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Rodrigues Aguiar MDF, Guterres MM, Benarrosh EM, Verri WA, Calixto-Campos C, Dias QM. The Nociceptive and Inflammatory Responses Induced by the Ehrlich Solid Tumor Are Changed in Mice Healed of Plasmodium berghei Strain ANKA Infection after Chloroquine Treatment. J Parasitol Res 2024; 2024:3771926. [PMID: 38774541 PMCID: PMC11108701 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3771926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities that involve infectious and noninfectious diseases, such as malaria and cancer, have been described. Cancer and malaria induce changes in the nociceptive and inflammatory responses through similar pathophysiological mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether malaria and antimalarial treatment can change the inflammatory and nociceptive responses induced by solid cancer. Therefore, the present study experimentally evaluated the effect of infection by Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA and chloroquine treatment on the nociceptive and inflammatory responses induced by the solid Ehrlich tumor in male BALB/c mice. On the 1st experimental day, mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and injected with tumor cells in the left hind paw. From the 7th to the 9th experimental day, mice were treated daily with chloroquine. The parasitemia was evaluated on the 7th and 10th days after infection. On the 11th experimental day, mice were evaluated on the von Frey filament test, the hot plate test, and the paw volume test. At the end of the experimental tests on the 11th day, the peripheral blood of all mice was collected for dosing of IL-1β and TNF-α. The blood parasitemia significantly increased from the 7th to the 10th day. The chloroquine treatment significantly decreased the parasitemia on the 10th day. The presence of the tumor did not significantly change the parasitemia on the 7th and 10th days in mice treated and nontreated with chloroquine. On the 11th day, the mechanical and thermal nociceptive responses significantly increased in mice with tumors. The treatment with antimalarial significantly reduced the mechanical nociceptive response induced by tumors. The hyperalgesia induced by tumors did not change with malaria. The mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by the tumor was significantly reduced in mice treated and healed from malaria. On the 11th day, the volume of the paw injected by the tumor was significantly increased. The mice treated with chloroquine, infected with malaria, or healed of malaria showed reduced paw edema induced by the tumor. Mice with tumors did not show a change in IL-β and TNF-α serum levels. Mice with tumors showed a significant increase in serum levels of IL-1β but not TNF-α when treated with chloroquine, infected with malaria, or healed of malaria. In conclusion, the results show that malaria infection and chloroquine treatment can influence, in synergic form, the nociceptive and inflammatory responses induced by the solid tumor. Moreover, the mechanical antinociception, the thermal hyperalgesia, and the antiedema effect observed in mice treated with chloroquine and healed from malaria can be related to the increase in the serum level of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fatima Rodrigues Aguiar
- Laboratory of Neuro and Immunopharmacology (NIMFAR)-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, BR 364, Km 3.5, Bairro Lagoa, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia, Campus-BR 364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Meiriane Mendes Guterres
- Laboratory of Neuro and Immunopharmacology (NIMFAR)-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, BR 364, Km 3.5, Bairro Lagoa, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Magalhães Benarrosh
- Laboratory of Neuro and Immunopharmacology (NIMFAR)-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, BR 364, Km 3.5, Bairro Lagoa, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cássia Calixto-Campos
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Quintino Moura Dias
- Laboratory of Neuro and Immunopharmacology (NIMFAR)-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, BR 364, Km 3.5, Bairro Lagoa, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia, Campus-BR 364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- São Lucas University Center - São Lucas PVH, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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Alshewered AS. The Parasitism and Tumors Carcinogenesis: A Review Subject. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:183-189. [PMID: 38489011 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-factorial reasons are an induction to cause cancer. Different infections and infestations with viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been detected for many years to be related to human carcinogenesis. PURPOSE The study aimed to review all ideas of tumor carcinogenesis and its associations with parasitic infections and infestations. METHODS We reviewed several articles (published and imprinted) by selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data about the relationship between cancers and parasites. RESULTS Several helminths infections as schistosomiasis, are highly carcinogenic agents for bladder cancer, whereas trypanosomiasis has a bi-model role in cancer development. Leishmaniasis may be a cause of hepatocarcinoma, skin cancer, and lymphomas. In addition, malaria appears to be causative in the carcinogenesis of some cancers; as Burkitt lymphoma. Also, data from previous studies suggested that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in lymphomas. CONCLUSION There are different mechanisms of parasitic infection to be enhancing in carcinogenesis of cancer in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salih Alshewered
- Misan Radiation Oncology Center, Misan Health Directorate, Ministry of Health/Environment, Misan, Iraq.
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Hong HG, Gouveia MH, Ogwang MD, Kerchan P, Reynolds SJ, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Masalu N, Kawira E, Kinyera T, Wang X, Zhou J, Leal TP, Otim I, Legason ID, Nabalende H, Dhudha H, Mumia M, Baker FS, Okusolubo T, Ayers LW, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Woo J, Manning M, Cole N, Luo W, Hicks B, Chagaluka G, Johnston WT, Mutalima N, Borgstein E, Liomba GN, Kamiza S, Mkandawire N, Mitambo C, Molyneux EM, Newton R, Hutchinson A, Yeager M, Adeyemo AA, Thein SL, Rotimi CN, Chanock SJ, Prokunina-Olsson L, Mbulaiteye SM. Sickle cell allele HBB-rs334(T) is associated with decreased risk of childhood Burkitt lymphoma in East Africa. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:113-123. [PMID: 38009642 PMCID: PMC10872868 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that significantly contributes to childhood cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria, is geographically associated with BL, but the evidence remains insufficient for causal inference. Inference could be strengthened by demonstrating that mendelian genes known to protect against malaria-such as the sickle cell trait variant, HBB-rs334(T)-also protect against BL. We investigated this hypothesis among 800 BL cases and 3845 controls in four East African countries using genome-scan data to detect polymorphisms in 22 genes known to affect malaria risk. We fit generalized linear mixed models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for age, sex, country, and ancestry. The ORs of the loci with BL and P. falciparum infection among controls were correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.37, p = .039). HBB-rs334(T) was associated with lower P. falciparum infection risk among controls (OR = 0.752, 95% CI 0.628-0.9; p = .00189) and BL risk (OR = 0.687, 95% CI 0.533-0.885; p = .0037). ABO-rs8176703(T) was associated with decreased risk of BL (OR = 0.591, 95% CI 0.379-0.992; p = .00271), but not of P. falciparum infection. Our results increase support for the etiological correlation between P. falciparum and BL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokyoung G. Hong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mateus H. Gouveia
- Center for Research on Genomics & Global Health, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin D. Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua, Uganda
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Pamela A. Were
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T. Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Walter N. Wekesa
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health, Education, and Development Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Xunde Wang
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAs
| | - Jiefu Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Thiago Peixoto Leal
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D. Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua, Uganda
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Herry Dhudha
- EMBLEM Study, Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mediatrix Mumia
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Francine S. Baker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Temiloluwa Okusolubo
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAs
| | - Leona W. Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Woo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Manning
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Cole
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - George Chagaluka
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - W Thomas Johnston
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Nora Mutalima
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric Borgstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - George N. Liomba
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Steve Kamiza
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nyengo Mkandawire
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Elizabeth M. Molyneux
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robert Newton
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale A. Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics & Global Health, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAs
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics & Global Health, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sam M. Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhou W, Fischer A, Ogwang MD, Luo W, Kerchan P, Reynolds SJ, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Masalu N, Kawira E, Kinyera T, Otim I, Legason ID, Nabalende H, Ayers LW, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Gouveia MH, Cole N, Hicks B, Jones K, Hummel M, Schlesner M, Chagaluka G, Mutalima N, Borgstein E, Liomba GN, Kamiza S, Mkandawire N, Mitambo C, Molyneux EM, Newton R, Glaser S, Kretzmer H, Manning M, Hutchinson A, Hsing AW, Tettey Y, Adjei AA, Chanock SJ, Siebert R, Yeager M, Prokunina-Olsson L, Machiela MJ, Mbulaiteye SM. Mosaic chromosomal alterations in peripheral blood leukocytes of children in sub-Saharan Africa. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8081. [PMID: 38057307 PMCID: PMC10700489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-income countries, mosaic chromosomal alterations in peripheral blood leukocytes are associated with an elevated risk of adverse health outcomes, including hematologic malignancies. We investigate mosaic chromosomal alterations in sub-Saharan Africa among 931 children with Burkitt lymphoma, an aggressive lymphoma commonly characterized by immunoglobulin-MYC chromosomal rearrangements, 3822 Burkitt lymphoma-free children, and 674 cancer-free men from Ghana. We find autosomal and X chromosome mosaic chromosomal alterations in 3.4% and 1.7% of Burkitt lymphoma-free children, and 8.4% and 3.7% of children with Burkitt lymphoma (P-values = 5.7×10-11 and 3.74×10-2, respectively). Autosomal mosaic chromosomal alterations are detected in 14.0% of Ghanaian men and increase with age. Mosaic chromosomal alterations in Burkitt lymphoma cases include gains on chromosomes 1q and 8, the latter spanning MYC, while mosaic chromosomal alterations in Burkitt lymphoma-free children include copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 10, 14, and 16. Our results highlight mosaic chromosomal alterations in sub-Saharan African populations as a promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Wen Luo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance N Tenge
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pamela A Were
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Walter N Wekesa
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health, Education, and Development Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Center for Research on Genomics & Global Health, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Cole
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Hummel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Schlesner
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - George Chagaluka
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nora Mutalima
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric Borgstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - George N Liomba
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Steve Kamiza
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nyengo Mkandawire
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Collins Mitambo
- Research Department, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30377, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth M Molyneux
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robert Newton
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Selina Glaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Manning
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yao Tettey
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box KB 52, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box KB 52, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh D, Saha R, Sarkar R, Kumar S, Khokhar M, Pandey RK. Mechanism of Immune Evasion in Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050635. [PMID: 37242305 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, mosquito-borne illnesses have emerged as a major health burden in many tropical regions. These diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus infection, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus infection, are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These pathogens have been shown to interfere with the host's immune system through adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, as well as the human circulatory system. Crucial immune checkpoints such as antigen presentation, T cell activation, differentiation, and proinflammatory response play a vital role in the host cell's response to pathogenic infection. Furthermore, these immune evasions have the potential to stimulate the human immune system, resulting in other associated non-communicable diseases. This review aims to advance our understanding of mosquito-borne diseases and the immune evasion mechanisms by associated pathogens. Moreover, it highlights the adverse outcomes of mosquito-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debanjan Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rounak Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rima Sarkar
- DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
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Terletsky A, Akhmerova LG. Malignant human thyroid neoplasms associated with blood parasitic (haemosporidian) infection. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2023. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-mht-1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of archival cytological material obtained by cytologists during fine-needle aspiration biopsy in follicular, papillary, and medullary human thyroid cancers revealed haemosporidian (blood parasitic) infection. Haemosporidian infection was detected as exo- and intraerythrocytic stages of development in thyrocytes schizogony. The exoerythrocytic stage of development is represented as microschizonts in a thyroid needle biopsy specimen. Probably, blood parasitic infection is the common etiology for these pathologies. All biopsy material in medical laboratories was stained with RomanowskyGiemsa stain. To clarify the localization of nuclei (DNA) of thyrocytes and nuclei (DNA) of haemosporidian infection in cytological material following investigation of the entire set of smears, a selective series of original archival smears was stained (restained) with a Feulgen/Schiff reagent. Staining of smears with RomanowskyGiemsa stain is an adsorption method that enables re-use of the same smears for staining with a Feulgen/Schiff reagent where the fuchsin dye, after DNA hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid, is incorporated into DNA and stains it in redviolet (crimsonlilac) color. An intentionally unstained protoplasm of blood parasitic infection was present as a light band around erythrocyte nuclei. In follicular thyroid cancer, Feulgen staining of thyrocytes revealed nuclear DNA and parasitic DNA (haemosporidium nuclei) as point inclusions and rings and diffusely distributed in the thyrocyte cytoplasm. The thyrocyte cytoplasm and nuclei were vacuolated, with thyrocyte nuclei being deformed, flattened, and displaced to the cell periphery. The erythrocytes, which were initially stained with eosin (orange color), contained haemosporidian nuclei (DNA). In some cases, endoglobular inclusions in thyrocytes and erythrocytes were of the same size. In papillary thyroid cancer, we were able to localize the nuclear DNA of thyrocytes and the parasitic DNA as point inclusions and diffusely distributed in the thyrocyte cytoplasm. Two or more polymorphic nuclei may eccentrically occur in the hyperplastic cytoplasm. Haemosporidian microschizonts occurred circumnuclearly in thyrocytes and as an exoerythrocytic stage in the blood. The erythrocyte cytoplasm contained redviolet polymorphic haemosporidian nuclei (DNA). In medullary thyroid cancer, the hyperplastic cytoplasm of thyrocytes contained eccentrically located nuclei (DNA) of thyrocytes and small haemosporidian nuclei (DNA), which may occupy the whole thyrocyte. There were thyrocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm and pronounced nuclear polymorphism. The size of hyperplastic nuclei was several times larger than that of normal thyrocyte nuclei. The color of stained cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuoles of thyrocytes was less redviolet compared with that of surrounding tissues, which probably indicates the presence of parasitic DNA in them. The haemosporidian nuclear material in erythrocytes is represented by polymorphic nuclei, which may indicate the simultaneous presence of different pathogen species and/or generations in the blood. Intracellular parasitism of haemosporidian infection in thyrocytes (schizogony) associated with three thyroid cancers leads to pronounced cytoplasmic hyperplasia, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and nuclear vacuolization of the thyrocyte, followed by impaired secretory function. Multinucleated thyrocytes with incomplete cytokinesis appear. The absence of lytic death of the affected thyrocytes indicates that the contagium is able to control apoptosis and influence physiological functions of the cell. There is deformation of the nuclei, which leads to a decrease in their size, their flattening and displacement to the cell periphery, with high risk of DNA mutations and deletions in affected cells, reaching a neoplastic level.
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López C, Burkhardt B, Chan JKC, Leoncini L, Mbulaiteye SM, Ogwang MD, Orem J, Rochford R, Roschewski M, Siebert R. Burkitt lymphoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:78. [PMID: 36522349 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive form of B cell lymphoma that can affect children and adults. The study of BL led to the identification of the first recurrent chromosomal aberration in lymphoma, t(8;14)(q24;q32), and subsequent discovery of the central role of MYC and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tumorigenesis. Most patients with BL are cured with chemotherapy but those with relapsed or refractory disease usually die of lymphoma. Historically, endemic BL, non-endemic sporadic BL and the immunodeficiency-associated BL have been recognized, but differentiation of these epidemiological variants is confounded by the frequency of EBV positivity. Subtyping into EBV+ and EBV- BL might better describe the biological heterogeneity of the disease. Phenotypically resembling germinal centre B cells, all types of BL are characterized by dysregulation of MYC due to enhancer activation via juxtaposition with one of the three immunoglobulin loci. Additional molecular changes commonly affect B cell receptor and sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling, proliferation, survival and SWI-SNF chromatin remodelling. BL is diagnosed on the basis of morphology and high expression of MYC. BL can be effectively treated in children and adolescents with short durations of high dose-intensity multiagent chemotherapy regimens. Adults are more susceptible to toxic effects but are effectively treated with chemotherapy, including modified versions of paediatric regimens. The outcomes in patients with BL are good in high-income countries with low mortality and few late effects, but in low-income and middle-income countries, BL is diagnosed late and is usually treated with less-effective regimens affecting the overall good outcomes in patients with this lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (NHL-BFM) Study Center and Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - John K C Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Wen KW, Wang L, Menke JR, Damania B. Cancers associated with human gammaherpesviruses. FEBS J 2022; 289:7631-7669. [PMID: 34536980 PMCID: PMC9019786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus 4; HHV-4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8; HHV-8) are human gammaherpesviruses that have oncogenic properties. EBV is a lymphocryptovirus, whereas HHV-8/KSHV is a rhadinovirus. As lymphotropic viruses, EBV and KSHV are associated with several lymphoproliferative diseases or plasmacytic/plasmablastic neoplasms. Interestingly, these viruses can also infect epithelial cells causing carcinomas and, in the case of KSHV, endothelial cells, causing sarcoma. EBV is associated with Burkitt lymphoma, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, leiomyosarcoma, and subsets of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and gastric carcinoma. KSHV is implicated in Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and KSHV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathogenesis by these two herpesviruses is intrinsically linked to viral proteins expressed during the lytic and latent lifecycles. This comprehensive review intends to provide an overview of the EBV and KSHV viral cycles, viral proteins that contribute to oncogenesis, and the current understanding of the pathogenesis and clinicopathology of their related neoplastic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Wah Wen
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Joshua R. Menke
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology & Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Bock T, Bewarder M, Cetin O, Fadle N, Regitz E, Schwarz EC, Held J, Roth S, Lohse S, Pfuhl T, Wagener R, Smola S, Becker SL, Bohle RM, Trümper L, Siebert R, Hansmann M, Pfreundschuh M, Drexler HG, Hoth M, Kubuschok B, Roemer K, Preuss K, Hartmann S, Thurner L. B‐cell receptors of EBV‐negative Burkitt lymphoma bind modified isoforms of autoantigens. EJHAEM 2022; 3:739-747. [PMID: 36051037 PMCID: PMC9421956 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) represents the most aggressive B‐cell‐lymphoma. Beside the hallmark of IG‐MYC‐translocation, surface B‐cell receptor (BCR) is expressed, and mutations in the BCR pathway are frequent. Coincidental infections in endemic BL, and specific extra‐nodal sites suggest antigenic triggers. To explore this hypothesis, BCRs of BL cell lines and cases were screened for reactivities against a panel of bacterial lysates, lysates of Plasmodium falciparum, a custom‐made virome array and against self‐antigens, including post‐translationally modified antigens. An atypically modified, SUMOylated isoform of Bystin, that is, SUMO1‐BYSL was identified as the antigen of the BCR of cell line CA46. SUMO1‐BYSL was exclusively expressed in CA46 cells with K139 as site of the SUMOylation. Secondly, an atypically acetylated isoform of HSP40 was identified as the antigen of the BCR of cell line BL41. K104 and K179 were the sites of immunogenic acetylation, and the acetylated HSP40 isoform was solely present in BL41 cells. Functionally, addition of SUMO1‐BYSL and acetylated HSP40 induced BCR pathway activation in CA46 and BL41 cells, respectively. Accordingly, SUMO1‐BYSL‐ETA’ immunotoxin, produced by a two‐step intein‐based conjugation, led to the specific killing of CA46 cells. Autoantibodies directed against SUMO1‐BYSL were found in 3 of 14 (21.4%), and autoantibodies against acetylated HSP40 in 1/14(7.1%) patients with sporadic Burkitt‐lymphoma. No reactivities against antigens of the infectious agent spectrum could be observed. These results indicate a pathogenic role of autoreactivity evoked by immunogenic post‐translational modifications in a subgroup of sporadic BL including two EBV‐negative BL cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Bock
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Onur Cetin
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Natalie Fadle
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Evi Regitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Eva C. Schwarz
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM) School of Medicine Homburg Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Sophie Roth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology University of Saarland Homburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Pfuhl
- Institute of Virology University of Saarland Homburg Germany
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Institute of Human Genetics Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center Ulm Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology University of Saarland Homburg Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Sören L. Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Rainer Maria Bohle
- Institute of Pathology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center Ulm Germany
| | - Martin‐Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology Goethe University Hospital of Frankfurt a. Main Frankfurt a. Main Germany
| | - Michael Pfreundschuh
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Faculty of Life sciences Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM) School of Medicine Homburg Germany
| | - Boris Kubuschok
- Department of Internal Medicine II Augsburg University Medical Center Augsburg Germany
| | - Klaus Roemer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Klaus‐Dieter Preuss
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology Goethe University Hospital of Frankfurt a. Main Frankfurt a. Main Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
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Certad G. Is Cryptosporidium a hijacker able to drive cancer cell proliferation? Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00153. [PMID: 35498550 PMCID: PMC9044164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of Cryptosporidium infection are multifactorial and not completely understood. Some advances achieved recently revealed that the infection by Cryptosporidium parvum induces cytoskeleton remodeling and actin reorganization through the implication of several intracellular signals involving, for example, PI3K, Src, Cdc42 and GTPases. It has also been reported that the infection by C. parvum leads to the activation of NF-κβ, known to induce anti-apoptotic mechanisms and to transmit oncogenic signals to epithelial cells. Despite the growing evidence about the hijacking of cellular pathways, potentially being involved in cancer onset, this information has rarely been linked to the tumorigenic potential of the parasite. However, several evidences support an association between Cryptosporidium infection and the development of digestive neoplasia. To explore the dynamics of Cryptosporidium infection, an animal model of cryptosporidiosis using corticoid dexamethasone-treated adult SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice, orally infected with C. parvum or Cryptosporidium muris oocysts was implemented. C. parvum-infected animals developed digestive adenocarcinoma. When mechanisms involved in this neoplastic process were explored, the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway together with the alteration of the cytoskeleton was confirmed. Recently, a microarray assay allowed the detection of cancer-promoting genes and pathways highly up regulated in the group of C. parvum infected animals when compared to non-infected controls. Moreover, different human cases/control studies reported significant higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among patients with recently diagnosed colon cancer before any treatment when compared to the control group (patients without colon neoplasia but with persistent digestive symptoms). These results suggest that Cryptosporidium is a potential oncogenic agent involved in cancer development beyond the usual suspects. If Cryptosporidium is able to hijack signal transduction, then is very likely that this contributes to transformation of its host cell. More research in the field is required in order to identify mechanisms and molecular factors involved in this process and to develop effective treatment interventions.
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Fierti AO, Yakass MB, Okertchiri EA, Adadey SM, Quaye O. The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Modulating Key Tumor Suppressor Genes in Associated Malignancies: Epigenetics, Transcriptional, and Post-Translational Modifications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010127. [PMID: 35053275 PMCID: PMC8773690 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous and carried by approximately 90% of the world’s adult population. Several mechanisms and pathways have been proposed as to how EBV facilitates the pathogenesis and progression of malignancies, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancers, the majority of which have been linked to viral proteins that are expressed upon infection including latent membrane proteins (LMPs) and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens (EBNAs). EBV expresses microRNAs that facilitate the progression of some cancers. Mostly, EBV induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, degradation of tumor suppressor mRNA transcripts, post-translational modification, and inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which EBV modulates different tumor suppressors at the molecular and cellular levels in associated cancers. Briefly, EBV gene products upregulate DNA methylases to induce epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes via hypermethylation. MicroRNAs expressed by EBV are also involved in the direct targeting of tumor suppressor genes for degradation, and other EBV gene products directly bind to tumor suppressor proteins to inactivate them. All these processes result in downregulation and impaired function of tumor suppressors, ultimately promoting malignances.
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Satou A, Nakamura S. EBV-positive B-cell lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders: Review from the perspective of immune escape and immunodeficiency. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6777-6785. [PMID: 34387382 PMCID: PMC8495296 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is detected in a variety of B‐cell lymphomas (BCLs) and B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B‐LPDs). Immunodeficiency has been considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition, immune escape of tumor cells may also contribute to the development of EBV+ BCLs and B‐LPDs. The PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway is particularly important for immune escape of tumor cells that contribute to development of lymphoma through suppression of cytotoxic T‐cell function. We now consider PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) a very useful method for predicting whether tumor cells of lymphoid malignancies are characterized by the immune escape mechanism. Methods We reviewed articles of EBV+ BCLs and B‐LPDs from the perspective of immune escape and immunodeficiency, particularly focusing on PD‐L1 IHC. Results Based on PD‐L1 IHC, we consider that EBV+ BCL and B‐LPD can be classified into three types: “immunodeficiency”, “immune escape”, and “immunodeficiency + immune escape” type. The immunodeficiency type includes EBV+ diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) of the elderly, EBV+ sporadic Burkitt lymphoma, EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer, and methotrexate (MTX)‐associated B‐LPD. The immune escape type includes EBV+ classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and EBV+ DLBCL of the young. The immunodeficiency + immune escape type includes CHL type MTX‐associated LPD and a minor subset of EBV+ DLBCL of the elderly. Conclusions Recently, good results have been reported for immune check‐point inhibitors in treating lymphoma. Lymphomas and LPDs characterized by immune escape are regarded as good candidates for PD1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy. Therefore, from both the clinical and pathological perspective, we suggest that lymphoma diagnosis should be made considering immune escape and immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Satou
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Peprah S, Ogwang MD, Kerchan P, Reynolds SJ, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Masalu N, Kawira E, Otim I, Legason ID, Ayers LW, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Pfeiffer RM, Mbulaiteye SM. Inverse association of falciparum positivity with endemic Burkitt lymphoma is robust in analyses adjusting for pre-enrollment malaria in the EMBLEM case-control study. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:40. [PMID: 34099001 PMCID: PMC8186042 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falciparum and endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) are co-endemic in Africa, but the malaria experience in eBL patients is unknown. A lower prevalence of falciparum has been reported in eBL patients, but those results are anecdotally attributed to pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. METHODS We studied 677 eBL patients and 2920 community controls aged 0-15 years enrolled in six regions in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya during 2010-2016. Falciparum was diagnosed using thick blood film microscopy (TFM) and antigen-capture rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Guardians of the children answered a 40-item structured questionnaire about their child's pre-enrollment lifetime malaria history and treatment, demographics, socioeconomics, animal exposures, fevers, and hospitalizations. We utilized exploratory factor analysis to reduce the 40 questionnaire variables into six factors, including Inpatient malaria and Outpatient malaria factors that were surrogates of pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. The six factors accounted for 83-90% of the variance in the questionnaire data. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR 95% CI) of association of eBL with falciparum positivity, defined as positive both on TFM or RDTs, or only RDTs (indicative of recent infection) or TFM (indicative of current falciparum infection) versus no infection, using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for group of age (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11 and 12-15 years), sex, and study site and the afore-mentioned pre-enrollment factors. RESULTS The prevalence of falciparum infection was 25.6% in the eBL cases and 45.7% in community controls (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.47; P < 0.0001). The results were similar for recent falciparum infection (6.9% versus 13.5%, aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.50; P < 0.0001) and current falciparum infection (18.7% versus 32.1%, aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.51; P < 0.0001). These aORs for any, recent and current falciparum infection did not change when we adjusted for pre-enrollment factors (aORs = 0.46, =0.44, and = 0.51, respectively) were significantly lower in stratified analysis for any infection in children < 5 years (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.75) or ≥ 10 years (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.71). CONCLUSION Our study results reduce support for pre-enrollment antimalaria treatment as a sole explanation for the observed lower falciparum prevalence in eBL cases and open a space to consider alternative immunology-based hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Peprah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance N Tenge
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pamela A Were
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Walter N Wekesa
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health and Educational Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Kotepui KU, Kotepui M. Malaria Infection and Risk for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115886. [PMID: 34070881 PMCID: PMC8198990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Malaria infection is reportedly linked to endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) in malaria-endemic areas. This study aimed to pool the overall risk (or odds) of eBL among children with previous or concurrent malaria infection. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and reference lists of publications for potentially relevant studies on malaria infection and eBL. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute for case-control studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to summarize whether the odds of eBL can be increased by (1) malaria infection or (2) elevated titer of IgGs to malaria antigen. The level of heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q statistic and I2. The individual study data, pooled odds, and confidence interval (CI) were illustrated using the forest plot. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results: Ten studies were included, reporting the number of malaria cases in eBL and non-eBL (5 studied malaria infection and the odds of eBL; five studied the burden of IgGs to malarial antigens and the odds of eBL). According to the meta-analysis results, the odds of eBL was not increased by malaria infection (p = 0.562, OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.54–1.39, I2: 93.5%, malaria in eBL: 604/1506 cases, malaria in non-eBL: 2117/4549 cases) and the elevated titer of IgGs to malaria antigen (p = 0.051, OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.00–2.25, I2: 89%, increased IgG titer in eBL: 1059/1736 cases, increased IgG titer in non-eBL: 847/1722 cases). In meta-regression analysis, sex was not a confounding factor for the effect size of malaria infection and eBL (p = 0.10) and that of increased IgGs and eBL (p = 0.80). Conclusions: Malaria infection and IgG titer elevation did not increase the risk for eBL among children. However, the included studies, which are only few, do not generally agree on this point. Therefore, the risk for eBL in children diagnosed with malaria should be investigated further by longitudinal studies to confirm our evidence-based approach.
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Assessment of Mixed Plasmodium falciparum sera5 Infection in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: A Case-Control Study in Malawi. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071692. [PMID: 33918470 PMCID: PMC8038222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plasmodium falciparum(Pf) infection is a risk factor for endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), the commonest childhood cancer in Africa, but the biomarkers of Pf infection that predict this risk are unknown. There is some evidence that the genetic complexity of Pf infection may be a risk factor. In 200 children with versus 140 without eBL in Malawi, this study compared variants of the malaria parasite, focusing on Pfsera5, a gene that codes for malaria protein that an infected person’s antibodies target to suppress the parasite. Multiple Pfsera5 variants, which arise when the parasite is not suppressed, were found in 41.7% of eBL children versus 24.3% of other local children, meaning that eBL risk was increased 2.4-fold with multiple Pfsera5 variants. No specific type of variant was related to eBL risk. Research to quantify malaria parasite variants and to clarify the host immune response needed to control variant infections may yield a test to predict eBL risk. Abstract Background: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is the most common childhood cancer in Africa and is linked to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection, one of the most common and deadly childhood infections in Africa; however, the role of Pf genetic diversity is unclear. A potential role of Pf genetic diversity in eBL has been suggested by a correlation of age-specific patterns of eBL with the complexity of Pf infection in Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania, as well as a finding of significantly higher Pf genetic diversity, based on a sensitive molecular barcode assay, in eBL cases than matched controls in Malawi. We examined this hypothesis by measuring diversity in Pf-serine repeat antigen-5 (Pfsera5), an antigenic target of blood-stage immunity to malaria, among 200 eBL cases and 140 controls, all Pf polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive, in Malawi. Methods: We performed Pfsera5 PCR and sequencing (~3.3 kb over exons II–IV) to determine single or mixed PfSERA5 infection status. The patterns of Pfsera5 PCR positivity, mixed infection, sequence variants, and haplotypes among eBL cases, controls, and combined/pooled were analyzed using frequency tables. The association of mixed Pfsera5 infection with eBL was evaluated using logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, and previously measured Pf genetic diversity. Results: Pfsera5 PCR was positive in 108 eBL cases and 70 controls. Mixed PfSERA5 infection was detected in 41.7% of eBL cases versus 24.3% of controls; the odds ratio (OR) was 2.18, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.12–4.26, which remained significant in adjusted results (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 2.40, 95% CI of 1.11–5.17). A total of 29 nucleotide variations and 96 haplotypes were identified, but these were unrelated to eBL. Conclusions: Our results increase the evidence supporting the hypothesis that infection with mixed Pf infection is increased with eBL and suggest that measuring Pf genetic diversity may provide new insights into the role of Pf infection in eBL.
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16
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Wyss K, Granath F, Wångdahl A, Djärv T, Fored M, Naucler P, Färnert A. Malaria and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC Med 2020; 18:296. [PMID: 33121475 PMCID: PMC7596993 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is associated with Burkitt lymphoma among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. No longitudinal studies have assessed the long-term risk of other lymphoma or cancer overall. Here, we investigated the risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer after malaria. METHODS We included 4125 patients diagnosed with malaria in Sweden in 1987-2015, identified either through the National Surveillance Database at the Public Health Agency of Sweden, the National Inpatient and Outpatient Register, or by reports from microbiology departments. A comparator cohort (N = 66,997) matched on sex, age and birth region was retrieved from the general population and an additional cohort with all individuals born in Sub-Saharan Africa registered in the Total Population Register in 1987-2015 (N = 171,756). Incident lymphomas and other cancers were identified through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed using Cox regression with attained age as the timescale. RESULTS A total of 20 lymphoid neoplasms and 202 non-haematological cancers were identified among malaria patients during a mean follow-up of 13.3 and 13.7 years, respectively. The overall risk of lymphoid neoplasms was not significantly increased (hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-1.94), neither did we find any association with all-site non-haematological cancer (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77-1.02). However, in the Sub-Saharan Africa cohort, we observed an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms after malaria diagnosis (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.06-5.40), but no difference in the risk of other cancer (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.70-1.45). The association could not be explained by co-infection with HIV or chronic hepatitis B or C, since the risk estimate was largely unchanged after excluding patients with these comorbidities (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.08-6.42). The risk became more pronounced when restricting analyses to only including non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas (HR 3.49, 95% CI 1.42-8.56). CONCLUSION Individuals born in malaria-endemic areas and diagnosed with malaria in Sweden had an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms, especially B cell lymphoma. There was no association with cancer overall nor did single malaria episodes confer an increased risk in travellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wyss
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Granath
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Wångdahl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Therese Djärv
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Function of Emergency Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Fored
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Naucler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Redmond LS, Ogwang MD, Kerchan P, Reynolds SJ, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Masalu N, Kawira E, Otim I, Legason ID, Dhudha H, Ayers LW, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Mbulaiteye SM. Endemic Burkitt lymphoma: a complication of asymptomatic malaria in sub-Saharan Africa based on published literature and primary data from Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. Malar J 2020; 19:239. [PMID: 32718346 PMCID: PMC7385955 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with antigenic stimulation from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Whether eBL risk is related to malaria parasite density is unknown. To address this issue, children with eBL, asymptomatic and clinical malaria, as a surrogate of malaria parasite density, were assessed. METHODS Malaria-related laboratory results (parasite density, haemoglobin, platelet count, and white cell count [WBC]) count) were compiled for 4019 eBL cases and 80,532 subjects evaluated for asymptomatic malaria or clinical malaria (severe malaria anaemia, hyperparasitaemia, cerebral malaria, malaria prostration, moderate malaria, and mild malaria) in 21 representative studies published in Africa (mostly East Africa) and 850 eBL cases and 2878 controls with primary data from the Epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma in East African Children and Minors (EMBLEM) case-control study in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. The average values of malaria-related laboratory results were computed by condition and trends across single-year age groups were assessed using regression and spline models. RESULTS Overall, malaria infection or malaria was diagnosed in 37,089 of children compiled from the literature. Children with eBL and asymptomatic parasitaemia/antigenaemia, but not those with clinical malaria, were closest in their mean age (age 7.1-7.2 vs. 7.4-9.8 years), haemoglobin level (10.0-10.4 vs. 11.7-12.3 g/dL), malaria parasite density (2800 vs. 1827-7780 parasites/µL), platelet count (347,000-353,000 vs. 244,000-306,000 platelets/µL), and WBC count (8180-8890 vs. 7100-7410 cells/µL). Parasite density in these two groups peaked between four to five years, then decreased steadily thereafter; conversely, haemoglobin showed a corresponding increase with age. Children with clinical malaria were markedly different: all had an average age below 5 years, had dramatically elevated parasite density (13,905-869,000 parasites/µL) and dramatically decreased platelet count (< 159,000 platelets/µL) and haemoglobin (< 7 g/dL). CONCLUSIONS eBL and asymptomatic parasitaemia/antigenaemia, but not clinical malaria, were the most similar conditions with respect to mean age and malaria-related laboratory results. These results suggest that children with asymptomatic parasitaemia/antigenaemia may be the population at risk of eBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Redmond
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital Kuluva, Arua, Uganda
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance N Tenge
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pamela A Were
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health and Educational Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital Kuluva, Arua, Uganda
| | - Herry Dhudha
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health and Educational Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Shuai Y, Liu B, Zhou G, Rong L, Niu C, Jin L. Oral manifestations related to malaria: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1616-1620. [PMID: 32657518 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generalize the oral manifestations related to malaria and discuss their clinical significance for health professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bibliographic databases of Public MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were employed to retrieve publications online from January 1781 to August 2019. Original research articles, clinical trials, and case reports published in English were included. RESULTS A small number of studies reported oral manifestations of malaria (n = 29), including gingival bleeding, glossitis, oral ulcer, abnormal oral pigmentation, pericoronitis, herpes labialis, herpes gingivostomatitis, bitter taste, sore throat, Burkitt lymphoma of the jaw, alveolar bone resorption, and enamel hypoplasia. CONCLUSION Oral manifestations may be important indicators for identification of malaria. Dental and general professionals should pay more attention to oral manifestations in malaria cases, and guide them for specialized examination, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, 987th Hospital, PLA, Baoji, China
| | - Liang Rong
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunzi Niu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
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19
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Lucchesi A. Platelets beyond their count, as a key element of the innate immune system in the fight against malaria. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:648-649. [PMID: 32406549 PMCID: PMC7540259 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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20
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Olgen S, Kotra LP. Drug Repurposing in the Development of Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5410-5427. [PMID: 30009698 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713155702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into repositioning known drugs to treat cancer other than the originally intended disease continues to grow and develop, encouraged in part, by several recent success stories. Many of the studies in this article are geared towards repurposing generic drugs because additional clinical trials are relatively easy to perform and the drug safety profiles have previously been established. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of anticancer drug development strategies which is one of the important areas of drug restructuring. METHODS Repurposed drugs for cancer treatments are classified by their pharmacological effects. The successes and failures of important repurposed drugs as anticancer agents are evaluated in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Drugs could have many off-target effects, and can be intelligently repurposed if the off-target effects can be employed for therapeutic purposes. In cancer, due to the heterogeneity of the disease, often targets are quite diverse, hence a number of already known drugs that interfere with these targets could be deployed or repurposed with appropriate research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureyya Olgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lakshmi P Kotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada.,Center for Molecular Design and Preformulations, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
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21
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Afungchwi GM, Hesseling P, van Elsland SL, Kouya F, Kruger M. Destitution, treatment adherence and survival of children with Burkitt lymphoma in a twinning programme in Northwest Cameroon. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27946. [PMID: 31436364 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a curable childhood cancer. Treatment adherence is crucial for a good outcome, but is potentially problematic in low- and middle-income countries owing to parental financial constraints. AIMS To investigate the association of destitution with treatment adherence and its effect on the survival of patients with BL. METHODS Patients received free medical treatment from a twinning programme at two Cameroon Baptist hospitals. A destitution assessment questionnaire, based on socioeconomic status, was completed at diagnosis. Medical records were reviewed for treatment adherence and survival. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare groups. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to calculate overall survival, and log-rank chi-squared tests when comparing survival rates between patient subgroups. Significance was measured at P < .05. RESULTS The 225 children with BL had a mean age of 8.2 years (median 8.0) and the overall survival was 52%. The mean family destitution score was 56% on a linear scale. Few (8%) patients delayed treatment appointments. A quarter (25%) experienced more than a 1-week follow-up delay and 9.8% absconded within 1 year. The destitution score was not significantly associated with delay of treatment, but with delay in follow-up (P < .001). Guardian relationship (single mother) and patient's age were significantly associated with overall survival (P = .025). CONCLUSIONS Though linked to poor follow-up, destitution was not significantly associated with absconding patients, poor outcome or poor adherence to treatment, probably due to comprehensive financial support from the international twinning programme. However, additional support for single mothers should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Afungchwi
- Department of Paediatrics, Mbingo Baptist Hospital, Banso, Cameroon.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Hesseling
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabine L van Elsland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francine Kouya
- Department of Paediatrics, Mbingo Baptist Hospital, Banso, Cameroon
| | - Mariana Kruger
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Peprah S, Tenge C, Genga IO, Mumia M, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Sumba PO, Kinyera T, Otim I, Legason ID, Biddle J, Reynolds SJ, Talisuna AO, Biggar RJ, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Pfeiffer RM, Mbulaiteye SM. A Cross-Sectional Population Study of Geographic, Age-Specific, and Household Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Infection in Western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:54-65. [PMID: 30457091 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in Kenya is decreasing; however, it is still one of the top 10 causes of morbidity, particularly in regions of western Kenya. Between April 2015 and June 2016, we enrolled 965 apparently healthy children aged 0-15 years in former Nyanza and Western Provinces in Kenya to characterize the demographic, geographic, and household risk factors of asymptomatic malaria as part of an epidemiologic study to investigate the risk factors for endemic Burkitt lymphoma. The children were sampled using a stratified, multistage cluster sampling survey design. Malaria was assessed by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and thick-film microscopy (TFM). Primary analyses of Pf malaria prevalence (pfPR) are based on RDT. Associations between weighted pfPR and potential risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression, accounting for the survey design. Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence was 36.0% (27.5%, 44.5%) by RDT and 22.3% (16.0%, 28.6%) by TFM. Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence was positively associated with living in the lake-endemic area (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.63, 7.37), paternal occupation as peasant farmer (aOR 1.87; 1.08, 3.26) or manual laborer (aOR 1.83; 1.00, 3.37), and keeping dogs (aOR 1.62; 0.98-2.69) or cows (aOR 1.52; 0.96-2.40) inside or near the household. Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence was inversely associated with indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS) (aOR 0.44; 0.19, 1.01), having a household connected to electricity (aOR 0.47; 0.22, 0.98), and a household with two (aOR 0.45; 0.22, 0.93) or ≥ three rooms (aOR 0.41; 0.18, 0.93). We report high but geographically heterogeneous pfPR in children in western Kenya and significant associations with IRS and household-level socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Peprah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Isaiah O Genga
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Mediatrix Mumia
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pamela A Were
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joshua Biddle
- Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, University of Stanford, Pao Alto, California
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- National Institutes of Health/Uganda Project Entebbe, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ambrose O Talisuna
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Robert J Biggar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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23
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Chantada G, Lam CG, Howard SC. Optimizing outcomes for children with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in low‐ and middle‐income countries by early correct diagnosis, reducing toxic death and preventing abandonment. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:1125-1135. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine G. Lam
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TNUSA
| | - Scott C. Howard
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
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Nordor AV, Bellet D, Siwo GH. Cancer-malaria: hidden connections. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180127. [PMID: 30381365 PMCID: PMC6223206 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and malaria exemplify two maladies historically assigned to separated research spaces. Cancer, on the one hand, ranks among the top priorities in the research agenda of developed countries. Its rise is mostly explained by the ageing of these populations and linked to environment and lifestyle. Malaria, on the other hand, represents a major health burden for developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere. These two diseases also belong to separate fields of medicine: non-communicable diseases for cancer and communicable diseases for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akpéli V Nordor
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bellet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Hôpital René Huguenin, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Pôle Pathologie-Génétique-Immunologie-Hémobiologie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Geoffrey H Siwo
- IBM Research Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa .,Center for Research Computing, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, USA
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Beus M, Rajić Z, Maysinger D, Mlinarić Z, Antunović M, Marijanović I, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Held J, Olgen S, Zorc B. SAHAquines, Novel Hybrids Based on SAHA and Primaquine Motifs, as Potential Cytostatic and Antiplasmodial Agents. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:624-638. [PMID: 30151334 PMCID: PMC6104433 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of SAHAquines and related primaquine (PQ) derivatives. SAHAquines are novel hybrid compounds that combine moieties of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an anticancer agent with weak antiplasmodial activity, and PQ, an antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity. The preparation of SAHAquines is simple, cheap, and high yielding. It includes the following steps: coupling reaction between primaquine and a dicarboxylic acid monoester, hydrolysis, a new coupling reaction with O-protected hydroxylamine, and deprotection. SAHAquines 5 a-d showed significant reduction in cell viability. Among the three human cancer cell lines (U2OS, HepG2, and MCF-7), the most responsive were the MCF-7 cells. The antibodies against acetylated histone H3K9/H3K14 in MCF-7 cells revealed a significant enhancement following treatment with N-hydroxy-N'-{4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}pentanediamide (5 b). Ethyl (2E)-3-({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)prop-2-enoate (2 b) and SAHAquines were the most active compounds against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium parasites, some of them at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of our research suggest that SAHAquines are promising leads for new anticancer and antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University23655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences BuildingMontrealQuebecH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Maja Antunović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Inga Marijanović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenWilhelmstraße 2772074TübingenGermany
| | - Sureyya Olgen
- Faculty of PharmacyBiruni University10th street No: 4534010 TopkapiIstanbulTurkey
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
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Maziarz M, Nabalende H, Otim I, Legason ID, Kinyera T, Ogwang MD, Talisuna AO, Reynolds SJ, Kerchan P, Bhatia K, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ, Pfeiffer RM, Mbulaiteye SM. A cross-sectional study of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection burden and risk factors in general population children in 12 villages in northern Uganda. Malar J 2018; 17:240. [PMID: 29925378 PMCID: PMC6011516 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an important cause of morbidity in northern Uganda. This study was undertaken to assess village-, household-, and individual-level risk factors of asymptomatic falciparum malaria in children in 12 villages in northern Uganda. METHODS Between 10/2011 and 02/2014, 1006 apparently healthy children under 16 years old were enrolled in 12 villages using a stratified, multi-stage, cluster survey design and assessed for P. falciparum malaria infection using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and thick film microscopy (TFM), and structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Associations between weighted P. falciparum malaria prevalence (pfPR), based on RDT, and covariates were estimated as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (ORs, 95% CIs) using logistic models accounting for the survey design. RESULTS Among 942 (93.5%) children successfully tested, pfPR was 52.4% by RDT and 32.7% by TFM. Overall pfPR was lower in villages where indoor residual insecticide spray (IRS) was, versus not, implemented (18.4% versus 75.2%, P < 0.0001). However, pfPR was heterogeneous both within IRS (10.6-34.8%) and non-IRS villages (63.6-86.2%). Elevated pfPR was associated with having a sibling who was RDT positive (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.94-9.90, P = 0.0006) and reporting a fever at enrollment (aOR 4.80, 95% CI 1.94-11.9, P = 0.0094). Decreased pfPR was associated with living in an IRS village (adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.04-0.07, P < 0.0001), in a household with one (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.76) or more than one child below 5 years (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.12-0.44, Ptrend = 0.014), and reporting keeping a goat inside or near the house (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29-0.62, P = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS The results show high but heterogeneous pfPR in villages in northern Uganda, confirm significantly decreased pfPR associated with IRS implementation, and suggest significant associations with some household characteristics. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors influencing malaria heterogeneity in villages in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Maziarz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9706, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9704, USA
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala & St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala & St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala & St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala & St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala & St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Ambrose O Talisuna
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala & St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9706, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9704, USA
| | - Robert J Biggar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9706, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9704, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9706, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9704, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9706, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9704, USA
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9706, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9704, USA.
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Legason ID, Pfeiffer RM, Udquim KI, Bergen AW, Gouveia MH, Kirimunda S, Otim I, Karlins E, Kerchan P, Nabalende H, Bayanjargal A, Emmanuel B, Kagwa P, Talisuna AO, Bhatia K, Yeager M, Biggar RJ, Ayers LW, Reynolds SJ, Goedert JJ, Ogwang MD, Fraumeni JF, Prokunina-Olsson L, Mbulaiteye SM. Evaluating the Causal Link Between Malaria Infection and Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Northern Uganda: A Mendelian Randomization Study. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:58-65. [PMID: 29033373 PMCID: PMC5704046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection is suspected to cause endemic Burkitt Lymphoma (eBL), but the evidence remains unsettled. An inverse relationship between sickle cell trait (SCT) and eBL, which supports that between malaria and eBL, has been reported before, but in small studies with low power. We investigated this hypothesis in children in a population-based study in northern Uganda using Mendelian Randomization. Methods Malaria-related polymorphisms (SCT, IL10, IL1A, CD36, SEMA3C, and IFNAR1) were genotyped in 202 eBL cases and 624 controls enrolled during 2010–2015. We modeled associations between genotypes and eBL or malaria using logistic regression. Findings SCT was associated with decreased risk of eBL (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·37, 95% CI 0·21–0·66; p = 0·0003). Decreased risk of eBL was associated with IL10 rs1800896-CT (OR 0·73, 95% CI 0·50–1·07) and -CC genotypes (OR 0·53, 95% CI 0·29–0·95, ptrend = 0·019); IL1A rs2856838-AG (OR 0·56, 95% CI 0·39–0·81) and -AA genotype (OR 0·50, 95% CI 0·28–1·01, ptrend = 0·0016); and SEMA3C rs4461841-CT or -CC genotypes (OR 0·57, 95% CI 0·35–0·93, p = 0·0193). SCT and IL10 rs1800896, IL1A rs2856838, but not SEMA3C rs4461841, polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of malaria in the controls. Interpretation Our results support a causal effect of malaria infection on eBL. Mendelian randomization analysis was done to assess a causal relationship between malaria infection and endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Uganda Carriage of the sickle cell trait was associated with decreased risk of endemic Burkitt lymphoma Heterozygous or homozygous minor alleles of IL10 rs1800896, IL1A rs2856838, and SEMA3C rs4461841 were associated with decreased risk of endemic Burkitt lymphoma The inverse association between sickle cell trait and endemic Burkitt lymphoma supports a causal role of malaria in endemic Burkitt lymphoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Krizia-Ivana Udquim
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Instituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ariunaa Bayanjargal
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Emmanuel
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Emmanuel, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Paul Kagwa
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ambrose O Talisuna
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Robert J Biggar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, P.O. Box 180, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
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Malaria Epidemiology at the Clone Level. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:974-985. [PMID: 28966050 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genotyping to distinguish between parasite clones is nowadays a standard in many molecular epidemiological studies of malaria. It has become crucial in drug trials and to follow individual clones in epidemiological studies, and to understand how drug resistance emerges and spreads. Here, we review the applications of the increasingly available genotyping tools and whole-genome sequencing data, and argue for a better integration of population genetics findings into malaria-control strategies.
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Mawson AR, Majumdar S. Malaria, Epstein-Barr virus infection and the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1849-1855. [PMID: 28707393 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A geographical and causal connection has long been recognized between malaria, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Potential clues are that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum selectively absorbs vitamin A from the host and depends on it for its biological activities; secondly, alterations in vitamin A (retinoid) metabolism have been implicated in many forms of cancer, including BL. The first author has proposed that the merozoite-stage malaria parasite, emerging from the liver, uses its absorbed vitamin A as a cell membrane destabilizer to invade the red blood cells, causing anemia and other signs and symptoms of the disease as manifestations of an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A (Mawson AR, Path Global Health 2013;107(3):122-9). Repeated episodes of malaria would therefore be expected to expose the tissues of affected individuals to potentially toxic doses of vitamin A. It is proposed that such episodes activate latent EBV infection, which in turn activates retinoid-responsive genes. Expression of these genes enhances viral replication and induces germinal center (GC) B cell expansion, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression, and c-myc translocation, which in turn predisposes to BL. Thus, an endogenous form of retinoid toxicity related to malaria infection may be the common factor linking frequent malaria, EBV infection and BL, whereby prolonged exposure of lymphatic tissues to high concentrations of retinoids may combine to induce B-cell translocation and increase the risk of Burkitt's lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Mawson
- Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
| | - Suvankar Majumdar
- Chief, Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Hampejsková L, Bascaran C, Zondervan M. A tool for planning retinoblastoma services in sub-Saharan Africa. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27808454 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer care remains inadequate in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Children with cancer have 80% chance of surviving in high-income countries compared to 20% in LMICs. Retinoblastoma (RB), an aggressive eye cancer of childhood and top childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has a low survival rate, due to a delay in diagnosis and abandonment of treatment. The purpose of this study is to provide a tool for planning human resources required to manage RB in SSA. PROCEDURE Online tool was developed with 19 modifiable fields and 23 estimates. Routine data were used to populate modifiable fields: population, birthrate, infant mortality rate, and total fertility rate. Values were held constant: frequency, 1:17,000; familial cases, 8%; unilateral RB, 74%; extraocular disease, 70%; and survival postextraocular treatment, 10%. RESULTS One thousand twenty-three RB incident and familial cases are estimated each year across Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe: 75 familial, 700 unilateral, 717 extraocular disease, and 645 palliative. Nigeria represents 431 cases and Zimbabwe 33 cases. Over the eight countries, a total of 41,558 patient visits are estimated each year consisting of unilateral enucleation, follow-up visits, intensive treatment, and familial screening, with a total of 2,802 prosthetic eyes being required each year. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of data, estimates are essential for planning countrywide medical services. More attention is needed around planning for services from the Ministry level including emphasis on building multidisciplinary teams for diseases such as RB, including countrywide database and integrated clinical practice guidelines among all levels of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Hampejsková
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marcia Zondervan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Maziarz M, Kinyera T, Otim I, Kagwa P, Nabalende H, Legason ID, Ogwang MD, Kirimunda S, Emmanuel B, Reynolds SJ, Kerchan P, Joloba MM, Bergen AW, Bhatia K, Talisuna AO, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ, Pfeiffer RM, Mbulaiteye SM. Age and geographic patterns of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in a representative sample of children living in Burkitt lymphoma-endemic areas of northern Uganda. Malar J 2017; 16:124. [PMID: 28320389 PMCID: PMC5360076 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falciparum malaria is an important risk factor for African Burkitt lymphoma (BL), but few studies have evaluated malaria patterns in healthy BL-age children in populations where both diseases are endemic. To obtain accurate current data, patterns of asymptomatic malaria were investigated in northern Uganda, where BL is endemic. METHODS Between 2011 and 2015, 1150 apparently healthy children under 15 years old were sampled from 100 villages in northern Uganda using a stratified, multi-stage, cluster survey design. Falciparum malaria prevalence (pfPR) was assessed by questionnaire, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and thick film microscopy (TFM). Weighted pfPR and unadjusted and adjusted associations of prevalence with covariates were calculated using logistic models and survey methods. RESULTS Based on 1143 children successfully tested, weighted pfPR was 54.8% by RDT and 43.4% by TFM. RDT sensitivity and specificity were 97.5 and 77.8%, respectively, as compared to TFM, because RDT detect malaria antigens, which persist in peripheral blood after clinical malaria, thus results based on RDT are reported. Weighted pfPR increased from 40% in children aged under 2 years to 61.8% in children aged 6-8 years (odds ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-4.65), then fell slightly to 49% in those aged 12-15 years. Geometric mean parasite density was 1805.5 parasites/µL (95% CI 1344.6-2424.3) among TFM-positive participants, and it was higher in children aged <5 years at 5092.9/µL (95% CI 2892.7-8966.8) and lower in those aged ≥10 years at 983.8/µL (95% CI 472.7-2047.4; P = 0.001). Weighted pfPR was lower in children residing in sub-regions employing indoor residual spraying (IRS) than in those residing in non-IRS sub-regions (32.8 versus 65.7%; OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14, 0.46). However, pfPR varied both within IRS (3.2-55.3%) and non-IRS sub-regions (29.8-75.8%; Pheterogeneity <0.001). pfPR was inversely correlated with a child's mother's income (P = 0.011) and positively correlated with being enrolled in the wet season (P = 0.076), but sex was irrelevant. CONCLUSIONS The study observed high but geographically and demographically heterogenous patterns of asymptomatic malaria prevalence among children living in northern Uganda. These results provide important baseline data that will enable precise evaluation of associations between malaria and BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Maziarz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Paul Kagwa
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Ismail D. Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Martin D. Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere Medical School, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benjamin Emmanuel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- Kuluva Hospital, Kuluva, Arua, Uganda
| | - Moses M. Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere Medical School, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew W. Bergen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Robert J. Biggar
- Institute of Health and Biotechnical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James J. Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sam M. Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Chang HH, Worby CJ, Yeka A, Nankabirwa J, Kamya MR, Staedke SG, Dorsey G, Murphy M, Neafsey DE, Jeffreys AE, Hubbart C, Rockett KA, Amato R, Kwiatkowski DP, Buckee CO, Greenhouse B. THE REAL McCOIL: A method for the concurrent estimation of the complexity of infection and SNP allele frequency for malaria parasites. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005348. [PMID: 28125584 PMCID: PMC5300274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As many malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination of Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent human malaria parasite, effective tools for monitoring malaria epidemiology are urgent priorities. P. falciparum population genetic approaches offer promising tools for understanding transmission and spread of the disease, but a high prevalence of multi-clone or polygenomic infections can render estimation of even the most basic parameters, such as allele frequencies, challenging. A previous method, COIL, was developed to estimate complexity of infection (COI) from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, but relies on monogenomic infections to estimate allele frequencies or requires external allele frequency data which may not available. Estimates limited to monogenomic infections may not be representative, however, and when the average COI is high, they can be difficult or impossible to obtain. Therefore, we developed THE REAL McCOIL, Turning HEterozygous SNP data into Robust Estimates of ALelle frequency, via Markov chain Monte Carlo, and Complexity Of Infection using Likelihood, to incorporate polygenomic samples and simultaneously estimate allele frequency and COI. This approach was tested via simulations then applied to SNP data from cross-sectional surveys performed in three Ugandan sites with varying malaria transmission. We show that THE REAL McCOIL consistently outperforms COIL on simulated data, particularly when most infections are polygenomic. Using field data we show that, unlike with COIL, we can distinguish epidemiologically relevant differences in COI between and within these sites. Surprisingly, for example, we estimated high average COI in a peri-urban subregion with lower transmission intensity, suggesting that many of these cases were imported from surrounding regions with higher transmission intensity. THE REAL McCOIL therefore provides a robust tool for understanding the molecular epidemiology of malaria across transmission settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Han Chang
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Colin J. Worby
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Adoke Yeka
- Makerere University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joaniter Nankabirwa
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses R. Kamya
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah G. Staedke
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Maxwell Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Daniel E. Neafsey
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anna E. Jeffreys
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Hubbart
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk A. Rockett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Amato
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline O. Buckee
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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33
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van Tong H, Brindley PJ, Meyer CG, Velavan TP. Parasite Infection, Carcinogenesis and Human Malignancy. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:12-23. [PMID: 27956028 PMCID: PMC5233816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated with human carcinogenicity. Here we review current concepts of carcinogenicity and its associations with parasitic infections. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic while the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of Chagas disease, has a dual role in the development of cancer, including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Although malaria per se does not appear to be causative in carcinogenesis, it is strongly associated with the occurrence of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in areas holoendemic for malaria. The initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by the Epstein-Barr virus. Observations suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of parasitic infection-induced carcinogenicity. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic. Trypanosoma cruzi has a dual role in cancer development including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by EBV. Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas.
We searched MEDLINE database and PubMed for articles from 1970 through June 30, 2016. Search terms used in various combinations were “parasite infection”, “carcinogenesis”, “cancer”, “human malignancy”, “parasite and cancer”, “infection-associated cancer”, “parasite-associated cancer” “schistosomiasis”, “opisthorchiasis”, “malaria”, “Chagas disease”, and “strongyloidiasis”. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were selected based on their related topics and were reviewed. Abstracts and reports from meetings were also included. Articles published in English were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applied Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Focus GmbH, Potsdam, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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34
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O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Casabonne D, Carrilho C, Ferro J, Lorenzoni C, Zaqueu C, Nhabomba A, Aguilar R, Bassat Q, de Sanjosé S, Dobaño C, Kogevinas M. Incidence of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Three Regions of Mozambique. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:1459-1462. [PMID: 27799648 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the burden and incidence of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) across Mozambique are scarce. We retrospectively retrieved information on eBL cases from reports of the three main hospitals of Mozambique: Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), Beira Central Hospital (BCH), and Nampula Central Hospital (NCH) between 2004 and 2014. For 2015, we prospectively collected information of new eBL cases attending these hospitals. A total of 512 eBL cases were reported between 2004 and 2015: 153 eBL cases were reported in MCH, 195 in BCH, and 164 in NCH. Mean age of cases was 6.9 years (standard deviation = 2.8); 63% (319/504) of cases were males. For 2015, the estimated incidence rate of eBL was 2.0, 1.7, and 3.9 per 106 person-year at risk in MCH, BCH, and NCH, respectively. Incidence was higher in NCH (northern Mozambique), where intensity of malaria transmission is higher. Data presented show that eBL is a common pediatric malignancy in Mozambique, as observed in neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Central do Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Josefo Ferro
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Central da Beira, Beira, Mozambique.,Universidade Católica de Moçambique, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Central do Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.,Programa Nacional de Controle do Cancro, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Clesio Zaqueu
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Central do Nampula, Nampula, Mozambique.,Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Augusto Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia de Sanjosé
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Daniels RF, Rice BL, Daniels NM, Volkman SK, Hartl DL. The utility of genomic data for Plasmodium vivax population surveillance. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109:153-61. [PMID: 25892032 DOI: 10.1179/2047773215y.0000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms identified from genomic sequencing can be used to track changes in parasite populations through time. Such tracking is particularly informative when applying control strategies and evaluating their effectiveness. Using genomic approaches may also enable improved ability to categorise populations and to stratify them according to the likely effectiveness of intervention. Clinical applications of genomic approaches also allow relapses to be classified according to reinfection or recrudescence. These tools can be used not only to assess the effectiveness of malaria interventions but also to appraise the strategies for malaria elimination.
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36
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Eminger LA, Hall LD, Hesterman KS, Heymann WR. Epstein-Barr virus: dermatologic associations and implications: part II. Associated lymphoproliferative disorders and solid tumors. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:21-34; quiz 35-6. [PMID: 25497918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first human virus to be associated with oncogenesis. Over the past few decades, cumulative research has revealed that latent EBV infection may be implicated in the pathogenesis of a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders and malignancies occurring in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Many of these diseases have either primary or secondary cutaneous manifestations. Serologic studies and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization stains have been used to show the association of EBV with disease; while these findings may imply a role, they do not equate with causation. In part II of this continuing medical education review, the salient features of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders and solid tumors are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Warren R Heymann
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey; Perelman School of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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37
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Simbiri KO, Biddle J, Kinyera T, Were PA, Tenge C, Kawira E, Masalu N, Sumba PO, Lawler-Heavner J, Stefan CD, Buonaguro FM, Robinson D, Newton R, Harford J, Bhatia K, Mbulaiteye SM. Burkitt lymphoma research in East Africa: highlights from the 9(th) African organization for research and training in cancer conference held in Durban, South Africa in 2013. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:32. [PMID: 25686906 PMCID: PMC4163050 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-day workshop on Burkitt lymphoma (BL) was held at the 9(th) African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC) conference in 2013 in Durban, South Africa. The workshop featured 15 plenary talks by delegates representing 13 institutions that either fund or implement research on BL targeting AORTIC delegates primarily interested in pediatric oncology. The main outcomes of the meeting were improved sharing of knowledge and experience about ongoing epidemiologic BL research, BL treatment in different settings, the role of cancer registries in cancer research, and opportunities for African scientists to publish in scientific journals. The idea of forming a consortium of BL to improve coordination, information sharing, accelerate discovery, dissemination, and translation of knowledge and to build capacity, while reducing redundant efforts was discussed. Here, we summarize the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O Simbiri
- State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Biddle
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health Education and Development (SHED) Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Newton
- University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom/Medical Research Council/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Joe Harford
- National Institutes of Health/NCI/DCEG, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9704, Bethesda, MD 20892-9704, USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- National Institutes of Health/NCI/DCEG, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9704, Bethesda, MD 20892-9704, USA
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- National Institutes of Health/NCI/DCEG, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E118 MSC 9704, Bethesda, MD 20892-9704, USA
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38
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New clues to the molecular pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma revealed through next-generation sequencing. Curr Opin Hematol 2014; 21:326-32. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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