1
|
Vliegenthart R, Fouras A, Jacobs C, Papanikolaou N. Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x-ray velocimetry. Respirology 2022; 27:818-833. [PMID: 35965430 PMCID: PMC9546393 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, pulmonary imaging has seen enormous progress, with the introduction, validation and implementation of new hardware and software. There is a general trend from mere visual evaluation of radiological images to quantification of abnormalities and biomarkers, and assessment of ‘non visual’ markers that contribute to establishing diagnosis or prognosis. Important catalysts to these developments in thoracic imaging include new indications (like computed tomography [CT] lung cancer screening) and the COVID‐19 pandemic. This review focuses on developments in CT, radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI) and x‐ray velocimetry for imaging of the lungs. Recent developments in CT include the potential for ultra‐low‐dose CT imaging for lung nodules, and the advent of a new generation of CT systems based on photon‐counting detector technology. Radiomics has demonstrated potential towards predictive and prognostic tasks particularly in lung cancer, previously not achievable by visual inspection by radiologists, exploiting high dimensional patterns (mostly texture related) on medical imaging data. Deep learning technology has revolutionized the field of AI and as a result, performance of AI algorithms is approaching human performance for an increasing number of specific tasks. X‐ray velocimetry integrates x‐ray (fluoroscopic) imaging with unique image processing to produce quantitative four dimensional measurement of lung tissue motion, and accurate calculations of lung ventilation. See relatedEditorial
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Data Science in Health (DASH), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Colin Jacobs
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nickolas Papanikolaou
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,AI Hub, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jung HW, Lee I, Lee SH, Morgan K, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Mucociliary Transit Assessment Using Automatic Tracking in Phase Contrast X-Ray Images of Live Mouse Nasal Airways. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The rate of mucociliary transit (MCT) is an indicator of the hydration and health of the airways for cystic fibrosis (CF). To determine the effectiveness of cystic fibrosis respiratory therapies, we have developed a novel method to non-invasively quantify the local rate and patterns of MCT behaviour in vivo by using synchrotron phase contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) to visualise the MCT motion of micron-sized spherical particles deposited onto the airway surfaces of live mice.
Methods
In this study the baseline MCT behaviour was assessed in the nasal airways of CFTR-null and normal mice which were then treated with hypertonic saline (HS) or mannitol. To assess MCT, the particle motion was tracked throughout the synchrotron PCXI sequences using fully-automated custom image analysis software.
Results
There was no significant difference in the MCT rate between normal and CFTR-null mice, but the analysis of MCT particle tracking showed that HS may have a longer duration of action in CFTR-null mice than in the normal mice.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that changes in MCT rate in CF and normal mouse nasal airways can be measured using PCXI and customised tracking software and used for assessing the effects of airway rehydrating pharmaceutical treatments.
Collapse
|
3
|
Donnelley M, Cmielewski P, Morgan K, Delhove J, Reyne N, McCarron A, Rout-Pitt N, Drysdale V, Carpentieri C, Spiers K, Takeuchi A, Uesugi K, Yagi N, Parsons D. Improved in-vivo airway gene transfer via magnetic-guidance, with protocol development informed by synchrotron imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9000. [PMID: 35637239 PMCID: PMC9151774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene vectors to treat cystic fibrosis lung disease should be targeted to the conducting airways, as peripheral lung transduction does not offer therapeutic benefit. Viral transduction efficiency is directly related to the vector residence time. However, delivered fluids such as gene vectors naturally spread to the alveoli during inspiration, and therapeutic particles of any form are rapidly cleared via mucociliary transit. Extending gene vector residence time within the conducting airways is important, but hard to achieve. Gene vector conjugated magnetic particles that can be guided to the conducting airway surfaces could improve regional targeting. Due to the challenges of in-vivo visualisation, the behaviour of such small magnetic particles on the airway surface in the presence of an applied magnetic field is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use synchrotron imaging to visualise the in-vivo motion of a range of magnetic particles in the trachea of anaesthetised rats to examine the dynamics and patterns of individual and bulk particle behaviour in-vivo. We also then assessed whether lentiviral-magnetic particle delivery in the presence of a magnetic field increases transduction efficiency in the rat trachea. Synchrotron X-ray imaging revealed the behaviour of magnetic particles in stationary and moving magnetic fields, both in-vitro and in-vivo. Particles could not easily be dragged along the live airway surface with the magnet, but during delivery deposition was focussed within the field of view where the magnetic field was the strongest. Transduction efficiency was also improved six-fold when the lentiviral-magnetic particles were delivered in the presence of a magnetic field. Together these results show that lentiviral-magnetic particles and magnetic fields may be a valuable approach for improving gene vector targeting and increasing transduction levels in the conducting airways in-vivo.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rogers TD, Button B, Kelada SNP, Ostrowski LE, Livraghi-Butrico A, Gutay MI, Esther CR, Grubb BR. Regional Differences in Mucociliary Clearance in the Upper and Lower Airways. Front Physiol 2022; 13:842592. [PMID: 35356083 PMCID: PMC8959816 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.842592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the nasal cavity is the portal of entry for inspired air in mammals, this region is exposed to the highest concentration of inhaled particulate matter and pathogens, which must be removed to keep the lower airways sterile. Thus, one might expect vigorous removal of these substances via mucociliary clearance (MCC) in this region. We have investigated the rate of MCC in the murine nasal cavity compared to the more distal airways (trachea). The rate of MCC in the nasal cavity (posterior nasopharynx, PNP) was ∼3–4× greater than on the tracheal wall. This appeared to be due to a more abundant population of ciliated cells in the nasal cavity (∼80%) compared to the more sparsely ciliated trachea (∼40%). Interestingly, the tracheal ventral wall exhibited a significantly lower rate of MCC than the tracheal posterior membrane. The trachealis muscle underlying the ciliated epithelium on the posterior membrane appeared to control the surface architecture and likely in part the rate of MCC in this tracheal region. In one of our mouse models (Bpifb1 KO) exhibiting a 3-fold increase in MUC5B protein in lavage fluid, MCC particle transport on the tracheal walls was severely compromised, yet normal MCC occurred on the tracheal posterior membrane. While a blanket of mucus covered the surface of both the PNP and trachea, this mucus appeared to be transported as a blanket by MCC only in the PNP. In contrast, particles appeared to be transported as discrete patches or streams of mucus in the trachea. In addition, particle transport in the PNP was fairly linear, in contrast transport of particles in the trachea often followed a more non-linear route. The thick, viscoelastic mucus blanket that covered the PNP, which exhibited ∼10-fold greater mass of mucus than did the blanket covering the surface of the trachea, could be transported over large areas completely devoid of cells (made by a breach in the epithelial layer). In contrast, particles could not be transported over even a small epithelial breach in the trachea. The thick mucus blanket in the PNP likely aids in particle transport over the non-ciliated olfactory cells in the nasal cavity and likely contributes to humidification and more efficient particle trapping in this upper airway region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy D. Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Samir N. P. Kelada
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lawrence E. Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Mark I. Gutay
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles R. Esther
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Barbara R. Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Barbara R. Grubb,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DiCarlo AL, Homer MJ, Coleman CN. United States medical preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:10.1088/1361-6498/ac0d3f. [PMID: 34153947 PMCID: PMC8648948 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac0d3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the end of the Cold War in 1991, U.S. Government (USG) investments in radiation science and medical preparedness were phased out; however, the events of 11 September, which involved a terroristic attack on American soil, led to the re-establishment of funding for both radiation preparedness and development of approaches to address injuries. Similar activities have also been instituted worldwide, as the global threat of a radiological or nuclear incident continues to be a concern. Much of the USG's efforts to plan for the unthinkable have centred on establishing clear lines of communication between agencies with responsibility for triage and medical response, and external stakeholders. There have also been strong connections made between those parts of the government that establish policies, fund research, oversee regulatory approval, and purchase and stockpile necessary medical supplies. Progress made in advancing preparedness has involved a number of subject matter meetings and tabletop exercises, publication of guidance documents, assessment of available resources, clear establishment of anticipated concepts of operation for multiple radiation and nuclear scenarios, and identification/mobilization of resources. From a scientific perspective, there were clear research gaps that needed to be addressed, which included the need to identify accurate biomarkers and design biodosimetry devices to triage large numbers of civilians, develop decorporation agents that are more amenable for mass casualty use, and advance candidate products to address injuries caused by radiation exposure and thereby improve survival. Central to all these activities was the development of several different animal constructs, since efficacy testing of these approaches requires extensive work in research models that accurately simulate what would be expected in humans. Recent experiences with COVID-19 have provided an opportunity to revisit aspects of radiation preparedness, and leverage those lessons learned to enhance readiness for a possible future radiation public health emergency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary J Homer
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program (RRP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sears PR, Bustamante-Marin XM, Gong H, Markovetz MR, Superfine R, Hill DB, Ostrowski LE. Induction of ciliary orientation by matrix patterning and characterization of mucociliary transport. Biophys J 2021; 120:1387-1395. [PMID: 33705757 PMCID: PMC8105732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key feature of many airway diseases, including asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. To improve MCC and develop new treatments for these diseases requires a thorough understanding of how mucus concentration, mucus composition, and ciliary activity affect MCC, and how different therapeutics impact this process. Although differentiated cultures of human airway epithelial cells are useful for investigations of MCC, the extent of ciliary coordination in these cultures varies, and the mechanisms controlling ciliary orientation are not completely understood. By introducing a pattern of ridges and grooves into the underlying collagen substrate, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that changes in the extracellular matrix can induce ciliary alignment. Remarkably, 90% of human airway epithelial cultures achieved continuous directional mucociliary transport (MCT) when grown on the patterned substrate. These cultures maintain transport for months, allowing carefully controlled investigations of MCC over a wide range of normal and pathological conditions. To characterize the system, we measured the transport of bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) under several conditions. Transport of 5% BSM was significantly reduced compared with that of 2% BSM, and treatment of 5% BSM with the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reduced viscosity and increased the rate of MCT by approximately twofold. Addition of a small amount of high-molecular-weight DNA increased mucus viscosity and reduced MCT by ∼75%, demonstrating that the composition of mucus, as well as the concentration, can have significant effects on MCT. Our results demonstrate that a simple patterning of the collagen substrate results in highly coordinated ciliated cultures that develop directional MCT, and can be used to investigate the mechanisms controlling the regulation of ciliary orientation. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that this method provides an improved system for studying the effects of mucus composition and therapeutic agents on MCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Sears
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Henry Gong
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew R Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dubsky S. Synchrotron-Based Dynamic Lung Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
8
|
Gardner M, Parsons D, Morgan K, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Gradl R, Donnelley M. Towards automated in vivo tracheal mucociliary transport measurement: Detecting and tracking particle movement in synchrotron phase-contrast x-ray images. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:145012. [PMID: 32045895 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Accurate in vivo quantification of airway mucociliary transport (MCT) in animal models is important for understanding diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as for developing therapies. A non-invasive method of measuring MCT behaviour, based on tracking the position of micron sized particles using synchrotron x-ray imaging, has previously been described. In previous studies, the location (and path) of each particle was tracked manually, which is a time consuming and subjective process. Here we describe particle tracking methods that were developed to reduce the need for manual particle tracking. The MCT marker particles were detected in the synchrotron x-ray images using cascade classifiers. The particle trajectories along the airway surface were generated by linking the detected locations between frames using a modified particle linking algorithm. The developed methods were compared with the manual tracking method on simulated x-ray images, as well as on in vivo images of rat airways acquired at the SPring-8 Synchrotron. The results for the simulated and in vivo images showed that the semi-automatic algorithm reduced the time required for particle tracking when compared with the manual tracking method, and was able to detect MCT marker particle locations and measure particle speeds more accurately than the manual tracking method. Future work will examine the modification of methods to improve particle detection and particle linking algorithms to allow for more accurate fully-automatic particle tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gardner
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, SA 5006 North Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morgan KS, Parsons D, Cmielewski P, McCarron A, Gradl R, Farrow N, Siu K, Takeuchi A, Suzuki Y, Uesugi K, Uesugi M, Yagi N, Hall C, Klein M, Maksimenko A, Stevenson A, Hausermann D, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F, Donnelley M. Methods for dynamic synchrotron X-ray respiratory imaging in live animals. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:164-175. [PMID: 31868749 PMCID: PMC6927518 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519014863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small-animal physiology studies are typically complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron and compact light sources. This group has extensive experience in these types of studies at the SPring-8 and Australian synchrotrons, as well as the Munich Compact Light Source. These experimental settings produce unique challenges. Experiments are always performed in an isolated radiation enclosure not specifically designed for live-animal imaging. This requires equipment adapted to physiological monitoring and test-substance delivery, as well as shuttering to reduce the radiation dose. Experiment designs must also take into account the fixed location, size and orientation of the X-ray beam. This article describes the techniques developed to overcome the challenges involved in respiratory X-ray imaging of live animals at synchrotrons, now enabling increasingly sophisticated imaging protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaye Susannah Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Regine Gradl
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Karen Siu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Akihisa Takeuchi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Uesugi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoto Yagi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chris Hall
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mitzi Klein
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Hausermann
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Gradl R, Dierolf M, Möller W, Kutschke D, Feuchtinger A, Hehn L, Donnelley M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Walch A, Stoeger T, Razansky D, Pfeiffer F, Morgan KS, Schmid O. Multimodal Precision Imaging of Pulmonary Nanoparticle Delivery in Mice: Dynamics of Application, Spatial Distribution, and Dosimetry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904112. [PMID: 31639283 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of nanomedicine/nanoparticles (NM/NPs) to the site of disease (e.g., the tumor or lung injury) is of vital importance for improved therapeutic efficacy. Multimodal imaging platforms provide powerful tools for monitoring delivery and tissue distribution of drugs and NM/NPs. This study introduces a preclinical imaging platform combining X-ray (two modes) and fluorescence imaging (three modes) techniques for time-resolved in vivo and spatially resolved ex vivo visualization of mouse lungs during pulmonary NP delivery. Liquid mixtures of iodine (contrast agent for X-ray) and/or (nano)particles (X-ray absorbing and/or fluorescent) are delivered to different regions of the lung via intratracheal instillation, nasal aspiration, and ventilator-assisted aerosol inhalation. It is demonstrated that in vivo propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging elucidates the dynamic process of pulmonary NP delivery, while ex vivo fluorescence imaging (e.g., tissue-cleared light sheet fluorescence microscopy) reveals the quantitative 3D drug/particle distribution throughout the entire lung with cellular resolution. The novel and complementary information from this imaging platform unveils the dynamics and mechanisms of pulmonary NM/NP delivery and deposition for each of the delivery routes, which provides guidance on optimizing pulmonary delivery techniques and novel-designed NM for targeting and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Winfried Möller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - David Kutschke
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Kaye S Morgan
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Particle coating alters mucociliary transit in excised rat trachea: A synchrotron X-ray imaging study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10983. [PMID: 31358851 PMCID: PMC6662859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed non-invasive in vivo mucociliary transport (MCT) monitoring methods using synchrotron phase contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) to evaluate potential therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, previous in vivo measurements of MCT velocity using this method were lower than those from alternate methods. We hypothesise this was due to the surface chemistry of the uncoated particles. We investigated the effect of particle surface coating on MCT marker performance by measuring the velocity of uncoated, positively-charged (aminated; NH2), and negatively-charged (carboxylated; COOH) particles. The effect of aerosolised hypertonic saline (HS) was also investigated, as previous in vivo measurements showed HS significantly increased MCT rate. PCXI experiments were performed using an ex vivo rat tracheal imaging setup. Prior to aerosol delivery there was little movement of the uncoated particles, whilst the NH2 and COOH particles moved with MCT rates similar to those previously reported. After application of HS the uncoated and COOH particle velocity increased and NH2 decreased. This experiment validated the use of COOH particles as MCT marker particles over the uncoated and NH2 coated particles. Our results suggest that future experiments measuring MCT using synchrotron PCXI should use COOH coated marker particles for more accurate MCT quantification.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nebulized hypertonic saline triggers nervous system-mediated active liquid secretion in cystic fibrosis swine trachea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:540. [PMID: 30679487 PMCID: PMC6345831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled hypertonic saline (HTS) treatment is used to improve lung health in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The current consensus is that the treatment generates an osmotic gradient that draws water into the airways and increases airway surface liquid (ASL) volume. However, there is evidence that HTS may also stimulate active secretion of ASL by airway epithelia through the activation of sensory neurons. We tested the contribution of the nervous system and airway epithelia on HTS-stimulated ASL height increase in CF and wild-type swine airway. We used synchrotron-based imaging to investigate whether airway neurons and epithelia are involved in HTS treatment-triggered ASL secretion in CFTR−/− and wild-type swine. We showed that blocking parasympathetic and sensory neurons in airway resulted in ~50% reduction of the effect of HTS treatment on ASL volume in vivo. Incubating tracheal preparations with inhibitors of epithelial ion transport across airway decreased secretory responses to HTS treatment. CFTR−/− swine ex-vivo tracheal preparations showed substantially decreased secretory response to HTS treatment after blockage of neuronal activity. Our results indicated that HTS-triggered ASL secretion is partially mediated by the stimulation of airway neurons and the subsequent activation of active epithelia secretion; osmosis accounts for only ~50% of the effect.
Collapse
|
13
|
Donnelley M, Morgan KS, Gradl R, Klein M, Hausermann D, Hall C, Maksimenko A, Parsons DW. Live-pig-airway surface imaging and whole-pig CT at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:175-183. [PMID: 30655483 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518014133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) was designed to be the world's widest synchrotron X-ray beam, partly to enable clinical imaging and therapeutic applications for humans, as well as for imaging large-animal models. Our group is currently interested in imaging the airways of newly developed cystic fibrosis (CF) animal models that display human-like lung disease, such as the CF pig. One key outcome measure for assessing the effectiveness of CF airway therapies is the ability of the lung to clear inhaled particulates by mucociliary transit (MCT). This study extends the ex vivo sheep and pig tracheal-tissue studies previously performed by the authors at the IMBL. In the present study, attempts were made to determine whether the design of the IMBL is suitable for imaging tracheal MCT in live pigs. The movement of 200 µm-diameter high-refractive-index (HRI) glass-bead marker particles deposited onto the tracheal airway surface of eight live piglets was tracked and quantified and the MCT response to aerosol delivery was examined. A high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) whole-animal post-mortem scan of one pig was also performed to verify the large sample CT capabilities of the IMBL. MCT tracking particles were visible in all animals, and the automated MCT tracking algorithms used were able to identify and track many particles, but accuracy was reduced when particles moved faster than ∼6 mm min-1 (50 pixels between exposures), or when the particles touched or overlapped. Renderings were successfully made from the CT data set. Technical issues prevented use of reliable shuttering and hence radiation doses were variable. Since dose must be carefully controlled in future studies, estimates of the minimum achievable radiation doses using this experiment design are shown. In summary, this study demonstrated the suitability of the IMBL for large-animal tracheal MCT imaging, and for whole-animal CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Kaye S Morgan
- School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Regine Gradl
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mitzi Klein
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Hausermann
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Chris Hall
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - David W Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Donnelley M, Parsons DW. Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease: Overcoming the Barriers to Translation to the Clinic. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1381. [PMID: 30538635 PMCID: PMC6277470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, chronic and debilitating genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane-Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Unrelenting airway disease begins in infancy and produces a steady deterioration in quality of life, ultimately leading to premature death. While life expectancy has improved, current treatments for CF are neither preventive nor curative. Since the discovery of CFTR the vision of correcting the underlying genetic defect - not just treating the symptoms - has been developed to where it is poised to become a transformative technology. Addition of a properly functioning CFTR gene into defective airway cells is the only biologically rational way to prevent or treat CF airway disease for all CFTR mutation classes. While new gene editing approaches hold exciting promise, airway gene-addition therapy remains the most encouraging therapeutic approach for CF. However, early work has not yet progressed to large-scale clinical trials. For clinical trials to begin in earnest the field must demonstrate that gene therapies are safe in CF lungs; can provide clear health benefits and alter the course of lung disease; can be repeatedly dosed to boost effect; and can be scaled effectively from small animal models into human-sized lungs. Demonstrating the durability of these effects demands relevant CF animal models and accurate and reliable techniques to measure benefit. In this review, illustrated with data from our own studies, we outline recent technological developments and discuss these key questions that we believe must be answered to progress CF airway gene-addition therapies to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David W. Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mucociliary Clearance in Mice Measured by Tracking Trans-tracheal Fluorescence of Nasally Aerosolized Beads. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14744. [PMID: 30282981 PMCID: PMC6170422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense in clearing airways. In genetically engineered mice, each component of this system (ciliary beat, mucus, airway surface hydration) can be studied separately to determine its contribution to MCC. Because MCC is difficult to measure in mice, MCC measurements are often omitted from these studies. We report a simple method to measure MCC in mice involving nasal inhalation of aerosolized fluorescent beads and trans-tracheal bead tracking. This method has a number of advantages over existing methods: (1) a small volume of liquid is deposited thus minimally disturbing the airway surface; (2) bead behavior on airways can be visualized; (3) useful for adult or neonatal mice; (4) the equipment is relatively inexpensive and easily obtainable. The type of anesthetic had no significant effect on the rate of MCC, but overloading the airways with beads significantly decreased MCC. In addition, the rate of bead transport was not different in alive (3.11 mm/min) vs recently euthanized mice (3.10 mm/min). A 5-min aerosolization of beads in a solution containing UTP significantly increased the rate of MCC, demonstrating that our method would be of value in testing the role of various pharmacological agents on MCC.
Collapse
|
16
|
In vivo Dynamic Phase-Contrast X-ray Imaging using a Compact Light Source. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6788. [PMID: 29717143 PMCID: PMC5931574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first dynamic and the first in vivo X-ray imaging studies successfully performed at a laser-undulator-based compact synchrotron light source. The X-ray properties of this source enable time-sequence propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging. We focus here on non-invasive imaging for respiratory treatment development and physiological understanding. In small animals, we capture the regional delivery of respiratory treatment, and two measures of respiratory health that can reveal the effectiveness of a treatment; lung motion and mucociliary clearance. The results demonstrate the ability of this set-up to perform laboratory-based dynamic imaging, specifically in small animal models, and with the possibility of longitudinal studies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lizal F, Jedelsky J, Morgan K, Bauer K, Llop J, Cossio U, Kassinos S, Verbanck S, Ruiz-Cabello J, Santos A, Koch E, Schnabel C. Experimental methods for flow and aerosol measurements in human airways and their replicas. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 113:95-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
18
|
Bäckman P, Arora S, Couet W, Forbes B, de Kruijf W, Paudel A. Advances in experimental and mechanistic computational models to understand pulmonary exposure to inhaled drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 113:41-52. [PMID: 29079338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of local exposure following inhalation of a locally acting pulmonary drug is central to the successful development of novel inhaled medicines, as well as generic equivalents. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art with respect to multiscale computer models designed to provide a mechanistic prediction of local and systemic drug exposure following inhalation. The availability and quality of underpinning in vivo and in vitro data informing the computer based models is also considered. Mechanistic modelling of local exposure has the potential to speed up and improve the chances of successful inhaled API and product development. Although there are examples in the literature where this type of modelling has been used to understand and explain local and systemic exposure, there are two main barriers to more widespread use. There is a lack of generally recognised commercially available computational models that incorporate mechanistic modelling of regional lung particle deposition and drug disposition processes to simulate free tissue drug concentration. There is also a need for physiologically relevant, good quality experimental data to inform such modelling. For example, there are no standardized experimental methods to characterize the dissolution of solid drug in the lungs or measure airway permeability. Hence, the successful application of mechanistic computer models to understand local exposure after inhalation and support product development and regulatory applications hinges on: (i) establishing reliable, bio-relevant means to acquire experimental data, and (ii) developing proven mechanistic computer models that combine: a mechanistic model of aerosol deposition and post-deposition processes in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models that predict free local tissue concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Arora
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - William Couet
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gradl R, Dierolf M, Hehn L, Günther B, Yildirim AÖ, Gleich B, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F, Morgan KS. Propagation-based Phase-Contrast X-ray Imaging at a Compact Light Source. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4908. [PMID: 28687726 PMCID: PMC5501835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the applicability of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a laser-assisted compact light source with known phantoms and the lungs and airways of a mouse. The Munich Compact Light Source provides a quasi-monochromatic beam with partial spatial coherence, and high flux relative to other non-synchrotron sources (up to 1010 ph/s). In our study we observe significant edge-enhancement and quantitative phase-retrieval is successfully performed on the known phantom. Furthermore the images of a small animal show the potential for live bio-imaging research studies that capture biological function using short exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Gradl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Max-Plank-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermannstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumologie Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Lung Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Kaye Susannah Morgan
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Murrie RP, Morgan KS, Maksimenko A, Fouras A, Paganin DM, Hall C, Siu KKW, Parsons DW, Donnelley M. Live small-animal X-ray lung velocimetry and lung micro-tomography at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1049-1055. [PMID: 26134810 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515006001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The high flux and coherence produced at long synchrotron beamlines makes them well suited to performing phase-contrast X-ray imaging of the airways and lungs of live small animals. Here, findings of the first live-animal imaging on the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron are reported, demonstrating the feasibility of performing dynamic lung motion measurement and high-resolution micro-tomography. Live anaesthetized mice were imaged using 30 keV monochromatic X-rays at a range of sample-to-detector propagation distances. A frame rate of 100 frames s(-1) allowed lung motion to be determined using X-ray velocimetry. A separate group of humanely killed mice and rats were imaged by computed tomography at high resolution. Images were reconstructed and rendered to demonstrate the capacity for detailed, user-directed display of relevant respiratory anatomy. The ability to perform X-ray velocimetry on live mice at the IMBL was successfully demonstrated. High-quality renderings of the head and lungs visualized both large structures and fine details of the nasal and respiratory anatomy. The effect of sample-to-detector propagation distance on contrast and resolution was also investigated, demonstrating that soft tissue contrast increases, and resolution decreases, with increasing propagation distance. This new capability to perform live-animal imaging and high-resolution micro-tomography at the IMBL enhances the capability for investigation of respiratory diseases and the acceleration of treatment development in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon P Murrie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kaye S Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Fouras
- Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David M Paganin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chris Hall
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Karen K W Siu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David W Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dubsky S, Fouras A. Imaging regional lung function: a critical tool for developing inhaled antimicrobial therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 85:100-9. [PMID: 25819486 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in regional lung function due to respiratory infection have a significant effect on the deposition of inhaled treatments. This has consequences for treatment effectiveness and hence recovery of lung function. In order to advance our understanding of respiratory infection and inhaled treatment delivery, we must develop imaging techniques that can provide regional functional measurements of the lung. In this review, we explore the role of functional imaging for the assessment of respiratory infection and development of inhaled treatments. We describe established and emerging functional lung imaging methods. The effect of infection on lung function is described, and the link between regional disease, function, and inhaled treatments is discussed. The potential for lung function imaging to provide unique insights into the functional consequences of infection, and its treatment, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dubsky
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Andreas Fouras
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee I. Circular particle detection using sectored ring mask for synchrotron PCXI images. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:7889-7892. [PMID: 26738121 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that compromises the respiratory function and the ability of the mucociliary transit (MCT) system. One of the most recent researches introduced a noble method to investigate the progress of the treatment, in which small particles with mostly circular shape injected to the respiratory system and the images were taken using Synchrotron X-ray beam. Since the small particles flow through the respiratory system of the body, the direct observation of MCT measurement will help to understand the progress of the treatment. Identifying the particle is the critical step towards the automatic analysis of the image. However, the objects of interests are usually very small, not perfect circular shape and slightly overlapped from each other with lots of noise due to radiation. This paper proposes a robust and effective detection method of such particles using sectored ring mask (SRM) with gradient descent method. The proposed method extracts strong edges of the particles and the edge line gradients and circle fitting algorithm will filter out invalid edges, resulting in clear particle edge detection. The proposed method has validated through experimental study and presented robust detection rates of 91.9% precision and 89.0% recall.
Collapse
|
23
|
Donnelley M, Morgan KS, Siu KKW, Fouras A, Farrow NR, Carnibella RP, Parsons DW. Tracking extended mucociliary transport activity of individual deposited particles: longitudinal synchrotron X-ray imaging in live mice. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:768-773. [PMID: 24971973 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751400856x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess potential therapies for respiratory diseases in which mucociliary transit (MCT) is impaired, such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, a novel and non-invasive MCT quantification method has been developed in which the transit rate and behaviour of individual micrometre-sized deposited particles are measured in live mice using synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging. Particle clearance by MCT is known to be a two-phase process that occurs over a period of minutes to days. Previous studies have assessed MCT in the fast-clearance phase, ∼20 min after marker particle dosing. The aim of this study was to non-invasively image changes in particle presence and MCT during the slow-clearance phase, and simultaneously determine whether repeat synchrotron X-ray imaging of mice was feasible over periods of 3, 9 and 25 h. All mice tolerated the repeat imaging procedure with no adverse effects. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the particle MCT rate and the number of particles present in the airway both decreased with time. This study successfully demonstrated for the first time that longitudinal synchrotron X-ray imaging studies are possible in live small animals, provided appropriate animal handling techniques are used and care is taken to reduce the delivered radiation dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Donnelley
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Kaye S Morgan
- School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Karen K W Siu
- School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Fouras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Nigel R Farrow
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Richard P Carnibella
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - David W Parsons
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|