1
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von Morze C, Shaw A, Blazey T. Hyperpolarized 15N caffeine, a potential probe of liver function and perfusion. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:459-468. [PMID: 38469685 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate hyperpolarization of 15N-caffeine and report exploratory findings as a potential probe of liver function and perfusion. METHODS An amorphous formulation of [1,3-15N2]caffeine was developed for hyperpolarization via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Polarizer hardware was augmented to support monitoring of solid-state 15N MR signals during the buildup of hyperpolarization. Liquid state hyperpolarized 15N MR signals were obtained in a preclinical 3T magnet by interfacing an external spectrometer console with home-built RF surface coils. 15N signal decay constants were estimated in H2O and in vivo in liver and brain regions of rats at 3 T. Decays were also measured at 9.4 T to assess the effect of B0, and in the presence of albumin to assess the impact of protein binding. RESULTS Polarization levels of 3.5% and aqueous T1 relaxation times of nearly 200 s were attained for both N1 and N3 positions at 3 T. Shorter apparent decay constants were observed in vivo, ranging from 25 s to 43 s, with modest extensions possible by exploiting competitive binding of iophenoxate with plasma albumin. Downstream products of caffeine could not be detected on in vivo 15N-MR spectra of the liver region, even with metabolic stimulation byβ $$ \beta $$ -naphthoflavone treatment. Considering the high perfusion rate of brain, persistence of caffeine signal in this region is consistent with potential value as a perfusion imaging agent. CONCLUSION These results establish the feasibility of hyperpolarization of hyperpolarized 15N-caffeine, but further work is necessary to establish the role of this new agent to probe liver metabolism and perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Frijia F, Flori A, Giovannetti G, Barison A, Menichetti L, Santarelli MF, Positano V. MRI Application and Challenges of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate in Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Studies: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1035. [PMID: 38786333 PMCID: PMC11120300 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease shows, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging is a technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo. In this review, we introduce the main hyperpolarization techniques. Then, we summarize the use of dedicated radiofrequency 13C coils, and report a state of the art of 13C data acquisition. Finally, this review provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies on cardiac metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart. We furthermore show what advances have been made to translate this technique into the clinic in the near future and what technical challenges still remain, such as exploring other metabolic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frijia
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Giulio Giovannetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Andrea Barison
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Maria Filomena Santarelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
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3
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Theiss F, Lins J, Kergassner J, Wienands L, Döller S, Buntkowsky G. Two fields are better than one - A multifunctional (semi)automated setup for quantitative measurements of parahydrogen-induced signal enhancement at low and high fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 362:107673. [PMID: 38598990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) and its diverse array of applications highlights the critical need for enhanced signals in both 1H NMR and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, there is an increasing interest in utilizing benchtop NMR analysis across various laboratory settings. However, due to their lower magnetic fields, benchtop NMR spectrometers inherently produce weaker signal intensities. Here, PHIP is a well-established solution to this challenge. Consequently, we are expanding our cost-effective PHIP setup from a high-field NMR spectrometer (11.7 T) to include an additional benchtop NMR spectrometer (1.4 T), thereby enabling concurrent execution of PHIP experiments and measurements. Through the implementation of automated experimental protocols, we aim to minimize experiment time while increasing reproducibility. In this work, a non-isotope labelled propargyl alcohol sample is used at low concentrations to demonstrate our setup's capabilities. It could be shown that single-scan PASADENA experiments can be run with comparable signal enhancements at the benchtop as well as the high-field spectrometer. At 1.4 T, fully automated PHIP pseudo-2D measurements will also be demonstrated. Additionally, two different field profiles for the spin-order transfer of p-H2 to 13C at zero- to ultralow fields are elaborated upon. The setup facilitates the measurement of carbon signal enhancement of more than 2000 on the benchtop NMR spectrometer, employing a straightforward one-pulse, one-scan experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Kergassner
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sonja Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Babenko SV, Sviyazov SV, Burueva DB, Koptyug IV. Hyperpolarized long-lived spin state of methylene protons of 2-bromoethanol obtained from ethylene with non-equilibrium nuclear spin order. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 360:107648. [PMID: 38401476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work we achieve a significant overpopulation (PLLS≈1%) of the long-lived spin state (LLS) of methylene protons in 2-bromoethan(2H)ol (BrEtOD) obtained in a reaction between ethylene with non-equilibrium nuclear spin order and bromine water. Given all protons in ethylene are magnetically equivalent, its nuclear states are classified into nuclear spin isomers (NSIM) with total spin I = 2,1,0. Addition of parahydrogen to acetylene produces ethylene with a population of only those NSIMs with I = 1,0. As a result of the reaction with bromine water the non-equilibrium spin order of ethylene is partly transferred to the singlet LLS involving the two methylene groups of BrEtOD. The 1H NMR signal enhancement (SE≈200) obtained as a result of the LLS readout is approximately equal to the SE of the hyperpolarized BrEtOD obtained with a single π/4 pulse. The LLS relaxation time (TLLS) was shown to be approximately 40 s (≈8T1) in the argon-bubbled sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon V Babenko
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Sviyazov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dudari B Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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5
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Chen Z, Zimmerli NK, Zubair M, Yakimov AV, Björgvinsdóttir S, Alaniva N, Willinger E, Barnes AB, Bedford NM, Copéret C, Florian P, Abdala PM, Fedorov A, Müller CR. Nature of GaO x Shells Grown on Silica by Atomic Layer Deposition. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7475-7490. [PMID: 37780414 PMCID: PMC10536998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Gallia-based shells with a thickness varying from a submonolayer to ca. 2.5 nm were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using trimethylgallium, ozone, and partially dehydroxylated silica, followed by calcination at 500 °C. Insight into the atomic-scale structure of these shells was obtained by high-field 71Ga solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and the modeling of X-ray differential pair distribution function data, complemented by Ga K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and 29Si dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP SENS) studies. When applying one ALD cycle, the grown submonolayer contains mostly tetracoordinate Ga sites with Si atoms in the second coordination sphere ([4]Ga(Si)) and, according to 15N DNP SENS using pyridine as the probe molecule, both strong Lewis acid sites (LAS) and strong Brønsted acid sites (BAS), consistent with the formation of gallosilicate Ga-O-Si and Ga-μ2-OH-Si species. The shells obtained using five and ten ALD cycles display characteristics of amorphous gallia (GaOx), i.e., an increased relative fraction of pentacoordinate sites ([5]Ga(Ga)), the presence of mild LAS, and a decreased relative abundance of strong BAS. The prepared Ga1-, Ga5-, and Ga10-SiO2-500 materials catalyze the dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene, and their catalytic performance correlates with the relative abundance and strength of LAS and BAS, viz., Ga1-SiO2-500, a material with a higher relative fraction of strong LAS, is more active and stable compared to Ga5- and Ga10-SiO2-500. In contrast, related ALD-derived Al1-, Al5-, and Al10-SiO2-500 materials do not catalyze the dehydrogenation of isobutane and this correlates with the lack of strong LAS in these materials that instead feature abundant strong BAS formed via the atomic-scale mixing of Al sites with silica, leading to Al-μ2-OH-Si sites. Our results suggest that [4]Ga(Si) sites provide strong Lewis acidity and drive the dehydrogenation activity, while the appearance of [5]Ga(Ga) sites with mild Lewis activity is associated with catalyst deactivation through coking. Overall, the atomic-level insights into the structure of the GaOx-based materials prepared in this work provide a guide to design active Ga-based catalysts by a rational tailoring of Lewis and Brønsted acidity (nature, strength, and abundance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nora K. Zimmerli
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander V. Yakimov
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas Alaniva
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Willinger
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander B. Barnes
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M. Bedford
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Florian
- CNRS,
CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d’Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Paula M. Abdala
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Peters JP, Brahms A, Janicaud V, Anikeeva M, Peschke E, Ellermann F, Ferrari A, Hellmold D, Held-Feindt J, Kim NM, Meiser J, Aden K, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Nitrogen-15 dynamic nuclear polarization of nicotinamide derivatives in biocompatible solutions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3643. [PMID: 37611105 PMCID: PMC10446501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging by more than 10,000 times, enabling in vivo metabolic imaging to be performed noninvasively in real time. Here, we are developing a group of dDNP polarized tracers based on nicotinamide (NAM). We synthesized 1-15N-NAM and 1-15N nicotinic acid and hyperpolarized them with dDNP, reaching (13.0 ± 1.9)% 15N polarization. We found that the lifetime of hyperpolarized 1-15N-NAM is strongly field- and pH-dependent, with T1 being as long as 41 s at a pH of 12 and 1 T while as short as a few seconds at neutral pH and fields below 1 T. The remarkably short 1-15N lifetime at low magnetic fields and neutral pH drove us to establish a unique pH neutralization procedure. Using 15N dDNP and an inexpensive rodent imaging probe designed in-house, we acquired a 15N MRI of 1-15N-NAM (previously hyperpolarized for more than an hour) in less than 1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh P. Peters
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vivian Janicaud
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Anikeeva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Na-mi Kim
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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7
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange Induces Long-Lived 15N Hyperpolarization of Anticancer Drugs Anastrozole and Letrozole. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7822-7829. [PMID: 37163687 PMCID: PMC10939174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization modalities overcome the sensitivity limitations of NMR and unlock new applications. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a particularly cheap, quick, and robust hyperpolarization modality. Here, we employ SABRE for simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and nitrile-containing anticancer drugs (letrozole or anastrozole) to enhance 15N polarization. Distinct substrates require unique optimal parameter sets, including temperature, magnetic field, or a shaped magnetic field profile. The fine tuning of these parameters for individual substrates is demonstrated here to maximize 15N polarization. After optimization, including the usage of pulsed μT fields, the 15N nuclei on common anticancer drugs, letrozole and anastrozole, can be polarized within 1-2 min. The hyperpolarization can exceed 10%, corresponding to 15N signal enhancement of over 280,000-fold at a clinically relevant magnetic field of 1 T. This sensitivity gain enables polarization studies at naturally abundant 15N enrichment level (0.4%). Moreover, the nitrile 15N sites enable long-lasting polarization storage with [15N]T1 over 9 min, enabling signal detection from a single hyperpolarization cycle for over 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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8
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Finkelstein P, Reisenbauer JC, Botlik BB, Green O, Florin A, Morandi B. Nitrogen atom insertion into indenes to access isoquinolines. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2954-2959. [PMID: 36937579 PMCID: PMC10016357 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06952k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient protocol for a nitrogen atom insertion into indenes to afford isoquinolines. The reaction uses a combination of commercially available phenyliodine(iii) diacetate (PIDA) and ammonium carbamate as the nitrogen source to furnish a wide range of isoquinolines. Various substitution patterns and commonly used functional groups are well tolerated. The operational simplicity renders this protocol broadly applicable and has been successfully extended towards the direct interconversion of cyclopentadienes into the corresponding pyridines. Furthermore, this strategy enables the facile synthesis of 15N labelled isoquinolines, using 15NH4Cl as a commercial 15N source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Finkelstein
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Julia C Reisenbauer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bence B Botlik
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ori Green
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andri Florin
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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9
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Janasik D, Imielska P, Krawczyk T. Tuning the pH of Activation of Fluorinated Hydrazone-Based Switches─A Pathway to Versatile 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. ACS Sens 2023; 8:721-727. [PMID: 36695323 PMCID: PMC9972467 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches have become an area of great interest in recent years. They are explored as high-density data storage and organic diodes in molecular electronics as well as chemosensors due to their ability to undergo a transition between well-defined structures under the action of external stimuli. One of the types of such switches is hydrazones. They work by changing the configuration from E to Z under the influence of pH or light. The change in configuration is accompanied by a change in the absorption band and changes in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. In this publication, the structure-property relationship of fluorinated hydrazone switches was established. A linear relationship between the Hammett substituent constants and the pH where the switching occurs was found. Introduction of strong electron-donating groups allowed obtaining a hydrazone switch of pKa = 6 suitable for application in 19F MRI as contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Janasik
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Imielska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
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10
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Sun P, Wu Z, Lin L, Hu G, Zhang X, Wang J. MR-Nucleomics: The study of pathological cellular processes with multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4845. [PMID: 36259659 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Clinical medicine has experienced a rapid development in recent decades, during which therapies targeting specific cellular signaling pathways, or specific cell surface receptors, have been increasingly adopted. While these developments in clinical medicine call for improved precision in diagnosis and treatment monitoring, modern medical imaging methods are restricted mainly to anatomical imaging, lagging behind the requirements of precision medicine. Although positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have been used clinically for studies of metabolism, their applications have been limited by the exposure risk to ionizing radiation, the subsequent limitation in repeated and longitudinal studies, and the incapability in assessing downstream metabolism. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) are, in theory, capable of assessing molecular activities in vivo, although they are often limited by sensitivity. Here, we review some recent developments in MRS and MRSI of multiple nuclei that have potential as molecular imaging tools in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | - Geli Hu
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
| | | | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, China
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11
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Gamliel A, Shaul D, Gomori JM, Katz‐Brull R. Signal enhancement of hyperpolarized 15 N sites in solution-increase in solid-state polarization at 3.35 T and prolongation of relaxation in deuterated water mixtures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4787. [PMID: 35704397 PMCID: PMC9787933 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 15 N sites have been found to be promising for generating long-lived hyperpolarized states in solution, and present a promising approach for utilizing dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP)-driven hyperpolarized MRI for imaging in biology and medicine. Specifically, 15 N sites with directly bound protons were shown to be useful when dissolved in D2 O. The purpose of the current study was to further characterize and increase the visibility of such 15 N sites in solutions that mimic an intravenous injection during the first cardiac pass in terms of their H2 O:D2 O composition. The T1 values of hyperpolarized 15 N in [15 N2 ]urea and [15 N]NH4 Cl demonstrated similar dependences on the H2 O:D2 O composition of the solution, with a T1 of about 140 s in 100% D2 O, about twofold shortening in 90% and 80% D2 O, and about threefold shortening in 50% D2 O. [13 C]urea was found to be a useful solid-state 13 C marker for qualitative monitoring of the 15 N polarization process in a commercial pre-clinical dDNP device. Adding trace amounts of Gd3+ to the polarization formulation led to higher solid-state polarization of [13 C]urea and to higher polarization levels of [15 N2 ]urea in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
| | - David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
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12
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Park H, Eriksson S, Warren WS, Wang Q. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 15N- and 13C-labeled molecular probes as hyperpolarized nitric oxide sensors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116969. [PMID: 36029732 PMCID: PMC9648624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in a wide range of biological processes. Development of non-invasive, real-time detection of NO is greatly desired yet remains challenging. Here we report the design and development of novel 15N- and 13C-labeled NO-sensing probes for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance (HP-NMR) studies. These probes undergo selective and rapid reaction with NO to generate in situ AZO-products that can be monitored with distinguishable NMR signals as a read-out. This study also allows for a direct comparison of the 15N and 13C nuclei performances in hyperpolarized reaction-based probes. The simple and general SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization method works on the 15N- and 13C-NO-sensing probes. Measured long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) values, especially for 15N-NO probes, will allow for real-time reaction-based imaging of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shannon Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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13
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Park H, Wang Q. State-of-the-art accounts of hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7378-7391. [PMID: 35872812 PMCID: PMC9241963 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized isotope-labeled agents have significantly advanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (MRS/MRI) of physicochemical activities at molecular levels. An emerging advance in this area is exciting developments of 15N-labeled hyperpolarized MR agents to enable acquisition of highly valuable information that was previously inaccessible and expand the applications of MRS/MRI beyond commonly studied 13C nuclei. This review will present recent developments of these hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes, ranging from endogenous and drug molecules, and chemical sensors, to various 15N-tagged biomolecules. Through these examples, this review will provide insights into the target selection and probe design rationale and inherent challenges of HP imaging in hopes of facilitating future developments of 15N-based biomedical imaging agents and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
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14
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Glöggler S, Yang S, Saul P, Mamone S, Kaltschnee L. Bimodal fluorescence/magnetic resonance molecular probes with extended spin lifetimes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104158. [PMID: 34854145 PMCID: PMC9302690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bimodal molecular probes combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fluorescence have been widely studied in basic science, as well as clinical research. The investigation of spin phenomena holds promise to broaden the scope of available probes allowing deeper insights into physiological processes. Herein, a class of molecules with a bimodal character with respect to fluorescence and nuclear spin singlet states is introduced. Singlet states are NMR silent but can be probed indirectly. Symmetric, perdeuterated molecules, in which the singlet states can be populated by vanishingly small electron‐mediated couplings (below 1 Hz) are reported. The lifetimes of these states are an order of magnitude longer than the longitudinal relaxation times and up to four minutes at 7 T. Moreover, these molecules show either aggregation induced emission (AIE) or aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) with respect to their fluorescence. In the latter case, the existence of excited dimers, which are proposed to use in a switchable manner in combination with the quenching of nuclear spin singlet states, is observed
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Glöggler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | - Shengjun Yang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry: Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, NMR Signal Enhancement, GERMANY
| | - Philip Saul
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry: Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, NMR Singal Enhancement, GERMANY
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry: Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, NMR Signal Enhancement, GERMANY
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry: Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, NMR Signal Enhancement, GERMANY
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15
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Iali W, Moustafa GAI, Dagys L, Roy SS. 15 N hyperpolarisation of the antiprotozoal drug ornidazole by Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in aqueous medium. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1199-1207. [PMID: 33656772 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) offers a cost-effective route to boost nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal by several orders of magnitude by employing readily available para-hydrogen as a source of hyperpolarisation. Although 1 H spins have been the natural choice of SABRE hyperpolarisation since its inception due to its simplicity and accessibility, limited spin lifetimes of 1 H makes it harder to employ them in a range of time-dependent NMR experiments. Heteronuclear spins, for example, 13 C and 15 N, in general have much longer T1 lifetimes and thereby are found to be more suitable for hyperpolarised biological applications as demonstrated previously by para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP) and dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP). In this study we demonstrate a simple procedure to enhance 15 N signal of an antibiotic drug ornidazole by up to 71,000-folds with net 15 N polarisation reaching ~23%. Further, the effect of co-ligand strategy is studied in conjunction with the optimum field transfer protocols and consequently achieving 15 N hyperpolarised spin lifetime of >3 min at low field. Finally, we present a convenient route to harness the hyperpolarised solution in aqueous medium free from catalyst contamination leading to a strong 15 N signal detection for an extended duration of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Iali
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A I Moustafa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Soumya S Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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16
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Tang Y, Chen X, Zhang S, Smith ZJ, Gao T. Vibrational Fingerprint Analysis of an Azo-based Resonance Raman Scattering Probe for Imaging Proton Distribution in Cellular Lysosomes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15659-15666. [PMID: 34779624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fundamental mechanism of vibrational state transitions for chemical bonds, the spectra of Raman scattering are narrow-banded and photostable signals capable of probing specific reactions. In the case of protonation/deprotonation reactions, certain chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. Based on the changes of the vibrational modes for the corresponding bonds, fingerprint analysis of multiple Raman bands may allow for the in situ visualization of proton distribution in live cells. However, Raman scattering faces the well-known challenge of low sensitivity. To perform the vibrational fingerprint analysis of Raman scattering by overcoming this challenge, we developed an azo-based resonance Raman pH probe. It was an azobenzene-featured small molecule responsive to protons with the inherent Raman signal ∼104-fold more intense than that of the conventional alkyne-type Raman reporter 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Through the substitution of the electron-donating and -withdrawing entities to the azobenzene group, the effect of resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence quenching was obtained. This effect resulted in a significant Raman enhancement factor of ∼103 compared to the counterpart molecules without the molecular design. Based on the enhanced Raman sensitivity of the azo-based resonance Raman pH probe, the identification of vibrational fingerprint changes at the azo group was achieved during the protonation/deprotonation reactions, and the vibrational fingerprint analysis resolved a pH difference of less than 0.2 unit. The method enabled sensitive hyperspectral cell imaging that clearly visualized the change of proton distribution in autophagic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xuqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Tingjuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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17
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Bae J, Zhang G, Park H, Warren WS, Wang Q. 15N-Azides as practical and effective tags for developing long-lived hyperpolarized agents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14309-14315. [PMID: 34760217 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Azide moieties, unique linear species containing three nitrogen atoms, represent an attractive class of molecular tag for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI). Here we demonstrate (15N)3-azide-containing molecules exhibit long-lasting hyperpolarization lifetimes up to 9.8 min at 1 T with remarkably high polarization levels up to 11.6% in water, thus establishing (15N)3-azide as a powerful spin storage for hyperpolarization. A single (15N)-labeled azide has also been examined as an effective alternative tag with long-lived hyperpolarization. A variety of biologically important molecules are studied in this work, including choline, glucose, amino acid, and drug derivatives, demonstrating great potential of 15N-labeled azides as universal hyperpolarized tags for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA .,Department of Physics, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
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18
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Khan E. Pyridine Derivatives as Biologically Active Precursors; Organics and Selected Coordination Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir 32038 Bahrain
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19
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Savic LJ, Schobert IT, Hamm CA, Adam LC, Hyder F, Coman D. A high-throughput imaging platform to characterize extracellular pH in organotypic three-dimensional in vitro models of liver cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4465. [PMID: 33354836 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the extraordinary nature of tumor metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on oncologic treatment response, this study introduces a novel high-throughput extracellular pH (pHe ) mapping platform using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of liver cancer. pHe mapping was performed using biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts (BIRDS) on 9.4 T and 11.7 T MR scanners for validation purposes. 3D cultures of four liver cancer (HepG2, Huh7, SNU475, VX2) and one hepatocyte (THLE2) cell line were simultaneously analyzed (a) without treatment, (b) supplemented with 4.5 g/L d-glucose, and (c) treated with anti-glycolytic 3-bromopyruvate (6.25, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM). The MR results were correlated with immunohistochemistry (GLUT-1, LAMP-2) and luminescence-based viability assays. Statistics included the unpaired t-test and ANOVA test. High-throughput pHe imaging with BIRDS for in vitro 3D liver cancer models proved feasible. Compared with non-tumorous hepatocytes (pHe = 7.1 ± 0.1), acidic pHe was revealed in liver cancer (VX2, pHe = 6.7 ± 0.1; HuH7, pHe = 6.8 ± 0.1; HepG2, pHe = 6.9 ± 0.1; SNU475, pHe = 6.9 ± 0.1), in agreement with GLUT-1 upregulation. Glucose addition significantly further decreased pHe in hyperglycolytic cell lines (VX2, HepG2, and Huh7, by 0.28, 0.06, and 0.11, respectively, all p < 0.001), whereas 3-bromopyruvate normalized tumor pHe in a dose-dependent manner without affecting viability. In summary, this study introduces a non-invasive pHe imaging platform for high-yield screening using a translational 3D liver cancer model, which may help reveal and target mechanisms of therapy resistance and inform personalized treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Jeanette Savic
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Theresa Schobert
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlie Alexander Hamm
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lucas Christoph Adam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Svyatova A, Trofimov IA, Kabir MSH, Gelovani JG, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 15 N NMR Hyperpolarization of Radiosensitizing Antibiotic Nimorazole by Reversible Parahydrogen Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2406-2413. [PMID: 33063407 PMCID: PMC7855180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nimorazole belongs to the imidazole-based family of antibiotics to fight against anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, nimorazole is now in Phase 3 clinical trial in Europe for potential use as a hypoxia radiosensitizer for treatment of head and neck cancers. We envision the use of [15 N3 ]nimorazole as a theragnostic hypoxia contrast agent that can be potentially deployed in the next-generation MRI-LINAC systems. Herein, we report the first steps to create long-lasting (for tens of minutes) hyperpolarized state on three 15 N sites of [15 N3 ]nimorazole with T1 of up to ca. 6 minutes. The nuclear spin polarization was boosted by ca. 67000-fold at 1.4 T (corresponding to P15N of 3.2 %) by 15 N-15 N spin-relayed SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization technique, relying on simultaneous exchange of [15 N3 ]nimorazole and parahydrogen on polarization transfer Ir-IMes catalyst. The presented results pave the way to efficient spin-relayed SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization of a wide range of imidazole-based antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Shaul D, Azar A, Sapir G, Uppala S, Nardi-Schreiber A, Gamliel A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Correlation between lactate dehydrogenase/pyruvate dehydrogenase activities ratio and tissue pH in the perfused mouse heart: A potential noninvasive indicator of cardiac pH provided by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4444. [PMID: 33258527 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases account for more than 30% of all deaths worldwide and many could be ameliorated with early diagnosis. Current cardiac imaging modalities can assess blood flow, heart anatomy and mechanical function. However, for early diagnosis and improved treatment, further functional biomarkers are needed. One such functional biomarker could be the myocardium pH. Although tissue pH is already determinable via MR techniques, and has been since the early 1990s, it remains elusive to use practically. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility to evaluate cardiac pH noninvasively, using in-cell enzymatic rates of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate metabolism (ie, moles of product produced per unit time) determined directly in real time using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a perfused mouse heart model. As a gold standard for tissue pH we used 31 P spectroscopy and the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) signal. The nonhomogenous pH distribution of the perfused heart was analyzed using a multi-parametric analysis of this signal, thus taking into account the heterogeneous nature of this characteristic. As opposed to the signal ratio of hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate to [13 CO2 ], which has shown correlation to pH in other studies, we investigated here the ratio of two intracellular enzymatic rates: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), by way of determining the production rates of [1-13 C]lactate and [13 C]bicarbonate, respectively. The enzyme activities determined here are intracellular, while the pH determined using the Pi signal may contain an extracellular component, which could not be ruled out. Nevertheless, we report a strong correlation between the tissue pH and the LDH/PDH activities ratio. This work may pave the way for using the LDH/PDH activities ratio as an indicator of cardiac intracellular pH in vivo, in an MRI examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assad Azar
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivaranjan Uppala
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Hyperpolarized 15N-labeled, deuterated tris (2-pyridylmethyl)amine as an MRI sensor of freely available Zn 2. Commun Chem 2020; 3. [PMID: 34212118 PMCID: PMC8244538 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) coupled with 15N magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an opportunity to image quantitative levels of biologically important metal ions such as Zn2+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ using appropriately designed 15N enriched probes. For example, a Zn-specific probe could prove particularly valuable for imaging the tissue distribution of freely available Zn2+ ions, an important known metal ion biomarker in the pancreas, in prostate cancer, and in several neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we prepare the cell-permeable, 15N-enriched, d6-deuterated version of the well-known Zn2+ chelator, tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) and demonstrate that the polarized ligand had favorable T1 and linewidth characteristics for 15N MRI. Examples of how polarized TPA can be used to quantify freely available Zn2+ in homogenized human prostate tissue and intact cells are presented.
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23
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Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Svyatova A, Trofimov IA, Kabir MSH, Gelovani JG, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 15
N NMR Hyperpolarization of Radiosensitizing Antibiotic Nimorazole by Reversible Parahydrogen Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Ivan A. Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Mohammad S. H. Kabir
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) 14 Leninskiy Prospekt 119991 Moscow Russia
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24
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Bøgh N, Hansen ESS, Mariager CØ, Bertelsen LB, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Cardiac pH-Imaging With Hyperpolarized MRI. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:603674. [PMID: 33244471 PMCID: PMC7683793 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.603674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the importance of acid-base disturbances in cardiac disease, there are currently no methods for clinical detection of pH in the heart. Several magnetic resonance imaging techniques hold translational promise and may enable in-vivo mapping of pH. We provide a brief overview of these emerging techniques. A particular focus is on the promising advance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging with hyperpolarized 13C-subtrates as biomarkers of myocardial pH. Hyperpolarization allows quantification of key metabolic substrates and their metabolites. Hereby, pH-sensitive reactions can be probed to provide a measure of acid-base alterations. To date, the most used substrates are [1-13C]pyruvate and 13C-labeled bicarbonate; however, others have been suggested. In cardiovascular medicine, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to probe acid-base disturbances following pharmacological stress, ischemia and heart failure in animals. In addition to pH-estimation, the technique can quantify fluxes such as the pivotal conversion of pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase. This capability, a good safety profile and the fact that the technique is employable in clinical scanners have led to recent translation in early clinical trials. Thus, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging may provide clinical pH-imaging in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Wang Q, Parish C, Niedbalski P, Ratnakar J, Kovacs Z, Lumata L. Hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP complex as a chemical shift-based NMR sensor for pH at the physiological range. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 320:106837. [PMID: 33039915 PMCID: PMC7895333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium (III) complexes are interesting due to the similarity of their chemistry with gadolinium complexes that are used as contrast agents in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or imaging (MRI). While most of the paramagnetic Gd3+-based MRI contrast agents are T1 or T2 relaxation-based sensors such as Gd3+-complexes for zinc or pH detection, a number of diamagnetic Y3+-complexes rely on changes in the chemical shift for potential quantitative MRI in biological milieu. 89Y, however, is a challenging nucleus to work with in conventional NMR or MRI due to its inherently low sensitivity and relatively long T1 relaxation time. This insensitivity problem in 89Y-based complexes can be circumvented with the use of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) which allows for several thousand-fold enhancement of the NMR or MRI signal relative to thermal equilibrium signal. Herein, we report on the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 89Y-complexes with phosphonated open-chain ligands, 89Y-EDTMP and 89Y-DTPMP, as potential chemical shift-based pH NMR sensors. Our DNP-NMR data show that hyperpolarized 89Y-DTPMP has an apparent pKa ~ 7.01 with a 4 ppm-wide chemical shift dispersion with the signal disappearing at pH below 6.2. On the other hand, pH titration data on hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP show that it has an apparent pKa of pH 6.7 and a 16-ppm wide chemical shift dispersion at pH 5-9 range. In comparison, the previously reported hyperpolarized pH NMR sensor 89Y-DOTP has a pKa of 7.64 and ~ 10-ppm wide chemical shift dispersion at pH 4-9 range. Overall, our data suggest that hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP is better than hyperpolarized 89Y-DOTP in terms of pH sensing capability at the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 750390, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 750390, USA.
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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26
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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27
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Kreis F, Wright AJ, Somai V, Katz‐Brull R, Brindle KM. Increasing the sensitivity of hyperpolarized [ 15 N 2 ]urea detection by serial transfer of polarization to spin-coupled protons. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1844-1856. [PMID: 32153046 PMCID: PMC8629126 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized 15 N-labeled molecules have been proposed as imaging agents for investigating tissue perfusion and pH. However, the sensitivity of direct 15 N detection is limited by the isotope's low gyromagnetic ratio. Sensitivity can be increased by transferring 15 N hyperpolarization to spin-coupled protons provided that there is not significant polarization loss during transfer. However, complete polarization transfer would limit the temporal window for imaging to the order of the proton T1 (2-3 s). To exploit the long T1 offered by storing polarization in 15 N and the higher sensitivity of 1 H detection, we have developed a pulse sequence for partial polarization transfer. METHODS A polarization transfer pulse sequence was modified to allow partial polarization transfer, as is required for dynamic measurements, and that can be implemented with inhomogeneous B1 fields, as is often the case in vivo. The sequence was demonstrated with dynamic spectroscopy and imaging measurements with [15 N2 ]urea. RESULTS When compared to direct 15 N detection, the sequence increased the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 1.72 ± 0.25, where both experiments depleted ~20% of the hyperpolarization (>10-fold when 100% of the hyperpolarization is used). Simulations with measured cross relaxation rates showed that this sequence gave up to a 50-fold increase in urea proton polarization when compared to spontaneous polarization transfer via cross relaxation. CONCLUSION The sequence gave an SNR increase that was close to the theoretical limit and can give a significant SNR benefit when compared to direct 13 C detection of hyperpolarized [13 C]urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kreis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Vencel Somai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of RadiologyFaculty of MedicineHadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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28
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Fekete M, Ahwal F, Duckett SB. Remarkable Levels of 15N Polarization Delivered through SABRE into Unlabeled Pyridine, Pyrazine, or Metronidazole Enable Single Scan NMR Quantification at the mM Level. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4573-4580. [PMID: 32383603 PMCID: PMC7277555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While many drugs and metabolites contain nitrogen, harnessing their diagnostic 15N NMR signature for their characterization is underutilized because of inherent detection difficulties. Here, we demonstrate how precise ultralow field signal amplification by reversible exchange (±0.2 mG) in conjunction parahydrogen and an iridium precatalyst of the form IrCl(COD)(NHC) with the coligand d9-benzylamine allows the naturally abundant 15N NMR signatures of pyridine, pyrazine, metronidazole, and acetonitrile to be readily detected at 9.4 T in single NMR observations through >50% 15N polarization levels. These signals allow for rapid and precise reagent quantification via a response that varies linearly over the 2-70 mM concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Fekete
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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29
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Leite A, Cunha-Silva L, Silva D, Lobo Ferreira AIMC, Santos LMNBF, Cardoso ICS, Silva VLM, Rangel M, Silva AMG. Synthesis of Pyridyl and N-Methylpyridinium Analogues of Rosamines: Relevance of Solvent and Charge on Their Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:15073-15082. [PMID: 31379010 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyridyl analogues of rosamines was prepared by employing two methodologies: (i) the conventional-heating condensation of a pyridinecarboxaldehyde with 3-(diethylamino)phenol in propionic acid, and (ii) the novel ohmic-heating assisted condensation under "on water" conditions, followed by oxidation. The 4-pyridyl substituted rosamine was further converted into the N-methylpyridinium derivative through N-alkylation using methyl iodide. The influence of the position and cationization of the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl ring in the physicochemical properties of fluorophores was investigated by 1 H, 13 C, 15 N NMR spectral analysis, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (4-pyridyl and N-methylpyridinium derivatives) and thermal-behavior analysis. Curiously, for ethanolic solutions of 4-pyridyl and N-methylpyridinium derivatives an extinction of color and fluorescence over time was observed. This phenomenon was further studied and the data revealed that it is the result of nucleophilic addition of ethoxide ion to the central 9-position of the xanthene. The kinetics of the process is slower for the 4-pyridyl rosamine, which emphasizes the importance of the charge in the N-methylpyridinium analogue in the reactivity of the molecule towards a nucleophile agent. This phenomenon is reversible, meaning that the compounds can be rapidly recovered by decreasing the pH, opening new avenues in the sensing applications of this class of rosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Leite
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cunha-Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I M C Lobo Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQUP), Departamento de, Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M N B F Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQUP), Departamento de, Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês C S Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, QOPNA e LAQV/REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- Departamento de Química, QOPNA e LAQV/REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, 4099-003, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M G Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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30
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von Morze C, Merritt ME. Cancer in the crosshairs: targeting cancer metabolism with hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI technology. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3937. [PMID: 29870085 PMCID: PMC6281789 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR)-based hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C metabolic imaging is under active pursuit as a new clinical diagnostic method for cancer detection, grading, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Following the tremendous success of metabolic imaging by positron emission tomography, which already plays major roles in clinical oncology, the added value of HP 13 C MRI is emerging. Aberrant glycolysis and central carbon metabolism is a hallmark of many forms of cancer. The chemical transformations associated with these pathways produce metabolites ranging in general from three to six carbons, and are dependent on the redox state and energy charge of the tissue. The significant changes in chemistry associated with flux through these pathways imply that HP imaging can take advantage of the underlying chemical shift information encoded into an MR experiment to produce images of the injected substrate as well as its metabolites. However, imaging of HP metabolites poses unique constraints on pulse sequence design related to detection of X-nuclei, decay of the HP magnetization due to T1 , and the consumption of HP signal by the inspection pulses. Advancements in the field continue to depend critically on customization of MRI systems and pulse sequences for optimized detection of HP 13 C signals, focused largely on extracting the maximum amount of information during the short lifetime of the HP magnetization. From a clinical perspective, the success of HP 13 C MRI of cancer will largely depend upon the utility of HP pyruvate for the detection of lactate pools associated with the Warburg effect, though several other agents are also under investigation, with novel agents continually being formulated. In this review, the salient aspects of HP 13 C imaging will be highlighted, with an emphasis on both technological challenges and the biochemical aspects of HP experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Wang S, Korenchan DE, Perez PM, Taglang C, Hayes TR, Sriram R, Bok R, Hong AS, Wu Y, Li H, Wang Z, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. Amino Acid-Derived Sensors for Specific Zn 2+ Detection Using Hyperpolarized 13 C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:11842-11846. [PMID: 31338914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in Zn2+ concentration are seen in normal tissues and in disease states, and for this reason imaging of Zn2+ is an area of active investigation. Herein, enriched [1-13 C]cysteine and [1-13 C2 ]iminodiacetic acid were developed as Zn2+ -specific imaging probes using hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [1-13 C]cysteine was used to accurately quantify Zn2+ in complex biological mixtures. These sensors can be employed to detect Zn2+ via imaging mechanisms including changes in 13 C chemical shift, resonance linewidth, or T1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Paola M Perez
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Céline Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Thomas R Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Andrew S Hong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Yunkou Wu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Henry Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA, 94107, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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32
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Jagtap AP, Kaltschnee L, Glöggler S. Hyperpolarization of 15N-pyridinium and 15N-aniline derivatives by using parahydrogen: new opportunities to store nuclear spin polarization in aqueous media. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8577-8582. [PMID: 31803432 PMCID: PMC6839503 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02970b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce 15N quaternary pyridinium as moiety that can be NMR-signal-enhanced by several orders of magnitudes and allows for long-term storage of the so gained hyperpolarization in water.
Hyperpolarization techniques hold the promise to improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents by over 10 000-fold. Among these techniques, para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) allows for generating contrast agents within seconds. Typical hyperpolarized contrast agents are traceable for 2–3 minutes only, thus prolonging tracking-times holds great importance for the development of new ways to diagnose and monitor diseases. Here, we report on the design of perdeuterated 15N-containing molecules with longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of several minutes. T1 is a measure for how long hyperpolarization can be stored. In particular, we introduce two new hyperpolarizable families of compounds that we signal enhanced with para-hydrogen: tert-amine aniline derivatives and a quaternary pyridinium compound with 15N-T1 of about 8 minutes. Especially the latter compound has great potential for applicability since we achieved 15N-polarization up to 8% and the pyridinium motif is contained in a variety of drug molecules and is also used in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P Jagtap
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany . .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration , Von-Siebold-Str. 3a , 37075 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany . .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration , Von-Siebold-Str. 3a , 37075 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany . .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration , Von-Siebold-Str. 3a , 37075 Göttingen , Germany
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33
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Svyatova A, Skovpin IV, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Chekmenev EY, Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Koptyug IV. 15 N MRI of SLIC-SABRE Hyperpolarized 15 N-Labelled Pyridine and Nicotinamide. Chemistry 2019; 25:8465-8470. [PMID: 30950529 PMCID: PMC6679352 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized 15 N nuclei in biomolecules can potentially retain their spin alignment for tens of minutes, providing an extended time window for the utilization of the hyperpolarized compounds. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that radio-frequency-based SABRE hyperpolarization techniques can be used to obtain 15 N MRI of biomolecule 1-15 N-nicotinamide. Two image acquisition strategies were utilized and compared: Single Point Imaging (SPI) and Fast Low Angle SHot (FLASH). These methods demonstrated opportunities of high-field SABRE for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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34
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Parish C, Niedbalski P, Wang Q, Khashami F, Hayati Z, Liu M, Song L, Lumata L. Effects of glassing matrix deuteration on the relaxation properties of hyperpolarized 13C spins and free radical electrons at cryogenic temperatures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234307. [PMID: 31228902 PMCID: PMC6588520 DOI: 10.1063/1.5096036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glassing matrix deuteration could be a beneficial sample preparation method for 13C dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) when large electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) width free radicals are used. However, it could yield the opposite DNP effect when samples are doped with small EPR width free radicals. Herein, we have investigated the influence of solvent deuteration on the 13C nuclear and electron relaxation that go along with the effects on 13C DNP intensities at 3.35 T and 1.2 K. For 13C DNP samples doped with trityl OX063, the 13C DNP signals decreased significantly when the protons are replaced by deuterons in glycerol:water or DMSO:water solvents. Meanwhile, the corresponding solid-state 13C T1 relaxation times of trityl OX063-doped samples generally increased upon solvent deuteration. On the other hand, 13C DNP signals improved by a factor of ∼1.5 to 2 upon solvent deuteration of samples doped with 4-oxo-TEMPO. Despite this 13C DNP increase, there were no significant differences recorded in 13C T1 values of TEMPO-doped samples with nondeuterated or fully deuterated glassing matrices. While solvent deuteration appears to have a negligible effect on the electron T1 relaxation of both free radicals, the electron T2 relaxation times of these two free radicals generally increased upon solvent deuteration. These overall results suggest that while the solid-phase 13C DNP signals are dependent upon the changes in total nuclear Zeeman heat capacity, the 13C relaxation effects are related to 2H/1H nuclear spin diffusion-assisted 13C polarization leakage in addition to the dominant paramagnetic relaxation contribution of free radical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | | | - Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khashami
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | | | | | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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35
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Chen W, Sharma G, Jiang W, Maptue NR, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Metabolism of hyperpolarized 13 C-acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate detects real-time mitochondrial redox state and dysfunction in heart tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4091. [PMID: 30968985 PMCID: PMC6525062 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be an important component of many metabolic diseases yet there is no reliable imaging biomarker for monitoring mitochondrial damage in vivo. A large prior literature on inter-conversion of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate indicates that the process is mitochondrial and that the ratio reflects a specifically mitochondrial redox state. Therefore, the conversion of [1,3-13 C]acetoacetate to [1,3-13 C]β-hydroxybutyrate is expected to be sensitive to the abnormal redox state present in dysfunctional mitochondria. In this study, we examined the conversion of hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C-acetoacetate (AcAc) to 13 C-β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) as a potential imaging biomarker for mitochondrial redox and dysfunction in perfused rat hearts. Conversion of HP-AcAc to β-HB was investigated using 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts in four groups: control, global ischemic reperfusion, low-flow ischemic, and rotenone (mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor)-treated hearts. We observed that more β-HB was produced from AcAc in ischemic hearts and the hearts exposed to complex I inhibitor rotenone compared with controls, consistent with the accumulation of excess mitochondrial NADH. The increase in β-HB, as detected by 13 C MRS, was validated by a direct measure of tissue β-HB by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance in tissue extracts. The redox ratio, NAD+ /NADH, measured by enzyme assays of homogenized tissue, also paralleled production of β-HB from AcAc. Transmission electron microscopy of tissues provided direct evidence for abnormal mitochondrial structure in each ischemic tissue model. The results suggest that conversion of HP-AcAc to HP-β-HB detected by 13 C-MRS may serve as a useful diagnostic marker of mitochondrial redox and dysfunction in heart tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weina Jiang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Chalermchai Khemtong, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA. Phone: +1 (214) 645-2772;
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36
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Shchepin RV, Birchall JR, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Theis T, Warren WS, Gelovani JG, Goodson BM, Shokouhi S, Rosen MS, Yen YF, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. Hyperpolarizing Concentrated Metronidazole 15 NO 2 Group over Six Chemical Bonds with More than 15 % Polarization and a 20 Minute Lifetime. Chemistry 2019; 25:8829-8836. [PMID: 30964568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The NMR hyperpolarization of uniformly 15 N-labeled [15 N3 ]metronidazole is demonstrated by using SABRE-SHEATH. In this antibiotic, the 15 NO2 group is hyperpolarized through spin relays created by 15 N spins in [15 N3 ]metronidazole, and the polarization is transferred from parahydrogen-derived hydrides over six chemical bonds. In less than a minute of parahydrogen bubbling at approximately 0.4 μT, a high level of nuclear spin polarization (P15N ) of around 16 % is achieved on all three 15 N sites. This product of 15 N polarization and concentration of 15 N spins is around six-fold better than any previous value determined for 15 N SABRE-derived hyperpolarization. At 1.4 T, the hyperpolarized state persists for tens of minutes (relaxation time, T1 ≈10 min). A novel synthesis of uniformly 15 N-enriched metronidazole is reported with a yield of 15 %. This approach can potentially be used for synthesis of a wide variety of in vivo metabolic probes with potential uses ranging from hypoxia sensing to theranostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Sepideh Shokouhi
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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37
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Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB. Simulating Non-linear Chemical and Physical (CAP) Dynamics of Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Chemistry 2019; 25:7659-7668. [PMID: 30689237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins by using parahydrogen (pH2 ) is a fascinating technique that allows spin polarization and thus the magnetic resonance signal to be increased by several orders of magnitude. Entirely new applications have become available. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a relatively new method that is based on the reversible exchange of a substrate, catalyst and parahydrogen. SABRE is particularly interesting for in vivo medical and industrial applications, such as fast and low-cost trace analysis or continuous signal enhancement. Ever since its discovery, many attempts have been made to model and understand SABRE, with various degrees of simplifications. In this work, we reduced the simplifications further, taking into account non-linear chemical and physical (CAP) dynamics of several multi-spin systems. A master equation was derived and realized using the MOIN open-source software. The effects of different parameters (exchange rates, concentrations, spin-spin couplings) on relaxation and the polarization level have been evaluated and the results provide interesting insights into the mechanism of SABRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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38
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Niedbalski PJ, Willmering MM, Robertson SH, Freeman MS, Loew W, Giaquinto RO, Ireland C, Pratt RG, Dumoulin CL, Woods JC, Cleveland ZI. Mapping and correcting hyperpolarized magnetization decay with radial keyhole imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:367-376. [PMID: 30847967 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized (HP) media enable biomedical imaging applications that cannot be achieved with conventional MRI contrast agents. Unfortunately, quantifying HP images is challenging, because relaxation and radio-frequency pulsing generate spatially varying signal decay during acquisition. We demonstrate that, by combining center-out k-space sampling with postacquisition keyhole reconstruction, voxel-by-voxel maps of regional HP magnetization decay can be generated with no additional data collection. THEORY AND METHODS Digital phantom, HP 129 Xe phantom, and in vivo 129 Xe human (N = 4 healthy; N = 2 with cystic fibrosis) imaging was performed using radial sampling. Datasets were reconstructed using a postacquisition keyhole approach in which 2 temporally resolved images were created and used to generate maps of regional magnetization decay following a simple analytical model. RESULTS Mean, keyhole-derived decay terms showed excellent agreement with the decay used in simulations (R2 = 0.996) and with global attenuation terms in HP 129 Xe phantom imaging (R2 > 0.97). Mean regional decay from in vivo imaging agreed well with global decay values and displayed spatial heterogeneity that matched expected variations in flip angle and oxygen partial pressure. Moreover, these maps could be used to correct variable signal decay across the image volume. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that center-out trajectories combined with keyhole reconstruction can be used to map regional HP signal decay and to quantitatively correct images. This approach may be used to improve the accuracy of quantitative measures obtained from hyperpolarized media. Although validated with gaseous HP 129 Xe in this work, this technique can be generalized to any hyperpolarized agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew M Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott H Robertson
- Clinical Imaging Physics Group, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Freeman
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wolfgang Loew
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Randy O Giaquinto
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christopher Ireland
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ronald G Pratt
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles L Dumoulin
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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39
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Chukanov NV, Kidd BE, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. A versatile synthetic route to the preparation of 15 N heterocycles. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:892-902. [PMID: 30537260 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A robust medium-scale (approximately 3 g) synthetic method for 15 N labeling of pyridine (15 N-Py) is reported based on the Zincke reaction. 15 N enrichment in excess of 81% was achieved with approximately 33% yield. 15 N-Py serves as a standard substrate in a wide range of studies employing a hyperpolarization technique for efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen to heteronuclei; this technique, called SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange), employs a simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and a to-be-hyperpolarized substrate (e.g., pyridine) on metal centers. In studies aimed at the development of hyperpolarized contrast agents for in vivo molecular imaging, pyridine is often employed either as a model substrate (for hyperpolarization technique development, quality assurance, and phantom imaging studies) or as a co-substrate to facilitate more efficient hyperpolarization of a wide range of emerging contrast agents (e.g., nicotinamide). Here, the produced 15 N-Py was used for the feasibility study of spontaneous 15 N hyperpolarization at high magnetic (HF) fields (7 T and 9.4 T) of an NMR spectrometer and an MRI scanner. SABRE hyperpolarization enabled acquisition of 2D MRI imaging of catalyst-bound 15 N-pyridine with 75 × 75 mm2 field of view (FOV), 32 × 32 matrix size, demonstrating the feasibility of 15 N HF-SABRE molecular imaging with 2.4 × 2.4 mm2 spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Bryce E Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Surface Science Laboratory, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Surface Science Laboratory, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Ibio, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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40
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Kagawa A, Negoro M, Ohba R, Ichijo N, Takamine K, Nakamura Y, Murata T, Morita Y, Kitagawa M. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization using Photoexcited Triplet Electron Spins in Eutectic Mixtures. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9670-9675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Negoro
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ohba
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichijo
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kota Takamine
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yushi Nakamura
- Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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41
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Maptue N, Jiang W, Harrison C, Funk AM, Sharma G, Malloy CR, Sherry D, Khemtong C. Esterase-Catalyzed Production of Hyperpolarized 13C-Enriched Carbon Dioxide in Tissues for Measuring pH. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2232-2236. [PMID: 30398335 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
13C Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-enriched bicarbonate (H13CO3-) and carbon dioxide (13CO2) is a novel and sensitive technique for tissue pH mapping in vivo. Administration of the HP physiological buffer pair is attractive, but poor polarization and the short T1 of 13C-enriched inorganic bicarbonate salts are major drawbacks for this approach. Here, we report a new class of mixed anhydrides for esterase-catalyzed production of highly polarized 13CO2 and H13CO3- in tissue. A series of precursors with different alkoxy and acyl groups were synthesized and tested for chemical stability and T1. 13C-enriched ethyl acetyl carbonate (13C-EAC) was found to be the most suitable candidate due to the relatively long T1 and good chemical stability. Our results showed that 13C-EAC can be efficiently and rapidly polarized using BDPA. HP 13C-EAC was rapidly hydrolyzed by esterase to 13C-enriched monoacetyl carbonate (13C-MAC), which then decomposed to HP 13CO2. Equilibrium between the newly produced 13CO2 and H13CO3- was quickly established by carbonic anhydrase, producing a physiological buffer pair with 13C NMR signals that can be quantified for pH measurements. Finally, in vivo tissue pH measurements using HP 13C-EAC was successfully demonstrated in the liver of healthy rats. These results suggest that HP 13C-EAC is a novel imaging probe for in vivo pH measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig R. Malloy
- Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas 75216, United States
| | - Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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42
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Wong CM, Fekete M, Nelson-Forde R, Gatus MRD, Rayner PJ, Whitwood AC, Duckett SB, Messerle BA. Harnessing asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligands to optimise SABRE hyperpolarisation. Catal Sci Technol 2018; 8:4925-4933. [PMID: 30319759 PMCID: PMC6171487 DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic signal amplification by reversible exchange process has become widely used for the hyperpolarisation of small molecules to improve their magnetic resonance detectability. It harnesses the latent polarisation of parahydrogen, and involves the formation of a labile metal complex that often contains an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand (e.g. [Ir(H)2(NHC)(pyridine)3]Cl), which act as a polarisation transfer catalyst. Unfortunately, if the target molecule is too bulky, binding to the catalyst is poor and the hyperpolarisation yield is therefore low. We illustrate here the behaviour of a series of asymmetric NHC containing catalysts towards 3,4- and 3,5-lutidine in order to show how catalyst design can be used to dramatically improve the outcome of this catalytic process for sterically encumbered ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Min Wong
- School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , North Ryde 2109 , Australia .
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , York Science Park , University of York , Heslington , York YO10 5NY , UK .
| | - Rhianna Nelson-Forde
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , York Science Park , University of York , Heslington , York YO10 5NY , UK .
| | - Mark R D Gatus
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , North Ryde 2109 , Australia .
| | - Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , York Science Park , University of York , Heslington , York YO10 5NY , UK .
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , York Science Park , University of York , Heslington , York YO10 5NY , UK .
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance , York Science Park , University of York , Heslington , York YO10 5NY , UK .
| | - Barbara A Messerle
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , North Ryde 2109 , Australia .
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43
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Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz-Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11140-11162. [PMID: 29484795 PMCID: PMC6105405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most versatile and useful physical effects used for human imaging, chemical analysis, and the elucidation of molecular structures. However, its full potential is rarely used, because only a small fraction of the nuclear spin ensemble is polarized, that is, aligned with the applied static magnetic field. Hyperpolarization methods seek other means to increase the polarization and thus the MR signal. A unique source of pure spin order is the entangled singlet spin state of dihydrogen, parahydrogen (pH2 ), which is inherently stable and long-lived. When brought into contact with another molecule, this "spin order on demand" allows the MR signal to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of pH2 -based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. It is the goal of this Review to provide a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agents, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - C Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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44
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Magnetic resonance imaging of cancer metabolism with hyperpolarized 13C-labeled cell metabolites. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Hövener J, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz‐Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parawasserstoff‐basierte Hyperpolarisierung für die Biomedizin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straße 3A 37075 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institut für Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Leipziger Straße 44 39120 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetresonanz-Zentrum Max Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Sq. East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino via Nizza 52 Torino Italien
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105 Nashville TN 37027 USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90048 USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105 Nashville TN 37027 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russland
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
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46
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Shchepin RV, Jaigirdar L, Chekmenev EY. Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Hyperpolarized Metronidazole in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Micro-Tesla Fields. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:4984-4996. [PMID: 29955244 PMCID: PMC6017983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous reversible chemical exchange of parahydrogen and to-be-hyperpolarized substrate on metal centers enables spontaneous transfer of spin order from parahydrogen singlet to nuclear spins of the substrate. When performed at sub-micro-Tesla magnetic field, this technique of NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH). SABRE-SHEATH has been shown to hyperpolarize nitrogen-15 sites of a wide range of biologically interesting molecules to a high polarization level (P > 20%) in one minute. Here, we report on a systematic study of 1H, 13C and 15N spin-lattice relaxation (T1) of metronidazole-13C2-15N2 in SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization process. In micro-Tesla range, we find that all 1H, 13C and 15N spins studied share approximately the same T1 values (ca. 4 s at the conditions studied) due to mixing of their Zeeman levels, which is consistent with the model of relayed SABRE-SHEATH effect. These T1 values are significantly lower than those at higher magnetic (i.e. the Earth's magnetic field and above), which exceed 3 minutes in some cases. Moreover, these relatively short T1 values observed below 1 micro-Tesla limit the polarization build-up process of SABRE-SHEATH- thereby, limiting maximum attainable 15N polarization. The relatively short nature of T1 values observed below 1 micro-Tesla is primarily caused by intermolecular interactions with quadrupolar iridium centers or dihydride protons of the employed polarization transfer catalyst, whereas intramolecular spin-spin interactions with 14N quadrupolar centers have significantly smaller contribution. The presented experimental results and their analysis will be beneficial for more rational design of SABRE-SHEATH (i) polarization transfer catalyst, and (ii) hyperpolarized molecular probes in the context of biomedical imaging and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Lamya Jaigirdar
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Vanderbilt University, School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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47
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Bae J, Zhou Z, Theis T, Warren WS, Wang Q. 15N 4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines as potential molecular tags: Integrating bioorthogonal chemistry with hyperpolarization and unearthing para-N 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2978. [PMID: 29536045 PMCID: PMC5844705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (HP-MR) is a powerful, sensitive, and noninvasive approach to visualize molecular structure, function, and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Current applications of HP-MR mostly rely on hyperpolarization of target compounds in dedicated hyperpolarizers because biomolecules can typically not be hyperpolarized directly in vivo. The injected hyperpolarized probes often undergo multiple metabolic pathways in living systems, and it remains challenging to localize and identify specific targets with high chemical selectivity. To address these current limitations in HP-MR, we report a novel hyperpolarization tagging strategy that integrates bioorthogonal chemistry and hyperpolarization to achieve the specific hyperpolarization of targets. This strategy is demonstrated by studies of hyperpolarized 15N4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines, which undergo rapid and selective cycloaddition with cyclooctyne to provide hyperpolarized 15N2-containing cycloaddition products and hyperpolarized 15N2 gas. This work not only suggests great potential of 15N4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines as molecular tags in HP-MR imaging (HP-MRI) but also supports the production of hyperpolarized para-15N2 gas, a biologically and medically innocuous gas with great potential for HP-MRI. This bioorthogonal reaction-based hyperpolarization tagging strategy enables a new class of in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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48
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Hyperpolarized Amino Acid Derivatives as Multivalent Magnetic Resonance pH Sensor Molecules. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020600. [PMID: 29462891 PMCID: PMC5856118 DOI: 10.3390/s18020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
pH is a tightly regulated physiological parameter that is often altered in diseased states like cancer. The development of biosensors that can be used to non-invasively image pH with hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging has therefore recently gained tremendous interest. However, most of the known HP-sensors have only individually and not comprehensively been analyzed for their biocompatibility, their pH sensitivity under physiological conditions, and the effects of chemical derivatization on their logarithmic acid dissociation constant (pKa). Proteinogenic amino acids are biocompatible, can be hyperpolarized and have at least two pH sensitive moieties. However, they do not exhibit a pH sensitivity in the physiologically relevant pH range. Here, we developed a systematic approach to tailor the pKa of molecules using modifications of carbon chain length and derivatization rendering these molecules interesting for pH biosensing. Notably, we identified several derivatives such as [1-13C]serine amide and [1-13C]-2,3-diaminopropionic acid as novel pH sensors. They bear several spin-1/2 nuclei (13C, 15N, 31P) with high sensitivity up to 4.8 ppm/pH and we show that 13C spins can be hyperpolarized with dissolution dynamic polarization (DNP). Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms of chemical shift pH sensors that might help to design tailored probes for specific pH in vivo imaging applications.
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49
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Niedbalski P, Parish C, Wang Q, Hayati Z, Song L, Martins AF, Sherry AD, Lumata L. Transition Metal Doping Reveals Link between Electron T 1 Reduction and 13C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Efficiency. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9221-9228. [PMID: 29125294 PMCID: PMC5793213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimal efficiency of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is essential to provide the required high sensitivity enhancements for in vitro and in vivo hyperpolarized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI). At the nexus of the DNP process are the free electrons, which provide the high spin alignment that is transferred to the nuclear spins. Without changing DNP instrumental conditions, one way to improve 13C DNP efficiency is by adding trace amounts of paramagnetic additives such as lanthanide (e.g., Gd3+, Ho3+, Dy3+, Tb3+) complexes to the DNP sample, which has been observed to increase solid-state 13C DNP signals by 100-250%. Herein, we have investigated the effects of paramagnetic transition metal complex R-NOTA (R = Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+) doping on the efficiency of 13C DNP using trityl OX063 as the polarizing agent. Our DNP results at 3.35 T and 1.2 K show that doping the 13C sample with 3 mM Mn2+-NOTA led to a substantial improvement of the solid-state 13C DNP signal by a factor of nearly 3. However, the other transition metal complexes Cu2+-NOTA and Co2+-NOTA complexes, despite their paramagnetic nature, had essentially no impact on solid-state 13C DNP enhancement. W-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements reveal that the trityl OX063 electron T1 was significantly reduced in Mn2+-doped samples but not in Cu2+- and Co2+-doped DNP samples. This work demonstrates, for the first time, that not all paramagnetic additives are beneficial to DNP. In particular, our work provides a direct evidence that electron T1 reduction of the polarizing agent by a paramagnetic additive is an essential requirement for the improvement seen in solid-state 13C DNP signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Zahra Hayati
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - André F. Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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50
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Kovtunov KV, Kidd BE, Salnikov OG, Bales LB, Gemeinhardt ME, Gesiorski J, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Koptyug IV. Imaging of Biomolecular NMR Signals Amplified by Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen Inside an MRI Scanner. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:25994-25999. [PMID: 30701013 PMCID: PMC6349396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique employs exchange with singlet-state parahydrogen to efficiently generate high levels of nuclear spin polarization. Spontaneous SABRE has been shown previously to be efficient in the milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla regimes. We have recently demonstrated that high-field SABRE is also possible, where proton sites of molecules that are able to reversibly coordinate to a metal center can be hyperpolarized directly within high-field magnets, potentially offering the convenience of in situ hyperpolarization-based spectroscopy and imaging without sample shuttling. Here, we show efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen (para-H2) to the 15N atoms of imidazole-15N2 and nicotinamide-15N achieved via high-field SABRE (HF-SABRE). Spontaneous transfer of spin order from the para-H2 protons to 15N atoms at the high magnetic field of an MRI scanner allows one not only to record enhanced 15N NMR spectra of in situ hyperpolarized biomolecules, but also to perform imaging using conventional MRI sequences. 2D 15N MRI of high-field SABRE-hyperpolarized imidazole with spatial resolution of 0.3×0.3 mm2 at 9.4 T magnetic field and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ~99 was demonstrated. We show that 1H MRI of in situ HF-SABRE hyperpolarized biomolecules (e.g. imidazole-15N2) is also feasible. Taken together, these results show that heteronuclear (15N) and 1H spectroscopic detection and imaging of high-field-SABRE-hyperpolarized molecules are promising tools for a number of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Corresponding Author, ,
| | - Bryce E. Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- Corresponding Author, ,
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Liana B. Bales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Max E. Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Jonathan Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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