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Nougué H, Picard F, Cohen-Solal A, Logeart D, Launay JM, Vodovar N. Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in chronic heart failure. iScience 2024; 27:108520. [PMID: 38161412 PMCID: PMC10755360 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) increased proBNP T71 glycosylation, which is regulated negatively by hypoxia via miR-30a in vitro. Using a cohort of 73 HFrEF patients who were transitioned from standard HF medication to S/V, we found that the increase in proBNP T71 glycosylation after S/V was associated with a decrease in cardiac hypoxia. We further found that plasma levels of K709-acteylated HIF1α, HIF-regulated and HIF-independent biomarkers also evolved consistently with a decrease in hypoxia. We further confirmed that biomarker changes were related to hypoxia, in a rat model subjected to isobaric hypoxia. We measured them in rats subjected to isobaric hypoxia. Overall, these data strongly suggest that optimally treated HFrEF patients exhibited subclinical hypoxia that is improved by S/V. The data also posit proBNP T71 glycosylation as a biomarker of cardiac hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Nougué
- Université de Paris and Inserm UMR-S 942, Paris, France
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Saint Louis – Lariboisière – Fernand Vidal University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Picard
- Service d’insuffisance cardiaque, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Alain Cohen-Solal
- Université de Paris and Inserm UMR-S 942, Paris, France
- Department of Cardiology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Damien Logeart
- Université de Paris and Inserm UMR-S 942, Paris, France
- Department of Cardiology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
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2
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Motealleh A, Schäfer AH, Fromm O, Kehr NS. 3D-Printed Oxygen-Carrying Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Enhanced Cell Viability under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4758-4769. [PMID: 34605650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient and heterogeneous oxygen (O2) distribution within engineered tissues results in hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia is one of the characteristics of solid tumors. To date, very few studies have used an O2-deliverable injectable hydrogel for cancer treatment under hypoxic conditions. In this field, we describe a new O2-carrying nanomaterial and an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel (PMOF and AlgL-PMOF, respectively) that can provide extended oxygen levels for cell survival under hypoxia. Particularly, PMOF and AlgL-PMOF enhance cell viability under hypoxic and normoxic cell culturing conditions. Moreover, sustained oxygen availability in the presence of an anticancer drug within the 3D network of AlgL-PMOF results in a decrease in the viability of malignant and immortal cells, while the viability of healthy cells increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andisheh Motealleh
- Physikalisches Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busse-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Olga Fromm
- MEET─Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Correnstrasse 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nermin S Kehr
- Physikalisches Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busse-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Wadsworth BJ, Decotret LR, Villamil C, Yapp D, Wilson D, Benard F, McKenzie M, Bennewith KL. Evaluation of 18F-EF5 for detection of hypoxia in localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1489-1498. [PMID: 34379579 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1959636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common feature of solid tumours that are resistant to therapy is the presence of regions with low oxygen content (i.e., hypoxia). Oxygen electrode studies suggest that localized prostate adenocarcinoma is commonly hypoxic, although conflicting data have been reported between immunohistochemical detection of hypoxia-induced proteins in biopsy specimens and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F-labeled hypoxia reporters. Although the 2-nitroimidazole 18F-EF5 is well-established to label hypoxic tumour cells in pre-clinical tumour models and clinical trials of multiple primary tumour sites, it has yet to be tested in prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 18F-EF5 to detect hypoxia in clinical prostate tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were recruited for pre-treatment 18F-EF5 PET scans. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on diagnostic biopsies to assess the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), osteopontin (OPN), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Immunoreactivity scores of staining intensity and frequency were used to indicate the presence of tumour hypoxia. RESULTS We found low tumour-to-muscle ratios of 18F-EF5 uptake that were not consistent with tumour hypoxia, causing early termination of the study. However, we observed GLUT1 and OPN expression in all prostate tumour biopsies, indicating the presence of hypoxia in all tumours. CONCLUSION Our data do not support the use of 18F-EF5 PET to detect hypoxia in prostate adenocarcinoma, and suggest the use of immunohistochemistry to quantify expression of the hypoxia-inducible proteins GLUT1 and OPN as indications of prostate tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J. Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisa R. Decotret
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Donald Yapp
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Don Wilson
- Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Thiruthaneeswaran N, Bibby BAS, Yang L, Hoskin PJ, Bristow RG, Choudhury A, West C. Lost in application: Measuring hypoxia for radiotherapy optimisation. Eur J Cancer 2021; 148:260-276. [PMID: 33756422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The history of radiotherapy is intertwined with research on hypoxia. There is level 1a evidence that giving hypoxia-targeting treatments with radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival without compromising late side-effects. Despite coming in and out of vogue over decades, there is now an established role for hypoxia in driving molecular alterations promoting tumour progression and metastases. While tumour genomic complexity and immune profiling offer promise, there is a stronger evidence base for personalising radiotherapy based on hypoxia status. Despite this, there is only one phase III trial targeting hypoxia modification with full transcriptomic data available. There are no biomarkers in routine use for patients undergoing radiotherapy to aid management decisions, and a roadmap is needed to ensure consistency and provide a benchmark for progression to application. Gene expression signatures address past limitations of hypoxia biomarkers and could progress biologically optimised radiotherapy. Here, we review recent developments in generating hypoxia gene expression signatures and highlight progress addressing the challenges that must be overcome to pave the way for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niluja Thiruthaneeswaran
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Becky A S Bibby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lingjang Yang
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catharine West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Butti R, Kumar TVS, Nimma R, Banerjee P, Kundu IG, Kundu GC. Osteopontin Signaling in Shaping Tumor Microenvironment Conducive to Malignant Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:419-441. [PMID: 34664250 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Context-dependent reciprocal crosstalk between cancer and surrounding stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment is imperative for the regulation of various hallmarks of cancer. A myriad of growth factors, chemokines, and their receptors aids in the interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironmental components. Osteopontin is a chemokine-like protein, overexpressed in different types of cancers. Osteopontin plays a crucial role in orchestrating dialogue between cancer and stromal cells. Osteopontin, in tumor microenvironment, is produced in tumor as well as stromal cells. Tumor-derived osteopontin regulates proliferation, migration, activation, and differentiation of different types of stromal cells. Osteopontin secreted from tumor cells regulates the generation of cancer-associated fibroblasts from resident fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Osteopontin also shapes immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by controlling regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Moreover, secretion of osteopontin from tumor stroma has been highly documented. Stromal cell-derived osteopontin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cell enrichment. Tumor- or stroma-derived osteopontin mainly functions through binding with cell surface receptors, integrins and CD44, and activates downstream signaling events like PI-3 kinase/Akt and MAPK pathways. Presumably, disrupting the communication between the tumor cells and surrounding microenvironment by targeting osteopontin-regulated signaling using specific antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, and chemotherapeutic agents is a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Totakura V S Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Ramakrishna Nimma
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Pinaki Banerjee
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Ipsita G Kundu
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Institute of Eminence, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India. .,School of Biotechnology and Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT Deemed to be University, Institute of Eminence, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Miki H, Okito A, Akiyama M, Ono T, Tachikawa N, Nakahama KI. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of osteopontin by cyclic adenosine 3' 5'-monophosphate in osteoblasts. Gene 2020; 763:145059. [PMID: 32858177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is not only a marker of osteoblasts but it is also related to cancer progression and inflammation. The expression of OPN increases in response to inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and mechanical stress. Among them, cyclic-AMP (cAMP) elevating agents stimulate OPN expression in the presence of 1, 25-OH vitamin D3 (VD3). We aimed to clarify the mechanism by which cAMP enhances OPN expression in osteoblastic cells. The OPN promoter (-2335 to +76, OPNp2335) exerted a cell type specific response to forskolin (FK) and VD3. Sequential deletion analysis of OPNp revealed that the OPNp (-833 to +76) contained essential responsive regions to respond to cAMP signaling. In particular, both Vitamin D response element (VDRE, -758 to -743) and osteoblast-specific cis- acting element 2 (OSE2, -695 to -690) were essential for cAMP-mediated OPNp activity. The expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), but not runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a nuclear receptor for OSE2, was induced by the treatment of the cells with FK. Although, VD3-induced OPNp activity was slightly enhanced in VDR-overexpressing osteoblasts, it reached the same level as that of osteoblasts induced by both VD3 and FK in the presence of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Moreover, we identified histone acetylation on the OPN promoter region by FK treatment. These results strongly suggest that OPNp activity is controlled by the cAMP signaling via genetic and epigenetic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Miki
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Okito
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Noriko Tachikawa
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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Expression of pro-angiogenic factors as potential biomarkers in experimental models of colon cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1427-1440. [PMID: 32300865 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE RAS mutational status in colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a predictive biomarker of response to anti-EGFR therapy, but to date it cannot be considered an appropriate biomarker of response to anti-VEGF therapy. To elucidate the function of K-Ras in promoting angiogenesis, the effect of conditioned media from KRAS mutated and wild type colon cancer cell lines on HUVECs tubule formation ability and the correspondent production of pro-angiogenic factors have been evaluated by a specific ELISA assay. METHODS Ras-activated signaling pathways were compared by western blot analysis and RTq-PCR. In addition, VEGF, IL-8, bFGF and HIF-1α expression was determined in K-RAS silenced cells. Furthermore, we conducted an observational study in a cohort of RAS mutated metastatic CRC patients, treated with first-line bevacizumab-based regimens, evaluating VEGF-A and IL-8 plasma levels at baseline, and during treatment. RESULTS K-RAS promotes VEGF production by cancer cell lines. At the transcriptional level, this is reflected to a K-RAS dependent HIF-1α over-expression. Moreover, the HIF-1α, VEGF and FGF expression inhibition in KRAS knocked cells confirmed these results. Within the clinical part, no statistically significant correlation has been found between progression-free survival (PFS) and VEGF-A/IL-8 levels, but we cannot exclude that these biomarkers could be further investigated as predictive or prognostic biomarkers in this setting. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the direct involvement of K-Ras in promoting angiogenesis into colon cancer cell lines.
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8
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Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Ruiz A, Calzada MJ. Hypoxia and Redox Signaling on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: From Mechanisms to Pathological Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:802-822. [PMID: 28715969 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential modulator of cell behavior that influences tissue organization. It has a strong relevance in homeostasis and translational implications for human disease. In addition to ECM structural proteins, matricellular proteins are important regulators of the ECM that are involved in a myriad of different pathologies. Recent Advances: Biochemical studies, animal models, and study of human diseases have contributed to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling of the ECM, both in homeostasis and disease. Some of them might help in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to review what is known about some of the most studied matricellular proteins and their regulation by hypoxia and redox signaling, as well as the pathological implications of such regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Matricellular proteins have complex regulatory functions and are modulated by hypoxia and redox signaling through diverse mechanisms, in some cases with controversial effects that can be cell or tissue specific and context dependent. Therefore, a better understanding of these regulatory processes would be of great benefit and will open new avenues of considerable therapeutic potential. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the specific molecular mechanisms that modulate matricellular proteins in pathological processes that involve hypoxia and redox signaling warrants additional consideration to harness the potential therapeutic value of these regulatory proteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 802-822.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Departmento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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Ostheimer C, Gunther S, Bache M, Vordermark D, Multhoff G. Dynamics of Heat Shock Protein 70 Serum Levels As a Predictor of Clinical Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Correlation with the Hypoxia-Related Marker Osteopontin. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1305. [PMID: 29093708 PMCID: PMC5651249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia mediates resistance to radio(chemo)therapy (RT) by stimulating the synthesis of hypoxia-related genes, such as osteopontin (OPN) and stress proteins, including the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Apart from its intracellular localization, Hsp70 is also present on the plasma membrane of viable tumor cells that actively release it in lipid vesicles with biophysical characteristics of exosomes. Exosomal Hsp70 contributes to radioresistance while Hsp70 derived from dying tumor cells can serve as a stimulator of immune cells. Given these opposing traits of extracellular Hsp70 and the unsatisfactory outcome of locally advanced lung tumors, we investigated the role of Hsp70 in the plasma of patients with advanced, non-metastasized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before (T1) and 4–6 weeks after RT (T2) in relation to OPN as potential biomarkers for clinical response. Plasma levels of Hsp70 correlate with those of OPN at T1, and high OPN levels are significantly associated with a decreased overall survival (OS). Due to a therapy-induced reduction in viable tumor mass after RT Hsp70 plasma levels dropped significantly at T2 (p = 0.016). However, with respect to the immunostimulatory capacity of Hsp70 derived from dying tumor cells, patients with higher post-therapeutic Hsp70 levels showed a significantly better response to RT (p = 0.034) than those with lower levels at T2. In summary, high OPN plasma levels at T1 are indicative for poor OS, whereas elevated post-therapeutic Hsp70 plasma levels together with a drop of Hsp70 between T1 and T2, successfully predict favorable responses to RT. Monitoring the dynamics of Hsp70 in NSCLC patients before and after RT can provide additional predictive information for clinical outcome and therefore might allow a more rapid therapy adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sophie Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Lu J, Wang QY, Zhou Y, Lu XC, Liu YH, Wu Y, Guo Q, Ma YT, Tang YQ. AstragalosideⅣ against cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting TRPM7 channel. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:10-17. [PMID: 28545665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside Ⅳ (ASG-Ⅳ, (Fig. 1) is the most active component of Chinese sp. Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Fabaceae) that has showed antioxidant, antiapoptotic and antiviral activities among others. It is reported to play an important role in cardiac fibrosis (CF), but the mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of ASG-Ⅳ on inhibiting myocardial fibrosis induced by hypoxia. STUDY DESIGN We studied the relationship between anti-fibrotic effect of ASG-Ⅳ and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7) by in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS In vivo, CF was induced by subcutaneous isoproterenol (ISO) for 10 days. Rat hearts were resected for histological experiment and reverse transcription real-time quantitative poly merase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In vitro, molecular and cellular biology technologies were used to confirm the anti-fibrosis effect underlying mechanism of ASG-Ⅳ. RESULTS Histological findings and the collagen volume fraction showed that ASG-Ⅳ decreased fibrosis in heart tissues. Hypoxia could stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblast which indicated that the degree of fibrosis was increased significantly. Anoxic treatment could also obviously up-regulate the expression of TRPM7 protein and current. ASG-Ⅳ groups showed the opposite results. Knock-down TRPM7 experiment further confirmed the role of TRPM7 channel in hypoxia-induced cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the inhibition of hypoxia-induced CF in vivo and in vitro by ASG-IV is associated with reduction of the expression of TRPM7. The moderate inhibition of the TRPM7 channel may be a new strategy for treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Quan-Yi Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Lu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA general hospital, Beijing100853, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun-Tian Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi-Qun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Goda JS, Pachpor T, Basu T, Chopra S, Gota V. Targeting the AKT pathway: Repositioning HIV protease inhibitors as radiosensitizers. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:145-59. [PMID: 27121513 PMCID: PMC4859124 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.180201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular resistance in tumour cells to different therapeutic approaches has been a limiting factor in the curative treatment of cancer. Resistance to therapeutic radiation is a common phenomenon which significantly reduces treatment options and impacts survival. One of the mechanisms of acquiring resistance to ionizing radiation is the overexpression or activation of various oncogenes like the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), RAS (rat sarcoma) oncogene or loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) which in turn activates the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3-K)/AKT pathway responsible for radiation resistance in various tumours. Blocking the pathway enhances the radiation response both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the differential activation of this pathway (constitutively activated in tumour cells and not in the normal host cells), it is an excellent candidate target for molecular targeted therapy to enhance radiation sensitivity. In this regard, HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) known to interfere with PI3-K/AKT signaling in tumour cells, have been shown to sensitize various tumour cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, HPIs are now being investigated as possible radiosensitizers along with various chemotherapeutic drugs. This review describes the mechanisms by which PI3-K/AKT pathway causes radioresistance and the role of HIV protease inhibitors especially nelfinavir as a potential candidate drug to target the AKT pathway for overcoming radioresistance and its use in various clinical trials for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant S Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Clinical Biology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Advance Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
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Rupp NJ, Schüffler PJ, Zhong Q, Falkner F, Rechsteiner M, Rüschoff JH, Fankhauser C, Drach M, Largo R, Tremp M, Poyet C, Sulser T, Kristiansen G, Moch H, Buhmann J, Müntener M, Wild PJ. Oxygen supply maps for hypoxic microenvironment visualization in prostate cancer. J Pathol Inform 2016; 7:3. [PMID: 26955501 PMCID: PMC4763504 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.175376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intratumoral hypoxia plays an important role with regard to tumor biology and susceptibility to radio- and chemotherapy. For further investigation of hypoxia-related changes, areas of certain hypoxia must be reliably detected within cancer tissues. Pimonidazole, a 2-nitroimindazole, accumulates in hypoxic tissue and can be easily visualized using immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: To improve detection of highly hypoxic versus normoxic areas in prostate cancer, immunoreactivity of pimonidazole and a combination of known hypoxia-related proteins was used to create computational oxygen supply maps of prostate cancer. Pimonidazole was intravenously administered before radical prostatectomy in n = 15 patients, using the da Vinci robot-assisted surgical system. Prostatectomy specimens were immediately transferred into buffered formaldehyde, fixed overnight, and completely embedded in paraffin. Pimonidazole accumulation and hypoxia-related protein expression were visualized by immunohistochemistry. Oxygen supply maps were created using the normalized information from pimonidazole and hypoxia-related proteins. Results: Based on pimonidazole staining and other hypoxia.related proteins (osteopontin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, and glucose transporter member 1) oxygen supply maps in prostate cancer were created. Overall, oxygen supply maps consisting of information from all hypoxia-related proteins showed high correlation and mutual information to the golden standard of pimonidazole. Here, we describe an improved computer-based ex vivo model for an accurate detection of oxygen supply in human prostate cancer tissue. Conclusions: This platform can be used for precise colocalization of novel candidate hypoxia-related proteins in a representative number of prostate cancer cases, and improve issues of single marker correlations. Furthermore, this study provides a source for further in situ tests and biochemical investigations
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Rupp
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schüffler
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstr 6, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Falkner
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rechsteiner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan H Rüschoff
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Drach
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Remo Largo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Tremp
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Buhmann
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstr 6, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Müntener
- Department of Urology, City Hospital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a clinically relevant cause of radiation resistance. Direct measurements of tumor oxygenation have been performed predominantly with the Eppendorf histograph and these have defined the reduced prognosis after radiotherapy in poorly oxygenated tumors, especially head-and-neck cancer, cervix cancer and sarcoma. Exogenous markers have been used for immunohistochemical detection of hypoxic tumor areas (pimonidazole) or for positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging (misonidazole). Overexpression of hypoxia-related proteins such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has also been linked to poor prognosis after radiotherapy and such proteins are considered as potential endogenous hypoxia markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Vordermark
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Michael R Horsman
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Zschaeck S, Steinbach J, Troost EGC. FMISO as a Biomarker for Clinical Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:189-201. [PMID: 27318688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well-known negative prognostic marker in almost all solid tumours. [18F]Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO)-positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive method to detect tumour hypoxia. Compared to other methods of hypoxia assessment it possesses some considerable advantages: It is non-invasive, it delivers spatial information on the hypoxia distribution within the entire tumour volume, and it can be repeated during the course of radio(chemo)therapy. This chapter briefly describes different methods of hypoxia evaluation and focuses on hypoxia PET imaging, with the most commonly used tracer being FMISO. The preclinical rationale and clinical studies to use FMISO-PET for patient stratification in radiation therapy are discussed as well as possible agents or radiation-dose modifications to overcome hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zschaeck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther G C Troost
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Wohlleben G, Scherzad A, Güttler A, Vordermark D, Kuger S, Flentje M, Polat B. Influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression in head and neck cancer and glioblastoma cell lines. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:167. [PMID: 26259597 PMCID: PMC4554368 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia is a known risk factor for reduced response to radiotherapy. The evaluation of noninvasive methods for the detection of hypoxia is therefore of interest. Osteopontin (OPN) has been discussed as an endogenous hypoxia biomarker. It is overexpressed in many cancers and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Methods To examine the influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression we used different cell lines (head and neck cancer (Cal27 and FaDu) and glioblastoma multiforme (U251 and U87)). Cells were treated with hypoxia for 24 h and were then irradiated with doses of 2 and 8 Gy. Osteopontin expression was analyzed on mRNA level by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and on protein level by western blot. Cell culture supernatants were evaluated for secreted OPN by ELISA. Results Hypoxia caused an increase in osteopontin protein expression in all cell lines. In Cal27 a corresponding increase in OPN mRNA expression was observed. In contrast the other cell lines showed a reduced mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. After irradiation OPN mRNA expression raised slightly in FaDu and U87 cells while it was reduced in U251 and stable in Cal27 cells under normoxia. The combined treatment (hypoxia and irradiation) led to a slight increase of OPN mRNA after 2 Gy in U251 (24 h) and in U87 (24 and 48 h) cell lines falling back to base line after 8 Gy. This effect was not seen in Cal27 or in FaDu cells. Secreted OPN was detected only in the two glioblastoma cell lines with reduced protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Again the combined treatment resulted in a minor increase in OPN secretion 48 hours after irradiation with 8 Gy. Conclusion Osteopontin expression is strongly modulated by hypoxia and only to a minor extent by irradiation. Intracellular OPN homeostasis seems to vary considerably between cell lines. This may explain the partly conflicting results concerning response prediction and prognosis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kuger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Buelent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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16
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Swartz JE, Pothen AJ, Stegeman I, Willems SM, Grolman W. Clinical implications of hypoxia biomarker expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1101-16. [PMID: 25919147 PMCID: PMC4529348 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness increases that the tumor biology influences treatment outcome and prognosis in cancer. Tumor hypoxia is thought to decrease sensitivity to radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy. Presence of hypoxia may be assessed by investigating expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia (EMH) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this systematic review we investigated the effect of EMH expression on local control and survival according to treatment modality in head and neck cancer (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC]). A search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible for inclusion that described EMH expression in relation to outcome in HNSCC patients. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Hazard ratios for locoregional control and survival were extracted. Forty studies of adequate quality were included. HIF-1a, HIF-2a, CA-IX, GLUT-1, and OPN were identified as the best described EMHs. With exception of HIF-2a, all EMHs were significantly related to adverse outcome in multiple studies, especially in studies where patients underwent single-modality treatment. Positive expression was often correlated with adverse clinical characteristics, including disease stage and differentiation grade. In summary, EMH expression was common in HNSCC patients and negatively influenced their prognosis. Future studies should investigate the effect of hypoxia-modified treatment schedules in patients with high In summary, EMH expression. These may include ARCON, treatment with nimorazole, or novel targeted therapies directed at hypoxic tissue. Also, the feasibility of surgical removal of the hypoxic tumor volume prior to radiotherapy should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajit J Pothen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Cheng C, Zhang FJ, Tian J, Tu M, Xiong YL, Luo W, Li YS, Song BB, Gao SG, Lei GH. Osteopontin inhibits HIF-2α mRNA expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2415-2419. [PMID: 26136997 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effect of osteopontin (OPN) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in chondrocytes and the role of OPN in osteoarthritis (OA). Cartilage was purified from the tibial surfaces of patients with OA of the knee and cultured in vitro to obtain chondrocytes. Recombinant human OPN (rhOPN) and OPN small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to treat the chondrocytes, and the changes in the expression levels of the HIF-2α gene were measured. An anti-CD44 blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used to determine the probable ligand-receptor interactions. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were designed and validated with SYBR® Green dyes for the simultaneous quantification of the mRNA expression levels of OPN and HIF-2α. The mRNA expression level of HIF-2α was markedly decreased in the rhOPN-treated group compared with that in the control group; by contrast, OPN siRNA increased HIF-2α gene expression. CD44 blocking mAb suppressed the inhibitory effect of OPN on HIF-2α mRNA expression. The results of the present study suggest that OPN may play a protective role in OA by inhibiting HIF-2α gene expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes through CD44 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Min Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Lin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Bing Song
- Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Changsha, Hunan 410019, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China ; Orthopaedics Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China ; Orthopaedics Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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18
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Irshad K, Mohapatra SK, Srivastava C, Garg H, Mishra S, Dikshit B, Sarkar C, Gupta D, Chandra PS, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. A combined gene signature of hypoxia and notch pathway in human glioblastoma and its prognostic relevance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118201. [PMID: 25734817 PMCID: PMC4348203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Its synergism with Notch signaling promotes progression in different cancers. However, Notch signaling exhibits pleiotropic roles and the existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of its perturbations under hypoxia in GBM with respect to all components of the pathway. We identified the key molecular cluster(s) characteristic of the Notch pathway response in hypoxic GBM tumors and gliomaspheres. Expression of Notch and hypoxia genes was evaluated in primary human GBM tissues by q-PCR. Clustering and statistical analyses were applied to identify the combination of hypoxia markers correlated with upregulated Notch pathway components. We found well-segregated tumor—clusters representing high and low HIF-1α/PGK1-expressors which accounted for differential expression of Notch signaling genes. In combination, a five-hypoxia marker set (HIF-1α/PGK1/VEGF/CA9/OPN) was determined as the best predictor for induction of Notch1/Dll1/Hes1/Hes6/Hey1/Hey2. Similar Notch-axis genes were activated in gliomaspheres, but not monolayer cultures, under moderate/severe hypoxia (2%/0.2% O2). Preliminary evidence suggested inverse correlation between patient survival and increased expression of constituents of the hypoxia-Notch gene signature. Together, our findings delineated the Notch-axis maximally associated with hypoxia in resected GBM, which might be prognostically relevant. Its upregulation in hypoxia-exposed gliomaspheres signify them as a better in-vitro model for studying hypoxia-Notch interactions than monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chitrangda Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhawana Dikshit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Subrata Sinha
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (SS)
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (SS)
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19
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Schröck K, Lutz J, Mändl S, Hacker MC, Kamprad M, Schulz-Siegmund M. Co(II)-mediated effects of plain and plasma immersion ion implanted cobalt-chromium alloys on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:325-33. [PMID: 25469667 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Medical CoCr is one of the main alloys used for metal-on-metal prosthesis in patients with total hip arthroplasty. CoCr surfaces modified by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) are characterized by improved wear resistance but also showed increased Co(II) ion release under in vitro conditions. For the first time, CoCr modified by nitrogen PIII was evaluated with regard to its effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MSC. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, the expression of the osteogenic genes Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin as well as integrin-binding bone sialoprotein and the production of osteocalcin and hydroxyapatite were determined. The results of our study demonstrate that Co(II) ions released from the alloy affected the osteogenic differentiation of MSC. Distinct differences in differentiation markers were found between pristine and modified alloys for osteocalcin but not for integrin-binding sialoprotein and hydroxyapatite. Interestingly, osteopontin was upregulated in naive and differentiated MSC by Co(II) ions and modified CoCr, likely through the induction of a cellular hypoxic response. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of possible risk factors with regard to a clinical applicability of surface modified CoCr implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Schröck
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Leipzig, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Nakamura T, Shinriki S, Jono H, Ueda M, Nagata M, Guo J, Hayashi M, Yoshida R, Ota T, Ota K, Kawahara K, Nakagawa Y, Yamashita S, Nakayama H, Hiraki A, Shinohara M, Ando Y. Osteopontin-integrin α(v)β(3) axis is crucial for 5-fluorouracil resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:231-9. [PMID: 25497015 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of a chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been limited because of drug resistance. This study aimed to identify novel mechanisms of 5-FU resistance. Here we found increased osteopontin (OPN) gene expression in OSCC tissues with resistance to 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy. OPN overexpression in OSCC cells led to 5-FU resistance and abrogated the prosurvival effect of the drug in a mouse xenograft model. OPN-induced 5-FU resistance required integrin αvβ3. Targeting integrin αvβ3 reversed the resistance in a 5-FU-resistant clone highly expressing OPN. Our data suggest that the OPN-integrin αvβ3 axis is crucial for 5-FU resistance in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Jianying Guo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Ota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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21
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Walsh JC, Lebedev A, Aten E, Madsen K, Marciano L, Kolb HC. The clinical importance of assessing tumor hypoxia: relationship of tumor hypoxia to prognosis and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1516-54. [PMID: 24512032 PMCID: PMC4159937 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a well-established biological phenomenon that affects the curability of solid tumors, regardless of treatment modality. Especially for head and neck cancer patients, tumor hypoxia is linked to poor patient outcomes. Given the biological problems associated with tumor hypoxia, the goal for clinicians has been to identify moderately to severely hypoxic tumors for differential treatment strategies. The "gold standard" for detecting and characterizing of tumor hypoxia are the invasive polarographic electrodes. Several less invasive hypoxia assessment techniques have also shown promise for hypoxia assessment. The widespread incorporation of hypoxia information in clinical tumor assessment is severely impeded by several factors, including regulatory hurdles and unclear correlation with potential treatment decisions. There is now an acute need for approved diagnostic technologies for determining the hypoxia status of cancer lesions, as it would enable clinical development of personalized, hypoxia-based therapies, which will ultimately improve outcomes. A number of different techniques for assessing tumor hypoxia have evolved to replace polarographic pO2 measurements for assessing tumor hypoxia. Several of these modalities, either individually or in combination with other imaging techniques, provide functional and physiological information of tumor hypoxia that can significantly improve the course of treatment. The assessment of tumor hypoxia will be valuable to radiation oncologists, surgeons, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies who are engaged in developing hypoxia-based therapies or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Walsh
- 1 Siemens Molecular Imaging, Inc. , Culver City, California
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22
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Bandopadhyay M, Bulbule A, Butti R, Chakraborty G, Ghorpade P, Ghosh P, Gorain M, Kale S, Kumar D, Kumar S, Totakura KVS, Roy G, Sharma P, Shetti D, Soundararajan G, Thorat D, Tomar D, Nalukurthi R, Raja R, Mishra R, Yadav AS, Kundu GC. Osteopontin as a therapeutic target for cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:883-95. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.925447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ostheimer C, Bache M, Güttler A, Kotzsch M, Vordermark D. A pilot study on potential plasma hypoxia markers in the radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Osteopontin, carbonic anhydrase IX and vascular endothelial growth factor. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 190:276-82. [PMID: 24322994 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-013-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic radioresistance plays a critical role in the radiotherapy of cancer and adversely impacts prognosis and treatment response. This prospective study investigated the interrelationship and the prognostic significance of several hypoxia-related proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated by radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pretreatment osteopontin (OPN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) plasma levels were determined by ELISA in 55 NSCLC (M0) patients receiving 66 Gy curative-intent radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Marker correlation, association with clinicopathological parameters and the prognostic value of a biomarker combination was evaluated. RESULTS All biomarkers were linearly correlated and linked to different clinical parameters including lung function, weight loss (OPN), gross tumor volume (VEGF) and T stage (CA IX). High OPN (p = 0.03), VEGF (p = 0.02) and CA IX (p = 0.04) values were significantly associated with poor survival. Double marker combination additively increased the risk of death by a factor of 2 and high plasma levels of the triple combination OPN/VEGF/CA IX yielded a 5.9-fold risk of death (p = 0.009). The combined assessment of OPN/VEGF/CA IX correlated independently with prognosis (p = 0.03) in a multivariate Cox regression model including N stage, T stage and GTV. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that a co-detection augments the prognostic value of single markers and that the integration of OPN, VEGF and CA IX into a hypoxic biomarker profile for the identification of patients with largely hypoxic and radioresistant tumors should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Dryanderstr. 4, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany,
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24
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The impact of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Front Med 2013; 8:33-41. [PMID: 24234682 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia stabilizes transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), to activate gene transcription. Expression of HIF is closely associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. HIF mediates expression of genes that are involved in every step of HCC metastasis including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion of the extracellular matrix, intravasation, extravasation, and secondary growth of the metastases. Because HIF is the central regulator of HCC metastasis, HIF inhibitors are attractive tools when used alone or as combined treatment to curb HCC metastasis. This review will summarize the current findings on the impact of hypoxia/HIF in HCC, with a particular focus on cancer metastasis.
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Routray S, Kheur SM, Kheur M. Osteopontin: a marker for invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma but not for potentially malignant epithelial dysplasias. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:421-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Raja R, Kale S, Thorat D, Soundararajan G, Lohite K, Mane A, Karnik S, Kundu GC. Hypoxia-driven osteopontin contributes to breast tumor growth through modulation of HIF1α-mediated VEGF-dependent angiogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2053-64. [PMID: 23728336 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a salient feature of most solid tumors, and hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells has crucial implications in propagation of malignant clonal cell population. Osteopontin (OPN) has been identified as a hypoxia-responsive gene, but the mechanistic and regulatory role of OPN under hypoxia is less characterized. The present study identifies the existence of a positive inter-regulatory loop between hypoxia and OPN. We have shown that hypoxia induces OPN expression in breast cancer cells; however, the expression was found to be HIF1α independent. OPN enabled transcriptional upregulation of HIF1α expression both under normoxia and hypoxia, whereas stability of HIF1α protein in breast cancer cells remained unaffected. Moreover, we have shown that OPN induces integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/Akt-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 activation leading to HIF1α-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis in response to hypoxia. These in vitro data are biologically important as OPN expressing cells induce greater tumor growth and angiogenesis through enhanced expressions of proangiogenic molecules as compared with control. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancer specimens revealed significant correlation between OPN and HIF1α but not HIF2α. Elevated expression of HIF1α and OPN was observed in pre-neoplastic and early stage infiltrating ductal carcinoma implicating the role of these proteins in neoplastic progression of breast cancer. Together, our results substantiate the prime role of OPN in cellular adaptation through ILK and NF-κB-mediated HIF1α-dependent VEGF expression in response to hypoxia that ultimately controls breast cancer progression and angiogenesis. Our study reinforces the fact that targeting OPN and its regulated signaling network hold important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - S Kale
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - D Thorat
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - G Soundararajan
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - K Lohite
- Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
| | - A Mane
- Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
| | - S Karnik
- Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
| | - G C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
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27
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Papworth K, Bergh A, Grankvist K, Ljungberg B, Sandlund J, Rasmuson T. Osteopontin but not parathyroid hormone-related protein predicts prognosis in human renal cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:159-65. [PMID: 22731830 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2012.693623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between osteopontin (OPN) in serum and plasma and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in serum, plasma and tumour tissue, and to assess the prognostic impact of OPN and PTHrP in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 269 patients with RCC. In 189 patients, immunohistochemical (IHC) PTHrP tumour tissue expression was evaluated, and OPN and PTHrP in serum were assessed. In 80 patients, plasma OPN and PTHrP were analysed. Tumour type, TNM stage, nuclear grade and RCC-specific survival were also registered. In a sub-group, IHC expression of CD 31 was assessed. The prognostic information of the factors was analysed using uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median OPN level was 2.3 times higher in plasma than in serum. Serum OPN was significantly higher in patients with papillary RCC compared to clear cell RCC and chromophobe RCC. Both serum and plasma OPN levels were positively correlated to TNM stage and nuclear grade. Multivariate analysis showed that serum and plasma OPN levels were independent prognostic factors for RCC-specific survival, along with TNM stage. Immunohistochemical expression of PTHrP associated to TNM stage but not to nuclear grade or serum OPN. Furthermore, IHC expression of PTHrP was positively correlated to serum PTHrP but inversely to tumour CD31 expression. Plasma PTHrP was increased in 20% of the patients and related to TNM stage but not to nuclear grade. Plasma OPN was significantly higher in patients with increased PTHrP levels, compared to those with normal levels. CONCLUSION Plasma OPN levels differed between RCC types, and in clear cell RCC, both serum and plasma OPN levels were independent predictors of survival. We found no evidence for prognostic value related to circulating levels or the IHC expression of PTHrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Papworth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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28
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Influence of osteopontin silencing on survival and migration of lung cancer cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 189:62-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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O'Brien JH, Vanderlinden LA, Schedin PJ, Hansen KC. Rat mammary extracellular matrix composition and response to ibuprofen treatment during postpartum involution by differential GeLC-MS/MS analysis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4894-905. [PMID: 22897585 DOI: 10.1021/pr3003744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer patients diagnosed within five years following pregnancy have increased metastasis and decreased survival. A hallmark of postpartum biology that may contribute to this poor prognosis is mammary gland involution, involving massive epithelial cell death and dramatic stromal remodeling. Previous studies show pro-tumorigenic properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) isolated from rodent mammary glands undergoing postpartum involution. More recent work demonstrates systemic ibuprofen treatment during involution decreases its tumor-promotional nature. Utilizing a proteomics approach, we identified relative differences in the composition of mammary ECM isolated from nulliparous rats and those undergoing postpartum involution, with and without ibuprofen treatment. GeLC-MS/MS experiments resulted in 20327 peptide identifications that mapped to 884 proteins with a <0.02% false discovery rate. Label-free quantification yielded several ECM differences between nulliparous and involuting glands related to collagen-fiber organization, cell motility and attachment, and cytokine regulation. Increases in known pro-tumorigenic ECM proteins osteopontin, tenascin-C, and laminin-α1 and pro-inflammatory proteins STAT3 and CD68 further identify candidate mediators of breast cancer progression specific to the involution window. With postpartum ibuprofen treatment, decreases in tenascin-C and three laminin chains were revealed. Our data suggest novel ECM mediators of breast cancer progression and demonstrate a protective influence of ibuprofen on mammary ECM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenean H O'Brien
- School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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30
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Wen F, Zhou R, Shen A, Choi A, Uribe D, Shi J. The tumor suppressive role of eIF3f and its function in translation inhibition and rRNA degradation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34194. [PMID: 22457825 PMCID: PMC3311619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated translation plays an important role in human cancer. We previously reported decreased eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit f (eIF3f) expression in pancreatic cancer. Whether decreased eIF3f expression can transform normal epithelial cells is not known. In our current study, we found evidence that stable knockdown of eIF3f in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells increased cell size, nuclear pleomorphism, cytokinesis defects, cell proliferation, clonogenicity, apoptotic resistance, migration, and formation of 3-dimensional irregular masses. Our findings support the tumor suppressive role of eIF3f in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, we found that eIF3f inhibited both cap-dependent and cap-independent translation. An increase in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) level was suggested to promote the generation of cancer. The regulatory mechanism of rRNA degradation in mammals is not well understood. We demonstrated here that eIF3f promotes rRNA degradation through direct interaction with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K. We showed that hnRNP K is required for maintaining rRNA stability: under stress conditions, eIF3f dissociates hnRNP K from rRNA, thereby preventing it from protecting rRNA from degradation. We also demonstrated that rRNA degradation occurred in non-P body, non-stress granule cytoplasmic foci that contain eIF3f. Our findings established a new mechanism of rRNA decay regulation mediated by hnRNP K/eIF3f and suggest that the tumor suppressive function of eIF3f may link to impaired rRNA degradation and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Wen
- Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Renyuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Shen
- Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andrew Choi
- Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Diana Uribe
- Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Lin SC, Chien CW, Lee JC, Yeh YC, Hsu KF, Lai YY, Lin SC, Tsai SJ. Suppression of dual-specificity phosphatase-2 by hypoxia increases chemoresistance and malignancy in human cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1905-16. [PMID: 21490398 DOI: 10.1172/jci44362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the cellular response to altered oxygen levels. HIF-1α protein is elevated in most solid tumors and contributes to poor disease outcome by promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. To date, the relationship between HIF-1 and these processes, particularly chemoresistance, has remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that expression of the MAPK-specific phosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase-2 (DUSP2) is markedly reduced or completely absent in many human cancers and that its level of expression inversely correlates with that of HIF-1α and with cancer malignancy. Analysis of human cancer cell lines indicated that HIF-1α inhibited DUSP2 transcription, which resulted in prolonged phosphorylation of ERK and, hence, increased chemoresistance. Knockdown of DUSP2 increased drug resistance under normoxia, while forced expression of DUSP2 abolished hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Further, reexpression of DUSP2 during cancer progression caused tumor regression and markedly increased drug sensitivity in mice xenografted with human tumor cell lines. Furthermore, a variety of genes involved in drug response, angiogenesis, cell survival, and apoptosis were found to be downregulated by DUSP2. Our results demonstrate that DUSP2 is a key downstream regulator of HIF-1-mediated tumor progression and chemoresistance. DUSP2 therefore may represent a novel drug target of particular relevance in tumors resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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32
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a common condition found in a wide range of solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis. Hypoxia increases tumor glycolysis, angiogenesis, and other survival responses, as well as invasion and metastasis by activating relevant gene expressions through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). HIF-1α and HIF-2α undergo oxygen-dependent regulation, and their overexpression is frequently associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. Recent studies show that each step of the metastasis process, from the initial epithelial-mesenchymal transition to the ultimate organotropic colonization, can potentially be regulated by hypoxia, suggesting a master regulator role of hypoxia and HIFs in metastasis. Furthermore, modulation of cancer stem cell self-renewal by HIFs may also contribute to the hypoxia-regulated metastasis program. The hypoxia-induced metastatic phenotype may be one of the reasons for the modest efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies and may well explain the recent provocative findings that antiangiogenic therapy increased metastasis in preclinical models. Multiple approaches to targeting hypoxia and HIFs, including HIF inhibitors, hypoxia-activated bioreductive prodrugs, and gene therapies may become effective treatments to prevent or reduce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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33
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Shevde LA, Das S, Clark DW, Samant RS. Osteopontin: an effector and an effect of tumor metastasis. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:71-81. [PMID: 20205680 DOI: 10.2174/156652410791065381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that is produced by multiple tissues in our body and is most abundant in bone. It is also produced by cancer cells and plays a determinative role in the growth, progression and metastasis of cancer. Clinically, OPN has been reported to be upregulated in tumor cells per se; this is also reflected by increased levels of OPN in the circulation. Thus, increased OPN levels the plasma are an effect of tumor growth and progression. Functionally, high OPN levels are determinative of higher incidence of bone metastases in mouse models and are clinically correlated with metastatic bone disease and bone resorption in advanced breast cancer patients. Several research efforts have been made to therapeutically target and inhibit the activities of OPN. In this article we have reviewed OPN in its role as an effector of critical steps in tumor progression and metastasis, with a particular emphasis on its role in facilitating bone metastasis of breast cancer. We have also addressed the role of the host-derived OPN in influencing the malignant behavior of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Shevde
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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34
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Zeng M, Kikuchi H, Pino MS, Chung DC. Hypoxia activates the K-ras proto-oncogene to stimulate angiogenesis and inhibit apoptosis in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10966. [PMID: 20532039 PMCID: PMC2881039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The KRAS proto-oncogene plays a key role in the development of many human tumors and is commonly activated by somatic mutation or signaling through specific growth factor receptors. However, the interaction between the micro-environment and K-ras activity has not been defined. Hypoxia invariably develops as tumors outgrow their supply of oxygen. A series of well-orchestrated cellular adaptations occur that stimulate angiogenesis and enhance survival of the tumor in hypoxic conditions. Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant KRAS alleles can interact with hypoxia to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colon cancer. We sought to determine whether similar hypoxic responses are also present in tumors without a KRAS mutation. Hypoxia consistently increased the levels of activated, GTP-bound K-ras in colon cancer cell lines with a wild-type KRAS gene, and this depended upon the activation of c-Src. Inhibition of c-Src by PP2 treatment or siRNA knockdown blocked the hypoxic activation of K-ras. This activation of K-ras did not depend upon EGFR and resulted in the phosphorylation of Akt and induction of VEGF expression. In addition, activation of K-ras significantly blocked apoptosis in hypoxic conditions. These studies reveal a unique adaptive mechanism in hypoxia that activates K-ras signaling in the absence of a mutant KRAS oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria S. Pino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Courter D, Cao H, Kwok S, Kong C, Banh A, Kuo P, Bouley DM, Vice C, Brustugun OT, Denko NC, Koong AC, Giaccia A, Le QT. The RGD domain of human osteopontin promotes tumor growth and metastasis through activation of survival pathways. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9633. [PMID: 20224789 PMCID: PMC2835762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human osteopontin (OPN), a known tumor associated protein, exists in different isoforms, whose function is unclear. It also possesses a RGD domain, which has been implicated in diverse function. Here, we use genetic approaches to systematically investigate the function of the RGD domain in different OPN isoforms on tumor progression and metastasis for 2 different solid tumor models. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using isoform-specific qRT-PCR, we found that OPN-A and B were the main isoforms overexpressed in evaluated human tumors, which included 4 soft tissue sarcomas, 24 lung and 30 head and neck carcinomas. Overexpression of either OPN-A or B in two different cell types promoted local tumor growth and lung metastasis in SCID mouse xenografts. However, expression of either isoform with the RGD domain either mutated or deleted decreased tumor growth and metastasis, and resulted in increased apoptosis by TUNEL staining. In vitro, whereas mutation of the RGD domain did not affect cell-cell adhesion, soft agar growth or cell migration, it increased apoptosis under hypoxia and serum starvation. This effect could be mitigated when the RGD mutant cells were treated with condition media containing WT OPN. Mechanistically, the RGD region of OPN inhibited apoptosis by inducing NF-kappaB activation and FAK phosphorylation. Inhibition of NF-kappaB (by siRNA to the p65 subunit) or FAK activation (by a inhibitor) significantly increased apoptosis under hypoxia in WT OPN cells, but not in RGD mutant cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Unlike prior reports, our data suggest that the RGD domain of both OPN-A and B promote tumor growth and metastasis mainly by protecting cells against apoptosis under stressed conditions and not via migration or invasion. Future inhibitors directed against OPN should target multiple isoforms and should inhibit cell survival mechanisms that involve the RGD domain, FAK phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Courter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shirley Kwok
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christina Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alice Banh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peiwen Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Bouley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Carmen Vice
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Odd Terje Brustugun
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas C. Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Albert C. Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Amato Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Jubb AM, Buffa FM, Harris AL. Assessment of tumour hypoxia for prediction of response to therapy and cancer prognosis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:18-29. [PMID: 19840191 PMCID: PMC3837600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells exploit both genetic and adaptive means to survive and proliferate in hypoxic microenvironments, resulting in the outgrowth of more aggressive tumour cell clones. Direct measurements of tumour oxygenation, and surrogate markers of the hypoxic response in tumours (for instance, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, carbonic anhydrase 9 and glucose transporter-1) are well-established prognostic markers in solid cancers. However, individual markers do not fully capture the complex, dynamic and heterogeneous hypoxic response in cancer. To overcome this, expression profiling has been employed to identify hypoxia signatures in cohorts or models of human cancer. Several of these hypoxia signatures have demonstrated prognostic significance in independent cancer datasets. Nevertheless, individual hypoxia markers have been shown to predict the benefit from hypoxia-modifying or anti-angiogenic therapies. This review aims to discuss the clinical impact of translational work on hypoxia markers and to explore future directions for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Jubb
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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37
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Alman BA, Wunder JS. Parathyroid hormone-related protein regulates glioma-associated oncogene transcriptional activation: lessons learned from bone development and cartilage neoplasia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1144:36-41. [PMID: 19076361 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1418.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) signaling play important roles regulating the differentiation of chondrocytes, which form the template for growing bone. By studying the interaction of the pathways in normal and neoplastic growth-plate chondrocytes (from enchondromas, a benign cartilage tumor), an unexpected direct regulation of hedgehog-mediated transcriptional activation by parathyroid hormone-related protein was uncovered. This regulation acts through the processing of the hedgehog-activated transcription factor, glioma-associated oncogene-three (Gli3). When PTHrP activates its receptor, Gli3 is processed to its repressor form though a protein kinase A (PKA) -dependent mechanism. Thus, activation of a G protein-coupled receptor can negatively regulate hedgehog-mediated transcription independent of hedgehog ligand activity, raising intriguing therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Alman
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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The tumor microenvironment and metastatic disease. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 26:19-34. [PMID: 18543068 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is a heterogeneous, complex milieu for tumor growth and survival that includes features such as acidic pH, low nutrient levels, elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and chronic and fluctuating levels of oxygenation that relate to the abnormal vascular network that exists in tumors. The metastatic potential of tumor cells is believed to be regulated by interactions between the tumor cells and their extracellular environment (extracellular matrix (ECM)). These interactions can be modified by the accumulation of genetic changes and by the transient alterations in gene expression induced by the local tumor microenvironment. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that altered gene expression in response to the hypoxic microenvironment is a contributing factor to increased metastatic efficiency. A number of genes that have been implicated in the metastatic process, involving angiogenesis, intra/extravasation, survival and growth, have been found to be hypoxia-responsive. The various metastatic determinants, genetic and epigenetic, somatic and inherited may serve as precedents for the future identification of more genes that are involved in metastasis. Much research has focused on genetic and molecular properties of the tumor cells themselves. In the present review we discuss the epigenetic and physiological regulation of metastasis and emphasize the need for further studies on the interactions between the pathophysiologic tumor microenvironment and the tumor extracellular matrix.
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Dewhirst MW, Cao Y, Moeller B. Cycling hypoxia and free radicals regulate angiogenesis and radiotherapy response. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:425-37. [PMID: 18500244 PMCID: PMC3943205 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and free radicals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, can alter the function and/or activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). Interplay between free radicals, hypoxia and HIF1 activity is complex and can influence the earliest stages of tumour development. The hypoxic environment of tumours is heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally, and can change in response to cytotoxic therapy. Free radicals created by hypoxia, hypoxia-reoxygenation cycling and immune cell infiltration after cytotoxic therapy strongly influence HIF1 activity. HIF1 can then promote endothelial and tumour cell survival. As discussed here, a constant theme emerges: inhibition of HIF1 activity will have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Roth KM, Oghumu S, Satoskar AA, Gunn JS, van Rooijen N, Satoskar AR. Respiratory infection with Francisella novicida induces rapid dystrophic cardiac calcinosis (DCC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 53:72-8. [PMID: 18400010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis causes pulmonary tularemia and death in humans when left untreated. Here, using a novel aerosol infection model, we show that acute pulmonary Francisella novicida infection not only causes pneumonia and liver damage, but also induces dystrophic cardiac calcinosis (DCC) in BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 mice also develop pneumonia and hepatic damage, but fail to develop DCC. Development of DCC in BALB/c mice is associated with significant induction of RANKL but not osteopontin in their organs. Depletion of lung macrophages prior to infection markedly reduces pericarditis and calcification in BALB/c mice but does not increase their susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Roth
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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41
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Fong GH. Mechanisms of adaptive angiogenesis to tissue hypoxia. Angiogenesis 2008; 11:121-40. [PMID: 18327686 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-008-9107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is mostly an adaptive response to tissue hypoxia, which occurs under a wide variety of situations ranging from embryonic development to tumor growth. In general, angiogenesis is dependent on the accumulation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which are heterodimeric transcription factors of alpha and beta subunits. Under normoxia, HIF heterodimers are not abundantly present due to oxygen dependent hydroxylation, polyubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation of alpha subunits. Under hypoxia, however, alpha subunits are stabilized and form heterodimers with HIF-1beta which is not subject to oxygen dependent regulation. The accumulation of HIFs under hypoxia allows them to activate the expression of many angiogenic genes and therefore initiates the angiogenic process. In recent years, however, it has become clear that various other mechanisms also participate in fine tuning angiogenesis. In this review, I discuss the relationship between hypoxia and angiogenesis under five topics: (1) regulation of HIF-alpha abundance and activity by oxygen tension and other conditions including oxygen independent mechanisms; (2) hypoxia-regulated expression of angiogenic molecules by HIFs and other transcription factors; (3) responses of vascular cells to hypoxia; (4) angiogenic phenotypes due to altered HIF signaling in mice; and (5) role of the HIF pathway in pathological angiogenesis. Studies discussed under these topics clearly indicate that while mechanisms of oxygen-regulated HIF-alpha stability provide exciting opportunities for the development of angiogenesis or anti-angiogenesis therapies, it is also highly important to consider various other mechanisms for the optimization of these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3501, USA.
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Activation of the PI3-K/AKT pathway and implications for radioresistance mechanisms in head and neck cancer. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tang H, Wang J, Bai F, Zhai H, Gao J, Hong L, Xie H, Zhang F, Lan M, Yao W, Liu J, Wu K, Fan D. Positive correlation of osteopontin, cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric cancer. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:60-7. [PMID: 18181047 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701519279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are overexpressed in various experimental models of malignancy. However, the correlation and role of the three molecules in gastric cancer is unclear. In the present study, we found that OPN, COX-2 and VEGF were overexpressed in 53 cancerous tissues with gastric cancer compared with 40 normal mucosa tissues by immunohistochemistry method. Moreover, the results indicated co-expression of OPN, COX-2, and VEGF in gastric cancer. Levels of OPN, COX-2, and VEGF were all significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P < 0.05), while not related to prognosis of patients. In addition, individual levels of OPN, COX-2, and VEGF were all significantly correlated with microvessel density (MVD), valued by CD34 staining directly with r-values of 0.416, 0.400, and 0.566, respectively (P < 0.01). Both OPN and COX-2 levels showed a positive correlation with VEGF (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, expression of COX-2 is in relation to OPN (P < 0.01). Overall, survival for patients with high MVD was significantly lower than for patients with low MVD (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that OPN, COX-2, and VEGF synergically promote angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer. It may be an important and useful strategy to target these molecules for prevention and therapy of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, PR China
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Charlesworth PJS, Harris AL. Hypoxic Regulation of Angiogenesis by HIF-1. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Zhang L, Hill RP. Hypoxia enhances metastatic efficiency in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells by increasing cell survival in lungs, not cell adhesion and invasion. Cancer Res 2007; 67:7789-97. [PMID: 17699784 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined possible mechanisms for hypoxia-increased metastasis in a green fluorescent protein-labeled human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). The efficiency of the lung arrest of tumor cells, which can be dependent on the adhesive potential of the tumor cells, was assessed by measuring the level of integrin alpha3beta1 protein and by adhesion assays, whereas the extravasation potential was examined by an invasion assay. These properties were not changed by exposure to hypoxia, indicating that lung arrest and extravasation are unlikely to play a major role in the effect of hypoxia on metastasis in this model. The main effect of hypoxic exposure was found to be increased survival after lung arrest as determined by clonogenic assay of tumor cells recovered from mouse lungs after i.v. injection. Concomitantly, apoptosis was identified as responsible for the death of lung-arrested cells, suggesting the involvement of an altered apoptotic response following hypoxic exposure of these cells. Consistent with this finding, we found that the effect of hypoxia on both increased metastasis and survival of arrested cells was inhibited by treatment with farnesylthiosalicylic acid. However, this effect was not due to down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, a mechanism of action of this drug reported by previous studies. Further detailed studies of the mechanisms of action of the drug are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Research Division, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Colla S, Tagliaferri S, Morandi F, Lunghi P, Donofrio G, Martorana D, Mancini C, Lazzaretti M, Mazzera L, Ravanetti L, Bonomini S, Ferrari L, Miranda C, Ladetto M, Neri TM, Neri A, Greco A, Mangoni M, Bonati A, Rizzoli V, Giuliani N. The new tumor-suppressor gene inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4) regulates the production of proangiogenic molecules by myeloma cells and suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity: involvement in myeloma-induced angiogenesis. Blood 2007; 110:4464-75. [PMID: 17848618 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-074617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely elucidated. The new tumor-suppressor gene inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4) has been recently implicated in solid tumors as a repressor of angiogenesis. In this study, we found that ING4 expression in MM cells was correlated with the expression of the proangiogenic molecules interleukin-8 (IL-8) and osteopontin (OPN). Moreover, we demonstrate that ING4 suppression in MM cells up-regulated IL-8 and OPN, increasing the hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity and its target gene NIP-3 expression in hypoxic condition. In turn, we show that the inhibition of HIF-1alpha by siRNA suppressed IL-8 and OPN production by MM cells under hypoxia. A direct interaction between ING4 and the HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HPH-2) was also demonstrated. Finally, we show that ING4 suppression in MM cells significantly increased vessel formation in vitro, blunted by blocking IL-8 or OPN. These in vitro observations were confirmed in vivo by finding that MM patients with high IL-8 production and microvascular density (MVD) have significantly lower ING4 levels compared with those with low IL-8 and MVD. Our data indicate that ING4 exerts an inhibitory effect on the production of proangiogenic molecules and consequently on MM-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Colla
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Nordsmark M, Eriksen JG, Gebski V, Alsner J, Horsman MR, Overgaard J. Differential risk assessments from five hypoxia specific assays: The basis for biologically adapted individualized radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2007; 83:389-97. [PMID: 17499868 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia adversely relates with prognosis in human tumours. Five hypoxia specific predictive marker assays were compared and correlated with definitive radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas were studied for pre-treatment plasma osteopontin measured by ELISA, tumour oxygenation status using pO(2) needle electrodes and tumour osteopontin, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and carboxyanhydrase 9 (CA9) by immunohistochemistry. The primary treatment was radiotherapy and the hypoxic radiosensitizer nimorazole. Loco-regional tumour control was evaluated at 5 years. RESULTS All five markers showed inter-tumour variability. Inter-marker correlations were inconsistent. Only plasma osteopontin inversely correlated with median tumour pO(2), (p=0.02, r=0.28) and CA9 correlated with HIF-1alpha (p<0.01, r=0.45). In Kaplan-Meier analysis high plasma osteopontin, high HIF-1alpha and high proportion of tumour pO(2)2.5mmHg (HP(2.5)) related significantly with poorer loco-regional control, whereas CA9 and tumour osteopontin failed to predict loco-regional control in this set dataset. When analyzing Hb, stage, and the five markers by competing risks HP(2.5) was the strongest variable to predict for loco-regional tumour control. CONCLUSION There was diversity and lack of correlation among five different hypoxia assays within individual tumours. High plasma osteopontin, high HIF-1alpha and high proportion of tumour pO(2)2.5mmHg (HP(2.5)) related significantly with poorer loco-regional control, whereas CA9 and tumour OPN failed to predict local control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nordsmark
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Abstract
Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of locally advanced solid tumors, has emerged as a pivotal factor of the tumor (patho-)physiome since it can promote tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Hypoxia represents a "Janus face" in tumor biology because (a) it is associated with restrained proliferation, differentiation, necrosis or apoptosis, and (b) it can also lead to the development of an aggressive phenotype. Independent of standard prognostic factors, such as tumor stage and nodal status, hypoxia has been suggested as an adverse prognostic factor for patient outcome. Studies of tumor hypoxia involving the direct assessment of the oxygenation status have suggested worse disease-free survival for patients with hypoxic cervical cancers or soft tissue sarcomas. In head & neck cancers the studies suggest that hypoxia is prognostic for survival and local control. Technical limitations of the direct O(2) sensing technique have prompted the use of surrogate markers for tumor hypoxia, such as hypoxia-related endogenous proteins (e.g., HIF-1alpha, GLUT-1, CA IX) or exogenous bioreductive drugs. In many - albeit not in all - studies endogenous markers showed prognostic significance for patient outcome. The prognostic relevance of exogenous markers, however, appears to be limited. Noninvasive assessment of hypoxia using imaging techniques can be achieved with PET or SPECT detection of radiolabeled tracers or with MRI techniques (e.g., BOLD). Clinical experience with these methods regarding patient prognosis is so far only limited. In the clinical studies performed up until now, the lack of standardized treatment protocols, inconsistencies of the endpoints characterizing the oxygenation status and methodological differences (e.g., different immunohistochemical staining procedures) may compromise the power of the prognostic parameter used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vaupel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Matsuzaki H, Shima K, Muramatsu T, Ro Y, Hashimoto S, Shibahara T, Shimono M. Osteopontin as biomarker in early invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in tongue. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:30-4. [PMID: 17181739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has not been clearly elucidated. METHODS We selected 46 cases of tongue SCC and investigated the expression of OPN by immunohistochemical staining. The immunopositive reaction and score for each case were semiquantitatively evaluated. RESULTS Scores were significantly higher in carcinoma nests than in neighboring normal epithelium or epithelial dysplasia. The OPN was expressed clearly in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. In cases of early invasive carcinoma, in particular, expression of OPN showed a remarkable increase at the invasion front compared with the non-invaded regions. However, there was no significant correlation between expression of OPN in the primary tumor nest and lymphatic metastasis, recurrence, or survival rate. CONCLUSION This suggests that OPN is a useful biomarker of early invasion by SCC in tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuzaki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Petrik D, Lavori PW, Cao H, Zhu Y, Wong P, Christofferson E, Kaplan MJ, Pinto HA, Sutphin P, Koong AC, Giaccia AJ, Le QT. Plasma osteopontin is an independent prognostic marker for head and neck cancers. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:5291-7. [PMID: 17114663 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.06.8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm the relationship between plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels and treatment outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients in an expanded study. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred forty patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC were enrolled onto this study, 54 previously reported and 86 new patients. Pretreatment plasma OPN levels were assessed in all patients by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. OPN levels were correlated to treatment outcomes in the new group of patients. Detailed analyses were also performed on the relationship between OPN and tumor control rate, event-free survival (EFS), and postrelapse survival for the entire group. RESULTS Using a previously defined cut off point of 450 ng/mL, there was a significant correlation between OPN and freedom-from-relapse (P = .047), overall survival (P = .019), and EFS (P = .023) in the new, independent patient cohort (n = 86). Sequence of event analyses using the entire group (N = 140) revealed that OPN was an independent prognostic factor for initial tumor control, EFS in those who have achieved tumor control, and postrelapse survival. CONCLUSION In this expanded study, we were able to replicate the prognostic significance of OPN using a predefined cut off point in an independent patient group and demonstrated that plasma OPN is an independent prognostic marker for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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