1
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Sarangi J, Das P, Ahmad A, Sulaiman M, Ghosh S, Gupta B, Panwar R, Pal S, Yadav R, Ahuja V, Sen S, Upadhyay AD, Dash NR, Sharma A, Gupta SD. Methylation study of tumor suppressor genes in human aberrant crypt foci, colorectal carcinomas, and normal colon. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:268-274. [PMID: 38554332 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1573_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the earliest preneoplastic lesions in human colon, identifiable on chromoendoscopic screening. Our objective was to evaluate the %methylation of APC, CDKN2A, MLH1, RASSF1, MGMT, and WIF1 tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in ACF, corresponding colorectal carcinomas (CRC), and normal colonic mucosal controls. METHODS In this study, macroscopically normal-appearing mucosal flaps were sampled 5-10 cm away from the tumor mass from 302 fresh colectomy specimens to identify ACF-like lesions. Thirty-five cases with multiple ACFs were selected (n 35) as the main study group, with corresponding sections from CRC (n 35) as disease controls, and mucosal tissue blocks from 20 colectomy specimens (normal controls), operated for non-neoplastic pathologies. Genomic DNA was extracted, and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on a customized methylation array model. %Methylation data were compared among the groups and with clinicopathological parameters. Selected target mRNA and protein expression studies were performed. RESULTS %Methylation of TSGs in ACF was intermediate between normal colon and CRC, although a statistically significant difference was observed only for the WIF1 gene (P < 0.01). Also, there was increased nuclear β-catenin expression and upregulation of CD44-positive cancer-stem cells in ACF and CRCs than in controls. Right-sided ACFs and dysplastic ACFs had a higher %methylation of CDKN2A (P < 0.01), whereas hyperplastic ACFs had a higher %methylation of RASSF1 (P 0.04). The topographic characteristics of ACFs did not correlate with TSG %methylation. CONCLUSIONS Early epigenetic methylation of WIF1 gene is one of the mechanisms for ACF development in human colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Sarangi
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed Sulaiman
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shouriyo Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijnandan Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Panwar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujoy Pal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudip Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asish D Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics and, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihar R Dash
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddhartha D Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Khan S, Kwak YT, Peng L, Hu S, Cantarel BL, Lewis CM, Gao Y, Mani RS, Kanneganti TD, Zaki H. NLRP12 downregulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via interaction with STK38 to suppress colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166295. [PMID: 37581937 PMCID: PMC10541192 DOI: 10.1172/jci166295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) at advanced stages is rarely curable, underscoring the importance of exploring the mechanism of CRC progression and invasion. NOD-like receptor family member NLRP12 was shown to suppress colorectal tumorigenesis, but the precise mechanism was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that invasive adenocarcinoma development in Nlrp12-deficient mice is associated with elevated expression of genes involved in proliferation, matrix degradation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Signaling pathway analysis revealed higher activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but not NF-κB and MAPK pathways, in the Nlrp12-deficient tumors. Using Nlrp12-conditional knockout mice, we revealed that NLRP12 downregulates β-catenin activation in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby suppressing colorectal tumorigenesis. Consistent with this, Nlrp12-deficient intestinal organoids and CRC cells showed increased proliferation, accompanied by higher activation of β-catenin in vitro. With proteomic studies, we identified STK38 as an interacting partner of NLRP12 involved in the inhibition of phosphorylation of GSK3β, leading to the degradation of β-catenin. Consistently, the expression of NLRP12 was significantly reduced, while p-GSK3β and β-catenin were upregulated in mouse and human colorectal tumor tissues. In summary, NLRP12 is a potent negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the NLRP12/STK38/GSK3β signaling axis could be a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brandi L. Cantarel
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, and
| | - Cheryl M. Lewis
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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3
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Shen CH, Li PY, Wang SC, Wu SR, Hsieh CY, Dai YC, Liu YW. Epigenetic regulation of human WIF1 and DNA methylation situation of WIF1 and GSTM5 in urothelial carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16004. [PMID: 37206019 PMCID: PMC10189273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) is known to function as a tumor suppressor gene; it inhibits oncogene activation by preventing WNT signaling. This study investigated the epigenetic regulation of WIF1 gene in bladder cancer. We observed a positive relationship between WIF1 mRNA expression and survival probability of bladder cancer patients. The WIF1 gene expression could be enhanced by DNA demethylation drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), suggesting that epigenetic modifications could regulate WIF1 gene expression. Overexpression of WIF1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in 5637 cells, confirming the tumor suppressor role of WIF1. 5-Aza-dC dose dependently increased WIF1 gene expression while reducing DNA methylation level, suggesting that reversing WIF1 DNA methylation could activate its gene expression. We collected the cancer tissues and urine pellets of bladder cancer patients and only urine pellets from non-bladder cancer volunteers for DNA methylation analysis, but the methylation level of WIF1 gene -184 to +29 did not differ between patients and controls. We also analyzed glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (GSTM5) gene methylation level because GSTM5 DNA hypermethylation was suggested to be a tumor biomarker in our previous study. It confirmed a higher GSTM5 DNA methylation in bladder cancer patients than in controls. In summary, this study suggests that the 5-aza-dC activated WIF1 gene which showed an anti-cancer effect, while WIF1 promoter -184 to +29 did not provide a suitable methylation assay region in clinical samples. In contrast, GSTM5 promoter -258 to -89 is a useful region for DNA methylation assay because it shows a higher methylation level in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
- SKBIO Technology Corporation, Taipei, 114065, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chieh Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 437, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Rong Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Yang P, Zhu Y, Zheng Q, Meng S, Wu Y, Shuai W, Sun Q, Wang G. Recent advances of β-catenin small molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy: Current development and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Wang Z, Zhao T, Zhang S, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao H, Yang Y, Shi S, Chen Q, Liu K. The Wnt signaling pathway in tumorigenesis, pharmacological targets, and drug development for cancer therapy. Biomark Res 2021; 9:68. [PMID: 34488905 PMCID: PMC8422786 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling was initially recognized to be vital for tissue development and homeostasis maintenance. Further studies revealed that this pathway is also important for tumorigenesis and progression. Abnormal expression of signaling components through gene mutation or epigenetic regulation is closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in several tissues. Additionally, Wnt signaling also influences the tumor microenvironment and immune response. Some strategies and drugs have been proposed to target this pathway, such as blocking receptors/ligands, targeting intracellular molecules, beta-catenin/TCF4 complex and its downstream target genes, or tumor microenvironment and immune response. Here we discuss the roles of these components in Wnt signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, the underlying mechanisms that is responsible for the activation of Wnt signaling, and a series of drugs targeting the Wnt pathway provide multiple therapeutic values. Although some of these drugs exhibit exciting anti-cancer effect, clinical trials and systematic evaluation should be strictly performed along with multiple-omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH164UU, UK
| | - Junkai Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Songlin Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China. .,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.
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6
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Frizzled 7 Activates β-Catenin-Dependent and β-Catenin-Independent Wnt Signalling Pathways During Developmental Morphogenesis: Implications for Therapeutic Targeting in Colorectal Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 34455486 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Frizzled7 activates β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent Wnt signalling pathways, is highly conserved through evolution from the ancient phylum hydra to man, plays essential roles in stem cells, tissue homeostasis and regeneration in the adult, and is upregulated in diverse cancers. Much of what is known about the core components of the Wnt signalling pathways was derived from studying the function of Frizzled7 orthologues in the development of lower organism. As we interrogate Frizzled7 signalling and function for therapeutic targeting in cancer, it is timely to revisit lower organisms to gain insight into the context dependent and dynamic nature of Wnt signalling for effective drug design.
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7
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Nie C, Han X, Wei R, Leonteva A, Hong J, Du X, Wang J, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Xue Y, Zhou H, Tian W. Association of ZNF331 and WIF1 methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes with the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:551. [PMID: 33992091 PMCID: PMC8126111 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA methylation may serve as a surrogate marker to evaluate the susceptibility to and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, blood-derived DNA methylation levels of two tumour-related genes, namely, ZNF331 and WIF1, and their impacts on the risk and prognosis of GC were evaluated. Methods In total, 398 GC cases and 397 controls were recruited for the study. Then, all cases were followed up for 5 years. ZNF331 and WIF1 promoter methylation status in PBLs was measured using a methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting method. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to analyse the correlation between gene methylation and the risk and prognosis of GC. Confounders were balanced through propensity score (PS) matching. Results High ZNF331 methylation significantly decreased GC risk after PS adjustment (OR = 0.580, 95% CI: 0.375–0.898, P = 0.015), which also presented in males (OR = 0.577, 95% CI: 0.343–0.970, P = 0.038). However, WIF1 methylation was not associated with GC risk. Additionally, significant combined effects between ZNF331 methylation and the intake of green vegetables and garlic were observed (OR = 0.073, 95% CI: 0.027–0.196, P < 0.001 and OR = 0.138, 95% CI: 0.080–0.238, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, ZNF331 and WIF1 methylation had no impact on the prognosis of GC. Conclusion ZNF331 methylation in PBLs may affect GC risk in combination with the consumption of green vegetables and garlic and may act as a potential biomarker of GC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08199-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Nie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anastasiia Leonteva
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Du
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Alshareef A, Peters AC, Gélébart P, Chen W, Lai R. Gene Methylation and Silencing of WIF1 Is a Frequent Genetic Abnormality in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020893. [PMID: 33477402 PMCID: PMC7830226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the Wnt canonical pathway (WCP) is constitutively active in most cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this biochemical deregulation. We hypothesized that gene methylation/silencing of WIF1 (Wnt inhibitory factor-1), a physiologic inhibitor of WCP, contributes to the deregulation of WCP and promotes cell growth in MCL. In support of this hypothesis, we found that the expression of WIF1 was detectable in none of the 4 MCL cell lines, and in only 2 of 5 tumors (40%) examined. Using methylation-specific PCR, we found evidence of gene methylation of WIF1 in 4 of 5 cell lines (80%) and in 24 of 29 (82%) tumors. The addition of the demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine to Mino and JeKo-1, two WIF1-negative cell lines, restored the expression of WIF1 mRNA in these cells. Gene transfection of WIF1 into JeKo-1 and Mino cells significantly reduced cell growth, and this finding correlated with substantial downregulations of various proteins in WCP, such as β-catenin and pGSK-3β. In conclusion, our results support the concept that gene methylation/silencing of WIF1 is a frequent event in MCL, and this abnormality contributes to the aberrant activation of WCP. These results have provided further evidence that aberrant Wnt signaling is pathogenetically important in MCL and it may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, P.O. Box 41477, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Anthea C. Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Pascal Gélébart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Will Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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9
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Singla A, Wang J, Yang R, Geller DS, Loeb DM, Hoang BH. Wnt Signaling in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:125-139. [PMID: 32767238 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt molecules are a class of cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins that participate in various developmental events during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Since its discovery in 1982, the roles of Wnt signaling have been established in various key regulatory systems in biology. Wnt signals exert pleiotropic effects, including mitogenic stimulation, cell fate specification, and differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway in humans has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of disorders including colon cancer, sarcoma, coronary artery disease, tetra-amelia, Mullerian duct regression, eye vascular defects, and abnormal bone mass. The canonical Wnt pathway functions by regulating the function of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin, whereas noncanonical pathways function independent of β-catenin. Although the role of Wnt signaling is well established in epithelial malignancies, its role in mesenchymal tumors is more controversial. Some studies have suggested that Wnt signaling plays a pro-oncogenic role in various sarcomas by driving cell proliferation and motility; however, others have reported that Wnt signaling acts as a tumor suppressor by committing tumor cells to differentiate into a mature lineage. Wnt signaling pathway also plays an important role in regulating cancer stem cell function. In this review, we will discuss Wnt signaling pathway and its role in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David S Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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10
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Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Muralitharan S, Therachiyil L, Sageena G, Al-Naemi H, Haris M, Bhat AA. Exploring Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:429-445. [PMID: 31939726 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Taherkhani F, Hosseini KM, Zebardast S, Chegini KG, Gheibi N. Anti proliferative and apoptotic effects on pancreatic cancer cell lines indicate new roles for ANGPTL8 (Betatrophin). Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190196. [PMID: 32745158 PMCID: PMC7416753 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances, the treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) still
requires much effort. Unusual regulation of the Wnt and apoptotic signaling
pathways is widespread in cancer incidence. For instance, the
WIF1 (Wnt inhibitory factor 1) gene is down-regulated in
many cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of
recombinant Betatrophin, a recently discovered hormone, on MiaPaca-II and
Panc-1 pancreatic cell lines. Various concentrations of
Betatrophin were added to MiaPaca-II and Panc-1 pancreatic cell
lines during periods of 24 , 48, and 72 h. The MTT assay was applied to
investigate cell proliferation after treatment. The rate of apoptotic cells was
assessed using double-staining flow cytometry, and the expression levels of the
WIF1 gene and Bcl2 protein was observed by real-time PCR
and western blotting, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that
Betatrophin has an anti-proliferative effect on both MiaPaca-II and Panc-1 cell
lines, in line with the up-regulation of WIF1 as a tumor
suppressor gene. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis by ANGPTL8 occurred by the
down-regulation of Bcl2. Thus, Betatrophin can be proposed as a potential
therapeutic drug for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanaz Zebardast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Koorosh Goodarzvand Chegini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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12
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Jalilvand A, Soltanpour MS. Promoter Hypermethylation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway Inhibitor WIF-1 Gene and its Association with MTHFR C677T Polymorphism in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e131. [PMID: 32607254 PMCID: PMC7315525 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with a high rate of mortality. The dysregulation of genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a common finding in cancers. Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its inactivation by genetics and epigenetic changes may cause cancer. We investigated the DNA methylation status of the WIF-1 gene in patients with CRC and its interaction with MTHFR C677T polymorphism, a known modifier of methylation reaction. METHODS We investigated 50 cancerous tissues and the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and was treated by sodium bisulfite. Methylation-specific PCR was used for methylation analysis, and restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR to analyze the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene. RESULTS The frequency of WIF1 promoter DNA methylation was significantly higher in cancerous tissue than adjacent non-cancerous tissue (52.0% vs. 8.0%; p < 0.001). WIF1 promoter DNA methylation status showed a significant association only with tumor location (p = 0.009). Carriers of TT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a significantly higher frequency of unmethylated WIF1 gene than methylated WIF-1 gene in cancerous tissue (p = 0.025 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Promoter DNA hypermethylation of the WIF-1 gene is a significant risk factor for CRC development, which was significantly associated with tumor location only. The significant association of TT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with unmethylated WIF-1 gene suggests a protective role for this common polymorphism against methylation-induced development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jalilvand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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13
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Tang B, Yang Y, Kang M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Bi Y, He S, Shimamoto F. m 6A demethylase ALKBH5 inhibits pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis by decreasing WIF-1 RNA methylation and mediating Wnt signaling. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:3. [PMID: 31906946 PMCID: PMC6943907 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer with extremely poor diagnosis and prognosis, and chemo-resistance remains a major challenge. The dynamic and reversible N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has emerged as a new layer of epigenetic gene regulation. METHODS qRT-PCR and IHC were applied to examine ALKBH5 levels in normal and pancreatic cancer tissues. Cancer cell proliferation and chemo-resistance were evaluated by clonogenic formation, chemosensitivity detection, and Western blotting assays. m6A-seq was performed to identify target genes. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of ALKBH5 in both in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTS Here, we show that m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is downregulated in gemcitabine-treated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model and its overexpression sensitized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells to chemotherapy. Decreased ALKBH5 levels predicts poor clinical outcome in PDAC and multiple other cancers. Furthermore, silencing ALKBH5 remarkably increases PDAC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, whereas its overexpression causes the opposite effects. Global m6A profile revealed altered expression of certain ALKBH5 target genes, including Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1), which is correlated with WIF-1 transactivation and mediation of the Wnt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our work uncovers the tumor suppressive and chemo-sensitizing function for ALKBH5, which provides insight into critical roles of m6A methylation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Bi
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima, 731-3195, Japan
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14
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Li L, Du Z, Gao Y, Tang Y, Fan Y, Sun W, Li T, Liu N, Yuan M, Fan J, Niu L, Yan J, Duan L, Wu X, Luo C. PLCε knockdown overcomes drug resistance to androgen receptor antagonist in castration-resistant prostate cancer by suppressing the wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15472-15486. [PMID: 30684266 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancers (Pcas) develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The expression levels of PLCε and wnt3a are increased in Pca and regulate androgen receptor (AR) activity. However, the biological function and mechanisms of PLCε and wnt3a in CRPC remain unknown. In this study, we found that the expression levels of PLCε, wnt3a, and AR were significantly increased in CRPC tissues as well as bicalutamide-resistant-LNCaP and enzalutamide-resistant-LNCaP cells. In addition, PLCε knockdown partly restored the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to bicalutamide and enzalutamide by inhibiting the activity of the wnt3a/β-catenin/AR signaling axis. Interestingly, the resistance of LNCaP cells docetaxel is related to PLCε but not the wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. We also found that the combination of PLCε knockdown and enzalutamide treatment synergistically suppressed cell proliferation, tumor growth, and bone metastasis using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our study revealed that PLCε is involved in the progression of drug-resistance in CRPC and could be a new target for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi University Clinical Medical College, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Tang
- State key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Biomedical Engineering College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanru Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Ponnusamy L, Mahalingaiah PKS, Singh KP. Epigenetic reprogramming and potential application of epigenetic-modifying drugs in acquired chemotherapeutic resistance. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 94:219-259. [PMID: 31952572 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most common clinical choice of treatment for cancer, however, acquired chemoresistance is a major challenge that limits the successful outcome of this option. Systematic review of in vitro, in vivo, preclinical and clinical studies suggests that acquired chemoresistance is polygenic, progressive, and involve both genetic and epigenetic heterogeneities and perturbations. Various mechanisms that confer resistance to chemotherapy are tightly controlled by epigenetic regulations. Poised epigenetic plasticity and temporal increase in epigenetic alterations upon chemotherapy make chemoresistance likely an epigenetic-driven process. The transient and reversible nature of epigenetic modulations enable ways to intervene the epigenetic re-programing associated with acquired chemoresistance via application of epigenetic modifying drugs. This review discusses recent understandings behind the various mechanisms of acquired chemoresistance that are under the control of epigenetic drivers, potential application of epigenetic-based drugs in resensitizing refractory cancers to chemotherapy, the limitations and future scope for clinical application of epigenetic therapeutics in successfully addressing chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logeswari Ponnusamy
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Prathap Kumar S Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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16
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Kerekes K, Bányai L, Trexler M, Patthy L. Structure, function and disease relevance of Wnt inhibitory factor 1, a secreted protein controlling the Wnt and hedgehog pathways. Growth Factors 2019; 37:29-52. [PMID: 31210071 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1626380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wnts and Hedgehogs (Hh) are large, lipid-modified extracellular morphogens that play key roles in embryonic development and stem cell proliferation of Metazoa. Both morphogens signal through heptahelical Frizzled-type receptors of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor family and there are several other similarities that suggest a common evolutionary origin of the Hh and Wnt pathways. There is evidence that the secreted protein, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) modulates the activity of both Wnts and Hhs and may thus contribute to the intertwining of these pathways. In this article, we review the structure, evolution, molecular interactions and functions of WIF1 with major emphasis on its role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kerekes
- a Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Bányai
- a Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Mária Trexler
- a Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Patthy
- a Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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17
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Rahmani B, Hamedi Asl D, Naserpour Farivar T, Azad M, Sahmani M, Gheibi N. Omega-3 PUFA Alters the Expression Level but Not the Methylation Pattern of the WIF1 Gene Promoter in a Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line (MIA PaCa-2). Biochem Genet 2019; 57:477-486. [PMID: 30649640 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in both males and females, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 8%. The Wnt signaling pathway has a significant role in the pathogenesis of many tumors, including those of pancreatic cancer. Hypermethylation of the Wnt inhibitory Factor-1 (WIF1) gene promoter have been detected in different types of cancer. In contrast, the anticancer effects of long-chain omega-3 PUFA (ALA) have been reported. Regarding its anticancer effects, in this study, we investigated the effects of various concentrations of omega-3 PUFA on expression level and promoter methylation of the WIF1 gene in MIA PaCa-2 cells in 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of omega-3 PUFA (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μM). Cell viability assay was carried out followed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). This investigation suggested that dietary consumption of omega-3 PUFAs (250-1000 μM) has a significant effect on the proliferation and WIF1 gene expression of the MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell line but no effect on the promoter methylation of this gene. Changes in promoter methylation were not observed in any of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rahmani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dariush Hamedi Asl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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18
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Galluzzi L, Spranger S, Fuchs E, López-Soto A. WNT Signaling in Cancer Immunosurveillance. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:44-65. [PMID: 30220580 PMCID: PMC7001864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated WNT signaling has been shown to favor malignant transformation, tumor progression, and resistance to conventional cancer therapy in a variety of preclinical and clinical settings. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant WNT signaling may also subvert cancer immunosurveillance, hence promoting immunoevasion and resistance to multiple immunotherapeutics, including immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which WNT signaling influences cancer immunosurveillance and present potential therapeutic avenues to harness currently available WNT modulators for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Stefani Spranger
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo. Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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19
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Pashirzad M, Shafiee M, Khazaei M, Fiuji H, Ryzhikov M, Soleimanpour S, Hesari A, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of Wnt signaling antagonists in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, current status and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1237-1247. [PMID: 30191954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in males. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disease by regulating angiogenesis, drug resistance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Suppression of Wnt canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways via Wnt biological or pharmacological antagonists is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for patients with prostate cancer. This review summarizes the role of Wnt signaling inhibitors in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payam-e-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AmirReza Hesari
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Thomas RM, Gharaibeh RZ, Gauthier J, Beveridge M, Pope JL, Guijarro MV, Yu Q, He Z, Ohland C, Newsome R, Trevino J, Hughes SJ, Reinhard M, Winglee K, Fodor AA, Zajac-Kaye M, Jobin C. Intestinal microbiota enhances pancreatic carcinogenesis in preclinical models. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1068-1078. [PMID: 29846515 PMCID: PMC6067127 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States yet data are scant regarding host factors influencing pancreatic carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence support the role of the host microbiota in carcinogenesis but its role in PDAC is not well established. Herein, we report that antibiotic-mediated microbial depletion of KrasG12D/PTENlox/+ mice showed a decreased proportion of poorly differentiated tumors compared to microbiota-intact KrasG12D/PTENlox/+ mice. Subsequent 16S rRNA PCR showed that ~50% of KrasG12D/PTENlox/+ mice with PDAC harbored intrapancreatic bacteria. To determine if a similar observation in humans correlates with presence of PDAC, benign and malignant human pancreatic surgical specimens demonstrated a microbiota by 16S bacterial sequencing and culture confirmation. However, the microbial composition did not differentiate PDAC from non-PDAC tissue. Furthermore, murine pancreas did not naturally acquire a pancreatic microbiota, as germ-free mice transferred to specific pathogen-free housing failed to acquire intrapancreatic bacteria over time, which was not augmented by a murine model of colitis. Finally, antibiotic-mediated microbial depletion of Nod-SCID mice, compared to microbiota-intact, showed increased time to PDAC xenograft formation, smaller tumors, and attenuated growth. Interestingly, both xenograft cohorts were devoid of intratumoral bacteria by 16S rRNA PCR, suggesting that intrapancreatic/intratumoral microbiota is not the sole driver of PDAC acceleration. Xenografts from microbiota-intact mice demonstrated innate immune suppression by immunohistochemistry and differential regulation of oncogenic pathways as determined by RNA sequencing. Our work supports a long-distance role of the intestinal microbiota on PDAC progression and opens new research avenues regarding pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Thomas
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Josee Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Beveridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jillian L Pope
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria V Guijarro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina Ohland
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Newsome
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary Reinhard
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn Winglee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte College of Computing and Informatics, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte College of Computing and Informatics, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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21
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Uchuya-Castillo J, Aznar N, Frau C, Martinez P, Le Nevé C, Marisa L, Penalva LOF, Laurent-Puig P, Puisieux A, Scoazec JY, Samarut J, Ansieau S, Plateroti M. Increased expression of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 characterizes intestinal tumors with high Wnt activity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30979-30996. [PMID: 30123421 PMCID: PMC6089551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated a key function of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, a T3-modulated transcription factor, in controlling intestinal development and homeostasis via the Wnt and Notch pathways. Importantly, increased expression of TRα1 in the intestinal epithelium in a mutated Apc genetic background (vil-TRα1/Apc+/1638N mice) accelerated tumorigenesis and contributed to a more aggressive tumor phenotype compared to that of the Apc mutants alone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relevance of this synergistic effect in human colorectal cancers and to gain insights into the mechanisms involved. We analyzed cohorts of patients by in silico and experimental approaches and observed increased TRα1 expression and a significant correlation between TRα1 levels and Wnt activity. TRα1 loss-of-function and gain-of-function in Caco2 cell lines not only confirmed that TRα1 levels control Wnt activity but also demonstrated the role of TRα1 in regulating cell proliferation and migration. Finally, upon investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the Wnt-TRα1 association, we described the repression by TRα1 of several Wnt inhibitors, including Frzb, Sox17 and Wif1. In conclusion, our results underline an important functional interplay between the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 and the canonical Wnt pathway in intestinal cancer initiation and progression. More importantly, we show for the first time that the expression of TRα1 is induced in human colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Uchuya-Castillo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Clementine Le Nevé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75000, France
| | - Luiz O F Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | | | - Jacques Samarut
- Institute de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Stephane Ansieau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
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22
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Zhu H, Yao X, Wu L, Li C, Bai J, Gao H, Ji H, Zhang Y. Association of TGF-β1 and WIF1 Expression with 36 Paired Primary/Recurrent Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A High-Throughput Tissue Microarrays Immunohistochemical Study. World Neurosurg 2018; 119:e23-e31. [PMID: 29966778 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken primarily to research transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) for the prediction of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPAs) invasion and recurrence of tumor samples and the relations between quantitatively determined markers and clinical characters. METHODS We studied 104 patients, including 59 patients without recurrence and 45 patients with recurrence (9 patients with one surgery and 36 patients operated twice, both tumors being studied). All tissues were immunostained for TGF-β1 and WIF1 using tissue microarrays and confirmed with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS We found that invasion, TGF-β1, and WIF1 were significantly associated with recurrence and that age was associated with low expression of TGF-β1 and WIF1 (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of the 2 proteins between the noninvasive and the invasive groups. The expression of TGF-β1 and WIF1 in primary tumors in the recurrence group was lower than in the nonrecurrence group (P < 0.001). In the 36 paired primary or recurrent tumors, the expression of TGF-β1 and WIF1 in recurrent tumors was higher than the expression of primary tumors, which was confirmed with qRT-PCR and Western blot. Therefore, TGF-β1 and WIF1 seem to be related to recurrence or progression of pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSIONS The expression of TGF-β1 and WIF1 in NFPAs correlated with cell proliferation and recurrence potential. They may be good markers of progressive behavior in NFPAs; however, the biologic mechanism needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Neurosurgical Department, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongming Ji
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Uribe D, Cardona A, Esposti DD, Cros MP, Cuenin C, Herceg Z, Camargo M, Cortés-Mancera FM. Antiproliferative Effects of Epigenetic Modifier Drugs Through E-cadherin Up-regulation in Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:444-460. [PMID: 29735783 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Epigenetic alterations play an essential role in cancer onset and progression, thus studies of drugs targeting the epigenetic machinery are a principal concern for cancer treatment. Here, we evaluated the potential of the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5aza-dC) and the pan-deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), at low cytotoxic concentrations, to modulate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in liver cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pyrosequencing was used for DNA methylation analyses of LINE-1 sequences and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist DKK3, SFRP1, WIF1 and CDH1. qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of the antagonist. Pathway regulation were evaluated looking at the expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin by confocal microscopy and the antitumoral effects of the drugs was studied by wound healing and clonogenic assays. RESULTS Our result suggest that 5aza-dC and TSA treatments were enough to induce a significant expression of the pathway antagonists, decrease of β-catenin protein levels, re-localization of the protein to the plasma membrane, and pathway transcriptional activity reduction. These important effects exerted an antitumoral outcome shown by the reduction of the migration and clonogenic capabilities of the cells. CONCLUSION We were able to demonstrate Wnt/ β-catenin pathway modulation through E-cadherin up-regulation induced by 5aza-dC and TSA treatments, under an activation-pathway background, like CTNNB1 and TP53 mutations. These findings provide evidences of the potential effect of epigenetic modifier drugs for liver cancer treatment. However, further research needs to be conducted, to determine the in vivo potential of this treatment regimen for the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica - GI2B, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, ITM. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andres Cardona
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica - GI2B, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, ITM. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Davide Degli Esposti
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Mauricio Camargo
- Grupo Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer - GRC, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, SIU Lab 432, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fabian M Cortés-Mancera
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica - GI2B, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, ITM. Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the changes in the promoter methylation and gene expression of multiple Wnt antagonists between the chronic infection and eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The levels of methylation and corresponding mRNA expression of seven Wnt antagonist genes (SFRP1, -2, -5, DKK1, -2, -3, WIF1) were compared among the patients with H. pylori-positive gastric cancers (GCs), and H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative controls, by quantitative MethyLight assay and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The changes of the methylation and expression levels of the genes were also compared between the H. pylori eradication and H. pylori-persistent groups 1 year after endoscopic resection of GCs. RESULTS The methylation levels of SFRP and DKK family genes were significantly increased in the patients with H. pylori-positive GCs and followed by H. pylori-positive controls compared with H. pylori-negative controls (P < 0.001). SFRP1, -2, and DKK3 gene expression was stepwise downregulated from H. pylori-negative controls, H. pylori-positive controls, and to H. pylori-positive GCs (P < 0.05). Among the Wnt antagonists, only the degrees of methylation and downregulation of DKK3 were significantly reduced after H. pylori eradication (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Epigenetic silencing of SFRP and DKK family genes may facilitate the formation of an epigenetic field during H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. The epigenetic field may not be reversed even after H. pylori eradication except by DKK3 methylation.
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25
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Yu F, Zhou C, Zeng H, Liu Y, Li S. BMI1 activates WNT signaling in colon cancer by negatively regulating the WNT antagonist IDAX. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:468-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Vincan E, Schwab RHM, Flanagan DJ, Moselen JM, Tran BM, Barker N, Phesse TJ. The Central Role of Wnt Signaling and Organoid Technology in Personalizing Anticancer Therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 153:299-319. [PMID: 29389521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is at the heart of organoid technology, which is set to revolutionize the cancer field. We can now predetermine a patient's response to any given anticancer therapy by exposing tumor organoids established from the patient's own tumor. This cutting-edge biomedical platform translates to patients being treated with the correct drug at the correct dose from the outset, a truly personalized and precise medical approach. A high throughput drug screen on organoids also allows drugs to be tested in limitless combinations. More recently, the tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy given to a patient were selected in culture using the patient's organoids. The resistant tumor organoids were then screened empirically to identify drugs that will kill the resistant cells. This information allows diagnosis in real-time to either prevent tumor recurrence or effectively treat the recurring tumor. Furthermore, the ability to culture stem cell-derived epithelium as organoids has enabled us to begin to understand how a stem cell becomes a cancer cell or to pin-point the genetic alteration that underlies a given genetic syndrome. Here we summarize these advances and the central role of Wnt signaling, and identify the next challenges for organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vincan
- Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Renate H M Schwab
- Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dustin J Flanagan
- Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean M Moselen
- Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang M Tran
- Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore
| | - Toby J Phesse
- Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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27
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Wang X, Yang Y, Huycke MM. Commensal-infected macrophages induce dedifferentiation and reprogramming of epithelial cells during colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102176-102190. [PMID: 29254234 PMCID: PMC5731944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonic microbiome contributes to the initiation of colorectal cancer through poorly characterized mechanisms. We have shown that commensal-polarized macrophages induce gene mutation, chromosomal instability, and endogenous transformation through microbiome-induced bystander effects (MIBE). In this study we show that MIBE activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and pluripotent transcription factors associated with dedifferentiation, reprogramming, and the development of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs). Exposure of murine primary colon epithelial cells (YAMC) to Enterococcus faecalis-infected macrophages increased Wnt3α expression while suppressing Wnt inhibitor factor 1 (Wif1). Wnt/β-catenin activation was confirmed by increased active β-catenin and Tcf4. in vivo, active β-catenin was evident in colon biopsies from E. faecalis-colonized Il10 knockout mice compared to sham-colonized mice. This effect was mediated, in part, by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and tumor necrosis factor α. MIBE also activated pluripotent transcription factors c-Myc, Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2 in YAMC cells and colons from E. faecalis-colonized Il10 knockout mice. These transcription factors are associated with cellular reprogramming, dedifferentiation, and induction of colorectal CSC progenitors. In support of this was an increase in the expression of Dclk1 and CD44, two colorectal CSC markers, in YAMC cells that were exposed to MIBE. Finally, compared to normal colon biopsies and hyperplastic polyps, DCLK1 expression increased in human tubular adenomas and invasive colorectal cancers. Blocking β-catenin/TCF4 signaling using FH535 and CTNNB1-specific small interfering RNA decreased DCLK1 expression in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. These findings provide mechanism for microbiome-induced colorectal cancer and identify new potential targets for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,The Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Gansu Province Children's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Mark M Huycke
- The Muchmore Laboratories for Infectious Diseases Research, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
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28
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Deng X, Hou C, Wang H, Liang T, Zhu L. Hypermethylation of WIF1 and its inhibitory role in the tumor growth of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7497-7503. [PMID: 28944908 PMCID: PMC5865881 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and is the fourth most common malignancy among women worldwide. Endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) accounts for ~80% of endometrial carcinoma cases. Numerous critical genetic events have been determined to serve an essential role in EAC progression; however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying EAC progression remain unclear. Pyrosequencing and methylation-specific PCR were used to detect the methylation status of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1). Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of WIF1, Wnt family member 1 and other related pathways. The anticancer role of WIF1 in EAC was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Two of the three EAC cases exhibited significantly high methylation in five CpG sites, and the WIF1 methylation rate in EAC and endometrial tissues was 43.4 and 8%, respectively (P<0.05). The kappa consistency coefficient was −0.369 between methylation and mRNA expression (P<0.05) and WIF1 expression levels were significantly downregulated in EAC tissues compared with non-tumorous tissues (P<0.01). The 5-year overall survival rates were significantly lower for patients with tumors that negatively expressed WIF1 when compared with the 77.9% exhibited by those with positive WIF1 expression. Furthermore, the proliferation rate of KLE cells was significantly reduced following 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine treatment or WIF1 overexpression in vitro and in vivo, which may be associated with downregulated c-Myc and phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. These results demonstrated the important role of WIF1 in EAC tumorigenesis, and suggested that WIF1 may be a potential drug target in EAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Congzhe Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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29
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Asslaber M, Schauer S, Gogg-Kamerer M, Bernhart E, Quehenberger F, Haybaeck J. Native Oligodendrocytes in Astrocytomas Might Inhibit Tumor Proliferation by WIF1 Expression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:16-26. [PMID: 28040794 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant astrocytoma remains incurable and rapidly fatal despite multimodal therapy. In particular, accelerated tumor cell heterogeneity often overcomes therapeutic effects of molecular protein targeting. This study aimed at identifying a gene with therapeutic potential that was consistently downregulated with astrocytoma progression. Analysis of the "Rembrandt" gene expression data revealed Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) gene as the most promising candidate with tumor suppressor function. Consequently, 288 randomly selected tissue regions of astrocytoma specimens were investigated immunohistochemically with the aid of image analysis. This in situ approach identified tumor areas with numerous single cells strongly expressing Wif-1. In diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, the proliferation index was independent of the generally weak Wif-1 expression in tumor cells but was significantly correlated with the density of Wif-1-expressing single cells, subsequently characterized as native and non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Because these cells may contribute to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by paracrine signaling, the endogenous protein Wif-1 may represent a promising therapeutic agent with expected minimal side effects. Moreover, we suggest that immunohistochemistry for Wif might be useful for discriminating between astrocytic tumors and reactive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Asslaber
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Gogg-Kamerer
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Quehenberger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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30
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Zhu D, Yang Z, Liu Z, Zou Q, Yuan Y, Hu C. Association between Wnt inhibitory factor 1 and receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 protein expression and the clinical pathological significance in benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2244-2252. [PMID: 28454387 PMCID: PMC5403277 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant types of tumor. It is important to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of pancreatic tumorigenesis and to identify novel biomarkers as therapeutic targets of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, the protein expression levels of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) were examined in a collection of pancreatic ductal carcinoma and benign pancreatic lesion tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. The positive expression rate of WIF1 protein in pancreatic ductal carcinoma was demonstrated to be significantly decreased compared with that of the paracancerous tissue, benign lesions and wild-type pancreatic tissue (P=0.002, P<0.0001, P=0.001, respectively). The positive expression rate of ROR2 protein in pancreatic ductal carcinoma was demonstrated to be significantly increased compared with that of the paracancerous tissue, benign lesions and wild-type pancreatic tissue (P<0.0001). There was a negative association between WIF1 and ROR2 expression in the pancreatic ductal carcinoma samples (P=0.004). The survival period of patients with negative WIF1 and positive ROR2 protein expression was demonstrated to be significantly decreased compared with that of patients with positive WIF1 and negative ROR2 protein expression (P<0.0001). The expression levels of WIF1 and ROR2 protein reflected the incidence, development, clinical and biological behavior, and prognosis of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Patients with negative WIF1 and positive ROR2 protein expression had poor prognosis. The results indicate that WIF1 and ROR2 are important biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqi Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, No. 163 Central Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changsha, Hunan 410003, P.R. China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ziru Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Lin B, Hong H, Jiang X, Li C, Zhu S, Tang N, Wang X, She F, Chen Y. WNT inhibitory factor 1 promoter hypermethylation is an early event during gallbladder cancer tumorigenesis that predicts poor survival. Gene 2017; 622:42-49. [PMID: 28438695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor in the human biliary tract, but the lack of a marker for timely diagnosis leads to an extremely poor prognosis. In this study, we assessed CpG sites in the WIF-1 promoter using bisulfite sequencing PCR and methylation-specific PCR to detect methylation in gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis tissues. WIF-1 promoter methylation was present in 36 of 50 (72.0%) gallbladder cancers but only 5 of 20 (25.0%) cholecystitis tissues (P=0.000<0.05), suggesting that WIF-1 promoter methylation might participate in the malignant transformation of cholecystitis into gallbladder cancer. WIF-1 methylation was negatively correlated with WIF-1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, demonstrating that WIF-1 expression is downregulated by promoter hypermethylation. We analyzed the prognosis of 50 GBC patients with 5years of follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with hypermethylated WIF-1 exhibited worse overall survival than those with hypomethylated WIF-1 (χ2=8.137, P=0.004<0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that WIF-1 methylation was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year overall survival (P=0.011). Therefore, WIF-1 methylation is a candidate as a marker for early gallbladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - HaiJie Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - XiaoJie Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - ChengZong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - SiYuan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - NanHong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China
| | - XiaoQian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China
| | - FeiFei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - YanLing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China.
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32
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Da C, Wu L, Liu Y, Wang R, Li R. Effects of irradiation on radioresistance, HOTAIR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition/cancer stem cell marker expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2751-2757. [PMID: 28454462 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common therapeutic strategy used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, tumor cells often develop radioresistance, thereby reducing treatment efficacy. Here, we aimed to identify the mechanisms through which ESCC cells develop radioresistance and identify associated biomarkers. Eca109 cells were exposed to repeated radiation at 2 Gy/fraction for a total dose of 60 Gy (Eca109R60/2Gy cells). MTT and colony formation assays were performed to measure cell proliferation and compare the radiation biology parameters of Eca109 and Eca109R60/2Gy cells. Cell cycle distributions and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were employed to analyze the expression of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), in addition to biomarkers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Eca109R60/2Gy cells exhibited increased cell proliferation and clone formation, with significantly higher radiobiological parameters compared with the parental Eca109 cells. The Eca109R60/2Gy cells also exhibited significantly decreased accumulation in G2 phase and increased accumulation in S phase. Additionally, the apoptosis rate was significantly lower in Eca109R60/2Gy cells than in parental Eca109 cells. Finally, HOTAIR expression levels and SNAI1 and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher, whereas E-cadherin levels were significantly lower in Eca109R60/2Gy cells than in Eca109 cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that radioresistance was affected by the expression of HOTAIR and biomarkers of the EMT and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Da
- Radiotherapy Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wu
- Radiotherapy Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Ruozheng Wang
- Radiotherapy Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Ruiguang Li
- Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
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Sinha S. A pedagogical walkthrough of computational modeling and simulation of Wnt signaling pathway using static causal models in MATLAB. EURASIP JOURNAL ON BIOINFORMATICS & SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 2017:1. [PMID: 27547217 PMCID: PMC4977324 DOI: 10.1186/s13637-016-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simulation study in systems biology involving computational experiments dealing with Wnt signaling pathways abound in literature but often lack a pedagogical perspective that might ease the understanding of beginner students and researchers in transition, who intend to work on the modeling of the pathway. This paucity might happen due to restrictive business policies which enforce an unwanted embargo on the sharing of important scientific knowledge. A tutorial introduction to computational modeling of Wnt signaling pathway in a human colorectal cancer dataset using static Bayesian network models is provided. The walkthrough might aid biologists/informaticians in understanding the design of computational experiments that is interleaved with exposition of the Matlab code and causal models from Bayesian network toolbox. The manuscript elucidates the coding contents of the advance article by Sinha (Integr. Biol. 6:1034-1048, 2014) and takes the reader in a step-by-step process of how (a) the collection and the transformation of the available biological information from literature is done, (b) the integration of the heterogeneous data and prior biological knowledge in the network is achieved, (c) the simulation study is designed, (d) the hypothesis regarding a biological phenomena is transformed into computational framework, and (e) results and inferences drawn using d-connectivity/separability are reported. The manuscript finally ends with a programming assignment to help the readers get hands-on experience of a perturbation project. Description of Matlab files is made available under GNU GPL v3 license at the Google code project on https://code.google.com/p/static-bn-for-wnt-signaling-pathway and https: //sites.google.com/site/shriprakashsinha/shriprakashsinha/projects/static-bn-for-wnt-signaling-pathway. Latest updates can be found in the latter website.
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Afgar A, Fard-Esfahani P, Mehrtash A, Azadmanesh K, Khodarahmi F, Ghadir M, Teimoori-Toolabi L. MiR-339 and especially miR-766 reactivate the expression of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer cell lines through DNA methyltransferase 3B gene inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1126-1138. [PMID: 27668319 PMCID: PMC5137492 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1235657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is observed that upregulation of DNMT3B enzyme in some cancers, including colon cancer, could lead to silencing of tumor suppressor genes. MiR-339 and miR-766 have been predicted to target 3'UTR of DNMT3B gene. Luciferase reporter assay validated that individual and co-transfection of miR-766 and miR-339 into the HEK293T cell reduced luciferase activity to 26% ± 0.41%, 43% ± 0.42 and 64% ± 0.52%, respectively, compared to the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, transduction of miR-339 and miR-766 expressing viruses into colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and HCT116) decreased DNMT3B expression (1.5, 3-fold) and (3, 4-fold), respectively. In addition, DNA methylation of some tumor suppressor genes decreased. Expression of these genes such as SFRP1 (2 and 1.6-fold), SFRP2 (0.07 and 4-fold), WIF1 (0.05 and 4-fold), and DKK2 (2 and 4-fold) increased in SW-339 and SW-766 cell lines; besides, expression increments for these genes in HCT-339 and HCT-766 cell lines were (2.8, 4-fold), (0.005, 1.5-fold), (1.7 and 3-fold) and (0.04, 1.7-fold), respectively. Also, while in SW-766, cell proliferation reduced to 2.8% and 21.7% after 24 and 48 hours, respectively, SW-339 showed no reduced proliferation. Meanwhile, HCT-766 and HCT-339 showed (3.5%, 12.8%) and (18.8%, 33.9%) reduced proliferation after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Finally, targeting DNMT3B by these miRs, decreased methylation of tumor suppressor genes such as SFRP1, SFRP2, WIF1 and DKK2 in the mentioned cell lines, and returned the expression of these tumor suppressor genes which can contribute to lethal effect on colon cancer cells and reducing tumorigenicity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afgar
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Farnaz Khodarahmi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Ghadir
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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β-Catenin Expression Negatively Correlates with WIF1 and Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cervical Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4923903. [PMID: 27843945 PMCID: PMC5098059 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4923903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway plays a significant role in cervical cancer (CC). However, limited data show the correlation between the cancer clinicopathological characteristics and the key molecules such as β-catenin and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1). In this study, β-catenin and WIF1 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for 196 patients with CC, 39 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 41 with normal cervical epithelium (NCE). Significant overexpression of β-catenin was detected in CC (67.9%) when compared to CIN (43.6%) or NCE (34.1%), p < 0.01, while low WIF1 expression was detected in CC (24.0%) when compared to CIN (59.0%) or NCE (58.5%), p < 0.001. Negative correlation was shown between β-catenin and WIF1 expression (r = −0.637, p < 0.001). In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that both lymph node metastasis and β-catenin expression were the independent prognostic factors not only for disease-free survival (HR = 5.029, p < 0.001; HR = 2.588, p = 0.035, resp.), but also for overall survival (HR = 5.058, p < 0.001; HR = 2.873, p = 0.031, resp.). Our findings indicate that, besides lymph node metastasis, β-catenin expression may also be a poor prognostic factor for CC while WIF1 could be a potential drug target for treatment of advanced CC.
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Huang Y, Du Q, Wu W, She F, Chen Y. Rescued expression of WIF-1 in gallbladder cancer inhibits tumor growth and induces tumor cell apoptosis with altered expression of proteins. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2573-81. [PMID: 27430608 PMCID: PMC4991677 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly conserved metabolic pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and several other processes. In normal cells, this pathway is suppressed, and abnormal activation is often associated with tumor occurrence and development. In certain types of tumor, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1), an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, inhibits tumor growth. However, the effect of the expression of WIF-1 on gallbladder cancer remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were conducted. The present study demonstrated that, in gallbladder cancer, WIF-1 generally exhibited low levels of expression as a result of gene promoter methylation. Treatment with the drug, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, increased the expression of WIF-1 in the GBC-SD gallbladder cell line. In addition, a WIF-1-expression plasmid was transfected into GBC-SD cells, and it was found that cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis declined significantly, whereas the apoptotic rate increased. A nude mouse tumor transplantation experiment showed that the oncogenicity of the GBC-SD cells expressing WIF-1 was substantially lower, compared with that of the untransfected GBC-SD cells and of GBD-SD cells expressing the control plasmid. A fluorescent protein chip experiment showed that the restored expression of WIF-1 affected the expression of several cellular proteins. These alterations may explain the different biological behavior of the tumor cells expressing WIF-1. As an effective inhibitory factor of the Wnt signaling pathway, WIF-1 modulated the expression of proteins controlling the proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of gallbladder tumor cells, thus suppressing the tumor. Therefore, WIF-1 may be an effective treatment target for gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Weibao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Feifei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Galamb O, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Ribli D, Krenács T, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Barták BK, Tóth K, Valcz G, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Aberrant DNA methylation of WNT pathway genes in the development and progression of CIMP-negative colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:588-602. [PMID: 27245242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, which involves a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes. We aimed to analyze DNA methylation affecting the WNT pathway genes in colorectal carcinogenesis in promoter and gene body regions using whole methylome analysis in 9 colorectal cancer, 15 adenoma, and 6 normal tumor adjacent tissue (NAT) samples by methyl capture sequencing. Functional methylation was confirmed on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated colorectal cancer cell line datasets. In parallel with the DNA methylation analysis, mutations of WNT pathway genes (APC, β-catenin/CTNNB1) were analyzed by 454 sequencing on GS Junior platform. Most differentially methylated CpG sites were localized in gene body regions (95% of WNT pathway genes). In the promoter regions, 33 of the 160 analyzed WNT pathway genes were differentially methylated in colorectal cancer vs. normal, including hypermethylated AXIN2, CHP1, PRICKLE1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and hypomethylated CACYBP, CTNNB1, MYC; 44 genes in adenoma vs. NAT; and 41 genes in colorectal cancer vs. adenoma comparisons. Hypermethylation of AXIN2, DKK1, VANGL1, and WNT5A gene promoters was higher, while those of SOX17, PRICKLE1, DAAM2, and MYC was lower in colon carcinoma compared to adenoma. Inverse correlation between expression and methylation was confirmed in 23 genes, including APC, CHP1, PRICKLE1, PSEN1, and SFRP1. Differential methylation affected both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway genes in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation appears already in adenomas as an early event of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dezső Ribli
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- d 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,e Tumor Progression Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.,b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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Hashimoto Y, Zumwalt TJ, Goel A. DNA methylation patterns as noninvasive biomarkers and targets of epigenetic therapies in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2016; 8:685-703. [PMID: 27102979 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently detected in gastrointestinal tumors, and can therefore potentially be used to screen, diagnose, prognosticate, and predict colorectal cancers (CRCs). Although colonoscopic screening remains the gold standard for CRC screening, this procedure is invasive, expensive, and suffers from poor patient compliance. Methylated DNA is an attractive choice for a biomarker substrate because CRCs harbor hundreds of aberrantly methylated genes. Furthermore, abundance in extracellular environments and resistance to degradation and enrichment in serum, stool, and other noninvasive bodily fluids, allows quantitative measurements of methylated DNA biomarkers. This article describes the most important studies that investigated the efficacy of serum- or stool-derived methylated DNA as population-based screening biomarkers in CRC, details several mechanisms and factors that control DNA methylation, describes a better use of prevailing technologies that discover novel DNA methylation biomarkers, and illustrates the diversity of demethylating agents and their applicability toward clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hashimoto
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Zumwalt
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Deng Q, Shan N, Peng W, Luo X, Zhang H, Baker PN, Tong C, Qi H. Inhibition of Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 Under Hypoxic Condition in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Promoted Angiogenesis in Vitro. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1348-58. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116638174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and family planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Philip N. Baker
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
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Wei C, Peng B, Han Y, Chen WV, Rother J, Tomlinson GE, Boland CR, Chaussabel D, Chaussabel M, Frazier ML, Amos CI. Mutations of HNRNPA0 and WIF1 predispose members of a large family to multiple cancers. Fam Cancer 2016; 14:297-306. [PMID: 25716654 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied a large family that presented a strong familial susceptibility to multiple early onset cancers including prostate, breast, colon, and several other uncommon cancers. Through targeted gene, linkage, and whole genome sequencing analyses, we show that the presence of a variant in the regulatory region of HNRNPA0 associated with elevated cancer incidence in this family (Hazard ratio = 7.20, p = 0.0004). Whole genome sequencing identified a second rare protein changing mutation of WIF1 that interacted with the HNRNPA0 variant resulting in extremely high risk for cancer in carriers of mutations in both genes (p = 1.98 × 10(-13)). Analysis of downstream targets of the mutations in these two genes showed that the HNRNPA0 mutation affected expression patterns in the PI3 kinase and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, while the WIF1 variant influenced expression of genes that play a role in NAD biosynthesis. This is a first report of variation in HNRNPA0 influencing common cancers or of a striking interaction between rare variants coexisting in an extended pedigree and jointly affecting cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjuan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an ever-expanding role in stem cell self-renewal, tumorigenesis and cancer chemoresistance. Genes Dis 2016; 3:11-40. [PMID: 27077077 PMCID: PMC4827448 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, calcium homeostasis, and cell polarity. The role of Wnt signaling in controlling cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal is primarily carried out through the canonical pathway, which is the best-characterized the multiple Wnt signaling branches. The past 10 years has seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of this pathway, as many new components of Wnt signaling have been identified and linked to signaling regulation, stem cell functions, and adult tissue homeostasis. Additionally, a substantial body of evidence links Wnt signaling to tumorigenesis of cancer types and implicates it in the development of cancer drug resistance. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dysregulation of Wnt signaling precedes the development and progression of human cancer may hasten the development of pathway inhibitors to augment current therapy. This review summarizes and synthesizes our current knowledge of the canonical Wnt pathway in development and disease. We begin with an overview of the components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and delve into the role this pathway has been shown to play in stemness, tumorigenesis, and cancer drug resistance. Ultimately, we hope to present an organized collection of evidence implicating Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to facilitate the pursuit of Wnt pathway modulators that may improve outcomes of cancers in which Wnt signaling contributes to aggressive disease and/or treatment resistance.
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Zheng S, Chen H, Zhao X, Gao W, Bi Z, You K, Wang Y, Li W, Li L, Liu Y, Chen R. The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR affects the radiosensitivity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by regulating the expression of Wnt inhibitory factor 1. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3957-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Sahin IH, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, O'Reilly EM. Molecular signature of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an insight from genotype to phenotype and challenges for targeted therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:341-59. [PMID: 26439702 PMCID: PMC4985526 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1094057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains one of the most clinically challenging cancers despite an in-depth characterization of the molecular underpinnings and biology of this disease. Recent whole-genome-wide studies have elucidated the diverse and complex genetic alterations which generate a unique oncogenic signature for an individual pancreatic cancer patient and which may explain diverse disease behavior in a clinical setting. AREAS COVERED In this review article, we discuss the key oncogenic pathways of pancreatic cancer including RAS-MAPK, PI3KCA and TGF-β signaling, as well as the impact of these pathways on the disease behavior and their potential targetability. The role of tumor suppressors particularly BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and their role in pancreatic cancer treatment are elaborated upon. We further review recent genomic studies and their impact on future pancreatic cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Targeted therapies inhibiting pro-survival pathways have limited impact on pancreatic cancer outcomes. Activation of pro-apoptotic pathways along with suppression of cancer-stem-related pathways may reverse treatment resistance in pancreatic cancer. While targeted therapy or a 'precision medicine' approach in pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains an elusive challenge for the majority of patients, there is a real sense of optimism that the strides made in understanding the molecular underpinnings of this disease will translate into improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Sahin
- a 1 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center , NY, USA
| | | | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- b 2 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , NY, USA
- c 3 Weill Medical College of Cornell University, David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research , 300 East 66th street, office 1021, NY 10065, USA ;
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Tai D, Wells K, Arcaroli J, Vanderbilt C, Aisner DL, Messersmith WA, Lieu CH. Targeting the WNT Signaling Pathway in Cancer Therapeutics. Oncologist 2015; 20:1189-98. [PMID: 26306903 PMCID: PMC4591954 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling cascade is integral in numerous biological processes including embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. Hyperactivation of WNT signaling secondary to alterations to varying nodes of the pathway have been identified in multiple tumor types. These alterations converge into increased tumorigenicity, sustained proliferation, and enhanced metastatic potential. This review seeks to evaluate the evidence supporting the WNT pathway in cancer, the therapeutic strategies in modulating this pathway, and potential challenges in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith Wells
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Chad Vanderbilt
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dara L Aisner
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher H Lieu
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Zhou S, Chen L, Mashrah M, Zhu Y, He Z, Hu Y, Xiang T, Yao Z, Guo F, Zhang C. Expression and promoter methylation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 in the development of oral submucous fibrosis. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2636-42. [PMID: 26352791 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of head and neck malignancy with a high mortality rate. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is the pre-cancerous lesion of OSCC, whose molecular mechanisms in OSCC tumorigenesis remain largely unclear. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in oral mucous carcinogenesis, although rare mutations of Wnt signaling molecules are found in OSCC, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism mediating aberrant Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in OSCC. Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) is an Wnt antagonist, and its downregulation and methylation have been reported in a number of malignancies. However, the expression and methylation of WIF1 in the development of OSF have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the WIF1 expression level by immuno-histochemical staining and semi‑quantitative RT-PCR in normal oral, OSF and OSCC tissues, as well as the methylation status by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing. The results showed that WIF1 was readily expressed in normal oral mucous tissues, but decreased gradually in OSF early, moderately advanced and advanced tissues, and was less expressed in OSCC tissues. Moreover, WIF1 was able to translocate from the nuclear to cytoplasm in OSF and OSCC tissues. Furthermore, WIF1 was frequently methylated in OSCC cases with betel quid chewing habit, but not in normal oral mucous and different stages of OSF tissues, suggesting WIF1 methylation is tumor-specific in the development of OSF. Thus, the results demonstrated that WIF1 is frequently downregulated or silenced by promoter methylation in the carcinogenesis of OSF, which serves as a potential epigenetic biomarker for the early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghui Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mubarak Mashrah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhijing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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46
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Novellasdemunt L, Antas P, Li VSW. Targeting Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. A Review in the Theme: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C511-21. [PMID: 26289750 PMCID: PMC4609654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00117.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays essential roles during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Notably, comprehensive genetic studies in Drosophila and mice in the past decades have demonstrated the crucial role of Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cell maintenance by regulating proliferation, differentiation, and cell-fate decisions. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in a variety of cancers and other diseases. Loss of the Wnt pathway negative regulator adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is the hallmark of human colorectal cancers (CRC). Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing further reveal many novel recurrent Wnt pathway mutations in addition to the well-characterized APC and β-catenin mutations in CRC. Despite attractive strategies to develop drugs for Wnt signaling, major hurdles in therapeutic intervention of the pathway persist. Here we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in CRC and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Antas
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian S W Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Zhang XY, Li M, Sun K, Chen XJ, Meng J, Wu L, Zhang P, Tong X, Jiang WW. Decreased expression of GRIM-19 by DNA hypermethylation promotes aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:101-15. [PMID: 25575809 PMCID: PMC4381581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel tumor suppressor genes that are down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), genome-wide methylation profiling was performed using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) array in HNSCC and normal mucosa tissue samples. Promoter hypermethylation of the candidate gene, gene associated with retinoid-interferon induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19), was confirmed in HNSCC cell lines. Multivariate regression analysis determined that GRIM-19 hypermethylation was an independent significant factor for HNSCC diagnosis (OR:125.562; P < 0.001). HNSCC patients with lower ratio of GRIM-19/ACTB hypermethylation had increased overall and disease free survival. Furthermore, the optimal cutoff provided 90% sensitivity and 77% specificity of GRIM-19 hypermethylation as a diagnostic marker for HNSCC. Ectopic expression of GRIM-19 in HNSCC cells led to increased oxygen consumption, reduced glycolysis and decreased cell proliferation. HNSCC cells ectopically expressing GRIM-19 displayed increased p53 activity as well as decreased Stat3 and HIF-1α activities. Moreover, GRIM-19 knockdown not only resulted in decreased oxygen consumption and increased aerobic glycolysis but also promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenic capacity in HNSCC cells. Our data indicate that decreased GRIM-19 expression due to promoter hypermethylation may be important in head and neck carcinogenesis by promoting cell proliferation and regulating metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Minle Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Wen Jiang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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48
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安 宁, 罗 心, 叶 苏, 王 宇, 杨 蔚, 蒋 倩, 朱 文. [Construction of pVAX-WIF-1 Eukaryotic Expression Vector and Its Anti-tumor Effect on Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:409-15. [PMID: 26182865 PMCID: PMC6000242 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE WIF-1 is an important tumor-suppressing gene in lung cancer, and its encoding protein WIF-1 can reduce proliferation and promote apoptosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung cancer. This study constructs a eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying WIF-1 using FDA-approved clinical plasmid pVAX and explores the anti-tumor effect of pVAX-WIF-1 on A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and vivo. METHODS The DNA fragment of human WIF-1 coding sequence was amplified by PCR and was cloned into the multiple cloning sites of eukaryotic expression vector pVAX to construct pVAX-WIF-1. A recombinant plasmid was transfected into lung cancer A549 cells, and the expression of WIF-1 genes was verified by Western blot after transfection. Subsequently, the effect of pVAX-WIF-1 on cell apoptosis and proliferation was identified by MTT assay, staining A549 cells with Hoechst 3235, and flow cytometry. Finally, the A549 subcutaneous xenograft was established to detect the effect of pVAX-WIF-1 on lung tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS The results of restriction enzyme digestion, PCR, and sequencing indicated that eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX-WIF-1 was successfully constructed. The protein expression level of WIF-1 was increased in the transfected A549 cells. Further results showed that transfection with pVAX-WIF-1 significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in A549 cells. Moreover, pVAX-WIF-1 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of the A549 subcutaneous xenograft in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pVAX-WIF-1 was successfully constructed. Transfection with pVAX-WIF-1 could significantly inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells and also effectively inhibit the tumor growth of the A549 subcutaneous xenograft in vivo. Our research can contribute to clinical applications of WIF-1 in lung cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 宁 安
- 610072 成都,四川省医学科学院,四川省人民医院肿瘤科Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People′ Hospital, 610072 Chengdu, China
| | - 心梅 罗
- 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院/生物治疗国家重点实验室State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - 苏娟 叶
- 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院/生物治疗国家重点实验室State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - 宇 王
- 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院/生物治疗国家重点实验室State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - 蔚菡 杨
- 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院/生物治疗国家重点实验室State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - 倩倩 蒋
- 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院/生物治疗国家重点实验室State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - 文 朱
- 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院/生物治疗国家重点实验室State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
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49
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Sinha S. Integration of prior biological knowledge and epigenetic information enhances the prediction accuracy of the Bayesian Wnt pathway. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 6:1034-48. [PMID: 25167061 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational modeling of the Wnt signaling pathway has gained prominence for its use as a diagnostic tool to develop therapeutic cancer target drugs and predict test samples as tumorous/normal. Diagnostic tools entail modeling of the biological phenomena behind the pathway while prediction requires inclusion of factors for discriminative classification. This manuscript develops simple static Bayesian network predictive models of varying complexity by encompassing prior partially available biological knowledge about intra/extracellular factors and incorporating information regarding epigenetic modification into a few genes that are known to have an inhibitory effect on the pathway. Incorporation of epigenetic information enhances the prediction accuracy of test samples in human colorectal cancer. In comparison to the Naive Bayes model where β-catenin transcription complex activation predictions are assumed to correspond to sample predictions, the new biologically inspired models shed light on differences in behavior of the transcription complex and the state of samples. Receiver operator curves and their respective area under the curve measurements obtained from predictions of the state of the test sample and the corresponding predictions of the state of activation of the β-catenin transcription complex of the pathway for the test sample indicate a significant difference between the transcription complex being on (off) and its association with the sample being tumorous (normal). The two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirms the statistical deviation between the distributions of these predictions. Hitherto unknown relationship between factors like DKK2, DKK3-1 and SFRP-2/3/5 w.r.t. the β-catenin transcription complex has been inferred using these causal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriprakash Sinha
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Zeb MH, Baruah A, Kossak SK, Buttar NS. Chemoprevention in Barrett's Esophagus: Current Status. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2015; 44:391-413. [PMID: 26021201 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention in Barrett's esophagus is currently applied only in research settings. Identifying pathways that can be targeted by safe, pharmaceutical or natural compounds is key to expanding the scope of chemoprevention. Defining meaningful surrogate markers of cancer progression is critical to test the efficacy of chemopreventive approaches. Combinatorial chemoprevention that targets multiple components of the same pathway or parallel pathways could reduce the risk and improve the efficacy of chemoprevention. Here we discuss the role of chemoprevention as an independent or an adjuvant management option in BE-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Zeb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anushka Baruah
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah K Kossak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Navtej S Buttar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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