressor to directly bind the promoter of the miR-30a-5p located gene and repress the miR-30a-5p expression. Furthermore, the upregulation of NCAPD3 on cell viability and migration was significantly attenuated in PC-3 cells when miR-30a-5p was overexpressed. NCAPD3 overexpression also accelerated tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model and repressed miR-30-5p. In summary, this work elucidates NCAPD3 inhibits miR-30a-5p through two pathways: increasing STAT3-MALAT1 to sponge miR-30a-5p and increasing MYC to directly inhibit miR-30a-5p transcription, which could serve as potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bolin Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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29
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Oh CK, Cho YS. Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration. Intest Res 2024; 22:131-151. [PMID: 38295766 PMCID: PMC11079515 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC tumorigenesis results from a cumulative set of genetic and epigenetic alterations, disrupting cancer-regulatory processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death, invasion, and metastasis. Key epigenetic modifications observed in cancers encompass abnormal DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications, and irregularities in noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. The advancement in genomic technologies has positioned these genetic and epigenetic shifts as potential clinical biomarkers for CRC patients. This review concisely covers the fundamental principles of CRC-associated epigenetic changes, and examines in detail their emerging role as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyo Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Imran M, Abida, Eltaib L, Siddique MI, Kamal M, Asdaq SMB, Singla N, Al-Hajeili M, Alhakami FA, AlQarni AF, Abdulkhaliq AA, Rabaan AA. Beyond the genome: MALAT1's role in advancing urologic cancer care. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155226. [PMID: 38452585 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Urologic cancers (UCs), which include bladder, kidney, and prostate tumors, account for almost a quarter of all malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are tissue-specific RNAs that influence cell growth, death, and division. LncRNAs are dysregulated in UCs, and their abnormal expression may allow them to be used in cancer detection, outlook, and therapy. With the identification of several novel lncRNAs and significant exploration of their functions in various illnesses, particularly cancer, the study of lncRNAs has evolved into a new obsession. MALAT1 is a flexible tumor regulator implicated in an array of biological activities and disorders, resulting in an important research issue. MALAT1 appears as a hotspot, having been linked to the dysregulation of cell communication, and is intimately linked to cancer genesis, advancement, and response to treatment. MALAT1 additionally operates as a competitive endogenous RNA, binding to microRNAs and resuming downstream mRNA transcription and operation. This regulatory system influences cell growth, apoptosis, motility, penetration, and cell cycle pausing. MALAT1's evaluation and prognosis significance are highlighted, with a thorough review of its manifestation levels in several UC situations and its association with clinicopathological markers. The investigation highlights MALAT1's adaptability as a possible treatment target, providing fresh ways for therapy in UCs as we integrate existing information The article not only gathers current knowledge on MALAT1's activities but also lays the groundwork for revolutionary advances in the treatment of UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Eltaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neelam Singla
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23624, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Abdulaziz Alhakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Farhan AlQarni
- Histopathology Laboratory, Najran Armed Forces Hospital, Najran 66251, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf A Abdulkhaliq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
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31
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Khalafizadeh A, Hashemizadegan SD, Shokri F, Bakhshinejad B, Jabbari K, Motavaf M, Babashah S. Competitive endogenous RNA networks: Decoding the role of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in colorectal cancer chemoresistance. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18197. [PMID: 38506091 PMCID: PMC10951891 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies across the globe. Despite significant progress in designing novel treatments for CRC, there is a pressing need for more effective therapeutic approaches. Unfortunately, many patients undergoing chemotherapy develop drug resistance, posing a significant challenge for cancer treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to play crucial roles in CRC development and its response to chemotherapy. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of interactions among various ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). These ncRNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors, affecting numerous biological functions in different cancers including CRC. A class of ncRNA molecules known as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) has emerged as a key player in various cellular processes. These molecules form networks through lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA and circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interactions. In CRC, dysregulation of ceRNA networks has been observed across various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. These dysregulations are believed to play a significant role in the progression of CRC and, in certain instances, may contribute to the development of chemoresistance. Enriching our knowledge of these dysregulations holds promise for advancing the field of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for CRC. In this review, we discuss lncRNA- and circRNA-associated ceRNA networks implicated in the emergence and advancement of drug resistance in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalafizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Fatemeh Shokri
- Research and Development Center of BiotechnologyTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Keyvan Jabbari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
- Research and Development Center of BiotechnologyTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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Li Y, Fan H, Han X, Sun J, Ni M, Hou X, Fang F, Zhang W, Ma P. Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Protects Against Spinal Cord Injury via Suppressing microRNA-125b-5p Mediated Microglial M1 Polarization, Neuroinflammation, and Neural Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2136-2150. [PMID: 37858031 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have discovered that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 and its target microRNA-125b-5p (miR-125b-5p) are implicated in neurological diseases via regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. This study aimed to further explore the relationship between lncRNA MALAT1 and miR-125b-5p, as well as their effect on microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and neural apoptosis in spinal cord injury (SCI). Primary microglia from Sprague Dawley rats were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, microglia were transfected with lncRNA MALAT1 overexpression or knock-down adenovirus-associated virus with or without miR-125b-5p mimic. The culture medium of microglia was incubated with primary neurons. SCI rats were established for in vivo validation. LncRNA MALAT1 expression was reduced by LPS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. LncRNA MALAT1 overexpression suppressed the microglial M1 polarization (decreased iNOS but increased ARG1), neuroinflammation (declined PTGS2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and microglia-induced neural apoptosis (lower TUNEL positive cells and C-caspase3 but higher BCL2) under LPS treatment; its knock-down displayed the opposite trend. Moreover, lncRNA MALAT1 directly bound to and negatively regulated miR-125b-5p. MiR-125b-5p mimic promoted microglial M1 polarization, neuroinflammation, and microglia-induced neural apoptosis following LPS treatment; also, it could attenuate the effect of lncRNA MALAT1. Further in vivo study displayed that lncRNA MALAT1 overexpression elevated the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan motor function score and improved neural injury. Also, in vivo validation indicated a similar effect of lncRNA MALAT1 on microglial polarization and neuroinflammation as in vitro. LncRNA MALAT1 improves SCI recovery via miR-125b-5p mediated microglial M1 polarization, neuroinflammation, and neural apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hua Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Xiong Han
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaodan Hou
- Ward of Heart Failure, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Fengqin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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Teng M, Xia ZJ, Lo N, Daud K, He HH. Assembling the RNA therapeutics toolbox. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:110-128. [PMID: 38680684 PMCID: PMC11046573 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
From the approval of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to the 2023 Nobel Prize awarded for nucleoside base modifications, RNA therapeutics have entered the spotlight and are transforming drug development. While the term "RNA therapeutics" has been used in various contexts, this review focuses on treatments that utilize RNA as a component or target RNA for therapeutic effects. We summarize the latest advances in RNA-targeting tools and RNA-based technologies, including but not limited to mRNA, antisense oligos, siRNAs, small molecules and RNA editors. We focus on the mechanisms of current FDA-approved therapeutics but also provide a discussion on the upcoming workforces. The clinical utility of RNA-based therapeutics is enabled not only by the advances in RNA technologies but in conjunction with the significant improvements in chemical modifications and delivery platforms, which are also briefly discussed in the review. We summarize the latest RNA therapeutics based on their mechanisms and therapeutic effects, which include expressing proteins for vaccination and protein replacement therapies, degrading deleterious RNA, modulating transcription and translation efficiency, targeting noncoding RNAs, binding and modulating protein activity and editing RNA sequences and modifications. This review emphasizes the concept of an RNA therapeutic toolbox, pinpointing the readers to all the tools available for their desired research and clinical goals. As the field advances, the catalog of RNA therapeutic tools continues to grow, further allowing researchers to combine appropriate RNA technologies with suitable chemical modifications and delivery platforms to develop therapeutics tailored to their specific clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Teng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziting Judy Xia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Lo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kashif Daud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gandhi P, Wang Y, Li G, Wang S. The role of long noncoding RNAs in ocular angiogenesis and vascular oculopathy. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:39. [PMID: 38521951 PMCID: PMC10961000 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts over 200 nucleotides in length that do not code for proteins. Initially considered a genomic mystery, an increasing number of lncRNAs have been shown to have vital roles in physiological and pathological conditions by regulating gene expression through diverse mechanisms depending on their subcellular localization. Dysregulated angiogenesis is responsible for various vascular oculopathies, including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and corneal neovascularization. While anti-VEGF treatment is available, it is not curative, and long-term outcomes are suboptimal, and some patients are unresponsive. To better understand these diseases, researchers have investigated the role of lncRNAs in regulating angiogenesis and models of vascular oculopathies. This review summarizes recent research on lncRNAs in ocular angiogenesis, including the pro-angiogenic lncRNAs ANRIL, HOTAIR, HOTTIP, H19, IPW, MALAT1, MIAT, NEAT1, and TUG1, the anti-angiogenic lncRNAs MEG3 and PKNY, and the human/primate specific lncRNAs lncEGFL7OS, discussing their functions and mechanisms of action in vascular oculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali Gandhi
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Guigang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, P.R. China.
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Personalized Health Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Riondino S, Rosenfeld R, Formica V, Morelli C, Parisi G, Torino F, Mariotti S, Roselli M. Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with a Diagnosis of COPD: Is This a Hidden Prognosticator for Survival and a Risk Factor for Immune-Related Adverse Events? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1251. [PMID: 38610929 PMCID: PMC11011072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complex and multifaceted. In COPD, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can lead to immune dysfunction that can exacerbate lung damage, further worsening the respiratory symptoms. In NSCLC, immune cells can recognise and attack the cancer cells, which, however, can evade or suppress the immune response by various mechanisms, such as expressing immune checkpoint proteins or secreting immunosuppressive cytokines, thus creating an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment that promotes cancer progression and metastasis. The interaction between COPD and NSCLC further complicates the immune response. In patients with both diseases, COPD can impair the immune response against cancer cells by reducing or suppressing the activity of immune cells, or altering their cytokine profile. Moreover, anti-cancer treatments can also affect the immune system and worsen COPD symptoms by causing lung inflammation and fibrosis. Immunotherapy itself can also cause immune-related adverse events that could worsen the respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD-compromised lungs. In the present review, we tried to understand the interplay between the two pathologies and how the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients with COPD is affected in these patients.
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Lin SH, Lu JW, Hsieh WT, Chou YE, Su TC, Tsai TJ, Tsai YJ, Yang PJ, Yang SF. Evaluation of the clinical significance of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 genetic variants in human lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5740-5750. [PMID: 38517388 PMCID: PMC11006483 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent histological subtype of lung cancer, which is the most common malignant tumor and the main cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Recent reports revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis development in lung cancer. However, the contribution of MALAT1 genetic variants to the development of LUAD is unclear, especially in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. In this study, 272 LADC patients with different EGFR status were recruited to dissect the allelic discrimination of the MALAT1 polymorphisms at rs3200401, rs619586, and rs1194338. The findings of the study showed that MALAT1 polymorphisms rs3200401, rs619586, and rs1194338 were not associated to LUAD susceptibility; however, rs3200401 polymorphisms was significantly correlated to EGFR wild-type status and tumor stages in LUAD patients in dominant model (p=0.016). Further analyses using the datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that lower MALAT1 mRNA levels were associated with the advanced stage, and lymph node metastasis in LADC patients. In conclusion, our results showed that MALAT1 rs3200401 polymorphisms dramatically raised the probability of LUAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wang-Ting Hsieh
- The Affiliated High School of Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Su
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Jen Tsai
- The Affiliated High School of Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jung Tsai
- Translational Pathology Core Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Yang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sridhara S. Multiple structural flavors of RNase P in precursor tRNA processing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1835. [PMID: 38479802 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The precursor transfer RNAs (pre-tRNAs) require extensive processing to generate mature tRNAs possessing proper fold, structural stability, and functionality required to sustain cellular viability. The road to tRNA maturation follows an ordered process: 5'-processing, 3'-processing, modifications at specific sites, if any, and 3'-CCA addition before aminoacylation and recruitment to the cellular protein synthesis machinery. Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a universally conserved endonuclease in all domains of life, performing the hydrolysis of pre-tRNA sequences at the 5' end by the removal of phosphodiester linkages between nucleotides at position -1 and +1. Except for an archaeal species: Nanoarchaeum equitans where tRNAs are transcribed from leaderless-position +1, RNase P is indispensable for life and displays fundamental variations in terms of enzyme subunit composition, mechanism of substrate recognition and active site architecture, utilizing in all cases a two metal ion-mediated conserved catalytic reaction. While the canonical RNA-based ribonucleoprotein RNase P has been well-known to occur in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, the occurrence of RNA-free protein-only RNase P in eukaryotes and RNA-free homologs of Aquifex RNase P in prokaryotes has been discovered more recently. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of structural diversity displayed by various RNA-based and RNA-free RNase P holoenzymes towards harnessing critical RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions in achieving conserved pre-tRNA processing functionality. Furthermore, alternate roles and functional interchangeability of RNase P are discussed in the context of its employability in several clinical and biotechnological applications. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > tRNA Processing RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sridhara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shobeiri P, Arabzadeh Bahri R, Khadembashiri MM, Khadembashiri MA, Maleki S, Eslami M, Khalili Dehkordi M, Behnoush AH, Rezaei N. Role of long non-coding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2029. [PMID: 38517409 PMCID: PMC10959185 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), as a rare malignancy of the biliary tree, has a poor prognosis most of the time. CCA is highly epigenetically regulated and several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been investigated to have a diagnostic and prognostic role in CCA. The current study aimed to assess the studies finding relevant lncRNAs in CCA systematically. METHODS International databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were comprehensively searched in order to identify studies investigating any lncRNA in CCA. After screening by title/abstract and full-text, necessary data were extracted. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed for pooling the areas under the curve (AUCs), specificity, and sensitivity of lncRNAs for the diagnosis of CCA. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were chosen to be included in the final analysis, comprised of 2677 patients. Meta-analysis of AUCs for evaluation of CCA resulted in pooled AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.82; I2 = 69.11, p < .01). Additionally, overall sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.84) and specificity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68-0.84) were observed. Measurement of lncRANs in the assessment of CCA also improved overall survival significantly (effect size 1.61, 95% CI: 1.39-1.82). A similar result was found for progression-free survival (effect size 1.57, 95% CI: 1.20-1.93). CONCLUSION Based on our findings, lncRNAs showed promising results as biomarkers in the diagnosis of CCA since they had acceptable sensitivity and specificity, in addition to the fact that improved survival in this poor prognosis cancer. Further studies might be needed to address this issue and find the best clinically useful lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Shobeiri
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), TehranIran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Razman Arabzadeh Bahri
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Urology Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohamad Mehdi Khadembashiri
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohamad Amin Khadembashiri
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saba Maleki
- School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Mohammad Eslami
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), TehranIran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), TehranIran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Kadian LK, Verma D, Lohani N, Yadav R, Ranga S, Gulshan G, Pal S, Kumari K, Chauhan SS. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer: multifaceted roles and potential targets for immunotherapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1. [PMID: 38413478 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates mainly due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression in human cancer, functioning through various mechanisms including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and indirectly regulating miRNA expression. LncRNAs have been found to have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in cancer, with the former promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and poor prognosis. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs are expressed in various immune cells and are involved in cancer cell immune escape and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus highlighting their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Targeting lncRNAs in cancer or immune cells could enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. However, further research is required to fully understand the functional roles of lncRNAs in cancer and the immune system and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in human cancers, with a focus on their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion, we provide insights into the diverse therapeutic applications of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Kadian
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Dept of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Deepika Verma
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neelam Lohani
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Gulshan Gulshan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanghapriya Pal
- Dept of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Dept of Forensic Science, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Li SN, Li MX, Guo WW, Zhang LR, Ding YH, Wu XJ. LINC02561 promotes metastasis in HCC via HIF1-α/NDRG1/UPF1 axis. Gene 2024; 896:148033. [PMID: 38013127 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In the entire world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers that lead to death. Experiments on the function of long non-coding RNAs in the emergence of malignancies, including HCC, are ongoing. As a crucial RNA monitoring mechanism in eucaryotic cells, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) can recognize and destroy mRNAs, which has an premature termination codons (PTC) in the open reading frame to prevent harmful buildup of truncated protein products in the cells. Nonsense transcript regulator 1 (Up-frameshift suppressor 1, UPF1), as a highly conserved RNA helicase and ATPase, plays a key role in NMD. Our laboratory screened out the highly expressed lncRNA LINC02561 in HCC from the TCGA database. Further research found that LINC02561 enhanced the invasion and transition abilities of liver cancer cells by regulating the protein N-Myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1). Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) can bonded to LINC02561 promoters under hypoxic conditions, thereby promoting the upregulation of LINC02561 expression in liver cancer cells. LINC02561 competes with NDRG1 mRNA to bind UPF1, thereby preventing the degradation of NDRG1 mRNA to facilitate NDRG1 protein level. Taken together, the HIF1α-LINC02561-UPF1-NDRG1 regulatory axis could be an entirely novel target of liver cancer-related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Li
- China University of Mining and Technology, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Li
- China University of Mining and Technology, China
| | - Wen-Wen Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Municipal First People's Hospital, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | | | - Yun-He Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Municipal First People's Hospital, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Municipal First People's Hospital, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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Flores-Concha M, Gómez LA, Soto-Shara R, Molina RE, Coloma-Rivero RF, Montero DA, Ferrari Í, Oñate Á. Brucella abortus triggers the differential expression of immunomodulatory lncRNAs in infected murine macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352306. [PMID: 38464511 PMCID: PMC10921354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are the most diverse group of non-coding RNAs and are involved in most biological processes including the immune response. While some of them have been recognized for their influence on the regulation of inflammatory activity, little is known in the context of infection by Brucella abortus, a pathogen that presents significant challenges due to its ability to manipulate and evade the host immune system. This study focuses on characterize the expression profile of LincRNA-cox2, Lethe, lincRNA-EPS, Malat1 and Gas5 during infection of macrophages by B. abortus. Methods Using public raw RNA-seq datasets we constructed for a lncRNA expression profile in macrophages Brucella-infected. In addition, from public RNA-seq raw datasets of RAW264.7 cells infected with B. abortus we constructed a transcriptomic profile of lncRNAs in order to know the expression of the five immunomodulating lncRNAs studied here at 8 and 24 h post-infection. Finally, we performed in vitro infection assays in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages to detect by qPCR changes in the expression of these lncRNAs at first 12 hours post infection, a key stage in the infection cycle where Brucella modulates the immune response to survive. Results Our results demonstrate that infection of macrophages with Brucella abortus, induces significant changes in the expression of LincRNA-Cox2, Lethe, LincRNA-EPS, Gas5, and Malat1. Discussion The change in the expression profile of these immunomodulatory lncRNAs in response to infection, suggest a potential involvement in the immune evasion strategy employed by Brucella to facilitate its intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Lu X, Zhang D. Expression of lncRNAs in glioma: A lighthouse for patients with glioma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24799. [PMID: 38322836 PMCID: PMC10844031 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumour in the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 30 % of the primary tumours of this system. The World Health Organization grades for glioma include: Grade I (pilocytic astrocytoma), Grade II (astrocytoma, oligodastoma, etc.), Grade III (anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodastoma, etc.) and Grade IV (glioblastoma). With grade increases, the proliferation, invasion and other malignant biological properties of the glioma are enhanced, and the treatment results are less satisfactory. The overall survival of patients with glioblastoma is less than 15 months. Recent research has focused on the roles of long non-coding RNAs, previously regarded as "transcriptional noise", in diseases, leading to a new understanding of these roles. Therefore, we conducted this review to explore the progress of research regarding the expression and mechanism of long non-coding RNAs in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Cheeran EA, Salamah J, Lee BK. Mechanistic actions of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 within the ovary and at the feto-maternal interface. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:301. [PMID: 38353828 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are being unveiled as crucial regulators of several biological processes and pathways. Among the lncRNAs is metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), which is also known as nuclear enriched abundant transcript 2 (NEAT2). MALAT1 is highly conserved in mammals, and controls cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in both physiological and pathological conditions. Roles of MALAT1 in the female reproductive system are gradually getting explored. Within the ovarian micro-environment, the physiological expression of MALAT1 potentially modulates folliculogenesis while its upregulation promotes the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancers. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome have been shown to exhibit aberrant ovarian expression of MALAT1 and this is believed to contribute to the development of the disease. At the feto-maternal interface, MALAT1 potentially promotes trophoblast development. While its placental downregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, its placental upregulation is associated with placenta increta and placenta percreta. Hence, abnormal expression of MALAT1 is a candidate molecular biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of these obstetric and gynecologic anomalies. To enhance a quick uncovering and detailed characterization of the mechanistic actions of MALAT1 in the female reproductive system, we have highlighted some knowledge deficits and have recommended ideal experimental models to be employed in prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
| | - Elisha Ann Cheeran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Joudi Salamah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
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Amir N, Taube R. Role of long noncoding RNA in regulating HIV infection-a comprehensive review. mBio 2024; 15:e0192523. [PMID: 38179937 PMCID: PMC10865847 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01925-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A complete cure against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains out of reach, as the virus persists in stable cell reservoirs that are resistant to antiretroviral therapy. The key to eliminating these reservoirs lies in deciphering the processes that govern viral gene expression and latency. However, while we comprehensively understand how host proteins influence HIV gene expression and viral latency, the emerging role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of T cell activation, HIV gene expression, and viral latency remain unexplored. This review dives into the evolving significance of lncRNAs and their impact on HIV gene expression and viral latency. We provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding how lncRNAs regulate HIV gene expression, categorizing them as either activators or inhibitors of viral gene expression and infectivity. Furthermore, we offer insights into the potential therapeutic applications of lncRNAs in combatting HIV. A deeper understanding of how lncRNAs modulate HIV gene transcription holds promise for developing novel RNA-based therapies to complement existing treatment strategies to eradicate HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Amir
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
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Xie Y, Chen L, Wang L, Liu T, Zheng Y, Si L, Ge H, Xu H, Xiao L, Wang G. Single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis reveals the relationship between gene expression in oligodendrocyte lineage and major depressive disorder. J Transl Med 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38281050 PMCID: PMC10822185 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide and imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Previous studies on MDD predominantly focused on neurons and employed bulk homogenates of brain tissues. This paper aims to decipher the relationship between oligodendrocyte lineage (OL) development and MDD at the single-cell resolution level. METHODS Here, we present the use of a guided regularized random forest (GRRF) algorithm to explore single-nucleus RNA sequencing profiles (GSE144136) of the OL at four developmental stages, which contains dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 17 healthy controls (HC) and 17 MDD cases, generated by Nagy C et al. We prioritized and ordered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on Nagy et al., which could predominantly discriminate cells in the four developmental stages and two adjacent developmental stages of the OL. We further screened top-ranked genes that distinguished between HC and MDD in four developmental stages. Moreover, we estimated the performance of the GRRF model via the area under the curve value. Additionally, we validated the pivotal candidate gene Malat1 in animal models. RESULTS We found that, among the four developmental stages, the onset development of OL (OPC2) possesses the best predictive power for distinguishing HC and MDD, and long noncoding RNA MALAT1 has top-ranked importance value in candidate genes of four developmental stages. In addition, results of fluorescence in situ hybridization assay showed that Malat1 plays a critical role in the occurrence of depression. CONCLUSIONS Our work elucidates the mechanism of MDD from the perspective of OL development at the single-cell resolution level and provides novel insight into the occurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Xie
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leimin Wang
- School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongou Liu
- The First Clinical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yage Zheng
- Judicial Appraisal Institute, Renmin Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujia Si
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Ge
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Mahato RK, Bhattacharya S, Khullar N, Sidhu IS, Reddy PH, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 technology: A novel paradigm for precision oncology. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:98-119. [PMID: 38065367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, despite recent advances in its identification and management. To improve cancer patient diagnosis and care, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers and molecular targets. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have surfaced as important contributors to various cellular activities, with growing proof indicating their substantial role in the genesis, development, and spread of cancer. Their unique expression profiles within specific tissues and their wide-ranging functionalities make lncRNAs excellent candidates for potential therapeutic intervention in cancer management. They are implicated in multiple hallmarks of cancer, such as uncontrolled proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. This review article explores the innovative application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in targeting lncRNAs as a cancer therapeutic strategy. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely applied in functional genomics, gene therapy, and cancer research, offering a versatile platform for lncRNA targeting. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeting of lncRNAs can be achieved through CRISPR interference, activation or the complete knockout of lncRNA loci. Combining CRISPR-Cas9 technology with high-throughput functional genomics makes it possible to identify lncRNAs critical for the survival of specific cancer subtypes, opening the door for tailored treatments and personalised cancer therapies. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated lncRNA targeting with other cutting-edge cancer therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted molecular therapeutics can be used to overcome the drug resistance in cancer. The synergy of lncRNA research and CRISPR-Cas9 technology presents immense potential for individualized cancer treatment, offering renewed hope in the battle against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Mahato
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Srinjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Inderpal Singh Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Jalink EA, Schonk AW, Boon RA, Juni RP. Non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1300375. [PMID: 38259314 PMCID: PMC10800550 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the largest unmet clinical need in cardiovascular medicine. Despite decades of research, the treatment option for HFpEF is still limited, indicating our ongoing incomplete understanding on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs, comprising of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are non-protein coding RNA transcripts, which are implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. However, their role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF is unknown. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs that are involved in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, namely microvascular dysfunction, inflammation, diastolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis. We interrogated clinical evidence and dissected the molecular mechanisms of the ncRNAs by looking at the relevant in vivo and in vitro models that mimic the co-morbidities in patients with HFpEF. Finally, we discuss the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic targets for future HFpEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A. Jalink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amber W. Schonk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rio P. Juni
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bai S, Guo J, Zhang H. A meta-analysis of the clinicopathological significance of the lncRNA MALAT1 in human gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1257120. [PMID: 38239645 PMCID: PMC10794718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1257120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been linked to some oncogenic pathways that induce cancer initiation and progression. This meta-analysis was conducted to specifically summarize the most recent research on MALAT1 function in human gastric cancer (GC). Methods The eligible studies were first identified by searching HowNet, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Nature databases for studies published as of April 1, 2023. The meta-analysis included 14 studies assessing MALAT1 expression and presenting clinical parameters and survival outcomes. Results The results illustrated that high MALAT1 expression is predictive of lymph node metastasis (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.97-4.54, P < 0.001) and distant metastasis in GC (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.68-5.75, P < 0.001). In addition, MALAT1 was associated with GC tumor invasion (T3/T4 vs. T1/T2: OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.90- 4.41, P <0.001) and TNM stage (III/IV vs I/II: OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.80-4.77, P <0.001). Additionally, higher MALAT-1 expression predicted poorer overall survival in patients with GC (hazard ratio = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.20-2.09, P < 0.001). Conclusions The current findings suggest that the high MALAT1 expression is an adverse biomarker for prognostic outcomes, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and distant metastasis in GC and MALAT1 could be a prognostic biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Bai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Hussein MA, Valinezhad K, Adel E, Munirathinam G. MALAT-1 Is a Key Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:234. [PMID: 38201661 PMCID: PMC10778055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT-1) is a long intergenic non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located on chr11q13. It is overexpressed in several cancers and controls gene expression through chromatin modification, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional regulation. Importantly, MALAT-1 stimulates cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis and serves a vital role in driving the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), subsequently acquiring cancer stem cell-like properties and developing drug resistance. MALAT-1 modulates EMT by interacting with various intracellular signaling pathways, notably the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. It also behaves like a sponge for microRNAs, preventing their interaction with target genes and promoting EMT. In addition, we have used bioinformatics online tools to highlight the disparities in the expression of MALAT-1 between normal and cancer samples using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Furthermore, the intricate interplay of MALAT-1 with several essential targets of cancer progression and metastasis renders it a good candidate for therapeutic interventions. Several innovative approaches have been exploited to target MALAT-1, such as short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and natural products. This review emphasizes the interplay between MALAT-1 and EMT in modulating cancer metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo 57357, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Kamyab Valinezhad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
| | - Eman Adel
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
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Shah M, Sarkar D. HCC-Related lncRNAs: Roles and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:597. [PMID: 38203767 PMCID: PMC10779127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a significant global health threat, particularly in regions endemic to hepatitis B and C viruses, and because of the ongoing pandemic of obesity causing metabolic-dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a precursor to HCC. The molecular intricacies of HCC, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated signaling pathways facilitate personalized treatment strategies based on molecular profiling. Epigenetic regulation, encompassing DNA methyltion, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, functions as a critical layer influencing HCC development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are spotlighted for their diverse roles in gene regulation and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer. In this review, we explore the pivotal role of lncRNAs in HCC, including MAFLD and viral hepatitis, the most prevalent risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in HCC progression by modulating chromatin regulation and transcription, sponging miRNAs, and influencing structural functions. The ongoing studies on lncRNAs contribute to a deeper comprehension of HCC pathogenesis and offer promising routes for precision medicine, highlighting the utility of lncRNAs as early biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimansha Shah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, and VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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