1
|
Stephens EKH, Guayco Sigcha J, Lopez-Loo K, Yang IA, Marshall HM, Fong KM. Biomarkers of lung cancer for screening and in never-smokers-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:2129-2145. [PMID: 38025810 PMCID: PMC10654441 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, partially attributed to late-stage diagnoses. In order to mitigate this, lung cancer screening (LCS) of high-risk patients is performed using low dose computed tomography (CT) scans, however this method is burdened by high false-positive rates and radiation exposure for patients. Further, screening programs focus on individuals with heavy smoking histories, and as such, never-smokers who may otherwise be at risk of lung cancer are often overlooked. To resolve these limitations, biomarkers have been posited as potential supplements or replacements to low-dose CT, and as such, a large body of research in this area has been produced. However, comparatively little information exists on their clinical efficacy and how this compares to current LCS strategies. Methods Here we conduct a search and narrative review of current literature surrounding biomarkers of lung cancer to supplement LCS, and biomarkers of lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS). Key Content and Findings Many potential biomarkers of lung cancer have been identified with varying levels of sensitivity, specificity, clinical efficacy, and supporting evidence. Of the markers identified, multi-target panels of circulating microRNAs, lipids, and metabolites are likely the most clinically efficacious markers to aid current screening programs, as these provide the highest sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer detection. However, circulating lipid and metabolite levels are known to vary in numerous systemic pathologies, highlighting the need for further validation in large cohort randomised studies. Conclusions Lung cancer biomarkers is a fast-expanding area of research and numerous biomarkers with potential clinical applications have been identified. However, in all cases the level of evidence supporting clinical efficacy is not yet at a level at which it can be translated to clinical practice. The priority now should be to validate existing candidate markers in appropriate clinical contexts and work to integrating these into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. H. Stephens
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jazmin Guayco Sigcha
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lopez-Loo
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henry M. Marshall
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kwun M. Fong
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shama A, Soni T, Jawanda IK, Upadhyay G, Sharma A, Prabha V. The Latest Developments in Using Proteomic Biomarkers from Urine and Serum for Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis. Biomark Insights 2023; 18:11772719231190218. [PMID: 37528936 PMCID: PMC10387783 DOI: 10.1177/11772719231190218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to diagnostic improvements, medical diagnostics is demanding non-invasive or minimally invasive methods. Non-invasively obtained body fluids (eg., Urine, serum) can replace cerebral fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and others for diagnostic reasons. Many illnesses are induced by perturbations of cellular signaling pathways and associated pathway networks as a result of genetic abnormalities. These disturbances are represented by a shift in the protein composition of the fluids surrounding the tissues and organs that is, tissue interstitial fluid (TIF). These variant proteins may serve as diagnostic "signatures" for a variety of disorders. This review provides a concise summary of urine and serum biomarkers that may be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of disorders, including cancer, brain diseases, kidney diseases, and other system diseases. The studies reviewed in this article suggest that serum and urine biomarkers of various illnesses may be therapeutically useful for future diagnostics. Correct illness management is crucial for disease prognosis, hence non-invasive serum and urine biomarkers have been extensively studied for diagnosis, subclassification, monitoring disease activity, and predicting treatment results and consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Shama
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thomson Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Garima Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heng Z, Zhao C, Gao Y. Comparison of urine proteomes from tumor-bearing mice with those from tumor-resected mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14737. [PMID: 36718454 PMCID: PMC9884041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to address on the most important concern of surgeons-whether to completely resect tumor. Urine can indicate early changes associated with physiological or pathophysiological processes. Based on these ideas, we conducted experiments to explore changes in the urine proteome between tumor-bearing mice and tumor-resected mice. Method The tumor-bearing mouse model was established with MC38 mouse colon cancer cells, and the mice were divided into the control group, tumor-resected group, and tumor-bearing group. Urine was collected 7 and 30 days after tumor resection. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify the urine proteome, which was analyzed for differentially expressed proteins and functional annotation. Results (1) Seven days after tumor resection, 20 differentially expressed proteins distinguished the tumor-resected group and the tumor-bearing group. The identified biological processes included circadian rhythm, Notch signaling pathway, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules. (2) Thirty days after tumor resection, 33 differentially expressed proteins distinguished the tumor-resected group and the tumor-bearing group. The identified biological processes included cell adhesion; complement activation, the alternative pathway; the immune system process; and angiogenesis. (3) The difference in the urine proteome between the tumor-resected group and the healthy control group was smaller 30 days after tumor resection. Conclusion Changes in the urinary proteome can reflect the complete resection of MC38 tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Heng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu L, Lei Y, Chen W, Zhou Q, Zheng Z, Zeng G, Liu W, Feng P, Zhang Z, Yu L, Chen L. In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies ZNF24 as a negative NF-κB modulator in lung cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:193. [PMID: 36457047 PMCID: PMC9717477 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic identification of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and elucidation of their signaling provide a new angle for understanding of tumorigenesis, which is important for developing successful treatment for lung cancer patients. In our current work, we conducted an in vivo screen for lung cancer TSGs through CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of genes at genome-wide scale. We found that ZNF24 was a potent and clinically relevant TSG of lung cancer. Ectopic expression of ZNF24 arrested lung cancer cells in S phase. Mechanistically, ZNF24 bound to promoter region of P65 to negatively regulate its transcription and thereby the signaling activity of NF-κB pathway. This signaling cascade is clinically relevant. Importantly, we found that combinational inhibition of KRAS, NF-κB, and PD-1 effectively shrank autochthonous KrasG12D/ZNF24-/- lung cancers in transgenic mouse model. Our current work thus revealed an important role played by loss of function of ZNF24 in lung tumorigenesis and shed new light in precision medicine for a portion of lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yuxi Lei
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Zongyao Zheng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Guandi Zeng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Wanting Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Pengju Feng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Lei Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Liang Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan X, Liu Y, Bao Y, Wei L, Gao Y. Changes in the urinary proteome before and after quadrivalent influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946791. [PMID: 36275736 PMCID: PMC9585259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome of urine samples from quadrivalent influenza vaccine cohort were analyzed with self-contrasted method. Significantly changed urine protein at 24 hours after vaccination was enriched in immune-related pathways, although each person’s specific pathways varied. We speculate that this may be because different people have different immunological backgrounds associated with influenza. Then, urine samples were collected from several uninfected SARS-CoV-2 young people before and after the first, second, and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The differential proteins compared between after the second dose (24h) and before the second dose were enriched in pathways involving in multicellular organismal process, regulated exocytosis and immune-related pathways, indicating no first exposure to antigen. Surprisingly, the pathways enriched by the differential urinary protein before and after the first dose were similar to those before and after the second dose. It is inferred that although the volunteers were not infected with SARS-CoV-2, they might have been exposed to other coimmunogenic coronaviruses. Two to four hours after the third vaccination, the differentially expressed protein were also enriched in multicellular organismal process, regulated exocytosis and immune-related pathways, indicating that the immune response has been triggered in a short time after vaccination. Multicellular organismal process and regulated exocytosis after vaccination may be a new indicator to evaluate the immune effect of vaccines. Urinary proteome is a terrific window to monitor the changes in human immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhen Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lilong Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Youhe Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noninvasive urinary protein signatures associated with colorectal cancer diagnosis and metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2757. [PMID: 35589723 PMCID: PMC9119985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, imaging, fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tests are not adequate for the early detection and evaluation of metastasis and recurrence in colorectal cancer (CRC). To comprehensively identify and validate more accurate noninvasive biomarkers in urine, we implement a staged discovery-verification-validation pipeline in 657 urine and 993 tissue samples from healthy controls and CRC patients with a distinct metastatic risk. The generated diagnostic signature combined with the FIT test reveals a significantly increased sensitivity (+21.2% in the training set, +43.7% in the validation set) compared to FIT alone. Moreover, the generated metastatic signature for risk stratification correctly predicts over 50% of CEA-negative metastatic patients. The tissue validation shows that elevated urinary protein biomarkers reflect their alterations in tissue. Here, we show promising urinary protein signatures and provide potential interventional targets to reliably detect CRC, although further multi-center external validation is needed to generalize the findings. More sensitive and specific non-invasive biomarkers are desired for early detection of cancer. Here, the authors show a protein signature in the urine that increases sensitivity for colorectal cancer detection when combined with fecal immunochemical tests and corrects diagnosis in some fecal immunochemical tests-negative patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lucarelli N, Yun D, Han D, Ginley B, Moon KC, Rosenberg A, Tomaszewski J, Han SS, Sarder P. Computational Integration of Renal Histology and Urinary Proteomics using Neural Networks. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 12039:120390U. [PMID: 37817878 PMCID: PMC10563119 DOI: 10.1117/12.2613500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Histological image data and molecular profiles provide context into renal condition. Often, a biopsy is drawn to diagnose or monitor a suspected kidney problem. However, molecular profiles can go beyond a pathologist's ability to see and diagnose. Using AI, we computationally incorporated urinary proteomic profiles with microstructural morphology from renal biopsy to investigate new and existing molecular links to image phenotypes. We studied whole slide images of periodic acid-Schiff stained renal biopsies from 56 DN patients matched with 2,038 proteins measured from each patient's urine. Using Seurat, we identified differentially expressed proteins in patients that developed end-stage renal disease within 2 years of biopsy. Glomeruli, globally sclerotic glomeruli, and tubules were segmented from WSI using our previously published HAIL pipeline. For each glomerulus, 315 handcrafted digital image features were measured, and for tubules, 207 features. We trained fully connected networks to predict urinary protein measurements that were differentially expressed between patients who did/ did not progress to ESRD within 2 years of biopsy. The input to this network was either glomerular or tubular histomorphological features in biopsy. Trained network weights were used as a proxy to rank which morphological features correlated most highly with specific urinary proteins. We identified significant image feature-protein pairs by ranking network weights by magnitude. We also looked at which features on average were most significant in predicting proteins. For both glomeruli and tubules, RGB color values and variance in PAS+ areas (specifically basement membrane for tubules) were, on average, more predictive of molecular profiles than other features. There is a strong connection between molecular profile and image phenotype, which can be elucidated through computational methods. These discovered links can provide insight to disease pathways, and discover new factors contributing to incidence and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lucarelli
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Donghwan Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Tomaszewski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Seung Seok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Camilli C, Hoeh AE, De Rossi G, Moss SE, Greenwood J. LRG1: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:6. [PMID: 35062948 PMCID: PMC8781713 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was first described as a key player in pathogenic ocular neovascularization almost a decade ago. Since then, an increasing number of publications have reported the involvement of LRG1 in multiple human conditions including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the LRG1 literature considering its role in health and disease. Although LRG1 is constitutively expressed by hepatocytes and neutrophils, Lrg1-/- mice show no overt phenotypic abnormality suggesting that LRG1 is essentially redundant in development and homeostasis. However, emerging data are challenging this view by suggesting a novel role for LRG1 in innate immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. While our understanding of beneficial LRG1 functions in physiology remains limited, a consistent body of evidence shows that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, LRG1 expression is induced and directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Its potential role as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple conditions is widely discussed while dissecting the mechanisms underlying LRG1 pathogenic functions. Emphasis is given to the role that LRG1 plays as a vasculopathic factor where it disrupts the cellular interactions normally required for the formation and maintenance of mature vessels, thereby indirectly contributing to the establishment of a highly hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, LRG1 has also been reported to affect other cell types (including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal and cancer cells) mostly by modulating the TGFβ signalling pathway in a context-dependent manner. Crucially, animal studies have shown that LRG1 inhibition, through gene deletion or a function-blocking antibody, is sufficient to attenuate disease progression. In view of this, and taking into consideration its role as an upstream modifier of TGFβ signalling, LRG1 is suggested as a potentially important therapeutic target. While further investigations are needed to fill gaps in our current understanding of LRG1 function, the studies reviewed here confirm LRG1 as a pleiotropic and pathogenic signalling molecule providing a strong rationale for its use in the clinic as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Hoeh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Cheng X, Jiang H, Gu J, Yin Y, Shen Z, Xu C, Pu Z, Li JB, Xu G. Quantitative proteomic analysis of glycosylated proteins enriched from urine samples with magnetic ConA nanoparticles identifies potential biomarkers for small cell lung cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114352. [PMID: 34509662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor with a very unfavorable survival rate. Early diagnosis and treatment can result in better prognosis for the SCLC patients but current diagnostic methods are either invasive or incapable for large-scale screen. Therefore, discovering biomarkers for early diagnosis of SCLC is of importance. In this work, we covalently coupled Concanavalin A (ConA) to functionalized magnetic nanoparticles to obtain magnetic ConA-nanoparticles (ConA-NPs) for the enrichment of glycosylated proteins. We then purified glycosylated proteins in 36 urine samples from 9 healthy controls, 9 SCLC patients, 9 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, and 9 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. The purified glycosylated proteins were digested and analyzed by LC-MS/MS for identification and quantification. Among the 398 identified proteins, 20, 15, and 1 glycosylated protein(s), respectively, were upregulated in the urine of SCLC, LUAD, and LUSC patients. Immunoblotting experiments further demonstrated that cathepsin C and transferrin were significantly upregulated in the ConA-NP purified urine of SCLC patients. This work suggests that glycosylated cathepsin C and transferrin might be able to serve as potential biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of SCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Medical School of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Medical School of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Honglv Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jingyu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Medical School of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Medical School of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhijia Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Medical School of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Changgang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhongjian Pu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, Jiangsu 226600, China
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cordeiro YG, Mulder LM, van Zeijl RJM, Paskoski LB, van Veelen P, de Ru A, Strefezzi RF, Heijs B, Fukumasu H. Proteomic Analysis Identifies FNDC1, A1BG, and Antigen Processing Proteins Associated with Tumor Heterogeneity and Malignancy in a Canine Model of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235901. [PMID: 34885011 PMCID: PMC8657005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into the underlying biological processes of breast cancer are needed for the development of improved markers and treatments. The complex nature of mammary cancer in dogs makes it a great model to study cancer biology since they present a high degree of tumor heterogeneity. In search of disease-state biomarkers candidates, we applied proteomic mass spectrometry imaging in order to simultaneously detect histopathological and molecular alterations whilst preserving morphological integrity, comparing peptide expression between intratumor populations in distinct levels of differentiation. Peptides assigned to FNDC1, A1BG, and double-matching keratins 18 and 19 presented a higher intensity in poorly differentiated regions. In contrast, we observed a lower intensity of peptides matching calnexin, PDIA3, and HSPA5 in poorly differentiated cells, which enriched for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and antigen processing, assembly, and loading of class I MHC. Over-representation of collagen metabolism, coagulation cascade, extracellular matrix components, cadherin-binding and cell adhesion pathways also distinguished cell populations. Finally, an independent validation showed FNDC1, A1BG, PDIA3, HSPA5, and calnexin as significant prognostic markers for human breast cancer patients. Thus, through a spatially correlated characterization of spontaneous carcinomas, we described key proteins which can be further validated as potential prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonara G. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (Y.G.C.); (L.B.P.); (R.F.S.)
| | - Leandra M. Mulder
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.M.); (R.J.M.v.Z.); (P.v.V.); (A.d.R.); (B.H.)
| | - René J. M. van Zeijl
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.M.); (R.J.M.v.Z.); (P.v.V.); (A.d.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Lindsay B. Paskoski
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (Y.G.C.); (L.B.P.); (R.F.S.)
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.M.); (R.J.M.v.Z.); (P.v.V.); (A.d.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Arnoud de Ru
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.M.); (R.J.M.v.Z.); (P.v.V.); (A.d.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Ricardo F. Strefezzi
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (Y.G.C.); (L.B.P.); (R.F.S.)
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.M.); (R.J.M.v.Z.); (P.v.V.); (A.d.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (Y.G.C.); (L.B.P.); (R.F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3565-6864
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei J, Gao Y. Early disease biomarkers can be found using animal models urine proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:363-378. [PMID: 34058951 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1937133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early disease detection is a prerequisite for early intervention. Urine is not subjected to homeostatic control, and therefore, it accumulates very early changes associated with disease processes, some of which may be used as biomarkers. Animal models must be used to identify urinary changes associated with very early stages of diseases to avoid potential interfering factors and obtain urine samples at a sufficiently early time point before pathological or clinical manifestations occur. AREAS COVERED We reviewed recent (from 2009-2020) urine proteome studies using animal models of many diseases. We focused on early changes in urine proteome of animal models, particularly changes occurring prior to alterations in blood tests, light microscopy observations and clinical manifestations. Additional studies relevant to the topic were also extracted from the references of the cited papers. Changes in the urine proteome at different disease stages and the ability of the urine proteome to differentiate among different animal models are also discussed in this review. EXPERT COMMENTARY Urine proteomes of animal models may reflect early changes that occur even before changes in blood parameters, light microscopy observations and clinical manifestations, suggesting the potential use of urinary biomarkers for the very early detection of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou Q, Chen W, Fan Z, Chen Z, Liang J, Zeng G, Liu L, Liu W, Yang T, Cao X, Yu B, Xu M, Chen YG, Chen L. Targeting hyperactive TGFBR2 for treating MYOCD deficient lung cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:6592-6606. [PMID: 33995678 PMCID: PMC8120205 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Clinical success of cancer therapy is severely limited by drug resistance, attributed in large part to the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Developing effective strategies to treat those tumors is challenging, but urgently needed in clinic. Experimental Design: MYOCD is a clinically relevant TSG in lung cancer patients. Our in vitro and in vivo data confirm its tumor suppressive function. Further analysis reveals that MYOCD potently inhibits stemness of lung cancer stem cells. Mechanistically, MYOCD localizes to TGFBR2 promoter region and thereby recruits PRMT5/MEP50 complex to epigenetically silence its transcription. Conclusions: NSCLC cells deficient of MYOCD are particularly sensitive to TGFBR kinase inhibitor (TGFBRi). TGFBRi and stemness inhibitor synergize with existing drugs to treat MYOCD deficient lung cancers. Our current work shows that loss of function of MYOCD creates Achilles' heels in lung cancer cells, which might be exploited in clinic.
Collapse
|
13
|
De Loma J, Gliga AR, Levi M, Ascui F, Gardon J, Tirado N, Broberg K. Arsenic Exposure and Cancer-Related Proteins in Urine of Indigenous Bolivian Women. Front Public Health 2020; 8:605123. [PMID: 33381488 PMCID: PMC7767847 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.605123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous people living in the Bolivian Andes are exposed through their drinking water to inorganic arsenic, a potent carcinogen. However, the health consequences of arsenic exposure in this region are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between arsenic exposure and changes in cancer-related proteins in indigenous women (n = 176) from communities around the Andean Lake Poopó, Bolivia. Arsenic exposure was assessed in whole blood (B-As) and urine (as the sum of arsenic metabolites, U-As) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cancer-related proteins (N = 92) were measured in urine using the proximity extension assay. The median B-As concentration was 2.1 (range 0.60-9.1) ng/g, and U-As concentration was 67 (12-399) μg/L. Using linear regression models adjusted for age, urinary osmolality, and urinary leukocytes, we identified associations between B-As and four putative cancer-related proteins: FASLG, SEZ6L, LYPD3, and TFPI2. Increasing B-As concentrations were associated with lower protein expression of SEZ6L, LYPD3, and TFPI2, and with higher expression of FASLG in urine (no association was statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons). The associations were similar across groups with different arsenic metabolism efficiency, a susceptibility factor for arsenic toxicity. In conclusion, arsenic exposure in this region was associated with changes in the expression of some cancer-related proteins in urine. Future research is warranted to understand if these proteins could serve as valid biomarkers for arsenic-related toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Loma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anda R Gliga
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franz Ascui
- Programa de Salud Familiar Comunitaria e Intercultural, Ministerio de Salud Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Noemi Tirado
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rocca MF, Zintgraff JC, Dattero ME, Santos LS, Ledesma M, Vay C, Prieto M, Benedetti E, Avaro M, Russo M, Nachtigall FM, Baumeister E. A combined approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs. J Virol Methods 2020; 286:113991. [PMID: 33045283 PMCID: PMC7546642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis. This work would encourage researchers to explore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS to assess the feasibility of this technology, as a rapid and reproducible screening tool for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. According to our preliminary results, mass spectrometry-based methods combined with multivariate analysis showed potential as a complementary diagnostic tool.
Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Rocca
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina.
| | - Jonathan Cristian Zintgraff
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina
| | - María Elena Dattero
- Servicio de Virosis respiratorias, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales del Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) -Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Silva Santos
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Martín Ledesma
- Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina; Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina; Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Prieto
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina
| | - Estefanía Benedetti
- Servicio de Virosis respiratorias, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales del Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) -Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Avaro
- Servicio de Virosis respiratorias, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales del Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) -Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara Russo
- Servicio de Virosis respiratorias, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales del Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) -Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elsa Baumeister
- Servicio de Virosis respiratorias, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales del Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) -Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Z, Fan Z, Dou X, Zhou Q, Zeng G, Liu L, Chen W, Lan R, Liu W, Ru G, Yu L, He QY, Chen L. Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene Clusterin leads to hyperactivation of TAK1-NF-κB signaling axis in lung cancer cells and denotes a therapeutic opportunity. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11520-11534. [PMID: 33052230 PMCID: PMC7545994 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Clinical success of precision medicine is severely limited by de novo or acquired drug resistance. It remains a clinically unmet need to treat these patients. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis and impact the therapeutic effect of various treatments. Experimental Design: Using clinical data, in vitro cell line data and in vivo mouse model data, we revealed the tumor suppressive role of Clusterin in lung cancer. We also delineated the signaling cascade elicited by loss of function of CLU in NSCLC cells and tested precision medicine for CLU deficient lung cancers. Results: CLU is a potent and clinically relevant TSG in lung cancer. Mechanistically, CLU inhibits TGFBR1 to recruit TRAF6/TAB2/TAK1 complex and thus inhibits activation of TAK1- NF-κB signaling axis. Lung cancer cells with loss of function of CLU show exquisite sensitivity to TAK1 inhibitors. Importantly, we show that a significant portion of Kras mutation positive NSCLC patients are concurrently deficient of CLU and that TAK1 kinase inhibitor synergizes with existing drugs to treat this portion of lung cancers patients. Conclusions: Combinational treatment with TAK1 inhibitor and MEK1/2 inhibitor effectively shrank Kras mutation positive and CLU deficient NSCLC tumors. Moreover, we put forward a concept that loss of function of a TSG rewires signaling network and thereby creates an Achilles' heel in tumor cells which could be exploited in precision medicine.
Collapse
|
16
|
Early urinary protein changes during tumor formation in a NuTu-19 tail vein injection rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11709. [PMID: 32678190 PMCID: PMC7367258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancer is essential for effective intervention. Urine has been used to reflect early changes in various tumor-bearing models. However, urine has not been used to predict whether tumors will form in animal models. In this study, a cancer model was established by tail vein injection of 2 million NuTu-19 tumor cells. Urine samples were randomly selected from tumor-forming and non-tumor-forming rats on day 0/12/27/39/52 and were analyzed by label-free and parallel reaction monitoring targeted proteomic quantitative analyses. In tumor-forming rats, differential proteins were associated with tumor cell migration, TGF-β signaling and the STAT3 pathway. A total of 9 urinary proteins showed significant changes in the early phase of lung tumor formation in all eight tumor-bearing rats. Differential proteins in non-tumor-forming rats were associated with glutathione biosynthesis, IL-12 signaling and vitamin metabolism. A total of 12 urinary proteins changed significantly in the early phase in all seven non-tumor-forming rats. Our small-scale pilot study indicated that (1) the urinary proteome reflects early changes during lung tumor formation and that (2) the urinary proteome can distinguish early tumor-forming rats from non-tumor-forming rats.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gasparri R, Sedda G, Noberini R, Bonaldi T, Spaggiari L. Clinical Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Diagnosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900138. [PMID: 32418314 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current knowledge on proteomic biomarker analysis for the early diagnosis of lung cancer is summarized, underlining the diversity among the results and the current interest in translating research results into clinical practice. A MEDLINE/PubMed literature search to retrieve all the papers published in the last 10 years is performed. Proteomics studies on lung cancer have gathered evidence on the potential role of biomarkers in early diagnosis. Although promising, none of them have proved to be sufficiently reliable to achieve validation. Future research should evolve toward a multipanel analysis of proteins, considering the possibility that individual biomarkers might not be specific enough to diagnose lung cancer, but could be related to oncological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gasparri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Giulia Sedda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, Milan, 7 - 20122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Luo R, Cheng Y, Liu T, Dai W, Li Y, Ge S, Xu G. Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 upregulation in plasma and kidney of patients with lupus nephritis. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:122. [PMID: 32252660 PMCID: PMC7137487 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) has been observed in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We aimed to explore the expression and role of LRG1 in lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS Plasma LRG1 (pLRG1) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 101 patients with renal biopsy-proven LN and 21 healthy controls (HC). Relationships between pLRG1 and clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. The expression of LRG1 in peripheral blood leukocytes and kidney was detected by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Further cell experiments were focused on the role of LRG1. RESULTS We found that LRG1 was expressed in plasma, some peripheral blood leukocytes, proximal tubule and several inflammatory cells. The levels of LRG1 in plasma, peripheral blood leukocytes and kidney were elevated in LN patients as compared to HC. Plasma expression levels of LRG1 correlated positively with renal function and renal disease activity, and reflect specific pathologic lesions in the kidneys of patients with LN. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, not tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon γ induced the LRG1 expression in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. Moreover, stimulation of recombinant human LRG1 could inhibit late apoptosis, promote proliferation and regulate expression of inflammatory factors and cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Plasma expression levels of LRG1 were associated with renal function, disease activity, and pathology in LN. It might also be involved in renal inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells. LRG1 might be a potential prognosis novel predictor in LN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichun Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khnouf R, Han C. Isotachophoresis-Enhanced Immunoassays: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.2966028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
20
|
Liang J, Lu F, Li B, Liu L, Zeng G, Zhou Q, Chen L. IRF8 induces senescence of lung cancer cells to exert its tumor suppressive function. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3300-3312. [PMID: 31594449 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1674053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, tumor suppressor genes remain to be systemically determined for lung cancer. Here we report interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, as a potent lung tumor suppressor gene. Expression of IRF8 is frequently diminished in lung tumoral tissues and is associated with prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Ectopic expression of IRF8 suppresses the NSCLC cells proliferation in vitro and tumorigenic potential in vivo. More importantly, forced expression of IRF8 through infection of recombinant virus inhibits lung tumorigenesis in genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Mechanistically, IRF8 inhibits AKT signaling and promotes accumulation of P27 protein, which results in senescence of lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of IRF8 in tumor cells leads to regression of lung cancer tumor nodules in a xenograft tumor model. Our data, therefore, solidly shows IRF8 to be a lung cancer suppressor gene and may denote an opportunity for therapeutic intervention of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Liang
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guandi Zeng
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye X, Zhang N, Jin Y, Xu B, Guo C, Wang X, Su Y, Yang Q, Song J, Yu W, Cheng P, Cheng L, Gong Y, Fu X, Sun H. Dramatically changed immune-related molecules as early diagnostic biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer. FEBS J 2019; 287:783-799. [PMID: 31482685 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer, with a low 5-year survival rate because of the absence of effective clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis. Based on the immunosurveillance theory, we proposed that changes in the immune system are more pronounced than tumour-associated antigens during the early stage of cancer. Therefore, a new strategy was designed to screen early diagnostic biomarkers from peripheral leukocytes in early-stage NSCLCs with transcriptome sequencing. A total of 358 immune-related differentially expressed genes were identified between early-NSCLC patients and healthy individuals. Orosomucoid-1 (ORM1, a acute phase protein), the total ORM and chitotriosidase-1 (involved in degradation of chitobiose) were selected for further verification in 210 serum samples by western blotting, ELISA and nephelometry immunoassay (based on immuno-scatter turbidmetry). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis show that ORM1 and total ORM have excellent diagnostic efficacies, with area under the curve of 0.862 and 0.920, respectively, which significantly distinguished very early-NSCLC (IA) from healthy samples. Flow cytometry results showed that CD15+ neutrophils made up 73% of ORM1+ peripheral leukocytes. In mouse lung cancer model, serum ORM1, but not liver ORM1, changed significantly in the early stage of NSCLC. ORM1 expression in peripheral leukocytes was regulated by TGF-β and mediated by the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. Our results indicated that combined ORM and TGF-β could be a promising clinical biomarker in the diagnosis of early NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Chanyuan Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yanting Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan University Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Department of Thoracic-Cardiovascular Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei J, Meng W, Gao Y. Urine proteome changes in rats subcutaneously inoculated with approximately ten tumor cells. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7717. [PMID: 31576248 PMCID: PMC6753921 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers are changes associated with the disease. Urine is not subject to homeostatic control and therefore accumulates very early changes, making it an ideal biomarker source. Usually, we have performed urinary biomarker studies involving at least thousands of tumor cells. However, no tumor starts from a thousand tumor cells. We therefore examined urine proteome changes in rats subcutaneously inoculated with approximately ten tumor cells. Methods Here, we serially diluted Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells to a concentration of 102/mL and subcutaneously inoculated 0.1 mL of these cells into nine rats. The urine proteomes on days 0, 13 and 21 were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the urine proteome of each sample at three time points were clustered into three clusters, indicating the good consistency of these nine rats when inoculated with the same limited tumor cells. Differential proteins on days 13 and 21 were mainly associated with cell adhesion, autophagic cell death, changes in extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. All of these enriched functional processes were reported to contribute to tumor progression and could not be enriched through random allocation analysis. Conclusions Our results indicated that (1) the urine proteome reflects changes associated with cancer even with only approximately ten tumor cells in the body and that (2) the urine proteome reflects pathophysiological changes in the body with extremely high sensitivity and provides potential for a very early screening process of clinical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fukamachi K, Hagiwara Y, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Tsuda H, Suzui M. Evaluation of a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreas cancer using an animal model. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:135-141. [PMID: 31404387 PMCID: PMC6682554 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been taken to identify new biomarkers of pancreatic ductal
carcinoma (PDC). Since animal models can be sampled under controlled conditions, better
standardization is possible compared with heterogeneous human studies. Transgenic rats
with conditional activation of oncogenic RAS in pancreatic tissue develop PDC that closely
resembles the biological and histopathological features of human PDC. Using this model, we
evaluated the usefulness of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) as a serum marker. In
this study, we found that LRG-1 was overexpressed in rat PDC compared with normal pancreas
tissue of the control rats. Serum levels of LRG-1 were also significantly higher in rats
bearing PDC than in controls. Importantly, chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori
rats, which is a widely accepted as a model of chronic pancreatitis, did not cause serum
levels of LRG-1 to become elevated. These results strongly support serum LRG-1 as a
candidate biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of PDC. Our models of pancreas cancer
provide a useful strategy for evaluation of candidate markers applicable to human
cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hagiwara
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohamed EI, Mohamed MA, Abdel-Mageed SM, Abdel-Mohdy TS, Badawi MI, Darwish SH. Volatile organic compounds of biofluids for detecting lung cancer by an electronic nose based on artificial neural network. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:67. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2018.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
25
|
Srivastava A, Creek DJ. Discovery and Validation of Clinical Biomarkers of Cancer: A Review Combining Metabolomics and Proteomics. Proteomics 2018; 19:e1700448. [PMID: 30353665 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis of cancer can allow timely medical intervention, which greatly improves chances of survival and enhances quality of life. Biomarkers play an important role in assisting clinicians and health care providers in cancer diagnosis and treatment follow-up. In spite of years of research and the discovery of thousands of candidate cancer biomarkers, only a few have transitioned to routine usage in the clinic. This review highlights advances in proteomics technologies that have enabled high rates of discovery of candidate cancer biomarkers and evaluates integration with other omics technologies to improve their progress through to validation and clinical translation. Furthermore, it gauges the role of metabolomics technology in cancer biomarker research and assesses it as a complementary tool in aiding cancer biomarker discovery and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Srivastava
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Darren John Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
田 笑, 张 毅. [Research Progress of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Early Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2018; 21:560-564. [PMID: 30037378 PMCID: PMC6058664 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.07.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for LC remains low at 18% and is 5% for patients with metastatic disease, while the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with stage I NSCLC can reach 77.9%, hence early diagnosis and treatment of LC is the key to improve the prognosis. As a non-invasive detection technique, Raman spectroscopy can realize the non-destructive detection of the differences in molecular level structure between cancerous tissues and normal tissues, which can be used for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the progress of Raman spectroscopycombined with different tissue or body fluid samplesin the diagnosis of early LC.
.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 笑如 田
- />100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - 毅 张
- />100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miller EA, Jabbour Al Maalouf Y, Sikes HD. Design Principles for Enhancing Sensitivity in Paper-Based Diagnostics via Large-Volume Processing. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9472-9479. [PMID: 29924932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we characterize the impact of large-volume processing upon the analytical sensitivity of flow-through paper-based immunoassays. Larger sample volumes feature greater molar quantities of available analyte, but the assay design principles which would enable the rapid collection of this dilute target are ill-defined. We developed a finite-element model to explore the operating conditions under which processing large sample volumes via pressure-driven convective flow would yield an improved binding signal. Our simulation results underscore the importance of establishing a high local concentration of the analyte-binding species within the porous substrate. This elevated abundance serves to enhance the binding kinetics, matching the time scale of target capture to the period during which the sample is in contact with the test zone (i.e., the effective residence time). These findings were experimentally validated using the rcSso7d-cellulose-binding domain (CBD) fusion construct, a bifunctional binding protein which adsorbs to cellulose in high abundance. As predicted by our modeling efforts, the local concentration achieved using the rcSso7d-CBD species is uniquely enabling for sensitivity enhancement through large-volume processing. The rapid analyte depletion which occurs at this high surface density also permits the processing of large sample volumes within practical time scales and flow regimes. Using these findings, we present guidance for the optimal means of processing large sample volumes for enhanced assay sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Yara Jabbour Al Maalouf
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pre-Analytical Handling Conditions and Small RNA Recovery from Urine for miRNA Profiling. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:565-571. [PMID: 29936254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no standardized protocols for pre-analytical handling of urine to best preserve small RNA for miRNA profiling studies. miRNA is an attractive candidate as a potential biomarker because of the high level of stability in body fluids and its ability to be quantified on multiple high-throughput platforms. We present a comparison of small RNA recovery and stability in urine under alternate pre-analytical handling conditions and extend recommendations on what conditions optimize yield of miRNA from cell-free urine and urine extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using an affinity slurry for isolation of small RNA from urine, we found that urine samples held at room temperature (20°C) for up to 8 hours before processing yield the highest amounts of intact small RNAs from EVs. Some miRNA is lost from urine samples when held 2°C to 4°C and/or frozen before EV isolation, likely because of EV entrapment in uromodulin precipitates. However, we found that a simple 5-minute incubation of urine containing cold-induced precipitate at 37°C resolubilizes much of this precipitate and results in an increased recovery of EVs and miRNAs. Finally, small RNA integrity can be compromised when whole urine is held at 37°C for as little as 4 hours and is not conducive to efficient miRNA profiling.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang W, Wang S, Zhang M. Identification of urine biomarkers associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38517-38529. [PMID: 28404947 PMCID: PMC5503550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) progression is accompanied by changes in protein levels that may be reflected in body fluids, such as urine. Urine collected from LAC patients (n=34) and healthy controls (n=36) was analyzed via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with weak cationic exchange magnetic beads. The results revealed 76 urinary polypeptides significantly different between LAC patients and normal controls (P<0.05). Twenty-two of these peptides were up-regulated and 54 were down-regulated. Thirteen peptides had average peak intensities >600. Twelve of these 13 peptides were successfully identified using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Receiver operating characteristic analyses identified seven peptides with superior LAC diagnostic performances. Immunohistochemical staining in 20 paired LAC and adjacent normal tissues showed that IGKC, AAT, SH3BGRL3, osteopontin and gelsolin levels were higher in LAC tissues than in adjacent tissuesand were closely associated with LAC. Urinary peptides assessments may thus provide a novel, noninvasive, repeatable method for detecting and monitoring LAC. New, low-cost detection methods and bioinformatics tools are therefore urgently needed for the analysis of low abundance proteins and peptides in body fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang C, Leng W, Sun C, Lu T, Chen Z, Men X, Wang Y, Wang G, Zhen B, Qin J. Urine Proteome Profiling Predicts Lung Cancer from Control Cases and Other Tumors. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:120-128. [PMID: 29576497 PMCID: PMC5952250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of noninvasive, reliable biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis has many clinical benefits knowing that most of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at the late stage. For this purpose, we conducted proteomic analyses of 231 human urine samples in healthy individuals (n = 33), benign pulmonary diseases (n = 40), lung cancer (n = 33), bladder cancer (n = 17), cervical cancer (n = 25), colorectal cancer (n = 22), esophageal cancer (n = 14), and gastric cancer (n = 47) patients collected from multiple medical centers. By random forest modeling, we nominated a list of urine proteins that could separate lung cancers from other cases. With a feature selection algorithm, we selected a panel of five urinary biomarkers (FTL: Ferritin light chain; MAPK1IP1L: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Interacting Protein 1 Like; FGB: Fibrinogen Beta Chain; RAB33B: RAB33B, Member RAS Oncogene Family; RAB15: RAB15, Member RAS Oncogene Family) and established a combinatorial model that can correctly classify the majority of lung cancer cases both in the training set (n = 46) and the test sets (n = 14–47 per set) with an AUC ranging from 0.8747 to 0.9853. A combination of five urinary biomarkers not only discriminates lung cancer patients from control groups but also differentiates lung cancer from other common tumors. The biomarker panel and the predictive model, when validated by more samples in a multi-center setting, may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool along with imaging technology for lung cancer detection. A case-control study of biomarker discovery for lung cancer diagnosis was conducted. Human urine profiles in control cases and cancers were characterized. A list of candidate biomarkers was nominated and evaluated. A panel of urinary biomarkers was established and tumor-specificity was evaluated.
Cancer diagnosis with a noninvasive method at the early stage of the disease is highly desirable. Here, we analyzed hundreds of human urine samples from healthy individuals, patients with benign pulmonary diseases, and 6 types of cancers by proteomics and developed a panel of five urinary proteins that can separate the lung cancer from benign pulmonary diseases as well as the other 5 cancers (bladder, cervical, colorectal, esophageal and gastric) with a good sensitivity and disease specificity. Further validation experiments with expanded sample numbers are required to investigate whether this method can be applied in a clinical setting for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenchuan Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhengang Chen
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Xuebo Men
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China; Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China.
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin, Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China; Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li S, Jiang Q, Liu S, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Song C, Wang J, Zou Y, Anderson GJ, Han JY, Chang Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Zhou G, Nie G, Yan H, Ding B, Zhao Y. A DNA nanorobot functions as a cancer therapeutic in response to a molecular trigger in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:258-264. [PMID: 29431737 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale robots have potential as intelligent drug delivery systems that respond to molecular triggers. Using DNA origami we constructed an autonomous DNA robot programmed to transport payloads and present them specifically in tumors. Our nanorobot is functionalized on the outside with a DNA aptamer that binds nucleolin, a protein specifically expressed on tumor-associated endothelial cells, and the blood coagulation protease thrombin within its inner cavity. The nucleolin-targeting aptamer serves both as a targeting domain and as a molecular trigger for the mechanical opening of the DNA nanorobot. The thrombin inside is thus exposed and activates coagulation at the tumor site. Using tumor-bearing mouse models, we demonstrate that intravenously injected DNA nanorobots deliver thrombin specifically to tumor-associated blood vessels and induce intravascular thrombosis, resulting in tumor necrosis and inhibition of tumor growth. The nanorobot proved safe and immunologically inert in mice and Bama miniature pigs. Our data show that DNA nanorobots represent a promising strategy for precise drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguo Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yung Chang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics; School of Life Sciences, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics; School of Life Sciences, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbiao Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics; School of Life Sciences, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu J, Li X, Zhao M, Huang H, Sun W, Gao Y. Early Detection of Urinary Proteome Biomarkers for Effective Early Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Rat Model. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xundou Li
- Department of Pathophysiology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Mindi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Beijing Normal University; Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory; Beijing China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Beijing Normal University; Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li W, Kuehne NW, Dallin E, Gordon R, Hof F. A supramolecular indicator displacement assay for acetyl amantadine, a proxy biomarker for spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl amantadine (AcAm) is produced from amantadine (Am) in vivo upon catalysis by spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase (SSAT). SSAT is a biomarker for multiple aggressive cancers, and the analysis of AcAm in urine has been promoted as a proxy measure for the early detection of cancer. We report here the development and optimization of cucurbit[7]uril–dye pair based indicator displacement assay (IDA) for the detection of AcAm in solution. In deionized water, using Rhodamine B as the dye, the limit of detection of AcAm was 0.087 μM with a linear response range from 0 to 1 μM. Using berberine as the dye, the limit of detection was 0.077 μM with the same range of linear response. Our efforts and difficulties in translating this assay to function in human urine are also described. We achieve a partial response of the berberine IDA to the presence of AcAm in urine that has undergone a simple PD-10 desalting step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Nathan W. Kuehne
- Glenlyon Norfolk School, 801 Bank St., Oak Bay, BC V8S 4A8, Canada
| | - Erin Dallin
- Glenlyon Norfolk School, 801 Bank St., Oak Bay, BC V8S 4A8, Canada
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Fraser Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:937-951. [PMID: 27234710 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cai M, Li W, Gao JJ, Wang Z, Zhou ZX, Han Y, Sun YL, Zhao XH. Significance of detection of urinary cathepsin D in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2170-2177. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i14.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To find a more economical method for monitoring colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis by detecting whether cathepsin D can be used as a urinary biomarker of colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis.
METHODS: Random mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients with colorectal carcinoma with or without liver metastasis. The urine protein was enriched on NC membrane through pumping filtration, and Western blot was used to detect the concentration of cathepsin D after elution. Urine creatine was used to normalise the result.
RESULTS: The enriched protein showed a good quality and Western blot results indicated that the concentration of cathepsin D in urine of patients with colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis was significantly higher than those of healthy controls and CRC patients without metastasis.
CONCLUSION: The method of urine protein enrichment allows to obtain high quality urine protein quickly, and urinary cathepsin D may serve as a potential biomarker of colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang H, Zhang W, Lu S, Lu G, Zhang H, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Dong M, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Wang P, Yu L, Wang F, Chen L. Mup-knockout mice generated through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion for use in urinary protein analysis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:468-73. [PMID: 26851484 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major urinary proteins (MUPs) are the most abundant protein species in mouse urine, accounting for more than 90% of total protein content. Twenty-one Mup genes and 21 pseudogenes are clustered in a region of around 2 megabase pairs (Mbp) on chromosome 4. A Mup-knockout mouse model would greatly facilitate researches in the field of proteomic analysis of mouse urine. Here, we report the successful knockout of the Mup gene cluster of 2.2 Mbp using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Homozygous Mup-knockout mice survived to adulthood and exhibited no obvious defects. The patterns of the proteomes of non-MUP urinary proteins in homozygous Mup-knockout mice were similar to those of wild-type mice judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect non-MUP urinary protein was significantly enhanced in Mup-knockout mice. In short, we have developed a Mup-knockout mouse model. This mouse model will be useful for the research of urinary biomarker testing that may have relevance for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangqing Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinghua Zhuang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mengqiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liang Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
SUN2 exerts tumor suppressor functions by suppressing the Warburg effect in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17940. [PMID: 26658802 PMCID: PMC4674702 DOI: 10.1038/srep17940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SUN2, a key component of LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex located at the inner nuclear membrane, plays unknown role in lung cancer. We found that SUN2 expression was decreased in lung cancer tissue compared with paired normal tissues and that higher SUN2 levels predicted better overall survival and first progression survival. Overexpression of SUN2 inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation and migration in lung cancer, whereas knockdown of SUN2 promotes cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, SUN2 increases the sensitivity of lung cancer to cisplatin by inducing cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we showed that SUN2 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by decreasing the expression of GLUT1 and LDHA to inhibit the Warburg effect. Finally, our results provided evidence that SIRT5 acts, at least partly, as a negative regulator of SUN2.Taken together, our findings indicate that SUN2 is a key component in lung cancer progression by inhibiting the Warburg effect and that the novel SIRT5/SUN2 axis may prove to be useful for the development of new strategies for treating the patients with lung cancer.
Collapse
|