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Planas AM. Role of microglia in stroke. Glia 2024; 72:1016-1053. [PMID: 38173414 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play key roles in the post-ischemic inflammatory response and damaged tissue removal reacting rapidly to the disturbances caused by ischemia and working to restore the lost homeostasis. However, the modified environment, encompassing ionic imbalances, disruption of crucial neuron-microglia interactions, spreading depolarization, and generation of danger signals from necrotic neurons, induce morphological and phenotypic shifts in microglia. This leads them to adopt a proinflammatory profile and heighten their phagocytic activity. From day three post-ischemia, macrophages infiltrate the necrotic core while microglia amass at the periphery. Further, inflammation prompts a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate shunt, and lipid synthesis. These shifts, combined with phagocytic lipid intake, drive lipid droplet biogenesis, fuel anabolism, and enable microglia proliferation. Proliferating microglia release trophic factors contributing to protection and repair. However, some microglia accumulate lipids persistently and transform into dysfunctional and potentially harmful foam cells. Studies also showed microglia that either display impaired apoptotic cell clearance, or eliminate synapses, viable neurons, or endothelial cells. Yet, it will be essential to elucidate the viability of engulfed cells, the features of the local environment, the extent of tissue damage, and the temporal sequence. Ischemia provides a rich variety of region- and injury-dependent stimuli for microglia, evolving with time and generating distinct microglia phenotypes including those exhibiting proinflammatory or dysfunctional traits and others showing pro-repair features. Accurate profiling of microglia phenotypes, alongside with a more precise understanding of the associated post-ischemic tissue conditions, is a necessary step to serve as the potential foundation for focused interventions in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Planas
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Diseases, Area of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Li Q, Tian Y, Niu J, Guo E, Lu Y, Dang C, Feng L, Li L, Wang L. Identification of diagnostic signatures for ischemic stroke by machine learning algorithm. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107564. [PMID: 38215553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major diseases threatening human health and survival and a leading cause of acquired mortality and disability in adults. The aim of this study was to screen diagnostic features of IS and to explore the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in IS pathogenesis. METHODS The microarray data of IS (GSE16561, GSE58294, GSE37587, and GSE124026) in the GEO database were merged after removing the batch effect. Then integrated bioinformatic analysis and machine-learning strategies were adopted to analyze the functional correlation and select diagnostic signatures. The WGCNA was used to identify the co-expression modules related to IS. The CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to assess the inflammatory state of IS and to investigate the correlation between diagnostic signatures and infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS Functional analysis of dysregulated genes showed that immune response-regulating signaling pathway and pattern recognition receptor activity were enriched in the pathophysiology of IS. The turquoise module was identified as the significant module with IS. By using Lasso and SVM-RFE learning methods, we finally obtained four diagnostic genes, including LAMP2, CR1, CLEC4E, and F5. The corresponding results of AUC of ROC prediction model in training and validation cohort were 0.954 and 0.862, respectively. The immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that plasma cells, resting and activated NK cells, activated dendritic cells, memory B cells, CD8+ T cells, naïve CD4+ T cells, and resting mast cells may be involved in the development of IS. Additionally, these diagnostic signatures might be correlated with multiple immune cells in varying degrees. CONCLUSION We identified four biologically relevant genes (LAMP2, CR1, CLEC4E, and F5) with diagnostic effects for IS, our results further provide novel insights regarding molecular mechanisms associated with various immune cells that related to IS for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jingyan Niu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China; Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Erliang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yaoheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Dang
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China.
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Rajan RK, Kumar RP, Ramanathan M. Piceatannol improved cerebral blood flow and attenuated JNK3 and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in a global ischemic model to produce neuroprotection. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:479-496. [PMID: 37470802 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The only FDA-approved treatment is recanalization with systemic tissue plasminogen activators like alteplase, although reperfusion caused by recanalization can result in neuroinflammation, which can cause brain cell apoptosis. Therefore, after an ischemic/reperfusion injury, interventions are needed to minimize the neuroinflammatory cascade. In the present study, piceatannol (PCT) was studied for its neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of global ischemic injury by attenuating c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) downstream signaling. PCT is a resveratrol analog and a polyphenolic stilbenoid naturally occurring in passion fruit and grapes. The neuroprotective efficacy of PCT (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) in ischemic conditions was assessed through pre- and post-treatment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tests for functional recovery were assessed. Protein and gene expression were done for JNK3 and other inflammatory markers. A docking study was performed to identify the amino acid interaction. The results showed that PCT improved motor and memory function as measured by a functional recovery test believed to be due to an increase in cerebral blood flow. Also, the caspase signaling which promotes apoptosis was found to be down-regulated; however, nitric oxide synthase expression was up-regulated, which could explain the enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF). According to our findings, PCT impeded c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) signaling by suppressing phosphorylation and disrupting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which resulted in the neuroprotective effect. Molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the atomic-level interaction of JNK3 and PCT, which reveals that Met149, Leu206, and Lys93 amino acid residues are critical for the interaction of PCT and JNK3. According to our current research, JNK3 downstream signaling and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway are both inhibited by PCT, which results in neuroprotection under conditions of global brain ischemia. Piceatannol attenuated JNK3 phosphorylation during the ischemic condition and prevented neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Dekargaon, Tezpur, 784501, Assam, India.
| | - Ram Pravin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
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4
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Raj D, Kraish B, Martikainen J, Podraza-Farhanieh A, Kao G, Naredi P. Cisplatin toxicity is counteracted by the activation of the p38/ATF-7 signaling pathway in post-mitotic C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2886. [PMID: 37210583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin kills proliferating cells via DNA damage but also has profound effects on post-mitotic cells in tumors, kidneys, and neurons. However, the effects of cisplatin on post-mitotic cells are still poorly understood. Among model systems, C. elegans adults are unique in having completely post-mitotic somatic tissues. The p38 MAPK pathway controls ROS detoxification via SKN-1/NRF and immune responses via ATF-7/ATF2. Here, we show that p38 MAPK pathway mutants are sensitive to cisplatin, but while cisplatin exposure increases ROS levels, skn-1 mutants are resistant. Cisplatin exposure leads to phosphorylation of PMK-1/MAPK and ATF-7 and the IRE-1/TRF-1 signaling module functions upstream of the p38 MAPK pathway to activate signaling. We identify the response proteins whose increased abundance depends on IRE-1/p38 MAPK activity as well as cisplatin exposure. Four of these proteins are necessary for protection from cisplatin toxicity, which is characterized by necrotic death. We conclude that the p38 MAPK pathway-driven proteins are crucial for adult cisplatin resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Raj
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bashar Kraish
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jari Martikainen
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Podraza-Farhanieh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gautam Kao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Holder A, Kolakowski J, Rosentreter C, Knuepfer E, Jégouzo SAF, Rosenwasser O, Harris H, Baumgaertel L, Gibson A, Werling D. Characterisation of the bovine C-type lectin receptor Mincle and potential evidence for an endogenous ligand. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1189587. [PMID: 37275870 PMCID: PMC10235688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune receptors that form complexes with secondary receptors, activating multiple signalling pathways, modulate cellular activation and play essential roles in regulating homeostasis and immunity. We have previously identified a variety of bovine C-type lectin-like receptors that possess similar functionality than their human orthologues. Mincle (CLEC4E), a heavily glycosylated monomer, is involved in the recognition of the mycobacterial component Cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate). Here we characterise the bovine homologue of Mincle (boMincle), and demonstrate that the receptor is structurally and functionally similar to the human orthologue (huMincle), although there are some notable differences. In the absence of cross-reacting antibodies, boMincle-specific antibodies were created and used to demonstrate that, like the human receptor, boMincle is predominantly expressed by myeloid cells. BoMincle surface expression increases during the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. However, boMincle mRNA transcripts were also detected in granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. Finally, we show that boMincle binds to isolated bovine CD4+ T cells in a specific manner, indicating the potential to recognise endogenous ligands. This suggests that the receptor might also play a role in homeostasis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Holder
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine Kolakowski
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Rosentreter
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Knuepfer
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Heather Harris
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Lotta Baumgaertel
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Gibson
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
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Yang G, Kantapan J, Mazhar M, Bai X, Zou Y, Wang H, Huang B, Yang S, Dechsupa N, Wang L. Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation combined with IronQ attenuates ICH-induced inflammation response via Mincle/syk signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:131. [PMID: 37189208 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe brain-injured disease accompanied by cerebral edema, inflammation, and subsequent neurological deficits. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been used as a neuroprotective therapy in nervous system diseases because of its anti-inflammatory effect. Nevertheless, the biological characteristics of transplanted MSCs, including the survival rate, viability, and effectiveness, are restricted because of the severe inflammatory response after ICH. Therefore, improving the survival and viability of MSCs will provide a hopeful therapeutic efficacy for ICH. Notably, the biomedical applications of coordination chemistry-mediated metal-quercetin complex have been verified positively and studied extensively, including growth-promoting and imaging probes. Previous studies have shown that the iron-quercetin complex (IronQ) possesses extraordinary dual capabilities with a stimulating agent for cell growth and an imaging probe by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, we hypothesized that IronQ could improve the survival and viability of MSCs, displaying the anti-inflammation function in the treatment of ICH while also labeling MSCs for their tracking by MRI. This study aimed to explore the effects of MSCs with IronQ in regulating inflammation and further clarify their potential mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were utilized in this research. A collagenase I-induced ICH mice model was established and randomly separated into the model group (Model), quercetin gavage group (Quercetin), MSCs transplantation group (MSCs), and MSCs transplantation combined with IronQ group (MSCs + IronQ) after 24 h. Then, the neurological deficits score, brain water content (BWC), and protein expression, such as TNF-α, IL-6, NeuN, MBP, as well as GFAP, were investigated. We further measured the protein expression of Mincle and its downstream targets. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells were utilized to investigate the neuroprotection of conditioned medium of MSCs co-cultured with IronQ in vitro. RESULTS We found that the combined treatment of MSCs with IronQ improved the inflammation-induced neurological deficits and BWC in vivo by inhibiting the Mincle/syk signaling pathway. Conditioned medium derived from MSCs co-cultured with IronQ decreased inflammation, Mincle, and its downstream targets in the LPS-induced BV2 cell line. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that the combined treatment exerts a collaborative effect in alleviating ICH-induced inflammatory response through the downregulation of the Mincle/syk signaling pathway following ICH, further improving the neurologic deficits and brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yang
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuanxia Zou
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Honglian Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingfeng Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sijing Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Li M, Wang P, Zou Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Liu M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signals are implicated in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15625. [PMID: 37180910 PMCID: PMC10172877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate numerous biochemical reactions and functions through covalent attachment to proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination account for over 90% of all reported post-translational modifications. As one of the tyrosine protein kinases, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) plays crucial roles in many pathophysiological processes and affects the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. SYK is expressed in tissues outside the hematopoietic system, especially the heart, and is involved in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke and others. Knowledge on the role of SYK in the progress of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases is accumulating, and many related mechanisms have been discovered and validated. This review summarizes the role of SYK in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical research targeting SYK as a therapeutic option for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Reyes EY, Shinohara ML. Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:50-74. [PMID: 35672656 PMCID: PMC9489659 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections in the central nervous system (CNS) cause high morbidity and mortality. The frequency of CNS mycosis has increased over the last two decades as more individuals go through immunocompromised conditions for various reasons. Nevertheless, options for clinical interventions for CNS mycoses are still limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms in CNS mycoses for developing novel treatments. Although the CNS has been regarded as an immune-privileged site, recent studies demonstrate the critical involvement of immune responses elicited by CNS-resident and CNS-infiltrated cells during fungal infections. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of fungal invasion in the CNS, fungal pathogen detection by CNS-resident cells (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons), roles of CNS-infiltrated leukocytes, and host immune responses. We consider that understanding host immune responses in the CNS is crucial for endeavors to develop treatments for CNS mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Y. Reyes
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Mari L. Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Li D, Li L, Quan F, Wang T, Xu S, Li S, Tian K, Feng M, He N, Tian L, Chen B, Zhang H, Wang L, Wang J. Identification of circulating immune landscape in ischemic stroke based on bioinformatics methods. Front Genet 2022; 13:921582. [PMID: 35957686 PMCID: PMC9358692 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.921582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a high-incidence disease that seriously threatens human life and health. Neuroinflammation and immune responses are key players in the pathophysiological processes of IS. However, the underlying immune mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we attempted to identify several immune biomarkers associated with IS. We first retrospectively collected validated human IS immune-related genes (IS-IRGs) as seed genes. Afterward, potential IS-IRGs were discovered by applying random walk with restart on the PPI network and the permutation test as a screening strategy. Doing so, the validated and potential sets of IS-IRGs were merged together as an IS-IRG catalog. Two microarray profiles were subsequently used to explore the expression patterns of the IS-IRG catalog, and only IS-IRGs that were differentially expressed between IS patients and controls in both profiles were retained for biomarker selection by the Random Forest rankings. CLEC4D and CD163 were finally identified as immune biomarkers of IS, and a classification model was constructed and verified based on the weights of two biomarkers obtained from the Neural Network algorithm. Furthermore, the CIBERSORT algorithm helped us determine the proportions of circulating immune cells. Correlation analyses between IS immune biomarkers and immune cell proportions demonstrated that CLEC4D was strongly correlated with the proportion of neutrophils (r = 0.72). These results may provide potential targets for further studies on immuno-neuroprotection therapies against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Quan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kuo Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ni He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liting Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Huixue Zhang, ; Lihua Wang, ; Jianjian Wang,
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Huixue Zhang, ; Lihua Wang, ; Jianjian Wang,
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Huixue Zhang, ; Lihua Wang, ; Jianjian Wang,
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10
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Hasgur S, Yamamoto Y, Fan R, Nicosia M, Gorbacheva V, Zwick D, Araki M, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin activates B cells to promote T cell reconstitution in heart allograft recipients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1779-1790. [PMID: 35294793 PMCID: PMC9296143 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diminishing homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells is essential for improving the efficacy of lymphoablation in transplant recipients. Our previous studies in a mouse heart transplantation model established that B lymphocytes secreting proinflammatory cytokines are critical for T cell recovery after lymphoablation. The goal of the current study was to identify mediators of B cell activation following lymphoablation in allograft recipients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, Clec4e) expression is up-regulated in B cells from heart allograft recipients treated with murine anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG). Recipient Mincle deficiency diminishes B cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impairs T lymphocyte reconstitution. Mixed bone marrow chimeras lacking Mincle only in B lymphocytes have similar defects in T cell recovery. Conversely, treatment with a synthetic Mincle ligand enhances T cell reconstitution after lymphoablation in non-transplanted mice. Treatment with agonistic CD40 mAb facilitates T cell reconstitution in CD4 T cell-depleted, but not in Mincle-deficient, recipients indicating that CD40 signaling induces T cell proliferation via a Mincle-dependent pathway. These findings are the first to identify an important function of B cell Mincle as a sensor of damage-associated molecular patterns released by the graft and demonstrate its role in clinically relevant settings of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Hasgur
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Victoria Gorbacheva
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Daniel Zwick
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Present address:
AutonomousTherapeutics, IncRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of UrologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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11
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Tkáčová Z, Bhide K, Mochnáčová E, Petroušková P, Hruškovicová J, Kulkarni A, Bhide M. Comprehensive Mapping of the Cell Response to Borrelia bavariensis in the Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in vitro Using RNA-Seq. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:760627. [PMID: 34819924 PMCID: PMC8606740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.760627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia bavariensis can invade the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is predicted that B. bavariensis evokes numerous signaling cascades in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and exploits them to traverse across the BBB. The complete picture of signaling events in hBMECs induced by B. bavariensis remains uncovered. Using RNA sequencing, we mapped 11,398 genes and identified 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 251 upregulated genes and 44 downregulated genes) in B. bavariensis challenged hBMECs. The results obtained from RNA-seq were validated with qPCR. Gene ontology analysis revealed the participation of DEGs in a number of biological processes like cell communication, organization of the extracellular matrix, vesicle-mediated transport, cell response triggered by pattern recognition receptors, antigen processing via MHC class I, cellular stress, metabolism, signal transduction, etc. The expression of several non-protein coding genes was also evoked. In this manuscript, we discuss in detail the correlation between several signaling cascades elicited and the translocation of BBB by B. bavariensis. The data revealed here may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms employed by B. bavariensis to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tkáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Evelina Mochnáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Hruškovicová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Amod Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Braschi B, Seal RL, Tweedie S, Jones TE, Bruford EA. The risks of using unapproved gene symbols. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1813-1816. [PMID: 34626580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of approved nomenclature in publications is vital to enable effective scientific communication and is particularly crucial when discussing genes of clinical relevance. Here, we discuss several examples of cases where the failure of researchers to use a HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)-approved symbol in publications has led to confusion between unrelated human genes in the literature. We also inform authors of the steps they can take to ensure that they use approved nomenclature in their manuscripts and discuss how referencing HGNC IDs can remove ambiguity when referring to genes that have previously been published with confusing alias symbols.
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13
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SAP130 released by damaged tubule drives necroinflammation via miRNA-219c/Mincle signaling in acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:866. [PMID: 34556635 PMCID: PMC8460660 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tubules injury and immune cell activation are the common pathogenic mechanisms in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the exact modes of immune cell activation following tubule damage are not fully understood. Here we uncovered that the release of cytoplasmic spliceosome associated protein 130 (SAP130) from the damaged tubular cells mediated necroinflammation by triggering macrophage activation via miRNA-219c(miR-219c)/Mincle-dependent mechanism in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and cisplatin-induced AKI mouse models, and in patients with acute tubule necrosis (ATN). In the AKI kidneys, we found that Mincle expression was tightly correlated to the necrotic tubular epithelial cells (TECs) with higher expression of SAP130, a damaged associated molecule pattern (DAMP), suggesting that SAP130 released from damaged tubular cells may trigger macrophage activation and necroinflammation. This was confirmed in vivo in which administration of SAP130-rich supernatant from dead TECs or recombinant SAP130 promoted Mincle expression and macrophage accumulation which became worsen with profound tubulointerstitial inflammation in LPS-primed Mincle WT mice but not in Mincle deficient mice. Further studies identified that Mincle was negatively regulated via miR-219c-3p in macrophages as miR-219c-3p bound Mincle 3′-UTR to inhibit Mincle translation. Besides, lentivirus-mediated renal miR-219c-3p overexpression blunted Mincle and proinflammatory cytokine expression as well as macrophage infiltration in the inflamed kidney of UUO mice. In conclusion, SAP130 is released by damaged tubules which elicit Mincle activation on macrophages and renal necroinflammation via the miR-219c-3p-dependent mechanism. Results from this study suggest that targeting miR-219c-3p/Mincle signaling may represent a novel therapy for AKI.
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14
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Veltman D, Wu M, Pokreisz P, Claus P, Gillijns H, Caluwé E, Vanhaverbeke M, Gsell W, Himmelreich U, Sinnaeve PR, Janssens SP. Clec4e-Receptor Signaling in Myocardial Repair After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:631-646. [PMID: 34466750 PMCID: PMC8385568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of the CLEC4E during myocardial healing after ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown. CLEC4E deletion is associated with reduced cardiac injury, inflammation, and left ventricular structural and functional remodeling. CLEC4E is a promising target to modulate myocardial inflammation and enhance repair after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The bacterial C-type lectin domain family 4 member E (CLEC4E) has an important role in sterile inflammation, but its role in myocardial repair is unknown. Using complementary approaches in porcine, murine, and human samples, we show that CLEC4E expression levels in the myocardium and in blood correlate with the extent of myocardial injury and left ventricular (LV) functional impairment. CLEC4E expression is markedly increased in the vasculature, cardiac myocytes, and infiltrating leukocytes in the ischemic heart. Loss of Clec4e signaling is associated with reduced acute cardiac injury, neutrophil infiltration, and infarct size. Reduced myocardial injury in Clec4e–/– translates into significantly improved LV structural and functional remodeling at 4 weeks’ follow-up. The early transcriptome of LV tissue from Clec4e–/– mice versus wild-type mice reveals significant upregulation of transcripts involved in myocardial metabolism, radical scavenging, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix organization. Therefore, targeting CLEC4E in the early phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury is a promising therapeutic strategy to modulate myocardial inflammation and enhance repair after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Key Words
- ACS, acute coronary syndrome
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CLEC4E
- CLEC4E, C-type lectin domain family 4 member E
- CMC, cardiac myocyte
- Car3, carbonic anhydrase 3
- Cxcl2, CXC chemokine ligand 2
- Cxcr2, CXC chemokine receptor 2
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESV, end-systolic volume
- Efna2, ephrin A2
- Grk2, G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2
- I/R, ischemia-reperfusion
- LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery
- LV, left ventricular
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NS, not significant
- PRR, pattern recognition receptor
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- TnT, troponin T
- WT, wild-type
- hs-TnI, high-sensitivity troponin I
- inflammation
- ischemia-reperfusion injury
- magnetic resonance imaging
- myocardial remodeling
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Veltman
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Pokreisz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Claus
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Gillijns
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Caluwé
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanhaverbeke
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter R. Sinnaeve
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan P. Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Address for correspondence: Dr Stefan P. Janssens, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Saleki K, Banazadeh M, Miri NS, Azadmehr A. Triangle of cytokine storm, central nervous system involvement, and viral infection in COVID-19: the role of sFasL and neuropilin-1. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:147-160. [PMID: 34225390 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and is often linked to extreme inflammatory responses by over activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), cytokine storm, and sepsis. These are robust causes for multi-organ damage. In particular, potential routes of SARS-CoV2 entry, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), have been linked to central nervous system (CNS) involvement. CNS has been recognized as one of the most susceptible compartments to cytokine storm, which can be affected by neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). ACE2 is widely-recognized as a SARS-CoV2 entry pathway; However, NRP-1 has been recently introduced as a novel path of viral entry. Apoptosis of cells invaded by this virus involves Fas receptor-Fas ligand (FasL) signaling; moreover, Fas receptor may function as a controller of inflammation. Furthermore, NRP-1 may influence FasL and modulate cytokine profile. The neuroimmunological insult by SARS-CoV2 infection may be inhibited by therapeutic approaches targeting soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), cytokine storm elements, or related viral entry pathways. In the current review, we explain pivotal players behind the activation of cytokine storm that are associated with vast CNS injury. We also hypothesize that sFasL may affect neuroinflammatory processes and trigger the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-47745, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-47745, Iran
- National Elite Foundation, Mazandaran Province Branch, Tehran, 48157-66435, Iran
| | - Mohammad Banazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76169-13555, Iran
| | - Niloufar Sadat Miri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-47745, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- National Elite Foundation, Mazandaran Province Branch, Tehran, 48157-66435, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-47745, Iran
- Medical Immunology Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-47745, Iran
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16
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Li Y, Dong Y, Ran Y, Zhang Y, Wu B, Xie J, Cao Y, Mo M, Li S, Deng H, Hao W, Yu S, Wu Y. Three-dimensional cultured mesenchymal stem cells enhance repair of ischemic stroke through inhibition of microglia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:358. [PMID: 34154653 PMCID: PMC8218508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We show previously that three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit reduced cell size thus devoid of lung entrapment following intravenous (IV) infusion. In this study, we determined the therapeutic effect of 3D-cultured MSCs on ischemic stroke and investigated the mechanisms involved. METHODS Rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. 1 × 106 of 3D- or 2D-cultured MSCs, which were pre-labeled with GFP, were injected through the tail vain three and seven days after MCAO. Two days after infusion, MSC engraftment into the ischemic brain tissues was assessed by histological analysis for GFP-expressing cells, and infarct volume was determined by MRI. Microglia in the lesion were sorted and subjected to gene expressional analysis by RNA-seq. RESULTS We found that infusion of 3D-cultured MSCs significantly reduced the infarct volume of the brain with increased engraftment of the cells into the ischemic tissue, compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. Accordingly, in the brain lesion of 3D MSC-treated animals, there were significantly reduced numbers of amoeboid microglia and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating attenuated activation of the microglia. RNA-seq of microglia derived from the lesions suggested that 3D-cultured MSCs decreased the response of microglia to the ischemic insult. Interestingly, we observed a decreased expression of mincle, a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) receptor, which induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggestive of a potential mechanism in 3D MSC-mediated enhanced repair to ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 3D-cultured MSCs exhibit enhanced repair to ischemic stroke, probably through a suppression to ischemia-induced microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yankai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye Ran
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jundong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanpei Cao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Miaohua Mo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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17
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Shi W, Sun Y, Wang J, Tang Y, Zhou S, Xu Z, Yuan B, Geng X, Chen X. Trem1 mediates neuronal apoptosis via interaction with SYK after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6117-6125. [PMID: 34306350 PMCID: PMC8290738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to study the impact and regulatory mechanism of Trem1 in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI). METHOD Temporary aortic cross clamp followed by reperfusion was used to establish SCIRI mice model. Mice motion function was estimated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score. Spinal cord infract zone was analyzed by HE and TUNEL staining. High throughput sequencing was performed to explore potential target for SCIRI. N2a cells were used to simulate the pathophysiological process of SCIRI in vitro with oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGSD/R). RT-PCR and Western blot were token to determine mRNA and protein expression levels. Knockdown of Trem1 was performed with siRNA transfection in vitro and shRNA adenovirus injection in vivo. The relationship between Trem1 and SYK was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. RESULT We observed that neuronal apoptosis of spinal cord was aggravated after SCIRI. Trem1 expression was dramatically upregulated as shown by high throughput sequencing, RT-PCR and Western blot results. Furthermore, Trem1 triggered apoptosis of N2a cells induced by OGSD/R, and knockdown of Trem1 by siRNAs blocked apoptosis via PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathway by interacting with SYK. In addition, we found that intrathecal injection of adenovirus with Trem1 shRNA could downregulate SYK and inhibit neuron apoptosis caused by SCIRI in vivo. CONCLUSION Trem1 interacts with SYK and mediates neuronal apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathway. Trem1 may be a therapeutic candidate for patients with SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Special Medical Center, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiangwu Geng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
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18
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Metselaar PI, Hos C, Welting O, Bosch JA, Kraneveld AD, de Jonge WJ, Te Velde AA. Ambiguity about Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 3 (SF3B3) and Sin3A Associated Protein 130 (SAP130). Cells 2021; 10:cells10030590. [PMID: 33800128 PMCID: PMC7999425 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, three articles were published on a protein that can activate the immune system by binding to macrophage-inducible C-type lectin receptor (Mincle). In the articles, the protein was referred to as ‘SAP130, a subunit of the histone deacetylase complex.’ However, the Mincle ligand the authors aimed to investigate is splicing factor 3b subunit 3 (SF3B3). This splicing factor is unrelated to SAP130 (Sin3A associated protein 130, a subunit of the histone deacetylase-dependent Sin3A corepressor complex). The conclusions in the three articles were formulated for SF3B3, while the researchers used qPCR primers and antibodies against SAP130. We retraced the origins of the ambiguity about the two proteins and found that Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) added a Nature publication on SF3B3 as a reference for Sin3A associated protein 130 in 2016. Subsequently, companies such as Abcam referred to OMIM and the Nature article in their products for both SF3B3 and SAP130. In turn, the mistake by OMIM followed in the persistent and confusing use of ‘SAP130′ (spliceosome-associated protein 130) as an alternative symbol for SF3B3. With this report, we aim to eliminate the persistent confusion and separate the literature regarding the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Metselaar
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Celine Hos
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| | - Jos A. Bosch
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1001NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| | - Anje A. Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
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Prado Acosta M, Goyette-Desjardins G, Scheffel J, Dudeck A, Ruland J, Lepenies B. S-Layer From Lactobacillus brevis Modulates Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions via the Mincle-Syk-Card9 Axis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602067. [PMID: 33732234 PMCID: PMC7957004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.602067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that are crucial in the innate immune response. The gastrointestinal tract contributes significantly to the maintenance of immune homeostasis; it is the shelter for billions of microorganisms including many genera of Lactobacillus sp. Previously, it was shown that host-CLR interactions with gut microbiota play a crucial role in this context. The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a Syk-coupled CLR that contributes to sensing of mucosa-associated commensals. In this study, we identified Mincle as a receptor for the Surface (S)-layer of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus brevis modulating GM-CSF bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) functions. We found that the S-layer/Mincle interaction led to a balanced cytokine response in BMDCs by triggering the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, BMDCs derived from Mincle−/−, CARD9−/− or conditional Syk−/− mice failed to maintain this balance, thus leading to an increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, whereas the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were markedly decreased. Importantly, this was accompanied by an altered CD4+ T cell priming capacity of Mincle−/− BMDCs resulting in an increased CD4+ T cell IFN-γ production upon stimulation with L. brevis S-layer. Our results contribute to the understanding of how commensal bacteria regulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions and highlight the importance of the Mincle/Syk/Card9 axis in APCs as a key factor in host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Prado Acosta
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Wang KJ, Zhang WQ, Liu JJ, Cui Y, Cui JZ. Piceatannol protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‑induced apoptosis and oxidative stress via the Sirt1/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5399-5411. [PMID: 33173979 PMCID: PMC7647030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion is a critical therapeutic intervention used following acute ischemic stroke; however, it may cause cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) and aggravate brain damage. Piceatannol (Pic), a hydroxylated analog of resveratrol, has been reported to exhibit anti‑inflammatory effects. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms and its effects on CIRI have not been sufficiently assessed, and, to the best of our knowledge, current methods of prevention of CIRI are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pic on improving neurological function in a mouse model of CIRI. For the animal experiments, 8‑week‑old C57BL/6 mice were raised and randomly grouped, and an in vivo model of CIRI was established. Mice were administered a low (10 mg/kg/day) or high‑dose (20 mg/kg/d) of Pic 1 h after CIRI orally and once daily for the next 6 days. Neurological dysfunction was assessed using a modified neurological severity score and a rotarod test 1 week after CIRI establishment, and the cognitive status of the mice was assessed using a Morris water maze. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes. The expression levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), FoxO1, cleaved caspase‑3 (CC‑3), Bax and Bcl‑2 were measured using western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and catalase] and non‑enzymatic antioxidants (GSH) were also detected using spectrophotometry. After inhibition of the Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway, a TUNEL assay was used for the detection of apoptotic cells in vitro and in vivo. The co‑localization of neuron‑specific nuclear protein and CC‑3 was assessing using immunofluorescent staining. Pic improved neurological functions and ameliorated hippocampal neuronal pathology following CIRI. In addition, the expression levels of CC‑3 and Bax and intracellular ROS levels were increased, while levels of antioxidant and non‑enzymatic enzymes were decreased in the mouse model of CIRI. Low and high doses of Pic significantly decreased ROS production and the expression levels of apoptosis‑related proteins, but increased antioxidant enzyme levels. However, a high‑dose of Pic did not result in increased levels of non‑enzymatic enzymes. Furthermore, low and high doses of Pic treatment significantly activated the Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway. Following inhibition of the Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway, the percentage of TUNEL‑positive cells and expression of CC‑3 were increased, and CC‑3 was enriched in neurons. The antioxidant effects of Pic were blocked by inhibition of Sirt1 in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these results suggested that Pic may exert a neuroprotective effect against in hippocampal neurons via the Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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21
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Li C, Xue VW, Wang QM, Lian GY, Huang XR, Lee TL, To KF, Tang PMK, Lan HY. The Mincle/Syk/NF-κB Signaling Circuit Is Essential for Maintaining the Protumoral Activities of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1004-1017. [PMID: 32532809 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have important roles in cancer progression, but the signaling behind the formation of protumoral TAM remains understudied. Here, by single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed that the pattern recognition receptor Mincle was highly expressed in TAM and significantly associated with mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer cells markedly induced Mincle expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), thus promoting cancer progression in invasive lung carcinoma LLC and melanoma B16F10 in vivo and in vitro Mincle was predominately expressed in the M2-like TAM in non-small cell lung carcinoma and LLC tumors, and silencing of Mincle unexpectedly promoted M1-like phenotypes in vitro Mechanistically, we discovered a novel Mincle/Syk/NF-κB signaling pathway in TAM needed for executing their TLR4-independent protumoral activities. Adoptive transfer of Mincle-silenced BMDM significantly suppressed TAM-driven cancer progression in the LLC-bearing NOD/SCID mice. By modifying our well-established ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer protocol, we demonstrated that tumor-specific silencing of Mincle effectively blocked Mincle/Syk/NF-κB signaling, therefore inhibiting the TAM-driven cancer progression in the syngeneic mouse cancer models. Thus, our findings highlight the function of Mincle as a novel immunotherapeutic target for cancer via blocking the Mincle/Syk/NF-κB circuit in TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Qing-Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Guang-Yu Lian
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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22
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Liao Y, Tan RZ, Li JC, Liu TT, Zhong X, Yan Y, Yang JK, Lin X, Fan JM, Wang L. Isoliquiritigenin Attenuates UUO-Induced Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting Mincle/Syk/NF-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1455-1468. [PMID: 32341639 PMCID: PMC7166058 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s243420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global nephrotic syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid from licorice, has historically been reported to inhibit innate immune responses to inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. However, the effect of ISL on CKD progression is largely unknown. Materials and Methods In this study, we employed the inflammatory and fibrotic models of LPS/TGF-β-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model in vivo to explore the potential effects and mechanism of ISL on renal inflammation and fibrosis. Results Our results manifest that ISL improved UUO-induced renal dysfunction and reduced tubular damage with a significantly downregulated mRNA expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in vitro and in vivo. It is worth noting that ISL can strongly inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of Mincle (macrophage-induced c-type lectin) in BMDM and UUO. ISL inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk and NF-kappa B and simultaneously reduced the expression of α-SMA and Col III in vivo and in vitro. More interestingly, when dealing with TDB, a ligand of Mincle, it revealed significant reversal of protein expression levels as that observed with ISL. The expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, p-Syk, p-NF-kappa B, α-SMA and FN in BMDM inflammatory model were significantly upregulated with TDB treatment. This confirms that ISL inhibits inflammation and fibrosis of macrophage by suppressing Mincle/Syk/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Conclusion To conclude, ISL protects UUO-induced CKD by inhibiting Mincle-induced inflammation and suppressing renal fibrosis, which might be a specific renal protective mechanism of ISL, making it a novel drug to ameliorate CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liao
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yan
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ke Yang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ming Fan
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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23
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Ashayeri Ahmadabad R, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. The role of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in cerebrovascular disorders: the impact of spreading depolarization. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:108. [PMID: 32264928 PMCID: PMC7140571 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the blood supply to the brain and lead to the reduction of oxygen and glucose supply to the neurons and the supporting cells. Spreading depolarization (SD), a propagating wave of neuroglial depolarization, occurs in different CVDs. A growing amount of evidence suggests that the inflammatory responses following hypoxic-ischemic insults and after SD plays a double-edged role in brain tissue injury and clinical outcome; a beneficial effect in the acute phase and a destructive role in the late phase. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the activation of inflammatory cascades and subsequent neuroprotective or harmful effects after CVDs and SD. Here, we review current data regarding the pathophysiological role of TLR signaling pathways in different CVDs and discuss the role of SD in the potentiation of the inflammatory cascade in CVDs through the modulation of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Ashayeri Ahmadabad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Neuroscience research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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24
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Drouin M, Saenz J, Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors: Head or Tail in Cell Death Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:251. [PMID: 32133013 PMCID: PMC7040094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) represent a family of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors, expressed primarily by myeloid cells. They recognize not only pathogen moieties for host defense, but also modified self-antigens such as damage-associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Upon ligation, CLR signaling leads to the production of inflammatory mediators to shape amplitude, duration and outcome of the immune response. Thus, following excessive injury, dysregulation of these receptors leads to the development of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we will focus on four CLRs of the "Dectin family," shown to decode the immunogenicity of cell death. CLEC9A on dendritic cells links F-actin exposed by dying cells to favor cross-presentation of dead-cell associated antigens to CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, CLEC9A exerts also feedback mechanisms to temper neutrophil recruitment and prevent additional tissue damage. MINCLE expressed by macrophages binds nuclear SAP130 released by necrotic cells to potentiate pro-inflammatory responses. However, the consequent inflammation can exacerbate pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in a tumor microenvironment, MINCLE induces macrophage-induced immune suppression and cancer progression. Similarly, triggering of LOX-1 by oxidized LDL, amplifies pro-inflammatory response but promotes tumor immune escape and metastasis. Finally, CLEC12A that recognizes monosodium urate crystals formed during cell death, inhibits activating signals to prevent detrimental inflammation. Interestingly, CLEC12A also sustains type-I IFN response to finely tune immune responses in case of viral-induced collateral damage. Therefore, CLRs acting in concert as sensors of injury, could be used in a targeted way to treat numerous diseases such as allergies, obesity, tumors, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Drouin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Javier Saenz
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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25
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Miyake Y, Yamasaki S. Immune Recognition of Pathogen-Derived Glycolipids Through Mincle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:95-112. [PMID: 31558839 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 915] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self' molecules derived from pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition receptors. In addition, an increasing number of endogenous host-derived molecules, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), have been found to be sensed by various innate immune receptors. The recognition of DAMPs, which are produced or released by damaged and dying cells, promotes sterile inflammation, which is important for tissue repair and regeneration, but can also lead to the development of numerous inflammatory diseases, such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here we examine recent discoveries concerning the roles of DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and in diseases resulting from dysregulated sterile inflammation, and then discuss insights into the cross-regulation of these receptors and their ligands.
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27
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Pahari S, Negi S, Aqdas M, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS, Agrewala JN. Induction of autophagy through CLEC4E in combination with TLR4: an innovative strategy to restrict the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Autophagy 2019; 16:1021-1043. [PMID: 31462144 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1658436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies are gaining considerable impetus because of the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens due to antibiotic therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to exploit alternative and novel strategies directed at host molecules to successfully restrict infections. The C-type lectin receptor CLEC4E and Toll-like receptor TLR4 expressed by host cells are among the first line of defense in encountering pathogens. Therefore, we exploited signaling of macrophages through CLEC4E in association with TLR4 agonists (C4.T4) to control the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We observed significant improvement in host immunity and reduced bacterial load in the lungs of Mtb-infected mice and guinea pigs treated with C4.T4 agonists. Further, intracellular killing of Mtb was achieved with a 10-fold lower dose of isoniazid or rifampicin in conjunction with C4.T4 than the drugs alone. C4.T4 activated MYD88, PtdIns3K, STAT1 and RELA/NFKB, increased lysosome biogenesis, decreased Il10 and Il4 gene expression and enhanced macroautophagy/autophagy. Macrophages from autophagy-deficient (atg5 knockout or Becn1 knockdown) mice showed elevated survival of Mtb. The present findings also unveiled the novel role of CLEC4E in inducing autophagy through MYD88, which is required for control of Mtb growth. This study suggests a unique immunotherapeutic approach involving CLEC4E in conjunction with TLR4 to restrict the survival of Mtb through autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS 3MA: 3 methyladenine; AO: acridine orange; Atg5: autophagy related 5; AVOs: acidic vesicular organelles; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; BMDMs: bone marrow derived macrophages; bw: body weight; C4.T4: agonists of CLEC4E (C4/TDB) and TLR4 (T4/ultra-pure-LPS); CFU: colony forming unit; CLEC4E/Mincle: C-type lectin domain family 4, member e; CLR: c-type lectin receptor; INH: isoniazid; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MφC4.T4: Mtb-infected C4.T4 stimulated macrophages; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NFKB: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhance in B cells; NLR: NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain)-like receptors; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PPD: purified protein derivative; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RELA: v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian); RIF: rifampicin; RLR: retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors; TDB: trehalose-6,6´-dibehenate; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; Ultra-pure-LPS: ultra-pure lipopolysaccharide-EK; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+ ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Pahari
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India.,Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shikha Negi
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohammad Aqdas
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India
| | - Eusondia Arnett
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar, India
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28
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Xu P, Zhang X, Liu Q, Xie Y, Shi X, Chen J, Li Y, Guo H, Sun R, Hong Y, Liu X, Xu G. Microglial TREM-1 receptor mediates neuroinflammatory injury via interaction with SYK in experimental ischemic stroke. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:555. [PMID: 31324751 PMCID: PMC6642102 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated in response to ischemic stroke, generally with the hallmarks of microglial activation and collateral brain injury contributed by robust inflammatory effects. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, an amplifier of the innate immune response, is a critical regulator of inflammation. This study identified that microglial TREM-1 expression was upregulated following cerebral ischemic injury. After pharmacologic inhibition of TREM-1 with synthetic peptide LP17, ischemia-induced infarction and neuronal injury were substantially alleviated. Moreover, blockade of TREM-1 can potentiate cellular proliferation and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus, resulting in long-term functional improvement. Microglial M1 polarization and neutrophil recruitment were remarkably abrogated as mRNA levels of M1 markers, chemokines, and protein levels of myeloperoxidase and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were decreased by LP17. Mechanistically, both in vivo and in vitro, we delineated that TREM-1 can activate downstream pro-inflammatory pathways, CARD9/NF-κB, and NLRP3/caspase-1, through interacting with spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In addition, TREM-1-induced SYK initiation was responsible for microglial pyroptosis by elevating levels of gasdermin D (GSDMD), N-terminal fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD-N), and forming GSDMD pores, which can facilitate the release of intracellular inflammatory factors, in microglia. In summary, microglial TREM-1 receptor yielded post-stroke neuroinflammatory damage via associating with SYK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongquan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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Lim R, Lappas M. Expression and function of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) in inflammation driven parturition in fetal membranes and myometrium. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:95-110. [PMID: 30793298 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of inflammatory processes in human parturition is well known, but not completely understood. We have performed a study to examine the role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) in inflammation-associated parturition. Using human samples, we show that spontaneous labour is associated with up-regulated Mincle expression in the myometrium and fetal membranes. Mincle expression was also increased in fetal membranes and myometrium in the presence of pro-labour mediators, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1B and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands fsl-1, poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin. These clinical studies are supported by mouse studies, where an inflammatory challenge in a mouse model of preterm birth increased Mincle expression in the uterus. Importantly, elimination of Mincle decreased the effectiveness of proinflammatory cytokines and TLR ligands to induce the expression of pro-labour mediators; namely, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, contraction-associated proteins and prostaglandins, and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases. The data presented in this study suggest that Mincle is required when inflammatory activation precipitates parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lim
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Xu M, Liu PP, Li H. Innate Immune Signaling and Its Role in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:893-948. [PMID: 30565509 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00065.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved system that senses and defends against infection and irritation. Innate immune signaling is a complex cascade that quickly recognizes infectious threats through multiple germline-encoded cell surface or cytoplasmic receptors and transmits signals for the deployment of proper countermeasures through adaptors, kinases, and transcription factors, resulting in the production of cytokines. As the first response of the innate immune system to pathogenic signals, inflammatory responses must be rapid and specific to establish a physical barrier against the spread of infection and must subsequently be terminated once the pathogens have been cleared. Long-lasting and low-grade chronic inflammation is a distinguishing feature of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which are currently major public health problems. Cardiometabolic stress-induced inflammatory responses activate innate immune signaling, which directly contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Additionally, although the innate immune elements are highly conserved in higher-order jawed vertebrates, lower-grade jawless vertebrates lack several transcription factors and inflammatory cytokine genes downstream of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) pathways, suggesting that innate immune signaling components may additionally function in an immune-independent way. Notably, recent studies from our group and others have revealed that innate immune signaling can function as a vital regulator of cardiometabolic homeostasis independent of its immune function. Therefore, further investigation of innate immune signaling in cardiometabolic systems may facilitate the discovery of new strategies to manage the initiation and progression of cardiometabolic disorders, leading to better treatments for these diseases. In this review, we summarize the current progress in innate immune signaling studies and the regulatory function of innate immunity in cardiometabolic diseases. Notably, we highlight the immune-independent effects of innate immune signaling components on the development of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Animal Experiment Center, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Peter P Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Animal Experiment Center, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Animal Experiment Center, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
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31
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Fan Q, Tao R, Zhang H, Xie H, Lu L, Wang T, Su M, Hu J, Zhang Q, Chen Q, Iwakura Y, Shen W, Zhang R, Yan X. Dectin-1 Contributes to Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Neutrophil Infiltration. Circulation 2019; 139:663-678. [PMID: 30586706 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-associated immune response plays an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Dectin-1, expressed mainly on activated myeloid cells, is crucial for the regulation of immune homeostasis as a pattern recognition receptor. However, its effects and roles during the myocardial IR injury remain unknown. METHODS Genetic ablation, antibody blockade, or Dectin-1 activation, along with the adoptive bone marrow transfer chimeric model, was used to determine the functional significance of Dectin-1 in myocardial IR injury. Immune cell filtration and inflammation were examined by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, Dectin-1+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in the blood of patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and stable patients with normal coronary artery (control). RESULTS We demonstrated that Dectin-1 expression observed on the bone marrow-derived macrophages is increased in the heart during the early phase after IR injury. Dectin-1 deficiency and antibody-mediated Dectin-1 inhibition led to a considerable improvement in cardiac function, accompanied by a reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which was associated with a decrease in M1 macrophage polarization and Ly-6C+ monocyte and neutrophil infiltration. Activation of Dectin-1 with its agonist had the opposite effects. Furthermore, Dectin-1 contributed to neutrophil recruitment through the regulation of Cxcl1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression. In addition, Dectin-1-dependent interleukin-23/interleukin-1β production was shown to be essential for interleukin-17A expression by γδT cells, leading to neutrophil recruitment and myocardial IR injury. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circulating Dectin-1+CD14++CD16- and Dectin-1+CD14++CD16+ monocyte levels were significantly higher in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction than in controls and positively correlated with the severity of cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a crucial role of Dectin-1 in the process of mouse myocardial IR injury and provide a new, clinically significant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Rong Tao
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Hongyang Xie
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Pathology (T.W.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China (M.S.)
| | - Jian Hu
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Qiujing Chen
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Departments of Cardiology (Q.F., R.T., H.Z., H.X., L.L., J.H., Q.Z., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
- Rui Jin Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Q.F., H.Z., H.X., L.L., Q.C., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China
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Essential roles of C-type lectin Mincle in induction of neuropathic pain in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:872. [PMID: 30696945 PMCID: PMC6351622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). While a significant number of studies support an association between neuropathic pain and the innate immune response mediated through Toll-like receptors, a family of PRRs, the roles of other types of PRRs are largely unknown. In this study, we have focused on the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), a PRR allocated to the C-type lectin receptor family. Here, we show that Mincle is involved in neuropathic pain after PNI. Mincle-deficient mice showed impaired PNI-induced mechanical allodynia. After PNI, expression of Mincle mRNA was rapidly increased in the injured spinal nerve. Most Mincle-expressing cells were identified as infiltrating leucocytes, although the migration of leucocytes was also observed in Mincle-deficient mice. Furthermore, Mincle-deficiency affected the induction of genes, which are reported to contribute to neuropathic pain after PNI in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn. These results suggest that Mincle is involved in triggering sequential processes that lead to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
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Activation of spinal macrophage-inducible C-type lectin induces mechanical allodynia and microglial activation in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 690:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Wang Y, Yin J, Wang C, Hu H, Li X, Xue M, Liu J, Cheng W, Wang Y, Li Y, Shi Y, Tan J, Li X, Liu F, Liu Q, Yan S. Microglial Mincle receptor in the PVN contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity in acute myocardial infarction rat. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:112-125. [PMID: 30353660 PMCID: PMC6307841 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) following myocardial infarction (MI) is a lethal complication resulting from sympathetic nerve hyperactivity. Numerous evidence have shown that inflammation within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) participates in sympathetic hyperactivity. Our aim was to explore the role of Macrophage‐inducible C‐type lectin (Mincle) within the PVN in augmenting sympathetic activity following MI,and whether NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/IL‐1β axis is involved in this activity. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. Mincle expression localized in microglia within the PVN was markedly increased at 24 hours post‐MI together with sympathetic hyperactivity, as indicated by measurement of the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and norepinephrine (NE) concentration. Mincle‐specific siRNA was administrated locally to the PVN, which consequently decreased microglial activation and sympathetic nerve activity. The MI rats exhibited a higher arrhythmia score after programmed electric stimulation than that treated with Mincle siRNA, suggesting that the inhibition of Mincle attenuated foetal ventricular arrhythmias post‐MI. The underlying mechanism of Mincle in sympathetic hyperactivity was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐primed naïve rats. Recombinant Sin3A‐associated protein 130kD (rSAP130), an endogenous ligand for Mincle, induced high levels of NLRP3 and mature IL‐1β protein. PVN‐targeted injection of NLRP3 siRNA or IL‐1β antagonist gevokizumab attenuated sympathetic hyperactivity. Together, the data indicated that the knockdown of Mincle in microglia within the PVN prevents VAs by attenuating sympathetic hyperactivity and ventricular susceptibility, in part by inhibiting its downstream NLRP3/IL‐1β axis following MI. Therapeutic interventions targeting Mincle signalling pathway could constitute a novel approach for preventing infarction injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Cailing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Research Center, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yugen Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Tan
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Fuhong Liu
- Medical Research Center, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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Cai J, Xu M, Zhang X, Li H. Innate Immune Signaling in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:153-184. [PMID: 30230967 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological significance of innate immune signaling lies primarily in its role in host defense against invading pathogens. It is becoming increasingly clear that innate immune signaling also modulates the development of metabolic diseases, especially nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases, which are characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation due to a disarrangement of innate immune signaling. Notably, recent studies indicate that in addition to regulating canonical innate immune-mediated inflammatory responses (or immune-dependent signaling-induced responses), molecules of the innate immune system regulate pathophysiological responses in multiple organs during metabolic disturbances (termed immune-independent signaling-induced responses), including the disruption of metabolic homeostasis, tissue repair, and cell survival. In addition, emerging evidence from the study of immunometabolism indicates that the systemic metabolic status may have profound effects on cellular immune function and phenotypes through the alteration of cell-intrinsic metabolism. We summarize how the innate immune system interacts with metabolic disturbances to trigger immune-dependent and immune-independent pathogenesis in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as representative of metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang LH, Chen X, Zhang N, Li G. Piceatannol attenuates behavioral disorder and neurological deficits in aging mice via activating the Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:371-378. [PMID: 29214257 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that is accompanied by neurological damage. Chronic injection of d-galactose (d-gal) can accelerate the aging process similar to natural aging and is commonly used to build an aging model to investigate aging. In the present study, the effects of piceatannol on d-gal-induced aging in mice were evaluated. Piceatannol treatment showed an observable anti-aging effect. Results obtained in vivo showed that piceatannol retained spontaneous motor activity and enhanced spatial learning and memory abilities in mice in which aging was induced by d-gal. Morphometric analysis displayed that piceatannol prevented d-gal-induced neuronal loss, increased the number of Nissl bodies, and promoted cell proliferation in the hippocampus and cortex. Piceatannol also significantly decreased the level of MDA and elevated SOD and CAT activity in the hippocampal and cortical tissues. Furthermore, western blotting results revealed that piceatannol treatment noticeably reversed the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased the expressions of HO-1 and NOQ1 in mice with aging induced by d-gal. Furthermore, piceatannol activated the Nrf2 pathway in natural aging mice, whereas treatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol reversed the increased expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, and NOQ1. In conclusion, treatment with piceatannol ameliorates behavioral disorder and brain injury in an aging mouse model; this suggests that piceatannol is a promising pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi 154007, China
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37
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The Mycobacterial Adjuvant Analogue TDB Attenuates Neuroinflammation via Mincle-Independent PLC-γ1/PKC/ERK Signaling and Microglial Polarization. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1167-1187. [PMID: 29876879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation has long been recognized as a hallmark of neuroinflammation. Recently, the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects against several neurodegenerative disorders. Trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) is a synthetic analogue of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM, also known as the mycobacterial cord factor) and is a new adjuvant of tuberculosis subunit vaccine currently in clinical trials. Both TDM and TDB can activate macrophages and dendritic cells through binding to C-type lectin receptor Mincle; however, its action mechanism in microglia and their relationship with neuroinflammation are still unknown. In this article, we found that TDB inhibited LPS-induced M1 microglial polarization in primary microglia and BV-2 cells. However, TDB itself had no effects on IKK, p38, and JNK activities or cytokine expression. In contrast, TDB activated ERK1/2 through PLC-γ1/PKC signaling and in turn decreased LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, TDB-induced AMPK activation via PLC-γ1/calcium/CaMKKβ-dependent pathway and thereby enhanced M2 gene expressions. Interestingly, knocking out Mincle did not alter the anti-inflammatory and M2 polarization effects of TDB in microglia. Conditional media from LPS-stimulated microglial cells can induce in vitro neurotoxicity, and this action was attenuated by TDB. Using a mouse neuroinflammation model, we found that TDB suppressed LPS-induced M1 microglial activation and sickness behavior, but promoted M2 microglial polarization in both WT and Mincle-/- mice. Taken together, our results suggest that TDB can act independently of Mincle to inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response through PLC-γ1/PKC/ERK signaling and promote microglial polarization towards M2 phenotype via PLC-γ1/calcium/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway. Thus, TDB may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Del Fresno C, Iborra S, Saz-Leal P, Martínez-López M, Sancho D. Flexible Signaling of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:804. [PMID: 29755458 PMCID: PMC5932189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important sensors of self and non-self that work in concert with other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CLRs have been previously classified based on their signaling motifs as activating or inhibitory receptors. However, specific features of the ligand binding process may result in distinct signaling through a single motif, resulting in the triggering of non-canonical pathways. In addition, CLR ligands are frequently exposed in complex structures that simultaneously bind different CLRs and other PRRs, which lead to integration of heterologous signaling among diverse receptors. Herein, we will review how sensing by myeloid CLRs and crosstalk with heterologous receptors is modulated by many factors affecting their signaling and resulting in differential outcomes for immunity and inflammation. Finding common features among those flexible responses initiated by diverse CLR-ligand partners will help to harness CLR function in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors As Emerging Orchestrators of Sterile Inflammation Represent Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29497419 PMCID: PMC5818397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs), expressed mostly by myeloid cells, have gained increasing attention for their role in the fine tuning of both innate and adaptive immunity. Not only CTLRs recognize pathogen-derived ligands to protect against infection but also endogenous ligands such as self-carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids to control homeostasis and tissue injury. Interestingly, CTLRs act as antigen-uptake receptors via their carbohydrate-recognition domain for internalization and subsequent presentation to T-cells. Furthermore, CTLRs signal through a complex intracellular network leading to the secretion of a particular set of cytokines that differently polarizes downstream effector T-cell responses according to the ligand and pattern recognition receptor co-engagement. Thus, by orchestrating the balance between inflammatory and resolution pathways, CTLRs are now considered as driving players of sterile inflammation whose dysregulation leads to the development of various pathologies such as autoimmune diseases, allergy, or cancer. For examples, the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), by sensing glycolipids released during cell-damage, promotes skin allergy and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Besides, recent studies described that tumors use physiological process of the CTLRs’ dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (DECTIN-1) and MINCLE to locally suppress myeloid cell activation and promote immune evasion. Therefore, we aim here to overview the current knowledge of the pivotal role of CTLRs in sterile inflammation with special attention given to the “Dectin-1” and “Dectin-2” families. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of these receptors as promising therapeutic targets to treat a wide range of acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Chiffoleau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,IHU Cesti, Nantes, France.,Labex Immunotherapy Graft Oncology (IGO), Nantes, France
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40
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Liu XY, Dai XH, Zou W, Yu XP, Teng W, Wang Y, Yu WW, Ma HH, Chen QX, Liu P, Guan RQ, Dong SS. Acupuncture through Baihui (DU20) to Qubin (GB7) mitigates neurological impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1425-1432. [PMID: 30106055 PMCID: PMC6108213 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in nerve defects caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Repairing brain damage by inhibiting the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin/spleen tyrosine kinase (Mincle/Syk) signaling pathway is a potential new target for treating cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, we aimed to determine whether acupuncture through Baihui (DU20) to Qubin (GB7) is an effective treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage through the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by autologous blood infusion into the caudate nucleus. Acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin was performed for 30 minutes, once every 12 hours, for a total of three times. Piceatannol (34.62 mg/kg), a Syk inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected as a control. Modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological function. Brain water content was measured. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were used to detect immunoreactivity and protein expression levels of Mincle, Syk, and CARD9. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine interleukin-1β mRNA levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes. Our results showed that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin remarkably improved neurological function and brain water content, and inhibited immunoreactivity and expression of Mincle, Syk, CARD9, and interkeukin-1β. Moreover, this effect was similar to piceatannol. These findings suggest that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin can improve neurological impairment after cerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Ping Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Teng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qiu-Xin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rui-Qiao Guan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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41
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Williams SJ. Sensing Lipids with Mincle: Structure and Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1662. [PMID: 29230225 PMCID: PMC5711825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mincle is a C-type lectin receptor that has emerged as an important player in innate immunity through its capacity to recognize a wide range of lipidic species derived from damaged/altered self and foreign microorganisms. Self-ligands include sterols (e.g., cholesterol), and β-glucosylceramides, and the protein SAP130, which is released upon cell death. Foreign lipids comprise those from both microbial pathogens and commensals and include glycerol, glucose and trehalose mycolates, and glycosyl diglycerides. A large effort has focused on structural variation of these ligands to illuminate the structure–activity relationships required for the agonism of signaling though Mincle and has helped identify key differences in ligand recognition between human and rodent Mincle. These studies in turn have helped identify new Mincle ligands, further broadening our understanding of the diversity of organisms and lipidic species recognized by Mincle. Finally, progress toward the development of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants providing humoral and cell-mediated immunity with reduced toxicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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42
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Te Velde AA. The C-Type Lectin Mincle: Clues for a Role in Crohn's Disease Adjuvant Reaction. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1304. [PMID: 29109721 PMCID: PMC5660320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anje A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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43
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Ostrop J, Lang R. Contact, Collaboration, and Conflict: Signal Integration of Syk-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1403-1414. [PMID: 28167651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several spleen tyrosine kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have emerged as important pattern recognition receptors for infectious danger. Because encounter with microbial pathogens leads to the simultaneous ligation of several CLRs and TLRs, the signals emanating from different pattern recognition receptors have to be integrated to achieve appropriate biological responses. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge about ligand recognition and core signaling by Syk-coupled CLRs. We then address mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between different CLRs and with TLRs. Emerging evidence suggests that signal integration occurs through 1) direct interaction between receptors, 2) regulation of expression levels and localization, and 3) collaborative or conflicting signaling interference. Accordingly, we aim to provide a conceptual framework for the complex and sometimes unexpected outcome of CLR ligation in bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; .,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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44
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Abstract
Lectins recognize a diverse array of carbohydrate structures and perform numerous essential biological functions. Here we focus on only two families of lectins, the Siglecs and C-type lectins. Triggering of intracellular signaling cascades following ligand recognition by these receptors can have profound effects on the induction and modulation of immunity. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of each family and then focus on selected examples that highlight how these lectins can influence myeloid cell functioning in health and disease. Receptors that are discussed include Sn (Siglec-1), CD33 (Siglec-3), and Siglec-5, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -14, -15, -E, -F, and -G as well as Dectin-1, MICL, Dectin-2, Mincle/MCL, and the macrophage mannose receptor.
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45
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Thom V, Arumugam TV, Magnus T, Gelderblom M. Therapeutic Potential of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Brain Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:875. [PMID: 28824617 PMCID: PMC5534474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic and traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) is known to induce a cascade of inflammatory events that lead to secondary tissue damage. In particular, the sterile inflammatory response in stroke has been intensively investigated in the last decade, and numerous experimental studies demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of a targeted modulation of the immune system. Among the investigated immunomodulatory agents, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) stand out due to their beneficial therapeutic potential in experimental stroke as well as several other experimental models of acute brain injuries, which are characterized by a rapidly evolving sterile inflammatory response, e.g., trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage. IVIg are therapeutic preparations of polyclonal immunoglobulin G, extracted from the plasma of thousands of donors. In clinical practice, IVIg are the treatment of choice for diverse autoimmune diseases and various mechanisms of action have been proposed. Only recently, several experimental studies implicated a therapeutic potential of IVIg even in models of acute CNS injury, and suggested that the immune system as well as neuronal cells can directly be targeted by IVIg. This review gives further insight into the role of secondary inflammation in acute brain injury with an emphasis on stroke and investigates the therapeutic potential of IVIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Thom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Patin EC, Orr SJ, Schaible UE. Macrophage Inducible C-Type Lectin As a Multifunctional Player in Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:861. [PMID: 28791019 PMCID: PMC5525440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is an innate immune receptor on myeloid cells sensing diverse entities including pathogens and damaged cells. Mincle was first described as a receptor for the mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid, trehalose-6,6′-dimycolate, or cord factor, and the mammalian necrotic cell-derived alarmin histone deacetylase complex unit Sin3-associated protein 130. Upon engagement by its ligands, Mincle induces secretion of innate cytokines and other immune mediators modulating inflammation and immunity. Since its discovery more than 25 years ago, the understanding of Mincle’s immune function has made significant advances in recent years. In addition to mediating immune responses to infectious agents, Mincle has been linked to promote tumor progression, autoimmunity, and sterile inflammation; however, further studies are required to completely unravel the complex role of Mincle in these distinct host responses. In this review, we discuss recent findings on Mincle’s biology with an emphasis on its diverse functions in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Patin
- Priority Area Infections, Department Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, and German Center for Infection Research, TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany.,Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda Jane Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Priority Area Infections, Department Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, and German Center for Infection Research, TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany
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47
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Surh YJ, Na HK. Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Targets of Piceatannol in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:185-211. [PMID: 27671818 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Piceatannol (3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene; PIC) is a naturally occurring stilbene present in diverse plant sources. PIC is a hydroxylated analog of resveratrol and produced from resveratrol by microsomal cytochrome P450 1A11/2 and 1B1 activities. Like resveratrol, PIC has a broad spectrum of health beneficial effects, many of which are attributable to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. PIC exerts anticarcinogenic effects by targeting specific proteins involved in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival/death, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. in tumor microenvironment. PIC also has other health promoting and disease preventing functions, such as anti-obese, antidiabetic, neuroptotective, cardioprotective, anti-allergic, anti-aging properties. This review outlines the principal biological activities of PIC and underlying mechanisms with special focus on intracellular signaling molecules/pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 142-732, South Korea.
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48
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Arumugam TV, Manzanero S, Furtado M, Biggins PJ, Hsieh YH, Gelderblom M, MacDonald KP, Salimova E, Li YI, Korn O, Dewar D, Macrae IM, Ashman RB, Tang SC, Rosenthal NA, Ruitenberg MJ, Magnus T, Wells CA. An atypical role for the myeloid receptor Mincle in central nervous system injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2098-2111. [PMID: 27492949 PMCID: PMC5444551 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16661201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin Mincle is implicated in innate immune responses to sterile inflammation, but its contribution to associated pathologies is not well understood. Herein, we show that Mincle exacerbates neuronal loss following ischemic but not traumatic spinal cord injury. Loss of Mincle was beneficial in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion but did not alter outcomes following heart or gut ischemia. High functional scores in Mincle KO animals using the focal cerebral ischemia model were accompanied by reduced lesion size, fewer infiltrating leukocytes and less neutrophil-derived cytokine production than isogenic controls. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that the presence of Mincle in the central nervous system, rather than recruited immune cells, was the critical regulator of a poor outcome following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. There was no evidence for a direct role for Mincle in microglia or neural activation, but expression in a subset of macrophages resident in the perivascular niche provided new clues on Mincle's role in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruma V Arumugam
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Silvia Manzanero
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,3 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Milena Furtado
- 4 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,5 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Patrick J Biggins
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hsieh
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- 6 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kelli Pa MacDonald
- 7 Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- 4 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu-I Li
- 8 Department of Pathology and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Othmar Korn
- 3 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah Dewar
- 9 Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, Wellcome Surgical Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- 9 Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, Wellcome Surgical Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert B Ashman
- 10 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sung-Chun Tang
- 8 Department of Pathology and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,11 Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- 4 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,5 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,12 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim Magnus
- 6 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine A Wells
- 3 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,13 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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49
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The pattern recognition receptor, Mincle, is essential for maintaining the M1 macrophage phenotype in acute renal inflammation. Kidney Int 2017; 91:587-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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50
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Xie Y, Guo H, Wang L, Xu L, Zhang X, Yu L, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhao N, Zhao N, Ye R, Liu X. Human albumin attenuates excessive innate immunity via inhibition of microglial Mincle/Syk signaling in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:346-360. [PMID: 27845194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating subtype of stroke. Microglial macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) receptor launches microglial innate immunity after SAH, and thereby achieves a key step of early cerebral injury in SAH. We previously revealed albumin could improve long-term neurological outcomes after SAH. In this study, we examined the role of microglia-mediated innate immunity in the salutary effects of albumin. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in rats. We found that albumin can significantly mitigate early neurovascular dysfunction of SAH rats. Albumin administration resulted in reduced Iba-1 and CD68 staining in cortex. Markers of microglia M1 polarization (iNOS, IL-1β, CD16, and CD32) were remarkably suppressed. Neutrophil invasion was inhibited as chemokines (MCP-1, CINC-1, and CXCL-2) mRNA levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions were decreased. Mechanistically, albumin bound with microglial Mincle receptor, and retarded Mincle/Syk/IL-1β signaling in ipsilateral hemisphere subjected to SAH. In the cultured BV-2 microglial cells, we found Mincle and its ligand SAP130 mediate the cross-talk between neuronal necroptosis and microglial immunity response following SAH-related injury. Albumin could attenuate SAP130-induced Mincle upregulation and subsequent microglial inflammatory responses. The anti-inflammation effect of albumin was similar to the effect of genetic knockdown of Mincle. This effect may be attributed to a direct association between albumin and Mincle. The interaction also yielded a depression in the initiation of Mincle/Syk/IL-1β pathway. In conclusion, our results indicate that albumin can ameliorate innate immune responses after SAH. This anti-inflammatory action may be through direct restraining microglial Mincle receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Hongquan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Liumin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Nana Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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