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López C, Silkenstedt E, Dreyling M, Beà S. Biological and clinical determinants shaping heterogeneity in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3652-3664. [PMID: 38748869 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon mature B-cell lymphoma that presents a clinical spectrum ranging from indolent to aggressive disease, with challenges in disease management and prognostication. MCL is characterized by significant genomic instability, affecting various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, cell survival, DNA damage response and telomere maintenance, NOTCH and NF-κB/ B-cell receptor pathways, and chromatin modification. Recent molecular and next-generation sequencing studies unveiled a broad genetic diversity among the 2 molecular subsets, conventional MCL (cMCL) and leukemic nonnodal MCL (nnMCL), which may partially explain their clinical heterogeneity. Some asymptomatic and genetically stable nnMCL not requiring treatment at diagnosis may eventually progress clinically. Overall, the high proliferation of tumor cells, blastoid morphology, TP53 and/or CDKN2A/B inactivation, and high genetic complexity influence treatment outcome in cases treated with standard regimens. Emerging targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies are promising for refractory or relapsed cases and a few genetic and nongenetic determinants of refractoriness have been reported. This review summarizes the recent advances in MCL biology, focusing on molecular insights, prognostic markers, and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Silkenstedt
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Yoshida A, Phillips-Mason P, Tarallo V, Avril S, Koivisto C, Leone G, Diehl JA. Non-phosphorylatable cyclin D1 mutant potentiates endometrial hyperplasia and drives carcinoma with Pten loss. Oncogene 2022; 41:2187-2195. [PMID: 35210557 PMCID: PMC10056880 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of -Cyclin Dependent Kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and regulates progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Dysregulated cyclin D1-CDK4/6 contributes to abnormal cell proliferation and tumor development. Phosphorylation of threonine 286 of cyclin D1 is necessary for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Non-phosphorylatable cyclin D1 mutants are stabilized and concentrated in the nucleus, contributing to genomic instability and tumor development. Studies investigating the tumor-promoting functions of cyclin D1 mutants have focused on the use of artificial promoters to drive the expression which unfortunately may not accurately reflect tumorigenic functions of mutant cyclin D1 in cancer development. We have generated a conditional knock-in mouse model where cyclin D1T286A is expressed under the control of its endogenous promoter following Cre-dependent excision of a lox-stop-lox sequence. Acute expression of cyclin D1T286A following tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase triggers inflammation, lymphocyte abnormality and ultimately mesenteric tumors in the intestine. Tissue-specific expression of cyclin D1T286A in the uterus and endometrium cooperates with Pten loss to drive endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. Mechanistically, cyclin D1T286A mutant activates NF-κB signaling, augments inflammation, and contributes to tumor development. These results indicate that mutation of cyclin D1 at threonine 286 has a critical role in regulating inflammation and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Polly Phillips-Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Vincenzo Tarallo
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Stefanie Avril
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Koivisto
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Aberrant somatic hypermutation of CCND1 generates non-coding drivers of mantle cell lymphomagenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:484-493. [PMID: 35145272 PMCID: PMC9113931 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM) can target proto-oncogenes and drive oncogenesis. In mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), CCND1 is targeted by aSHM in the non-nodal subtype (nnMCL), giving rise to exon1 encoded mutant proteins like E36K, Y44D, and C47S that contribute to lymphomagenesis by virtue of their increased protein stability and nuclear localization. However, the vast majority of somatic variants generated by aSHM are found in the first intron of CCND1 but their significance for mantle cell lymphomagenesis is unknown. We performed whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing in 84 MCL patients to explore the contribution of non-coding somatic variants created by aSHM to lymphomagenesis. We show that non-coding variants are enriched in a MCL specific manner in transcription factor-binding sites, that non-coding variants are associated with increased CCND1 mRNA expression, and that coding variants in the first exon of CCND1 are more often synonymous or cause benign amino acid changes than in other types of lymphomas carrying a t(11;14) translocation. Therefore, the increased frequency of somatic variants due to aSHM might be a consequence of selection pressure manifested at the transcriptional level rather than being a mere mechanistic consequence of misguided activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity.
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Pasqualucci L, Klein U. Mouse Models in the Study of Mature B-Cell Malignancies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034827. [PMID: 32398289 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, genomic analyses of several B-cell lymphoma entities have identified a large number of genes that are recurrently mutated, suggesting that their aberrant function promotes lymphomagenesis. For many of those genes, the specific role in normal B-cell development is unknown; moreover, whether and how their deregulated activity contributes to lymphoma initiation and/or maintenance is often difficult to determine. Genetically engineered mouse models that faithfully mimic lymphoma-associated genetic alterations represent valuable tools for elucidating the pathogenic roles of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors in vivo, as well as for the preclinical testing of novel therapeutic principles in an intact microenvironment. Here we summarize what has been learned about the mechanisms of oncogenic transformation from accurately modeling the most common and well-characterized genetic alterations identified in mature B-cell malignancies. This information is expected to guide the design of improved molecular diagnostics and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ulf Klein
- Division of Haematology & Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Yoshida A, Choi J, Jin HR, Li Y, Bajpai S, Qie S, Diehl JA. Fbxl8 suppresses lymphoma growth and hematopoietic transformation through degradation of cyclin D3. Oncogene 2020; 40:292-306. [PMID: 33122824 PMCID: PMC7808939 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of D-type cyclins in human cancer frequently occurs as a result of protein stabilization, emphasizing the importance of identification of the machinery that regulates their ubiqutin-dependent degradation. Cyclin D3 is overexpressed in ~50% of Burkitt’s lymphoma correlating with a mutation of Thr-283. However, the E3 ligase that regulates phosphorylated cyclin D3 and whether a stabilized, phosphorylation deficient mutant of cyclin D3, has oncogenic activity are undefined. We describe the identification of SCF-Fbxl8 as the E3 ligase for Thr-283 phosphorylated cyclin D3. SCF-Fbxl8 poly-ubiquitylates p-Thr-283 cyclin D3 targeting it to the proteasome. Functional investigation demonstrates that Fbxl8 antagonizes cell cycle progression, hematopoietic cell proliferation, and oncogene-induced transformation through degradation of cyclin D3, which is abolished by expression of cyclin D3T283A, a non-phosphorylatable mutant. Clinically, the expression of cyclin D3 is inversely correlated with the expression of Fbxl8 in lymphomas from human patients implicating Fbxl8 functions as a tumor suppressor. Fbxl8 suppresses cell division, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis through phosphorylation-dependent degradation of cyclin D3. Fbxl8 suppresses oncogene-induced transformation of hematopoietic cells and lymphoma cell proliferation through cyclin D3 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hong Ri Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sagar Bajpai
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Shuo Qie
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Chen K, Jiao X, Ashton A, Di Rocco A, Pestell TG, Sun Y, Zhao J, Casimiro MC, Li Z, Lisanti MP, McCue PA, Shen D, Achilefu S, Rui H, Pestell RG. The membrane-associated form of cyclin D1 enhances cellular invasion. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:83. [PMID: 32948740 PMCID: PMC7501870 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential G1-cyclin, CCND1, is a collaborative nuclear oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancer. D-type cyclins bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6 thereby contributing to G1–S cell-cycle progression. In addition to the nucleus, herein cyclin D1 was also located in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast with the nuclear-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1NL), the cytoplasmic membrane-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1MEM) induced transwell migration and the velocity of cellular migration. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce G1–S cell-cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase Akt (Ser473) and augmented extranuclear localized 17β-estradiol dendrimer conjugate (EDC)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). These studies suggest distinct subcellular compartments of cell cycle proteins may convey distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Anthony Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.,Dept of Science and Math, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural college, Tifton, GA, 31794, Georgia
| | - Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Duanwen Shen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA. .,The Wistar Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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7
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Streich L, Sukhanova M, Lu X, Chen YH, Venkataraman G, Mathews S, Zhang S, Kelemen K, Segal J, Gao J, Gordon L, Chen Q, Behdad A. Aggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma characterized with high genomic instability showing frequent chromothripsis, CDKN2A/B loss, and TP53 mutations: A multi-institutional study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:484-494. [PMID: 32277542 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including blastoid and pleomorphic (B/P-MCL), are rare and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The genomic landscape of these variants remains incompletely explored. In this multi-institutional study, we describe recurrent mutations and novel genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) in B/P-MCL, using next generation sequencing and SNP-array. Chromothripsis, a recently described phenomenon of massive chromosomal rearrangements, was identified in eight of 13 (62%) B/P MCL cases, and a high degree of genomic complexity with frequent copy number gains and losses was also seen. In contrast, a comparative cohort of nine cases of conventional MCL (C-MCL) showed no chromothripsis and less complexity. Twelve of 13 (92%) B/P-MCL cases showed loss of CDKN2A/B (6 biallelic and 6 monoallelic losses); while only one C-MCL showed monoallelic CDKN2A/B loss. In B/P-MCL, TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene, with mutations present in eight cases (62%), six of which showed concurrent loss of chromosome 17p. Of the eight cases with chromothripsis, six (85%) harbored TP53 mutations. Other recurrent mutations in B/P-MCL included ATM (7, 53%), CCND1 (5, 38%), NOTCH1 (2, 18%), NOTCH2, and BIRC3 (each in 3, 23%). Here, we describe high genomic instability associated with chromothripsis and a high frequency of CDKN2A/B and TP53 alterations in the aggressive variants of MCL. The nonrandom chromothripsis events observed in B/P-MCL may be an indicator of clinically aggressive MCL. In addition, frequent CDKN2A deletion and high genomic instability may provide potential targets for alternative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Streich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Girish Venkataraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie Mathews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Segal
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leo Gordon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Effects of the Bone/Bone Marrow Microenvironments on Prostate Cancer Cells and CD59 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2753414. [PMID: 32337233 PMCID: PMC7165328 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2753414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) on PC3 prostate cancer cells. Methods To simulate the in vivo interaction between the bone/bone marrow microenvironments and prostate cancer cells, we established cocultures of PC3 cells with hBMSC or hFOB1.19 cells and evaluated their effects on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, and invasion of PC3 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect CD59 mRNA expression in PC3 cells. The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor- (NF-) κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), CD59, NF-κB (p50 subunit), and cyclin D1 in PC3 cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Results hBMSCs and hFOB1.19 cells enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC3 cells; increased the proportion of PC3 cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle; and upregulated RANK, RANKL, OPG, CD59, cyclin D1, and NF-κB (p50 subunit) expression by PC3 cells. The RANKL inhibitor, scutellarin, inhibited these effects in PC3-hFOB1.19 cocultures. Conclusion hBMSCs and hFOB1.19 cells modulate the phenotype of PC3 prostate cancer cells and the expression of CD59 by activating the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway.
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Abstract
The cell cycle is tightly regulated by cyclins and their catalytic moieties, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclin D1, in association with CDK4/6, acts as a mitogenic sensor and integrates extracellular mitogenic signals and cell cycle progression. When deregulated (overexpressed, accumulated, inappropriately located), cyclin D1 becomes an oncogene and is recognized as a driver of solid tumors and hemopathies. Recent studies on the oncogenic roles of cyclin D1 reported non-canonical functions dependent on the partners of cyclin D1 and its location within tumor cells or tissues. Support for these new functions was provided by various mouse models of oncogenesis. Finally, proteomic and transcriptomic data identified complex cyclin D1 networks. This review focuses on these aspects of cyclin D1 pathophysiology, which may be crucial for targeted therapy.Abbreviations: aa, amino acid; AR, androgen receptor; ATM, ataxia telangectasia mutant; ATR, ATM and Rad3-related; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein; CIP, CDK-interacting protein; CHK1/2, checkpoint kinase 1/2; CKI, CDK inhibitor; DDR, DNA damage response; DMP1, cyclin D-binding myb-like protein; DSB, double-strand DNA break; DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase; ER, estrogen receptor; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GSK3β, glycogen synthase-3β; HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HK2, hexokinase 2; HNF4α, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α; HR, homologous recombination; IR, ionizing radiation; KIP, kinase inhibitory protein; MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; NHEJ, non-homologous end-joining; PCAF, p300/CREB binding-associated protein; PGC1α, PPARγ co-activator 1α; PEST, proline-glutamic acid-serine-threonine, PK, pyruvate kinase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RB1, retinoblastoma protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SRC, steroid receptor coactivator; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system; USP22, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22; XPO1 (or CRM1) exportin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guergana Tchakarska
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mishra S, Nyomba BLG. Prohibitin: A hypothetical target for sex-based new therapeutics for metabolic and immune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:157-170. [PMID: 30717609 PMCID: PMC6405819 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Traditional sex-related biases in research are now obsolete, and it is important to identify the sex of humans, animals, and even cells in research protocols, due to the role of sex as a fundamental facet of biology, predisposition to disease, and response to therapy. Genetic sex, epigenetics and hormonal regulations, generate sex-dimorphisms. Recent investigations acknowledge sex differences in metabolic and immune health as well as chronic diseases. Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved molecule, has pleotropic functions in mitochondrial housekeeping, plasma membrane signaling, and nuclear genetic transcription. Studies in adipocytes, macrophages, and transgenic mice indicate that prohibitin interacts with sex steroids and plays a role in mediating sex differences in adipose tissues and immune cell types. Prohibitin may, depending on context, modulate predisposition to chronic metabolic diseases and malignancy and, because of these attributes, could be a target for sex-based therapies of metabolic and immune-related diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of
Manitoba, Manitoba R3E0J9, Canada
| | - BL Grégoire Nyomba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
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11
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Xu J, Lin DI. Oncogenic c-terminal cyclin D1 (CCND1) mutations are enriched in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199688. [PMID: 29969496 PMCID: PMC6029777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is a core cell cycle regulator and is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, often via amplification, translocation or post-transcription regulation. Accumulating evidence suggests that mutations of the CCND1 gene that result in nuclear retention and constitutive activation of CDK4/6 kinases are oncogenic drivers in cancer. However, the spectrum of CCND1 mutations across human cancers has not been systematically investigated. Here, we retrospectively mined whole-exome sequencing data from 124 published studies representing up to 29,432 cases from diverse cancer types and sites of origin, including carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma and lymphoma/leukemia, via online tools to determine the frequency and spectrum of CCND1 mutations in human cancers and their associated clinico-pathological characteristics. Overall, in contrast to gene amplification, which occurred at a frequency of 4.8% (1,419 of 28,769 cases), CCND1 mutations were of very low frequency (0.5%, 151 of 29,432 cases) across all cancers, but were predominantly enriched in uterine endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma (6.5%, 30 of 458 cases) in both primary tumors and in advanced, metastatic endometrial cancer samples. CCND1 mutations in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma occurred most commonly in the c-terminus of cyclin D1, as putative driver mutations, in a region thought to result in oncogenic activation of cyclin D1 via inhibition of Thr-286 phosphorylation and nuclear export, thereby resulting in nuclear retention and protein overexpression. Our findings implicate oncogenic c-terminal mutations of CCND1 in the pathogenesis of a subset of human cancers and provide a key resource to guide future preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Douglas I. Lin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Iaccarino I, Afify L, Aukema SM, Reddemann K, Schütt P, Flür M, Klapper W. t(11;14)-positive mantle cell lymphomas lacking cyclin D1 (CCND1) immunostaining because of a CCND1 mutation or exclusive expression of the CCND1b isoform. Haematologica 2018; 103:e432-e435. [PMID: 29773591 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.192435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ingram Iaccarino
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany .,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Lamis Afify
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sietse M Aukema
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Reddemann
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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13
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CCND1 mutations increase protein stability and promote ibrutinib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73558-73572. [PMID: 27713153 PMCID: PMC5341999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the t(11;14) translocation, which leads to deregulated expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1 (CCND1). Genomic studies of MCL have also identified recurrent mutations in the coding region of CCND1. However, the functional consequence of these mutations is not known. Here, we showed that, compared to wild type (WT), single E36K, Y44D or C47S CCND1 mutations increased CCND1 protein levels in MCL cell lines. Mechanistically, these mutations stabilized CCND1 protein through attenuation of threonine-286 phosphorylation, which is important for proteolysis through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In addition, the mutant proteins preferentially localized to the nucleus. Interestingly, forced expression of WT or mutant CCND1 increased resistance of MCL cell lines to ibrutinib, an FDA-approved Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor for MCL treatment. The Y44D mutant sustained the resistance to ibrutinib even at supraphysiologic concentrations (5-10 μM). Furthermore, primary MCL tumors with CCND1 mutations also expressed stable CCND1 protein and were resistant to ibrutinib. These findings uncover a new mechanism that is critical for the regulation of CCND1 protein levels, and is directly relevant to primary ibrutinib resistance in MCL.
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14
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Beà S, Amador V. Role of SOX11 and Genetic Events Cooperating with Cyclin D1 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 19:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-017-0598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Jiang M, Bennani NN, Feldman AL. Lymphoma classification update: B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:405-415. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1318053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled tumour cell proliferation resulting from aberrant activity of various cell cycle proteins. Therefore, cell cycle regulators are considered attractive targets in cancer therapy. Intriguingly, animal models demonstrate that some of these proteins are not essential for proliferation of non-transformed cells and development of most tissues. By contrast, many cancers are uniquely dependent on these proteins and hence are selectively sensitive to their inhibition. After decades of research on the physiological functions of cell cycle proteins and their relevance for cancer, this knowledge recently translated into the first approved cancer therapeutic targeting of a direct regulator of the cell cycle. In this Review, we focus on proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and Polo-like kinases (PLKs). We discuss the role of cell cycle proteins in cancer, the rationale for targeting them in cancer treatment and results of clinical trials, as well as the future therapeutic potential of various cell cycle inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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17
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Qie S, Diehl JA. Cyclin D1, cancer progression, and opportunities in cancer treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1313-1326. [PMID: 27695879 PMCID: PMC5145738 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells encode three D cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) that coordinately function as allosteric regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 to regulate cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Cyclin expression, accumulation, and degradation, as well as assembly and activation of CDK4/CDK6 are governed by growth factor stimulation. Cyclin D1 is more frequently dysregulated than cyclin D2 or D3 in human cancers, and as such, it has been more extensively characterized. Overexpression of cyclin D1 results in dysregulated CDK activity, rapid cell growth under conditions of restricted mitogenic signaling, bypass of key cellular checkpoints, and ultimately, neoplastic growth. This review discusses cyclin D1 transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulations and its biological function with a particular focus on the mechanisms that result in its dysregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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18
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Paradoxical roles of cyclin D1 in DNA stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 42:56-62. [PMID: 27155130 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of DNA integrity is vital for all of the living organisms. Consequence of DNA damaging ranges from, introducing harmless synonymous mutations, to causing disease-associated mutations, genome instability, and cell death. A cell cycle protein cyclin D1 is an established cancer-driving protein. However, contribution of cyclin D1 to cancer formation and cancer survival is not entirely known. In cancer tissues, overexpression of cyclin D1 is associated with both cancer genome instability, and resistance to DNA-damaging cancer drugs. Emerging evidence indicated that cyclin D1 may play novel direct roles in regulating DNA repair. Here we provide an insight how cyclin D1 expression may contribute to DNA repair and chromosome instability, and how these functions may facilitate cancer formation, and drug resistance.
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19
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Ruella M, Kenderian SS, Shestova O, Fraietta JA, Qayyum S, Zhang Q, Maus MV, Liu X, Nunez-Cruz S, Klichinsky M, Kawalekar OU, Milone M, Lacey SF, Mato A, Schuster SJ, Kalos M, June CH, Gill S, Wasik MA. The Addition of the BTK Inhibitor Ibrutinib to Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (CART19) Improves Responses against Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2684-96. [PMID: 26819453 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Responses to therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells recognizing CD19 (CART19, CTL019) may vary by histology. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents a B-cell malignancy that remains incurable despite novel therapies such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, and where data from CTL019 therapy are scant. Using MCL as a model, we sought to build upon the outcomes from CTL019 and from ibrutinib therapy by combining these in a rational manner. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MCL cell lines and primary MCL samples were combined with autologous or normal donor-derived anti-CD19 CAR T cells along with ibrutinib. The effect of the combination was studied in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. RESULTS MCL cells strongly activated multiple CTL019 effector functions, and MCL killing by CTL019 was further enhanced in the presence of ibrutinib. In a xenograft MCL model, we showed superior disease control in the CTL019- as compared with ibrutinib-treated mice (median survival not reached vs. 95 days, P < 0.005) but most mice receiving CTL019 monotherapy eventually relapsed. Therefore, we added ibrutinib to CTL019 and showed that 80% to 100% of mice in the CTL019 + ibrutinib arm and 0% to 20% of mice in the CTL019 arm, respectively, remained in long-term remission (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Combining CTL019 with ibrutinib represents a rational way to incorporate two of the most recent therapies in MCL. Our findings pave the way to a two-pronged therapeutic strategy in patients with MCL and other types of B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2684-96. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olga Shestova
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Qayyum
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Selene Nunez-Cruz
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Klichinsky
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Omkar U Kawalekar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Milone
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony Mato
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Kalos
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saar Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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20
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Augello MA, Berman-Booty LD, Carr R, Yoshida A, Dean JL, Schiewer MJ, Feng FY, Tomlins SA, Gao E, Koch WJ, Benovic JL, Diehl JA, Knudsen KE. Consequence of the tumor-associated conversion to cyclin D1b. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:628-47. [PMID: 25787974 PMCID: PMC4492821 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that cyclin D1b, a variant of cyclin D1, is associated with tumor progression and poor outcome. However, the underlying molecular basis was unknown. Here, novel models were created to generate a genetic switch from cyclin D1 to cyclin D1b. Extensive analyses uncovered overlapping but non-redundant functions of cyclin D1b compared to cyclin D1 on developmental phenotypes, and illustrated the importance of the transcriptional regulatory functions of cyclin D1b in vivo. Data obtained identify cyclin D1b as an oncogene, wherein cyclin D1b expression under the endogenous promoter induced cellular transformation and further cooperated with known oncogenes to promote tumor growth in vivo. Further molecular interrogation uncovered unexpected links between cyclin D1b and the DNA damage/PARP1 regulatory networks, which could be exploited to suppress cyclin D1b-driven tumors. Collectively, these data are the first to define the consequence of cyclin D1b expression on normal cellular function, present evidence for cyclin D1b as an oncogene, and provide pre-clinical evidence of effective methods to thwart growth of cells dependent upon this oncogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Carr
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Alan Diehl
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Abstract
Cyclin D1 binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (Cdk4/6) to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins, relieving E2F/DPs from the negative restraint of RB proteins and histone deacetylases. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes activate cyclin E/Cdk2 through titration of the Cdk inhibitors p21Cip1/p27Kip1. Cyclin E/Cdk2 further phosphorylates RBs, thereby activating E2F/DPs, and cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle. Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 also phosphorylates MEP50 subunit of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which cooperates with cyclin D1 to drive lymphomagenesis in vivo. Activated PRMPT5 causes arginine methylation of p53 to suppress expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative target genes, explaining the molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis. Cyclin D1 physically interacts with transcription factors such as estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and Myb family proteins to regulate gene expression in Cdk-independent fashion. Dmp1 is a Myb-like protein that quenches the oncogenic signals from activated Ras or HER2 by inducing Arf/p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Cyclin D1 binds to Dmp1α to activate both Arf and Ink4a promoters to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in non-transformed cells to prevent them from neoplastic transformation. Dmp1-deficiency significantly accelerates mouse mammary tumorigenesis with reduced apoptosis and increased metastasis. Cyclin D1 interferes with ligand activation of PPARγ involved in cellular differentiation; it also physically interacts with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and p300 to repress gene expression. It has also been shown that cyclin D1 accelerates tumorigenesis through transcriptional activation of miR-17/20 and Dicer1 which, in turn, represses cyclin D1 expression. Identification of cyclin D1-binding proteins/promoters will be essential for further clarification of its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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22
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Abstract
Extensive studies have characterized mutational disruption of p53 signaling in human cancers. However, the mechanism for bypass of p53 function in tumors retaining wild-type p53 has remained ambiguous. Recent studies suggest that PRMT5, which is frequently elevated in human cancers, cooperates with oncogenic cyclin D1 and leaves marks on p53 by way of arginine methylation, promoting the bypass of wild-type p53, and in doing so, evade apoptosis.
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23
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Yamamoto K, Lee BJ, Li C, Dubois RL, Hobeika E, Bhagat G, Zha S. Early B-cell-specific inactivation of ATM synergizes with ectopic CyclinD1 expression to promote pre-germinal center B-cell lymphomas in mice. Leukemia 2015; 29:1414-24. [PMID: 25676421 PMCID: PMC5282516 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response. ATM is frequently inactivated in human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including ~50% of mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) characterized by ectopic expression of CyclinD1. Here we report that early and robust deletion of ATM in precursor/progenitor B cells causes cell autonomous, clonal mature B-cell lymphomas of both pre- and post-germinal center (GC) origins. Unexpectedly, naive B-cell-specific deletion of ATM is not sufficient to induce lymphomas in mice, highlighting the important tumor suppressor function of ATM in immature B cells. Although EμCyclinD1 is not sufficient to induce lymphomas, EμCyclinD1 accelerates the kinetics and increases the incidence of clonal lymphomas in ATM-deficient B-cells and skews the lymphomas toward pre-GC-derived small lymphocytic neoplasms, sharing morphological features of human MCL. This is in part due to CyclinD1-driven expansion of ATM-deficient naive B cells with genomic instability, which promotes the deletions of additional tumor suppressor genes (i.e. Trp53, Mll2, Rb1 and Cdkn2a). Together these findings define a synergistic function of ATM and CyclinD1 in pre-GC B-cell proliferation and lymphomagenesis and provide a prototypic animal model to study the pathogenesis of human MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yamamoto
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Graduate Program for Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Brian J. Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chen Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Richard L. Dubois
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pediatrics, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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24
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Krem MM, Press OW, Horwitz MS, Tidwell T. Mechanisms and clinical applications of chromosomal instability in lymphoid malignancy. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:13-28. [PMID: 26018193 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are unique among cells in that they undergo programmed DNA breaks and translocations, but that special property predisposes them to chromosomal instability (CIN), a cardinal feature of neoplastic lymphoid cells that manifests as whole chromosome- or translocation-based aneuploidy. In several lymphoid malignancies translocations may be the defining or diagnostic markers of the diseases. CIN is a cornerstone of the mutational architecture supporting lymphoid neoplasia, though it is perhaps one of the least understood components of malignant transformation in terms of its molecular mechanisms. CIN is associated with prognosis and response to treatment, making it a key area for impacting treatment outcomes and predicting prognoses. Here we will review the types and mechanisms of CIN found in Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and the lymphoid leukaemias, with emphasis placed on pathogenic mutations affecting DNA recombination, replication and repair; telomere function; and mitotic regulation of spindle attachment, centrosome function, and chromosomal segregation. We will discuss the means by which chromosome-level genetic aberrations may give rise to multiple pathogenic mutations required for carcinogenesis and conclude with a discussion of the clinical applications of CIN and aneuploidy to diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell M Krem
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oliver W Press
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marshall S Horwitz
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Chen X, Zhang L, Zheng S, Zhang T, Li M, Zhang X, Zeng Z, McCrae MA, Zhao J, Zhuang H, Lu F. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Stabilizes Cyclin D1 and Increases Cyclin D1 Nuclear Accumulation through ERK-Mediated Inactivation of GSK-3β. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:455-63. [PMID: 25712050 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) contributes centrally to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been suggested that the transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 by HBx is implicated in the development of HCC. However, numerous studies have shown that overexpression of cyclin D1 alone is not sufficient to drive oncogenic transformation. Herein, we investigated whether HBx can stabilize cyclin D1 and induce cyclin D1 protein nuclear accumulation, and thereby accelerate hepatocarcinogenesis. The effects of HBx on cyclin D1 stabilization were assessed in cell-based transfection, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunocytofluorescence staining, and flow-cytometric assays. The results demonstrated that ectopic expression of HBx in HCC cells could extend the half-life of cyclin D1 protein from 40-60 minutes to 80-110 minutes. HBx stabilized cyclin D1 primarily in the S phase of the cell cycle, in a manner dependent on the inactivation of GSK-3β, which was mediated by ERK activation. HBx also prompted the nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1, and cotransfection of the constitutively active mutant of GSK-3β along with HBx could reverse the nuclear accumulation and subsequent cell proliferation induced by HBx. Further, a positive correlation between HBx and nuclear cyclin D1 level was established in HCC specimens detected by an immunohistochemical assay. Taken together, our results indicated that HBx could stabilize and increase cyclin D1 nuclear accumulation through ERK-mediated inactivation of GSK-3β. This HBx-induced cyclin D1 upregulation might play an important role in HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Beijing YouAn hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | | | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China.
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26
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Li Y, Chitnis N, Nakagawa H, Kita Y, Natsugoe S, Yang Y, Li Z, Wasik M, Klein-Szanto AJP, Rustgi AK, Diehl JA. PRMT5 is required for lymphomagenesis triggered by multiple oncogenic drivers. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:288-303. [PMID: 25582697 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been implicated as a key modulator of lymphomagenesis. Whether PRMT5 has overt oncogenic function in the context of leukemia/lymphoma and whether it represents a therapeutic target remains to be established. We demonstrate that inactivation of PRMT5 inhibits colony-forming activity by multiple oncogenic drivers, including cyclin D1, c-MYC, NOTCH1, and MLL-AF9. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PRMT5 overexpression specifically cooperates with cyclin D1 to drive lymphomagenesis in a mouse model, revealing inherent neoplastic activity. Molecular analysis of lymphomas revealed that arginine methylation of p53 selectively suppresses expression of crucial proapoptotic and antiproliferative target genes, thereby sustaining tumor cell self-renewal and proliferation and bypassing the need for the acquisition of inactivating p53 mutations. Critically, analysis of human tumor specimens reveals a strong correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and p53 methylation, supporting the biomedical relevance of this pathway. SIGNIFICANCE We have identified and functionally validated a crucial role for PRMT5 for the inhibition of p53-dependent tumor suppression in response to oncogenic insults. The requisite role for PRMT5 in the context of multiple lymphoma/leukemia oncogenic drivers suggests a molecular rationale for therapeutic development.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Arginine/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cluster Analysis
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Methylation
- Mice
- Mutation
- Oncogenes
- Phosphorylation
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nilesh Chitnis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mariusz Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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27
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Eyre TA, Collins GP, Goldstone AH, Cwynarski K. Time now to TORC the TORC? New developments in mTOR pathway inhibition in lymphoid malignancies. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:336-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby A. Eyre
- Department of Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Department of Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | | | - Kate Cwynarski
- Department of Haematology; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
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28
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Goy A, Hernandez-Ilzaliturri FJ, Kahl B, Ford P, Protomastro E, Berger M. A phase I/II study of the pan Bcl-2 inhibitor obatoclax mesylate plus bortezomib for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2761-8. [PMID: 24679008 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.907891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obatoclax, a BH3 mimetic inhibitor of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, demonstrates synergy with bortezomib in preclinical models of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This phase I/II study assessed obatoclax plus bortezomib in patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. Twenty-three patients received obatoclax 30 or 45 mg plus bortezomib 1.0 or 1.3 mg/m(2), administered intravenously on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 21-day cycle. In phase I, the combination was feasible at all doses. Obatoclax 45 mg plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2) was selected for phase II study. Common adverse events were somnolence (87%), fatigue (61%) and euphoric mood (57%), all primarily grade 1/2. Grade 3/4 events included thrombocytopenia (21%), anemia (13%) and fatigue (13%). Objective responses occurred in 4/13 (31%) evaluable patients (three complete and one partial response). Six patients (46%) had stable disease lasting ≥ 8 weeks. Obatoclax plus bortezomib was feasible, but the synergy demonstrated in preclinical models was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack, NJ , USA
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29
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Allinne et al propose the nucleolin-dependent activation of the translocated CCND1 allele in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) because of its relocalization to a transcriptionally favorable area in the perinucleolar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Beà
- INSTITUT D'INVESTIGACIONS BIOMÈDIQUES AUGUST PI I SUNYER
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30
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Hamid SM, Cicek S, Karamil S, Ozturk MB, Debelec-Butuner B, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Varisli L, Gonen-Korkmaz C, Yorukoglu K, Korkmaz KS. HOXB13 contributes to G1/S and G2/M checkpoint controls in prostate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:38-47. [PMID: 24325868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
HOXB13 is a homeobox protein that is expressed in normal adult prostate and colon tissues; however, its deregulated expression was evidenced in various malignancies. To characterize the putative role of HOXB13 in cell cycle progression, we performed overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown studies in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were also performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues containing normal, H-PIN and PCa sections from 20 radical prostatectomy specimens. Furthermore, when the role of HOXB13 during cell cycle progression, association with cyclins, cell growth and colony formation using real-time cell proliferation were assessed, we observed that ectopic expression of HOXB13 accumulated cells at G1 through decreasing the cyclin D1 level by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. This loss slowed S phase entry in both cell lines examined, with an associated decrease in pRb((S780) and (S795)) phosphorylations. Contrary, siRNA-mediated depletion of HOXB13 expression noticeably increased cyclin levels, stabilized E2F1 and CDC25C, subsequent to increased pRb phosphorylations. This increase in Cyclin B1 and CDC25C both together facilitated activation of cyclin B complex via dephosphorylating CDK1((T14Y15)), and resumed the G2/M transition after nocodazole synchronization. Despite an increase in the total expression level and cytoplasmic retention of HOXB13 in H-PIN and PCa samples that were observed via IHC evaluation of prostate tissues, HOXB13 depletion facilitated to an increase in PC-3 and LNCaP cell proliferation. Thus, we suggest that HOXB13 expression is required for cell cycle regulation, and increases by an unknown mechanism consequent to its functional loss in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Hamid
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seher Cicek
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selda Karamil
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Burak Ozturk
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Debelec-Butuner
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Erbaykent-Tepedelen
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Kutsal Yorukoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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31
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Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Although defined by the characteristic t(11;14) translocation, MCL has not been recapitulated in transgenic mouse models of cyclin D1 overexpression alone. Indeed, several genetic aberrations have been identified in MCL that may contribute to its pathogenesis and chemoresistance. Of particular interest is the frequent biallelic deletion of the proapoptotic BCL-2 family protein BIM. BIM exerts its pro-death function via its α-helical BH3 death domain that has the dual capacity to inhibit antiapoptotic proteins such as BCL-2 and MCL-1 and directly trigger proapoptotic proteins such as the mitochondrial executioner protein BAX. To evaluate a functional role for Bim deletion in the pathogenesis of MCL, we generated cyclin D1-transgenic mice harboring Bim-deficient B cells. In response to immunization, Eμ(CycD1)CD19(CRE)Bim(fl/fl) mice manifested selective expansion of their splenic mantle zone compartment. Three distinct immune stimulation regimens induced lymphomas with histopathologic and molecular features of human MCL in a subset of mice. Thus, deletion of Bim in B cells, in the context of cyclin D1 overexpression, disrupts a critical control point in lymphoid maturation and predisposes to the development of MCL. This genetic proof of concept for MCL pathogenesis suggests an opportunity to reactivate the death pathway by pharmacologic mimicry of proapoptotic BIM.
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32
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Espinet B, Ferrer A, Bellosillo B, Nonell L, Salar A, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Puigdecanet E, Gimeno J, Garcia-Garcia M, Vela MC, Luño E, Collado R, Navarro JT, de la Banda E, Abrisqueta P, Arenillas L, Serrano C, Lloreta J, Miñana B, Cerutti A, Florensa L, Orfao A, Sanz F, Solé F, Dominguez-Sola D, Serrano S. Distinction between asymptomatic monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with cyclin D1 overexpression and mantle cell lymphoma: from molecular profiling to flow cytometry. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:1007-19. [PMID: 24352646 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to current diagnostic criteria, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) encompasses the usual, aggressive variants and rare, nonnodal cases with monoclonal asymptomatic lymphocytosis, cyclin D1-positive (MALD1). We aimed to understand the biology behind this clinical heterogeneity and to identify markers for adequate identification of MALD1 cases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared 17 typical MCL cases with a homogeneous group of 13 untreated MALD1 cases (median follow-up, 71 months). We conducted gene expression profiling with functional analysis in five MCL and five MALD1. Results were validated in 12 MCL and 8 MALD1 additional cases by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in 24 MCL and 13 MALD1 cases by flow cytometry. Classification and regression trees strategy was used to generate an algorithm based on CD38 and CD200 expression by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found 171 differentially expressed genes with enrichment of neoplastic behavior and cell proliferation signatures in MCL. Conversely, MALD1 was enriched in gene sets related to immune activation and inflammatory responses. CD38 and CD200 were differentially expressed between MCL and MALD1 and confirmed by flow cytometry (median CD38, 89% vs. 14%; median CD200, 0% vs. 24%, respectively). Assessment of both proteins allowed classifying 85% (11 of 13) of MALD1 cases whereas 15% remained unclassified. SOX11 expression by qRT-PCR was significantly different between MCL and MALD1 groups but did not improve the classification. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that MALD1, in contrast to MCL, is characterized by immune activation and driven by inflammatory cues. Assessment of CD38/CD200 by flow cytometry is useful to distinguish most cases of MALD1 from MCL in the clinical setting. MALD1 should be identified and segregated from the current MCL category to avoid overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Espinet
- Authors' Affiliations: Servei de Patologia, Servei d'Hematologia, Hospital del Mar; Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays, Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB; Servei d'Hematología, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Servei d'Hematologia, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Servei d'Hematologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona; Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo; Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia; Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo, Servicio de Hematología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL and IBSAL) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York; and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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33
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Duncan K, Rosean TR, Tompkins VS, Olivier A, Sompallae R, Zhan F, Tricot G, Acevedo MR, Ponto LLB, Walsh SA, Tygrett LT, Berger AJ, Waldschmidt T, Morse HC, Sunderland JJ, Janz S. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT imaging in an IL-6- and MYC-driven mouse model of human multiple myeloma affords objective evaluation of plasma cell tumor progression and therapeutic response to the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e165. [PMID: 24292417 PMCID: PMC3880444 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) are useful imaging modalities for evaluating tumor progression and treatment responses in genetically engineered mouse models of solid human cancers, but the potential of integrated FDG-PET/CT for assessing tumor development and new interventions in transgenic mouse models of human blood cancers such as multiple myeloma (MM) has not been demonstrated. Here we use BALB/c mice that contain the newly developed iMyc(ΔEμ) gene insertion and the widely expressed H2-L(d)-IL6 transgene to demonstrate that FDG-PET/CT affords an excellent research tool for assessing interleukin-6- and MYC-driven plasma cell tumor (PCT) development in a serial, reproducible and stage- and lesion-specific manner. We also show that FDG-PET/CT permits determination of objective drug responses in PCT-bearing mice treated with the investigational proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (MLN2238), the biologically active form of ixazomib citrate (MLN9708), that is currently in phase 3 clinical trials in MM. Overall survival of 5 of 6 ixazomib-treated mice doubled compared with mice left untreated. One outlier mouse presented with primary refractory disease. Our findings demonstrate the utility of FDG-PET/CT for preclinical MM research and suggest that this method will play an important role in the design and testing of new approaches to treat myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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34
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Landscape of somatic mutations and clonal evolution in mantle cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18250-5. [PMID: 24145436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314608110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive tumor, but a subset of patients may follow an indolent clinical course. To understand the mechanisms underlying this biological heterogeneity, we performed whole-genome and/or whole-exome sequencing on 29 MCL cases and their respective matched normal DNA, as well as 6 MCL cell lines. Recurrently mutated genes were investigated by targeted sequencing in an independent cohort of 172 MCL patients. We identified 25 significantly mutated genes, including known drivers such as ataxia-telangectasia mutated (ATM), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and the tumor suppressor TP53; mutated genes encoding the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC3 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2); and the chromatin modifiers WHSC1, MLL2, and MEF2B. We also found NOTCH2 mutations as an alternative phenomenon to NOTCH1 mutations in aggressive tumors with a dismal prognosis. Analysis of two simultaneous or subsequent MCL samples by whole-genome/whole-exome (n = 8) or targeted (n = 19) sequencing revealed subclonal heterogeneity at diagnosis in samples from different topographic sites and modulation of the initial mutational profile at the progression of the disease. Some mutations were predominantly clonal or subclonal, indicating an early or late event in tumor evolution, respectively. Our study identifies molecular mechanisms contributing to MCL pathogenesis and offers potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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35
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Pyo CW, Choi JH, Oh SM, Choi SY. Oxidative stress-induced cyclin D1 depletion and its role in cell cycle processing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5316-25. [PMID: 23920145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D1 is immediately down-regulated in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and implicated in the induction of cell cycle arrest in G2 phase by an unknown mechanism. Either treatment with a protease inhibitor alone or expression of protease-resistant cyclin D1 T286A resulted in only a partial relief from the ROS-induced cell cycle arrest, indicating the presence of an additional control mechanism. METHODS Cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and analyzed to assess the changes in cyclin D1 level and its effects on cell cycle processing by kinase assay, de novo synthesis, gene silencing, and polysomal analysis, etc. RESULTS Exposure of cells to excessive H2O2 induced ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1, which was subsequently followed by translational repression. This dual control mechanism was found to contribute to the induction of cell cycle arrest in G2 phase under oxidative stress. Silencing of an eIF2α kinase PERK significantly retarded cyclin D1 depletion, and contributed largely to rescuing cells from G2 arrest. Also the cyclin D1 level was found to be correlated with Chk1 activity. CONCLUSIONS In addition to an immediate removal of the pre-existing cyclin D1 under oxidative stress, the following translational repression appear to be required for ensuring full depletion of cyclin D1 and cell cycle arrest. Oxidative stress-induced cyclin D1 depletion is linked to the regulation of G2/M transit via the Chk1-Cdc2 DNA damage checkpoint pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The control of cyclin D1 is a gate keeping program to protect cells from severe oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Pyo
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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36
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IKEDA YUJI, ODA KATSUTOSHI, HIRAIKE-WADA OSAMU, KOSO TAKAHIRO, MIYASAKA AKI, KASHIYAMA TOMOKO, TANIKAWA MICHIHIRO, SONE KENBUN, NAGASAKA KAZUNORI, MAEDA DAICHI, KAWANA KEI, NAKAGAWA SHUNSUKE, FUKAYAMA MASASHI, TETSU OSAMU, FUJII TOMOYUKI, YANO TETSU, KOZUMA SHIRO. Cyclin D1 harboring the T286I mutation promotes oncogenic activation in endometrial cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:584-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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37
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Oricchio E, Wendel HG. Functional genomics lead to new therapies in follicular lymphoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1293:18-24. [PMID: 23676193 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances allow analysis of genomic changes in cancer in unprecedented detail. The next challenge is to prioritize the multitude of genetic aberrations found and identify therapeutic opportunities. We recently completed a study that illustrates the use of unbiased genetic screens and murine cancer models to find therapeutic targets among complex genomic data. We genetically dissected the common deletion of chromosome 6q and identified the ephrin receptor A7 (EPHA7) as a tumor suppressor in lymphoma. Notably, EPHA7 encodes a soluble splice variant that acts as an extrinsic tumor suppressor. Accordingly, we developed an antibody-based strategy to specifically deliver EPHA7 back to tumors that have lost this gene. Recent sequencing studies have implicated EPHA7 in lung cancer and other tumors, suggesting a broader therapeutic potential for antibody-mediated delivery of this tumor suppressor for cancer therapy. Together, our comprehensive approach provides new insights into cancer biology and may directly lead to the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Oricchio
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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38
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SCFs in the new millennium. Oncogene 2013; 33:2011-8. [PMID: 23624913 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substrate-specific degradation is a key feature of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Substrate specificity is typically directed by the E3 or ubiquitin ligase; such specificity can be conferred either by ligase modification or expression or conversely via modification of substrates that permit their recognition by a specific E3 ligase. The most well-known example of such complexes are the Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs). CRLs are composed of one of seven cullin-family scaffold proteins; the CRL serves as a scaffold that interacts directly with a RING-domain enzyme (Rbx1/2) through an extensive protein-protein interface within the globular C-terminal domain. At the N terminus, the cullin associates with an adaptor protein through cullin-repeat motifs. This adaptor, in turn, facilitates recruitment of a substrate-specifying factor that recruits the target to be ubiquitylated. The prototypical CRL is the cul1-containing complex, commonly referred to as the Skp1-Cul1-Fbox (SCF) ligase. SCF ligases contribute to the timely destruction of numerous substrates thereby ensuring normal cell growth. The importance of SCF function is highlighted by cancer-specific alterations in either the expression or the function of select F-box substrate-specific adaptors that results in neoplastic conversion. Herein, we discuss the current understanding of SCF function and contribution to cell biology.
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39
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Expression of cyclin A, B1 and D1 after induction of cell cycle arrest in the Jurkat cell line exposed to doxorubicin. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:1129-35. [PMID: 22950819 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Jurkat human lymphoblastoid cells were incubated in increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 μM) to induce cell death, and their expression of cyclin A, B1 and D1 was evaluated by flow cytometry (cell cycle progression, Annexin V assay, percentages and levels of each of the cyclins), transmission electron microscopy (ultrastructure) and confocal fluorescence microscopy (expression and intracellular localization of cyclins). After low-dose doxorubicin treatment, Jurkat cells responded mainly by G2/M arrest, which was related to increased cyclin B1, A and D1 levels, a low level of apoptosis and/or mitotic catastrophe. The influence of doxorubicin on levels and/or localization of selected cyclins was confirmed, which may in turn contribute to the G2/M arrest induced by the drug.
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40
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41
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Moore JD. In the wrong place at the wrong time: does cyclin mislocalization drive oncogenic transformation? Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:201-8. [PMID: 23388618 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are regulated by both cyclin abundance and cyclin localization. Increased cyclin expression in cancer was first observed two decades ago, and its role in pathogenesis has been investigated in great depth. This Opinion article focuses on the spatial deregulation of cyclin expression and its potential link to oncogenesis. It describes the contexts in which particular cyclins have been reported to be mislocalized in neoplasia, reviews the mechanisms underlying the dynamic subcellular localization of CDK-cyclin complexes in normal cells, and discusses how these controls can be disrupted in cancer. It also outlines the mechanisms by which cyclin mislocalization might disrupt cell cycle control and interfere with faithful chromosome segregation. Finally, it discusses the extent to which cyclin mislocalization might facilitate tumorigenesis in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Moore
- Vernalis (R&D), Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GB, UK.
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42
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Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. New treatment modalities, including intensive induction regimens with immunochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant, have improved survival. However, many patients still relapse, and there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recent progress has been made in the understanding of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in MCL. Comparisons of tumor samples from patients with MCL with their normal counterparts (naive B-cells) have identified differentially expressed miRNAs with roles in cellular growth and survival pathways, as demonstrated in various biological model systems. In addition, MCL clinico-pathological and prognostic subtypes can be identified using individual miRNAs or miRNA classifiers. miRNA based therapies have now shown efficacy in animal models, and many efforts are currently being made to further develop these drugs for use in patients. Thus, there is hope that specific targeting of pathogenic miRNAs may be used in cases of MCL when conventional therapies fail. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in MCL, and highlight the perspectives for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Husby
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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43
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Zhang KJ, Wang M. Potential effects of CRM1 inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 24:374-87. [PMID: 23357869 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2012.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive histotype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease has no known cure, which prompts the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) may play a role in human neoplasia and serve as a novel target of cancer treatment. This study summarizes MCL pathogenesis and determines the involvement of CRM1 in the regulation of several vital signaling pathways contributing to MCL pathogenesis, including the pathways of cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, phosphoinositide kinase-3, nuclear factor-κB activation, and chromosomal stability. A preclinical study is also presented to compare the CRM1 status in MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells with normal B cells, as well as the therapeutic efficiency of CRM1 inhibition in MCL in vitro and in vivo, which make these agents potential targets of novel MCL treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; ; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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ATM deficiency augments constitutively nuclear cyclin D1-driven genomic instability and lymphomagenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:129-33. [PMID: 23318439 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 deregulation is implicated in the genesis of multiple human cancers. Importantly, nuclear cyclin D1 retention during S-phase promotes DNA re-replication and subsequent genomic instability, providing a direct correlation between aberrant cyclin D1/CDK4 activity, transcriptional regulation and double strand DNA break (DSB) induction. Together, these molecular events catalyze the genomic instability necessary for neoplastic transformation. Given that replication-associated DNA damage is central to cyclin D1-driven neoplasia, inactivation of critical checkpoint mediators should augment cyclin D1-dependent tumorigenesis in vivo. To interrogate potential synergy between constitutively nuclear cyclin D1 expression and impaired DSB-induced checkpoint integrity, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM)-deficient mice harboring the Eμ-D1T286A transgene were generated and evaluated for tumor onset. Eμ-D1T286A/ATM-/- mice exhibit dramatically accelerated incidence of both B- and T-cell lymphomas relative to Eμ-D1T286A or ATM-/- control cohorts. Lymphomas exhibit clonal chromosomal alterations distinct from ATM-/- mice, which typically acquire translocations involving the Tcrα/δ locus during V(D)J recombination, and instead harbor alterations at the c-Myc locus. Collectively, these findings reveal an intricate relationship wherein nuclear cyclin D1/CDK4 drives genomic instability in the absence of ATM function and clonal selection of cells harboring alterations within the murine c-Myc locus, ultimately facilitating transformation and tumor formation.
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Abstract
Genomic profiling of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells has enabled a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of disease. Besides the t(11;14)(q13;q32) leading to cyclin D1 overexpression, MCL exhibits a characteristic pattern of DNA copy number aberrations that differs from those detected in other B-cell lymphomas. These genomic changes disrupt selected oncogenes and suppressor genes that are required for lymphoma development and progression, many of which are components of cell cycle, DNA damage response and repair, apoptosis, and cell-signaling pathways. Additionally, some of them may represent effective therapeutic targets. A number of genomic and molecular abnormalities have been correlated with the clinical outcome of patients with MCL and are considered prognostic factors. However, only a few genomic markers have been shown to predict the response to current or novel targeted therapies. One representative example is the high-level amplification of the BCL2 gene, which predicts a good response to pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic drugs. In summary, genomic analyses have contributed to the substantial advances made in the comprehension of the pathogenesis of MCL, providing a solid basis for the identification of optimal therapeutic targets and for the design of new molecular therapies aiming to cure this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rieger Menanteau
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Zullo K, Amengual JE, O'Connor OA, Scotto L. Murine models in mantle cell lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2012; 25:153-63. [PMID: 22687451 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive, heterogeneous B-cell lymphoma associated with a relatively short survival has been challenging to study in the laboratory due to the lack of in vitro and in vivo models that accurately recapitulate the disease. Advancement has been made in the characterization of MCL cell lines through the generation of the ATCC MCL bank, enabling their use in xenograft murine models. These models provide valuable but limited information for the preclinical evaluation and development of targeted therapies for MCL despite their deficiencies of a functioning immune system and correct micro-environment. Currently, there is only one double transgenic murine model known to develop spontaneous MCL. There is an urgency to develop innovative transgenic murine models that could be used to better predict therapeutic responses and precisely decipher mechanisms of action, to foster refinement of novel therapeutics for mantle cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Zullo
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Benanti JA. Coordination of cell growth and division by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:492-8. [PMID: 22542766 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of cellular growth and division is crucial for a cell to make an accurate copy of itself. Regulated protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in the coordination of these two processes. Many ubiquitin ligases, in particular the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) family and the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC), couple growth and division by targeting cell cycle and metabolic regulators for degradation. However, many regulatory proteins are targeted by multiple ubiquitin ligases. As a result, we are only just beginning to understand the complexities of the proteolytic regulatory network that connects cell growth and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Benanti
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Kirschey S, Wagner S, Hess G. Relapsed and/or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: What Role for Temsirolimus? CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2012; 6:153-64. [PMID: 22550404 PMCID: PMC3306245 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is associated with a dismal prognosis. Recently, along with the improved understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease, new first line regimens have been established and in addition novel treatment options have entered the clinical arena. In consequence, prognosis of the disease has fortunately improved. We here focus on the rationale, current clinical knowledge and future concepts of Temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR, in the treatment of MCL. At this time this drug has been shown to be effective as single agent for relapsed disease and early combination data show promising results. In addition, with a brief outline of other treatment options, we aim to guide at which place in the current treatment algorithms Temsirolimus can be integrated into the treatment of MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kirschey
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical School, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz
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A defect of the INK4-Cdk4 checkpoint and Myc collaborate in blastoid mantle cell lymphoma-like lymphoma formation in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1688-701. [PMID: 22326754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of lymphocytes with the co-expression of CD5 and CD43, but not of CD23. Typical MCL is associated with overexpression of cyclin D1, and blastoid MCL variants are associated with Myc (alias c-myc) translocations. In this study, we developed a murine model of MCL-like lymphoma by crossing Cdk4(R24C) mice with Myc-3'RR transgenic mice. The Cdk4(R24C) mouse is a knockin strain that expresses a Cdk4 protein that is resistant to inhibition by p16(INK4a) as well as other INK4 family members. Ablation of INK4 control on Cdk4 does not affect lymphomagenesis, B-cell maturation, and functions in Cdk4(R24C) mice. Additionally, B cells were normal in numbers, cell cycle activity, mitogen responsiveness, and Ig synthesis in response to activation. By contrast, breeding Cdk4(R24C) mice with Myc-3'RR transgenic mice prone to develop aggressive Burkitt lymphoma-like lymphoma (CD19(+)IgM(+)IgD(+) cells) leads to the development of clonal blastoid MCL-like lymphoma (CD19(+)IgM(+)CD5(+)CD43(+)CD23(-) cells) in Myc/Cdk4(R24C) mice. Western blot analysis revealed high amounts of Cdk4/cyclin D1 complexes as the main hallmark of these lymphomas. These results indicate that although silent in nonmalignant B cells, a defect in the INK4-Cdk4 checkpoint can participate in lymphomagenesis in conjunction with additional alterations of cell cycle control, a situation that might be reminiscent of the development of human blastoid MCL.
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New diagnosis of multiple myeloma in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma: Shared genetic factors or simple coincidence? Leuk Res Rep 2012; 1:7-8. [PMID: 24371760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma are well defined hematological malignancies. Understanding of their pathogeneses has led to new therapies and increased survival. We report on a 64-yr-old female who was diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma in 2003, then multiple myeloma in 2010. We identified only few other cases of concomitant MM and MCL. We also explored the importance of t(11;14)(q13;q32). The development of these two disorders in the same patient may simply be due to chance; however, it may also represent a common genetic hit affecting the B-cell population leading to development of two different malignancies.
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Key Words
- FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- IgH, immunoglobin heavy (chain)
- MCL, mantle cell lymphoma
- MM, multiple myeloma
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma
- PBSCT, peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
- VCD, velcade (bortezomib) cyclophosphamide dexamethasone
- VDJ, variable, diverse, joining (region)
- VRD, velcade revlimid (lenalidomide) dexamethasone
- t(11;14)(q13;q32)
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