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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Azlyna ASN, Ahmad S, Husna SMN, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A, Norazmi MN, Mohamud R, Kadir R. Review: Liposomes in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases. Life Sci 2022; 305:120734. [PMID: 35760094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain as one of the major burdens among health communities as well as in the general public despite the advances in prevention and treatment. Although vaccination and vector eliminations have greatly prevented the transmission of these diseases, the effectiveness of these strategies is no longer guaranteed as new challenges such as drug resistance and toxicity as well as the missing effective therapeutics arise. Hence, the development of new tools to manage these challenges is anticipated, in which nano technology using liposomes as effective nanostructure is highly considered. In this review, we concentrate on the advantages of liposomes in the drug delivery system and the development of vaccine in the treatment of three major infectious diseases; tuberculosis (TB), malaria and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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3
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Tsamesidis I, Mousavizadeh F, Egwu CO, Amanatidou D, Pantaleo A, Benoit-Vical F, Reybier K, Giannis A. In Vitro and In Silico Antimalarial Evaluation of FM-AZ, a New Artemisinin Derivative. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9020008. [PMID: 35200752 PMCID: PMC8880451 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) are currently the frontline treatment against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but parasite resistance to artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives, core components of ACTs, is spreading in the Mekong countries. In this study, we report the synthesis of several novel artemisinin derivatives and evaluate their in vitro and in silico capacity to counteract Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance. Furthermore, recognizing that the malaria parasite devotes considerable resources to minimizing the oxidative stress that it creates during its rapid consumption of hemoglobin and the release of heme, we sought to explore whether further augmentation of this oxidative toxicity might constitute an important addition to artemisinins. The present report demonstrates, in vitro, that FM-AZ, a newly synthesized artemisinin derivative, has a lower IC50 than artemisinin in P. falciparum and a rapid action in killing the parasites. The docking studies for important parasite protein targets, PfATP6 and PfHDP, complemented the in vitro results, explaining the superior IC50 values of FM-AZ in comparison with ART obtained for the ART-resistant strain. However, cross-resistance between FM-AZ and artemisinins was evidenced in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsamesidis
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Universite de Toulouse III, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (C.O.E.); (K.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Farnoush Mousavizadeh
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04301 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Chinedu O. Egwu
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Universite de Toulouse III, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (C.O.E.); (K.R.)
- Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki 482131, Nigeria
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC—CNRS, Universite de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Dionysia Amanatidou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, LCC—CNRS, Universite de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Karine Reybier
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Universite de Toulouse III, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (C.O.E.); (K.R.)
| | - Athanassios Giannis
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04301 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (A.G.)
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Farmanpour-Kalalagh K, Beyraghdar Kashkooli A, Babaei A, Rezaei A, van der Krol AR. Artemisinins in Combating Viral Infections Like SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation and Cancers and Options to Meet Increased Global Demand. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:780257. [PMID: 35197994 PMCID: PMC8859114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.780257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is a natural bioactive sesquiterpene lactone containing an unusual endoperoxide 1, 2, 4-trioxane ring. It is derived from the herbal medicinal plant Artemisia annua and is best known for its use in treatment of malaria. However, recent studies also indicate the potential for artemisinin and related compounds, commonly referred to as artemisinins, in combating viral infections, inflammation and certain cancers. Moreover, the different potential modes of action of artemisinins make these compounds also potentially relevant to the challenges the world faces in the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial studies indicate positive effects of artemisinin or Artemisia spp. extracts to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 related symptoms and WHO-supervised clinical studies on the potential of artemisinins to combat COVID-19 are now in progress. However, implementing multiple potential new uses of artemisinins will require effective solutions to boost production, either by enhancing synthesis in A. annua itself or through biotechnological engineering in alternative biosynthesis platforms. Because of this renewed interest in artemisinin and its derivatives, here we review its modes of action, its potential application in different diseases including COVID-19, its biosynthesis and future options to boost production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Farmanpour-Kalalagh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli,
| | - Alireza Babaei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Chaniad P, Mungthin M, Payaka A, Viriyavejakul P, Punsawad C. Antimalarial properties and molecular docking analysis of compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera L. as new antimalarial agent candidates. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:144. [PMID: 34006257 PMCID: PMC8132342 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance has become a significant problem worldwide. There has been a challenge in searching for natural products for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera responsible for antimalarial properties and investigate potential interactions of the compounds with Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), an essential glycolytic enzyme in the parasite’s life cycle. Methods An in vitro study of antimalarial activity against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (K1 strain) and CQ-sensitive P. falciparum (3D7 strain) was performed using the 3H-hypoxanthine uptake inhibition method. The cytotoxic effects of the pure compounds were tested against Vero cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The interactions of the compounds with the PfLDH active site were additionally investigated using a molecular docking method. Results Quercetin (6) exhibited the highest antimalarial activity against the P. falciparum K1 and 3D7 strains, with IC50 values of 28.47 and 50.99 μM, respectively. 2,4,3′,5′-Tetrahydroxybibenzyl (9), 3,5-dimethoxyquercetin (4) and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (14) also possessed antimalarial effects against these two strains of P. falciparum. Most pure compounds were nontoxic against Vero cells at a concentration of 80 μg/ml, except for compound 9, which had a cytotoxic effect with a CC50 value of 16.71 μM. The molecular docking results indicated that 9 exhibited the best binding affinity to the PfLDH enzyme in terms of low binding energy (− 8.91 kcal/mol) and formed strong hydrogen bond interactions with GLY29, GLY32, THR97, GLY99, PHE100, THR101 and ASN140, amino acids as active sites. In addition, 6 also possessed remarkable binding affinity (− 8.53 kcal/mol) to PfLDH by interacting with GLY29, ILE31, ASP53, ILE54, THR97 and THR101. Conclusion Quercetin is a major active compound responsible for the antimalarial activity of D. bulbifera and is an inhibitor of PfLDH. These findings provide more evidence to support the traditional use of D. bulbifera for malaria treatment. Structural models of its interactions at the PfLDH active site are plausibly useful for the future design of antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Chaniad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Apirak Payaka
- School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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Abamecha A, Yilma D, Adissu W, Yewhalaw D, Abdissa A. Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J 2021; 20:213. [PMID: 33957925 PMCID: PMC8101141 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular monitoring of anti-malarial drug efficacy is vital for establishing rational malaria treatment guidelines and ensuring adequate treatment outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine for the management of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ethiopia. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Relevant published studies were searched from the databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Clinical trial registry) on published artemether–lumefantrine therapeutic efficacy studies conducted in Ethiopia from 2004 to 2020. The retrieved studies were assessed for quality using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies and modified Jadad scale for interventional studies. Risk of bias was also assessed by using ROBINS-I tool. OpenMeta-Analyst software was used for the statistical analysis. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42020201859. Results Fifteen studies (1523 participants) were included in the final analysis. The overall PCR-uncorrected pooled proportion of treatment success of artemether–lumefantrine therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria was 98.4% (95%CI 97.6–99.1). A random-effects model was used because of considerable heterogeneity [χ2 = 20.48, df (14), P = 0.011 and I2 = 31.65]. PCR-corrected pooled proportion of treatment success of artemether–lumefantrine therapy was 98.7% (95% CI 97.7–99.6). A random-effects model was used [χ2 = 7.37, df(6), P = 0.287 and I2 = 18.69]. Most studies included in the present review achieved a rapid reduction of fevers and parasitaemia between D0 and D3 of assessment. Adverse events were mostly mild and only two cases were reported as serious, but were not directly attributed to the drug. Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggests that artemether–lumefantrine therapy is efficacious and safe in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ethiopia. However, owing to the high risk of bias in the included studies, strong conclusions cannot be drawn. Further high-quality RCTs assessing anti-malarial efficacy and safety should be performed to demonstrates strong evidence of changes in parasite sensitivity to artemether–lumefantrine in Ethiopia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03745-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Abamecha
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biomedical, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
| | - Daniel Yilma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Wondimagegn Adissu
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Li YQ, Zheng Z, Liu QX, Lu X, Zhou D, Zhang J, Zheng H, Dai JG. Repositioning of Antiparasitic Drugs for Tumor Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670804. [PMID: 33996598 PMCID: PMC8117216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a strategy for identifying new antitumor drugs; this strategy allows existing and approved clinical drugs to be innovatively repurposed to treat tumors. Based on the similarities between parasitic diseases and cancer, recent studies aimed to investigate the efficacy of existing antiparasitic drugs in cancer. In this review, we selected two antihelminthic drugs (macrolides and benzimidazoles) and two antiprotozoal drugs (artemisinin and its derivatives, and quinolines) and summarized the research progresses made to date on the role of these drugs in cancer. Overall, these drugs regulate tumor growth via multiple targets, pathways, and modes of action. These antiparasitic drugs are good candidates for comprehensive, in-depth analyses of tumor occurrence and development. In-depth studies may improve the current tumor diagnoses and treatment regimens. However, for clinical application, current investigations are still insufficient, warranting more comprehensive analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Joof F, Goheen MM, Cerami C. Artemisinin Activity in Red Blood Cells from Anemic Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:271-275. [PMID: 33169662 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin combination therapies are the current frontline therapy for falciparum malaria. Artemisinin is activated by heme iron, and the consequent production of reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals results in rapid parasite clearance. Red blood cells (RBCs) from anemic iron-deficient individuals have decreased levels of heme, and such deficiencies are highly prevalent among children and pregnant women in malaria-endemic countries. We, therefore, investigated the possibility that host anemia could impair artemisinin activity and alter the drug sensitivity of artemisinin-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. We collected RBCs from anemic (n = 35) and nonanemic (n = 11) Gambian children between the ages of 2 and 24 months. Parasites grown in RBCs from both groups were assessed in vitro using the ring-stage survival assay with artemisinin-resistant and artemisinin-sensitive strains of P. falciparum. No differences were found in artemisinin sensitivity (P > 0.05), and there was no correlation between artemisinin activity and host hemoglobin levels. Standard antimalarial drug activity assays for representatives of the major classes of antimalarial drugs found no differences in the IC50 values against P. falciparum between anemic and nonanemic RBCs. We conclude that host anemia does not influence artemisinin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Joof
- 1Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Morgan M Goheen
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carla Cerami
- 1Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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Rapid and quantitative antimalarial drug efficacy testing via the magneto-optical detection of hemozoin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14025. [PMID: 32820190 PMCID: PMC7441145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of resistant Plasmodium species makes drug efficacy testing a crucial part of malaria control. Here we describe a novel assay for sensitive, fast and simple drug screening via the magneto-optical detection of hemozoin, a natural biomarker formed during the hemoglobin metabolism of Plasmodium species. By quantifying hemozoin production over the intraerythrocytic cycle, we reveal that hemozoin formation is already initiated by ~ 6–12 h old ring-stage parasites. We demonstrate that the new assay is capable of drug efficacy testing with incubation times as short as 6–10 h, using synchronized P. falciparum 3D7 cultures incubated with chloroquine, piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin. The determined 50% inhibitory concentrations agree well with values established by standard assays requiring significantly longer testing time. Accordingly, we conclude that magneto-optical hemozoin detection provides a practical approach for the quick assessment of drug effect with short incubation times, which may also facilitate stage-specific assessment of drug inhibitory effects.
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Maiolini M, Gause S, Taylor J, Steakin T, Shipp G, Lamichhane P, Deshmukh B, Shinde V, Bishayee A, Deshmukh RR. The War against Tuberculosis: A Review of Natural Compounds and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133011. [PMID: 32630150 PMCID: PMC7412169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterial organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pose a major threat to public health, especially in middle and low-income countries. Worldwide in 2018, approximately 10 million new cases of TB were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). There are a limited number of medications available to treat TB; additionally, multi-drug resistant TB and extensively-drug resistant TB strains are becoming more prevalent. As a result of various factors, such as increased costs of developing new medications and adverse side effects from current medications, researchers continue to evaluate natural compounds for additional treatment options. These substances have the potential to target bacterial cell structures and may contribute to successful treatment. For example, a study reported that green and black tea, which contains epigallocatechin gallate (a phenolic antioxidant), may decrease the risk of contracting TB in experimental subjects; cumin (a seed from the parsley plant) has been demonstrated to improve the bioavailability of rifampicin, an important anti-TB medication, and propolis (a natural substance produced by honeybees) has been shown to improve the binding affinity of anti-TB medications to bacterial cell structures. In this article, we review the opportunistic pathogen M. tuberculosis, various potential therapeutic targets, available therapies, and natural compounds that may have anti-TB properties. In conclusion, different natural compounds alone as well as in combination with already approved medication regimens should continue to be investigated as treatment options for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Maiolini
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (S.G.); (J.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Stacey Gause
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (S.G.); (J.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Jerika Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (S.G.); (J.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Tara Steakin
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (S.G.); (J.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Ginger Shipp
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Purushottam Lamichhane
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Bhushan Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 001, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Vaibhav Shinde
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-411 038, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: or (A.B.); (R.R.D.); Tel.: +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.); +1-941-782-5646 (R.R.D.)
| | - Rahul R. Deshmukh
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: or (A.B.); (R.R.D.); Tel.: +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.); +1-941-782-5646 (R.R.D.)
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11
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Peterková L, Kmoníčková E, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Inhibitors: Beyond Anticancer Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1937-1963. [PMID: 32030976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), which plays a key role in the maintenance of Ca2+ ion homeostasis, is an extensively studied enzyme, the inhibition of which has a considerable impact on cell life and death decision. To date, several SERCA inhibitors have been thoroughly studied and the most notable one, a derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin, is gradually approaching a clinical application. Meanwhile, new compounds with SERCA-inhibiting properties of natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic origin are being discovered and/or developed; some of these might also be suitable for the development of new drugs with improved performance. This review brings an up-to-date comprehensive overview of recently discovered compounds with the potential of SERCA inhibition, discusses their mechanism of action, and highlights their potential clinical applications, such as cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Peterková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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12
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Mach J, Sutak R. Iron in parasitic protists – from uptake to storage and where we can interfere. Metallomics 2020; 12:1335-1347. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of iron metabolism in parasitic protists and its potential use as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mach
- Department of Parasitology
- Faculty of Science - BIOCEV
- Charles University
- Vestec u Prahy
- Czech Republic
| | - Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology
- Faculty of Science - BIOCEV
- Charles University
- Vestec u Prahy
- Czech Republic
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13
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Cui H, Chen X, Bai M, Han D, Lin L, Dong M. Multipathway Antibacterial Mechanism of a Nanoparticle-Supported Artemisinin Promoted by Nitrogen Plasma Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47299-47310. [PMID: 31797661 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin has excellent antimalarial, antiparasitic, and antibacterial activities; however, the poor water solubility of artemisinin crystal limits their application in antibiosis. Herein, artemisinin crystal was first composited with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) to form an artemisinin@silica nanoparticle (A@SNP). After treating with nitrogen plasma, the aqueous solubility of plasma-treated A@SNP (A@SNP-p) approaches 42.26%, which is possibly attributed to the exposure of hydrophilic groups such as -OH groups on the SNPs during the plasma process. Compared with the pristine A@SNP, the antibacterial activity of A@SNP-p against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains is further enhanced, and its bactericidal rate against both strains exceeded 6 log CFU/mL (>99.9999%), which is contributed by the increased water solubility of the A@SNP-p. A possible multipathway antibacterial mechanism of A@SNP was proposed and preliminarily proved by the changes of intracellular materials of bacteria and the inhibition of bacterial metabolism processes, including the HMP pathway in Gram-negative strain and EMP pathway in Gram-positive strain, after treating with A@SNP-p. These findings from the present work will provide a new view for fabricating artemisinin-based materials as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- School of Food & Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Aarhus University , Aarhus 8000 , Denmark
| | - Mei Bai
- School of Food & Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing , China 100190
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food & Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Aarhus University , Aarhus 8000 , Denmark
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14
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Exploring Antimalarial Herbal Plants across Communities in Uganda Based on Electronic Data. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3057180. [PMID: 31636682 PMCID: PMC6766105 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3057180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most rampant diseases today not only in Uganda but also throughout Africa. Hence, it needs very close attention as it can be severe, causing many deaths, especially due to the rising prevalence of pathogenic resistance to current antimalarial drugs. The majority of the Ugandan population relies on traditional herbal medicines for various health issues. Thus, herein, we review various plant resources used to treat malaria across communities in Uganda so as to provide comprehensive and valuable ethnobotanical data about these plants. Approximately 182 plant species from 63 different plant families are used for malaria treatment across several communities in Uganda, of which 112 plant species have been investigated for antimalarial activities and 96% of the plant species showing positive results. Some plants showed very strong antimalarial activities and could be investigated further for the identification and validation of potentially therapeutic antimalarial compounds. There is no record of an investigation of antimalarial activity for approximately 39% of the plant species used for malaria treatment, yet these plants could be potential sources for potent antimalarial remedies. Thus, the review provides guidance for areas of further research on potential plant resources that could be sources of compounds with therapeutic properties for the treatment of malaria. Some of the plants were investigated for antimalarial activities, and their efficacy, toxicity, and safety aspects still need to be studied.
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15
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Development of artemisinin resistance in malaria therapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Simm C, May RC. Zinc and Iron Homeostasis: Target-Based Drug Screening as New Route for Antifungal Drug Development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:181. [PMID: 31192169 PMCID: PMC6548825 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal diseases is on the rise and the number of fatalities is still unacceptably high. While advances into antifungal drug development have been made there remains an urgent need to develop novel antifungal agents targeting as-yet unexploited pathways, such as metal ion homeostasis. Here we report such an approach by developing a metal sensor screen in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Using this reporter strain, we screened a library of 1,200 compounds and discovered several active compounds not previously described as chemical entities with antifungal properties. Two of these, artemisinin and pyrvinium pamoate, have been further characterized and their interference with metal homeostasis and potential as novel antifungal compounds validated. Lastly, we demonstrate that the same strain can be used to report on intracellular conditions within host phagocytes, paving the way toward the development of novel screening platforms that could identify compounds with the potential to perturb ion homeostasis of the pathogen specifically within host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simm
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin C May
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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17
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Greenshields AL, Fernando W, Hoskin DW. The anti-malarial drug artesunate causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of triple-negative MDA-MB-468 and HER2-enriched SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Tse EG, Korsik M, Todd MH. The past, present and future of anti-malarial medicines. Malar J 2019; 18:93. [PMID: 30902052 PMCID: PMC6431062 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in recent years to reduce the high level of suffering caused by malaria worldwide. Notably, the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for malaria prevention and the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for malaria treatment have made a significant impact. Nevertheless, the development of resistance to the past and present anti-malarial drugs highlights the need for continued research to stay one step ahead. New drugs are needed, particularly those with new mechanisms of action. Here the range of anti-malarial medicines developed over the years are reviewed, beginning with the discovery of quinine in the early 1800s, through to modern day ACT and the recently-approved tafenoquine. A number of new potential anti-malarial drugs currently in development are outlined, along with a description of the hit to lead campaign from which it originated. Finally, promising novel mechanisms of action for these and future anti-malarial medicines are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin G Tse
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Marat Korsik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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19
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Romero AH. Role of Trifluoromethyl Substitution in Design of Antimalarial Quinolones: a Comprehensive Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:9. [PMID: 30835005 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Malaria represents a significant health issue, and novel effective drugs are needed to address parasite resistance that has emerged to the current drug arsenal. The most popular antimalarial drugs are focused on the 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline [e.g., chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AQ), isoquine (IQ), and tebuquine (TBQ)], artemisinin, and atovaquone systems. Recently, endochin has been used as a platform to design a variety of novel potent and safe antimalarial agents named endochin-like quinolones (ELQs). Also, antimalarial quinolones have been constructed from other quinolones drugs such as ICI-56780 and floxacrine. Trifluoromethyl substitution has provided a significant increase in the antimalarial response of many of the designed ELQs against Plasmodium-resistant strains and for in vivo models. In particular, attachment of a substituted trifluoromethoxy (or trifluoromethyl in some cases) biaryl side chain at 2-, 3-, 4-, or 6-position of the quinolone core has shown to be crucially important to generate selective and potent novel ELQs. Furthermore, 6-chloro and 7-methoxy moieties on the quinolone core have been identified as essential pharmacophores when the trifluoromethoxy biaryl side chain is placed at 2- or 3-position of the quinolone core. Methyl or ethyl ester attached at 3-position is essential when the trifluoromethoxy aryl side chain is attached at 6- or 7-position of the quinolone core. Some promising ELQs are currently under clinical trials, representing an excellent platform for the design of new potent, selective, effective, and safe antimalarial drugs against emergent resistance malarial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Romero
- Cátedra de Química General, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas, 1041-A, Venezuela.
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20
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Kumari A, Karnatak M, Singh D, Shankar R, Jat JL, Sharma S, Yadav D, Shrivastava R, Verma VP. Current scenario of artemisinin and its analogues for antimalarial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:804-829. [PMID: 30579122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human malaria, one of the most striking, reemerging infectious diseases, is caused by several types of Plasmodium parasites. Whilst advances have been made in lowering the numbers of cases and deaths, it is clear that a strategy based solely on disease control year on year, without reducing transmission and ultimately eradicating the parasite, is unsustainable. Natural products have served as a template for the design and development of antimalarial drugs currently in the clinic or in the development phase. Artemisinin combine potent, rapid antimalarial activity with a wide therapeutic index and an absence of clinically important resistance. The alkylating ability of artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogues toward heme related to their antimalarial efficacy are underlined. Although impressive results have already been achieved in malaria research, more systematization and concentration of efforts are required if real breakthroughs are to be made. This review will concisely cover the clinical, preclinical antimalarial and current updates in artemisinin based antimalarial drugs. Diverse classes of semi-synthetic analogs of artemisinin reported in the last decade have also been extensively studied. The experience gained in this respect is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jawahar L Jat
- Department of Applied Chemistry, BabaSaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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21
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Pellicer J, Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Carrió E, Ernst M, Garnatje T, Grace OM, Gras A, Mumbrú M, Vallès J, Vitales D, Rønsted N. A phylogenetic road map to antimalarial Artemisia species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:1-9. [PMID: 29936053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The discovery of the antimalarial agent artemisinin is considered one of the most significant success stories of ethnopharmacological research in recent times. The isolation of artemisinin was inspired by the use of Artemisia annua in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2015. Antimalarial activity has since been demonstrated for a range of other Artemisia species, suggesting that the genus could provide alternative sources of antimalarial treatments. Given the stunning diversity of the genus (c. 500 species), a prioritisation of taxa to be investigated for their likely antimalarial properties is required. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we use a phylogenetic approach to explore the potential for identifying species more likely to possess antimalarial properties. Ethnobotanical data from literature reports is recorded for 117 species. Subsequent phylogenetically informed analysis was used to identify lineages in which there is an overrepresentation of species used to treat malarial symptoms, and which could therefore be high priority for further investigation of antimalarial activity. RESULTS We show that these lineages indeed include several species with documented antimalarial activity. To further inform our approach, we use LC-MS/MS analysis to explore artemisinin content in fifteen species from both highlighted and not highlighted lineages. We detected artemisinin in nine species, in eight of them for the first time, doubling the number of Artemisia taxa known to content this molecule. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that artemisinin may be widespread across the genus, providing an accessible local resource outside the distribution area of Artemisia annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Pellicer
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - C Haris Saslis-Lagoudakis
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Esperança Carrió
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia sn, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olwen M Grace
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - Airy Gras
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Màrius Mumbrú
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia sn, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark.
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22
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Khamis D, El Mouden C, Kura K, Bonsall MB. Optimal control of malaria: combining vector interventions and drug therapies. Malar J 2018; 17:174. [PMID: 29690874 PMCID: PMC5937842 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile insect technique and transgenic equivalents are considered promising tools for controlling vector-borne disease in an age of increasing insecticide and drug-resistance. Combining vector interventions with artemisinin-based therapies may achieve the twin goals of suppressing malaria endemicity while managing artemisinin resistance. While the cost-effectiveness of these controls has been investigated independently, their combined usage has not been dynamically optimized in response to ecological and epidemiological processes. RESULTS An optimal control framework based on coupled models of mosquito population dynamics and malaria epidemiology is used to investigate the cost-effectiveness of combining vector control with drug therapies in homogeneous environments with and without vector migration. The costs of endemic malaria are weighed against the costs of administering artemisinin therapies and releasing modified mosquitoes using various cost structures. Larval density dependence is shown to reduce the cost-effectiveness of conventional sterile insect releases compared with transgenic mosquitoes with a late-acting lethal gene. Using drug treatments can reduce the critical vector control release ratio necessary to cause disease fadeout. CONCLUSIONS Combining vector control and drug therapies is the most effective and efficient use of resources, and using optimized implementation strategies can substantially reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doran Khamis
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Claire El Mouden
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Klodeta Kura
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Michael B. Bonsall
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
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23
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Diedrich D, Wildner AC, Silveira TF, Silva GNS, Santos FD, da Silva EF, do Canto VP, Visioli F, Gosmann G, Bergold AM, Zimmer AR, Netz PA, Gnoatto SCB. SERCA plays a crucial role in the toxicity of a betulinic acid derivative with potential antimalarial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:70-77. [PMID: 29604267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most significant infectious diseases that affect poor populations in tropical areas throughout the world. Plants have been shown to be a good source for the development of new antimalarial chemotherapeutic agents, as shown for the discovery of quinine and artemisinin derivatives. Our research group has been working with semisynthetic triterpene derivatives that show potential antimalarial activity toward different strains of Plasmodium falciparum by specifically modulating calcium pathways in the parasite. Promising results were obtained for nanomolar concentrations of the semisynthetic betulinic acid derivative LAFIS13 against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain in vitro, with a selectivity index of 18 compared to a mammalian cell line. Continuing these studies, we present here in vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluations of this compound, followed by docking studies with PfATP6, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca+2-ATPase (SERCA) protein. LAFIS13 showed an LD50 between 300 and 50 mg/kg, and the acute administration of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) had no negative effects on hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Based on the results of the in vitro assays, LAFIS13 not exerted significant effects on coagulation parameters of human peripheral blood, but a hemolytic activity was verified at higher concentrations. According to the molecular docking study, the PfATP6 protein may be a target for LAFIS13, which corroborates its previously reported modulatory effects on calcium homeostasis in the parasite. Notably, LAFIS13 showed a higher selectivity for the mammalian SERCA protein than for PfATP6, thus impairing the selectivity between parasite and host. In summary, the direct interaction with calcium pumps and the hemolytic potential of the compound proved to be plausible mechanism of LAFIS13 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Diedrich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Wildner
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Thayse F Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gloria N S Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Francine Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Elenilson F da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P do Canto
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ana M Bergold
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Netz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Simone C B Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Dohutia C, Chetia D, Gogoi K, Bhattacharyya DR, Sarma K. Molecular docking, synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation of certain novel curcumin analogues. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Badshah SL, Ullah A, Ahmad N, Almarhoon ZM, Mabkhot Y. Increasing the Strength and Production of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E100. [PMID: 29301383 PMCID: PMC6017432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the Artemisia annua herb. It is widely used for the treatment of malaria. In this article, we have reviewed the role of artemisinin in controlling malaria, spread of resistance to artemisinin and the different methods used for its large scale production. The highest amount of artemisinin gene expression in tobacco leaf chloroplast leads to the production of 0.8 mg/g of the dry weight of the plant. This will revolutionize the treatment and control of malaria in third world countries. Furthermore, the generations of novel derivatives of artemisinin- and trioxane ring structure-inspired compounds are important for the treatment of malaria caused by resistant plasmodial species. Synthetic endoperoxide-like artefenomel and its derivatives are crucial for the control of malaria and such synthetic compounds should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahia Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Singh A, Kaushik R, Kuntal H, Jayaram B. PvaxDB: a comprehensive structural repository of Plasmodium vivax proteome. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2018; 2018:4938395. [PMID: 29688373 PMCID: PMC5852996 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The severity of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax worldwide and its resistance against the available general antimalarial drugs has created an urgent need for a comprehensive insight into its biology and biochemistry for developing some novel potential vaccines and therapeutics. P.vivax comprises 5392 proteins mostly predicted, out of which 4211 are soluble proteins and 2205 of these belong to blood and liver stages of malarial cycle. Presently available public resources report functional annotation (gene ontology) of only 28% (627 proteins) of the enzymatic soluble proteins and experimental structures are determined for only 42 proteins P. vivax proteome. In this milieu of severe paucity of structural and functional data, we have generated structures of 2205 soluble proteins, validated them thoroughly, identified their binding pockets (including active sites) and annotated their function increasing the coverage from the existing 28% to 100%. We have pooled all this information together and created a database christened as PvaxDB, which furnishes extensive sequence, structure, ligand binding site and functional information. We believe PvaxDB could be helpful in identifying novel protein drug targets, expediting development of new drugs to combat malaria. This is also the first attempt to create a reliable comprehensive computational structural repository of all the soluble proteins of P. vivax. Database URL: http://www.scfbio-iitd.res.in/PvaxDB
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India.,Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, IIT Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, IIT Delhi, Delhi, India.,Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Himani Kuntal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - B Jayaram
- Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, IIT Delhi, Delhi, India.,Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, Delhi, India
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From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:65-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mohring F, Rahbari M, Zechmann B, Rahlfs S, Przyborski JM, Meyer AJ, Becker K. Determination of glutathione redox potential and pH value in subcellular compartments of malaria parasites. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:104-117. [PMID: 28062360 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is exposed to multiple sources of oxidative challenge during its complex life cycle in the Anopheles vector and its human host. In order to further elucidate redox-based parasite host cell interactions and mechanisms of drug action, we targeted the genetically encoded glutathione redox sensor roGFP2 coupled to human glutaredoxin 1 (roGFP2-hGrx1) as well as the ratiometric pH sensor pHluorin to the apicoplast and the mitochondrion of P. falciparum. Using live cell imaging, this allowed for the first time the determination of the pH values of the apicoplast (7.12±0.40) and mitochondrion (7.37±0.09) in the intraerythrocytic asexual stages of the parasite. Based on the roGFP2-hGrx1 signals, glutathione-dependent redox potentials of -267mV and -328mV, respectively, were obtained. Employing these novel tools, initial studies on the effects of redox-active agents and clinically employed antimalarial drugs were carried out on both organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Mohring
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mahsa Rahbari
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jude M Przyborski
- Parasitology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Dohutia C, Chetia D, Gogoi K, Sarma K. Design, in silico and in vitro evaluation of curcumin analogues against Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol 2017; 175:51-58. [PMID: 28188731 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenolic compound curcumin has been reported for its antimalarial properties in various scientific studies. Plasmodium falciparum ATP6, the parasite orthologue of mammalian sarcoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) has been identified as a key molecular target of both artemisinin and curcumin. The work was thereby undertaken to study the anti-malarial properties of two different series of curcumin analogues based on their docking interactions with PfATP6 and correlating the results with their anti-malarial activity. The compounds were designed retaining similar functional groups as that of the parent curcumin nucleus while incorporating changes in the carbon chain length, unsaturated groups and the number of ketone groups. The compounds (1E, 4E)-1,5-bis(4-methylphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (CD-9), (1E, 4E)-1,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (CD-8) and (E)-1,3-bis(4-hydroxylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (CD-1) showed IC50 values of 1.642 μM, 1.764 μM and 2.59 μM in 3D7 strain and 3.039 μM, 7.40 μM and 11.3 μM in RKL-2 strain respectively. Detailed structure-activity relationship studies of the compounds showed that CD-9 and CD-8 had a common hydrophobic interaction with the residue Leu268 of the PfATP6 protein and has been postulated through our study to be the reason for their antimalarial activity as seen after corroborating the results with the in vitro study. The study provided valuable insight about the ligand-protein interaction of the various functional groups of curcumin and its analogues against the PfATP6 protein and their importance in imparting antimalarial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajit Dohutia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India.
| | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India
| | - Kabita Gogoi
- Regional Medical Research Centre NE (Indian Council of Medical Research), Dibrugarh 786001, India
| | - Kishore Sarma
- Regional Medical Research Centre NE (Indian Council of Medical Research), Dibrugarh 786001, India
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Shandilya A, Hoda N, Khan S, Jameel E, Kumar J, Jayaram B. De novo lead optimization of triazine derivatives identifies potent antimalarials. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 71:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Structure prediction and functional analysis of a non-permutated lectin from Dioclea grandiflora. Biochimie 2016; 131:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Wah ST, Hananantachai H, Kerdpin U, Plabplueng C, Prachayasittikul V, Nuchnoi P. Molecular basis of human cerebral malaria development. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:33. [PMID: 27708543 PMCID: PMC5037602 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is still a deleterious health problem in tropical countries. The wide spread of malarial drug resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine are obstacles for disease management and prevention. Parasite and human genetic factors play important roles in malaria susceptibility and disease severity. The malaria parasite exerted a potent selective signature on the human genome, which is apparent in the genetic polymorphism landscape of genes related to pathogenesis. Currently, much genomic data and a novel body of knowledge, including the identification of microRNAs, are being increasingly accumulated for the development of laboratory testing cassettes for cerebral malaria prevention. Therefore, understanding of the underlying complex molecular basis of cerebral malaria is important for the design of strategy for cerebral malaria treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Thu Wah
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | | | - Usanee Kerdpin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Chotiros Plabplueng
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand ; Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornlada Nuchnoi
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand ; Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Khan P, Shandilya A, Jayaram B, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Effect of pH on the stability of hemochromatosis factor E: a combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation-based study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1582-1598. [PMID: 27174123 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1189359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an iron overburden condition, which is mainly governed by hereditary hemochromatosis factor E (HFE), a member of major histocompatibility complex class I. To understand the effect of pH on the structure and stability of HFE, we have cloned, expressed, and purified the HFE in the bacterial system and performed circular dichroism, fluorescence, and absorbance measurements at a wide pH range (pH 3.0-11.0). We found that HFE remains stable in the pH range 7.5-11.0 and gets completely acid denatured at low pH values. In this work, we also analyzed the contribution of salt bridges to the stability of HFE. We further performed molecular dynamics simulations for 80 ns at different pH values. An excellent agreement was observed between results from biophysical and MD simulation studies. At lower pH, HFE undergoes denaturation and may be driven toward a degradation pathway, such as ubiquitination. Hence, HFE is not available to bind again with transferrin receptor1 to negatively regulate iron homeostasis. Further we postulated that, might be low pH of cancerous cells helps them to meet their high iron requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Ashutosh Shandilya
- b Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - B Jayaram
- b Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Asimul Islam
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025 , India
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34
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Thirumal Kumar D, George Priya Doss C, Sneha P, Tayubi IA, Siva R, Chakraborty C, Magesh R. Influence of V54M mutation in giant muscle protein titin: a computational screening and molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:917-928. [PMID: 27125723 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1166456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have revealed the impact of mutations in associated genes for cardiac sarcomere components leading to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The cardiac sarcomere is composed of thick and thin filaments and a giant muscle protein known as titin or connectin. Titin interacts with T-cap/telethonin in the Z-line region and plays a vital role in regulating sarcomere assembly. Initially, we screened all the variants associated with giant protein titin and analyzed their impact with the aid of pathogenicity and stability prediction methods. V54M mutation found in the hydrophobic core region of the protein associated with abnormal clinical phenotype leads to DCM was selected for further analysis. To address this issue, we mapped the deleterious mutant V54M, modeled the mutant protein complex, and deciphered the impact of mutation on binding with its partner telethonin in the titin crystal structure of PDB ID: 1YA5 with the aid of docking analysis. Furthermore, two run molecular dynamics simulation was initiated to understand the mechanistic action of V54M mutation in altering the protein structure, dynamics, and stability. According to the results obtained from the repeated 50 ns trajectory files, the overall effect of V54M mutation was destabilizing and transition of bend to coil in the secondary structure was observed. Furthermore, MMPBSA elucidated that V54M found in the Z-line region of titin decreases the binding affinity of titin to Z-line proteins T-cap/telethonin thereby hindering the protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thirumal Kumar
- a School of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu 632014 , India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- a School of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu 632014 , India
| | - P Sneha
- a School of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu 632014 , India
| | - Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi
- a School of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu 632014 , India.,b Faculty of Computing and Information Technology , King Abdulaziz University , Rabigh 21911 , Saudi Arabia
| | - R Siva
- a School of Biosciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu 632014 , India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- c Department of Bio-informatics , School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University , Greater Noida , Uttar Pradesh 201306 , India
| | - R Magesh
- d Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology & Research, Department of Biotechnology , Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai , Tamil Nadu 600116 , India
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35
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Raphemot R, Posfai D, Derbyshire ER. Current therapies and future possibilities for drug development against liver-stage malaria. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2013-20. [PMID: 27249674 DOI: 10.1172/jci82981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global public health threat, with half of the world's population at risk. Despite numerous efforts in the past decade to develop new antimalarial drugs to surmount increasing resistance to common therapies, challenges remain in the expansion of the current antimalarial arsenal for the elimination of this disease. The requirement of prophylactic and radical cure activities for the next generation of antimalarial drugs demands that new research models be developed to support the investigation of the elusive liver stage of the malaria parasite. In this Review, we revisit current antimalarial therapies and discuss recent advances for in vitro and in vivo malaria research models of the liver stage and their importance in probing parasite biology and the discovery of novel drug candidates.
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36
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Molecular basis for the affinity and specificity in the binding of five-membered iminocyclitols with glycosidases: an experimental and theoretical synergy. Carbohydr Res 2016; 429:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Discovered by Youyou Tu, one of the 2015 Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, together with many other Chinese scientists, artemisinin, artemether and artesunate, as well as other artemisinins, have brought the global anti-malarial treatment to a new era, saving millions of lives all around the world for the past 40 years. The discoveries of artemisinins were carried out beginning from the 1970s, a special period in China, by hundreds of scientists all together under the "whole nation" system. This article focusing on medicinal chemistry research, briefly introduced the discovery and invention course of the scientists according to the published papers, and highlighted their academic contribution and achievements.
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38
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Greenshields AL, Shepherd TG, Hoskin DW. Contribution of reactive oxygen species to ovarian cancer cell growth arrest and killing by the anti-malarial drug artesunate. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:75-93. [PMID: 26878598 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women and the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world. The morbidity and mortality of ovarian cancer underscore the need for novel treatment options. Artesunate (ART) is a well-tolerated anti-malarial drug that also has anti-cancer activity. In this study, we show that ART inhibited the in vitro growth of a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as the growth of ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients. Moreover, ART decreased tumor growth in vivo in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. ART-treated ovarian cancer cells showed a strong induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced proliferation. ROS-dependent cell cycle arrest occurred in the G2/M phase whereas ROS-independent cell cycle arrest occurred in the G1 phase, depending on the concentration of ART to which ovarian cancer cells were exposed. The anti-proliferative effect of ART was associated with altered expression of several key cell cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin D3, E2F-1, and p21, as well as inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Exposure of ovarian cancer cells to higher concentrations of ART resulted in ROS-dependent DNA damage and cell death. Pretreatment of ovarian cancer cells with a pan-caspase inhibitor or ferroptosis inhibitor decreased but did not completely eliminate ART-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting the involvement of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways of killing. These data show that ART has potent anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on ovarian cancer cells, and may therefore be useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Palaniappan C, Rao S, Ramalingam R. Unraveling the molecular effects of mutation L270P on Wiskkot–Aldrich syndrome protein: insights from molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2011-22. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Palaniappan
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sethumadhavan Rao
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekaran Ramalingam
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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40
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Mallo N, Lamas J, DeFelipe AP, Sueiro RA, Fontenla F, Leiro JM. Enzymes Involved in Pyrophosphate and Calcium Metabolism as Targets for Anti-scuticociliate Chemotherapy. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 63:505-15. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mallo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jesús Lamas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología; Facultad de Biología; Instituto de Acuicultura; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ana-Paula DeFelipe
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Rosa-Ana Sueiro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología; Facultad de Biología; Instituto de Acuicultura; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francisco Fontenla
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología; Facultad de Biología; Instituto de Acuicultura; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José-Manuel Leiro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Pandey N, Pandey-Rai S. Updates on artemisinin: an insight to mode of actions and strategies for enhanced global production. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:15-30. [PMID: 25813833 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of traditional Chinese drug, artemisinin, originally derived from Artemisia annua L., in malaria therapy has now been globally accepted. Artemisinin and its derivatives, with their established safety records, form the first line of malaria treatment via artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs). In addition to its antimalarial effects, artemisinin has recently been evaluated in terms of its antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, antileishmanial, antischistosomiatic, herbicidal and other properties. However, low levels of artemisinin in plants have emerged various conventional, transgenic and nontransgenic approaches for enhanced production of the drug. According to WHO (2014), approximately 3.2 billion people are at risk of this disease. However, unfortunately, artemisinin availability is still facing its short supply. To fulfil artemisinin's global demand, no single method alone is reliable, and there is a need to collectively use conventional and advanced approaches for its higher production. Further, it is the unique structure of artemisinin that makes it a potential drug not only against malaria but to other diseases as well. Execution of its action through multiple mechanisms is probably the reason behind its wide spectrum of action. Unfortunately, due to clues for developing artemisinin resistance in malaria parasites, it has become desirable to explore all possible modes of action of artemisinin so that new generation antimalarial drugs can be developed in future. The present review provides a comprehensive updates on artemisinin modes of action and strategies for enhanced artemisinin production at global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Pandey-Rai
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Siwo GH, Smith RS, Tan A, Button-Simons KA, Checkley LA, Ferdig MT. An integrative analysis of small molecule transcriptional responses in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1030. [PMID: 26637195 PMCID: PMC4670519 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptional responses to small molecules can provide insights into drug mode of action (MOA). The capacity of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to respond specifically to transcriptional perturbations has been unclear based on past approaches. Here, we present the most extensive profiling to date of the parasite’s transcriptional responsiveness to thirty-one chemically and functionally diverse small molecules. Methods We exposed two laboratory strains of the human malaria parasite P. falciparum to brief treatments of thirty-one chemically and functionally diverse small molecules associated with biological effects across multiple pathways based on various levels of evidence. We investigated the impact of chemical composition and MOA on gene expression similarities that arise between perturbations by various compounds. To determine the target biological pathways for each small molecule, we developed a novel framework for encoding small molecule effects on a spectra of biological processes or GO functions that are enriched in the differentially expressed genes of a given small molecule perturbation. Results We find that small molecules associated with similar transcriptional responses contain similar chemical features, and/ or have a shared MOA. The approach also revealed complex relationships between drugs and biological pathways that are missed by most exisiting approaches. For example, the approach was able to partition small molecule responses into drug-specific effects versus non-specific effects. Conclusions Our work provides a new framework for linking transcriptional responses to drug MOA in P. falciparum and can be generalized for the same purpose in other organisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2165-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey H Siwo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Current Address: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA.,Current Address: IBM Research-Africa, South Africa Lab, Sandton, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
| | - Roger S Smith
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Current Address: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Asako Tan
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Epicenter, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Katrina A Button-Simons
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lisa A Checkley
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Michael T Ferdig
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Zhang X, Ba Q, Gu Z, Guo D, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Ye D, Liu H. Fluorescent Coumarin-Artemisinin Conjugates as Mitochondria-Targeting Theranostic Probes for Enhanced Anticancer Activities. Chemistry 2015; 21:17415-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hughes D, Andersson DI. Evolutionary consequences of drug resistance: shared principles across diverse targets and organisms. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:459-71. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Leow CY, Willis C, Hofmann A, Jones MK. Structure-function analysis of apical membrane-associated molecules of the tegument of schistosome parasites of humans: prospects for identification of novel targets for parasite control. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1653-63. [PMID: 25176442 PMCID: PMC4376446 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a group of some 17 diseases that afflict poor and predominantly rural people in developing nations. One significant disease that contributes to substantial morbidity in endemic areas is schistosomiasis, caused by infection with one of five species of blood fluke belonging to the trematode genus Schistosoma. Although there is one drug available for treatment of affected individuals in clinics, or for mass administration in endemic regions, there is a need for new therapies. A prominent target organ of schistosomes, either for drug or vaccine development, is the peculiar epithelial syncytium that forms the body wall (tegument) of this parasite. This dynamic layer is maintained and organized by concerted activity of a range of proteins, among which are the abundant tegumentary annexins. In this review, we will outline advances in structure-function analyses of these annexins, as a means to understanding tegument cell biology in host-parasite interaction and their potential exploitation as targets for anti-schistosomiasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of QueenslandGatton, Queensland, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerston, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang, Malaysia
| | - Charlene Willis
- Infectious Diseases, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerston, Queensland, Australia
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith UniversityBrisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith UniversityBrisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of MelbourneParkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of QueenslandGatton, Queensland, Australia
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Khan S, Ali A, Ahmad S, Abdin MZ. Affordable and rapid HPTLC method for the simultaneous analysis of artemisinin and its metabolite artemisinic acid in Artemisia annua L. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1594-603. [PMID: 25829259 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin (AN) and artemisinic acid (AA), valuable phyto-pharmaceutical molecules, are well known anti-malarials, but their activities against diseases like cancer, schistosomiasis, HIV, hepatitis-B and leishmaniasis are also being reported. For the simultaneous estimation of AN and AA in the callus and leaf extracts of A. annua L. plants, we embarked upon a simple, rapid, selective, reliable and fairly economical high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Experimental conditions such as band size, chamber saturation time, migration of solvent front and slit width were critically studied and the optimum conditions were selected. The separations were achieved using toluene-ethyl acetate, 9:1 (v/v) as mobile phase on pre-coated silica gel plates, G 60F254 . Good resolution was achieved with Rf values of 0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.02 at 536 nm for AN and 626 nm for AA, respectively, in absorption-reflectance mode. The method displayed a linear relationship with r(2) value 0.992 and 0.994 for AN and AA, respectively, in the concentration range of 300-1500 ng for AN and 200-1000 ng for AA. The method was validated for specificity by obtaining in-situ UV overlay spectra and sensitivity by estimating limit of detection (30 ng for AN and 15 ng for AA) and limit of quantitation (80 ng for AN and 45 ng for AA) values. The accuracy was checked by the recovery studies conducted at three different levels with the known concentrations and the average percentage recovery was 101.99% for AN and 103.84% for AA. The precision was analyzed by interday and intraday precision and was 1.09 and 1.00% RSD for AN and 1.22 and 6.05% RSD for AA. The analysis of statistical data substantiates that this HPTLC method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of AN and AA in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Khan
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Athar Ali
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Szychowski J, Truchon JF, Bennani YL. Natural products in medicine: transformational outcome of synthetic chemistry. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9292-308. [PMID: 25144261 DOI: 10.1021/jm500941m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review brings to the forefront key synthetic modifications on natural products (NPs) that have yielded successful drugs. The emphasis is placed on the power of targeted chemical transformations in enhancing the therapeutic value of NPs through optimization of pharmacokinetics, stability, potency, and/or selectivity. Multiple classes of NPs such as macrolides, opioids, steroids, and β-lactams used to treat a variety of conditions such as cancers, infections, inflammation are exemplified. Molecular modeling or X-ray structures of NP/protein complexes supporting the observed boost in therapeutic value of the modified NPs are also discussed. Significant advancement in synthetic chemistry, in structure determination, and in the understanding of factors controlling pharmacokinetics can now better position drug discovery teams to undertake NPs as valuable leads. We hope that the beneficial NPs synthetic modifications outlined here will reignite medicinal chemists' interest in NPs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Szychowski
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. , 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 4A7, Canada
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Roy N, Bhattacharyya S, Chakrabarty S, Laskar S, Babu SM, Bhattacharyya MK. Dominant negative mutant of Plasmodium Rad51 causes reduced parasite burden in host by abrogating DNA double-strand break repair. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:353-66. [PMID: 25145341 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malaria parasites survive through repairing a plethora of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) experienced during their asexual growth. In Plasmodium Rad51 mediated homologous recombination (HR) mechanism and homology-independent alternative end-joining mechanism have been identified. Here we address whether loss of HR activity can be compensated by other DSB repair mechanisms. Creating a transgenic Plasmodium line defective in HR function, we demonstrate that HR is the most important DSB repair pathway in malarial parasite. Using mouse malaria model we have characterized the dominant negative effect of PfRad51(K143R) mutant on Plasmodium DSB repair and host-parasite interaction. Our work illustrates that Plasmodium berghei harbouring the mutant protein (PfRad51(K143R)) failed to repair DSBs as evidenced by hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agent. Mice infected with mutant parasites lived significantly longer with markedly reduced parasite burden. To better understand the effect of mutant PfRad51(K143R) on HR, we used yeast as a surrogate model and established that the presence of PfRad51(K143R) completely inhibited DNA repair, gene conversion and gene targeting. Biochemical experiment confirmed that very low level of mutant protein was sufficient for complete disruption of wild-type PfRad51 activity. Hence our work provides evidence that HR pathway of Plasmodium could be efficiently targeted to curb malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabamita Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Krishna S, Pulcini S, Moore CM, Teo BHY, Staines HM. Pumped up: reflections on PfATP6 as the target for artemisinins. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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