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Razavipour SF, Yoon H, Jang K, Kim M, Nawara HM, Bagheri A, Huang WC, Shin M, Zhao D, Zhou Z, Van Boven D, Briegel K, Morey L, Ince TA, Johnson M, Slingerland JM. C-terminally phosphorylated p27 activates self-renewal driver genes to program cancer stem cell expansion, mammary hyperplasia and cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5152. [PMID: 38886396 PMCID: PMC11183067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, a stem-like cell subpopulation mediates tumor initiation, dissemination and drug resistance. Here, we report that cancer stem cell (CSC) abundance is transcriptionally regulated by C-terminally phosphorylated p27 (p27pT157pT198). Mechanistically, this arises through p27 co-recruitment with STAT3/CBP to gene regulators of CSC self-renewal including MYC, the Notch ligand JAG1, and ANGPTL4. p27pTpT/STAT3 also recruits a SIN3A/HDAC1 complex to co-repress the Pyk2 inhibitor, PTPN12. Pyk2, in turn, activates STAT3, creating a feed-forward loop increasing stem-like properties in vitro and tumor-initiating stem cells in vivo. The p27-activated gene profile is over-represented in STAT3 activated human breast cancers. Furthermore, mammary transgenic expression of phosphomimetic, cyclin-CDK-binding defective p27 (p27CK-DD) increases mammary duct branching morphogenesis, yielding hyperplasia and microinvasive cancers that can metastasize to liver, further supporting a role for p27pTpT in CSC expansion. Thus, p27pTpT interacts with STAT3, driving transcriptional programs governing stem cell expansion or maintenance in normal and cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kibeom Jang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wei-Chi Huang
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Miyoung Shin
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dekuang Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Derek Van Boven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karoline Briegel
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tan A Ince
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
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2
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Okamura D, Kohara A, Chigi Y, Katayama T, Sharif J, Wu J, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Matsui Y. p38 MAPK as a gatekeeper of reprogramming in mouse migratory primordial germ cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410177. [PMID: 38911025 PMCID: PMC11191381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian germ cells are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) and ensure species continuity through generations. Unlike irreversible committed mature germ cells, migratory PGCs exhibit a latent pluripotency characterized by the ability to derive embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and form teratoma. Here, we show that inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by chemical compounds in mouse migratory PGCs enables derivation of chemically induced Embryonic Germ-like Cells (cEGLCs) that do not require conventional growth factors like LIF and FGF2/Activin-A, and possess unique naïve pluripotent-like characteristics with epiblast features and chimera formation potential. Furthermore, cEGLCs are regulated by a unique PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, distinct from conventional naïve pluripotent stem cells described previously. Consistent with this notion, we show by performing ex vivo analysis that inhibition of p38 MAPK in organ culture supports the survival and proliferation of PGCs and also potentially reprograms PGCs to acquire indefinite proliferative capabilities, marking these cells as putative teratoma-producing cells. These findings highlight the utility of our ex vivo model in mimicking in vivo teratoma formation, thereby providing valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Taken together, our research underscores a key role of p38 MAPK in germ cell development, maintaining proper cell fate by preventing unscheduled pluripotency and teratoma formation with a balance between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Aoi Kohara
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuta Chigi
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoka Katayama
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Zeng S, Yang H, Wang B, Xie Y, Xu K, Liu L, Cao W, Liu X, Tang B, Liu M, Zhang R. The MORC2 p.S87L mutation reduces proliferation of pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with the spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype by inhibiting proliferation-related signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:205-211. [PMID: 37488868 PMCID: PMC10479865 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microrchidia CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2) gene are the causative agent of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z (CMT2Z), and the hotspot mutation p.S87L is associated with a more severe spinal muscular atrophy-like clinical phenotype. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of the severe phenotype caused by the MORC2 p.S87L mutation and to explore potential treatment strategies. Epithelial cells were isolated from urine samples from a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-like patient (MORC2 p.S87L), a CMT2Z patient (MORC2 p.Q400R), and a healthy control and induced to generate pluripotent stem cells, which were then differentiated into motor neuron precursor cells. Next-generation RNA sequencing followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes involved in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways were enriched in the p.S87L SMA-like patient group and were significantly downregulated in induced pluripotent stem cells. Reduced proliferation was observed in the induced pluripotent stem cells and motor neuron precursor cells derived from the p.S87L SMA-like patient group compared with the CMT2Z patient group and the healthy control. G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest was observed in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from the p.S87L SMA-like patient. MORC2 p.S87L-specific antisense oligonucleotides (p.S87L-ASO-targeting) showed significant efficacy in improving cell proliferation and activating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways in induced pluripotent stem cells. However, p.S87L-ASO-targeting did not rescue proliferation of motor neuron precursor cells. These findings suggest that downregulation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways leading to reduced cell proliferation and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in induced pluripotent stem cells might be the underlying mechanism of the severe p.S87L SMA-like phenotype. p.S87L-ASO-targeting treatment can alleviate disordered cell proliferation in the early stage of pluripotent stem cell induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Honglan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanqian Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mujun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruxu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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4
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Yang L, Zhang L, Du Q, Gong X, Tian J. Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the psoriasis and T2D by using microarray data analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19313. [PMID: 37935955 PMCID: PMC10630520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of evidence has identified that psoriasis is significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the common molecular mechanism of its occurrence remains unclear. Our study aims to further elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence of this complication. We obtained the gene expression data of psoriasis (GSE30999) and T2D (GSE28829) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Then the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of T2D and psoriasis were identified. After that, we performed three types of analyses about these DEGs, including functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module manufacture, hub genes identification and co-expression analysis. 132 common DEGs (14 upregulated genes and 118 downregulated genes) were identified for subsequent a series of analyses. Function enrichment analysis demonstrated that Rap1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway may play a significant role in pathogenesis of psoriasis and T2D. Finally, 3 important hub genes were selected by utilizing cytoHubba, including SNRPN, GNAS, IGF2. Our work reveals the potential common signaling pathways of psoriasis and T2D. These Hub genes and common signaling pathways provide insights for further investigation of molecular mechanism about psoriasis and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingfang Du
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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5
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Francia MG, Verneri P, Oses C, Vazquez Echegaray C, Garcia MR, Toro A, Levi V, Guberman AS. AKT1 induces Nanog promoter in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in different pluripotent contexts. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:309. [PMID: 37919788 PMCID: PMC10623886 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT/PKB is a kinase crucial for pluripotency maintenance in pluripotent stem cells. Multiple post-translational modifications modulate its activity. We have previously demonstrated that AKT1 induces the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here, we studied different cellular contexts and main candidates that could mediate this induction. Our results strongly suggest the pluripotency transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 are not essential mediators. Additionally, we concluded that this induction takes place in different pluripotent contexts but not in terminally differentiated cells. Finally, the cross-matching analysis of ESCs, iPSCs and MEFs transcriptomes and AKT1 phosphorylation targets provided new clues about possible factors that could be involved in the SUMOylation-dependent Nanog induction by AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Verneri
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mora Reneé Garcia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelen Toro
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Guiraldes 2160 Pab. 2, 4to Piso, QB-71, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Saini P, Anugula S, Fong YW. The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins in Stem Cell Pluripotency. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1868. [PMID: 37509507 PMCID: PMC10377311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are highly proliferative cells that can self-renew indefinitely in vitro. Upon receiving appropriate signals, PSCs undergo differentiation and can generate every cell type in the body. These unique properties of PSCs require specific gene expression patterns that define stem cell identity and dynamic regulation of intracellular metabolism to support cell growth and cell fate transitions. PSCs are prone to DNA damage due to elevated replicative and transcriptional stress. Therefore, mechanisms to prevent deleterious mutations in PSCs that compromise stem cell function or increase the risk of tumor formation from becoming amplified and propagated to progenitor cells are essential for embryonic development and for using PSCs including induced PSCs (iPSCs) as a cell source for regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily in maintaining PSC homeostasis, and propose how their activities can influence cellular signaling and stem cell fate decisions. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries that not all ABC family members perform only canonical metabolite and peptide transport functions in PSCs; rather, they can participate in diverse cellular processes from genome surveillance to gene transcription and mRNA translation, which are likely to maintain the pristine state of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Saini
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharath Anugula
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yick W. Fong
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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7
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Moverley AA, Plachta N. Shedding light on stem cells: Optogenetics uncover the role of ERK dynamics in pluripotency. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1005-1006. [PMID: 37339602 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Arekatla et al. use optogenetic technologies to dissect the roles of ERK and AKT dynamics in pluripotency. They show how mouse embryonic stem cells can retain memory of signaling events controlling their fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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8
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Sakthivel D, Brown-Suedel AN, Keane F, Huang S, Sherry KM, Charendoff CI, Dunne KP, Robichaux DJ, Le B, Shin CS, Carisey AF, Flanagan JM, Bouchier-Hayes L. Caspase-2 is essential for proliferation and self-renewal of nucleophosmin-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.542723. [PMID: 37398413 PMCID: PMC10312440 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.542723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutation in nucleophosmin (NPM1) causes relocalization of this normally nucleolar protein to the cytoplasm ( NPM1c+ ). Despite NPM1 mutation being the most common driver mutation in cytogenetically normal adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the mechanisms of NPM1c+-induced leukemogenesis remain unclear. Caspase-2 is a pro-apoptotic protein activated by NPM1 in the nucleolus. Here, we show that caspase-2 is also activated by NPM1c+ in the cytoplasm, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis is caspase-2-dependent in NPM1c+ AML but not in NPM1wt cells. Strikingly, in NPM1c+ cells, loss of caspase-2 results in profound cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and down-regulation of stem cell pathways that regulate pluripotency including impairment in the AKT/mTORC1 and Wnt signaling pathways. In contrast, there were minimal differences in proliferation, differentiation, or the transcriptional profile of NPM1wt cells with and without caspase-2. Together, these results show that caspase-2 is essential for proliferation and self-renewal of AML cells that have mutated NPM1. This study demonstrates that caspase-2 is a major effector of NPM1c+ function and may even be a druggable target to treat NPM1c+ AML and prevent relapse.
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9
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Arekatla G, Trenzinger C, Reimann A, Loeffler D, Kull T, Schroeder T. Optogenetic manipulation identifies the roles of ERK and AKT dynamics in controlling mouse embryonic stem cell exit from pluripotency. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00183-1. [PMID: 37207652 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ERK and AKT signaling control pluripotent cell self-renewal versus differentiation. ERK pathway activity over time (i.e., dynamics) is heterogeneous between individual pluripotent cells, even in response to the same stimuli. To analyze potential functions of ERK and AKT dynamics in controlling mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) fates, we developed ESC lines and experimental pipelines for the simultaneous long-term manipulation and quantification of ERK or AKT dynamics and cell fates. We show that ERK activity duration or amplitude or the type of ERK dynamics (e.g., transient, sustained, or oscillatory) alone does not influence exit from pluripotency, but the sum of activity over time does. Interestingly, cells retain memory of previous ERK pulses, with duration of memory retention dependent on duration of previous pulse length. FGF receptor/AKT dynamics counteract ERK-induced pluripotency exit. These findings improve our understanding of how cells integrate dynamics from multiple signaling pathways and translate them into cell fate cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethika Arekatla
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Trenzinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Reimann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kull
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Reimann A, Kull T, Wang W, Dettinger P, Loeffler D, Schroeder T. Embryonic stem cell ERK, AKT, plus STAT3 response dynamics combinatorics are heterogeneous but NANOG state independent. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00142-X. [PMID: 37207650 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling is central in cell fate regulation, and relevant information is encoded in its activity over time (i.e., dynamics). However, simultaneous dynamics quantification of several pathways in single mammalian stem cells has not yet been accomplished. Here we generate mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines simultaneously expressing fluorescent reporters for ERK, AKT, and STAT3 signaling activity, which all control pluripotency. We quantify their single-cell dynamics combinations in response to different self-renewal stimuli and find striking heterogeneity for all pathways, some dependent on cell cycle but not pluripotency states, even in ESC populations currently assumed to be highly homogeneous. Pathways are mostly independently regulated, but some context-dependent correlations exist. These quantifications reveal surprising single-cell heterogeneity in the important cell fate control layer of signaling dynamics combinations and raise fundamental questions about the role of signaling in (stem) cell fate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reimann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kull
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Dettinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Gabriel Francia M, Oses C, Lorena Roberti S, Reneé Garcia M, Helio Cozza L, Candelaria Diaz M, Levi V, Sonia Guberman A. SUMOylation and the oncogenic E17K mutation affect AKT1 subcellular distribution and impact on Nanog-binding dynamics to chromatin in embryonic stem cells. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107961. [PMID: 37059313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AKT/PKB is a kinase involved in the regulation of a plethora of cell processes. Particularly, in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), AKT is crucial for the maintenance of pluripotency. Although the activation of this kinase relies on its recruitment to the cellular membrane and subsequent phosphorylation, multiple other post-translational modifications (PTMs), including SUMOylation, fine-tune its activity and target specificity. Since this PTM can also modify the localization and availability of different proteins, in this work we explored if SUMOylation impacts on the subcellular compartmentalization and distribution of AKT1 in ESCs. We found that this PTM does not affect AKT1 membrane recruitment, but it modifies the AKT1 nucleus/cytoplasm distribution, increasing its nuclear presence. Additionally, within this compartment, we found that AKT1 SUMOylation also impacts on the chromatin-binding dynamics of NANOG, a central pluripotency transcription factor. Remarkably, the oncogenic E17K AKT1 mutant produces major changes in all these parameters increasing the binding of NANOG to its targets, also in a SUMOylation dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that SUMOylation modulates AKT1 subcellular distribution, thus adding an extra layer of regulation of its function, possibly by affecting the specificity and interaction with its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Reneé Garcia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Helio Cozza
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Candelaria Diaz
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Expression of Chrna9 is regulated by Tbx3 in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1611. [PMID: 36709241 PMCID: PMC9884305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signaling pathways affect the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. However, detail expression profiles of nAChR genes were unrevealed in these cells. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the gene expression of α subunit of nAChRs (Chrna) during differentiation and induction of pluripotent stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells expressed multiple Chrna genes (Chrna3-5, 7 and 9) in undifferentiated status. Among them, Chrna9 was markedly down-regulated upon the differentiation into mesenchymal cell lineage. In mouse tissues and cells, Chrna9 was mainly expressed in testes, ES cells and embryonal F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. Expression of Chrna9 gene was acutely reduced during differentiation of ES and F9 cells within 24 h. In contrast, Chrna9 expression was increased in induced pluripotent stem cells established from mouse embryonic fibroblast. It was shown by the reporter assays that T element-like sequence in the promoter region of Chrna9 gene is important for its activities in ES cells. Chrna9 was markedly reduced by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Tbx3, a pluripotency-related transcription factor of the T-box gene family. These results indicate that Chrna9 is a nAChR gene that are transcriptionally regulated by Tbx3 in undifferentiated pluripotent cells.
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Montané-Romero ME, Martínez-Silva AV, Poot-Hernández AC, Escalante-Alcalde D. Plpp3, a novel regulator of pluripotency exit and endodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biol Open 2023; 12:285908. [PMID: 36504260 PMCID: PMC9867895 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, study of the actions of bioactive lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has increased since they are involved in regulating many processes, including self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, embryo development and cancer. Phospholipid phosphatase type 3 (PLPP3) has been shown to be a key player in regulating the balance of these lipids and, in consequence, their signaling. Different lines of evidence suggest that PLPP3 could play a role in endoderm development. To approach this hypothesis, we used mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) as a model to study Plpp3 function in self-renewal and the transition towards differentiation. We found that lack of PLPP3 mainly affects endoderm formation during differentiation of suspension-formed embryoid bodies. PLPP3-deficient ESC strongly decrease the amount of FOXA2-expressing cells and fail to properly downregulate the expression of pluripotency factors when subjected to an endoderm-directed differentiation protocol. Impaired endoderm differentiation correlated with a transient reduction in nuclear localization of YAP1. These phenotypes were rescued by transiently restoring the expression of catalytically active hPLPP3. In conclusion, PLPP3 plays a role in downregulating pluripotency-associated factors and in endodermal differentiation. PLPP3 regulates proper lipid/YAP1 signaling required for endodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Montané-Romero
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Ana V. Martínez-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Augusto C. Poot-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Manejo de la Información, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México,Author for correspondence ()
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Qin SL, Guo Y, Li SX, Zhou L, Maimaiti A, Akemu Y, He J, Yao HX. The role of the TGF-β/LIF signaling pathway mediated by SMADs during the cyst formation of Echinococcus in young children. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:50. [PMID: 36443650 PMCID: PMC9706881 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to explore the correlation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein gene (SMAD) 2/3/4, and leukemia inhibitory factors (LIF) with the cyst formation of hepatic Echinococcus granulosus in young children. METHODS A total of 40 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for children's hydatid disease in people's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January 2020 and June 2021 were enrolled a s the study subjects. The cystic fluid of these children was collected as the case group and the corresponding infected viscera or pericystic tissue as the control group, with 40 cases in each group. In vitro cultured protoscolice of hydatid cyst, four groups including control group, LIF siRNA group, LIF factor group and SMAD4 siRNA group were divided by inhibiting TGF-β/SMADs signal pathway. Each assay was performed in triplicate. The expression of TGF-β, SMAD2/3/4 and LIF were detected. RESULTS The results of the clinical trial showed that the contents of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were increased in the case group compared with the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of TGF-β, Smad4, and LIF increased in the case group compared with the control group; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The results of further in vitro experiments, the expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD 2/3/4, and LIF after adding siRNA to interfere with Smad4 decreased in the case group compared with the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD2/3/4, and LIF increased after treatment with added LIF in the case group, and the expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD2/3/4, and LIF decreased after adding siRNA to interfere with LIF in the case group; the differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SMAD2 and SMAD3 have a certain clinical relevance with hydatidosis in young children. The LIF expression level may be related to the cystic transformation of protoscoleces. It has been suggested that the TGF-β/Smads/LIF signaling pathway may be present in the process of protoscoleces cyst formation; this provides a research basis for the prevention and treatment of post-infection parasitism of E. multilocularis eggs in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-li Qin
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Shui-Xue Li
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Ling Zhou
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Azguli Maimaiti
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Yusufu Akemu
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Jun He
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Hai-Xia Yao
- grid.513202.7Department of pediatric surgery, people’s Hospital, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China ,Department of general surgery, Children’s Hospital, Xinjiang, 830000 Uygur Autonomous Region China
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15
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Memon B, Elsayed AK, Bettahi I, Suleiman N, Younis I, Wehedy E, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. iPSCs derived from insulin resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic patients show increased oxidative stress and lactate secretion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:428. [PMID: 35987697 PMCID: PMC9392338 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The genetic factors associated with insulin resistance (IR) are not well understood. Clinical studies on first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, which have the highest genetic predisposition to T2D, have given insights into the role of IR in T2D pathogenesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are excellent tools for disease modeling as they can retain the genetic imprint of the disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic perturbations associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the offspring of T2D parents using patient-specific iPSCs.
Methods
We generated iPSCs from IR individuals (IR-iPSCs) that were offspring of T2D parents as well as from insulin-sensitive (IS-iPSCs) individuals. We then performed transcriptomics to identify key dysregulated gene networks in the IR-iPSCs in comparison to IS-iPSCs and functionally validated them.
Results
Transcriptomics on IR-iPSCs revealed dysregulated gene networks and biological processes indicating that they carry the genetic defects associated with IR that may lead to T2D. The IR-iPSCs had increased lactate secretion and a higher phosphorylation of AKT upon stimulation with insulin. IR-iPSCs have increased cellular oxidative stress indicated by a high production of reactive oxygen species and higher susceptibility to H2O2 -induced apoptosis.
Conclusions
IR-iPSCs generated from offspring of diabetic patients confirm that oxidative stress and increased lactate secretion, associated with IR, are inherited in this population, and may place them at a high risk of T2D. Overall, our IR-iPSC model can be employed for T2D modeling and drug screening studies that target genetic perturbations associated with IR in individuals with a high risk for T2D.
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16
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Guan Z, Liang Y, Wang X, Zhu Z, Yang A, Li S, Yu J, Niu B, Wang J. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Clinical Drugs-Induced Neural Tube Defects Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3709-3722. [PMID: 35960485 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate (MTX), raltitrexed (RTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), hydroxyurea (HU), and retinoic acid (RA), and valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic drug, all can cause malformations in the developing central nervous system (CNS), such as neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the common pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of NTDs caused by MTX, RTX, 5-FU, HU, RA, and VPA (MRFHRV), based on network pharmacology and molecular biology experiments. The MRFHRV targets were integrated with disease targets, to find the potential molecules related to MRFHRV-induced NTDs. Protein-protein interaction analysis and molecular docking were performed to analyze these common targets. Utilizing the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways, we analyzed and searched the possible causative pathogenic mechanisms by crucial targets and the signaling pathway. Results showed that MRFHRV induced NTDs through several key targets (including TP53, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, GRB2, HDAC1, EGFR, PIK3CA, RXRA, and FYN) and multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that abnormal proliferation and differentiation could be critical pathogenic contributors in NTDs induced by MRFHRV. These results were further validated by CCK8 assay in mouse embryonic stem cells and GFAP staining in embryonic brain tissue. This study indicated that chemotherapeutic and antiepileptic agents induced NTDs might through predicted targets TP53, MAPK1, GRB2, HDAC1, EGFR, PIK3CA, RXRA, and FYN and multiple signaling pathways. More caution was required for the clinical administration for women with childbearing potential and pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yingchao Liang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Aiyun Yang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shen Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jialu Yu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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17
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Chen G, Yin S, Zeng H, Li H, Wan X. Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081151. [PMID: 36013330 PMCID: PMC9410528 DOI: 10.3390/life12081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a type of cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. The self-renewal of ESCs is regulated by factors including signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, cytokines, and small molecular compounds. Similarly, non-coding RNAs, small RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) also play an important role in the process. Functionally, the core transcription factors interact with helper transcription factors to activate the expression of genes that contribute to maintaining pluripotency, while suppressing the expression of differentiation-related genes. Additionally, cytokines such as leukemia suppressor factor (LIF) stimulate downstream signaling pathways and promote self-renewal of ESCs. Particularly, LIF binds to its receptor (LIFR/gp130) to trigger the downstream Jak-Stat3 signaling pathway. BMP4 activates the downstream pathway and acts in combination with Jak-Stat3 to promote pluripotency of ESCs in the absence of serum. In addition, activation of the Wnt-FDZ signaling pathway has been observed to facilitate the self-renewal of ESCs. Small molecule modulator proteins of the pathway mentioned above are widely used in in vitro culture of stem cells. Multiple epigenetic regulators are involved in the maintenance of ESCs self-renewal, making the epigenetic status of ESCs a crucial factor in this process. Similarly, non-coding RNAs and cellular energetics have been described to promote the maintenance of the ESC's self-renewal. These factors regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs by forming signaling networks. This review focused on the role of major transcription factors, signaling pathways, small molecular compounds, epigenetic regulators, non-coding RNAs, and cellular energetics in ESC's self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Shasha Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
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18
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Cheng F, Li M, Thorne RF, Liu G, Yuwei Z, Wu M, Liu L. P21-activated kinase 4 Pak4 maintains embryonic stem cell pluripotency via Akt activation. Stem Cells 2022; 40:892-905. [PMID: 35896382 PMCID: PMC9585903 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the pluripotent properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, directing ESC differentiation into specialized cell lineages requires intricate control governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors along with the actions of specific signaling networks. Here, we reveal the involvement of the p21-activated kinase 4 (Pak4), a serine/threonine kinase, in sustaining murine ESC (mESC) pluripotency. Pak4 is highly expressed in R1 ESC cells compared with embryonic fibroblast cells and its expression is progressively decreased during differentiation. Manipulations using knockdown and overexpression demonstrated a positive relationship between Pak4 expression and the clonogenic potential of mESCs. Moreover, ectopic Pak4 expression increases reprogramming efficiency of Oct4-Klf4-Sox2-Myc-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) whereas Pak4-knockdown iPSCs were largely incapable of generating teratomas containing mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal tissues, indicative of a failure in differentiation. We further establish that Pak4 expression in mESCs is transcriptionally driven by the core pluripotency factor Nanog which recognizes specific binding motifs in the Pak4 proximal promoter region. In turn, the increased levels of Pak4 in mESCs fundamentally act as an upstream activator of the Akt pathway. Pak4 directly binds to and phosphorylates Akt at Ser473 with the resulting Akt activation shown to attenuate downstream GSK3β signaling. Thus, our findings indicate that the Nanog-Pak4-Akt signaling axis is essential for maintaining mESC self-renewal potential with further importance shown during somatic cell reprogramming where Pak4 appears indispensable for multi-lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Cheng
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the first affiliated hospital of University of Science & Technology of China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the first affiliated hospital of University of Science & Technology of China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rick Francis Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Henan key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhang Yuwei
- Henan key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the first affiliated hospital of University of Science & Technology of China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Hefei, Anhui, China.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the first affiliated hospital of University of Science & Technology of China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Hefei, Anhui, China
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19
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Babaei-Abraki S, Karamali F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria in Maintaining Redox Status and Glycolytic Metabolism in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1789-1808. [PMID: 35141862 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), can be applicable for regenerative medicine. They strangely rely on glycolysis metabolism akin to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Upon differentiation, PSCs undergo a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The metabolic shift depends on organelles maturation, transcriptome modification, and metabolic switching. Besides, metabolism-driven chromatin regulation is necessary for cell survival, self-renewal, proliferation, senescence, and differentiation. In this respect, mitochondria may serve as key organelle to adapt environmental changes with metabolic intermediates which are necessary for maintaining PSCs identity. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is another organelle whose role in cellular identity remains under-explored. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent progress on these two organelles' role in maintaining PSCs redox status focusing on metabolism. Topics include redox status, metabolism regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and ER stress in PSCs. They relate to the maintenance of stem cell properties and subsequent differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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20
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Deng L, Yi S, Yin X, Li Y, Luan Q. Downregulating MFN2 promotes the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stem cells via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Wnt signaling pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:181-194. [PMID: 35088597 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promoting the production efficiency of iPSC-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) are critical to periodontal tissue engineering. However, the gene networks that control this differentiation process from iPSCs into MSCs are poorly understood. We demonstrated that MFN2 knockdown showed a positive effect on the triploblastic and MSC differentiation from iPSCs. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by MFN2 knockdown activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting GSK-3β and reducing β-catenin degradation. Inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway normalized the enhanced efficiency of differentiation into MSCs of MFN2-KD iPSCs and Wnt activator treated control iPSCs. MFN2-OE iPSCs displayed an opposite phenotype. In conclusion, downregulating MFN2 promotes the differentiation of iPSCs into MSCs by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Wnt signaling pathway. Our results reveal a crucial function and mechanism for MFN2 in regulating MSC differentiation from iPSCs, which will provide new ideas for periodontal tissue engineering and periodontal regenerative treatment by using iPSC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Deng
- Peking University, 12465, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District,, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Siqi Yi
- Peking University, 12465, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District,, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- Peking University, 12465, Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Yang Li
- Peking University, 12465, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University,, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Peking University, 12465, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District,, Beijing, Beijing, China;
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21
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Luo W, Yang J. Schizophrenia predisposition gene Unc-51-like kinase 4 for the improvement of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2933-2943. [PMID: 35083612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) has complex pathogenesis, and inhibiting apoptosis and supporting neural progenitor proliferation are extremely beneficial strategies for treating CIRI. Unc-51-like kinase 4 (ULK4), a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, promotes neural progenitors proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a critical role in CIRI via inhibition of apoptosis. Therefore, the relationship among ULK4, the PI3K pathway, and apoptosis in the context of CIRI has attracted our great interest. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), and rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Transfection of the ULK4-overexpression lentivirus was performed alone or in combination with PI3K inhibitor treatment. Here, we revealed that ULK4 was poorly expressed in the cortex in MCAO/R rats and OGD/R-treated primary cortical neurons, ULK4 overexpression inhibited apoptosis, and reduced neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume, and histopathological damage. Moreover, ULK4 overexpression increased PI3K expression and the p-protein kinase B/AKT and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/GSK3β ratios, and inhibited apoptosis, while a PI3K inhibitor reversed the effects of ULK4 overexpression on CIRI. CONCLUSIONS ULK4 protects against CIRI, and the underlying mechanism involves PI3K pathway activation which in turn inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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22
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Hassan G, Seno M. ERBB Signaling Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:65-81. [PMID: 36587302 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was first tyrosine kinase receptor linked to human cancers. EGFR or ERBB1 is a member of ERBB subfamily, which consists of four type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, ERBB1, 2, 3 and 4. ERBBs form homo/heterodimers after ligand binding except ERBB2 and consequently becomes activated. Different signal pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, phospholipase Cγ and JAK-STAT, are triggered by ERBB activation. Since ERBBs, through these pathways, regulate stemness and differentiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their roles in CSC tumorigenicity have extensively been investigated. The hyperactivation of ERBBs and its downstream pathways stimulated by either genetic and/or epigenetic factors are frequently described in many types of human cancers. Their dysregulations make cells acquiring CSC characters such as survival, tumorigenicity and stemness. Because of the roles in tumor growth and progress, ERBBs are considered to be one of the drug targets as cancer treatment strategy. In this chapter, we will summarize the structure, function and roles of ERBB subfamily along with their relative pathways regulating the stemness and tumorigenicity of CSCs. Finally, we will discuss the targeting therapy strategies of cancer along with ERBBs in addition to some challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Laboratory of Natural Food and Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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23
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Cha Y, Kim T, Jeon J, Jang Y, Kim PB, Lopes C, Leblanc P, Cohen BM, Kim KS. SIRT2 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and reprogramming via MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and AKT1-DRP1 axes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110155. [PMID: 34965411 PMCID: PMC8780843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During somatic reprogramming, cellular energy metabolism fundamentally switches from predominantly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis. This metabolic reprogramming, also called the Warburg effect, is critical for the induction of pluripotency, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Notably, SIRT2 is consistently downregulated during the reprogramming process and regulates glycolytic switch. Here, we report that downregulation of SIRT2 increases acetylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase-1 (MEK1) at Lys175, resulting in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and subsequent activation of the pro-fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). In parallel, downregulation of SIRT2 hyperacetylates the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT1 at Lys20 in a non-canonical way, activating DRP1 and metabolic reprogramming. Together, our study identified two axes, SIRT2-MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and SIRT2-AKT1-DRP1, that critically link mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation to the somatic reprogramming process. These upstream signals, together with SIRT2’s role in glycolytic switching, may underlie the Warburg effect observed in human somatic cell reprogramming. Mitochondrial remodeling has critical roles for the somatic cell reprogramming process. Cha et al. report the functional role of SIRT2 in mitochondrial dynamics and remodeling during the human somatic cell reprogramming process. They identify two axes, SIRT2-MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and SIRT2-AKT1-DRP1, that link SIRT2 downregulation to mitochondrial remodeling and somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jeha Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Patrick B Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Claudia Lopes
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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24
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Razani E, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Safaroghli-Azar A, Zoghi A, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis in Alzheimer's disease: a valuable target to stimulate or suppress? Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:871-887. [PMID: 34386944 PMCID: PMC8578535 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the long list of age-related complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has the most dreadful impact on the quality of life due to its devastating effects on memory and cognitive abilities. Although a plausible correlation between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and different processes involved in neurodegeneration has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K pathway plays pro-survival roles in normal conditions, and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. Responses to questions on how alterations of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway affect Tau phosphorylation and the amyloid cascade are given. In addition, we provide a general overview of the association between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, alterations of insulin signaling, and altered autophagy with aberrant activation of this axis in the AD brain. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic possibility of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR modulators, either categorized as chemicals or herbals, in AD. In conclusion, determining the correct timing for the administration of the drugs seems to be one of the most important factors in the success of these agents. Also, the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in the progression or repression of AD widely depends on the context of the cells; generally speaking, while PI3K/Akt activation in neurons and neural stem cells is favorable, its activation in microglia cells may be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Razani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Zoghi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Sekita Y, Sugiura Y, Matsumoto A, Kawasaki Y, Akasaka K, Konno R, Shimizu M, Ito T, Sugiyama E, Yamazaki T, Kanai E, Nakamura T, Suematsu M, Ishino F, Kodera Y, Kohda T, Kimura T. AKT signaling is associated with epigenetic reprogramming via the upregulation of TET and its cofactor, alpha-ketoglutarate during iPSC generation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:510. [PMID: 34563253 PMCID: PMC8467031 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling participates in cellular proliferation, survival and tumorigenesis. The activation of AKT signaling promotes the cellular reprogramming including generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and dedifferentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Previous studies suggested that AKT promotes reprogramming by activating proliferation and glycolysis. Here we report a line of evidence that supports the notion that AKT signaling is involved in TET-mediated DNA demethylation during iPSC induction. Methods AKT signaling was activated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that were transduced with OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4. Multiomics analyses were conducted in this system to examine the effects of AKT activation on cells undergoing reprogramming. Results We revealed that cells undergoing reprogramming with artificially activated AKT exhibit enhanced anabolic glucose metabolism and accordingly increased level of cytosolic α-ketoglutarate (αKG), which is an essential cofactor for the enzymatic activity of the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) dioxygenase TET. Additionally, the level of TET is upregulated. Consistent with the upregulation of αKG production and TET, we observed a genome-wide increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which is an intermediate in DNA demethylation. Moreover, the DNA methylation level of ES-cell super-enhancers of pluripotency-related genes is significantly decreased, leading to the upregulation of associated genes. Finally, the transduction of TET and the administration of cell-permeable αKG to somatic cells synergistically enhance cell reprogramming by Yamanaka factors. Conclusion These results suggest the possibility that the activation of AKT during somatic cell reprogramming promotes epigenetic reprogramming through the hyperactivation of TET at the transcriptional and catalytic levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02578-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sekita
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akari Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akasaka
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Department of Physics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Momoka Shimizu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ito
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Terushi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Eriko Kanai
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nakamura
- Laboratory for Epigenetic Regulation, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama-shi, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ishino
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Department of Physics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,Center for Disease Proteomics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohda
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Laboratory of Embryology and Genomics, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
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26
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Yue X, Wu F, Wang J, Kim K, Santhamma B, Dileep KV, Zhang KYJ, Viswanadhapalli S, Vadlamudi RK, Ahmed G, Feng Z, Nickisch K, Hu W. EC330, a small-molecule compound, is a potential novel inhibitor of LIF signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:477-480. [PMID: 32221559 PMCID: PMC7333478 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuetian Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Fangnan Wu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | | | - Kalarickal V Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Zhaohui Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | | | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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27
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Au HK, Peng SW, Guo CL, Lin CC, Wang YL, Kuo YC, Law TY, Ho HN, Ling TY, Huang YH. Niche Laminin and IGF-1 Additively Coordinate the Maintenance of Oct-4 Through CD49f/IGF-1R-Hif-2α Feedforward Loop in Mouse Germline Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646644. [PMID: 34381769 PMCID: PMC8351907 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism on how extracellular matrix (ECM) cooperates with niche growth factors and oxygen tension to regulate the self-renewal of embryonic germline stem cells (GSCs) still remains unclear. Lacking of an appropriate in vitro cell model dramatically hinders the progress. Herein, using a serum-free culture system, we demonstrated that ECM laminin cooperated with hypoxia and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) to additively maintain AP activity and Oct-4 expression of AP+GSCs. We found the laminin receptor CD49f expression in d2 testicular GSCs that were surrounded by laminin. Laminin and hypoxia significantly increased the GSC stemness-related genes, including Hif-2α, Oct-4, IGF-1R, and CD49f. Cotreatment of IGF-1 and laminin additively increased the expression of IGF-IR, CD49f, Hif-2α, and Oct-4. Conversely, silencing IGF-1R and/or CD49f decreased the expression of Hif-2α and Oct-4. The underlying mechanism involved CD49f/IGF1R-(PI3K/AKT)-Hif-2α signaling loop, which in turn maintains Oct-4 expression, symmetric self-renewal, and cell migration. These findings reveal the additive niche laminin/IGF-IR network during early GSC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Kien Au
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Wei Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Guo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsz-Yau Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Wang H, Si S, Jiang M, Chen L, Huang K, Yu W. Leukemia inhibitory factor is involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:663. [PMID: 34386085 PMCID: PMC8299032 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a tumor promoter in several cancer types. However, the role of LIF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be explored. The present study explored the hypothesis that LIF is important for NSCLC development by measuring LIF expression and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in tumor samples derived from patients with NSCLC. The association between LIF expression and clinical features was analyzed in two cancer subtypes. The effects of LIF on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were also evaluated in a NSCLC-derived cell line, A549. LIF mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with those in the corresponding adjacent and normal lung tissues. Regarding NSCLC subtypes, LIF expression was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma tissues. It was also found that phosphorylated-STAT3 levels were higher in tumor tissues compared with those in the corresponding adjacent and normal lung tissues, which was in agreement with the LIF expression levels in NSCLC tissues. Clinically, overexpression of LIF was positively correlated with aggressive tumor characteristics, including lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. In A549 cells, LIF treatment enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. LIF also increased STAT3 phosphorylation in A549 cells, and the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic decreased A549 cell migration and invasion following LIF stimulation. The present results demonstrate that LIF is overexpressed in NSCLC, and that LIF can promote NSCLC development through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study indicates that LIF may serve as a potential prognostic marker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Sai'nv Si
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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29
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Francia M, Stortz M, Echegaray CV, Oses C, Verneri P, Petrone MV, Toro A, Waisman A, Miriuka S, Cosentino MS, Levi V, Guberman A. SUMO conjugation susceptibility of Akt/protein kinase B affects the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254447. [PMID: 34242346 PMCID: PMC8270172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/PKB is a kinase involved in the regulation of a wide variety of cell processes. Its activity is modulated by diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs). Particularly, conjugation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to this kinase impacts on multiple cellular functions, such as proliferation and splicing. In embryonic stem (ES) cells, this kinase is key for pluripotency maintenance. Among other functions, Akt is known to promote the expression of Nanog, a central pluripotency transcription factor (TF). However, the relevance of this specific PTM of Akt has not been previously analyzed in this context. In this work, we study the effect of Akt1 variants with differential SUMOylation susceptibility on the expression of Nanog. Our results demonstrate that both, the Akt1 capability of being modified by SUMO conjugation and a functional SUMO conjugase activity are required to induce Nanog gene expression. Likewise, we found that the common oncogenic E17K Akt1 mutant affected Nanog expression in ES cells also in a SUMOylatability dependent manner. Interestingly, this outcome takes places in ES cells but not in a non-pluripotent heterologous system, suggesting the presence of a crucial factor for this induction in ES cells. Remarkably, the two major candidate factors to mediate this induction, GSK3-β and Tbx3, are non-essential players of this effect, suggesting a complex mechanism probably involving non-canonical pathways. Furthermore, we found that Akt1 subcellular distribution does not depend on its SUMOylatability, indicating that Akt localization has no influence on the effect on Nanog, and that besides the membrane localization of E17K Akt mutant, SUMOylation is also required for its hyperactivity. Our results highlight the impact of SUMO conjugation in the function of a kinase relevant for a plethora of cellular processes, including the control of a key pluripotency TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Stortz
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Verneri
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Petrone
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelen Toro
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Waisman
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (LIAN, FLENI-CONICET), Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Miriuka
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (LIAN, FLENI-CONICET), Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Cosentino
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Kim IG, Lee JH, Kim SY, Heo CK, Kim RK, Cho EW. Targeting therapy-resistant lung cancer stem cells via disruption of the AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN positive-feedback loop. Commun Biol 2021; 4:778. [PMID: 34163000 PMCID: PMC8222406 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as essential targets to overcome tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; however, practical targeting approaches are limited. Here, we identify testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as an upstream regulator of CSC-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and suggest as a therapeutic target for CSC elimination. TSPYL5 elevation is driven by AKT-dependent TSPYL5 phosphorylation at threonine-120 and stabilization via inhibiting its ubiquitination. TSPYL5-pT120 also induces nuclear translocation and functions as a transcriptional activator of CSC-associated genes, ALDH1 and CD44. Also, nuclear TSPYL5 suppresses the transcription of PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. TSPYL5-pT120 maintains persistent CSC-like characteristics via transcriptional activation of CSC-associated genes and a positive feedback loop consisting of AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN signaling pathway. Accordingly, elimination of TSPYL5 by inhibiting TSPYL5-pT120 can block aberrant AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN cyclic signaling and TSPYL5-mediated cancer stemness regulation. Our study suggests TSPYL5 be an effective target for therapy-resistant cancer. In order to assist the development of cancer stem cell (CSC) therapy, Kim et al identified testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as an upstream regulator of CSC-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells. They demonstrated in cancer cell lines and in vivo that TSPYL5 activity is dependent on AKT signalling and that disruption of TSPYL5 signalling could serve as a potential strategy to tackle therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Jei-Ha Lee
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Heo
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Wie Cho
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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31
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Kim K, Park S, Kim H, Min S, Ku S, Seo J, Roh S. Enterococcus faecium L-15 Extract Enhances the Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Mouse Skin-Derived Precursor Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1492-1501. [PMID: 32162154 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the gastrointestinal tract have beneficial health effects. LAB activate the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and speed the recovery of damaged intestinal cells, but little is known about effect of LAB on other adult stem cells. In this study, a cell-free extract of Enterococcus faecium L-15 (L15) was exposed to mouse skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs), and the changes in characteristics associated with proliferation and self-renewal capacity were investigated. L15 increased the size of the spheres and the proliferation rate of SKPs. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cells in the S-phase increased after treatment with L15. In the L15-treated group, the total number of spheres significantly increased. The expression level of pluripotency marker genes also increased, while the mesenchymal lineage-related differentiation marker genes significantly decreased in the L15-treated group. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated by L15 in SKPs. These results indicate that L15 enhances proliferation and self-renewal of SKPs and may be used as a supplement for stem cell maintenance or application of stem cell therapy. This is the first report to investigate the functional effects of E. faecium on the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of SKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Neoregen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 16614, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Neoregen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 16614, South Korea.
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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32
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Soh R, Hardy A, Zur Nieden NI. The FOXO signaling axis displays conjoined functions in redox homeostasis and stemness. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:224-237. [PMID: 33878426 PMCID: PMC9910585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous views of reactive oxygen species (ROS) depicted them as harmful byproducts of metabolism as uncontrolled levels of ROS can lead to DNA damage and cell death. However, recent studies have shed light into the key role of ROS in the self-renewal or differentiation of the stem cell. The interplay between ROS levels, metabolism, and the downstream redox signaling pathways influence stem cell fate. In this review we will define ROS, explain how they are generated, and how ROS signaling can influence transcription factors, first and foremost forkhead box-O transcription factors, that shape not only the cellular redox state, but also stem cell fate. Now that studies have illustrated the importance of redox homeostasis and the role of redox signaling, understanding the mechanisms behind this interplay will further shed light into stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthia Soh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Hardy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA; Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA.
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33
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Teng Y, Fan Y, Ma J, Lu W, Liu N, Chen Y, Pan W, Tao X. The PI3K/Akt Pathway: Emerging Roles in Skin Homeostasis and a Group of Non-Malignant Skin Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051219. [PMID: 34067630 PMCID: PMC8156939 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, along with angiogenesis and metabolism. Additionally, it could mediate skin development and homeostasis. There is much evidence to suggest that dysregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway is frequently associated with several human cutaneous malignancies like malignant melanoma (MM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as their poor outcomes. Nevertheless, emerging roles of PI3K/Akt pathway cascade in a group of common non-malignant skin disorders including acne and psoriasis, among others, have been recognized. The enhanced understanding of dysfunction of PI3K/Akt pathway in patients with these non-malignant disorders has offered a solid foundation for the progress of updated therapeutic targets. This article reviews the latest advances in the roles of PI3K/Akt pathway and their targets in the skin homeostasis and progression of a wide range of non-malignant skin disorders and describes the current progress in preclinical and clinical researches on the involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (J.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (J.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (J.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (J.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Na Liu
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China; (N.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingfang Chen
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China; (N.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Weili Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (J.M.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (J.M.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (X.T.)
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34
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Genolet O, Monaco AA, Dunkel I, Boettcher M, Schulz EG. Identification of X-chromosomal genes that drive sex differences in embryonic stem cells through a hierarchical CRISPR screening approach. Genome Biol 2021; 22:110. [PMID: 33863351 PMCID: PMC8051100 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-chromosomal genes contribute to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. Double X-dosage shifts female pluripotent cells towards the naive stem cell state by increasing pluripotency factor expression, inhibiting the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and delaying differentiation. RESULTS To identify the genetic basis of these sex differences, we use a two-step CRISPR screening approach to comprehensively identify X-linked genes that cause the female pluripotency phenotype in murine embryonic stem cells. A primary chromosome-wide CRISPR knockout screen and three secondary screens assaying for different aspects of the female pluripotency phenotype allow us to uncover multiple genes that act in concert and to disentangle their relative roles. Among them, we identify Dusp9 and Klhl13 as two central players. While Dusp9 mainly affects MAPK pathway intermediates, Klhl13 promotes pluripotency factor expression and delays differentiation, with both factors jointly repressing MAPK target gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Here, we elucidate the mechanisms that drive sex-induced differences in pluripotent cells and our approach serves as a blueprint to discover the genetic basis of the phenotypic consequences of other chromosomal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Genolet
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna A Monaco
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Present address: BIMSB, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilona Dunkel
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Edda G Schulz
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Li YY, Guo L, Li H, Lei WL, Fan LH, Ouyang YC, Hou Y, Wang ZB, Sun QY, Lu SS, Han Z. PTHrP promotes development of mouse preimplantation embryos through the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway and nuclear translocation of HDAC4. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7001-7013. [PMID: 33724469 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), the main cause of humoral hypercalcemia in malignancies, promotes cell proliferation and delays terminal cell maturation during embryonic development. Our previous study reported that PTHrP plays important roles in blastocyst formation, pluripotency gene expression, and histone acetylation during mouse preimplantation embryonic development. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of preimplantation embryonic development regulated by PTHrP. Our results showed that Pthrp depletion decreased both the developmental rate of embryos at the cleavage stage and the cell number of morula-stage embryos. Pthrp-depleted embryos had significantly decreased levels of cyclin D1, phospho (p)-AKT (Thr308) and E2F1. However, Pthrp depletion did not cause significant changes in CDK4, β-catenin or RUNX2 expression. In addition, our results indicated that Pthrp depletion promoted HDAC4 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cleavage-stage embryos by stimulating the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which resulted in dephosphorylation of HDAC4. Taken together, these results suggest that PTHrP regulates cleavage division progression and blastocyst formation through the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway and that PTHrP modulates histone acetylation patterns through nuclear translocation of HDAC4 via PP2A-dependent HDAC4 dephosphorylation during preimplantation embryonic development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Lu
- Agri-animal Industrial Development Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
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36
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Lackner A, Sehlke R, Garmhausen M, Giuseppe Stirparo G, Huth M, Titz-Teixeira F, van der Lelij P, Ramesmayer J, Thomas HF, Ralser M, Santini L, Galimberti E, Sarov M, Stewart AF, Smith A, Beyer A, Leeb M. Cooperative genetic networks drive embryonic stem cell transition from naïve to formative pluripotency. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105776. [PMID: 33687089 PMCID: PMC8047444 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian embryo, epiblast cells must exit the naïve state and acquire formative pluripotency. This cell state transition is recapitulated by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which undergo pluripotency progression in defined conditions in vitro. However, our understanding of the molecular cascades and gene networks involved in the exit from naïve pluripotency remains fragmentary. Here, we employed a combination of genetic screens in haploid ESCs, CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption, large‐scale transcriptomics and computational systems biology to delineate the regulatory circuits governing naïve state exit. Transcriptome profiles for 73 ESC lines deficient for regulators of the exit from naïve pluripotency predominantly manifest delays on the trajectory from naïve to formative epiblast. We find that gene networks operative in ESCs are also active during transition from pre‐ to post‐implantation epiblast in utero. We identified 496 naïve state‐associated genes tightly connected to the in vivo epiblast state transition and largely conserved in primate embryos. Integrated analysis of mutant transcriptomes revealed funnelling of multiple gene activities into discrete regulatory modules. Finally, we delineate how intersections with signalling pathways direct this pivotal mammalian cell state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lackner
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Sehlke
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marius Garmhausen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michelle Huth
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Titz-Teixeira
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra van der Lelij
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Ramesmayer
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry F Thomas
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meryem Ralser
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Santini
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Galimberti
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mihail Sarov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Leeb
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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37
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McKee C, Brown C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Govind CK, Chaudhry GR. Transcriptomic Analysis of Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Three-Dimensional PEG Scaffolds. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E21. [PMID: 33379237 PMCID: PMC7824559 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by improved viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity in comparison to traditionally derived primed human ESCs. However, currently used two-dimensional (2-D) cell culture techniques fail to mimic the three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo microenvironment, altering morphological and molecular characteristics of ESCs. Here, we describe the use of 3-D self-assembling scaffolds that support growth and maintenance of the naïve state characteristics of ESC line, Elf1. Scaffolds were formed via a Michael addition reaction upon the combination of two 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with thiol (PEG-8-SH) and acrylate (PEG-8-Acr) end groups. 3-D scaffold environment maintained the naïve state and supported the long-term growth of ESCs. RNA-sequencing demonstrated significant changes in gene expression profiles between 2-D and 3-D grown cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of biological processes involved in the regulation of transcription and translation, extracellular matrix organization, and chromatin remodeling in 3-D grown cells. 3-D culture conditions also induced upregulation of genes associated with Wnt and focal adhesion signaling, while p53 signaling pathway associated genes were downregulated. Our findings, for the first time, provide insight into the possible mechanisms of self-renewal of naïve ESCs stimulated by the transduction of mechanical signals from the 3-D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Shreeya Bakshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Chhabi K. Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - G. Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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38
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The emerging role of leukemia inhibitory factor in cancer and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107754. [PMID: 33259884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily. Initially identified as a factor that inhibits the proliferation of murine myeloid leukemia cells, LIF displays a wide variety of important functions in a cell-, tissue- and context-dependent manner in many physiological and pathological processes, including regulating cell proliferation, pluripotent stem cell self-renewal, tissue/organ development and regeneration, neurogenesis and neural regeneration, maternal reproduction, inflammation, infection, immune response, and metabolism. Emerging evidence has shown that LIF plays an important but complex role in human cancers; while LIF displays a tumor suppressive function in some types of cancers, including leukemia, LIF is overexpressed and exerts an oncogenic function in many more types of cancers. Further, targeting LIF has been actively investigated as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent advances in the studies on LIF in human cancers and its potential application in cancer therapy. A better understanding of the role of LIF in different types of cancers and its underlying mechanisms will help to develop more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
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39
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Endo Y, Kamei KI, Inoue-Murayama M. Genetic Signatures of Evolution of the Pluripotency Gene Regulating Network across Mammals. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1806-1818. [PMID: 32780791 PMCID: PMC7643368 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have distinct molecular and biological characteristics among species, but to date we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory network evolution in mammals. Here, we carried out a comparative genetic analysis of 134 genes constituting the pluripotency gene regulatory network across 48 mammalian species covering all the major taxonomic groups. We report that mammalian genes in the pluripotency regulatory network show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis, suggesting the conservation of fundamental biological process of mammalian PSCs across species. Nevertheless, despite the overall conservation of the regulatory network, we discovered rapid evolution of the downstream targets of the core regulatory elements and specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection. Our data indicate development of lineage-specific pluripotency regulating networks that may explain observed variations in some characteristics of mammalian PSCs. We further revealed that positively selected genes could be associated with species' unique adaptive characteristics that were not dedicated to regulation of PSCs. These results provide important insight into the evolution of the pluripotency gene regulatory network underlying variations in characteristics of mammalian PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Japan
- Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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40
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Ye SD. Inhibition of protein kinase D by CID755673 promotes maintenance of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Development 2020; 147:dev185264. [PMID: 32747433 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel mechanisms to maintain embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency is of crucial importance, because the currently used culture conditions are not suitable for ESCs from all species. In this study, we show that the protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor CID755673 (CID) is able to maintain the undifferentiated state of mouse ESCs in combination with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor. The expression levels of PKD members, including PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3, were low in mouse ESCs but significantly increased under differentiation conditions. Therefore, depletion of three PKD genes was able to phenocopy PKD inhibition. Mechanistically, PKD inhibition activated PI3K/AKT signaling by increasing the level of AKT phosphorylation, and the addition of a PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor partially reduced the cellular response to PKD inhibition. Importantly, the self-renewal-promoting effect of CID was maintained in human ESCs. Simultaneous knockdown of the three human PKD isoforms enabled short-term self-renewal in human ESCs, whereas PI3K/AKT signaling inhibition eliminated this self-renewal ability downstream of the PKD inhibitor. These findings expand our understanding of the gene regulatory network of ESC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Dong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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41
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Yang J, Jiang W. The Role of SMAD2/3 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:653. [PMID: 32850796 PMCID: PMC7396709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the potential of long-term self-renewal and three primary germ layers differentiation, and thus hESCs are expected to have broad applications in cell therapy, drug screening and basic research on human early embryonic development. Many efforts have been put to dissect the regulation of pluripotency and direct differentiation of hESCs. TGFβ/Activin/Nodal signal pathway critically regulates pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation through the main signal transducer SMAD2/3 in hESCs, but the action manners of SMAD2/3 in hESCs are sophisticated and not documented yet. Here we review and discuss the roles of SMAD2/3 in hESC pluripotency maintenance and differentiation initiation separately. We summarize that SMAD2/3 regulates pluripotency and differentiation mainly through four aspects, (1) controlling divergent transcriptional networks of pluripotency and differentiation; (2) interacting with chromatin modifiers to make the chromatin accessible or recruiting METTL3-METTL14-WTAP complex and depositing m6A to the mRNA of pluripotency genes; (3) acting as a transcription factor to activate endoderm-specific genes to thus initiate definitive endoderm differentiation, which happens as cyclin D/CDK4/6 downstream target in later G1 phase as well; (4) interacting with endoderm specific lncRNAs to promote differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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42
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Madsen RR. PI3K in stemness regulation: from development to cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:301-315. [PMID: 32010943 PMCID: PMC7054754 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is a key target in oncology where most efforts are focussed on phenotypes such as cell proliferation and survival. Comparatively, little attention has been paid to PI3K in stemness regulation, despite the emerging link between acquisition of stem cell-like features and therapeutic failure in cancer. The aim of this review is to summarise current known and unknowns of PI3K-dependent stemness regulation, by integrating knowledge from the fields of developmental, signalling and cancer biology. Particular attention is given to the role of the PI3K pathway in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and the emerging parallels to dedifferentiated cancer cells with stem cell-like features. Compelling evidence suggests that PI3K/AKT signalling forms part of a 'core molecular stemness programme' in both mouse and human PSCs. In cancer, the oncogenic PIK3CAH1047R variant causes constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway and has recently been linked to increased stemness in a dose-dependent manner, similar to observations in mouse PSCs with heterozygous versus homozygous Pten loss. There is also evidence that the stemness phenotype may become 'locked' and thus independent of the original PI3K activation, posing limitations for the success of PI3K monotherapy in cancer. Ongoing therapeutic developments for PI3K-associated cancers may therefore benefit from a better understanding of the pathway's two-layered and highly context-dependent regulation of cell growth versus stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa R. Madsen
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
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43
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A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:67. [PMID: 32070424 PMCID: PMC7029561 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NANOG functions as the gateway for the generation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in mice and humans. NANOG is a transcription factor highly expressed in pig pre-implantation embryos, indicating that it is a conserved pluripotency-associated factor. However, pig NANOG reporter PSCs have yet to be established, and the regulation of pluripotency by NANOG is not fully understood in this animal. METHODS In this study, pig NANOG tdTomato knock-in reporter positive PC-iPS cells were established using CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting cell line was treated with several cytokines and their corresponding inhibitors to identify pathways that regulate NANOG expression. The pathways examined were LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor)/IL6 (interleukin 6)-STAT3, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)/ERK, IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)/PIP3 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-AKT, Activin A/SMAD, and BMP4 (bone morphogenetic proteins)/SMAD. RESULTS Our experiments showed that the Activin A/SMAD pathway is directly associated with activation of NANOG expression in the pig, as is also the case in mice and humans. Activin A directly regulates the expression of pig NANOG via SMAD2/3; inhibition of this pathway by SB431542 resulted in inhibition of NANOG expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Activin A plays an important regulatory role in NANOG-mediated pluripotency in pig iPS cells. Activin A treatment may be therefore an effective method for de novo derivation of authentic embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from pig pre-implantation embryos.
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44
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Pten-mediated Gsk3β modulates the naïve pluripotency maintenance in embryonic stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:107. [PMID: 32034125 PMCID: PMC7007436 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and they exist in different states of pluripotency—naïve and primed states. Pten is a well-known tumor suppressor. Here, we generated Pten−/− mouse ESCs with the CRISPR-Cas9 system and verified that Pten−/− ESCs maintained naïve pluripotency by blocking Gsk3β activity. Serum/LIF and 2i (MAPK and GSK3 inhibitors) conditions are commonly used for ESC maintenance. We show that the Pten-inhibitor SF1670 contributed to sustaining mouse ESCs and that Pten activation by the S380A, T382A, and T383A mutations (Pten-A3) suppressed the pluripotency of ESCs. The in vivo teratoma formation ability of SF1670-treated ESCs increased, while the Pten-A3 mutations suppressed teratoma formation. Furthermore, the embryoid bodies derived from Pten-deficient ESCs or SF1670-treated wild-type ESCs showed greater expression of ectoderm and pluripotency markers. These results suggest that Pten-mediated Gsk3β modulates the naïve pluripotency of ESCs and that Pten ablation regulates the lineage-specific differentiation.
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45
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Abstract
Specificity in signal transduction is determined by the ability of cells to "encode" and subsequently "decode" different environmental signals. Akin to computer software, this "signaling code" governs context-dependent execution of cellular programs through modulation of signaling dynamics and can be corrupted by disease-causing mutations. Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is critical for normal growth and development and is dysregulated in human disorders such as benign overgrowth syndromes, cancer, primary immune deficiency, and metabolic syndrome. Despite decades of PI3K research, understanding of context-dependent regulation of the PI3K pathway and of the underlying signaling code remains rudimentary. Here, we review current knowledge on context-specific PI3K signaling and how technological advances now make it possible to move from a qualitative to quantitative understanding of this pathway. Insight into how cellular PI3K signaling is encoded or decoded may open new avenues for rational pharmacological targeting of PI3K-associated diseases. The principles of PI3K context-dependent signal encoding and decoding described here are likely applicable to most, if not all, major cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa R Madsen
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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46
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Zhang F, Zhang S, Hu Y, Wang N, Wu L, Ding M. Role of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Proliferation, Migration and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
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47
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Li M, Yu JSL, Tilgner K, Ong SH, Koike-Yusa H, Yusa K. Genome-wide CRISPR-KO Screen Uncovers mTORC1-Mediated Gsk3 Regulation in Naive Pluripotency Maintenance and Dissolution. Cell Rep 2019; 24:489-502. [PMID: 29996108 PMCID: PMC6057492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of naive pluripotency maintenance and loss is a central question in embryonic stem cell biology. Here, we deploy CRISPR-knockout-based screens in mouse embryonic stem cells to interrogate this question through a genome-wide, non-biased approach using the Rex1GFP reporter as a phenotypic readout. This highly sensitive and efficient method identified genes in diverse biological processes and pathways. We uncovered a key role for negative regulators of mTORC1 in maintenance and exit from naive pluripotency and provided an integrated account of how mTORC1 activity influences naive pluripotency through Gsk3. Our study therefore reinforces Gsk3 as the central node and provides a comprehensive, data-rich resource that will improve our understanding of mechanisms regulating pluripotency and stimulate avenues for further mechanistic studies. Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies naive pluripotency regulators in mouse ESCs mTORC1-negative regulators from two axes show opposing phenotypes Gator1 is required for proper self-renewal and differentiation via Gsk3 regulation Tsc2 loss causes Akt-dependent, mTORC1-dependent Gsk3 suppression
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jason S L Yu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Swee Hoe Ong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Kosuke Yusa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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48
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Mnatsakanyan H, Sabater I Serra R, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Rico P. Zinc Maintains Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Multilineage Differentiation Potential via AKT Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:180. [PMID: 31544103 PMCID: PMC6728745 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess remarkable abilities, as they can differentiate into all cell types (pluripotency) and be self-renewing, giving rise to two identical cells. These characteristics make ESCs a powerful research tool in fundamental embryogenesis as well as candidates for use in regenerative medicine. Significant efforts have been devoted to developing protocols to control ESC fate, including soluble and complex cocktails of growth factors and small molecules seeking to activate/inhibit key signaling pathways for the maintenance of pluripotency states or activate differentiation. Here we describe a novel method for the effective maintenance of mouse ESCs, avoiding the supplementation of complex inhibitory cocktails or cytokines, e.g., LIF. We show that the addition of zinc to ESC cultures leads to a stable pluripotent state that shares biochemical, transcriptional and karyotypic features with the classical LIF treatment. We demonstrate for the first time that ESCs maintained in long-term cultures with added zinc, are capable of sustaining a stable ESCs pluripotent phenotype, as well as differentiating efficiently upon external stimulation. We show that zinc promotes long-term ESC self-renewal (>30 days) via activation of ZIP7 and AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, the combination of zinc with LIF results in a synergistic effect that enhances LIF effects, increases AKT and STAT3 activity, promotes the expression of pluripotency regulators and avoids the expression of differentiation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayk Mnatsakanyan
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roser Sabater I Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Rico
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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49
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Zhang X, Xue B, Li Y, Wei R, Yu Z, Jin J, Zhang Y, Liu Z. A novel chemically defined serum- and feeder-free medium for undifferentiated growth of porcine pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15380-15394. [PMID: 30701540 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Development and improvement of in vitro culture system supporting self-renewal and unlimited proliferation of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) is an indispensable process for the naïve pPSCs establishment. In this study, we modified the previous culture system and attempted to develop a novel chemically defined medium (KOFL) for the establishment of pPSCs. It has been cultured >45 passages with flat colony morphology and normal karyotypes in in vitro environment. These cells exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed pluripotency markers such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, and also possessed differentiation abilities both in vitro and in vivo, proving by the formation of embryonic bodies and teratomas into three germ layers. Then the cells transfected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the GFP positive cells contribute to the porcine preimplantation embryo development. In addition, these cells maintained long duration under feeder-free condition. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the pPSCs could be derived from preimplantation porcine embryos in serum-free medium and cultured under the feeder-free condition, providing an effective reference for further optimization of the pPSCs culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Binghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Renyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhuoran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junxue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Corsini NS, Peer AM, Moeseneder P, Roiuk M, Burkard TR, Theussl HC, Moll I, Knoblich JA. Coordinated Control of mRNA and rRNA Processing Controls Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:543-558.e12. [PMID: 29625069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-specific transcriptional networks are well known to control pluripotency, but constitutive cellular processes such as mRNA splicing and protein synthesis can add complex layers of regulation with poorly understood effects on cell-fate decisions. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein HTATSF1 controls embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating multiple aspects of RNA processing during ribosome biogenesis. HTATSF1, in a complex with splicing factor SF3B1, controls intron removal from ribosomal protein transcripts and regulates ribosomal RNA transcription and processing, thereby controlling 60S ribosomal abundance and protein synthesis. HTATSF1-dependent protein synthesis is essential for naive pre-implantation epiblast to transition into post-implantation epiblast, a stage with transiently low protein synthesis, and further differentiation toward neuroectoderm. Together, these results identify coordinated regulation of ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis by HTATSF1 and show that this essential mechanism controls protein synthesis during early mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela M Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Moeseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mykola Roiuk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Theussl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Moll
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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