1
|
Nallakumar S, Muthurakku UR. Chemically sprayed pristine and Cd 2+ incorporated Co 2SnO 4 thin films for low ppm level enhanced chemi - resistive behaviour towards dimethylamine detection at room temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134041. [PMID: 38522203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The surge in hazardous volatile organic liquid emissions driven by the rapid growth of the manufacturing industry has compelled a rising demand for gas sensors, which exhibit remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and room temperature operation. Ternary metal oxide spinel has indeed garnered significant attention in chemi-resistive gas sensors due to their large reactive surface area, physicochemical, and other unique properties. In this work, we have studied chemically sprayed pristine and Cd 2+ incorporated Co2SnO4 thin film as a sensing layer under room temperature (300 K) conditions. The 5 wt% Cd 2+ incorporated Co2SnO4 films unveiled a high sensor response to dimethylamine (DMA) gas (S = Igas/Iair = 6153 at 1 ppm), which was boosted by 8.89-fold times compared to pristine Co2SnO4 film, due to the large reactive surface area and enhanced defective oxygen vacancies. It has superior selectivity towards DMA gas, good response time (154 s) / recovery time (90 s), superior pro-longevity (S = 6138) after 60 days, stable repeatability (7 cycles), excellent cross-selectivity, and relative humid resistance at 300 K. This research work provides insights on Cd 2+ incorporated Co2SnO4 thin films and their feasibility in real-time gas sensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Nallakumar
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore 632014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jimenez-Chavez A, Pedroza-Herrera G, Betancourt-Reyes I, De Vizcaya Ruiz A, Masuoka-Ito D, Zapien JA, Medina-Ramirez IE. Aluminum enhances the oxidative damage of ZnO NMs in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:36. [PMID: 38407768 PMCID: PMC10897122 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Bare and doped zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) are of great interest as multifunctional platforms for biomedical applications. In this study, we systematically investigate the physicochemical properties of Aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) and its bio-interactions with neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and red blood (RBCs) cells. We provide a comprehensive chemical and structural characterization of the NMs. We also evaluated the biocompatibility of AZO NMs using traditional toxicity assays and advanced microscopy techniques. The toxicity of AZO NMs towards SH-SY5Y cells, decreases as a function of Al doping but is higher than the toxicity of ZnO NMs. Our results show that N-acetyl cysteine protects SH-SY5Y cells against reactive oxygen species toxicity induced by AZO NMs. ZnO and AZO NMs do not exert hemolysis in human RBCs at the doses that cause toxicity (IC50) in neuroblastoma cells. The Atomic force microscopy qualitative analysis of the interaction of SH-SY5Y cells with AZO NMs shows evidence that the affinity of the materials with the cells results in morphology changes and diminished interactions between neighboring cells. The holotomographic microscopy analysis demonstrates NMs' internalization in SH-SY5Y cells, changes in their chemical composition, and the role of lipid droplets in the clearance of toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Jimenez-Chavez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados de IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Gladis Pedroza-Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Israel Betancourt-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico, México
| | - Andrea De Vizcaya Ruiz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados de IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, México
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Masuoka-Ito
- Department of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Zapien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Guo S, He F, Li X, Wang Y, Wang T, Tian G, Liu R. The combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics with nickel on oxidative stress and related toxic effects to earthworms from individual and cellular perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168819. [PMID: 38043826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics may adsorb other pollutants in the environment due to their high specific surface area and small size. We used earthworms as experimental organisms to evaluate the ecotoxicity of NPs and Ni combined pollution at the individual and cellular levels. The results showed that when only 20 mg/L Ni2+ was added to the combined pollution system, the antioxidant system of earthworm coelomocytes was destroyed to a certain extent, the ROS level increased, the cell viability decreased significantly, and the redox balance was destroyed. With the introduction of PS-NPs and the increase of concentration, the oxidative damage in the coelomocytes of earthworms gradually increased, and finally tended to be stable when the maximum concentration of 50 mg/L PS-NPs and Ni were exposed together. At the animal level, the activities of CAT and SOD decreased within 28 days of exposure, and the combined pollution showed a synergistic effect. At the same time, it promoted the synthesis of GST in earthworms, improved their detoxification ability and reduced oxidative damage. The changes of T-AOC and MDA showed that the combined pollution caused the accumulation of ROS and caused more serious toxicological effects. With the increase of exposure time, the antioxidant system of earthworms was continuously destroyed, and the oxidative damage was serious, which induced more serious lipid peroxidation and caused the damage of earthworm body wall structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yaoyue Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China - America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdel-Gawad DRI, Shaban NS, Moselhy WA, El-Dek SI, Ibrahim MA, Azab AA, Hassan NEHY. Estimating the in vitro cytotoxicity of the newly emerged zinc oxide (ZnO) doped chromium nanoparticles using the human fetal lung fibroblast cells (WI38 cells). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127342. [PMID: 38016358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have been increased for more smart applications and getting the highest level of benefits, recently modification of the surface characters of nanoparticles is a new trend to get the optimal benefits, one of these modification is doping of zinc oxide with chromium nanoparticles (ZnO doped Cr NPs), the present study aimed to identify the surface characters of doped ZnO and their possible cytotoxic effects. The doped NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Electromagnetic Data Exchange (EDX). Human fetal lung fibroblast cells (WI38 Cells) was treated with variable concentrations of pure ZnO and ZnO doped Cr (0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 % and 0.04 %) for 24 hr at 37 °C followed by the MTT assay. The cells treated with the obtained half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The supernatant and cells were collected for oxidant/anti-oxidant and molecular analysis.The observed FESEM features are in line with the reported XRD analysis confirming the hexagonal crystal symmetry of all samples. The findings revealed that pure ZnO exhibited potent cytotoxic effects followed by (0.03 % and 0.04 %). All tested NPs produce lipid peroxidation significantly (0.03 % and 0.04 %). The significant up regulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and apoptotic Caspase (Cas-3) transcription level were reported in ZnO and 0.03 % and 0.04 % in contrast the anti apoptitic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is elevated in 0.01 % and 0.02 %. Doping of ZnO with Cr causing significant morphological changes which effect on their toxicity especially with 0.03 % and 0.04 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nema S Shaban
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - S I El-Dek
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - A A Azab
- Solid State Physics Dept., Physics Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salama MA, Alabiad MA, Saleh AA. Impact of resveratrol and zinc on biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by Trichinella spiralis infection. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e100. [PMID: 38099459 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a re-emerging worldwide foodborne zoonosis. Oxidative stress is one of the most common detrimental effects caused by trichinellosis. In addition, Trichinella infection poses an infinite and major challenge to the host's immune system. Resistance and side effects limit the efficiency of the existing anti-trichinella medication. Given that concern, this work aimed to investigate the anti-helminthic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of resveratrol and zinc during both phases of Trichinella spiralis infection. Sixty-four Swiss albino mice were divided into four equal groups: non-infected control, infected control, infected and treated with resveratrol, and infected and treated with zinc. Animals were sacrificed on the 7th and 35th days post-infection for intestinal and muscular phase assessments. Drug efficacy was assessed by biochemical, parasitological, histopathological, immunological, and immunohistochemical assays. Resveratrol and zinc can be promising antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents, as evidenced by the significant decrease in parasite burden, the significant improvement of liver and kidney function parameters, the increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the increase in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor expression, and the improvement in histopathological findings. Moreover, both drugs enhanced the immune system and restored the disturbed immune balance by increasing the interleukin 12 (IL-12) level. In conclusion, resveratrol and zinc provide protection for the host against oxidative harm and the detrimental effects produced by the host's defense response during Trichinella spiralis infection, making them promising natural alternatives for the treatment of trichinellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Salama
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - M A Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - A A Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shinde ST, Kanade KG, Gawade RB, Hinge VB, Shinde MD, Bankar DB, Thorat NM, Amalnerkar DP. AlCl 3@ZnO nanostructured material: an efficient green catalyst for the one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24767-24776. [PMID: 37601590 PMCID: PMC10437094 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AlCl3-loaded ZnO nanoparticles have been explored as an efficient catalyst for 1,4-dihydropyridine synthesis under ambient temperature and solvent-free conditions. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple solution-based precipitation technique using a stoichiometric amount of zinc sulfate and oxalic acid. The AlCl3@ZnO nanocrystalline catalyst was prepared by loading 20% AlCl3 on ZnO nanoparticles by a simple wet-impregnation technique. This catalyst efficiently performed Hantzsch pyridine reactions with various aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate. The nanostructured AlCl3-loaded ZnO catalyst was characterized by UV-DRS, XRD, FESEM, EDS, FETEM-STEM-EDS and XPS techniques. The comprehensive characterization reveals the formation of AlCl3-loaded ZnO catalysts with an average particle size of 70-80 nm. The loading of AlCl3 on the ZnO surface was confirmed by minor shifts in the XPS and XRD peaks. FETEM-STEM-EDS also indicates reasonable AlCl3 loading on ZnO nanoparticles. The 20% AlCl3-loaded ZnO nanocatalyst (AlCl3@ZnO) confers 92% yield for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine under solvent-free and ambient temperature conditions. The synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridines were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The reported catalyst is highly efficient, environmentally friendly and could become an alternative to homogenous and heterogenous catalytic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T Shinde
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Annasaheb Awate College Manchar-410503 India
| | - Kaluram G Kanade
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Annasaheb Awate College Manchar-410503 India
| | - Ramesh B Gawade
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Annasaheb Awate College Manchar-410503 India
| | - Vikram B Hinge
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Annasaheb Awate College Manchar-410503 India
| | - Manish D Shinde
- Centre for Materials for Electronic Technology (C-MET) Off Pashan Road, Panchwati Pune-411008 India
| | - Digambar B Bankar
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, R. B. Narayanrao Borawake College Shrirampur-413709 India
| | - Nitin M Thorat
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Centre Maharaja Jivajirao Shinde Mahavidyalaya, Shrigonda Ahmednagar-413701 India
| | - Dinesh P Amalnerkar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune-411007 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurban M. Sulfur doping concentration effect on the electronic and structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles: Insights from DFTB calculations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
8
|
Porrawatkul P, Nuengmatcha P, Kuyyogsuy A, Pimsen R, Rattanaburi P. Effect of Na and Al doping on ZnO nanoparticles for potential application in sunscreens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 240:112668. [PMID: 36774718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the environment-friendly production and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) doped with sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) metals to decrease the photocatalytic activity of ZnO for use in sunscreen. The metal-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) materials were prepared by the microwave method using extracts of Averrhoa carambola, also known as star fruit, as a reducing agent. The effects of metal-ion doping on the crystal structure, morphology, and optical characteristics of ZnO were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The sun protection factor (SPF) of the sunscreen formulations containing undoped ZnO, Na-doped ZnO (Na/ZnO), and Al-doped ZnO (Al/ZnO) NPs were found to be 10.10, 25.10, and 43.08, respectively. Therefore, Na/ZnO and Al/ZnO showed increased SPF. Additionally, the prepared nanomaterials and sunscreens were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed antioxidant activities. The methylene blue (MB) degradation was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of the undoped ZnO, Na/ZnO, and Al/ZnO NPs, which were found to be 66%, 46%, and 38%, respectively. Therefore, due to the structural defects of ZnO NPs, their photocatalytic activity was decreased with Na- and Al- doping. Additionally, Al/ZnO is an ideal candidate as an ingredient in sunscreens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prawit Nuengmatcha
- Creative Innovation in Science and Technology; Nanomaterials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand.
| | - Arnannit Kuyyogsuy
- Nanomaterials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Pimsen
- Nanomaterials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
| | - Parintip Rattanaburi
- Department of General Science, Faculty of Education, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamidian K, Sarani M, Najafidoust A, kadkhodaei J, Sardashti-Birjandi A. Co-doped ZnO nanowires: Synthesis, photocatalytic performance, and cytotoxic activity against human brain glioblastoma cells. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
10
|
Al-Enazi NM, Alsamhary K, Kha M, Ameen F. In vitro anticancer and antibacterial performance of biosynthesized Ag and Ce co-doped ZnO NPs. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:89-103. [PMID: 36536225 PMCID: PMC9763817 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The great potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for biomedical applications is attributed to their physicochemical properties. In this work, pure and Ag and Ce dual-doped ZnO NPs were synthesized through a facile and green route to examine their cytotoxicity in breast cancer and normal cells. The initial preparation of dual-doped nanoparticles was completed by the usage of taranjabin. The synthesis of Ag and Ce dual-doped ZnO NPs was started with preparing the Ce:Ag ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. The cytotoxicity effects of synthesized nanoparticles against breast normal cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were examined. The hexagonal structure of synthesized nanoparticles was observed through the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images exhibited the spherical shape and smooth surfaces of prepared particles along with the homogeneous distribution of Ag and Ce in ZnO with high-quality lattice fringes without any distortions. According to the cytotoxic results, the effects of Ag/Ce dual-doped ZnO NPs on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells were significantly more than of pure ZnO NPs, while dual-doped and pure nanoparticles remained indifferent towards breast normal (MCF-10A) cells. In addition, we investigated the antimicrobial activity against harmful bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M. Al-Enazi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla Alsamhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Kha
- Antibacterial Materials R&D Centre, China Metal New Materials (Huzhou) Institute, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Synthesis of Al and In dual-doped CuO nanostructures via SILAR method: Structural, optical and electrical properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of α-Al 2O 3 and M-Al 2O 4 spinel nanocomposites in hybrid quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17009. [PMID: 36220849 PMCID: PMC9554019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the performance of the aluminum oxide nanoparticle and metal aluminate spinel nanoparticle as photo-anodes in quantum dot photovoltaic. By using a sol–gel auto combustion method, Al2O3 NPs, CoAl2O4, CuAl2O4, NiAl2O4, and ZnAl2O4 were successfully synthesized. The formation of Al2O3 NPs and MAl2O4 (M=Co, Cu, Ni, Zn) nanocomposite was confirmed by using several characteristics such as XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, FE-SEM, and EDX spectra. The XRD shows that the CoAl2O4 has a smaller crystallite size (12.37 nm) than CuAl2O4, NiAl2O4, and ZnAl2O4. The formation of a single-phase spinel structure of the calcined samples at 1100 °C was confirmed by FTIR. Our studies showed that the pure Al2O3 NPs have a lower energy gap (1.37 eV) than synthesized MAl2O4 under UV–Vis irradiation. Due to the well separation between the light-generated electrons and the formed holes, the cell containing ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite with CdS QDs has the highest efficiency of 8.22% and the current density of 22.86 mA cm−2, while the cell based on NiAl2O4 as a photoelectrode, six cycles of CdS/ZnS QDs, and P-rGO as a counter electrode achieved the best (PCE) power conversion efficiency of 15.14% and the current density of 28.22 mA cm−2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that ZnAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 nanocomposites have the highest life times of the photogenerated electrons (τn) of 11*10−2 and 96*10−3 ms, respectively, and the lowest diffusion rates (Keff) of 9.09 and 10.42 ms−1, respectively.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The constant evolution and applications of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) make living organisms more susceptible to being exposed to them. Among the most used are zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Therefore, understanding the molecular effects of ZnO-NPs in biological systems is extremely important. This review compiles the main mechanisms that induce cell toxicity by exposure to ZnO-NPs and reported in vitro research models, with special attention to mitochondrial damage. Scientific evidence indicates that in vitro ZnO-NPs have a cytotoxic effect that depends on the size, shape and method of synthesis of ZnO-NPs, as well as the function of the cells to which they are exposed. ZnO-NPs come into contact with the extracellular region, leading to an increase in intracellular [Zn2+] levels. The mechanism by which intracellular ZnO-NPs come into contact with organelles such as mitochondria is still unclear. The mitochondrion is a unique organelle considered the “power station” in the cells, participates in numerous cellular processes, such as cell survival/death, multiple biochemical and metabolic processes, and holds genetic material. ZnO-NPs increase intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in particular, superoxide levels; they also decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which affects membrane permeability and leads to cell death. ZnO-NPs also induced cell death through caspases, which involve the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The expression of pro-apoptotic genes after exposure to ZnO-NPs can be affected by multiple factors, including the size and morphology of the NPs, the type of cell exposed (healthy or tumor), stage of development (embryonic or differentiated), energy demand, exposure time and, no less relevant, the dose. To prevent the release of pro-apoptotic proteins, the damaged mitochondrion is eliminated by mitophagy. To replace those mitochondria that underwent mitophagy, the processes of mitochondrial biogenesis ensure the maintenance of adequate levels of ATP and cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu H, Pang Q, Cao F, Liu Z, Wei W, Li Z, Long Q, Jiao Y. Number 2 Feibi Recipe Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the GSK-3β/mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921209. [PMID: 35903328 PMCID: PMC9315309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Number 2 Feibi Recipe (N2FBR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N2FBR inhibits H2O2-mediated oxidative stress damage in alveolar epithelial cells by increasing autophagy, as we previously demonstrated. However, it is unknown if similar mechanisms occur in vivo. We established a pulmonary fibrosis model by instilling bleomycin (BLM) from the airway to examine the effects of N2FBR on pulmonary fibrosis and investigate its probable mechanism in this work. We discovered that N2FBR treatment effectively alleviated interstitial fibrosis as well as collagen deposition, primarily in upregulating SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC and downregulating MDA content. N2FBR also increased the expression of LC3B, Beclin-1, LAMP1, TFEB and downregulated the expression of p62, legumain. N2FBR treatment boosted the production of autophagosomes, according to the results of the TEM observation. Furthermore, we explored that N2FBR exerted its anti-oxidative stress and pro-autophagy effects via GSK-3β/mTOR signalling pathway. Therefore, these results provide further evidence for the protective effect of N2FBR in pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings could have ramifications for the development of antifibrosis therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoge Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Pang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoheng Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Long, ; Yang Jiao,
| | - Yang Jiao
- Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Long, ; Yang Jiao,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sanati M, Afshari AR, Kesharwani P, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Recent trends in the application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy: The involvement of oxidative stress. J Control Release 2022; 348:287-304. [PMID: 35644289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the biomedical area, the interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology has the potential to bring numerous unique applications, including better tactics for cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been the topic of many research and material applications throughout the last decade. Unlike small-molecule medications, NPs are defined by distinct physicochemical characteristics, such as a large surface-to-volume ratio, which allows them to permeate live cells with relative ease. The versatility of NPs as both therapeutics and diagnostics makes them ideal for a broad spectrum of illnesses, from infectious diseases to cancer. A significant amount of data has been participated in the current scientific publications, emphasizing the concept that NPs often produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a larger degree than micro-sized particles. It is important to note that oxidative stress governs a wide range of cell signaling cascades, many of which are responsible for cancer cell cytotoxicity. Here, we aimed to provide insight into the signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress in cancer cells in response to several types of nanomaterials, such as metallic and polymeric NPs and quantum dots. We discuss recent advances in developing integrated anticancer medicines based on NPs targeted to destroy malignant cells by increasing their ROS setpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Study of Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Poplar-Type Polish Propolis Considering Local Flora Diversity in Relation to Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities in Human Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030725. [PMID: 35163989 PMCID: PMC8840218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nine samples of ethanolic extracts of poplar-type propolis (EEP) originated from South-Eastern Poland were analyzed in terms of the diversity of the flora around the apiary. The mineral composition, antioxidant properties, polyphenolic profile (HPTLC), and main polyphenolic constituents (HPLC-DAD) were determined. Only minor differences in chemical composition and antioxidant capacity between tested EEPs were found regardless of their botanical origin. However, the biological activity of the EEPs was more diversified. The tested EEPs showed stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) compared to Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Staphylococci biofilm inhibition occurred as a result of exposure to the action of four out of nine EEPs (P1–P4). Due to the various compositions of individual EEPs, a different MCF-7 cellular response was observed according to inhibition of cells migration and proliferation. Almost every sample inhibited the migration of breast cancer cells at a low concentration (0.04 µg/mL) of propolis. Even at the lowest concentration (0.02 µg/mL), each EEP inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, however, the level of inhibition varied between samples.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ciobanu V, Roncari F, Ceccone G, Braniste T, Ponti J, Bogni A, Guerrini G, Cassano D, Colpo P, Tiginyanu I. Protein-corona formation on aluminum doped zinc oxide and gallium nitride nanoparticles. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221131881. [DOI: 10.1177/22808000221131881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of semiconductor nanoparticles with bio-molecules attracts increasing interest of researchers, considering the reactivity of nanoparticles and the possibility to control their properties remotely giving mechanical, thermal, or electrical stimulus to the surrounding bio-environment. This work reports on a systematic comparative study of the protein-corona formation on aluminum doped zinc oxide and gallium nitride nanoparticles. Bovine serum albumin was chosen as a protein model. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques have been used to demonstrate the formation of protein-corona as well as the stability of the colloidal suspension given by BSA, which also works as a surfactant. The protein adsorption on the NPs surface studied by Bradford Assay showed the dependence on the quantity of proteins adsorbed to the available sites on the NPs surface, thus the saturation was observed at ratio higher than 5:1 (NPs:Proteins) in case of ZnO, these correlating with DLS results. Moreover, the kinetics of the proteins showed a relatively fast adsorption on the NPs surface with a saturation curve after about 25 min. GaN NPs, however, showed a very small amount of proteins adsorbed on the surface, a change in the hydrodynamic size being not observable with DLS technique or differential centrifugal sedimentation. The Circular Dichroism analysis suggests a drastic structural change in the secondary structure of the BSA after attaching on the NPs surface. The ZnO nanoparticles adsorb a protein-corona, which does not protect them against dissolution, and in consequence, the material proved to be highly toxic for Human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) at concentration above 25 µg/mL. In contrast, the GaN nanoparticles which do not adsorb a protein-corona, show no toxicity signs for HaCaT cells at concentration as high as 50 µg/mL, exhibiting much lower concentration of ions leakage in the culture medium as compared to ZnO nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ciobanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Tudor Braniste
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ion Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahala S, Arumugam SM, Kumar S, Singh D, Sharma S, Devi B, Yadav SK, Elumalai S. Sn Doping on Ta
2
O
5
Facilitates Glucose Isomerization for Enriched 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Production and its True Response Prediction using a Neural Network Model. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Mahala
- Chemical Engineering Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Senthil M. Arumugam
- Chemical Engineering Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Chemical Engineering Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
- Dr. SSB University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Dalwinder Singh
- Computational Biology Division DBT-National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Shelja Sharma
- Chemical Engineering Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Bhawana Devi
- Chemical Engineering Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sudesh K. Yadav
- Biotechnology & Synthetic Biology Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sasikumar Elumalai
- Chemical Engineering Division DBT-Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gandhi AD, Miraclin PA, Abilash D, Sathiyaraj S, Velmurugan R, Zhang Y, Soontarapa K, Sen P, Sridharan TB. Nanosilver reinforced Parmelia sulcata extract efficiently induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferative signalling in MCF-7 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111375. [PMID: 34048745 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Lichen, Parmelia sulcata synthesizes various secondary metabolites, in which phenolic based compounds received much attention due to their importance in biomedical application. Especially the phenolic compound was effective against the cancer treatment. An effective administration of such plant natural product can represent a significant conventional management of cancer in terms of chemoprevention. The nanomedicines are group of agents that selectively interfere the cancer cells which leads to reduction of side effect thereby reducing the doses. Silver nanoparticles is a promising antitumor agent, however, the conventional production of silver nanoparticles have many drawbacks which led to increase in need of eco-friendly biological production methods. In this study, we made an attempt to synthesise a nano silver (Ps-AgNPs) from phenolic extract of lichen Parmelia sulcata extract. The Ps-AgNps was applied for anticancer activity using MCF-7 cells and the effect was characterised by western blotting method. The FTIR, XRD, UV and TEM results confirms the presence of silver nanoparticles in phenolic extract of lichen Parmelia sulcata. The cytotoxicity assay shows that the Ps-AgNPs is toxic against cancer cells (MCF-7) but not to normal cells (NIH3T3), which confirm the selective induction of cell death (apoptosis) against cancer cells. The Western blot analysis also clearly indicates the down regulation of inflammatory genes (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and cell cycle genes (PCNA and Cyclin-D1) thus promoting intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The results suggest that Ps-AgNPs can effectively kill cancer cells and can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Dhanesh Gandhi
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Prasanna A Miraclin
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Doraiah Abilash
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sivaji Sathiyaraj
- Nano and Energy Biosciences Laboratory, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, India
| | - Rajendran Velmurugan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yang Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Khantong Soontarapa
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Priyankar Sen
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T B Sridharan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh SP, Mishra A, Shyanti RK, Singh RP, Acharya A. Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Carica papaya Leaf Extract (AgNPs-PLE) Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Prostate (DU145) Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1316-1331. [PMID: 32557113 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer has been limited by the poor efficacy and toxicity profiles of available drugs. There is a growing demand to develop alternative approaches to combat cancer such as use of nano-formulation-based drugs. Here, we report biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with papaya leaf extract (PLE) and its anti-cancer properties against different human cancer cells. Purified nanoparticles were characterized by standard techniques, such as TEM, STM, SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity of AgNPs-PLE was carried out against different human cancer cells and non-tumorigenic human keratinocytes cells. AgNPs-PLE when compared with AgNPs-citric acid or PLE showed better efficacy against cancer cells and was also relatively less toxic to normal cells. Treatment of DU145 cells with AgNPs-PLE (0.5-5.0 μg/ml) for 24-48 h lowered total cell number by 24-36% (P < 0.05). Inhibition of cell growth was linked with arrest of cell cycle at G2/M phase at 24 h, while G1 and G2/M phase arrests at 48 h. ROS production was observed at earlier time points in presence of AgNPs-PLE, suggesting its role behind apoptosis in DU145 cells. Induction of apoptosis (57%) was revealed by AO/EB staining in DU145 cells along with induction of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP proteins. G1-S phase cell cycle check point marker, cyclin D1 was down-regulated along with an increase in cip1/p21 and kip1/p27 tumor suppressor proteins by AgNPs-PLE. These findings suggest the anti-cancer properties of AgNPs-PLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Abhijeet Mishra
- Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritis K Shyanti
- Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parsa M, Entezari MH, Meshkini A. Sono-synthesis approach improves anticancer activity of ZnO nanoparticles: reactive oxygen species depletion for killing human osteosarcoma cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:657-671. [PMID: 33754834 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of ultrasound during the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on their anticancer activity. Materials & methods: ZnO NPs were synthesized in the presence and absence of ultrasonic irradiation. Biological tests were performed on human osteosarcoma cancer cells (Saos-2). Results: The sono-synthesized sample indicated higher cytotoxicity than the conventional one. (IC50 = 16.48 ± 0.41 μg/ml for sonochemical ZnO; 26.96 ± 0.33 μg/ml for conventional ZnO). Both sonochemical and conventional samples acted like antioxidants and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species level. This reduction was more significant in cells treated with the sono-synthesized sample. The sono-synthesized ZnO NPs showed more tumor selectivity than the conventional sample. Conclusion: Sono-synthesis of ZnO NPs by a bath sonicator could improve their anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Parsa
- Sonochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Entezari
- Sonochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Environmental Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Meshkini
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM, Alhadlaq HA. SnO 2-Doped ZnO/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Improved Anticancer Activity via Oxidative Stress Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:89-104. [PMID: 33447029 PMCID: PMC7802795 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s285392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic selectivity and drug resistance are critical issues in cancer therapy. Currently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) hold considerable promise to tackle this problem due to their tunable physicochemical properties. This work was designed to prepare SnO2-doped ZnO NPs/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs) with enhanced anticancer activity and better biocompatibility than those of pure ZnO NPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure ZnO NPs, SnO2-doped ZnO (SnO2-ZnO) NPs, and SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. Prepared samples were characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrometer, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Selectivity and anticancer activity of prepared samples were assessed in human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human normal breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells. Possible mechanisms of anticancer activity of prepared samples were explored through oxidative stress pathway. RESULTS XRD spectra of SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs confirmed the formation of single-phase of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO. High resolution TEM and SEM mapping showed homogenous distribution of SnO2 and rGO in ZnO NPs with high quality lattice fringes without any distortion. Band gap energy of SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs was lower compared to SnO2-ZnO NPs and pure ZnO NPs. The SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs exhibited significantly higher anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cells than those of SnO2-ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs. The SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs induced apoptotic response through the upregulation of caspase-3 gene and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistic study indicated that SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs kill cancer cells through oxidative stress pathway. Moreover, biocompatibility of SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs was also higher against normal breast epithelial (MCF10A cells) in comparison to SnO2-ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs. CONCLUSION SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs showed enhanced anticancer activity and better biocompatibility than SnO2-ZnO NPs and pure ZnO NPs. This work suggested a new approach to improve the selectivity and anticancer activity of ZnO NPs. Studies on antitumor activity of SnO2-ZnO/rGO NCs in animal models are further warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trung DQ, Quang NV, Tran MT, Du NV, Tu N, Hung ND, Viet DX, Anh DD, Huy PT. Single-composition Al 3+-singly doped ZnO phosphors for UV-pumped warm white light-emitting diode applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9037-9050. [PMID: 34160493 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00971k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of full-visible-spectrum phosphors is essential for next-generation light-emitting devices with better light quality. Herein, we report on a novel broad-band-emitting phosphor based on single-composition Al-doped ZnO phosphors. Under the UV excitation of 325 nm, the ZnO : Al phosphor exhibits a full spectrum emission in the visible wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm with a CIE chromaticity coordinate of (0.42, 0.48), a quantum efficiency of 43%, a color rendering index (CRI) of 74, a correlated color temperature (CCT) value of 3873 K and an activation energy of 0.22 eV. A prototype of a UV-pumped warm WLED with a high CRI of 87 and a CCT of 4067 K has been achieved by using only this broad-band-emitting Al3+-doped ZnO phosphor. The obtained results indicate that the single-composition Al3+-singly doped warm white emitting phosphor is a promising candidate for UV-pump warm white light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Q Trung
- Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. and Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), Phenikaa University, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam and Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - N V Quang
- Faculty of Materials Science, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam and Department of Chemistry, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Phuc Yen, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam
| | - M T Tran
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), Phenikaa University, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam and Faculty of Materials Science, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - N V Du
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), Phenikaa University, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam and Faculty of Materials Science, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - N Tu
- Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. and Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), Phenikaa University, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam and Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - N D Hung
- Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (AIST), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), N0 01 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Xuan Viet
- Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (AIST), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), N0 01 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D D Anh
- Faculty of Materials Science, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - P T Huy
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), Phenikaa University, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam and Faculty of Materials Science, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MM, Alhadlaq HA, Alshamsan A. Barium Titanate (BaTiO 3) Nanoparticles Exert Cytotoxicity through Oxidative Stress in Human Lung Carcinoma (A549) Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2309. [PMID: 33266501 PMCID: PMC7700150 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles (BT NPs) have shown exceptional characteristics such as high dielectric constant and suitable ferro-, piezo-, and pyro-electric properties. Thus, BT NPs have shown potential to be applied in various fields including electro-optical devices and biomedicine. However, very limited knowledge is available on the interaction of BT NPs with human cells. This work was planned to study the interaction of BT NPs with human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Results showed that BT NPs decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of caspase-3 and -9 enzyme activity were also observed following BT NP exposure. BT NPs further induced oxidative stress indicated by induction of pro-oxidants (reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide) and reduction of antioxidants (glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes). Moreover, BT NP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were effectively abrogated by N-acetyl-cysteine (an ROS scavenger), suggesting that BT NP-induced cytotoxicity was mediated through oxidative stress. Intriguingly, the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity of BT NPs was similar to the mode of action of ZnO NPs. At the end, we found that BT NPs did not affect the non-cancerous human lung fibroblasts (IMR-90). Altogether, BT NPs selectively induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells via oxidative stress. This work warrants further research on selective cytotoxicity mechanisms of BT NPs in different types of cancer cells and their normal counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
| | - M.A. Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hisham A. Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.); (H.A.A.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Samy M, Ibrahim MG, Gar Alalm M, Fujii M. MIL-53(Al)/ZnO coated plates with high photocatalytic activity for extended degradation of trimethoprim via novel photocatalytic reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Development of Al2O3.ZnO/GO-phenolic formaldehyde amine derivative nanocomposite: A new hybrid anticorrosion coating material for mild steel. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Martinez-Oviedo A, Ray SK, Joshi B, Lee SW. Enhancement of NOx photo-oxidation by Fe- and Cu-doped blue TiO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26702-26713. [PMID: 32378104 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work is focused on the removal of NOx with reduced blue TiO2 with Fe (blue Fe-TiO2)- and Cu (blue Cu-TiO2)-doped photocatalyst. TiO2 was reduced via lithium in EDA (blue TiO2). Fe and Cu ions were doped in the reduced TiO2 (blue Fe-TiO2 and blue Cu-TiO2). The material resulted in a core-shell structure of amorphous and anatase phase. XPS suggests the existence of Ti3+ species and oxygen vacancies within the structure of TiO2. Additionally, valence bond (VB)-XPS shows the generation of intermediate levels at the band edge of the doped photocatalyst. Photocurrent, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the enhanced charge-separation process in doped reduced TiO2. The photocatalysts were tested for the photo-oxidation of NOx. Blue Fe-TiO2 reveals the efficiency of 70% for NO elimination and 44.74% for NO2 formation. The improved efficiency of the doped photocatalyst is related to the re-engineered structure with Ti3+ species, oxygen vacancies, and charge traps. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement was carried out for blue Fe-TiO2 to confirm the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, ion chromatography was used to investigate the mechanism of NOx oxidation. In conclusion, the doped blue TiO2 has a strong tendency to photo-oxidize NOx gasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martinez-Oviedo
- Department of Environmental and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 3146, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environmental and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 3146, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra Joshi
- Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Wohn Lee
- Department of Environmental and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 3146, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roszak J, Smok-Pieniążek A, Spryszyńska S, Kowalczyk K, Domeradzka-Gajda K, Świercz R, Grobelny J, Tomaszewska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Celichowski G, Cieślak M, Puchowicz D, Stępnik M. Cytotoxic effects in transformed and non-transformed human breast cell lines after exposure to silver nanoparticles in combination with selected aluminium compounds, parabens or phthalates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122442. [PMID: 32193110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess cytotoxic effects of selected aluminium compounds, parabens and phthalates in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNP, 15 and 45 nm by STEM, Ag15 and Ag45, respectively) on cell lines of the human breast epithelium, normal (MCF-10A) and transformed (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). Combination indices were the most spectacular at effective concentrations (ED) inducing 25 % decrease in viability for the combinations of Ag15 with AlCl3 for MDA-MB-231 cells or aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex Gly (AlZr) for MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells, where rather strong antagonism was revealed. As the ED values increased, those effects were enhanced (e.g. Ag15+AlCl3 for MDA-MB-231) or reversed into synergism (e.g. Ag15+AlZr for MCF-7). Another strong effect was observed for aluminium chloride hydroxide, which increasing ED, induced synergistic effect with both Ag15 and Ag45 on MCF-10A cells. Another interesting synergistic effect was observed for DBPh, but only in combination with Ag45 on MCF-10A and MCF-7. The results on cytotoxicity, cell cycle and oxidative stress induction indicate complex response of the cell lines to combined treatment with silver nanoparticles and the chemicals, which were influenced by diverse factors, such as physico-chemical characteristics of AgNP, method of their synthesis, concentrations used, and finally cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Roszak
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Smok-Pieniążek
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - S Spryszyńska
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Kowalczyk
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Domeradzka-Gajda
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Świercz
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - E Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - K Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - G Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - M Cieślak
- Scientific Department of Unconventional Technologies and Textiles, Łukasiewicz-Textile Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Puchowicz
- Scientific Department of Unconventional Technologies and Textiles, Łukasiewicz-Textile Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Stępnik
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Dept, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khashan KS, Sulaiman GM, Hussain SA, Marzoog TR, Jabir MS. Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-bacterial, Anti-parasitic and Anti-cancer Activities of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
30
|
Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Alrokayan SA, Ramamoorthy MM, Alaizeri ZM. High Surface Reactivity and Biocompatibility of Y 2O 3 NPs in Human MCF-7 Epithelial and HT-1080 FibroBlast Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051137. [PMID: 32138335 PMCID: PMC7179248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to generate a comparative data on biological response of yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) with the antioxidant CeO2 NPs and pro-oxidant ZnO NPs. Sizes of Y2O3 NPs were found to be in the range of 35±10 nm as measured by TEM and were larger from its hydrodynamic sizes in water (1004 ± 134 nm), PBS (3373 ± 249 nm), serum free culture media (1735 ± 305 nm) and complete culture media (542 ± 108 nm). Surface reactivity of Y2O3 NPs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found significantly higher than for CeO2 and ZnO NPs. The displacement studies clearly suggested that adsorption to either BSA, filtered serum or serum free media was quite stable, and was dependent on whichever component interacted first with the Y2O3 NPs. Enzyme mimetic activity, like that of CeO2 NPs, was not detected for the NPs of Y2O3 or ZnO. Cell viability measured by MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays suggested Y2O3 NPs were not toxic in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and fibroblast HT-1080 cells up to the concentration of 200 μg/mL for a 24 h treatment period. Oxidative stress markers suggested Y2O3 NPs to be tolerably non-oxidative and biocompatible. Moreover, mitochondrial potential determined by JC-1 as well as lysosomal activity determined by lysotracker (LTR) remained un-affected and intact due to Y2O3 and CeO2 NPs whereas, as expected, were significantly induced by ZnO NPs. Hoechst-PI dual staining clearly suggested apoptotic potential of only ZnO NPs. With high surface reactivity and biocompatibility, NPs of Y2O3 could be a promising agent in the field of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-146-96075
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.M.R.)
| | - Salman A. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang L, Guo D, Wang Z, Yin X, Wei H, Hu W, Chen R, Chen C. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce human tenon fibroblast apoptosis through reactive oxygen species and caspase signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 683:108324. [PMID: 32112740 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world and trabeculectomy remains still the most commonly performed filtration surgery. Failure of trabeculectomy is due to the formation of scarring, which is associated with the increased fibroblast proliferation, activation, and collagen deposition at the site of the drainage channel with subconjunctival fibrosis. Our previous study has revealed that zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles could efficiently decrease the expressions of TGF-β1 and inhibit fibroblast-mediated collagen lattice contraction. However, the mechanism underlying ZnO nanoparticle-induced fibroblast apoptosis is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs). Moreover, we also explored the influence of ZnO nanoparticles on the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), collagen III, and E-cadherin. The results indicated that ZnO nanoparticles markedly inhibit HTFs viability and decrease the Δψm in a concentration-dependent pattern. Exposure of HTFs to ZnO nanoparticles could also induce the elevated Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Apaf-1 expression, decrease the levels of FSP-1, collagen III, and E-cadherin expression, leading to HTFs apoptosis. Our results suggested that elevated ROS and activated Caspase signaling play a fundamental role in ZnO nanoparticle-induced HTFs apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - Xuewei Yin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Huixia Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Wanli Hu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655#, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, 272002, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mahjouri S, Kosari-Nasab M, Mohajel Kazemi E, Divband B, Movafeghi A. Effect of Ag-doping on cytotoxicity of SnO 2 nanoparticles in tobacco cell cultures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:121012. [PMID: 31437804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are promising materials for electrochemical, catalytic, and biomedical applications due to their high photosensitivity, suitable stability characteristics, wide band gap energy potential, and low cost. Doping SnO2 NPs with metallic elements such as Ag has been used to improve their efficiency. Despite their commercial importance, the current literature lacks investigations to determine their toxic effects on plant systems. In this study, SnO2 and Ag/SnO2 NPs were synthesized using polymer pyrolysis method and characterized by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, and DLS techniques. Subsequently, the toxicity of the synthesized NPs on cell viability, cell proliferation, and a number of oxidative stress markers were measured in tobacco cell cultures. SnO2 and Ag/SnO2 NPs were found to be polygonal in shape with the size range of 10-30 nm. Both NPs induced cytotoxicity by reducing the cell viability and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the generation of H2O2, phenolics, flavonoids, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were observed. According to the results, Ag-doping played a key role in the induction of toxicity in tobacco cell cultures. The obtained results confirmed that SnO2 and Ag/SnO2 NPs induced cytotoxicity in tobacco cells through oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mahjouri
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Kosari-Nasab
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Baharak Divband
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yan L, Zhao F, Wang J, Zu Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. A Safe-by-Design Strategy towards Safer Nanomaterials in Nanomedicines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805391. [PMID: 30701603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The marriage of nanotechnology and medicine offers new opportunities to fight against human diseases. Benefiting from their unique optical, thermal, magnetic, or redox properties, a wide range of nanomaterials have shown potential in applications such as diagnosis, drug delivery, or tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the considerable success achieved over the past decades, the newly emerging nanomedicines still suffer from an incomplete understanding of their safety risks, and of the relationships between their physicochemical characteristics and safety profiles. Herein, the most important categories of nanomaterials with clinical potential and their toxicological mechanisms are summarized, and then, based on this available information, an overview of the principles in developing safe-by-design nanomaterials for medical applications and of the recent progress in this field is provided. These principles may serve as a starting point to guide the development of more effective safe-by-design strategies and to help identify the major knowledge and skill gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Zu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Al-Salmi FA, Hamza RZ, El-Shenawy NS. The Interaction of Zinc Oxide/Green Tea Extract Complex Nanoparticles and its Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity in Liver of Rats. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:465-475. [PMID: 30961481 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190408120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly utilized in both industrial and medical applications. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of green nanoparticle complex (green tea extract/zinc oxide nanoparticles complex, GTE/ZnO NPs) on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of rats. METHODS Wistar male rats (n=64) weighing between 200-250 g were divided randomly into eight groups: control group was given physiological saline (1 mg/kg), two groups were treated with two different doses of MSG (MSG-LD, MSG-HD; 6 and 17.5 mg/Kg, respectively), GTE was given 1 mg/mL, 5th group was treated with ZnO NPs and 6th group was treated with GTE/ZnO NPs complex while, 7th and 8th groups were treated with MSG-LD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex and MSG-HD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex, respectively. All substances were given orally for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the liver was homogenized for measurement of the oxidative stress status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological and transmission alternations. RESULTS Results showed that the antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione level were significantly decreased in MSG groups than control in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly increased in MSG groups than the control group. The liver indicated no evidence of alteration in oxidative status, anti-inflammatory and morphological parameters in GTE, ZnO NPs and GTE/ZnO NPs complex groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress and inflammation on liver after 28 days of exposure that supported histological analysis and transmission view of hepatic parenchyma. GTE/ZnO NPs act as partial hepato-protective against MSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawziah A Al-Salmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Z Hamza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla S El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Antibacterial activity of ultra-small copper oxide (II) nanoparticles synthesized by mechanochemical processing against S. aureus and E. coli. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110011. [PMID: 31546455 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, ultra-small CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a mechanochemical method using two different Cu-containing precursors (i.e. CuSO4·5H2O and CuCl2·2H2O), and their structure and antibacterial activity were studied. From the microstructural studies, it was observed that CuO NPs have a spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution with 7 and 14 nm median particle sizes for CuCl2·2H2O and CuSO4.5H2O precursors, respectively. The CuCl2·2H2O derived nanoparticles showed more antibacterial activity than CuSO4.5H2O derived nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized nanoparticles (derived from both precursors) against E. coli and S.aureus were 3.75 and 2.50 mg/ml, respectively, which are higher than those reported in the literature for CuO NPs synthesized by other methods. This difference may be originated from ultra-small size of the synthesized nanoparticles, high bandgap energy and Fe inclusion entering from milling media and their effect on oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of CuO NPs. The higher MIC value reported in this work indicates that the synthesized NPs not only show good antibacterial activity, but also they yield lower cytotoxicity, which extends their applications in the biomedical field.
Collapse
|
36
|
Buchman JT, Hudson-Smith NV, Landy KM, Haynes CL. Understanding Nanoparticle Toxicity Mechanisms To Inform Redesign Strategies To Reduce Environmental Impact. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1632-1642. [PMID: 31181913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a surge of consumer products that incorporate nanoparticles, which are used to improve or impart new functionalities to the products based on their unique physicochemical properties. With such an increase in products containing nanomaterials, there is a need to understand their potential impacts on the environment. This is often done using various biological models that are abundant in the different environmental compartments where the nanomaterials may end up after use. Beyond studying whether nanomaterials simply kill an organism, the molecular mechanisms by which nanoparticles exhibit toxicity have been extensively studied. Some of the main mechanisms include (1) direct nanoparticle association with an organism's cell surface, where the membrane can be damaged or initiate internal signaling pathways that damage the cell, (2) dissolution of the material, releasing toxic ions that impact the organism, generally through impairing important enzyme functions or through direct interaction with a cell's DNA, and (3) the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress on an organism, which can also damage important enzymes or an organism's genetic material. This Account reviews these toxicity mechanisms, presenting examples for each with different types of nanomaterials. Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity will inform efforts to redesign nanoparticles with reduced environmental impact. The redesign strategies will need to be chosen based on the major mode of toxicity, but also considering what changes can be made to the nanomaterial without impacting its ability to perform in its intended application. To reduce interactions with the cell surface, nanomaterials can be designed to have a negative surface charge, use ligands such as polyethylene glycol that reduce protein binding, or have a morphology that discourages binding with a cell surface. To reduce the nanoparticle dissolution to toxic ions, the toxic species can be replaced with less toxic elements that have similar properties, the nanoparticle can be capped with a shell material, the morphology of the nanoparticle can be chosen to minimize surface area and thus minimize dissolution, or a chelating agent can be co-introduced or functionalized onto the nanomaterial's surface. To reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, the band gap of the material can be tuned either by using different elements or by doping, a shell layer can be added to inhibit direct contact with the core, or antioxidant molecules can be tethered to the nanoparticle surface. When redesigning nanoparticles, it will be important to test that the redesign strategy actually reduces toxicity to organisms from relevant environmental compartments. It is also necessary to confirm that the nanomaterial still demonstrates the critical physicochemical properties that inspired its inclusion in a product or device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Buchman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Natalie V. Hudson-Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Landy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The impact of photocatalytic Ag/TiO 2 and Ag/N-TiO 2 nanoparticles on human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells. Toxicology 2019; 416:30-43. [PMID: 30711708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential human health risks following the exposure to inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is a very important issue for their application in leather finishing industry. The aim of our study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of silver (Ag)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs on human cells. Photocatalytic NPs were prepared by electrochemical deposition of Ag on the surface of TiO2 and nitrogen (N)-TiO2 NPs and, subsequently, physico-chemical characterized. Then, a set of experiments have been performed to study the cytotoxicity and cell death mechanisms involved, the changes in cell morphology and the production of ROS induced in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human lung epithelial cells (A549) by exposure to NPs. Moreover, the changes in major signaling pathways and the inflammatory response induced by Ag/N-TiO2 NPs in A549 cells were investigated. The data showed that cell death by late apoptosis/necrosis is induced in cells as function of the dose and the type of NPs and is characterized by morphological changes and cytoskeletal disorganization and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The exposure of A549 cells to Ag/N-TiO2 NPs determine the activation of ERK1/2 MAP-kinase pathway and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators CXCL1, GM-CSF and MIF, known to be involved in the recruitment of circulating neutrophils and monocytes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Khan F, Akhtar N, Jalal N, Hussain I, Szmigielski R, Hayat MQ, Ahmad HB, El-Said WA, Yang M, Janjua HA. Carbon-dot wrapped ZnO nanoparticle-based photoelectrochemical sensor for selective monitoring of H 2O 2 released from cancer cells. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:127. [PMID: 30684013 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on a simple approach for the fabrication of an electrode modified with biocompatible C-dot wrapped ZnO nanoparticles for selective photoelectrochemical monitoring of H2O2 released from living cells. The biocompatibility of the ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed through in-vitro cellular testing using the MTT assay on Huh7 cell lines. The ZnO nanoparticles wrapped with dopamine-derived C-dots possess numerous catalytically active sites, excessive surface defects, good electrical conductivity, and efficient separation ability of photo-induced electrons and holes. These properties offer highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic photo-electrochemical monitoring of H2O2 released from HeLa cells after stimulation with N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The sensor has a wide linear range (20-800 nM), low detection limit (2.4 nM), and reliable reproducibility, this implying its suitability for biological and biomedical applications. Graphical abstract Schematic of the fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles by using a plant extract as a reducing agent. Wrapping of ZnO with C-dots enhances the photoelectrocatalytic efficacy. Sensitive and selective photoelectrochemical monitoring of H2O2 released from cancer cells is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faria Khan
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.,Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. .,National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, 305-0047, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.
| | - Nasir Jalal
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin Shi, 300072, China
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Rafal Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Muhammad Qasim Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz B Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waleed A El-Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Minghui Yang
- Solid State Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hussnain Ahmed Janjua
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Alhadlaq HA. Challenges facing nanotoxicology and nanomedicine due to cellular diversity. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:186-196. [PMID: 30291894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with cells from the perspective of major cellular differentiations. The structure and composition of cells reflect their role and function in a particular organ or environment. The normal differentiated-state and diseased cells may respond to NMs very differently. This review progresses with due care on nanotoxicology while emphasizing the potential of NMs in treating stress-associated disorders, including cancer and degeneration. The striking potential of NMs in inducing ROS, scavenging ROS, depleting cellular antioxidants, replenishing antioxidants, mimicking antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulating the immune system all show their considerable potential in treating cancer and other aging-associated disorders. It is now clear that NMs become more active and versatile when they come into contact with biological machinery, surprisingly in some cases, in a manner dependent on cell type. The mechanisms leading to the contrasting bioresponse of NMs ranging from toxicity to anticancer and from cell survival to carcinogenicity followed by their immuno-modulating potential show NMs to be a highly promising agent in biomedical therapy. This first-of-its-kind article seeks the challenges to be addressed that could provide a solid rationale in translating the promises of nanomedicine. A thorough understanding of normal and cancer biology could help to minimize the gap between basic and translational research in nanotechnology-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ghaemi B, Shaabani E, Najafi-Taher R, Jafari Nodooshan S, Sadeghpour A, Kharrazi S, Amani A. Intracellular ROS Induction by Ag@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Frontiers of Permanent Optically Active Holes in Breast Cancer Theranostic. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24370-24381. [PMID: 29932633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether ZnO coating on Ag nanoparticles (NPs) tunes electron flux and hole figuration at the metal-semiconductor interface under UV radiation. This effect triggers the photoactivity and generation of reactive oxygen species from Ag@ZnO NPs, which results in enhanced cytotoxic effects and apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231). In this context, upregulation of apoptotic cascade proteins (i.e., Bax/Bcl2 association, p53, cytochrome c, and caspase-3) along with activation of oxidative stress proteins suggested the occurrence of apoptosis by Ag@ZnO NPs in cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Also, preincubation of breast cancer cells with Ag@ZnO NPs in dark conditions muted NP-related toxic effects and consequent apoptotic fate, highlighting biocompatible properties of unexcited Ag@ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacy of Ag@ZnO NPs as computed tomography (CT)/optical nanoprobes was investigated. Results confirmed the efficacy of the photoactivated system in obtaining desirable outcomes from CT/optical imaging, which represents novel theranostic NPs for simultaneous imaging and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amin Sadeghpour
- Centre for X-Ray Analytics, Department of Material Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (Empa) , 9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chinde S, Poornachandra Y, Panyala A, Kumari SI, Yerramsetty S, Adicherla H, Grover P. Comparative study of cyto- and genotoxic potential with mechanistic insights of tungsten oxide nano- and microparticles in lung carcinoma cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:896-913. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Chinde
- Toxicology Unit; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Department of Genetics; Osmania University, Osmania University Main Road, Hyderabad; Telangana 500007 India
| | - Y. Poornachandra
- Toxicology Unit; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Archana Panyala
- Toxicology Unit; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Srinivas Indu Kumari
- Toxicology Unit; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Suresh Yerramsetty
- Flowcytometric Facility; Centre for Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Harikrishna Adicherla
- Electron Microscopy Facility; Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Habsiguda Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Paramjit Grover
- Toxicology Unit; Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahamed M, Khan MAM, Akhtar MJ, Alhadlaq HA, Alshamsan A. Ag-doping regulates the cytotoxicity of TiO 2 nanoparticles via oxidative stress in human cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17662. [PMID: 29247182 PMCID: PMC5732217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anticancer potential of Ag-doped (0.5-5%) anatase TiO2 NPs. Characterization study showed that dopant Ag was well-distributed on the surface of host TiO2 NPs. Size (15 nm to 9 nm) and band gap energy (3.32 eV to 3.15 eV) of TiO2 NPs were decreases with increasing the concentration of Ag dopant. Biological studies demonstrated that Ag-doped TiO2 NP-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells. The toxic intensity of TiO2 NPs was increases with increasing the amount of Ag-doping. The Ag-doped TiO2 NPs further found to provoke reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidants depletion. Toxicity induced by Ag-doped TiO2 NPs in HepG2 cells was efficiently abrogated by antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger). We also found that Ag-doped TiO2 NPs induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Interestingly, Ag-doped TiO2 NPs did not cause much toxicity to normal cells such as primary rat hepatocytes and human lung fibroblasts. Overall, we found that Ag-doped TiO2 NPs have potential to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. This study warranted further research on anticancer potential of Ag-doped TiO2 NPs in various types of cancer cells and in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saravanan M, Gopinath V, Chaurasia MK, Syed A, Ameen F, Purushothaman N. Green synthesis of anisotropic zinc oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial and cytofriendly properties. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:57-63. [PMID: 29248514 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) exhibit abundant biomedical applications. Anisotropic ZnONPs with a defined shape and size were synthesized using Bacillus megaterium (NCIM 2326) cell free extract as a bio-reductant. The study investigated the multidimensional effect of ZnONPs on Helicobacter pylori strains and assessed its biosafety in normal human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSc). The highly stable ZnONPs were produced using B. megaterium and Zinc nitrate as a precursor. The phase of ZnONPs formation and structural characterization were performed by UV- visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Furthermore, the ZnONPs exhibited higher biocompatibility against human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and proved to be potentially safe in mammalian cells. Corroborating the current investigation, we described the anti-H. Pylori dosage of ZnONPs was safe to hMSC and could efficiently use as nano-antibiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Saravanan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - V Gopinath
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Purushothaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and SRM Research Institue, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1825-1834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
A R, Jagadeesan S, Cho YJ, Lim JH, Choi KH. Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of ZnO quantum dots against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:551-560. [PMID: 28888009 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current trends in therapeutic research are the application of nanomaterial carriers for cancer therapy. One such molecule, ZnO, originally used in diagnosis and as a drug carrier, is gaining importance for its biological properties. Here, we report for the first time, the scope of ZnO QDs for enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Unlike other ZnO nanostructures, ZnO QDs are dispersed and small sized (8-10nm) which is believed to greatly increase the cellular uptake. Furthermore, the acidic tumor microenvironment attracts ZnO QDs enhancing targeted therapy while leaving normal cells less affected. Results from MTT assay demonstrated that ZnO QDs induced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at very low concentrations (10 and 15μg/ml) as compared to other reported ZnO nanostructures. HEK-293 cells showed less toxicity at these concentrations. Confocal microscope images from DAPI staining and TUNEL assay demonstrated that ZnO QDs induced nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. FACS results suggested ZnO QDs treatment induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in these cells. ZnO QDs drastically decreased the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 as seen from the results of the clonogenic and wound healing assays respectively. Furthermore, our data suggested that ZnO QDs regulated apoptosis via Bax and Bcl-2 proteins as validated by immunofluorescence and western blot. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that these ultra-small sized ZnO QDs destabilize cancer cells by using its acidic tumor microenvironment thereby inducing apoptosis and controlling the cell proliferation and migration at low dosages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini A
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Srikanth Jagadeesan
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Therapeutic targets in the selective killing of cancer cells by nanomaterials. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 469:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
47
|
Khim D, Lin YH, Nam S, Faber H, Tetzner K, Li R, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang X, Anthopoulos TD. Modulation-Doped In 2 O 3 /ZnO Heterojunction Transistors Processed from Solution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605837. [PMID: 28295712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the controlled growth of atomically sharp In2 O3 /ZnO and In2 O3 /Li-doped ZnO (In2 O3 /Li-ZnO) heterojunctions via spin-coating at 200 °C and assesses their application in n-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is shown that addition of Li in ZnO leads to n-type doping and allows for the accurate tuning of its Fermi energy. In the case of In2 O3 /ZnO heterojunctions, presence of the n-doped ZnO layer results in an increased amount of electrons being transferred from its conduction band minimum to that of In2 O3 over the interface, in a process similar to modulation doping. Electrical characterization reveals the profound impact of the presence of the n-doped ZnO layer on the charge transport properties of the isotype In2 O3 /Li-ZnO heterojunctions as well as on the operating characteristics of the resulting TFTs. By judicious optimization of the In2 O3 /Li-ZnO interface microstructure, and Li concentration, significant enhancement in both the electron mobility and TFT bias stability is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Khim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sungho Nam
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hendrik Faber
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kornelius Tetzner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kumar A, Rout L, Achary LSK, Mohanty SK, Dash P. A combustion synthesis route for magnetically separable graphene oxide–CuFe2O4–ZnO nanocomposites with enhanced solar light-mediated photocatalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02070h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel GO–CuFe2O4–ZnO ternary nanocomposite has been designed as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of four toxic organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Lipeeka Rout
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | | | | | - Priyabrat Dash
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nanotoxicity of cobalt induced by oxidant generation and glutathione depletion in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 40:94-101. [PMID: 28024936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There are very few studies regarding the biological activity of cobalt-based nanoparticles (NPs) and, therefore, the possible mechanism behind the biological response of cobalt NPs has not been fully explored. The present study was designed to explore the potential mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of cobalt NPs in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The shape and size of cobalt NPs were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The crystallinity of NPs was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dissolution of NPs was measured in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and culture media by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Cytotoxicity parameters, such as [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release suggested that cobalt NPs were toxic to MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (50-200μg/ml). Cobalt NPs also significantly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), mitochondrial outer membrane potential loss (MOMP), and activity of caspase-3 enzymes in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, cobalt NPs decreased intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) molecules. The exogenous supply of antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine in cobalt NP-treated cells restored the cellular GSH level and prevented cytotoxicity that was also confirmed by microscopy. Similarly, the addition of buthionine-[S, R]-sulfoximine, which interferes with GSH biosynthesis, potentiated cobalt NP-mediated toxicity. Our data suggested that low solubility cobalt NPs could exert toxicity in MCF-7 cells mainly through cobalt NP dissolution to Co2+.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM, Alhadlaq HA, Alshamsan A. Cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity and regulate the apoptotic genes through ROS in human liver cells (HepG2). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:665-673. [PMID: 27701048 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (CIO NPs) have been one of the most widely explored magnetic NPs because of their excellent chemical stability, mechanical hardness and heat generating potential. However, there is limited information concerning the interaction of CIO NPs with biological systems. In this study, we investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity and apoptotic response of CIO NPs in human liver cells (HepG2). Diameter of crystalline CIO NPs was found to be 23nm with a band gap of 1.97eV. CIO NPs induced cell viability reduction and membrane damage, and degree of induction was dose- and time-dependent. CIO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress revealed by induction of ROS, depletion of glutathione and lower activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme. Real-time PCR data has shown that mRNA level of tumor suppressor gene p53 and apoptotic genes (bax, CASP3 and CASP9) were higher, while the expression level of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 was lower in cells following exposure to CIO NPs. Activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymes was also higher in CIO NPs exposed cells. Furthermore, co-exposure of N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) efficiently abrogated the modulation of apoptotic genes along with the prevention of cytotoxicity caused by CIO NPs. Overall, we observed that CIO NPs induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ROS via p53 pathway. This study suggests that toxicity mechanisms of CIO NPs should be further investigated in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|