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Morisano D, Robinson M, Rush B, Linklater R. Conducting research with Indigenous Peoples in Canada: ethical and policy considerations. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1214121. [PMID: 38356990 PMCID: PMC10866143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1214121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The international context of Indigenous mental health and wellbeing has been shaped by a number of key works recognizing Indigenous rights. Despite international recognitions, the mental health and wellness of Indigenous Peoples continues to be negatively affected by policies that ignore Indigenous rights, that frame colonization as historical rather than ongoing, or that minimize the impact of assimilation. Research institutions have a responsibility to conduct ethical research; yet institutional guidelines, principles, and policies often serve Indigenous Peoples poorly by enveloping them into Western knowledge production. To counter epistemological domination, Indigenous Peoples assert their research sovereignty, which for the purposes of this paper we define as autonomous control over research conducted on Indigenous territory or involving Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous sovereignty might also be applied to research impacting the landscape and the web of animal and spiritual lives evoked in a phrase such as "all my relations." This narrative review of material developed in the Canadian context examines the alignment with similar work in the international context to offer suggestions and a practice-based implementation tool to support Indigenous sovereignty in research related to wellness, mental health, and substance use. The compilation of key guidelines and principles in this article is only a start; addressing deeper issues requires a research paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Morisano
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Robinson
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of English and Sociology & Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brian Rush
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renee Linklater
- Shkaabe Makwa, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Schneider M, Woodworth A, Ericson M, Boerger L, Denne S, Dillon P, Duguid P, Ghanem E, Hunt J, Li JS, McCoy R, Prokofieva N, Rodriguez V, Sparks C, Zaleski J, Xiang H. Distinguishing between translational science and translational research in CTSA pilot studies: A collaborative project across 12 CTSA hubs. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 8:e4. [PMID: 38384905 PMCID: PMC10877521 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The institutions (i.e., hubs) making up the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded network of Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) share a mission to turn observations into interventions to improve public health. Recently, the focus of the CTSAs has turned increasingly from translational research (TR) to translational science (TS). The current NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (PAR-21-293) for CTSAs stipulates that pilot studies funded through the CTSAs must be "focused on understanding a scientific or operational principle underlying a step of the translational process with the goal of developing generalizable solutions to accelerate translational research." This new directive places Pilot Program administrators in the position of arbiters with the task of distinguishing between TR and TS projects. The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of a set of TS principles set forth by NCATS for distinguishing between TR and TS. Methods Twelve CTSA hubs collaborated to generate a list of Translational Science Principles questions. Twenty-nine Pilot Program administrators used these questions to evaluate 26 CTSA-funded pilot studies. Results Factor analysis yielded three factors: Generalizability/Efficiency, Disruptive Innovation, and Team Science. The Generalizability/Efficiency factor explained the largest amount of variance in the questions and was significantly able to distinguish between projects that were verified as TS or TR (t = 6.92, p < .001) by an expert panel. Conclusions The seven questions in this factor may be useful for informing deliberations regarding whether a study addresses a question that aligns with NCATS' vision of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Schneider
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of
California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Woodworth
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of
California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marissa Ericson
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of
California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lindsie Boerger
- The Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott Denne
- The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana
University, Indianapolis, IN,
USA
| | - Pam Dillon
- The Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
VA, USA
| | - Paul Duguid
- The Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas Medical
Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Eman Ghanem
- Duke Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joe Hunt
- The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana
University, Indianapolis, IN,
USA
| | - Jennifer S. Li
- Duke Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Renee McCoy
- Clinical & Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Medical
College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,
USA
| | - Nadia Prokofieva
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vonda Rodriguez
- Duke Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Sparks
- The Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas Medical
Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Jeffrey Zaleski
- The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana
University, Indianapolis, IN,
USA
| | - Henry Xiang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Ragozin AV, Safonov AL, Grishin VV, Stochik AA. [WORLD EXPERIENCE: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR N. A. SEMASHKO HELPED ICELAND TO CREATE ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD. PART 2. PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONING OF THE ICELANDIC HEALTH SYSTEM]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2023; 31:1290-1296. [PMID: 38069900 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2023-31-s2-1290-1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Annotation. The review article is devoted to the healthcare system of Iceland, which demonstrates some of the best indicators of public health in the world at relatively low costs for a developed European country. The successful experience of Icelandic healthcare is important for Russia, on the one hand, due to the proximity of this country to many Russian regions in terms of climatic and geographical location, demography and territorial development. On the other hand, the success of Iceland's healthcare is closely linked to the development of a model, in many ways similar to the Soviet model of Nikolai Semashko, which Russia has abandoned. The authors believe that Iceland's experience can be used in the modernization of regional healthcare systems in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic, as well as Russian healthcare in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ragozin
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A L Safonov
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation,
| | - V V Grishin
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Stochik
- Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management at the Department of Healthcare of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
- FGBNU "N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health" of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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4
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Ragozin AV, Safonov AL, Grishin VV, Stochik AA. [WORLD EXPERIENCE: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR N. A. SEMASHKO HELPED ICELAND TO CREATE ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD. PART 1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2023; 31:1282-1289. [PMID: 38069899 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2023-31-s2-1282-1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Annotation. The review article is devoted to the healthcare system of Iceland, which demonstrates some of the best indicators of public health in the world at relatively low costs for a developed European country. The successful experience of Icelandic healthcare is important for Russia, on the one hand, due to the proximity of this country to many Russian regions in terms of climatic and geographical location, demography and territorial development. On the other hand, the success of Iceland's healthcare is closely linked to the development of a model, in many ways similar to the Soviet model of Nikolai Semashko, which Russia has abandoned. The authors believe that Iceland's experience can be used in the modernization of regional healthcare systems in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic, as well as Russian healthcare in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ragozin
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A L Safonov
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation,
| | - V V Grishin
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Stochik
- Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management at the Department of Healthcare of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
- FGBNU "N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health" of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Lecointre G, Aish A, Améziane N, Chekchak T, Goupil C, Grandcolas P, Vincent JFV, Sun JS. Revisiting Nature's "Unifying Patterns": A Biological Appraisal. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:362. [PMID: 37622967 PMCID: PMC10452652 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective bioinspiration requires dialogue between designers and biologists, and this dialogue must be rooted in a shared scientific understanding of living systems. To support learning from "nature's overarching design lessons" the Biomimicry Institute has produced ten "Unifying Patterns of Nature". These patterns have been developed to engage with those interested in finding biologically inspired solutions to human challenges. Yet, although well-intentioned and appealing, they are likely to dishearten biologists. The aim of this paper is to identify why and propose alternative principles based on evolutionary theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lecointre
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS MNHN SU EPHE UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Aish
- Bioinspire-Museum, Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche, l’Expertise, la Valorisation et l’Enseignement (DGD REVE), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 17, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Améziane
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS MNHN SU EPHE UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tarik Chekchak
- Institut des Futurs Souhaitables, 127 Avenue Ledru Rollin, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Goupil
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, Université Paris-Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS MNHN SU EPHE UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julian F. V. Vincent
- Nature Inspired Manufacturing Centre, School of Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jian-Sheng Sun
- Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, UMR 7196—U1154, MNHN CNRS INSERM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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Kay K, Metersky K, Smye V, McGrath C, Johnson K, Astell A, Sun W, Bartfay E. A scoping review to inform the development of dementia care competencies. Dementia (London) 2023:14713012231165568. [PMID: 36978250 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231165568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Health professionals and care partners of persons living with dementia have expressed that learning needs related to dementia care are a priority. There are currently a variety of training programs available in Ontario (Canada) to address aspects of dementia care, but no commonly accepted description of the core knowledge, skills, and abilities, (i.e., competencies) that should underpin dementia-related training and education in the province. The aim of this study was to review current evidence to inform the later development of competency statements describing the knowledge, skills and actions required for dementia care among care providers ranging from laypersons to health professionals. We also sought to validate existing dementia care principles and align new concepts to provide a useful organizing framework for future competency development. We distinguished between micro-, meso- and macro-level concepts to clarify the competencies required by individuals situated in different locations across the healthcare system, linking competency development in dementia care to broader system transformation. This review precedes the co-development of a holistic competency framework to guide approaches to dementia care training in Ontario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kay
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Provincial Geriatrics Leadership Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kateryna Metersky
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, 7984Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Smye
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, 6221Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen McGrath
- School of Occupational Therapy, 6221Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Arlene Astell
- Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, 6816University of Reading, Reading, UK
- DATE Lab, KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Winnie Sun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 85458Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Bartfay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 85458Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Gangata H, Vigurs K. Pedagogical principles used by anatomy teachers to facilitate the teaching and learning of anatomy to physiotherapy undergraduates in the United Kingdom. Clin Anat 2023. [PMID: 36896973 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The teaching of anatomy for physiotherapy differs from other health professions, and yet there is lack of guidance for the best practice in the literature, especially within the United Kingdom (UK). The present study aimed to provide the most effective pedagogical guidance for teaching a typical anatomy curriculum for a three-year BSc Physiotherapy degree program within the UK. The research design used a constructivist grounded theory where semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight registered physiotherapists teaching anatomy to undergraduate physiotherapy students within the UK. The study generated 72,292 words of qualitative data that were thematically analyzed using Saldaña's coding techniques until data saturation was reached. The results had three main components: a pedagogical backdrop composed of five pedagogical issues, pedagogical approaches with its three sub-components and pedagogical timings of phases of when anatomical teaching was conducted across the three undergraduate physiotherapy degree programs. The cognitive load theory (CLT) best explained the results through five main pedagogical principles: spiral curriculum strategies, visual anatomical imagery, kinesthetic anatomical skills, strategies for teaching clinical physiotherapy anatomy, and using anatomical principles for metacognition. The study proposes a new modified version of CLT which acknowledges that newly acquired knowledge is fragile in novice learners, who have limited long-term memory capacities, and subsequently require regular revisitations, and also acknowledges kinesthetic input and germane cognitive load metacognition strategies. The study recommends appointing anatomy theme leads to take responsibility for the spiral curriculum approach across the 3 years and to introduce explicit anatomy teaching during the later clinical years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Gangata
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Katy Vigurs
- School of Education and Social Work, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Che X, Wu J, Liu H, Su J, Chen X. Cellular liquid-liquid phase separation: Concept, functions, regulations, and detections. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:847-865. [PMID: 36870067 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation is a multicomponent system separated into phases with different compositions and structures. It has been identified and explored in organisms after being introduced from the thermodynamic field. Condensate, the product of phase separation, exists in different scales of cellular structures, such as nucleolus, stress granules, and other organelles in nuclei or cytoplasm. And also play critical roles in different cellular behaviors. Here, we review the concept, thermodynamical and biochemical principles of phase separation. We summarized the main functions including the adjustment of biochemical reaction rates, the regulation of macromolecule folding state, subcellular structural support, the mediation of subcellular location, and intimately linked to different kinds of diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Advanced detection methods to investigate phase separation are collected and analyzed. We conclude with the discussion of anxiety of phase separation, and thought about how progress can be made to develop precise detection methods and disclose the potential application of condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlin Che
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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McKenzie A. Principles for consumer involvement in health and medical research. Respirology 2023; 28:423-424. [PMID: 36782106 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne McKenzie
- Community Engagement Consultant, Perth Children's Hospital, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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O'Hara L, Taylor J. QATCHEPP: A quality assessment tool for critical health promotion practice. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1121932. [PMID: 37026119 PMCID: PMC10070830 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The origins of health promotion are based in critical practice; however, health promotion practice is still dominated by selective biomedical and behavioral approaches, which are insufficient to reduce health inequities resulting from the inequitable distribution of structural and systemic privilege and power. The Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model (RLCHPM), developed to enhance critical practice, includes values and principles that practitioners can use to critically reflect on health promotion practice. Existing quality assessment tools focus primarily on technical aspects of practice rather than the underpinning values and principles. The aim of this project was to develop a quality assessment tool to support critical reflection using the values and principles of critical health promotion. The purpose of the tool is to support the reorientation of health promotion practice toward a more critical approach. Research design We used Critical Systems Heuristics as the theoretical framework to develop the quality assessment tool. First, we refined the values and principles in the RLCHPM, then created critical reflective questions, refined the response categories, and added a scoring system. Results The Quality Assessment Tool for Critical Health Promotion Practice (QATCHEPP) includes 10 values and associated principles. Each value is a critical health promotion concept, and its associated principle provides a description of how the value is enacted in professional practice. QATCHEPP includes a set of three reflective questions for each value and associated principle. For each question, users score the practice as strongly, somewhat, or minimally/not at all reflective of critical health promotion practice. A percentage summary score is generated with 85% or above indicative of strongly critical practice, 50% ≤ 84% is somewhat critical practice, and < 50% minimally or does not reflect critical practice. Conclusion QATCHEPP provides theory-based heuristic support for practitioners to use critical reflection to assess the extent to which practice aligns with critical health promotion. QATCHEPP can be used as part of the Red Lotus Critical Promotion Model or as an independent quality assessment tool to support the orientation of health promotion toward critical practice. This is essential to ensure that health promotion practice contributes to enhancing health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily O'Hara
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Lily O'Hara
| | - Jane Taylor
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
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Pérez Jolles M, Willging CE, Stadnick NA, Crable EL, Lengnick-Hall R, Hawkins J, Aarons GA. Understanding implementation research collaborations from a co-creation lens: Recommendations for a path forward. Front Health Serv 2022; 2:942658. [PMID: 36908715 PMCID: PMC10003830 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.942658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing calls within the field of implementation science (IS) research seek to promote active engagement of diverse and often disenfranchised stakeholder voices to increase buy-in, fidelity, outcome relevance, and sustainment of evidence-based practices (EBPs). Including such voices requires cultural humility and the integration of multiple perspectives and values among organizations, groups, and individuals. However, the IS field lacks guidance for researchers on structuring collaborative approaches to promote a co-created process (i.e., synergistic approach to goal attainment). We contend that improved operationalization of co-created implementation collaborations is critical to sparking synergy and addressing differentials based on power, privilege, knowledge, and access to resources among stakeholders. These differentials can undermine future implementation and sustainment efforts if not addressed early in the research effort. An insufficient understanding of the guiding principles of co-created implementation collaborations may limit the scientific value of evaluation processes, and researchers' ability to replicate outcomes. We propose a perspective foregrounded in the concept of co-creation to guide the structuring of implementation collaboratives through five principles. We offer three case examples informed by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) Framework to illustrate the application of these co-creation principles. Lastly, we offer recommendations for promoting co-creation in IS research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez Jolles
- ACCORDS Dissemination and Implementation Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cathleen E. Willging
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation—Southwest Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Nicole A. Stadnick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Erika L. Crable
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jemma Hawkins
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A. Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
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12
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Huang C, Li Q, Li J. Site-specific genome editing in treatment of inherited diseases: possibility, progress, and perspectives. Med Rev (Berl) 2022; 2:471-500. [PMID: 37724161 PMCID: PMC10388762 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in genome editing enable permanent changes of DNA sequences in a site-specific manner, providing promising approaches for treating human genetic disorders caused by gene mutations. Recently, genome editing has been applied and achieved significant progress in treating inherited genetic disorders that remain incurable by conventional therapy. Here, we present a review of various programmable genome editing systems with their principles, advantages, and limitations. We introduce their recent applications for treating inherited diseases in the clinic, including sickle cell disease (SCD), β-thalassemia, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), etc. We also discuss the paradigm of ex vivo and in vivo editing and highlight the promise of somatic editing and the challenge of germline editing. Finally, we propose future directions in delivery, cutting, and repairing to improve the scope of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhang N, Wen S, Li Q, Gao Y, Yu X. Methods, principles, challenges, and perspectives of determining chloropropanols and their esters. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1632-1652. [PMID: 36066472 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chloropropanols and their esters are a group of food contaminants that have various toxicities to the human body. Research and control to chloropropanols and their esters is important to food safety. Therefore, the sensitive, accurate, precise, and effective determination of chloropropanols and their esters is highly essential to study their concentration, formation, and mitigation. The indirect method, commonly applied in the determination of chloropropanols and their esters, is based on the cleavage of ester bond, extraction, and derivatization. The conventional indirect method will still be the mostly used method in the near future due to its good sensitivity and feasibility, although its parameters need to be chosen and optimized according to sample stuffs and chloropropanol concentrations. Meanwhile, direct method and other quantitative methods should also be developed for special applications, such as studying the profile of chloropropanol esters and rapid screening protocol. The challenges and future perspectives of these methods are discussed in this review. This review can provide a reference on the selection, designation, and modification of methods for determining chloropropanols and their esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yancai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Shapiro M. Should "Psychodynamics" Cease to Exist? Psychodyn Psychiatry 2022; 50:449-452. [PMID: 36047790 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.3.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article considers the use of the term psychodynamics. I reflect on a recent exchange with a reviewer who suggested that the adjective psychodynamic is the preferred term, and I make a case for the importance of the noun form. The implication of the elimination of the noun form may have far-reaching unconscious meaning about the perception of psychodynamics, and whether psychodynamics exists only when there is conscious effort of its application, such as in outpatient psychotherapy. This has bearing on how psychodynamics is currently taught in training programs and perhaps the role of psychodynamics in larger practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shapiro
- Associate Professor at the University of Florida, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
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Ferraboschi C, Monroy-Gomez J, Gavin-Smith B, Beesabathuni K, Tshering P, Lingala S, Bainsla N, Amanquah D, Kumari P, van Zutphen KG, Kraemer K. Principles for Evidence-Based and Sustainable Food System Innovations for Healthier Diets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102003. [PMID: 35631141 PMCID: PMC9145425 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, rapid urbanization, war, and economic recession are key drivers of the current food systems’ disruption, which has been exacerbated by the COVID pandemic. Local, regional, and global food systems are unable to provide consumers with nutritious and affordable diets. Suboptimal diets exacerbate the triple burden of malnutrition, with micronutrient deficiencies affecting more than two billion people, two billion people suffering from overweight, and more than 140 million children who are stunted. The unaffordability of nutritious diets represents an obstacle for many, especially in low- and middle-income countries where healthy diets are five times more expensive than starchy staple diets. Food system transformations are urgently required to provide consumers with more affordable and nutritious diets that are capable of meeting social and environmental challenges. In this review, we underline the critical role of innovation within the food system transformation discourse. We aim to define principles for implementing evidence-based and long-term food system innovations that are economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable and, above all, aimed at improving diets and public health. We begin by defining and describing the role of innovation in the transformation of food systems and uncover the major barriers to implementing these innovations. Lastly, we explore case studies that demonstrate successful innovations for healthier diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferraboschi
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Jimena Monroy-Gomez
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Breda Gavin-Smith
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Kalpana Beesabathuni
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Puja Tshering
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Srujith Lingala
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Neha Bainsla
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Daniel Amanquah
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
| | - Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
- Department of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (C.F.); (J.M.-G.); (B.G.-S.); (K.B.); (P.T.); (S.L.); (N.B.); (D.A.); (P.K.); (K.G.v.Z.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Correspondence:
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Masterson D, Areskoug Josefsson K, Robert G, Nylander E, Kjellström S. Mapping definitions of co-production and co-design in health and social care: A systematic scoping review providing lessons for the future. Health Expect 2022; 25:902-913. [PMID: 35322510 PMCID: PMC9122425 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore how the concepts of co‐production and co‐design have been defined and applied in the context of health and social care and to identify the temporal adoption of the terms. Methods A systematic scoping review of CINAHL with Full Text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus was conducted to identify studies exploring co‐production or co‐design in health and social care. Data regarding date and conceptual definitions were extracted. From the 2933 studies retrieved, 979 articles were included in this review. Results A network map of the sixty most common definitions and—through exploration of citations—eight definition clusters and a visual representation of how they interconnect and have informed each other over time are presented. Additional findings were as follows: (i) an increase in research exploring co‐production and co‐design in health and social care contexts; (ii) an increase in the number of new definitions during the last decade, despite just over a third of included articles providing no definition or explanation for their chosen concept; and (iii) an increase in the number of publications using the terms co‐production or co‐design while not involving citizens/patients/service users. Conclusions Co‐production and co‐design are conceptualized in a wide range of ways. Rather than seeking universal definitions of these terms, future applied research should focus on articulating the underlying principles and values that need to be translated and explored in practice. Patient and Public Contribution The search strategy and pilot results were presented at a workshop in May 2019 with patient and public contributors and researchers. Discussion here informed our next steps. During the analysis phase of the review, informal discussions were held once a month with a patient who has experience in patient and public involvement. As this involvement was conducted towards the end of the review, we agreed together that inclusion as an author would risk being tokenistic. Instead, acknowledgements were preferred. The next phase involves working as equal contributors to explore the values and principles of co‐production reported within the most common definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Masterson
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Kristina Areskoug Josefsson
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Glenn Robert
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sofia Kjellström
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Voller S, Schellenberg J, Chi P, Thorogood N. What Makes Working Together Work? A Scoping Review of the Guidance on North-South Research Partnerships. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:523-534. [PMID: 35089994 PMCID: PMC9006068 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At their best, research partnerships provide a mechanism to optimize each partner’s strengths, make scientific discoveries and achieve development goals. Each partner stands to gain from the relationship and perceives it to be fair. However, partnerships between institutions in the global North and the global South have been beleaguered by structural inequalities and power imbalances, and Northern stakeholders have been criticized for perpetuating paternalistic or neo-colonial behaviours. As part of efforts to redress imbalances and achieve equity and mutual benefit, various principles, guidelines, frameworks and models for partnership have been developed. This scoping review maps the literature and summarizes key features of the guidelines for North–South research partnerships. The review was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021. Three academic journal databases and Google were searched, and additional resources were identified through a hand search of reference lists and expert recommendation. Twenty-two guidelines were identified published between 1994 and 2021 and originating predominantly in the fields of international development and global health. The themes addressed within the guidelines were aggregated using NVivo qualitative analysis software to code the content of each guideline. Topics featuring most prominently in the guidelines were: partner roles, responsibilities and ways of working; capacity strengthening; motivation and goals; resource contributions; agenda setting and study design; governance structures and institutional agreements; dissemination; respect for affected populations; data handling and ownership; funding and long-term commitments. The current study reinforces many of the themes from two recent scoping reviews specific to the field of global health, but gaps remain, which need to be addressed: Southern stakeholders continue to be under-represented in guideline development, and there is limited evidence of how guidelines are used in practice. Further exploration is needed of Southern stakeholder priorities and whether and how guidelines are operationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine Voller
- *Corresponding author. Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK. E-mail:
| | - Joanna Schellenberg
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Primus Chi
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nicki Thorogood
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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Abstract
After briefly sketching common-morality principlism, as presented in Principles of Biomedical Ethics, this paper responds to two recent sets of challenges to this framework. The first challenge claims that medical ethics is autonomous and unique and thus not a form of, or justified or guided by, a common morality or by any external morality or moral theory. The second challenge denies that there is a common morality and insists that futile efforts to develop common-morality approaches to bioethics limit diversity and prevent needed moral change. This paper argues that these two critiques fundamentally fail because they significantly misunderstand their target and because their proposed alternatives have major deficiencies and encounter insurmountable problems.
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19
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Dai Y, Yang B, Li X, Shao P, Wang X, Wang F, Ding C, Yang F. First- principles study of bipolar resistive memories based on monolayer α-GeTe. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:475701. [PMID: 34384054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1d04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the electrical properties of monolayerα-GeTe (MLα-GeTe) based on first-principles were studied, in which armchairα-GeTe shows an ohmic current-voltage relationship and zigzagα-GeTe shows an obvious nonlinear current. The potential distribution and band structure explain the mechanism for the anisotropy and nonlinearity. Then, based on calculation of the binding energy and Mulliken population, eight interface structures between graphene (GR) and MLα-GeTe were constructed, in which GC3 and TC3 were found to be relatively stable. Next, GR/MLα-GeTe/GR was established based on the two interfaces (GC3 and TC3). The current-voltage (IV) characteristics were calculated to show that the device has bipolar resistance characteristics, suitable set and reset voltages and a high window value (104). Further analysis of electron density inferred that the resistance mechanism was based on the drift of Te vacancies forming conductive filaments. And the performance of GR/MLα-GeTe/GR was found to be improved by the creation of Te vacancies. This work indicates that GR/MLα-GeTe/GR has the potential to be used to build resistive random access memory (RRAM) with good performance and may be instructive and valuable for the manufacture and application of RRAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Dai
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shao
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ding
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
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Kumar V, Aranha V, Rajgarhia R, Royal A, Mehta K. Expanded principles of ethics and its implementation during COVID-19 vaccine trials: A scoping evidence based research synthesis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3843-3849. [PMID: 34264174 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1947101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic will subside only through the emergence and distribution of an efficacious vaccine. The two main aspects that should be maintained in equilibrium: the dire necessity for speedy vaccine research and the need for safeguarding the research subjects, which is of utmost concern in research ethics. This opens up a discussion of what norms to follow during the clinical trials while developing the vaccine. As of now, various companies like Moderna, Pfizer, University of Oxford, Astra-Zeneca and so on have moved beyond the safety, efficacy and immunogenic studies. This narrative review explores and discusses the key principles of ethics: a principle of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice along with its ten general expanded principles. Furthermore, it delves into the different types of vaccines, their mechanisms, side effects, limitations, and advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT'S Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venetia Aranha
- TPCT's Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Abhishek Royal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health & Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kedar Mehta
- Community Medicine Department, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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21
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Ailani J, Burch RC, Robbins MS. The American Headache Society Consensus Statement: Update on integrating new migraine treatments into clinical practice. Headache 2021; 61:1021-1039. [PMID: 34160823 DOI: 10.1111/head.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To incorporate recent research findings, expert consensus, and patient perspectives into updated guidance on the use of new acute and preventive treatments for migraine in adults. BACKGROUND The American Headache Society previously published a Consensus Statement on the use of newly introduced treatments for adults with migraine. This update, which is based on the expanded evidence base and emerging expert consensus concerning postapproval usage, provides practical recommendations in the absence of a formal guideline. METHODS This update involved four steps: (1) review of data about the efficacy, safety, and clinical use of migraine treatments introduced since the previous Statement was published; (2) incorporation of these data into a proposed update; (3) review and commentary by the Board of Directors of the American Headache Society and patients and advocates associated with the American Migraine Foundation; (4) consideration of these collective insights and integration into an updated Consensus Statement. RESULTS Since the last Consensus Statement, no evidence has emerged to alter the established principles of either acute or preventive treatment. Newly introduced acute treatments include two small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists (ubrogepant, rimegepant); a serotonin (5-HT1F ) agonist (lasmiditan); a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (celecoxib oral solution); and a neuromodulatory device (remote electrical neuromodulation). New preventive treatments include an intravenous anti-CGRP ligand monoclonal antibody (eptinezumab). Several modalities, including neuromodulation (electrical trigeminal nerve stimulation, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation) and biobehavioral therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, relaxation therapies, mindfulness-based therapies, acceptance and commitment therapy) may be appropriate for either acute and/or preventive treatment; a neuromodulation device may be appropriate for acute migraine treatment only (remote electrical neuromodulation). CONCLUSIONS The integration of new treatments into clinical practice should be informed by the potential for benefit relative to established therapies, as well as by the characteristics and preferences of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ailani
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Burch
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Korotcenkov G. Electrospun Metal Oxide Nanofibers and Their Conductometric Gas Sensor Application. Part 1: Nanofibers and Features of Their Forming. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1544. [PMID: 34208104 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun metal oxide nanofibers, due to their unique structural and electrical properties, are now being considered as materials with great potential for gas sensor applications. This critical review attempts to assess the feasibility of these perspectives. The article in Part 1 discusses the basic principles of electrospinning and the features of the formation of metal oxide nanofibers using this method. Approaches to optimization of nanofibers’ parameters important for gas sensor application are also considered.
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Dolan G, Benson G, Bowyer A, Eichler H, Hermans C, Jiménez-Yuste V, Ljung R, Pollard D, Santagostino E, Šalek SZ. Principles of care for acquired hemophilia. Eur J Haematol 2021; 106:762-773. [PMID: 33527471 PMCID: PMC8252574 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish clear priorities for the care of patients with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) by proposing 10 key principles of practical, holistic AHA management. Method These principles were developed by the Zürich Haemophilia Forum, an expert panel of European hemophilia specialists comprising physicians and nursing and laboratory specialists. Results The 10 proposed principles for AHA care are as follows: (a) Improving initial diagnosis of AHA; (b) Differential diagnosis of AHA: laboratory assessment of patients with unusual bleeding; (c) Effective communication between laboratories, physicians, and specialists; (d) Improving clinical care: networking between healthcare professionals in the treating hospital and specialist hemophilia centers; (e) Comprehensive assessment of bleeding; (f) Appropriate use of bypassing agents; (g) Long‐term follow‐up and monitoring for efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive treatment; (h) Inpatient/outpatient settings; (i) Access to innovative and disruptive treatments; (j) Promotion of international collaborative research. Conclusion The proposed principles for holistic AHA care aim to ensure swift diagnosis and optimal patient management. Key to achieving this goal is training for healthcare personnel in non‐specialist hospitals and collaboration between different specialists. We hope these principles will increase awareness of AHA in the wider medical community and catalyze efforts toward improving its practical, multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Dolan
- Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gary Benson
- Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Annette Bowyer
- Department of Coagulation, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hermann Eichler
- Institute of Clinical Haemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, University and University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cedric Hermans
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Division of Haematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victor Jiménez-Yuste
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Unidad de Coagulopatías, Servicio de Hematología, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rolf Ljung
- Department of Clinical Sciences - Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Debra Pollard
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia & Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elena Santagostino
- Fondazione IRCCS Cá Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Silva Zupančić Šalek
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Osijek and Medical School University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Huseynov S, Palma MA, Nayga RM. General Public Preferences for Allocating Scarce Medical Resources During COVID-19. Front Public Health 2020; 8:587423. [PMID: 33363084 PMCID: PMC7759519 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has overwhelmed healthcare systems across the globe with an unprecedented surge in the demand for hospitalizations. Consequently, many hospitals are facing precarious conditions due to limited capacity, especially in the provision of ventilators. The governing ethical principles of medical practice delineated in (1) favor prioritizing younger patients, largely because of their relatively higher expected life years. We conduct a survey of the general public in the United States to elicit their preferences for the allocation of a limited number of ventilators. The results show that the general public views align with the established ethical principles, which favor younger patients. JEL Classification: C91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Huseynov
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Marco A. Palma
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Samuels A. Dispute between the family of the very seriously ill patient and the doctors. Med Leg J 2020; 88:22-25. [PMID: 32437237 DOI: 10.1177/0025817220923669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The decided cases on disputes between the doctor and the family of the patient. A consideration of the relevant factors, such as the prognosis, the quality of life, the wishes of the patient, the tolerability of the patient, futility, dignity. Discussion of possible alternatives, such as wait and see. Ultimately the best interests of the patient must prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Fady Gh Haddad
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Michel Scheuer
- Ethical Committee of Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Roland Tomb
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, 11-5076, Lebanon
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Heilbrun K, Burke SC, NeMoyer A, Durham K, Desai A. A Principles-Based Analysis of Change in Forensic Mental Health Assessment During a Global Pandemic. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2020; 48:293-301. [PMID: 32748791 DOI: 10.29158/jaapl.200039-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Heilbrun
- Dr. Heilbrun is Professor; Ms. Burke, Ms. Durham, and Ms. Desai are Doctoral Candidates; and Dr. NeMoyer is Assistant Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Stephanie C Burke
- Dr. Heilbrun is Professor; Ms. Burke, Ms. Durham, and Ms. Desai are Doctoral Candidates; and Dr. NeMoyer is Assistant Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda NeMoyer
- Dr. Heilbrun is Professor; Ms. Burke, Ms. Durham, and Ms. Desai are Doctoral Candidates; and Dr. NeMoyer is Assistant Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kelley Durham
- Dr. Heilbrun is Professor; Ms. Burke, Ms. Durham, and Ms. Desai are Doctoral Candidates; and Dr. NeMoyer is Assistant Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alisha Desai
- Dr. Heilbrun is Professor; Ms. Burke, Ms. Durham, and Ms. Desai are Doctoral Candidates; and Dr. NeMoyer is Assistant Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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Palmieri C, Palmer D, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Turtle L. Cancer datasets and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: establishing principles for collaboration. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000825. [PMID: 32457054 PMCID: PMC7252983 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lance Turtle
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Fenech ME, Buston O. AI in Cardiac Imaging: A UK-Based Perspective on Addressing the Ethical, Social, and Political Challenges. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:54. [PMID: 32351974 PMCID: PMC7174604 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging and cardiology are the healthcare domains which have seen the greatest number of FDA approvals for novel data-driven technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in recent years. The increasing use of such data-driven technologies in healthcare is presenting a series of important challenges to healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and patients. In this paper, we review ten ethical, social, and political challenges raised by these technologies. These range from relatively pragmatic concerns about data acquisition to potentially more abstract issues around how these technologies will impact the relationships between practitioners and their patients, and between healthcare providers themselves. We describe what is being done in the United Kingdom to identify the principles that should guide AI development for health applications, as well as more recent efforts to convert adherence to these principles into more practical policy. We also consider the approaches being taken by healthcare organizations and regulators in the European Union, the United States, and other countries. Finally, we discuss ways by which researchers and frontline clinicians, in cardiac imaging and more broadly, can ensure that these technologies are acceptable to their patients.
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Maier M, Ballester BR, Verschure PFMJ. Principles of Neurorehabilitation After Stroke Based on Motor Learning and Brain Plasticity Mechanisms. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:74. [PMID: 31920570 PMCID: PMC6928101 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
What are the principles underlying effective neurorehabilitation? The aim of neurorehabilitation is to exploit interventions based on human and animal studies about learning and adaptation, as well as to show that the activation of experience-dependent neuronal plasticity augments functional recovery after stroke. Instead of teaching compensatory strategies that do not reduce impairment but allow the patient to return home as soon as possible, functional recovery might be more sustainable as it ensures a long-term reduction in impairment and an improvement in quality of life. At the same time, neurorehabilitation permits the scientific community to collect valuable data, which allows inferring about the principles of brain organization. Hence neuroscience sheds light on the mechanisms of learning new functions or relearning lost ones. However, current rehabilitation methods lack the exact operationalization of evidence gained from skill learning literature, leading to an urgent need to bridge motor learning theory and present clinical work in order to identify a set of ingredients and practical applications that could guide future interventions. This work aims to unify the neuroscientific literature relevant to the recovery process and rehabilitation practice in order to provide a synthesis of the principles that constitute an effective neurorehabilitation approach. Previous attempts to achieve this goal either focused on a subset of principles or did not link clinical application to the principles of motor learning and recovery. We identified 15 principles of motor learning based on existing literature: massed practice, spaced practice, dosage, task-specific practice, goal-oriented practice, variable practice, increasing difficulty, multisensory stimulation, rhythmic cueing, explicit feedback/knowledge of results, implicit feedback/knowledge of performance, modulate effector selection, action observation/embodied practice, motor imagery, and social interaction. We comment on trials that successfully implemented these principles and report evidence from experiments with healthy individuals as well as clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maier
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio Ballester
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul F. M. J. Verschure
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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Yan L, Zhao F, Wang J, Zu Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. A Safe-by-Design Strategy towards Safer Nanomaterials in Nanomedicines. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1805391. [PMID: 30701603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The marriage of nanotechnology and medicine offers new opportunities to fight against human diseases. Benefiting from their unique optical, thermal, magnetic, or redox properties, a wide range of nanomaterials have shown potential in applications such as diagnosis, drug delivery, or tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the considerable success achieved over the past decades, the newly emerging nanomedicines still suffer from an incomplete understanding of their safety risks, and of the relationships between their physicochemical characteristics and safety profiles. Herein, the most important categories of nanomaterials with clinical potential and their toxicological mechanisms are summarized, and then, based on this available information, an overview of the principles in developing safe-by-design nanomaterials for medical applications and of the recent progress in this field is provided. These principles may serve as a starting point to guide the development of more effective safe-by-design strategies and to help identify the major knowledge and skill gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Zu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
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Berry SA, Coughlin CR, McCandless S, McCarter R, Seminara J, Yudkoff M, LeMons C. Developing interactions with industry in rare diseases: lessons learned and continuing challenges. Genet Med 2019; 22:219-226. [PMID: 31337884 PMCID: PMC6944635 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the Rare Diseases
Clinical Research Network to address the unique challenges of performing research on
rare diseases. The Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) was one of the original
ten consortia established. The UCDC represents a unique partnership among
clinicians, patients, and the NIH with a primary goal of increasing the development
of therapeutics that improve patient outcomes for persons affected with a UCD. Based
in part on financial incentives associated with the Orphan Drug Act
biopharmaceutical and investment entities have an intense interest in engaging with
research consortia like the UCDC, which have compiled potentially valuable
longitudinal data characterizing outcomes in a relatively large number of affected
individuals. We describe the UCDC experience and the bases for evaluating
partnerships with such private entities. We review early industry interactions, the
development of policies and procedures, and describe the establishment of an
Industry Relations Committee, including guiding principles. Challenges encountered,
particularly in the transition when products are approved, and potential solutions
are discussed. By building a framework for industry partnerships that guides us in
resolving inevitable challenges, we can enthusiastically pursue novel and promising
collaborations that can lead to breakthroughs in therapeutic interventions for
patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Berry
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Curtis R Coughlin
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shawn McCandless
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert McCarter
- Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Seminara
- Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Yudkoff
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia LeMons
- National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Gaboardi M, Lenzi M, Disperati F, Santinello M, Vieno A, Tinland A, Vargas-Moniz MJ, Spinnewijn F, O'Shaughnessy BR, Wolf JR, Bokszczanin A, Bernad R, Beijer U, Ornelas J, Shinn M, Consortium Study Group HE. Goals and Principles of Providers Working with People Experiencing Homelessness: A Comparison Between Housing First and Traditional Staircase Services in Eight European Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16091590. [PMID: 31067661 PMCID: PMC6539657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The implementation and adaptation of the Housing First (HF) model represented profound changes the structure and delivery, goals, and principles of homeless services. These features of homeless services directly influence providers, their work performance and the clients’ outcomes. The present research, conducted in eight European countries, investigated how social providers working in HF or TS (Traditional Staircase) describe and conceptualize the goals and the principles of their services. Data were collected through 29 focus group discussions involving 121 providers. The results showed that HF and TS had similar and different goals for their clients in the following areas: support, social integration, satisfaction of needs, housing, and well-being. HF providers emphasized clients’ autonomy and ability to determine their personal goals, with housing being considered a start on the path of recovery, while TS were more focused on individual clients’ basic needs with respect to food, health and finding temporary accommodations. HF providers privileged the person-centered approach and housing as a right, while TS providers were more focused on helping everyone. Implications of the results are discussed as suggestions both for practice and for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gaboardi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesca Disperati
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Massimo Santinello
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Aurélie Tinland
- Department of Research and Innovation, Support Unit for clinical research and economic evaluation, Assistance Publique⁻Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Maria J Vargas-Moniz
- APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa 1149-041, Portugal.
| | - Freek Spinnewijn
- FEANTSA, European Federation of National Organisations Working with the Homeless, Bruxelles 1210, Belgique.
| | | | - Judith R Wolf
- Impuls-Netherlands Center for Social Care Research, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Bokszczanin
- Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | | | - Ulla Beijer
- STAD, Stockholm Center for Psychiatry Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 113 64, Sweden.
| | - José Ornelas
- APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa 1149-041, Portugal.
| | - Marybeth Shinn
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Cousins E, Tischler V, Garabedian C, Dening T. Principles and features to define and describe arts interventions for people with dementia: a qualitative realist study. Arts Health 2019; 11:202-218. [PMID: 31038435 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2018.1490787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is currently no consensus regarding the definition and description of arts interventions for people with dementia. Developing a common language of classification will encourage reflection on artistic practice, support the evaluation and improvement of arts interventions, and enable their benefits to be communicated more effectively. Methods: Using a qualitative framework derived from taxonomy and realist methodology, a literature review was undertaken to identify what key principles underpin arts interventions. This analysis was complemented by focus groups and workshops incorporating the lived experience of carers, artists, practitioners and care staff. Results: Nine principles were identified as elements present in person-centred arts interventions for people with dementia: Animation, Transcendence, Selfhood, Humanity, Expression, Connection, Possibility, Involvement and Awareness. Conclusions: It is possible to identify the component parts of arts interventions for people with dementia. These principles form an empirical basis for understanding how arts interventions work, while still respecting their individual nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cousins
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Victoria Tischler
- College of Nursing Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West , London , UK
| | - Claire Garabedian
- The Association for Dementia Studies, Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester , Worcester , UK
| | - Tom Dening
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.,Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
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American Headache Society. The American Headache Society Position Statement On Integrating New Migraine Treatments Into Clinical Practice. Headache 2019; 59:1-18. [PMID: 30536394 DOI: 10.1111/head.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide healthcare professionals with updated guidance in the use of novel preventive and acute treatments for migraine in adults. BACKGROUND The principles of preventive and acute pharmacotherapy for patients with migraine have been outlined previously, but the emergence of new technologies and treatments, as well as new formulations of previously established treatments, has created a need for an updated guidance on the preventive and acute treatment of migraine. METHODS This statement is based on a review of existing guidelines and principles for preventive and acute treatment of migraine, as well as the results of recent clinical trials of drugs and devices for these indications. Input was sought from health insurance providers, employers, pharmacy benefit service companies, device manufacturers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, patients, and patient advocates. Expert clinicians and researchers in the field of headache medicine from across North America and the European Union provided input and feedback. RESULTS The principles of pharmacologic preventive treatment of migraine with oral treatments have been as follows: use evidence-based treatments when possible and appropriate; start with a low dose and titrate slowly; reach a therapeutic dose if possible; allow for an adequate treatment trial duration; establish expectations of therapeutic response and adverse events; and maximize adherence. Newer injectable treatments may work faster and may not need titration. The principles of acute treatment include: use evidence-based treatments when possible and appropriate; treat early after the onset of a migraine attack; choose a nonoral route of administration for selected patients; account for tolerability and safety issues; consider self-administered rescue treatments; and avoid overuse of acute medications. Neuromodulation and biobehavioral therapy may be appropriate for preventive and acute treatment, depending on the needs of individual patients. Neuromodulation may be useful for patients who prefer nondrug therapies or who respond poorly, cannot tolerate, or have contraindications to pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS This statement updates prior recommendations and outlines the indications for initiating, continuing, combining, and switching preventive and acute treatments of migraine.
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Westin A. 'Despite Circumstance': The Principles of Medical Ethics and the Role of Hope. New Bioeth 2018; 24:258-267. [PMID: 30015576 DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2018.1487703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, I will examine how the role of hope can inform our interpretation of the classical principles of medical ethics. Defining hope as a future-oriented expectation for the good, I will look at how it can shape our understanding of justice, beneficence, respect for autonomy and non-maleficence. I will suggest that ethically engaging with these principles in medical practice requires placing value on the patient-practitioner relation as a mode of hope. Engaging the writings of Emmanuel Lévinas and Søren Kierkegaard, I will show how hope reveals itself through responsible and expectant relationship, even in the midst of suffering.
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Brew BJ. Introduction to HIV infection and HIV neurology. Handb Clin Neurol 2018; 152:1-2. [PMID: 29604969 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In this introductory chapter the impact of combination antiretriviral therapy is discussed. Three different "types" of HIV infection are described according to medication adherence and efficacy. Next, general principles of HIV related neurologic complications are defined. Last, a clinical approach to the HIV infected patient with a neurologic complication is then detailed.
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Siegel R. Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair With a Simple Assymetric Z-plasty. Eplasty 2018; 18:ic12. [PMID: 30023039 PMCID: PMC6036684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this case report is to provide an example of the repair of a complete unilateral cleft lip using a modification of the classic Z-plasty. Methods: A Z-plasty for cleft lip is described that does not depend on measurements and formulas. The tissue available on the lateral lip "unit" determines the limb length of the Z: from cupid's bow to the highest point of "good" lip skin. This length is then transposed to the medial side, scribing an arc from both cupid's bows. Where the arcs intersect determines length and direction of the releasing incision. The angles are not predetermined as in a classic Z. The incisions are made "on block" through skin, muscle, and mucosa. Flap transposition uprights the isosceles triangle-shaped philtrum, aligning the cupid's bows. Results: All degrees of unilateral cleft lips have been successfully repaired using this technique. The operation is simple, rapid, and dependable. There is minimal bleeding, as there is no muscle dissection. On both medial and lateral sides, the muscle is transposed toward the free border, that is, downward. Achieving downward rotation of cupid's bows along with the philtrum dimple provides attractive fullness and pout to the lower part of the upper lip. Fullness and length are permanently maintained by the medially based flap under the nose. Conclusions: The Z-plasty is well suited for unilateral cleft lip repair. It is especially useful for wide, complete cases but is applicable to all types of unilateral cleft lips. It is a simple, fast, and stable repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Siegel
- Plastic Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu,Correspondence:
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Hughes F, Hebel L, Badcock P, Parker AG. Ten guiding principles for youth mental health services. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:513-519. [PMID: 28402028 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Guiding principles are arguably central to the development of any health service. The aim of this article is to report on the outcomes of a youth mental health (YMH) community of practice (CoP), which identified a range of guiding principles that provide a clear point of comparison for the only other set of principles for YMH service delivery proposed to date. METHODS A YMH CoP was established in 2010 as part of the Victorian State Government approach to improving YMH care. An initial literature search was undertaken to locate articles on YMH service delivery. A number of common themes were identified, which the YMH community of practice (YMHCoP) members then elaborated upon by drawing from their collective experience of the YMH sector. The resultant themes were then refined through subsequent group discussions to derive a definitive set of guiding principles. These principles were then augmented by a second literature search conducted in July 2015. RESULTS Fifteen key themes were derived from the initial literature search and YMH CoP discussions. These were refined by the YMH CoP to produce 10 guiding principles for YMH service development. These are discussed through reference to the relevant literature, using the only other article on principles of YMH service delivery as a notable point of comparison. CONCLUSION The 10 principles identified may be useful for quality improvement and are likely to have international relevance. We suggest the timely pursuit of an international consensus on guiding principles for service delivery under the auspices of a peak body for YMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hughes
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Hebel
- North-Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Badcock
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Abstract
Efficient and economical herd management depends a great deal on maintaining a short, well-defined calving season. This requires highly fertile females and bulls. Low pregnancy rates are very noticeable, however; potentially greater economic loss may be due to delayed conception. Many studies showed that approximately one of every five bulls had inadequate semen quality, physical soundness, or both, but when evaluation of serving capacity is included about one in four bulls is unsatisfactory. Due mainly to the time and expense that the market will bear, usually only physical soundness and semen quality are evaluated. Breeding soundness evaluation is a useful, low-cost screening method for reducing the risk of using low fertility bulls. The biggest problem with breeding soundness evaluations is not our lack of knowledge or ability, but in the willingness of veterinary schools to provide adequate equipment and training in this area, a lack of diagnostic laboratories equipped to handle the more difficult cases and, most importantly, the weaknesses of human nature that result in negligent testing procedure.
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Abstract
It is important for health professionals to have an ethical framework to help take decisions regarding psychosocial interventions in patients with addictive disorders. As patients with addictive disorders are vulnerable to unethical actions in the name of treatment, therapists need to aware of their role in delivering ethical care - not just in their own clinical practice but in the setting in which they deliver the interventions. This article aims to sensitize the health professional to the various arenas in which ethical challenges may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Simon Kurpad
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medical Ethics, St Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Benford D, Halldorsson T, Jeger MJ, Knutsen HK, More S, Naegeli H, Noteborn H, Ockleford C, Ricci A, Rychen G, Schlatter JR, Silano V, Solecki R, Turck D, Younes M, Craig P, Hart A, Von Goetz N, Koutsoumanis K, Mortensen A, Ossendorp B, Germini A, Martino L, Merten C, Mosbach-Schulz O, Smith A, Hardy A. The principles and methods behind EFSA's Guidance on Uncertainty Analysis in Scientific Assessment. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05122. [PMID: 32625670 PMCID: PMC7009645 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the general requirement for transparency in EFSA's work, all its scientific assessments must consider uncertainty. Assessments must say clearly and unambiguously what sources of uncertainty have been identified and what is their impact on the assessment conclusion. This applies to all EFSA's areas, all types of scientific assessment and all types of uncertainty affecting assessment. This current Opinion describes the principles and methods supporting a concise Guidance Document on Uncertainty in EFSA's Scientific Assessment, published separately. These documents do not prescribe specific methods for uncertainty analysis but rather provide a flexible framework within which different methods may be selected, according to the needs of each assessment. Assessors should systematically identify sources of uncertainty, checking each part of their assessment to minimise the risk of overlooking important uncertainties. Uncertainty may be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. It is neither necessary nor possible to quantify separately every source of uncertainty affecting an assessment. However, assessors should express in quantitative terms the combined effect of as many as possible of identified sources of uncertainty. The guidance describes practical approaches. Uncertainty analysis should be conducted in a flexible, iterative manner, starting at a level appropriate to the assessment and refining the analysis as far as is needed or possible within the time available. The methods and results of the uncertainty analysis should be reported fully and transparently. Every EFSA Panel and Unit applied the draft Guidance to at least one assessment in their work area during a trial period of one year. Experience gained in this period resulted in improved guidance. The Scientific Committee considers that uncertainty analysis will be unconditional for EFSA Panels and staff and must be embedded into scientific assessment in all areas of EFSA's work.
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Mota N, Chaves E, Antunes M, Borges R, Paiva A, Santos V. Contextualized Contribution of Kindness to Favorable Goal- and Circumstantial-Driven Neuropsychological Regulation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1643. [PMID: 29018378 PMCID: PMC5623185 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindness involves care and non-judgmental understanding toward someone. As a prosocial inclination, kindness would increase the possibility of favorable interaction with the environment, with a successful adjustment of one's response in novel or challenging circumstances, taking into account rules or goals. This adjustment ability is commonly referred to as executive functions, dependent on the prefrontal and parietal functioning, still under development during late adolescence. This study aimed to investigate if kindness would relate with the executive functions. If so, it would correlate more with measures of self-regulation, mainly dependent on the medial prefrontal corticosubcortical circuits. Also, among self-regulating processes, kindness would be more associated with autonomic responses—choices guided by one's understanding/intention - than with adaptive responses—changes on one's choices triggered by unfavorable circumstances. A sample of 46 (31 female; 18 to 21 years-old) healthy college students from the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro attended a clinical interview and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Kindness was measured by the Compassion Scale subscore. Generalized non-linear models for each neuropsychological variable were executed on R, followed by an estimation of weighted parameters for each factor. Significant models which included kindness (weighted parameter Pc > 74) and all of their psychosocial or sociodemographic factors on their maximum expression (Pc > 74) were identified. In a contextualized joint influence with other psychosocial and sociodemographic factors, kindness fits equally goal- and circumstantial- self-regulation, as well as integrative organization of information. Kindness is a principle that optimizes a refreshing and prosocial interaction with the environment. As it anticipates sharing and cooperation behaviors, it might have a primordial function on individual and social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Mota
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elenilda Chaves
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Antunes
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudi Borges
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Paiva
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Religion is increasingly significant in UK society, and is highly significant for many patients and primary care practitioners. An important task for the practitioner is to ensure that the place of religion in the patient/practitioner relationship is treated with the same ethical seriousness as every other aspect of that relationship. The article finds the 'four principles of biomedical ethics' to be applicable, and recent GMC guidelines to be consistent with the four principles. The article applies the four principles to the particular case of practitioners wearing religious symbolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Torry
- Social Policy Department, London School of Economics, London, UK
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45
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Wiblin L, Sleeman I, Burn D. Embarking on a research project…or research for the absolute novice. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2016; 46:182-186. [PMID: 27959355 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2016.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research can be a difficult area for the novice to break into. A number of different obstacles face the new researcher, starting with selecting a suitable supervisor, writing a workable protocol and obtaining permissions from all the relevant organisations. This beginner's guide walks the fledging researcher through the required steps, including formulating a research question, designing a protocol and completing the Integrated Research Application System form to obtain the required permissions. The aim is to demystify the terms used in research and expose some of the pitfalls the authors experienced so that others can avoid them! Although challenges can arise throughout the research process, we aim to help you get underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wiblin
- L Wiblin, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, E-mail
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46
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Boger J, Jackson P, Mulvenna M, Sixsmith J, Sixsmith A, Mihailidis A, Kontos P, Miller Polgar J, Grigorovich A, Martin S. Principles for fostering the transdisciplinary development of assistive technologies. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2016; 12:480-490. [PMID: 27052793 DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2016.1151953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing useful and usable assistive technologies often presents complex (or "wicked") challenges that require input from multiple disciplines and sectors. Transdisciplinary collaboration can enable holistic understanding of challenges that may lead to innovative, impactful and transformative solutions. This paper presents generalised principles that are intended to foster transdisciplinary assistive technology development. The paper introduces the area of assistive technology design before discussing general aspects of transdisciplinary collaboration followed by an overview of relevant concepts, including approaches, methodologies and frameworks for conducting and evaluating transdisciplinary working and assistive technology design. The principles for transdisciplinary development of assistive technologies are presented and applied post hoc to the COACH project, an ambient-assisted living technology for guiding completion of activities of daily living by older adults with dementia as an illustrative example. Future work includes the refinement and validation of these principles through their application to real-world transdisciplinary assistive technology projects. Implications for rehabilitation Transdisciplinarity encourages a focus on real world 'wicked' problems. A transdisciplinary approach involves transcending disciplinary boundaries and collaborating with interprofessional and community partners (including the technology's intended users) on a shared problem. Transdisciplinarity fosters new ways of thinking about and doing research, development, and implementation, expanding the scope, applicability, and commercial viability of assistive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Boger
- a Toronto Rehabilitation Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , 500 University Ave , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Piper Jackson
- c Gerontology Research Centre , Simon Fraser University , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Maurice Mulvenna
- d School of Computing and Mathematics , Ulster University , Newtownabbey , UK
| | - Judith Sixsmith
- e Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Northampton , Northampton , UK
| | - Andrew Sixsmith
- c Gerontology Research Centre , Simon Fraser University , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Alex Mihailidis
- a Toronto Rehabilitation Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , 500 University Ave , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Pia Kontos
- a Toronto Rehabilitation Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | | | | | - Suzanne Martin
- g School of Health Sciences, Ulster University , Newtownabbey , UK
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Baumel A, Muench F. Heuristic Evaluation of Ehealth Interventions: Establishing Standards That Relate to the Therapeutic Process Perspective. JMIR Ment Health 2016; 3:e5. [PMID: 26764209 PMCID: PMC4730107 DOI: 10.2196/mental.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of available eHealth interventions aimed at treating behavioral and mental health challenges has been growing. From the perspective of health care providers, there is a need for eHealth interventions to be evaluated prior to clinical trials and for the limited resources allocated to empirical research to be invested in the most promising products. Following a literature review, a gap was found in the availability of eHealth interventions evaluation principles related to the patient experience of the therapeutic process. This paper introduces principles and concepts for the evaluation of eHealth interventions developed as a first step in a process to outline general evaluation guidelines that relate to the clinical context from health care providers' perspective. Our approach was to conduct a review of literature that relates to the examination of eHealth interventions. We identified the literature that was most relevant to our study and used it to define guidelines that relate to the clinical context. We then compiled a list of heuristics we found to be useful for the evaluation of eHealth intervention products' suitability for empirical examination. Four heuristics were identified with respect to the therapeutic process: (1) the product's ease of use (ie, usability), (2) the eHealth intervention's compatibility with the clinical setting, (3) the presence of tools that make it easier for the user to engage in therapeutic activities, and (4) the provision of a feasible therapeutic pathway to growth. We then used this set of heuristics to conduct a detailed examination of MyFitnessPal. This line of work could help to set the bar higher for product developers and to inform health care providers about preferred eHealth intervention designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Baumel
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, United States.
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48
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Abstract
Decades back AYUSH systems of medicine were limited to their own field with few exceptions in some states as health in India is a state issue. This took a reverse turn after the initiation of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 which brought the concept of “Mainstreaming of AYUSH and Revitalization of Local Health Traditions” utilizing the untapped AYUSH workforces, therapeutics and principles for the management of community health problems. As on 31/03/2012 AYUSH facilities were co-located in 468 District Hospitals, 2483 Community Health Centers and 8520 Primary Health Centers in the country. Several therapeutics are currently in use and few drugs have been included in the ASHA drug kit to treat common ailments in the community. At the same time Government of India has recognized few principles and therapeutics of Ayurveda as modalities of intervention to some of the community health problems. These include Ksharasutra (medicine coated thread) therapy for ano-rectal surgeries and Rasayana Chikitsa (rejuvenative therapy) for senile degenerative disorders etc. Similarly respective principles and therapeutics can also be utilized from other systems of AYUSH such as Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy. Akin to Ayurveda these principles and therapeutics can also help in managing community health problems if appropriately implemented. This paper is a review on the role of AYUSH, as a system, in the delivery of health care in India with special reference to National Rural Health Mission.
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Lowe KA. Navigating the profits and pitfalls of governmental partnerships: the ICRC and intergovernmental relief, 1918-23. Disasters 2015; 39 Suppl 2:204-218. [PMID: 26395109 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is today a staunch proponent of the need for humanitarian organisations to remain independent of state interests, yet it deliberately solicited intergovernmental intervention in international relief after the First World War of 1914-18. This paper examines why an organisation committed to upholding the independence and impartiality of humanitarian action might still choose to partner with governmental bodies. It also highlights the historical beginnings of a linkage between international aid and geopolitics. To secure governmental funding for refugee relief during the 1920s, the ICRC argued that the humanitarian crises of the post-war years were a threat to the political and social stability of Europe. While this has become axiomatic, the interwar history of the ICRC demonstrates that the perceived connection between relief and geopolitical stability is historically constructed, and that it must continue to be asserted persuasively to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Lowe
- Assistant Professor, Humanities, Lesley University, United States
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50
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Resnik DB. Addressing diversion effects. J Law Biosci 2015; 2:428-430. [PMID: 27774202 PMCID: PMC5034375 DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alan Wertheimer argues that those who promulgate principles of research ethics have a responsibility to take into account the diversion effects of those principles. In this commentary, I argue that Wertheimer's proposal that diversion effects should be considered when promulgating principles of research ethics makes sense, but it often may be best to deal with these effects once a principle has been accepted and implemented, rather than focusing on them at the outset.
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