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Teufelsbauer M, Stickler S, Eggerstorfer MT, Hammond DC, Hamilton G. BET-directed PROTACs in triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07403-w. [PMID: 38896334 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to find whether the proliferation and migration of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines can be reduced by treatment with bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 and BET protein targeting chimeras (PROTACs) ARV-771 and MZ1. METHODS Cytotoxicity tests, scratch migration assays and western blot proteome profiler arrays for protein expression of cancer-related proteins were used to evaluate the impact of a BET-inhibitor and two BET-directed PROTACs on cell viability, migration and on protein expression. RESULTS JQ1 and the PROTACs MZ1 and ARV-771 significantly inhibited the growth and migration of the KRAS G13D-mutated MDA-MB-231 cells. In this cell line, the PROTACs suppressed the residual expression of ERBB2/HER2, 3 and 4 that are essential for the proliferation of breast cancer cells and this cell line proved sensitive to HER2 inhibitors. In contrast, the effects of the PROTACs on the protein expression of MDA-MB-436 cells mostly affected cytokines and their cognate receptors. CONCLUSION The degradation of BET-protein by PROTACs demonstrated significant anti-proliferative effects. The KRAS-mutated MDA-MB-231 cells belong to the low-HER2 expressing tumors that have a poorer prognosis compared to HER2-null patients. Since first oral PROTACs against tumor hormone receptors are in clinical trials, this mode of tumor therapy is expected to become an important therapeutic strategy in the future treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Teufelsbauer
- Clinics of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Stickler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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3
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Iannello M, Forni G, Piccinini G, Xu R, Martelossi J, Ghiselli F, Milani L. Signatures of Extreme Longevity: A Perspective from Bivalve Molecular Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad159. [PMID: 37647860 PMCID: PMC10646442 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among Metazoa, bivalves have the highest lifespan disparity, ranging from 1 to 500+ years, making them an exceptional testing ground to understand mechanisms underlying aging and the evolution of extended longevity. Nevertheless, comparative molecular evolution has been an overlooked approach in this instance. Here, we leveraged transcriptomic resources spanning 30 bivalve species to unravel the signatures of convergent molecular evolution in four long-lived species: Margaritifera margaritifera, Elliptio complanata, Lampsilis siliquoidea, and Arctica islandica (the latter represents the longest-lived noncolonial metazoan known so far). We applied a comprehensive approach-which included inference of convergent dN/dS, convergent positive selection, and convergent amino acid substitution-with a strong focus on the reduction of false positives. Genes with convergent evolution in long-lived bivalves show more physical and functional interactions to each other than expected, suggesting that they are biologically connected; this interaction network is enriched in genes for which a role in longevity has been experimentally supported in other species. This suggests that genes in the network are involved in extended longevity in bivalves and, consequently, that the mechanisms underlying extended longevity are-at least partially-shared across Metazoa. Although we believe that an integration of different genes and pathways is required for the extended longevity phenotype, we highlight the potential central roles of genes involved in cell proliferation control, translational machinery, and response to hypoxia, in lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Iannello
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giobbe Forni
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccinini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Martelossi
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Doha ZO, Sears RC. Unraveling MYC's Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:400-419. [PMID: 37755397 PMCID: PMC10537413 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types. MYC has emerged as a master regulator governing tumor intrinsic and tumor microenvironment interactions, supporting tumor progression and driving drug resistance. This review paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of the intricate mechanisms through which MYC influences tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. We delve into the signaling pathways and molecular networks orchestrated by MYC in the context of tumor intrinsic characteristics, such as proliferation, replication stress and DNA repair. Furthermore, we explore the impact of MYC on the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion, angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast remodeling. Understanding MYC's multifaceted role in driving drug resistance and tumor progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies and combination treatments that may effectively combat this devastating disease. Through an analysis of the current literature, this review's goal is to shed light on the complexities of MYC-driven oncogenesis and its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab O. Doha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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5
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Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:70. [PMID: 36797231 PMCID: PMC9935926 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors. Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of cancer cells, mediates the effects of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy through complex mechanisms, and is closely associated with poor prognosis in various cancer patients. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that through normalization of the tumor vasculature, nanoparticle carriers and biocarriers can effectively increase the oxygen concentration in the tumor microenvironment, improve drug delivery and the efficacy of radiotherapy. They also increase infiltration of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune cells to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, drugs targeting key genes associated with hypoxia, including hypoxia tracers, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, and drugs targeting hypoxia-inducible factors and downstream targets, can be used for visualization and quantitative analysis of tumor hypoxia and antitumor activity. However, the relationship between hypoxia and cancer is an area of research that requires further exploration. Here, we investigated the potential factors in the development of hypoxia in cancer, changes in signaling pathways that occur in cancer cells to adapt to hypoxic environments, the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced cancer immune tolerance, chemotherapeutic tolerance, and enhanced radiation tolerance, as well as the insights and applications of hypoxia in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fangfang Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. .,Lanzhou University Sencond Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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6
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Chen S, Wang Y, Li D, Wang H, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen L, Guo M, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Liang G, Xu L. Mechanisms Controlling MicroRNA Expression in Tumor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182852. [PMID: 36139427 PMCID: PMC9496884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely present in many organisms and regulate the expression of genes in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, metabolism, and development. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. MiRNA-based cancer gene therapy has consistently shown promising anti-tumor effects and is recognized as a new field in cancer treatment. So far, some clinical trials involving the treatment of malignancies have been carried out; however, studies of miRNA-based cancer gene therapy are still proceeding slowly. Therefore, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA can bring substantial benefits to the development of miRNA-based gene therapy or other combination therapies and the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression of miRNA in tumors is associated with promoter sequence mutation, epigenetic alteration, aberrant RNA modification, etc., showing the complexity of aberrant expression mechanisms of miRNA in tumors. In this paper, we systematically summarized the regulation mechanisms of miRNA expression in tumors, with the aim of providing assistance in the subsequent elucidation of the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis and the development of new strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
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7
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Acón M, Geiß C, Torres-Calvo J, Bravo-Estupiñan D, Oviedo G, Arias-Arias JL, Rojas-Matey LA, Edwin B, Vásquez-Vargas G, Oses-Vargas Y, Guevara-Coto J, Segura-Castillo A, Siles-Canales F, Quirós-Barrantes S, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Mendes P, Mora-Rodríguez R. MYC dosage compensation is mediated by miRNA-transcription factor interactions in aneuploid cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103407. [PMID: 34877484 PMCID: PMC8627999 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that dosage compensation of critical genes arises from systems-level properties for cancer cells to withstand the negative effects of aneuploidy. We identified several candidate genes in cancer multiomics data and developed a biocomputational platform to construct a mathematical model of their interaction network with micro-RNAs and transcription factors, where the property of dosage compensation emerged for MYC and was dependent on the kinetic parameters of its feedback interactions with three micro-RNAs. These circuits were experimentally validated using a genetic tug-of-war technique to overexpress an exogenous MYC, leading to overexpression of the three microRNAs involved and downregulation of endogenous MYC. In addition, MYC overexpression or inhibition of its compensating miRNAs led to dosage-dependent cytotoxicity in MYC-amplified colon cancer cells. Finally, we identified negative correlation of MYC dosage compensation with patient survival in TCGA breast cancer patients, highlighting the potential of this mechanism to prevent aneuploid cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- ManSai Acón
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Master Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carsten Geiß
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jorge Torres-Calvo
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Master Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Diana Bravo-Estupiñan
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Ph.D. Program in Sciences, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Guillermo Oviedo
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Master Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge L Arias-Arias
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Luis A Rojas-Matey
- Master Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Baez Edwin
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Master Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gloriana Vásquez-Vargas
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Yendry Oses-Vargas
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - José Guevara-Coto
- School of Computer Sciences and Informatics (ECCI), University of Costa Rica, San Jose Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Segura-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), 474-2050 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Francisco Siles-Canales
- Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- DC Lab, Lab of Surgery and Cancer, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Steve Quirós-Barrantes
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- DC Lab, Lab of Surgery and Cancer, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pedro Mendes
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, 06030 CT, USA
| | - Rodrigo Mora-Rodríguez
- Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity (LQT), Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Master Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Postgraduate Program SEP, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- DC Lab, Lab of Surgery and Cancer, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Blanco-Luquin I, Lázcoz P, Celay J, Castresana JS, Encío IJ. In Vitro Assessment of the Role of p53 on Chemotherapy Treatments in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111184. [PMID: 34832966 PMCID: PMC8624165 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent malignant extracranial solid tumor of infancy. The overall objective of this work consists of determining the presence of alterations in the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cell lines and deciphering their possible relationship with resistance to known antineoplastic drugs and to differentiation agents. Firstly, we characterized 10 neuroblastoma cell lines for alterations at the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway by analysis of TP53 point mutations, MYCN and MDM2 amplification, and p14ARF methylation, homozygous deletions, and expression. Secondly, we chose SK-N-FI (mutated at TP53) and SK-N-Be(2) (wild-type TP53) cell lines, treated them with chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan) and with two isomers of retinoic acid (RA): (9-cis and all-trans). Finally, we analyzed the distribution of the cell cycle, the induction of apoptosis, and the expression levels of p53, p21, and Bcl-2 in those two cell lines. P14ARF did not present promoter methylation, homozygous deletions, and protein expression in any of the 10 neuroblastoma cell lines. One TP53 point mutation was detected in the SK-N-FI cell line. MYCN amplification was frequent, while most cell lines did not present MDM2 amplification. Treatment of SK-N-FI and SK-N-Be(2) cells with doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan increased apoptosis and blocked the cycle in G2/M, while retinoic acid isomers induced apoptosis and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase in TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells, but not in TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Treatment with cisplatin, melphalan, or 9-cis RA decreased p53 expression levels in SK-N-FI cells but not in SK-N-Be (2). The expression of p21 was not modified in either of the two cell lines. Bcl-2 levels were reduced only in SK-N-FI cells after treatment with cisplatin. However, treatments with doxorubicin, etoposide, or 9-cis-RA did not modify the levels of this protein in either of the two cell lines. In conclusion, TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells respond better to the retinoic isomers than TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Although these are in vitro results, it seems that deciphering the molecular alterations of the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway prior to treating patients of neuroblastoma might be useful for standardizing therapies with the aim of improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Paula Lázcoz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jon Celay
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier S. Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Ignacio J. Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
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9
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Quan X, Zhao C, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Wang J, Zhang Q. DDX10 and BYSL as the potential targets of chondrosarcoma and glioma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27669. [PMID: 34797290 PMCID: PMC8601295 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide reliable molecular markers and effective therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma and glioma.Gene Set Enrichment (GSE) 29745 and GSE48420 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the GEO2R. We annotated the function of common DEGs through Digital Audio/Video Interactive Decoder (DAVID) and Metascape. Protein-protein interaction network construction was performed through STRING. Hub genes were identified by the two different algorithms (MCC, EPC). DDX10 and BYSL were key factors in embryo implantation and development, and plays a role in a variety of cancers. The role of the DDX10 and BYSL on the glioma derived from the chondrosarcoma would be explored by the clinical samples.A total of 1442 DEGs were identified. The variations in DEGs were mainly enriched in vasculature development, cell motion, blood vessel development, cell migration, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell proliferation, wound healing, biological adhesion, growth factor binding, identical pathways in cancer, and p53 signaling pathway. Dead-box helicase 10 (DDX10), Bystin-like (BYSL), and WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12) were identified as the hub genes, and the three hub genes were up-regulated in the chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma patients with high expression levels of DDX10 (Logrank P = .0052; HR (high) = 1.8; n (high) = 131, 50%), and BYSL (P = 6.5e-05; HR (high) = 2.3; n (high) = 131, 50%) had poorer overall survival times than those with low expression levels.DDX10 and BYSL genes may provide reliable molecular markers and effective therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma and glioma.
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Wang T, Zhang P, Chen L, Qi H, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Zhong M, Shi X, Li Q. Ixazomib induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through activation of the c-Myc/NOXA pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 380:15-25. [PMID: 34740946 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the major subtypes of esophageal cancer. More than half of the ESCC patients in the world are in China, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. As a new oral proteasome inhibitor, ixazomib has shown strong therapeutic effect in many solid tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ixazomib on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of ESCC cells.We used four human ESCC cell lines, cell viability assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assay, RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ESCC xenografts model to clarify the roles of the therapeutic effect and mechanism of ixazomib in ESCC. Ixazomib significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in ESCC cells. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene NOXA and c-Myc significant increase after treatment with ixazomib in ESCC cell. Then we knockdown the NOXA and c-Myc by siRNA, the therapeutic effect of ixazomib markedly decrease, which confirmed that c-Myc/NOXA pathway played a key role in the treatment of ESCC with ixazomib. In vivo, the xenograft ESCC model mice were given 10 mg/kg of ixazomib every other day for 30 days. The results showed that the tumor size in the treatment group was significantly smaller than the control group. These results suggested that ixazomib is known to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in an ESCC cell lines, and this effect was likely mediated by increased activation of the c-Myc/NOXA signaling pathways. Significance Statement Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the common worldwide malignant tumors,but conventional chemotherapeutics suffer from a number of limitations. In this study, our results suggested that ixazomib is known to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in an ESCC cell lines. Therefore, ixazomib may be a potential new stratgegy for ESCC therapy.
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11
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Sproll KC, Schorn LK, Reising B, Schumacher S, Lommen J, Kübler NR, Knoefel WT, Beier M, Neves RP, Behrens B, Horny K, Stoecklein NH. Genetic analysis of single disseminated tumor cells in the lymph nodes and bone marrow of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:333-346. [PMID: 34719102 PMCID: PMC8763651 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the limited information on the biology and molecular characteristics of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we examined the genomic alterations in DTCs from HNSCCs and their potential clinical relevance. To analyze both the lymphatic and hematogenous routes of tumor cell dissemination, we investigated samples from lymph nodes (LNs) and bone marrow (BM) of 49 patients using immunofluorescence double staining for epithelial cells expressing cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) and/or epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM, CD326). The identified marker‐positive cells were isolated by micromanipulation followed by single‐cell whole‐genome amplification and metaphase‐based comparative genomic hybridization (mCGH) to determine genome‐wide copy number alterations. The findings were correlated with clinical parameters and follow‐up data. We detected chromosomal aberrations in KRT18‐ and EpCAM‐positive cells from both compartments; BM‐derived cells showed a significantly higher percentage of aberrant genome (PAG) per cell than cells detected in LNs. No significant association was found between DTC data and clinical follow‐up. Genomic profiling of BM‐DTCs revealed genomic alterations typical for HNSCC, suggesting hematogenous dissemination of subclones around the time of surgery. In contrast, DTC data in LNs revealed that several marker‐positive cells were not of malignant origin, indicating the presence of epithelial glandular inclusions in parts of the processed neck LN samples. Therefore, DTC detection of LNs in the neck based only on epithelial markers is not advisable and requires detection of chromosomal instability (CIN), gene mutations, or additional markers, which have yet to be identified. Nevertheless, our investigation paves the way for larger studies to focus on HNSCC BM‐DTCs with high‐resolution methods to gain deeper insights into the biology of hematogenous metastasis in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Christoph Sproll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara K Schorn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benedikt Reising
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Lommen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert R Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram Trudo Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Beier
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rui P Neves
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Behrens
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Horny
- Group of Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:127. [PMID: 34593006 PMCID: PMC8485521 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among women. Due to the asymptomatic tumor progression and lack of efficient screening methods, majority of OC patients are diagnosed in advanced tumor stages. A combination of surgical resection and platinum based-therapy is the common treatment option for advanced OC patients. However, tumor relapse is observed in about 70% of cases due to the treatment failure. Cisplatin is widely used as an efficient first-line treatment option for OC; however cisplatin resistance is observed in a noticeable ratio of cases. Regarding, the severe cisplatin side effects, it is required to clarify the molecular biology of cisplatin resistance to improve the clinical outcomes of OC patients. Cisplatin resistance in OC is associated with abnormal drug transportation, increased detoxification, abnormal apoptosis, and abnormal DNA repair ability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical factors involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemo resistance. MiRNAs as non-invasive and more stable factors compared with mRNAs, can be introduced as efficient markers of cisplatin response in OC patients. MAIN BODY In present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs that have been associated with cisplatin resistance in OC. We also categorized the miRNAs based on their targets to clarify their probable molecular mechanisms during cisplatin resistance in ovarian tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that miRNAs mainly exert their role in cisplatin response through regulation of apoptosis, signaling pathways, and transcription factors in OC cells. This review highlighted the miRNAs as important regulators of cisplatin response in ovarian tumor cells. Moreover, present review paves the way of suggesting a non-invasive panel of prediction markers for cisplatin response among OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Butler DSC, Cafaro C, Putze J, Wan MLY, Tran TH, Ambite I, Ahmadi S, Kjellström S, Welinder C, Chao SM, Dobrindt U, Svanborg C. A bacterial protease depletes c-MYC and increases survival in mouse models of bladder and colon cancer. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:754-764. [PMID: 33574609 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-00805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Is the oncogene MYC upregulated or hyperactive? In the majority of human cancers, finding agents that target c-MYC has proved difficult. Here we report specific bacterial effector molecules that inhibit cellular MYC (c-MYC) in human cells. We show that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) degrade the c-MYC protein and attenuate MYC expression in both human cells and animal tissues. c-MYC protein was rapidly degraded by both cell-free bacterial lysates and the purified bacterial protease Lon. In mice, intravesical or peroral delivery of Lon protease delayed tumor progression and increased survival in MYC-dependent bladder and colon cancer models, respectively. These results suggest that bacteria have evolved strategies to control c-MYC tissue levels in the host and that the Lon protease shows promise for therapeutic targeting of c-MYC in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S C Butler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caterina Cafaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Putze
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Murphy Lam Yim Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thi Hien Tran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ines Ambite
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shahram Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Kjellström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, BioMS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sing Ming Chao
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Boija A, Klein IA, Young RA. Biomolecular Condensates and Cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:174-192. [PMID: 33417833 PMCID: PMC8721577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant transformation is characterized by dysregulation of diverse cellular processes that have been the subject of detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural studies, but only recently has evidence emerged that many of these processes occur in the context of biomolecular condensates. Condensates are membrane-less bodies, often formed by liquid-liquid phase separation, that compartmentalize protein and RNA molecules with related functions. New insights from condensate studies portend a profound transformation in our understanding of cellular dysregulation in cancer. Here we summarize key features of biomolecular condensates, note where they have been implicated-or will likely be implicated-in oncogenesis, describe evidence that the pharmacodynamics of cancer therapeutics can be greatly influenced by condensates, and discuss some of the questions that must be addressed to further advance our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Boija
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Isaac A Klein
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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16
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Wang Z, Cao K, Wang D, Hua B, Zhang H, Xie X. Cadmium sulfate induces apoptosis in planarians. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39308-39316. [PMID: 32648224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With rapid socio-economic development, heavy metal pollution in water has become common and affects both environment and human health. Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as one of the heavy metals which cause acute or chronic toxic effects if ingested. Although its toxicity is undisputed, the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo are not fully understood. Planarians, a model organism famous for their regenerative prowess, have long been utilized to study the effects of chemical exposure. In this study, we observed apoptosis with TUNEL assay in planarians induced by cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis-related genes were detected with quantitative RT-PCR. Significant changes in c-Myc, P53, and BcL-2 were indicated, which may play a partial role in the regulation of the process of apoptosis in the planarians. H&E staining showed that Cd had obvious biological toxicity in the planarians. Here, new insights on metal toxicity mechanisms are provided, contributing to understand how CdSO4 induces the pathological and physiological processes of apoptosis in the living bodies. Meanwhile, planarians are proved to be a freshwater pollution indicator and toxicological research model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keqing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingjie Hua
- GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi'an, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi'an, China.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medical Information, Xi'an, China.
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17
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Feng L, Sun C, Sun X, Zhao Y, Yu R, Kang C. Identification of inhibitors targeting HIF-2α/c-Myc by molecular docking and MM-GBSA technology. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:511-519. [PMID: 32981413 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1825493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of ccRCC by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-2α is currently a direct and effective method. Studies have shown that HIF-2α and c-Myc cooperate to promote ccRCC tumor progression, and the overexpression of c-Myc is related to the progress and drug resistance of most human cancers. Although HIF-2α and c-Myc are important drug targets, their dual inhibitors are still lacking. We used virtual screening tools (mainly including molecular docking and MM-GBSA technology) to obtain some well-listed compounds that can potentially target HIF-2α and c-Myc and used molecular dynamics simulations to study their binding with these protein systems. Using a structure-based screening scheme, a batch of top-ranking compounds were selected, and their binding affinities were predicted of these compounds were performed. Representative compound C93106, C43257, and C41580 all showed good comprehensive binding score. Our results indicate that the target compounds can all form key interactions with the active site of the protein, and 30 ns molecular dynamic simulation of the complex system indicates a stable binding conformation. This research laid the foundation for the development of more effective and specific HIF-2α and c-Myc dual-target inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuance Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Congmin Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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18
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Emerging connectivity of programmed cell death pathways and its physiological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:678-695. [PMID: 32873928 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The removal of functionally dispensable, infected or potentially neoplastic cells is driven by programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, highlighting their important roles in homeostasis, host defence against pathogens, cancer and a range of other pathologies. Several types of PCD pathways have been described, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis; they employ distinct molecular and cellular processes and differ in their outcomes, such as the capacity to trigger inflammatory responses. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have revealed remarkable flexibility in the use of these PCD pathways and indicate a considerable degree of plasticity in their molecular regulation; for example, despite having a primary role in inducing pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases can also induce apoptosis, and conversely, apoptotic stimuli can trigger pyroptosis. Intriguingly, this flexibility is most pronounced in cellular responses to infection, while apoptosis is the dominant cell death process through which organisms prevent the development of cancer. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms of the different types of PCD and describe the physiological and pathological processes that engage crosstalk between these pathways, focusing on infections and cancer. We discuss the intriguing notion that the different types of PCD could be seen as a single, coordinated cell death system, in which the individual pathways are highly interconnected and can flexibly compensate for one another.
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19
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Tong Y, Gao WQ, Liu Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in cancer: An overview and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188421. [PMID: 32835766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on cancer metabolism has revealed that individual tumors have highly heterogeneous metabolic profiles that contribute to the connective metabolic networks within the tumor and its environment. Indeed, tumor-associated cells types, including tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells, reprogram their metabolism in many different ways due to diverse genetic backgrounds and complex environmental stimuli. This intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity and the derived metabolic interactions play an instrumental role in cancer progression. Understanding how this heterogeneity occurs may provide promising therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the diverse metabolic profiles of several important cell subpopulations in tumors and their impact on tumor progression and discuss the consequent metabolic interactions as well as the related therapeutic concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Feng W, Dean DC, Hornicek FJ, Spentzos D, Hoffman RM, Shi H, Duan Z. Myc is a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920922055. [PMID: 32426053 PMCID: PMC7222246 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920922055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past four decades, outcomes for osteosarcoma patients have plateaued as there have been few emerging therapies showing clinical results. Thus, the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to address these primary obstacles in patient care. Although the Myc-oncogene has known roles in oncogenesis and cancer cell growth, its expression and function in osteosarcoma are largely unknown. Methods Expression of Myc was determined by Western blotting of osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tissues, and by immunohistochemistry of a unique osteosarcoma tissue microarray (TMA) constructed from 70 patient samples with extensive follow-up data. Myc specific siRNA and inhibitor 10058-F4 were applied to examine the effect of Myc inhibition on osteosarcoma cell proliferation. The clonogenicity and migration activity was determined by clonogenic and wound-healing assays. A mimic in vivo assay, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model, was performed to further validate the effect of Myc inhibition on osteosarcoma cell tumorigenic markers. Results Myc was significantly overexpressed in human osteosarcoma cell lines compared with normal human osteoblasts, and also highly expressed in fresh osteosarcoma tissues. Higher Myc expression correlated significantly with metastasis and poor prognosis. Through the addition of Myc specific siRNA and inhibitor, we significantly reduced Myc protein expression, resulting in decreased osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Inhibition of Myc also suppressed the migration, clonogenicity, and spheroid growth of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion Our results support Myc as an emerging prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles, E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Jung M, Gao J, Cheung L, Bongers A, Somers K, Clifton M, Ramsay EE, Russell AJ, Valli E, Gifford AJ, George J, Kennedy CJ, Wakefield MJ, Topp M, Ho GY, Scott CL, Bowtell DD, deFazio A, Norris MD, Haber M, Henderson MJ. ABCC4/MRP4 contributes to the aggressiveness of Myc-associated epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2225-2238. [PMID: 32277480 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a complex disease comprising discrete histological and molecular subtypes, for which survival rates remain unacceptably low. Tailored approaches for this deadly heterogeneous disease are urgently needed. Efflux pumps belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters are known for roles in both drug resistance and cancer biology and are also highly targetable. Here we have investigated the association of ABCC4/MRP4 expression to clinical outcome and its biological function in endometrioid and serous tumors, common histological subtypes of EOC. We found high expression of ABCC4/MRP4, previously shown to be directly regulated by c-Myc/N-Myc, was associated with poor prognosis in endometrioid EOC (P = .001) as well as in a subset of serous EOC with a "high-MYCN" profile (C5/proliferative; P = .019). Transient siRNA-mediated suppression of MRP4 in EOC cells led to reduced growth, migration and invasion, with the effects being most pronounced in endometrioid and C5-like serous cells compared to non-C5 serous EOC cells. Sustained knockdown of MRP4 also sensitized endometrioid cells to MRP4 substrate drugs. Furthermore, suppression of MRP4 decreased the growth of patient-derived EOC cells in vivo. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that MRP4 plays an important role in the biology of Myc-associated ovarian tumors and highlight this transporter as a potential therapeutic target for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsun Jung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jixuan Gao
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanna Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Molly Clifton
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma E Ramsay
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda J Russell
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine J Kennedy
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monique Topp
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David D Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Kurbegovic A, Trudel M. The master regulators Myc and p53 cellular signaling and functions in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109594. [PMID: 32145315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors Myc and p53 associated with oncogenesis play determinant roles in a human genetic disorder, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), that was coined early in ADPKD etiology a «neoplasia in disguise ». These factors are interdependent master cell regulators of major biological processes including proliferation, apoptosis, cell growth, metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis and differentiation that are all modulated in ADPKD. Myc and p53 proteins evolved to respond and carry out overlapping functions via opposing mechanisms of action. Studies in human ADPKD kidneys, caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, reveal reduced p53 expression and high expression of Myc in the cystic tubular epithelium. Myc and p53 via direct interaction act respectively, as transcriptional activator and repressor of PKD1 gene expression, consistent with increased renal PKD1 levels in ADPKD. Mouse models generated by Pkd1 and Pkd2 gene dosage dysregulation reproduce renal cystogenesis with activation of Myc expression and numerous signaling pathways, strikingly similar to those determined in human ADPKD. In fact, upregulation of renal Myc expression is also detected in virtually all non-orthologous animal models of PKD. A definitive causal connection of Myc with cystogenesis was established by renal overexpression of Myc in transgenic mice that phenocopies human ADPKD. The network of activated signaling pathways in human and mouse cystogenesis individually or in combination can target Myc as a central node of PKD pathogenesis. One or many of the multiple functions of Myc upon activation can play a role in every phases of ADPKD development and lend credence to the notion of "Myc addiction" for cystogenesis. We propose that the residual p53 levels are conducive to an ADPKD biological program without cancerogenesis while a "p53 dependent annihilation" mechanism would be permissive to oncogenesis. Of major importance, Myc ablation in orthologous mouse models or direct inhibition in non-orthologous mouse model significantly delays cystogenesis consistent with pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Myc upstream regulator or downstream targets in the mouse. Together, these studies on PKD proteins upon dysregulation not only converged on Myc as a focal point but also attribute to Myc upregulation a causal and « driver » role in pathogenesis. This review will present and discuss our current knowledge on Myc and p53, focused on PKD mouse models and ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira Kurbegovic
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Trudel
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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23
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de Barrios O, Meler A, Parra M. MYC's Fine Line Between B Cell Development and Malignancy. Cells 2020; 9:E523. [PMID: 32102485 PMCID: PMC7072781 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is transiently expressed during B lymphocyte development, and its correct modulation is essential in defined developmental transitions. Although temporary downregulation of MYC is essential at specific points, basal levels of expression are maintained, and its protein levels are not completely silenced until the B cell becomes fully differentiated into a plasma cell or a memory B cell. MYC has been described as a proto-oncogene that is closely involved in many cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. Aberrant expression of MYC protein in these hematological malignancies results in an uncontrolled rate of proliferation and, thereby, a blockade of the differentiation process. MYC is not activated by mutations in the coding sequence, and, as reviewed here, its overexpression in leukemia and lymphoma is mainly caused by gene amplification, chromosomal translocations, and aberrant regulation of its transcription. This review provides a thorough overview of the role of MYC in the developmental steps of B cells, and of how it performs its essential function in an oncogenic context, highlighting the importance of appropriate MYC regulation circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maribel Parra
- Lymphocyte Development and Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, 08916 Barcelona, Spain (A.M.)
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24
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Dai H, Shao YW, Tong X, Wu X, Pang J, Feng A, Yang Z. YAP1 amplification as a prognostic factor of definitive chemoradiotherapy in nonsurgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1628-1637. [PMID: 31851786 PMCID: PMC7050074 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Definitive chemoradiation therapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for patients with nonsurgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet patients have demonstrated great variations in their responses to dCRT and inevitably progressed following treatment. Methods To identify prognostic biomarkers, we performed targeted next‐generation sequencing of 416 cancer‐related genes on primary tumors from 47 nonsurgical ESCC patients prior to dCRT treatment. The association between genetic alterations and patients' local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results TP53 (78% of patients), NOTCH1 (32%), ARID1A (13%), FAT1 (13%), and CDKN2A (13%) were commonly mutated in ESCC patients, while gene amplifications frequently occurred in MCL1 (36%), FGF19 (34%), MYC (32%), CCND1 (27%), ZNF217 (15%), CDKN2A (13%), and YAP1 (11%). Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical factors and genetic alterations indicated that sex is an independent prognostic factor, with males tending to have better LRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95%CI, 0.08‐0.77, P = .015) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.13‐0.93, P = .030) following dCRT. Meanwhile, YAP1 amplification (n = 7) was an adverse prognostic factor, and patients with this alteration demonstrated a tendency toward worse outcomes with shorter LRFS (HR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.26‐13.14, P = .019) and OS (HR, 2.78; 95%CI, 0.95‐8.17, P = .062). In a subgroup analysis, while sex and M‐stage were controlled, a much stronger negative effect of YAP1 amplification vs wild‐type in LRFS was observed (log‐rank P = .0067). Conclusion The results suggested that YAP1 amplification is a potentially useful biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes and identifying patients with a high risk of relapse who should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Dai
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc, Nanjing, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alei Feng
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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25
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Jin C, Dong D, Yang Z, Xia R, Tao S, Piao M. CircMYC Regulates Glycolysis and Cell Proliferation in Melanoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2019; 78:77-88. [PMID: 31811601 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-019-00895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (cicRNAs) have been identified to play pivotal roles in several cancer types. However, functions of circRNA in malignant melanoma are poor defined. Our current study demonstrated that human circMYC was obviously upregulated in human melanoma tissue. Furthermore, circMYC promoted the proliferation of human melanoma cells and Mel-CV cells. The expression of circMYC can repress Mel-CV cell glycolysis and LDHA activities in the in vitro glycolysis and lactate production evaluations. circMYC directly bound to miR-1236 as a molecular sponge that targeting miR-1236 in Mel-CV cells via bioinformatics analysis, pull-down assay, and luciferase reporter assays. Our present study revealed that 3' UTR of LDHA acted as a target of miR-1236 using Mel-CV cells. Based on our findings, c-MYC-SRSF1 axis may regulate the production of circMYC. Overall, these results elucidate potential effects of circMYC in melanoma development and provide a promising biomarker for melanoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dake Dong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 200 Huihe Road, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- MBA Education Center, School of Business Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rushan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqin Tao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meishan Piao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Tackling Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-One Fish at a Time. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215313. [PMID: 31731471 PMCID: PMC6862667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a need for improved strategies to decrease morbidity and improve cure rates in relapsed/refractory ALL still exists. Such approaches include the identification and implementation of novel targeted combination regimens, and more precise upfront patient risk stratification to guide therapy. New curative strategies rely on an understanding of the pathobiology that derives from systematically dissecting each cancer’s genetic and molecular landscape. Zebrafish models provide a powerful system to simulate human diseases, including leukemias and ALL specifically. They are also an invaluable tool for genetic manipulation, in vivo studies, and drug discovery. Here, we highlight and summarize contributions made by several zebrafish T-ALL models and newer zebrafish B-ALL models in translating the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms operative in ALL, and also highlight their potential utility for drug discovery. These models have laid the groundwork for increasing our understanding of the molecular basis of ALL to further translational and clinical research endeavors that seek to improve outcomes in this important cancer.
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27
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Jiang P, Huang M, Qi W, Wang F, Yang T, Gao T, Luo C, Deng J, Yang Z, Zhou T, Zou Y, Gao G, Yang X. FUBP1 promotes neuroblastoma proliferation via enhancing glycolysis-a new possible marker of malignancy for neuroblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:400. [PMID: 31511046 PMCID: PMC6737630 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the deadliest paediatric solid tumours due to its rapid proliferative characteristics. Amplified copies of MYCN are considered the most important marker for the prediction of tumour relapse and progression in NB, but they were only detected in 20–30% of NB patients, indicating there might be other oncogenes in the development of NB. The far upstream element binding protein 1 (FUBP1) was first identified as a transcriptional regulator of the proto-oncogene MYC. However, the expression and role of FUBP1 in NB have not been documented. Methods FUBP1 expression was analysed from GEO database and verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB) in NB tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, Colony formation assay, EDU, TUNEL staining and flow cytometric analysis. Several glycolytic metabolites production was confirmed by ELISA and oxygen consuming rate (OCR). Luciferase assay, WB, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) were used to explore the mechanisms of the effect of FUBP1 on NB. Results FUBP1 mRNA levels were increased along with the increase in International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stages. High expression of FUBP1 with low N-Myc expression accounted for 44.6% of NB patient samples (n = 65). In addition, FUBP1 protein levels were remarkably increased with NB malignancy in the NB tissue microarray (NB: n = 65; ganglioneuroblastoma: n = 31; ganglioneuroma: n = 27). Furthermore, FUBP1 expression was negatively correlated with patient survival rate but positively correlated with ki67 content. In vitro experiments showed that FUBP1 promotes NB cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis via enhancing glycolysis and ATP production. Mechanistically, FUBP1 inhibited the degradation of HIF1α via downregulation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), the E3 ligase for HIF1α, resulting in upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase isoform B (LDHB) expression to enhance glycolysis. Overexpressed or silenced N-Myc could not regulate FUBP1 or LDHB levels. Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that elevated FUBP1 promotes NB glycolysis and growth by targeting HIF1α rather than N-Myc, suggesting that FUBP1 is a novel and powerful oncogene in the development of NB independent of N-Myc and may have potential in the diagnosis and treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyou Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiao Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Chen L, Chen L, Qin Z, Lei J, Ye S, Zeng K, Wang H, Ying M, Gao J, Zeng S, Yu L. Upregulation of miR-489-3p and miR-630 inhibits oxaliplatin uptake in renal cell carcinoma by targeting OCT2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1008-1020. [PMID: 31649850 PMCID: PMC6804444 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting the urogenital system, accounting for 90% of renal malignancies. Traditional chemotherapy options are often the front-line choice of regimen in the treatment of patients with RCC, but responses may be modest or limited due to resistance of the tumor to anticarcinogen. Downregulated expression of organic cation transporter OCT2 is a possible mechanism underlying oxaliplatin resistance in RCC treatment. In this study, we observed that miR-489-3p and miR-630 suppress OCT2 expression by directly binding to the OCT2 3'-UTR. Meanwhile, via 786-O-OCT2-miRNAs stable expression cell models, we found that miRNAs could repress the classic substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), fluorogenic substrate N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-pyridin-4-ylethenyl) aniline (ASP+), and oxaliplatin uptake by OCT2 both in vitro and in xenografts. In 33 clinical samples, miR-489-3p and miR-630 were significantly upregulated in RCC, negatively correlating with the OCT2 expression level compared to that in adjacent normal tissues, using tissue microarray analysis and qPCR validation. The increased binding of c-Myc to the promoter of pri-miR-630, responsible for the upregulation of miR-630 in RCC, was further evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overall, this study indicated that miR-489-3p and miR-630 function as oncotherapy-obstructing microRNAs by directly targeting OCT2 in RCC.
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29
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Kosalai ST, Morsy MHA, Papakonstantinou N, Mansouri L, Stavroyianni N, Kanduri C, Stamatopoulos K, Rosenquist R, Kanduri M. EZH2 upregulates the PI3K/AKT pathway through IGF1R and MYC in clinically aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1125-1140. [PMID: 31216925 PMCID: PMC6773411 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1633867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is overexpressed in poor-prognostic chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases, acting as an oncogene; however, thus far, the EZH2 target genes in CLL have not been disclosed. In this study, using ChIP-sequencing, we identified EZH2 and H3K27me3 target genes in two prognostic subgroups of CLL with distinct prognosis and outcome, i.e., cases with unmutated (U-CLL, n = 6) or mutated IGHV genes (M-CLL, n = 6). While the majority of oncogenic pathways were equally enriched for EZH2 target genes in both prognostic subgroups, PI3K pathway genes were differentially bound by EZH2 in U-CLL versus M-CLL. The occupancy of EZH2 for selected PI3K pathway target genes was validated in additional CLL samples (n = 16) and CLL cell lines using siRNA-mediated EZH2 downregulation and ChIP assays. Intriguingly, we found that EZH2 directly binds to the IGF1R promoter along with MYC and upregulates IGF1R expression in U-CLL, leading to downstream PI3K activation. By investigating an independent CLL cohort (n = 96), a positive correlation was observed between EZH2 and IGF1R expression with higher levels in U-CLL compared to M-CLL. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated downregulation of either EZH2, MYC or IGF1R and treatment with EZH2 and MYC pharmacological inhibitors in the HG3 CLL cell line induced a significant reduction in PI3K pathway activation. In conclusion, we characterize for the first time EZH2 target genes in CLL revealing a hitherto unknown implication of EZH2 in modulating the PI3K pathway in a non-canonical, PRC2-independent way, with potential therapeutic implications considering that PI3K inhibitors are effective therapeutic agents for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subazini Thankaswamy Kosalai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | | | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Niki Stavroyianni
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Meena Kanduri
- Department of Clinical chemistry and Transfusion medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Paglia S, Sollazzo M, Di Giacomo S, Strocchi S, Grifoni D. Exploring MYC relevance to cancer biology from the perspective of cell competition. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 63:49-59. [PMID: 31102666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has long been regarded and treated as a foreign body appearing by mistake inside a living organism. However, now we know that cancer cells communicate with neighbours, thereby creating modified environments able to support their unusual need for nutrients and space. Understanding the molecular basis of these bi-directional interactions is thus mandatory to approach the complex nature of cancer. Since their discovery, MYC proteins have been showing to regulate a steadily increasing number of processes impacting cell fitness, and are consistently found upregulated in almost all human tumours. Of interest, MYC takes part in cell competition, an evolutionarily conserved fitness comparison strategy aimed at detecting weakened cells, which are then committed to death, removed from the tissue and replaced by fitter neighbours. During physiological development, MYC-mediated cell competition is engaged to eliminate cells with suboptimal MYC levels, so as to guarantee selective growth of the fittest and proper homeostasis, while transformed cells expressing high levels of MYC coopt cell competition to subvert tissue constraints, ultimately disrupting homeostasis. Therefore, the interplay between cells with different MYC levels may result in opposite functional outcomes, depending on the nature of the players. In the present review, we describe the most recent findings on the role of MYC-mediated cell competition in different contexts, with a special emphasis on its impact on cancer initiation and progression. We also discuss the relevance of competition-associated cell death to cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Paglia
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Giacomo
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Strocchi
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Amir H, Khan MA, Feroz S, Bibi N, Nawaz M, Mehmood A, Yousuf A, Khawaja MA, Khadim MT, Tariq A. CARLo-7-A plausible biomarker for bladder cancer. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:25-31. [PMID: 30883984 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is defined as undifferentiated and unchecked growth of cells damaging the surrounding tissue. Cancers manifest altered gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by a diverse array of non-protein-coding RNA. Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been recently found to have functional consequences in cancers. In the current study, we report CARLo-7 as the only bladder cancer-specific lncRNA from the CARLos cluster. The expression of this lncRNA correlates with bladder cancer grade. We propose that CARLo-7 has an oncogenic potential and might be regulator of cell proliferation. Furthermore, by comparison the expression of proto-oncogene MYC, which is the only well-annotated gene close to the cancer - associated linkage disequilibrium blocks of this region, does not show a pronounced change in expression between the low- and high-grade tumours. Our results indicate that CARlo-7 can act as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Azam Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Feroz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arzu Yousuf
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Athar Khawaja
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aamira Tariq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kant R, Yen CH, Hung JH, Lu CK, Tung CY, Chang PC, Chen YH, Tyan YC, Chen YMA. Induction of GNMT by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside through proteasome-independent MYC downregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1968. [PMID: 30760754 PMCID: PMC6374375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine-N-methyl transferase (GNMT) a tumor suppressor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) plays a crucial role in liver homeostasis. Its expression is downregulated in almost all the tumor tissues of HCC while the mechanism of this downregulation is not yet fully understood. Recently, we identified 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PGG) as a GNMT promoter enhancer compound in HCC. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism by which PGG enhances GNMT expression and to investigate its effect on GNMT suppression in HCC. Microarray and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that MYC was a major target of PGG. PGG suppressed MYC mRNA and protein expression in Huh7 and Hep G2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, MYC expression was also reduced in xenograft tumors in PGG treated mice. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knocked-down or pharmacological inhibition of MYC resulted in a significant induction of GNMT promoter activity and endogenous GNMT mRNA expression in Huh7 cells. In contrast, overexpression of MYC significantly inhibited GNMT promoter activity and endogenous GNMT protein expression. In addition, antibodies against MYC effectively precipitated the human GNMT promoter in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Lastly, GNMT expression was negatively correlated with MYC expression in human HCC samples. Interestingly, PGG not only inhibited MYC gene expression but also promoted MYC protein degradation through proteasome-independent pathways. This work reveals a novel anticancer mechanism of PGG via downregulation of MYC expression and establishes a therapeutic rationale for treatment of MYC overexpressing cancers using PGG. Our data also provide a novel mechanistic understanding of GNMT regulation through MYC in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural products and Drug Development (CHY), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsien Hung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hao Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30778349 PMCID: PMC6369217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation with multiple links to thrombotic processes. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling in cell types within the vasculature and the circulation that are involved in thrombo-inflammatory processes. All these cells express NF-κB, which mediates important functions in cellular interactions, cell survival and differentiation, as well as expression of cytokines, chemokines, and coagulation factors. Even platelets, as anucleated cells, contain NF-κB family members and their corresponding signaling molecules, which are involved in platelet activation, as well as secondary feedback circuits. The response of endothelial cells to inflammation and NF-κB activation is characterized by the induction of adhesion molecules promoting binding and transmigration of leukocytes, while simultaneously increasing their thrombogenic potential. Paracrine signaling from endothelial cells activates NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells and causes a phenotypic switch to a “synthetic” state associated with a decrease in contractile proteins. Monocytes react to inflammatory situations with enforced expression of tissue factor and after differentiation to macrophages with altered polarization. Neutrophils respond with an extension of their life span—and upon full activation they can expel their DNA thereby forming so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exert antibacterial functions, but also induce a strong coagulatory response. This may cause formation of microthrombi that are important for the immobilization of pathogens, a process designated as immunothrombosis. However, deregulation of the complex cellular links between inflammation and thrombosis by unrestrained NET formation or the loss of the endothelial layer due to mechanical rupture or erosion can result in rapid activation and aggregation of platelets and the manifestation of thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is an important example of such a disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection finally leading to severe coagulopathies. NF-κB is critically involved in these pathophysiological processes as it induces both inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Datler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Nuclear FOXO1 promotes lymphomagenesis in germinal center B cells. Blood 2018; 132:2670-2683. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-856203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Forkhead box class O1 (FOXO1) acts as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. The oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway suppresses FOXO1 transcriptional activity by enforcing its nuclear exclusion upon AKT-mediated phosphorylation. We show here abundant nuclear expression of FOXO1 in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a germinal center (GC) B-cell–derived lymphoma whose pathogenesis is linked to PI3K activation. Recurrent FOXO1 mutations, which prevent AKT targeting and lock the transcription factor in the nucleus, are used by BL to circumvent mutual exclusivity between PI3K and FOXO1 activation. Using genome editing in human and mouse lymphomas in which MYC and PI3K cooperate synergistically in tumor development, we demonstrate proproliferative and antiapoptotic activity of FOXO1 in BL and identify its nuclear localization as an oncogenic event in GC B-cell–derived lymphomagenesis.
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35
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Ren Y, Bi C, Zhao X, Lwin T, Wang C, Yuan J, Silva AS, Shah BD, Fang B, Li T, Koomen JM, Jiang H, Chavez JC, Pham LV, Sudalagunta PR, Wan L, Wang X, Dalton WS, Moscinski LC, Shain KH, Vose J, Cleveland JL, Sotomayor EM, Fu K, Tao J. PLK1 stabilizes a MYC-dependent kinase network in aggressive B cell lymphomas. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5517-5530. [PMID: 30260324 PMCID: PMC6264635 DOI: 10.1172/jci122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concordant activation of MYC and BCL-2 oncoproteins in double-hit lymphoma (DHL) results in aggressive disease that is refractory to treatment. By integrating activity-based proteomic profiling and drug screens, polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) was identified as an essential regulator of the MYC-dependent kinome in DHL. Notably, PLK1 was expressed at high levels in DHL, correlated with MYC expression, and connoted poor outcome. Further, PLK1 signaling augmented MYC protein stability, and in turn, MYC directly induced PLK1 transcription, establishing a feed-forward MYC-PLK1 circuit in DHL. Finally, inhibition of PLK1 triggered degradation of MYC and of the antiapoptotic protein MCL-1, and PLK1 inhibitors showed synergy with BCL-2 antagonists in blocking DHL cell growth, survival, and tumorigenicity, supporting clinical targeting of PLK1 in DHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chengfeng Bi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tint Lwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ji Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M. Koomen
- Proteomics Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Huijuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Tianjin Medical School, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lan V. Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology and
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lynn C. Moscinski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Julie Vose
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eduardo M. Sotomayor
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, and
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36
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Dual functions for OVAAL in initiation of RAF/MEK/ERK prosurvival signals and evasion of p27-mediated cellular senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11661-E11670. [PMID: 30478051 PMCID: PMC6294934 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805950115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ovarian adenocarcinoma-amplified lncRNA (OVAAL) is a mediator of cancer cell resistance, counteracting the effects of apoptosis-inducing agents acting through both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Building upon previous reports associating OVAAL amplification with ovarian and endometrial cancers, we now show that OVAAL overexpression occurs during the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and melanoma. Mechanistically, our findings also establish that OVAAL expression more generally contributes a prosurvival role to cancer cells under steady-state conditions. OVAAL accomplishes these actions utilizing distinct functional modalities: one promoting activation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling and the other blocking cell entry into senescence. Our study demonstrates that expression of a single OVAAL in cancer cells drives two distinct but coordinated actions contributing to cancer pathology. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function through a diverse array of mechanisms that are not presently fully understood. Here, we sought to find lncRNAs differentially regulated in cancer cells resistant to either TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the Mcl-1 inhibitor UMI-77, agents that act through the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively. This work identified a commonly up-regulated lncRNA, ovarian adenocarcinoma-amplified lncRNA (OVAAL), that conferred apoptotic resistance in multiple cancer types. Analysis of clinical samples revealed OVAAL expression was significantly increased in colorectal cancers and melanoma in comparison to the corresponding normal tissues. Functional investigations showed that OVAAL depletion significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and retarded tumor xenograft growth. Mechanically, OVAAL physically interacted with serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (STK3), which, in turn, enhanced the binding between STK3 and Raf-1. The ternary complex OVAAL/STK3/Raf-1 enhanced the activation of the RAF protooncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK)/ERK signaling cascade, thus promoting c-Myc–mediated cell proliferation and Mcl-1–mediated cell survival. On the other hand, depletion of OVAAL triggered cellular senescence through polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1)–mediated p27 expression, which was regulated by competitive binding between OVAAL and p27 mRNA to PTBP1. Additionally, c-Myc was demonstrated to drive OVAAL transcription, indicating a positive feedback loop between c-Myc and OVAAL in controlling tumor growth. Taken together, these results reveal that OVAAL contributes to the survival of cancer cells through dual mechanisms controlling RAF/MEK/ERK signaling and p27-mediated cell senescence.
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Gao Z, Zhang P, Xie M, Gao H, Yin L, Liu R. miR-144/451 cluster plays an oncogenic role in esophageal cancer by inhibiting cell invasion. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 30479563 PMCID: PMC6238332 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA clusters are widely expressed across species, accumulating evidence has illustrated that miRNA cluster functioned more efficiently than single miRNA in cancer oncogenesis. It is likely that miRNA clusters are more stable and reliable than individual miRNA to be biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. We previously found low expression of miR-144/451 was closely related with the risk for esophageal cancer. Researches on miR-144/451 cluster were mostly focused on individual miRNA but not the whole cluster, the regulatory mechanism of miRNA cluster were largely unknown. Methods In present study, we firstly analysed biological functions of individual miRNAs of miR-144/451 in ECa9706 transfected with miRNA mimics. We further analysed the biological function of the whole cluster in stable transgenic cell overexpressing miR-144/451. We then performed genome-wide mRNA microarray to detect differentially expressed gene profiles in stable transgenic cells. Results Overexpression of miR-144-3p promoted early apoptosis of ECa9706 and inhibited cell migration, cell invasion and cell proliferation. miR-144-5p and miR-451a inhibited cell proliferation, at the same time, miR-451a inhibited cell migration. Overexpression of miR-144/451 leads to the arrest cell cycle from S to G2 and G2 to M,while the invasion ability was obviously inhibited. We further observed c-Myc, p-ERK were downregulated in cells overexpressing miR-144/451, while p53 was up-regulated. The downstream effectors of c-Myc, MMP9 and p-cdc2 were downregulated in miR-144/451 stable transgenic cell. miR-144/451 may or partly inhibited cell cycles and invasion of ECa9706 through inhibiting ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway. Conclusion Collectively, we analysed the function of miR-144/451 cluster from individual to overall level. miR-144/451 cluster played proto oncogene role in esophageal cancer by inhibiting cell invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0679-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikui Gao
- 1Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, 313000 China
| | - Ming Xie
- North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, 062552 China
| | - Han Gao
- 1Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Lihong Yin
- 1Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Ran Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 China
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38
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Boldrini L, Bartoletti R, Giordano M, Manassero F, Selli C, Panichi M, Galli L, Farci F, Faviana P. C-MYC, HIF-1α, ERG, TKT, and GSTP1: an Axis in Prostate Cancer? Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1423-1429. [PMID: 30357756 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To analyze putative biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCA) characterization, the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men. Quantification of the expression level of c-myc and HIF-1α was performed in 72 prostate cancer specimens. A cohort of 497 prostate cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was further analyzed, in order to test our hypothesis. We found that high c-myc level was significantly associated with HIF-1α elevated expression (p = 0.008) in our 72 samples. Statistical analysis of 497 TCGA prostate cancer specimens confirmed the strong association (p = 0.0005) of c-myc and HIF-1α expression levels, as we found in our series. Moreover, we found high c-myc levels significantly associated with low Glutatione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) expression (p = 0.01), with high Transketolase (TKT) expression (p < 0.0001). High TKT levels were found in TCGA samples with low GSTP1 mRNA (p < 0.0001), as shown for c-myc, and with ERG increased expression (p = 0.02). Finally, samples with low GSTP1 expression displayed higher ERG mRNA levels than samples with high GSTP1 score (p < 0.0001), as above shown for c-myc. Our study emphasizes the notion of a potential value of HIF-1α and c-myc as putative biomarkers in prostate cancer; moreover TCGA data analysis showed a putative crosstalk between c-myc, HIF-1α, ERG, TKT, and GSTP1, suggesting a potential use of this axis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - R Bartoletti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Giordano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Manassero
- Division of Urology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Selli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Panichi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Galli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Farci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Xu X, Wu J, Liu S, Saw PE, Tao W, Li Y, Krygsman L, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Shi J, Bieberich CJ, Farokhzad OC. Redox-Responsive Nanoparticle-Mediated Systemic RNAi for Effective Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802565. [PMID: 30230235 PMCID: PMC6286670 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significant potential to improve the systemic delivery of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), for cancer therapy. However, the slow and inefficient siRNA release inside tumor cells generally observed for most biodegradable polymeric NPs may result in compromised gene silencing efficacy. Herein, a biodegradable and redox-responsive NP platform, composed of a solid poly(disulfide amide) (PDSA)/cationic lipid core and a lipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (lipid-PEG) shell for systemic siRNA delivery to tumor cells, is developed. This newly generated NP platform can efficiently encapsulate siRNA under extracellular environments and can respond to the highly concentrated glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to induce fast intracellular siRNA release. By screening a library of PDSA polymers with different structures and chain lengths, the optimized NP platform shows the unique features of i) long blood circulation, ii) high tumor accumulation, iii) fast GSH-triggered intracellular siRNA release, and iv) exceptionally effective gene silencing. Together with the facile polymer synthesis technique and robust NP formulation enabling scale-up, this new redox-responsive NP platform may become an effective tool for RNAi-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Xu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant, Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA,
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant, Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Krygsman
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
| | - Charles J. Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA,
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia,
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Jiang T, Liu J, Ouyang Y, Wu H, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. Intra-hydrogel culture prevents transformation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by monolayer expansion. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1168-1176. [PMID: 29564424 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report that the intra-hydrogel culture system mitigates the transformation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced by two-dimensional (2D) expansion. MSCs expanded in monolayer culture prior to encapsulation in collagen hydrogels (group eMSCs-CH) featured impaired stemness in chondrogenesis, comparing with the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells seeded directly in collagen hydrogels (group fMSCs-CH). The molecular mechanism of the in vitro expansion-triggered damage to MSCs was detected through genome-wide microarray analysis. Results indicated that pathways such as proteoglycans in cancer and pathways in cancer expansion were highly enriched in eMSCs-CH. And multiple up-regulated oncoma-associated genes were verified in eMSCs-CH compared with fMSCs-CH, indicating that expansion in vitro triggered cellular transformation was associated with signaling pathways related to tumorigenicity. Besides, focal adhesion (FA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were also involved in in vitro expansion, indicating restructuring of the cell architecture. Thus, monolayer expansion in vitro may contribute to vulnerability of MSCs through the regulation of FA and MAPK. This study indicates that intra-hydrogel culture can mitigate the monolayer expansion induced transformation of MSCs and maintain the uniformity of the stem cells, which is a viable in vitro culture system for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China. and Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiqiang Ouyang
- Center for Animal Experiment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Huayu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China. and Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China. and Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
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miR-137 mediates the functional link between c-Myc and EZH2 that regulates cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:564-580. [PMID: 30166592 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are used in first-line to treat ovarian cancer, but most of the patients eventually generate resistance after treatment with these drugs. Although both c-Myc and EZH2 have been implicated in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, the interplay between these two regulators is poorly understood. Using RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq), for the first time we find that miR-137 level is extremely low in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells, correlating with higher levels of c-Myc and EZH2 expression. Further analyses indicate that in resistant cells c-Myc enhances the expression of EZH2 by directly suppressing miR-137 that targets EZH2 mRNA, and increased expression of EZH2 activates cellular survival pathways, resulting in the resistance to cisplatin. Inhibition of c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway re-sensitizes resistant cells to cisplatin. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that cisplatin treatment activates c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway. Importantly, elevated c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway in resistant cells is sustained by dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (DUOXA1)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significantly, clinical studies further confirm the activated c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway in platinum drug-resistant or recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Thus, our studies elucidate a novel role of miR-137 in regulating c-Myc-EZH2 axis that is crucial to the regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Pomatto LCD, Cline M, Woodward N, Pakbin P, Sioutas C, Morgan TE, Finch CE, Forman HJ, Davies KJA. Aging attenuates redox adaptive homeostasis and proteostasis in female mice exposed to traffic-derived nanoparticles ('vehicular smog'). Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:86-97. [PMID: 29709705 PMCID: PMC5987225 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants are catalysts for protein damage, aggregation, and the aging process. Fortunately, evolution selected adaptive homeostasis as a system to mitigate such damage by expanding the normal capacity to cope with toxic stresses. Little is known about the subcellular degradative responses to proteins oxidatively damaged by air pollution. To better understand the impact of environmental toxicants upon the adaptive homeostatic response, female C57BL/6 mice were exposed for 10 weeks to filtered air or reaerosolized vehicular-derived nano-scale particulate matter (nPM), at which point tissues from young (6 month) and middle-aged (21 month) mice were studied. We found significant increases of proteolytic capacity in lung, liver, and heart. Up to two-fold increases were seen in the 20S Proteasome, the Immunoproteasome, the mitochondrial Lon protease, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a major transcriptional factor for these and other stress-responsive genes. The responses were equivalent in all organs, despite the indirect input of inhaled particles to heart and liver which are downstream of lung. To our knowledge, this is the first exploration of proteostatic responses to oxidative damage by air pollution. Although, middle-aged mice had higher basal levels, their Nrf2-responsive-genes exhibited no response to nanoparticulate exposure. We also found a parallel age-associated rise in the Nrf2 transcriptional inhibitors, Bach1 and c-Myc which appear to attenuate adaptive responses in older mammals, possibly explaining the 'age-ceiling effect.' This report extends prior findings in male mice by demonstrating the involvement of proteolytic responses to traffic-related air pollution in lung, liver, and heart of female mice, with an age-dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Mayme Cline
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Nicholas Woodward
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Payam Pakbin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the Viterbi School of Engineering, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the Viterbi School of Engineering, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
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Khan F, Ricks-Santi LJ, Zafar R, Kanaan Y, Naab T. Expression of p27 and c-Myc by immunohistochemistry in breast ductal cancers in African American women. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:170-174. [PMID: 29715580 PMCID: PMC6008231 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteins p27 and c-Myc are both key players in the cell cycle. While p27, a tumor suppressor, inhibits progression from G1 to S phase, c-Myc, a proto-oncogene, plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The objective of our study was to determine the association between expression of c-Myc and the loss of p27 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the four major subtypes of breast cancer (BC) (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and Triple Negative) and with other clinicopathological factors in a population of 202 African-American (AA) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from FFPE tumor blocks from primary ductal breast carcinomas in 202 AA women. Five micrometer sections were stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against p27 and a rabbit monoclonal antibody against c-Myc. The sections were evaluated for intensity of nuclear reactivity (1-3) and percentage of reactive cells; an H-score was derived from the product of these measurements. RESULTS Loss of p27 expression and c-Myc overexpression showed statistical significance with ER negative (p < 0.0001), PR negative (p < 0.0001), triple negative (TN) (p < 0.0001), grade 3 (p = 0.038), and overall survival (p = 0.047). There was no statistical significant association between c-Myc expression/p27 loss and luminal A/B and Her2 overexpressing subtypes. CONCLUSION In our study, a statistically significant association between c-Myc expression and p27 loss and the triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) was found in AA women. A recent study found that constitutive c-Myc expression is associated with inactivation of the axin 1 tumor suppressor gene. p27 inhibits cyclin dependent kinase2/cyclin A/E complex formation. Axin 1 and CDK inhibitors may represent possible therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Khan
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Luisel J Ricks-Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Rabia Zafar
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tammey Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Han J, Zhou J, Yuan H, Zhu L, Ma H, Hang D, Li D. Genetic variants within the cancer susceptibility region 8q24 and ovarian cancer risk in Han Chinese women. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36462-36468. [PMID: 28430593 PMCID: PMC5482668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic variants at chromosome 8q24 confer susceptibility to various types of cancer. This case-control study was designed to explore the relationship between genetic variants at 8q24 and ovarian cancer risk in Han Chinese women. Two variants (rs13281615 A > G and rs6983267 T > G) were genotyped in 377 ovarian cancer cases and 1034 cancer-free controls using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the G allele of rs6983267 was significantly associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer (additive model: adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-1.43, P = 0.048; recessive model: adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.06-2.15, P = 0.023). However, no significant association was observed between rs13281615 and ovarian cancer. In stratified analysis, the risk effect of rs6983267 variant remained significant in premenopausal women (additive model: adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.18-2.23, P = 0.003). Summarily, this study suggested that 8q24 rs6983267 may contribute to the susceptibility of ovarian cancer in premenopausal Han Chinese women, supporting the pleiotropy of 8q24 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Longbiao Zhu
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing 210005, China
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Mihalyova J, Jelinek T, Growkova K, Hrdinka M, Simicek M, Hajek R. Venetoclax: A new wave in hematooncology. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:10-25. [PMID: 29477371 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of antiapoptotic proteins of the BCL2 family can successfully restart the deregulated process of apoptosis in malignant cells. Whereas nonselective agents have been limited by their affinity to different BCL2 members, thus inducing excessive toxicity, the highly selective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199, Venclexta™) has an acceptable safety profile. To date, it has been approved in monotherapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion. Extension of indications can be expected in monotherapy and in combination regimens. Sensitivity to venetoclax is not common in lymphomas, but promising outcomes have been achieved in the mantle cell lymphoma group. Venetoclax is also active in multiple myeloma patients, especially in those with translocation t(11;14), even if high-risk features such as del17p are also present. Surprisingly, positive results are being obtained in elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients, in whom inhibition of BCL2 is able to substantially increase the efficacy of low-dose cytarabine or hypomethylating agents. Here, we provide a summary of available results from clinical trials and describe a specific mechanism of action that stands behind the efficacy of venetoclax in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mihalyova
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Jelinek
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Growkova
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Hrdinka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Simicek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Pourteimoor V, Paryan M, Mohammadi‐Yeganeh S. microRNA as a systemic intervention in the specific breast cancer subtypes with C‐MYC impacts; introducing subtype‐based appraisal tool. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5655-5669. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research ComplexPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Samira Mohammadi‐Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Characterization of brain tumor initiating cells isolated from an animal model of CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13733-13747. [PMID: 29568390 PMCID: PMC5862611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CNS Primitive Neuroectodermal tumors (CNS-PNETs) are members of the embryonal family of malignant childhood brain tumors, which remain refractory to current therapeutic treatments. Current paradigm of brain tumorigenesis implicates brain tumor-initiating cells (BTIC) in the onset of tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. However, despite their significance, there is currently no comprehensive characterization of CNS-PNETs BTICs. Recently, we described an animal model of CNS-PNET generated by orthotopic transplantation of human Radial Glial (RG) cells - the progenitor cells for adult neural stem cells (NSC) - into NOD-SCID mice brain and proposed that BTICs may play a role in the maintenance of these tumors. Here we report the characterization of BTIC lines derived from this CNS-PNET animal model. BTIC’s orthotopic transplantation generated highly aggressive tumors also characterized as CNS-PNETs. The BTICs have the hallmarks of NSCs as they demonstrate self-renewing capacity and have the ability to differentiate into astrocytes and early migrating neurons. Moreover, the cells demonstrate aberrant accumulation of wild type tumor-suppressor protein p53, indicating its functional inactivation, highly up-regulated levels of onco-protein cMYC and the BTIC marker OCT3/4, along with metabolic switch to glycolysis - suggesting that these changes occurred in the early stages of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, based on RNA- and DNA-seq data, the BTICs did not acquire any transcriptome-changing genomic alterations indicating that the onset of tumorigenesis may be epigenetically driven. The study of these BTIC self-renewing cells in our model may enable uncovering the molecular alterations that are responsible for the onset and maintenance of the malignant PNET phenotype.
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Trakhtenberg EF, Li Y, Feng Q, Tso J, Rosenberg PA, Goldberg JL, Benowitz LI. Zinc chelation and Klf9 knockdown cooperatively promote axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2018; 300:22-29. [PMID: 29106981 PMCID: PMC5745290 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inability of axons to regenerate over long-distances in the central nervous system (CNS) limits the recovery of sensory, motor, and cognitive functions after various CNS injuries and diseases. Although pre-clinical studies have identified a number of manipulations that stimulate some degree of axon growth after CNS damage, the extent of recovery remains quite limited, emphasizing the need for improved therapies. Here, we used traumatic injury to the mouse optic nerve as a model system to test the effects of combining several treatments that have recently been found to promote axon regeneration without the risks associated with manipulating known tumor suppressors or oncogenes. The treatments tested here include TPEN, a chelator of mobile (free) zinc (Zn2+); shRNA against the axon growth-suppressing transcription factor Klf9; and the atypical growth factor oncomodulin combined with a cAMP analog. Whereas some combinatorial treatments produced only marginally stronger effects than the individual treatments alone, co-treatment with TPEN and Klf9 knockdown had a substantially stronger effect on axon regeneration than either one alone. This combination also promoted a high level of cell survival at longer time points. Thus, Zn2+ chelation in combination with Klf9 suppression holds therapeutic potential for promoting axon regeneration after optic nerve injury, and may also be effective for treating other CNS injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim F Trakhtenberg
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Yiqing Li
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qian Feng
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Janice Tso
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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López de Maturana E, Malats N. Genetic Testing, Genetic Variation, and Genetic Susceptibility. Bladder Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809939-1.00033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Schick M, Habringer S, Nilsson JA, Keller U. Pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of aberrant MYC expression in haematological cancers. Br J Haematol 2017; 179:724-738. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schick
- Internal Medicine III; School of Medicine; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Internal Medicine III; School of Medicine; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Jonas A. Nilsson
- Department of Surgery; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Internal Medicine III; School of Medicine; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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