1
|
Xie K, Li C, Wang M, Fu S, Cai Y. miR-135a-5p overexpression in peripheral blood-derived exosomes mediates vascular injury in type 2 diabetes patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1035029. [PMID: 38027164 PMCID: PMC10657216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1035029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetes pathology relies on exosomes (Exos). This study investigated how peripheral blood Exo-containing microRNAs (miRNAs) cause vascular injury in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We removed DEmiRNA from T2D chip data from the GEO database. We isolated Exo from 15 peripheral blood samples from T2D patients and 15 healthy controls and measured Exo DEmiRNA levels. We employed the intersection of Geneards and mirWALK database queries to find T2D peripheral blood mRNA-related chip target genes. Next, we created a STRING database candidate target gene interaction network map. Next, we performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on T2D-related potential target genes using the ClusterProfiler R package. Finally, we selected T2D vascular damage core genes and signaling pathways using GSEA and PPI analysis. Finally, we used HEK293 cells for luciferase assays, co-cultured T2D peripheral blood-derived Exo with HVSMC, and detected HVSMC movement alterations. Results We found 12 T2D-related DEmiRNAs in GEO. T2D patient-derived peripheral blood Exo exhibited significantly up-regulated miR-135a-3p by qRT-PCR. Next, we projected miR-135a-3p's downstream target mRNA and screened 715 DEmRNAs to create a regulatory network diagram. DEmRNAs regulated biological enzyme activity and vascular endothelial cells according to GO function and KEGG pathway analysis. ErbB signaling pathway differences stood out. PPI network study demonstrated that DEmRNA ATM genes regulate the ErbB signaling pathway. The luciferase experiment validated miR-135a-3p and ATM target-binding. Co-culture of T2D patient-derived peripheral blood Exo with HVSMC cells increases HVSMC migration, ErbB2, Bcl-2, and VEGF production, and decreases BAX and ATM. However, miR-135a-3p can reverse the production of the aforesaid functional proteins and impair HVSMC cell movement. Conclusion T2D patient-derived peripheral blood Exo carrying miR-135a-3p enter HVSMC, possibly targeting and inhibiting ATM, activating the ErbB signaling pathway, promoting abnormal HVSMC proliferation and migration, and aggravating vascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shahiwala AF, Khan GA. Potential Phytochemicals for Prevention of Familial Breast Cancer with BRCA Mutations. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:521-531. [PMID: 36918779 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230314110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has remained a global challenge and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women and family history. Hereditary factors are some of the major risk factors associated with breast cancer. Out of total breast cancer cases, 5-10% account only for familial breast cancer, and nearly 50% of all hereditary breast cancer are due to BRCA1/BRCA2 germline mutations. BRCA1/2 mutations play an important role not only in determining the clinical prognosis of breast cancer but also in the survival curves. Since this risk factor is known, a significant amount of the healthcare burden can be reduced by taking preventive measures among people with a known history of familial breast cancer. There is increasing evidence that phytochemicals of nutrients and supplements help in the prevention and cure of BRCA-related cancers by different mechanisms such as limiting DNA damage, altering estrogen metabolism, or upregulating expression of the normal BRCA allele, and ultimately enhancing DNA repair. This manuscript reviews different approaches used to identify potential phytochemicals to mitigate the risk of familial breast cancer with BRCA mutations. The findings of this review can be extended for the prevention and cure of any BRCAmutated cancer after proper experimental and clinical validation of the data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gazala Afreen Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kudelova E, Smolar M, Holubekova V, Hornakova A, Dvorska D, Lucansky V, Koklesova L, Kudela E, Kubatka P. Genetic Heterogeneity, Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314937. [PMID: 36499265 PMCID: PMC9735793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer is well known at clinical, histopathological, and molecular levels. Genomic instability and greater mutation rates, which may result in the creation of neoantigens and enhanced immunogenicity, are additional characteristics of this breast cancer type. Clinical outcome is poor due to early age of onset, high metastatic potential, and increased likelihood of distant recurrence. Consequently, efforts to elucidate molecular mechanisms of breast cancer development, progression, and metastatic spread have been initiated to improve treatment options and improve outcomes for these patients. The extremely complex and heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment is made up of several cell types and commonly possesses disorganized gene expression. Altered signaling pathways are mainly associated with mutated genes including p53, PIK3CA, and MAPK, and which are positively correlated with genes regulating immune response. Of note, particular immunity-associated genes could be used in prognostic indexes to assess the most effective management. Recent findings highlight the fact that long non-coding RNAs also play an important role in shaping tumor microenvironment formation, and can mediate tumor immune evasion. Identification of molecular signatures, through the use of multi-omics approaches, and effector pathways that drive early stages of the carcinogenic process are important steps in developing new strategies for targeted cancer treatment and prevention. Advances in immunotherapy by remodeling the host immune system to eradicate tumor cells have great promise to lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Current research is focused on combining immune checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, cancer vaccines, or natural killer cell therapy. Targeted therapies may improve therapeutic response, eliminate therapeutic resistance, and improve overall patient survival. In the future, these evolving advancements should be implemented for personalized medicine and state-of-art management of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kudelova
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Smolar
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Hornakova
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karamat U, Ejaz S, Hameed Y. In Silico-Analysis of the Multi-Omics Data Identified the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Gene as a Potential Biomarker of Breast Invasive Carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:263-275. [PMID: 33877897 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The elevated global burden of the breast invasive carcinoma (BRIC) and lack of appropriate biomarkers for its early detection and treatment requires extensive investigation to enhance understanding regarding BRIC associated molecular alterations. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a multifunctional tumor suppressor gene, which participates in the DNA damage response pathway and cellular checkpoint activation. Several studies have reported the reduction of ATM expression as a reliable biomarker of BRIC. However, its role as a clinicopathological feature-specific biomarker still needs to be explored. Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the mutational spectrum and expression variations of ATM in BRIC patients exhibiting various clinicopathological features. Furthermore, we also performed a correlational analysis of clinicopathological feature-specific ATM expression with its promoter methylation, status genetic alterations, copy number variation (CNVs), overall survival (OS), and effectiveness of various anticancerous drugs in BRIC patients. Methods: We utilized multiple online platforms, including UALCN, cBioportal, and CCLE GDSC tool kit. Results: The ATM exhibited decreased expression in the majority of the BRIC patients, and its promoter was hypermethylated compared to healthy controls. Hence, the degree of promoter methylation and ATM expression level were inversely correlated in BRIC. In addition, we also investigated if BRIC patients that had higher ATM expression had lower OS. We found that elevated expression of ATM was found to promoted or decreased the effectiveness of various anticancer drugs. Conclusion: This study revealed the overall and clinicopathological feature-specific role of the ATM, gene, however, these findings need to be validated via larger scale studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Karamat
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhou L, Xu S, Wu Y, Peng J, Zhang J, Yin W, Lu J. Association of Neo-Family History Score with pathological complete response, safety, and survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy: An exploratory analysis of two prospective trials. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38:101031. [PMID: 34337367 PMCID: PMC8318862 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homologous recombination deficiency is associated with platinum-based chemosensitivity, whereas few studies reported the predictive value of family history of cancer for breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting. This study aimed to construct a novel family history scoring system and to explore its association with clinical outcomes for patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS This study included 262 patients with locally advanced breast cancer enrolled in the SHPD001 and SHPD002 trials from October 2013 to June 2018. The Neo-Family History Score (NeoFHS) was calculated according to cancer type, age at diagnosis, kinship, and number of affected relatives. FINDINGS Clinical tumor stage (p=0·048), estrogen receptor status (p=0·001), progesterone receptor status (p=0·036), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (p=0·013), and molecular subtype (p=0·016) were significantly related to NeoFHS. NeoFHS could serve as an independent predictive factor of pathological complete response (pCR) (OR=2·262, 95% CI 1·159-4·414, p=0·017) and an independent prognostic factor of relapse-free survival (adjusted HR=0·305, 95% CI 0·102-0·910, p=0·033). Alopecia (p=0·001), nausea (p=0·001), peripheral neuropathy (p=0·018), diarrhea (p=0·026), constipation (p=0·037) of any grade and leukopenia of grade 3 or greater (p=0·005) were more common in patients with higher NeoFHS. INTERPRETATION NeoFHS is a practical and effective biomarker for predicting not only pCR and survival outcomes but also chemotherapy-induced adverse events for neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. It may help screen candidate responders and guide safety managements. FUNDING Shanghai Natural Science Foundation [grant number 19ZR1431100], Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center [grant numbers SHDC2020CR3003A, 16CR3065B, and 12016231], Shanghai "Rising Stars of Medical Talent" Youth Development Program for Youth Medical Talents - Specialist Program [grant number 2018-15], Shanghai "Rising Stars of Medical Talent" Youth Development Program for Outstanding Youth Medical Talents [grant number 2018-16], Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine [grant number TM201908], Multidisciplinary Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University [grant numbers YG2017QN49, ZH2018QNA42, and YG2019QNA28], Nurturing Fund of Renji Hospital [grant numbers PYMDT-002, PY2018-IIC-01, PY2018-III-15, and PYIII20-09], Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [grant numbers 20DZ2201600 and 15JC1402700], and Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty.
Collapse
|
6
|
Stucci LS, Internò V, Tucci M, Perrone M, Mannavola F, Palmirotta R, Porta C. The ATM Gene in Breast Cancer: Its Relevance in Clinical Practice. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050727. [PMID: 34068084 PMCID: PMC8152746 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular alterations of the Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) gene are frequently detected in breast cancer (BC), with an incidence ranging up to 40%. The mutated form, the Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene, is involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and telomere maintenance, and its role as a risk factor for cancer development is well established. Recent studies have confirmed that some variants of ATM are associated with an increased risk of BC development and a worse prognosis. Thus, many patients harboring ATM mutations develop intermediate- and high-grade disease, and there is a higher rate of lymph node metastatic involvement. The evidence concerning a correlation of ATM gene mutations and the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in BC management are controversial. In fact, ATM mutations may sensitize cancer cells to platinum-derived drugs, as BRCA1/2 mutations do, whereas their implications in objective responses to hormonal therapy or target-based agents are not well defined. Herein, we conducted a review of the role of ATM gene mutations in BC development, prognosis, and different treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Internò
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
- National Cancer Research Center, Tumori Institute IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Perrone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Sciences and Technologies of Laboratory Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.I.); (M.T.); (M.P.); (F.M.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DNA damage response inhibitors: An avenue for TNBC treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188521. [PMID: 33556453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability by sensing DNA damage, regulating cell cycle and initiating DNA repair. Drugs targeting DDR pathways have been increasingly exploited in treating various tumors. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive tumor with constitutive activation of oncogenes, inducing replication stress and DNA damage, which require the DDR for survival. In addition, emerging studies have demonstrated that TNBC harbors aberrant genetic alterations in DDR pathways, such as a high frequency of p53 dysfunction and BRCA1/2 mutations. DDR alterations force TNBC to rely on the existing DDR pathways for survival, and make TNBC particularly sensitive to specific DDR inhibitors, such as high sensitivity of TNBC with BRCA1/2 mutations to PARP inhibitors. This review first and comprehensively covers the current status of the development of DDR inhibitors and discusses the mechanism of targeting the DDR in TNBC. Preclinical and clinical studies on inhibitors of the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 pathway and PARP inhibitors, the most studied inhibitors, and some other DDR inhibitors as monotherapy or combination therapy in TNBC are summarized. We also highlight the possible predictive biomarkers for these DDR inhibitors and their potential combination strategies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other targeted agents to optimize the efficacy of DDR inhibitors in TNBC treatment. In conclusion, this review discussed the recent considerations related to the use of DDR inhibitors for TNBC and provides a perspective to address future directions and potential therapeutic strategies for patients with TNBC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu P, Sun Y, Song Y, Jiao J, Shen B, Li W, Jiang C, Li Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Fu L, Guo X. ATM kinase regulates tumor immunoreactions in lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer through modulation of NKG2D ligand and TNF cytokines on tumor cells. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 53:210-220. [PMID: 32067111 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore impact of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase on immunoreactions in lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC), particularly its role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), 194 cases of LPBC were identified with pertinent clinical information retrieved. The expressions of ATM, activated ATM (P-ATM), Fas ligand (FASL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL), major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A (MICA), CD8, and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were assessed by immunohistochemically. We found that ATM expressed on tumor cells was correlated with upregulated expression of P-ATM and MICA (P < 0.05), down-regulated expression of FASL and TRAIL (P < 0.01), and decreased Ki-67 tumor labeling (P < 0.05). However, within the TNBC group, only a negative correlation with FASL expression was found (P = 0.001). ATM and MICA expressions were significantly down -regulated in TNBC (P < 0.01) compared to non-TNBC, while TRAIL was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Tregs were increased in TNBC (P < 0.05), with CD8 + TILs decreased (P < 0.01). Ki-67 index was higher in TNBC than in non-TNBC (P < 0.01). ATM may play an important role in immunoreaction of LPBC, probably through upregulation of MICA and down-regulation of FASL and TRAIL. The down-regulated ATM expression in TNBC might be responsible for impaired tumor immunoactivity, rapid tumor growth, and aggressive clinical course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuanming Song
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Beibei Shen
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chengying Jiang
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Chen G, Li J, Huang YY, Li Y, Lin J, Chen LZ, Lu JP, Wang YQ, Wang CX, Pan LK, Xia XF, Yi X, Chen CB, Zheng XW, Guo ZQ, Pan JJ. Association of Tumor Protein p53 and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Comutation With Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Mortality in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1911895. [PMID: 31539077 PMCID: PMC6755545 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can elicit durable antitumor responses in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but only 20% to 25% of patients respond to treatment. As important genes in the DNA damage response pathway, comutation in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genes may be associated with genomic instability and hypermutation. However, the prevalence of TP53 and ATM comutation and its association with response to ICIs are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of the TP53 and ATM comutation, the potential mechanism, and its association with response to ICIs among patients with NSCLC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multiple-cohort study included patients with NSCLC from the Geneplus Institute, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) databases and from the POPLAR and OAK randomized controlled trials. Samples in the Geneplus cohort were collected and analyzed from April 30, 2015, through February 28, 2019. Data from TCGA, the MSKCC, and the POPLAR and OAK cohorts were obtained on January 1, 2019, and analyzed from January 1 to April 10, 2019. Next-generation sequencing assays were performed on tumor samples by the Geneplus Institute. Genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data were obtained from TCGA and MSKCC databases. EXPOSURES Comprehensive genetic profiling was performed to determine the prevalence of TP53 and ATM comutation and its association with prognosis and response to ICIs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomes were TP53 and ATM comutation frequency, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, gene set enrichment analysis, and immune profile in NSCLC. RESULTS Patients with NSCLC analyzed in this study included 2020 patients in the Geneplus cohort (mean [SD] age, 59.5 [10.5] years; 1168 [57.8%] men), 1031 patients in TCGA cohort (mean [SD] age, 66.2 [9.5] years; 579 [56.2%] men), 1527 patients in the MSKCC cohort (662 [43.4%] men), 350 patients in the MSKCC cohort who were treated with ICIs (mean [SD] age, 61.4 [13.8] years; 170 [48.6%] men), and 853 patients in the POPLAR and OAK cohort (mean [SD] age, 63.0 [9.1] years; 527 [61.8%] men). Sites of TP53 and ATM comutation were found scattered throughout the genes, and no significant difference was observed in the frequency of TP53 and ATM comutation within the histologic subtypes and driver genes. In 5 independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC, TP53 and ATM comutation was associated with a significantly higher tumor mutation burden compared with the sole mutation and with no mutation (TCGA, MSKCC, Geneplus, and POPLAR and OAK cohort). Among patients treated with ICIs in the MSKCC cohort, TP53 and ATM comutation was associated with better OS than a single mutation and no mutation among patients with any cancer (median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, not reached; TP53 mutation alone, 14.0 months; ATM mutation alone, 40.0 months; no mutation, 22.0 months; P = .001; NSCLC median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, not reached; TP53 mutation alone, 11.0 months; ATM mutation alone, 16.0 months; no mutation, 14.0 months; P = .24). Similar results were found in the POPLAR and OAK cohort in which the disease control benefit rate, progression-free survival, and OS were all greater in patients with the TP53 and ATM comutation compared with the other 3 groups (median progression-free survival: TP53 and ATM comutation, 10.4 months; TP53 mutation, 1.6 months; ATM mutation, 3.5 months; no mutation, 2.8 months; P = .01; median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, 22.1 months; TP53 mutation, 8.3 months; ATM mutation, 15.8 months; no mutation, 15.3 months; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings suggest that the TP53 and ATM comutation occurs in a subgroup of patients with NSCLC and is associated with an increased tumor mutation burden and response to ICIs. This suggests that TP53 and ATM comutation may have implications as a biomarker for guiding ICI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yi Li
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Leong Kin Pan
- China Certification and Inspection Group, Kuok Kim Medical Center III, Macao, China
- Hui Xian Medical Center, Macao, China
| | | | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Ben Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Wei Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ji Pan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Wang MJ, Wang W, Zhao JY, Wu JL, Liu YP, Zhu H, Qu JM, Zhou M. Identification of driver genes and somatic mutations in cell-free DNA of patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:103-114. [PMID: 31199508 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as promising technique for identifying minimally invasive genomic profiling of tumor cells recently. However, it remains relatively unknown in LAM disease. In our study, paired cfDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) in blood samples were obtained from 23 LAM patients and seven healthy controls to explore mutations profiles of targeted 70 cancer-related genes. As results, log2-based allele frequencies of mutations in cfDNA were significantly different from those of gDNA. By comparing the mutual mutations identified both in cfDNA and gDNA, a significant correlation was also observed. After removing mutations in gDNA, distinct somatic mutation profiles of cfDNA were observed in LAM patients. Forty of 70 targeted genes had recurrent mutations, of which ATM, BRCA2 and APC showed the highest frequency. Based on the mutation, correlation network constructed of 40 mutated genes, 11 hub genes bearing intensive interactions were highlighted, including BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD50, RB1, NF1, APC, MLH3, ATM, PDGFRA, PALB2 and BLM. Expression of the hub genes showed significant clusters between LAM patients and controls and that RAD50 and BRCA2 had the strongest associations with subject phenotypes. Myogenesis and estrogen response were confirmed to be positively regulated in LAM patients. Collectively, our study provided a landscape of genomic alterations in LAM and discovered several potential driver genes, that is, BRCA2 and RAD50, which shed a substantial light on the clinical application of key molecular markers and potential therapy targets for precision diagnosis and treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Wang
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiration, Xiangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Liang Wu
- Department of Respiration, Xiangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Pu Liu
- Department of Respiration, Xiangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Respiration, Xiangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peng J, Tang L, Cai M, Chen H, Wong J, Zhang P. RECQL5 plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability and viability of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4743-4752. [PMID: 31231988 PMCID: PMC6712443 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignancy that currently lacks targeted therapies. The majority of TNBCs can be characterized as basal‐like and has an expression profile enriched with genes involved in DNA damage repair and checkpoint response. Here, we report that TNBC cells are under replication stress and are constantly generating DNA double‐strand breaks, which is not seen in non‐TNBC cells. Consequently, we found that RECQL5, which encodes a RecQ family DNA helicase involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism including replication and repair, was essential for TNBC cells to survive and proliferate in vitro and in vivo. Compromising RECQL5 function in TNBC cells results in persistence of DNA damage, G2 arrest, and ultimately, cessation of proliferation. Our results suggest RECQL5 may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lichun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu X, Tian T, Ruan M, Rao J, Yang W, Cai X, Sun M, Qin G, Zhao Z, Wu J, Shao Z, Shui R, Hu Z. Expression of DNA Damage Response Proteins and Associations with Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Chinese Familial Breast Cancer Patients with BRCA1/2 Mutations. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:297-305. [PMID: 30275858 PMCID: PMC6158157 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The characteristic expression of DNA damage response proteins in familial breast cancers with BRCA1, BRCA2, or non-BRCA1/2 mutations has not been analyzed in Chinese patients. Our study aimed to assess the differential expression of microcephalin 1 (BRIT1), ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1, RAD51 recombinase (RAD51), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and establish the profile of Chinese familial breast cancers with different mutation status. Methods We constructed five tissue microarrays from 183 familial breast cancer patients (31 with BRCA1 mutations; 14 with BRCA2 mutations, and 138 with non-BRCA1/2 mutations). The DNA response and repair markers used for immunohistochemistry analysis included BRIT1, ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, RAD51, and PARP-1. The expressions of these proteins were analyzed in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. The association between pathologic characteristics with BRCA1/2 mutation status was also analyzed. Results In familial breast cancer patients, BRCA1 mutated tumors were more frequent with high nuclear grade, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, low Ki-67, and positive CK5/6. BRCA1 mutated tumors had lower CHEK2 and higher cytoplasmic BRIT1 expression than BRCA2 and non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. BRCA2-associated tumors showed higher CHEK2 and cytoplasmic RAD51 expression than those in other groups. Nuclear PARP-1 expression in BRCA1/2-associated tumors was significantly higher than in non-BRCA1/2 mutation tumors. Moreover, we found quite a few of negative PARP-1 expression cases in BRCA1/2 mutated groups. Conclusion The clinicopathologic findings of BRCA1-associated Chinese familial breast cancers were similar to the results of other studies. Chinese familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations might have distinctive expression of different DNA damage response proteins. The reduced expression of PARP-1 in Chinese BRCA1/2 mutated breast cancer patients could influence the therapeutic outcome of PARP-1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Ruan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Tissue Bank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqi Qin
- Department of Tissue Bank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruohong Shui
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Celik E, Ermis Tekkus K, Akcay IM, Alkurt Sal G, Ezberci F, Dinler Doganay G, Doganay L. Identification of a BRCA2 mutation in a Turkish family with early-onset breast cancer. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1751-1755. [PMID: 30214756 PMCID: PMC6132100 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a multi-gene panel testing to identify the germline variants in a mother-daughter pair with early-onset breast cancer, and detected one pathogenic protein-truncating variant in BRCA2. Our results highlight the importance of genetic testing in identifying the pathogenic mutation running in cancer families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elifnaz Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology‐Genetics & BiotechnologyIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
| | - Kubra Ermis Tekkus
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
- Department of General SurgeryUmraniye Teaching and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| | - Izzet Mehmet Akcay
- Department of Molecular Biology‐Genetics & BiotechnologyIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gizem Alkurt Sal
- Department of Molecular Biology‐Genetics & BiotechnologyIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
| | - Fikret Ezberci
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Clinical GeneticsUmraniye Teaching and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology‐Genetics & BiotechnologyIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
| | - Levent Doganay
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory)Istanbul Association of Northern Anatolian Public HospitalsIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUmraniye Teaching and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fedele P, Ciccarese M, Surico G, Cinieri S. An update on first line therapies for metastatic breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:243-252. [PMID: 29336185 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1425680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, outcomes of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have improved due to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the development of newer molecularly targeted drugs, especially those as a front-line therapy. Remarkable improvements have been made in the treatment of hormone receptor positive (HR+) and Her2 positive MBC and currently targeted treatment strategies represent a valid first line treatment. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors provide an overview of the first-line pharmacotherapies currently available for the treatment of MBC and provide their expert perspectives on the area. EXPERT OPINION Decisions on the first-line treatment of MBC should consider the clinical features of the disease, but also the biological mechanisms that regulate tumor cell growth. New and effective therapeutic agents have recently been introduced in the first-line therapy of MBC. However, to optimize the treatment of patients with metastatic disease, clinicians need biomarkers of resistance or sensitivity to targeted therapies. Efforts must also be made in developing strategies to personalize treatments of MBC patients and to identify those patients who might gain the most benefit from new treatment interventions, to save costs and limit toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palma Fedele
- a Medical Oncology & Breast Unit , 'Antonio Perrino' Hospital , Brindisi , Italy
| | | | - Giammarco Surico
- b Medical Oncology & Breast Unit , 'Vito Fazzi' Hospital , Lecce , Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- a Medical Oncology & Breast Unit , 'Antonio Perrino' Hospital , Brindisi , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu J, Sun T, Guo X, Wang Y, Jing M. Estrogen receptor-α promoter methylation is a biomarker for outcome prediction of cisplatin resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2855-2862. [PMID: 29456719 PMCID: PMC5778783 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of previous studies have indicated the presence of a link between estrogen receptor-α (ERα) methylation and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the association between ERα methylation and drug resistance during the treatment of TNBC remains unclear. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the methylation of ERα in the genomic DNA of 35 patients with TNBC who were defined as cisplatin-based chemotherapy-resistant using chemosensitivity testing. Survival probabilities by covariates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimator survival analysis and Cox's proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and ERα promoter DNA methylation. Of the 35 patients with TNBC analyzed, 8 exhibited ERα promoter DNA methylation. Cisplatin resistance was confirmed to be overwhelmingly associated with ERα methylation by univariate and multivariate analysis. Even in a limited analysis in patients with ERα methylation, the results generated from methylated tumor tissue and unmethylated tumor tissue revealed that expression of breast cancer type 1/2 susceptibility proteins was increased in ERα-methylated breast tumor tissue compared with in unmethylated tissue. The ERα methylation group tended to have significantly shorter progression-free (P=0.010) and overall (P=0.023) survival times compared with those in the unmethylated group. Similarly, shorter progression-free (P=0.024) and overall (P=0.018) survival times were observed in the cisplatin-resistant group compared with the cisplatin-non-resistant group. ERα methylation predicts a poor clinical outcome for patients with TNBC. The results of the present study indicated that ERα methylation may be a candidate surrogate biomarker for outcome prediction and cisplatin resistance in TNBC. Further investigation is required to identify potential biomarkers in a larger cohort in a prospective study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Mingxi Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
CC-115, a dual inhibitor of mTOR kinase and DNA-PK, blocks DNA damage repair pathways and selectively inhibits ATM-deficient cell growth in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74688-74702. [PMID: 29088817 PMCID: PMC5650372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CC-115, a selective dual inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), is undergoing Phase 1 clinical studies. Here we report the characterization of DNA-PK inhibitory activity of CC-115 in cancer cell lines. CC-115 inhibits auto-phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) at the S2056 site (pDNA-PK S2056), leading to blockade of DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). CC-115 also indirectly reduces the phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) at S1981 and its substrates as well as homologous recombination (HR). The mTOR kinase and DNA-PK inhibitory activity of CC-115 leads to not only potent anti-tumor activity against a large panel of hematopoietic and solid cancer cell lines but also strong induction of apoptosis in a subset of cancer lines. Mechanistically, CC-115 prevents NHEJ by inhibiting the dissociation of DNA-PKcs, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 (XRCC4), and DNA ligase IV from DNA ends. CC-115 inhibits colony formation of ATM-deficient cells more potently than ATM-proficient cells, indicating that inhibition of DNA-PK is synthetically lethal with the loss of functional ATM. In conclusion, CC-115 inhibits both mTOR signaling and NHEJ and HR by direct inhibition of DNA-PK. The mechanistic data not only provide selection of potential pharmacodynamic (PD) markers but also support CC-115 clinical development in patients with ATM-deficient tumors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shao F, Sun H, Deng CX. Potential therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer based on its intrinsic subtype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73329-73344. [PMID: 29069872 PMCID: PMC5641215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subgroup of human breast cancer, which is characterized as estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative. TNBC is the most difficult breast cancer subgroup to treat, due to its unresponsiveness to current clinical targeted therapies, high rate of recurrence, and poor prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent medical need to identify therapeutic targets and develop more effective stratified medicine for the treatment of TNBC. Here we review the potential therapeutic targets for TNBC based on its intrinsic subtype. We also review the aberrant activated signals found in different subgroups of TNBC, including androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedge-hog, and TGF-β signaling pathways, which play essential roles in multiple development stages of TNBC. The careful analysis of these signaling pathways and therapeutic targets would have significant impact on the drug development and clinical trials, leading to effective therapies for this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Majidinia M, Yousefi B. DNA repair and damage pathways in breast cancer development and therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 54:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Hallajian Z, Mahjoubi F, Nafissi N. Simultaneous ATM/BRCA1/RAD51 expression variations associated with prognostic factors in Iranian sporadic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:624-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
20
|
Costa R, Carneiro B, Wainwright D, Santa-Maria C, Kumthekar P, Chae Y, Gradishar W, Cristofanilli M, Giles F. Developmental therapeutics for patients with breast cancer and central nervous system metastasis: current landscape and future perspectives. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:44-56. [PMID: 28177431 PMCID: PMC7360139 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second-leading cause of metastatic disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in the biological understanding of breast cancer have facilitated an unprecedented increase of survival in a subset of patients presenting with metastatic breast cancer. Patients with HER2 positive (HER2+) or triple negative breast cancer are at highest risk of developing CNS metastasis, and typically experience a poor prognosis despite treatment with local and systemic therapies. Among the obstacles ahead in the realm of developmental therapeutics for breast cancer CNS metastasis is the improvement of our knowledge on its biological nuances and on the interaction of the blood–brain barrier with new compounds. This article reviews recent discoveries related to the underlying biology of breast cancer brain metastases, clinical progress to date and suggests rational approaches for investigational therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Costa
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - B.A. Carneiro
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - D.A. Wainwright
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - C.A. Santa-Maria
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| | | | - Y.K. Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - W.J. Gradishar
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - M. Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - F.J. Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kiiski JI, Fagerholm R, Tervasmäki A, Pelttari LM, Khan S, Jamshidi M, Mantere T, Pylkäs K, Bartek J, Bartkova J, Mannermaa A, Tengström M, Kosma VM, Winqvist R, Kallioniemi A, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. FANCM c.5101C>T mutation associates with breast cancer survival and treatment outcome. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2760-2770. [PMID: 27542569 PMCID: PMC5095781 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, and different tumor characteristics and genetic variation may affect the clinical outcome. The FANCM c.5101C > T nonsense mutation in the Finnish population associates with increased risk of breast cancer, especially for triple‐negative breast cancer patients. To investigate the association of the mutation with disease prognosis, we studied tumor phenotype, treatment outcome, and patient survival in 3,933 invasive breast cancer patients, including 101 FANCM c.5101C > T mutation carriers and 3,832 non‐carriers. We also examined association of the mutation with nuclear immunohistochemical staining of DNA repair markers in 1,240 breast tumors. The FANCM c.5101C > T mutation associated with poor 10‐year breast cancer‐specific survival (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.52, p = 0.018), with a more pronounced survival effect among familial cases (HR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.5–5.76, p = 1.80 × 10−3). Poor disease outcome of the carriers was also found among the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup of patients (HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.09–2.98, p = 0.021). Reduced survival was seen especially among patients who had not received radiotherapy (HR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.6–7.34, p = 1.50 × 10−3) but not among radiotherapy treated patients (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.82–2.23, p = 0.237). Significant interaction was found between the mutation and radiotherapy (p = 0.040). Immunohistochemical analyses show that c.5101C > T carriers have reduced PAR‐activity. Our results suggest that FANCM c.5101C > T nonsense mutation carriers have a reduced breast cancer survival but postoperative radiotherapy may diminish this survival disadvantage. What's new? Variations in DNA repair genes can predispose individuals to breast cancer, with one example being FANCM c.5101C > T, a nonsense mutation in the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway. In previous work, FANCM c.5101C > T was associated with increased breast cancer risk in the Finnish population. Here, the mutation is further shown to be associated with adverse breast cancer outcome. Mutation‐positive Finnish patients exhibited reduced long‐term survival and increased risk of disease recurrence. Survival was worse particularly for patients who were not treated with radiotherapy, indicating that FANCM c.5101C>T may interact with radiotherapy to improve disease outcome in mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maral Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Mantere
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Tengström
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dale Rein I, Solberg Landsverk K, Micci F, Patzke S, Stokke T. Replication-induced DNA damage after PARP inhibition causes G2 delay, and cell line-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and multinucleation. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3248-60. [PMID: 26312527 PMCID: PMC4825575 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1085137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been approved for treatment of tumors with mutations in or loss of BRCA1/2. The molecular mechanisms and particularly the cellular phenotypes resulting in synthetic lethality are not well understood and varying clinical responses have been observed. We have investigated the dose- and time-dependency of cell growth, cell death and cell cycle traverse of 4 malignant lymphocyte cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. PARP inhibition induced a severe growth inhibition in this cell line panel and increased the levels of phosphorylated H2AX-associated DNA damage in S phase. Repair of the remaining replication related damage caused a G2 phase delay before entry into mitosis. The G2 delay, and the growth inhibition, was more pronounced in the absence of functional ATM. Further, Olaparib treated Reh and Granta-519 cells died by apoptosis, while U698 and JVM-2 cells proceeded through mitosis with aberrant chromosomes, skipped cytokinesis, and eventually died by necrosis. The TP53-deficient U698 cells went through several rounds of DNA replication and mitosis without cytokinesis, ending up as multinucleated cells with DNA contents of up to 16c before dying. In summary, we report here for the first time cell cycle-resolved DNA damage induction, and cell line-dependent differences in the mode of cell death caused by PARP inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idun Dale Rein
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Kirsti Solberg Landsverk
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- b Section of Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Medical Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway.,c Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Raposo-Ferreira TMM, Bueno RC, Terra EM, Avante ML, Tinucci-Costa M, Carvalho M, Cassali GD, Linde SD, Rogatto SR, Laufer-Amorim R. Downregulation of ATM Gene and Protein Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1154-1159. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816643367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated ( ATM) gene encodes a protein associated with DNA damage repair and maintenance of genomic integrity. In women, ATM transcript and protein downregulation have been reported in sporadic breast carcinomas, and the absence of ATM protein expression has been associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate ATM gene and protein expression in canine mammary tumors and their association with clinical outcome. ATM gene and protein expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in normal mammary gland samples (n = 10), benign mammary tumors (n = 11), nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas (n = 19), and metastatic mammary carcinomas (n = 11). Lower ATM transcript levels were detected in benign mammary tumors and carcinomas compared with normal mammary glands ( P = .011). Similarly, lower ATM protein expression was observed in benign tumors ( P = .0003), nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas ( P < .0001), and the primary sites of metastatic carcinomas ( P < .0001) compared with normal mammary glands. No significant differences in ATM gene or protein levels were detected among benign tumors and nonmetastatic and metastatic mammary carcinomas ( P > .05). The levels of ATM gene or protein expression were not significantly associated with clinical and pathological features or with survival. Similar to human breast cancer, the data in this study suggest that ATM gene and protein downregulation is involved in canine mammary gland tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. C. Bueno
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. M. Terra
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. L. Avante
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Tinucci-Costa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. D. Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S. D. Linde
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. R. Rogatto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Neogene Laboratory, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ali S, Mondal N, Choudhry H, Rasool M, Pushparaj PN, Khan MA, Mahfooz M, Sami GA, Jarullah J, Ali A, Jamal MS. Current Management Strategies in Breast Cancer by Targeting Key Altered Molecular Players. Front Oncol 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 26973813 PMCID: PMC4771739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second largest disease affecting women worldwide. It remains the most frequently reported and leading cause of death among women in both developed and developing countries. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are commonly used selective estrogen receptor modulators for treatment of breast cancer in women with high risk, although resistance occurs by tamoxifen after 5 years of therapy and both drugs cause uterine cancer and thromboembolic events. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are one of the optional modes used for breast cancer treatment. The combination of AIs along with tamoxifen can also be beneficial. Various therapeutic agents from different sources are being studied, which further need to be improved for potential outcome. For this, clinical trials based on large number of patients with optimal dose and lesser side effects have to be more in practice. Despite the clinical trials going on, there is need of better molecular models, which can identify high risk population, new agents with better benefit having less side effects, and improved biomarkers for treating breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ali
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Neelima Mondal
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maryam Mahfooz
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Ghufrana A Sami
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Jummanah Jarullah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yardley DA, Brufsky A, Coleman RE, Conte PF, Cortes J, Glück S, Nabholtz JMA, O'Shaughnessy J, Beck RM, Ko A, Renschler MF, Barton D, Harbeck N. Phase II/III weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine or carboplatin versus gemcitabine/carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (the tnAcity study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:575. [PMID: 26673577 PMCID: PMC4682258 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive disease with unmet clinical needs. In a phase III study of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, first-line gemcitabine/carboplatin resulted in a median progression-free survival of 4.6 months. nab-paclitaxel-based regimens (with gemcitabine or carboplatin±bevacizumab) also demonstrated efficacy and safety in first-line phase II trials of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. TRIAL DESIGN In this international, multicenter, open-label, randomized phase II/III trial, the efficacy and safety of first-line nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine or with carboplatin will be compared with gemcitabine/carboplatin (control arm) for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. METHODS In the phase II portion, 240 patients with measurable metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and treatment-naive for metastatic disease will be randomized 1:1:1 (stratified by disease-free interval: ≤1 versus>1 year) to nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 plus gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 plus carboplatin area under the curve 2 mg×min/mL, or gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 plus carboplatin area under the curve 2 mg×min/mL, all given on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Investigator-assessed progression-free survival (primary endpoint), overall response rate, overall survival, and safety will be assessed. A ranking algorithm of five efficacy and safety parameters will be used to pick the "winner" of the nab-paclitaxel regimens. In the phase III portion, 550 patients will be randomized 1:1 (stratified by disease-free interval: ≤1 versus >1 year, and prior adjuvant/neoadjuvant taxane use) to the nab-paclitaxel combination arm selected from the phase II portion or to the control arm. Patients in phase II will not be part of the phase III population. The phase III primary endpoint is blinded, independently-assessed progression-free survival; secondary endpoints include blinded, independently-assessed overall response rate, overall survival, disease control rate, duration of response, and safety. Biomarker and circulating tumor-cell exploratory analyses and quality-of-life assessments will also be performed. A list of approving ethical bodies was provided in Additional file 1. DISCUSSION The tnAcity trial aims to identify a new standard cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen for first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01881230 . Date of registration: 17 June 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Yardley
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and the Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, 250 25th Avenue North, Suite 100, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Adam Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Robert E Coleman
- Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Cancer Research Center, Sheffield, England.
| | - Pierfranco F Conte
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, and Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Javier Cortes
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Texas Oncology-Baylor Charles A. Sammons Center; US Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | | | - Amy Ko
- Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sakhare SS, Davis J, Mandape SN, Pratap S. Transcriptome analysis of breast cancer in African American women. BMC Bioinformatics 2015. [PMCID: PMC4625199 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-16-s15-p14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
27
|
DNA Damage Signalling and Repair Inhibitors: The Long-Sought-After Achilles' Heel of Cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3204-59. [PMID: 26610585 PMCID: PMC4693276 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the two only approaches exploiting DNA repair processes to fight against cancer. Nowadays, cancer therapeutics can be a major challenge when it comes to seeking personalized targeted medicine that is both effective and selective to the malignancy. Over the last decade, the discovery of new targeted therapies against DNA damage signalling and repair has offered the possibility of therapeutic improvements in oncology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNA damage signalling and repair inhibitors, their molecular and cellular effects, and future therapeutic use.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oh W, Frost JA. Rho GTPase independent regulation of ATM activation and cell survival by the RhoGEF Net1A. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2765-72. [PMID: 25486363 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2015.945865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM activation following DNA damage is a critical event which is required for efficient DNA repair and cell survival, yet signaling mechanisms controlling its activation are incompletely understood. The RhoGEF Net1 has previously been reported to control Rho GTPase activation and downstream cell survival outcomes following double strand DNA damage. However the role of Net1 isoforms in controlling ATM-dependent cell signaling has not been assessed. In the present work we show that expression of the Net1A isoform is specifically required for efficient activation of ATM but not the related kinase DNA-PK after ionizing radiation. Surprisingly Net1A overexpression also potently suppresses ATM activation and phosphorylation of its substrate H2AX. This effect does not require catalytic activity towards RhoA or RhoB, and neither Rho GTPase affects ATM activation, on its own. Consistent with a role in controlling ATM activation, Net1A knockdown also impairs DNA repair and cell survival. Taken together these data indicate that Net1A plays a plays a previously unrecognized, Rho GTPase-independent role in controlling ATM activity and downstream signaling after DNA damage to impact cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Oh
- a Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology ; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston ; Houston , TX USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Delmonico L, Moreira ADS, Franco MF, Esteves EB, Scherrer L, Gallo CVDM, do Nascimento CM, Ornellas MHF, de Azevedo CM, Alves G. CDKN2A (p14(ARF)/p16(INK4a)) and ATM promoter methylation in patients with impalpable breast lesions. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1540-7. [PMID: 26255234 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of breast cancer increases the chances of cure, but the reliable identification of impalpable lesions is still a challenge. In spite of the advances in breast cancer detection, the molecular basis of impalpable lesions and the corresponding circulating biomarkers are not well understood. Impalpable lesions, classified by radiologists according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System in the categories 3 and 4, can be either benign or malignant (slow growing or aggressive). In this article, we report the DNA methylation pattern in CDKN2A (p14(ARF)/p16(INK4a)) and in ATM gene promoters from 62 impalpable lesions, 39 peripheral blood samples, and 39 saliva samples, assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction method. ATM showed the greatest percentage of methylation in DNA from lesions (benign and malignant), blood (even with p16(INK4a)), and saliva, followed by p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF). Among the malignant cases, ATM promoter was the most hypermethylated in lesion DNA and in blood and saliva DNAs, and p14(ARF), the least. The highest percentage of p16(INK4a) methylation was found in the blood. Finally, our data are relevant because they were obtained using impalpable breast lesions from patients who were carefully recruited in 2 public hospitals of Rio de Janeiro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Delmonico
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Aline dos Santos Moreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional de Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Felipe Franco
- Serviço de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée-Guinle, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Scherrer
- Sociedade Brasileira Oncologia Clínica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30120-010, Brazil
| | - Claúdia Vitória de Moura Gallo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Helena Faria Ornellas
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | | | - Gilda Alves
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng X, Li H, Dean M, Wilson HE, Kornaga E, Enwere EK, Tang P, Paterson A, Lees-Miller SP, Magliocco AM, Bebb G. Low ATM protein expression in malignant tumor as well as cancer-associated stroma are independent prognostic factors in a retrospective study of early-stage hormone-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:65. [PMID: 25935535 PMCID: PMC4453198 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The serine/threonine protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is critical in maintaining genomic integrity. Upon DNA double-strand breaks, ATM phosphorylates key downstream proteins including p53 and BRCA1/2, thereby orchestrating complex signaling pathways involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. Although sporadic mutation of ATM occurs rarely in breast cancer, the status of its protein expression and its clinical significance in breast cancer remain not well established. Our study was designed to investigate the influence of ATM protein in both tumor and cancer-associated stroma on clinical outcome in hormone-positive (HPBC) and hormone-negative (HNBC) early-stage breast cancer (EBC). METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs), containing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded resected tumors from two cohorts of patients (HPBC cohort: n=130; HNBC cohort: n=168) diagnosed at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada, were analyzed for ATM protein expression using fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) and automated quantitative analysis (AQUA). ATM expression levels were measured within the tumor as a whole (tATM) as indicated by pan-cytokeratin expression, tumor nuclear compartment (nATM) as indicated by both DAPI and pan-cytokeratin-positive results, and cancer-associated stroma (csATM) as indicated by vimentin-positive and pan-cytokeratin-negative results. ATM expression levels within these compartments were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS While tATM and nATM were significantly lower in tumors compared to normal breast epithelial tissues, csATM was significantly higher than the corresponding normal tissue compartment. In addition, the median expression level of both tATM and nATM were two- to threefold lower (P<0.001) in HNBC than in HPBC. In both HNBC and HPBC cohorts, patients with low tATM, nATM and csATM tumors had significantly poorer survival outcomes than those with a high tATM, nATM and csATM, but this effect was more pronounced in HNBC. A multivariate analysis demonstrates that these biomarkers predict survival independent of tumor size and lymph node status, but only in the HNBC cohort (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low ATM protein expression in both malignant tumor and stromal compartments likely contributes to the aggressive nature of breast cancer and is an independent prognostic factor associated with worse survival in HNBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Haocheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Science, TRW Building, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Michelle Dean
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Holly E Wilson
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Kornaga
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Emeka K Enwere
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Patricia Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Alexander Paterson
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Susan P Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Building, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Gwyn Bebb
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rondeau S, Vacher S, De Koning L, Briaux A, Schnitzler A, Chemlali W, Callens C, Lidereau R, Bièche I. ATM has a major role in the double-strand break repair pathway dysregulation in sporadic breast carcinomas and is an independent prognostic marker at both mRNA and protein levels. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1059-66. [PMID: 25742469 PMCID: PMC4366900 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a kinase that has a central role in the maintenance of genomic integrity by activating cell cycle checkpoints and promoting repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In breast cancer, a low level of ATM was correlated with poor outcome; however, the molecular mechanism of this downregulation is still unclear. METHODS We used qRT-PCR assay to quantify mRNA levels of ATM gene in 454 breast tumours from patients with known clinical/pathological status and outcome; reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were used to assess the levels of ATM and 14 proteins in 233 breast tumours. RESULTS ATM mRNA was associated with poor metastasis-free survival (MFS) (P=0.00012) on univariate analysis. ATM mRNA and protein levels were positively correlated (P=0.00040). A low level of ATM protein was correlated with poorer MFS (P=0.000025). ATM expression at mRNA or protein levels are independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis (P=0.00046 and P=0.00037, respectively). The ATM protein level was positively correlated with the levels of six proteins of the DSB repair pathway: H2AX (P<0.0000001), XRCC5 (P<0.0000001), NBN (P<0.0000001), Mre11 (P=0.0000029), Rad50 (P=0.0064), and TP53BP1 (P=0.026), but not with proteins involved in other pathways that are altered in cancer. Low expression of ATM protein was significantly associated with high miR-203 expression (P=0.011). CONCLUSION We confirmed that ATM expression is an independent prognostic marker at both RNA and protein levels. We showed that alteration of ATM is involved in dysregulation of the DSB repair pathway. Finally, miR-203 may be responsible for downregulation of ATM in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rondeau
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - S Vacher
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - L De Koning
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - A Briaux
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - A Schnitzler
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - W Chemlali
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - C Callens
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - R Lidereau
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - I Bièche
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
- EA7331, University of Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris 75006, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bussink J, Span PN. γ-H2AX Foci in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to Quantify Radiation-Induced DNA Damage After 177Lu-DOTA-Octreotate Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:501-2. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
33
|
Karagoz K, Sinha R, Arga KY. Triple negative breast cancer: a multi-omics network discovery strategy for candidate targets and driving pathways. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:115-30. [PMID: 25611337 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 15% of breast cancers and is characterized by lack of expression of both estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), together with absence of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). TNBC has attracted considerable attention due to its aggressiveness such as large tumor size, high proliferation rate, and metastasis. The absence of clinically efficient molecular targets is of great concern in treatment of patients with TNBC. In light of the complexity of TNBC, we applied a systematic and integrative transcriptomics and interactomics approach utilizing transcriptional regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks to discover putative transcriptional control mechanisms of TNBC. To this end, we identified TNBC-driven molecular pathways such as the Janus kinase-signal transducers, and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. The multi-omics molecular target and biomarker discovery approach presented here can offer ways forward on novel diagnostics and potentially help to design personalized therapeutics for TNBC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Karagoz
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shan W, Wang C, Zhang Z, Luo X, Ning C, Yu Y, Feng Y, Gu C, Chen X. ATM may be a protective factor in endometrial carcinogenesis with the progesterone pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1529-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Tomao F, Papa A, Zaccarelli E, Rossi L, Caruso D, Minozzi M, Vici P, Frati L, Tomao S. Triple-negative breast cancer: new perspectives for targeted therapies. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:177-93. [PMID: 25653541 PMCID: PMC4303459 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s67673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing a large number of entities showing different morphological features and having clinical behaviors. It has became apparent that this diversity may be justified by distinct patterns of genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic aberrations. The identification of gene-expression microarray-based characteristics has led to the identification of at least five breast cancer subgroups: luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and basal-like. Triple-negative breast cancer is a complex disease diagnosed by immunohistochemistry, and it is characterized by malignant cells not expressing estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors at all, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Along with this knowledge, recent data show that triple-negative breast cancer has specific molecular features that could be possible targets for new biological targeted drugs. The aim of this article is to explore the use of new drugs in this particular setting, which is still associated with poor prognosis and high risk of distant recurrence and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I”, Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Papa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zaccarelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Rossi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Caruso
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| | - Marina Minozzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Frati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I”, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abdel-Fatah TM, Arora A, Alsubhi N, Agarwal D, Moseley PM, Perry C, Doherty R, Chan SY, Green AR, Rakha E, Ball G, Ellis IO, Madhusudan S. Clinicopathological significance of ATM-Chk2 expression in sporadic breast cancers: a comprehensive analysis in large cohorts. Neoplasia 2014; 16:982-91. [PMID: 25425972 PMCID: PMC4240925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ATM-Chk2 network is critical for genomic stability, and its deregulation may influence breast cancer pathogenesis. We investigated ATM and Chk2 protein levels in two cohorts [cohort 1 (n = 1650) and cohort 2 (n = 252)]. ATM and Chk2 mRNA expression was evaluated in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium cohort (n = 1950). Low nuclear ATM protein level was significantly associated with aggressive breast cancer including larger tumors, higher tumor grade, higher mitotic index, pleomorphism, tumor type, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor (ER)-, PR -, AR -, triple-negative, and basal-like phenotypes (Ps < .05). Breast cancer 1, early onset negative, low XRCC1, low SMUG1, high FEN1, high MIB1, p53 mutants, low MDM2, low Bcl-2, low p21, low Bax, high CDK1, and low Chk2 were also more frequent in tumors with low nuclear ATM level (Ps < .05). Low ATM protein level was significantly associated with poor survival including in patients with ER-negative tumors who received adjuvant anthracycline or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy (Ps < .05). Low nuclear Chk2 protein was likely in ER -/PR -/AR -; HER-2 positive; breast cancer 1, early onset negative; low XRCC1; low SMUG1; low APE1; low polβ; low DNA-PKcs; low ATM; low Bcl-2; and low TOPO2A tumors (P < .05). In patients with ER + tumors who received endocrine therapy or ER-negative tumors who received chemotherapy, nuclear Chk2 levels did not significantly influence survival. In p53 mutant tumors, low ATM (P < .000001) or high Chk2 (P < .01) was associated with poor survival. When investigated together, low-ATM/high-Chk2 tumors have the worst survival (P = .0033). Our data suggest that ATM-Chk2 levels in sporadic breast cancer may have prognostic and predictive significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind Arora
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Nouf Alsubhi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Devika Agarwal
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Paul M. Moseley
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Christina Perry
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Rachel Doherty
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Stephen Y.T. Chan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dai X, Chen A, Bai Z. Integrative investigation on breast cancer in ER, PR and HER2-defined subgroups using mRNA and miRNA expression profiling. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6566. [PMID: 25338681 PMCID: PMC4206873 DOI: 10.1038/srep06566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular difference among breast cancer subtypes is of crucial importance in understanding its heterogeneity and seeking its effective clinical treatment. For this, several layers of information including immunohistochemical markers and a variety of high-throughput genomics approaches have been intensively used. Here we have explored the intrinsic differences among breast cancer subgroups defined by immunohistochemical expression (IHC) of hormone receptors ER and PR as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) using the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of 115 tumors. A core basal group was further defined by epidermal growth factor receptor and cytokeratin 5/6 IHC expression and compared to triple negative group. A set of differentially expressed genes including 1015 mRNAs and 69 miRNAs was found to distinguish tumor subtypes whose generality was demonstrated using two independent data sets. The network was explored for each subtype and biomass synthesis signaling was found to play an important role in the core basal subgroup. This study contributes to elucidating the intrinsic relations among breast cancer subgroups defined by ER, PR and HER2 expression via integrating mRNA and miRNA expression. The results can avail functional studies of breast cancer with translational potential for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- 1] School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, Wuxi 214122, China [2] National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermention Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ana Chen
- 1] School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, Wuxi 214122, China [2] School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- 1] School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University, Wuxi 214122, China [2] National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermention Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mahe E, Akhter A, Le A, Street L, Pournaziri P, Kosari F, Shabani-Rad MT, Stewart D, Mansoor A. PARP1 expression in mantle cell lymphoma: the utility of PARP1 immunohistochemistry and its relationship with markers of DNA damage. Hematol Oncol 2014; 33:159-65. [PMID: 25143154 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive disease with poor overall survival, attributable in part to frequent defects of the DNA repair genes. In such malignancies, additional inhibition of the ubiquitous DNA damage repair protein, poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) has shown enhanced cytotoxicity (so-called synthetic lethality). We studied PARP1 expression in a series of clinical cases of MCL, with the secondary aim to ascertain the relationship between PARP1 expression and DNA repair gene expression (namely ATM and p53) by immunohistochemical methods. We also examined the relationship between PARP1 expression and the well-established prognostic biomarker Ki-67, in addition to correlating PARP1 expression with the overall survival. From amongst our series of 79 unselected cases of MCL, we detected PARP1 expression in all but two cases with variable intensity. We also noted correlations between PARP1 expression and ATM and p53 expression. As described in previous studies, we identified a significant survival difference on the basis of Ki-67 and p53 expression. When digital H-score analysis of PARP1 expression was performed, there was a distinct survival advantage noted in patients with lower levels of expression. When our biomarker data were assessed by Cox regression, furthermore, the dominant effects of p53 and PARP1 expression were highlighted. Our data support the need for further research into the potential utility of PARP1 as a biomarker in MCL and for the potential direction of future PARP1 inhibitor-targeted therapy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mahe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ariz Akhter
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lelsey Street
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Payam Pournaziri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Farid Kosari
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas Stewart
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adnan Mansoor
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Glück S. nab-Paclitaxel for the Treatment of Aggressive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 14:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
40
|
Caldon CE. Estrogen signaling and the DNA damage response in hormone dependent breast cancers. Front Oncol 2014; 4:106. [PMID: 24860786 PMCID: PMC4030134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is necessary for the normal growth and development of breast tissue, but high levels of estrogen are a major risk factor for breast cancer. One mechanism by which estrogen could contribute to breast cancer is via the induction of DNA damage. This perspective discusses the mechanisms by which estrogen alters the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair through the regulation of key effector proteins including ATM, ATR, CHK1, BRCA1, and p53 and the feedback on estrogen receptor signaling from these proteins. We put forward the hypothesis that estrogen receptor signaling converges to suppress effective DNA repair and apoptosis in favor of proliferation. This is important in hormone-dependent breast cancer as it will affect processing of estrogen-induced DNA damage, as well as other genotoxic insults. DDR and DNA repair proteins are frequently mutated or altered in estrogen responsive breast cancer, which will further change the processing of DNA damage. Finally, the action of estrogen signaling on DNA damage is also relevant to the therapeutic setting as the suppression of a DDR by estrogen has the potential to alter the response of cancers to anti-hormone treatment or chemotherapy that induces DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth Caldon
- Genome and Replication Stability Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Regulation of estrogen receptor signaling in breast carcinogenesis and breast cancer therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1549. [PMID: 25031550 PMCID: PMC3962223 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) are critical regulators of breast epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Compromised signaling vis-à-vis the estrogen receptor is believed to be a major contributing factor in the malignancy of breast cells. Targeting the ER signaling pathway has been a focal point in the development of breast cancer therapy. Although approximately 75 % of breast cancer patients are classified as luminal type (ER(+)), which predicts for response to endocrine-based therapy; however, innate or acquired resistance to endocrine-based drugs remains a serious challenge. The complexity of regulation for estrogen signaling coupled with the crosstalk of other oncogenic signaling pathways is a reason for endocrine therapy resistance. Alternative strategies that target novel molecular mechanisms are necessary to overcome this current and urgent gap in therapy. A thorough analysis of estrogen-signaling regulation is critical. In this review article, we will summarize current insights into the regulation of estrogen signaling as related to breast carcinogenesis and breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bueno RC, Canevari RA, Villacis RAR, Domingues MAC, Caldeira JRF, Rocha RM, Drigo SA, Rogatto SR. ATM down-regulation is associated with poor prognosis in sporadic breast carcinomas. Ann Oncol 2013; 25:69-75. [PMID: 24285016 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene downexpression has been reported in sporadic breast carcinomas (BC); however, the prognostic value and mechanisms of ATM deregulation remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS ATM and miRNAs (miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-203, miR-421, miR-664, miR-576-5p and miR-18a) expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in 52 BC and 3 normal breast samples. ATM protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 968 BC and 35 adjacent normal breast tissues. ATM copy number alteration was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in 42 tumours. RESULTS Low ATM levels were associated with tumour grade. Absence of ATM protein expression was associated with distant metastasis (P < 0.001), reduced disease-free survival (DFS, P < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated ATM protein expression as an independent prognostic marker for DFS (P = 0.001, HR = 0.579) and CSS (P = 0.001, HR = 0.554). ATM copy number loss was detected in 12% of tumours and associated with lower mRNA levels. miR-421 over-expression was detected in 36.5% of cases which exhibit lower ATM transcript levels (P = 0.075, r = -0.249). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that ATM protein expression is an independent prognostic marker in sporadic BC. Gene copy number loss and miR-421 over-expression may be involved in ATM deregulation in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Bueno
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, São Paulo State University, Botucatu
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) expression is associated with breast cancer tumor phenotype and predicts survival after anthracycline chemotherapy treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 141:79-88. [PMID: 23974830 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal translation of mRNAs frequently occurring during carcinogenesis is among the mechanisms that can affect the expression of proteins involved in tumor development and progression. Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E is a key regulator of translation of many cancer-related transcripts and its expression is altered in various cancers and has been associated with worse survival. We determined the eIF4E protein levels using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 1,233 breast tumors on tissue microarrays. We analyzed the effects of the IHC expression level on tumor characteristics and patient survival, also with stratification by adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. In 1,085 successfully stained tumors, high level of eIF4E protein expression was associated with features of aggressive tumor phenotype, namely grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity, HER2 receptor positivity, and high expression of p53 and Ki67, and with triple negative subtype (p < 0.001). High eIF4E expression was associated with worse breast cancer-specific survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.99 (95 % CI 1.32-3.00, p = 0.0008) and was in a multivariate analysis an independent prognostic factor. High eIF4E expression was associated with worse outcome also after detection of distant metastasis (HR = 1.88, 95 % CI 1.20-2.94, p = 0.0060). In the subgroup analysis the survival effect was strongest among patients treated with anthracycline chemotherapy (HR = 3.34, 95 % CI 1.72-6.48, p = 0.0002), whereas no such effect was seen among patients who had not received anthracycline with significant difference in heterogeneity between the two groups (p = 0.0358). High expression of eIF4E is associated with adverse tumor characteristics and predicts poor breast cancer-specific survival. This effect is emphasized in patients treated with anthracycline chemotherapy. eIF4E as a treatment predictive factor warrants further studies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Chemotherapy occupies an important position in the treatment of gastric cancer. Platinum drugs are commonly chemotherapy drugs for gastric cancer; however, sensitivity to these drugs varies among different patients. The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) is a tumor suppressor gene that is associated with sensitivity to platinum drugs. At present, the research on the BRCA1 gene is mainly focused on breast cancer, and there have been fewer studies on gastric cancer. This paper will give an overview of the structure and function of the BRCA1 gene and the relationship between BRCA1 and gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo X, Yang C, Qian X, Lei T, Li Y, Shen H, Fu L, Xu B. Estrogen receptor α regulates ATM Expression through miRNAs in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4994-5002. [PMID: 23857602 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an essential element regulating mammary gland development and it contributes to breast cancer development and progression. Most of the ER-negative breast cancers display more aggressive clinical behaviors and are resistant to antiestrogen therapies. In addition, many ER-negative tumors show insensitivity to many chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy, although mechanisms underlying this phenotype are less clear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted immunohistochemistry on 296 cases of breast cancer tissues using a variety of antibodies. On the basis of the clinical data, we conducted siRNA knockdown to study the role of ERα on ATM expression in breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we used antisense oligonucleotides against micro RNAs (miRNA) or miRNA overexpression plasmids to study the role of miR-18a and -106a on ATM expression. Finally we used in situ hybridization to assess miR-18a and -106a expression in breast cancer tissues. RESULTS We found that in ER-negative breast cancer tissues, expression of the ATM kinase, a critical DNA damage-response protein, is aberrantly upregulated. We also found that the locoregional recurrence rate after radiotherapy positively correlates with ATM expression. On the cellular level, we showed that ERα, but not ERβ, negatively regulates ATM expression. Furthermore, we identified that ERα activates miR-18a and -106a to downregulate ATM expression. We also showed that miR-18a and -106a were significantly underexpressed in ER-negative breast cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS We reveal a novel mechanism involving ERα and miR-18a and -106a regulation of ATM in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Guo
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hicks C, Koganti T, Brown AS, Monico J, Backus K, Miele L. Novel Integrative Genomics Approach for Associating GWAS Information with Intrinsic Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Cancer Inform 2013; 12:125-42. [PMID: 23761956 PMCID: PMC3663490 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s11452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have achieved great success in identifying common variants associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, GWAS do not typically provide information about the broader context in which genetic variants operate in different subtypes of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether genes containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, herein called genetic variants) are associated with different subtypes of breast cancer. Additionally, we sought to identify gene regulator networks and biological pathways enriched for these genetic variants. Using supervised analysis, we identified 201 genes that were significantly associated with the six intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. The results demonstrate that integrative genomics analysis is a powerful approach for linking GWAS information to distinct disease states and provide insights about the broader context in which genetic variants operate in different subtypes of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chindo Hicks
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS. ; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mladenov E, Magin S, Soni A, Iliakis G. DNA double-strand break repair as determinant of cellular radiosensitivity to killing and target in radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:113. [PMID: 23675572 PMCID: PMC3650303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an important role in the management of a wide range of cancers. Besides innovations in the physical application of radiation dose, radiation therapy is likely to benefit from novel approaches exploiting differences in radiation response between normal and tumor cells. While ionizing radiation induces a variety of DNA lesions, including base damages and single-strand breaks, the DNA double-strand break (DSB) is widely considered as the lesion responsible not only for the aimed cell killing of tumor cells, but also for the general genomic instability that leads to the development of secondary cancers among normal cells. Homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), and alternative NHEJ, operating as a backup, are the major pathways utilized by cells for the processing of DSBs. Therefore, their function represents a major mechanism of radiation resistance in tumor cells. HRR is also required to overcome replication stress – a potent contributor to genomic instability that fuels cancer development. HRR and alternative NHEJ show strong cell-cycle dependency and are likely to benefit from radiation therapy mediated redistribution of tumor cells throughout the cell-cycle. Moreover, the synthetic lethality phenotype documented between HRR deficiency and PARP inhibition has opened new avenues for targeted therapies. These observations make HRR a particularly intriguing target for treatments aiming to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy. Here, we briefly describe the major pathways of DSB repair and review their possible contribution to cancer cell radioresistance. Finally, we discuss promising alternatives for targeting DSB repair to improve radiation therapy and cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bisso A, Faleschini M, Zampa F, Capaci V, De Santa J, Santarpia L, Piazza S, Cappelletti V, Daidone M, Agami R, Del Sal G. Oncogenic miR-181a/b affect the DNA damage response in aggressive breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1679-87. [PMID: 23656790 PMCID: PMC3713126 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous tumor type characterized by a complex spectrum of molecular aberrations, resulting in a diverse array of malignant features and clinical outcomes. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that fuel breast cancer development and act as determinants of aggressiveness is a primary need to improve patient management. Among other alterations, aberrant expression of microRNAs has been found in breast cancer and other human tumors, where they act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors by virtue of their ability to finely modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we describe a new role for miR-181a/b as negative regulators of the DNA damage response in breast cancer, impacting on the expression and activity of the stress-sensor kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). We report that miR-181a and miR-181b were overexpressed in more aggressive breast cancers, and their expression correlates inversely with ATM levels. Moreover we demonstrate that deregulated expression of miR-181a/b determines the sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells to the poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase1 (PARP1) inhibition. These evidences suggest that monitoring the expression of miR-181a/b could be helpful in tailoring more effective treatments based on inhibition of PARP1 in breast and other tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bisso
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jamshidi M, Schmidt MK, Dörk T, Garcia-Closas M, Heikkinen T, Cornelissen S, van den Broek AJ, Schürmann P, Meyer A, Park-Simon TW, Figueroa J, Sherman M, Lissowska J, Keong GTH, Irwanto A, Laakso M, Hautaniemi S, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Liu J, Nevalinna H. Germline variation in TP53 regulatory network genes associates with breast cancer survival and treatment outcome. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2044-55. [PMID: 23034890 PMCID: PMC4159753 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Germline variation in the TP53 network genes PRKAG2, PPP2R2B, CCNG1, PIAS1 and YWHAQ was previously suggested to have an impact on drug response in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect on breast cancer survival of germline variation in these genes in 925 Finnish breast cancer patients and further analyzed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRKAG2 (rs1029946, rs4726050, rs6464153, rs7789699) and PPP2R2B (rs10477313) for 10-year survival in breast cancer patients, interaction with TP53 R72P and MDM2-SNP309, outcome after specific adjuvant therapy and correlation to tumor characteristics in 4,701 invasive cases from four data sets. We found evidence for carriers of PRKAG2-rs1029946 and PRKAG2-rs4726050 having improved survival in the pooled data (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; p = 0.023 for homozygous carriers of the rare G-allele and HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.7-0.9; p = 0.049 for carriers of the rare G allele, respectively). PRKAG2-rs4726050 showed a significant interaction with MDM2-SNP309, with PRKAG2-rs4726050 rare G-allele having a dose-dependent effect for better breast cancer survival confined only to MDM2 SNP309 rare G-allele carriers (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; p = 0.001). This interaction also emerged as an independent predictor of better survival (p = 0.047). PPP2R2B-rs10477313 rare A-allele was found to predict better survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.6-0.9; p = 0.018), especially after hormonal therapy (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p = 0.048). These findings warrant further studies and suggest that genetic markers in TP53 network genes such as PRKAG2 and PPP2R2B might affect prognosis and treatment outcome in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Female
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genotype
- Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Prognosis
- Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maral Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J van den Broek
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Mark Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marko Laakso
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heli Nevalinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Crown J, O'Shaughnessy J, Gullo G. Emerging targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 23 Suppl 6:vi56-65. [PMID: 23012305 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy regimens can prove effective for patients with early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, patients with advanced disease typically respond poorly and rapidly progress, and the outcome is poor. New targeted therapies are therefore an urgent unmet medical need for this patient population. Translational and clinical studies into new TNBC treatments have been facilitated by the increased understanding of the aberrant signal transduction pathways regulating growth and survival and the development of chemoresistance in TNBC. Some of the established targeted agents that have been approved in other indications may prove beneficial to patients with TNBC; however, in the absence of approved targeted agents for the treatment of TNBC, most new agents remain experimental. Increased understanding of molecular profiles of TNBC subtypes is likely to improve therapeutic strategies with targeted agents. Novel strategies have reached clinical evaluation in patients with TNBC, including targeting angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor and proliferation signalling (receptor tyrosine kinases and mammalian target of rapamycin). Aggressive TNBCs have been found to associate closely with BRCA1 mutation or dysregulation. The recent development of new investigational agents targeting DNA repair, either directly with poly(adenosine disphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or indirectly through DNA-binding or DNA-damage potentiation, is a major focus of current clinical studies. These and other targeted therapies represent a new approach to TNBC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Crown
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|