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Koch DW, Froneberger A, Berglund A, Connard S, Souther A, Schnabel LV. IL-1β + TGF-β2 dual-licensed mesenchymal stem cells have reduced major histocompatibility class I expression and positively modulate tenocyte migration, metabolism, and gene expression. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:S61-S72. [PMID: 38547589 PMCID: PMC11187728 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.12.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objectives were to 1) determine the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and transcriptome-wide gene expression changes following IL-1β + TGF-β2 dual licensing and 2) evaluate if IL-1β + TGF-β2 dual-licensed MSCs had a greater ability to positively modulate tenocyte function compared to naive MSCs. SAMPLE Equine bone marrow-derived MSCs from 6 donors and equine superficial digital flexor tenocytes from 3 donors. METHODS Experiments were performed in vitro. Flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing were utilized to determine naive and dual-licensed MSC phenotype and transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression. Conditioned media were generated from MSCs and utilized in tenocyte cell culture assays as a method to determine the effect of MSC paracrine factors on tenocyte function. RESULTS Dual-licensed MSCs have a reduced expression of MHC class I and exhibit enrichment in functional pathways associated with the extracellular matrix, cell signaling, and tissue development. Additionally, dual-licensed MSC-conditioned media significantly improved in vitro tenocyte migration and metabolism to a greater degree than naive MSC-conditioned media. In tenocytes exposed to IL-1β, dual-licensed conditioned media also positively modulated tenocyte gene expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data indicate that conditioned media containing paracrine factors secreted from dual-licensed MSCs significantly modulates in vitro tenocyte function, which may confer benefits in vivo to healing tendons following injury. Additionally, due to reduced MHC class I expression in dual-licensed MSCs, this technique may also provide an avenue to provide an effective "off-the-shelf" allogenic source of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W. Koch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Anna Froneberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Alix Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Shannon Connard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Alexis Souther
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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2
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Jiang N, Tian X, Wang Q, Hao J, Jiang J, Wang H. Regulation Mechanisms and Maintenance Strategies of Stemness in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:455-483. [PMID: 38010581 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stemness pertains to the intrinsic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into multiple lineages, while simultaneously impeding their differentiation and preserving crucial differentiating genes in a state of quiescence and equilibrium. Owing to their favorable attributes, including uncomplicated isolation protocols, ethical compliance, and ease of procurement, MSCs have become a focal point of inquiry in the domains of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As age increases or ex vivo cultivation is prolonged, the functionality of MSCs decreases and their stemness gradually diminishes, thereby limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Despite the existence of several uncertainties surrounding the comprehension of MSC stemness, considerable advancements have been achieved in the clarification of the potential mechanisms that lead to stemness loss, as well as the associated strategies for stemness maintenance. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of the factors influencing the preservation of MSC stemness, the molecular mechanisms governing it, the strategies for its maintenance, and the therapeutic potential associated with stemness. Finally, we underscore the obstacles and prospective avenues in present investigations, providing innovative perspectives and opportunities for the preservation and therapeutic utilization of MSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhou Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiliang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanxiang Wang
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
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3
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Regner AM, DeLeon M, Gibbons KD, Howard S, Nesbitt DQ, Lujan TJ, Fitzpatrick CK, Farach-Carson MC, Wu D, Uzer G. Increased deformations are dispensable for cell mechanoresponse in engineered bone analogs mimicking aging bone marrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559187. [PMID: 37905032 PMCID: PMC10614733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aged individuals and astronauts experience bone loss despite rigorous physical activity. Bone mechanoresponse is in-part regulated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that respond to mechanical stimuli. Direct delivery of low intensity vibration (LIV) recovers MSC proliferation in senescence and simulated microgravity models, indicating that age-related reductions in mechanical signal delivery within bone marrow may contribute to declining bone mechanoresponse. To answer this question, we developed a 3D bone marrow analog that controls trabecular geometry, marrow mechanics and external stimuli. Validated finite element (FE) models were developed to quantify strain environment within hydrogels during LIV. Bone marrow analogs with gyroid-based trabeculae of bone volume fractions (BV/TV) corresponding to adult (25%) and aged (13%) mice were printed using polylactic acid (PLA). MSCs encapsulated in migration-permissive hydrogels within printed trabeculae showed robust cell populations on both PLA surface and hydrogel within a week. Following 14 days of LIV treatment (1g, 100 Hz, 1 hour/day), type-I collagen and F-actin were quantified for the cells in the hydrogel fraction. While LIV increased all measured outcomes, FE models predicted higher von Mises strains for the 13% BV/TV groups (0.2%) when compared to the 25% BV/TV group (0.1%). Despite increased strains, collagen-I and F-actin measures remained lower in the 13% BV/TV groups when compared to 25% BV/TV counterparts, indicating that cell response to LIV does not depend on hydrogel strains and that bone volume fraction (i.e. available bone surface) directly affects cell behavior in the hydrogel phase independent of the external stimuli. Overall, bone marrow analogs offer a robust and repeatable platform to study bone mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Regner
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | - Maximilien DeLeon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Kalin D. Gibbons
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | - Sean Howard
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | | | - Trevor J. Lujan
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | | | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
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Mustafa T, Khan I, Iqbal H, Usman S, Naeem N, Faizi S, Salim A. Rutin and quercetagetin enhance the regeneration potential of young and aging bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the rat infarcted myocardium. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04628-5. [PMID: 36566485 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) damages cardiomyocytes permanently and compromises cardiac function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages are considered as one of the best options for the treatment of MI. However, aging affects their regeneration capability. With age, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in cells ultimately causing cell death. To successfully utilize these stem cells in clinic, novel strategies to improve their functional capability should be explored. In this study, we aimed to enhance the cardiac regeneration potential of bone marrow MSCs derived from aging rats by treating them with antioxidants, rutin or quercetagetin in separate in vivo experiments. Oxidative stress was induced by treating MSCs of young and aging rats with different concentrations of H2O2 which resulted in an increase in the ROS level. MSCs were treated with rutin or quercetagetin at varying concentrations and exposed to H2O2. It was observed that both antioxidants significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed H2O2-induced intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. An optimized concentration of 10 µM rutin or quercetagetin was used for the in vivo experiments. MI models were developed in aging rats by ligation of left anterior descending artery and treated MSCs were transplanted in the MI models. Echocardiography was performed after 2 and 4 weeks of cell transplantation to evaluate the functional status of the infarcted heart and histological analysis was performed after 4 weeks to assess cardiac regeneration. Significant improvement was observed in cardiac parameters including LVEF% (P < 0.001), LVFS% (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), LVIDd (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), LVIDs (P < 0.001), LVEDV (P < 0.001) and LVESV (P < 0.001) in the treated young as well as aging MSCs. It is concluded from these findings that rutin and quercetagetin treatment enhance the regeneration efficiency of young and aging MSCs in vivo. These antioxidants can be effectively utilized to improve cellular therapy for myocardial infarction by suppressing ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Mustafa
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hana'a Iqbal
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Usman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naeem
- Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences (DRIBBS), Dow University of Health Sciences, Gulzar-E-Hijri, Suparco Road, KDA Scheme-33, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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5
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Koch DW, Schnabel LV, Ellis IM, Bates RE, Berglund AK. TGF-β2 enhances expression of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell paracrine factors with known associations to tendon healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:477. [PMID: 36114555 PMCID: PMC9482193 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete paracrine factors and extracellular matrix proteins that contribute to their ability to support tissue healing and regeneration. Both the transcriptome and the secretome of MSCs can be altered by treating the cells with cytokines, but neither have been thoroughly investigated following treatment with the specific cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. Methods RNA-sequencing and western blotting were used to compare gene and protein expression between untreated and TGF-β2-treated equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). A co-culture system was utilized to compare equine tenocyte migration during co-culture with untreated and TGF-β2-treated BM-MSCs. Results TGF-β2 treatment significantly upregulated gene expression of collagens, extracellular matrix molecules, and growth factors. Protein expression of collagen type I and tenascin-C was also confirmed to be upregulated in TGF-β2-treated BM-MSCs compared to untreated BM-MSCs. Both untreated and TGF-β2-treated BM-MSCs increased tenocyte migration in vitro. Conclusions Treating equine BM-MSCs with TGF-β2 significantly increases production of paracrine factors and extracellular matrix molecules important for tendon healing and promotes the migration of tenocytes in vitro. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03172-9.
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Bowers K, Amelse L, Bow A, Newby S, MacDonald A, Sun X, Anderson D, Dhar M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Use in Acute Tendon Injury: In Vitro Tenogenic Potential vs. In Vivo Dose Response. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080407. [PMID: 36004932 PMCID: PMC9404841 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for the treatment of tendon injury is an emerging clinical practice in the fields of human and veterinary sports medicine; however, the therapeutic benefit of intralesional transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in tendonitis cases is not well designed. Questions persist regarding the overall tenogenic potential and efficacy of this treatment alone. In this study, we aimed to isolate a rat mesenchymal stem cell lineage for in vitro and in vivo use, to assess the effects of growth factor exposure in vitro on cell morphology, behavior, and tendon-associated glycoprotein production, and to assess the therapeutic potential of intralesional stem cells, as a function of dose, in vivo. First, rat adipose-derived (rAdMSC) and bone marrow-derived (rBMSC) stem cell lineages were isolated, characterized with flow cytometric analysis, and compared in terms of proliferation (MTS assay) and cellular viability (calcein AM staining). Rat AdMSCs displayed superior proliferation and more homogenous CD 73, CD 44H, and CD 90 expression as compared to rBMSC. Next, the tenogenic differentiation potential of the rAdMSC lineage was tested in vitro through isolated and combined stimulation with reported tenogenic growth factors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). We found that the most effective tenogenic factor in terms of cellular morphologic change, cell alignment/orientation, sustained cellular viability, and tendon-associated glycoprotein upregulation was TGFβ3, and we confirmed that rAdMSC could be induced toward a tenogenic lineage in vitro. Finally, the therapeutic potential of rAdMSCs as a function of dose was assessed using a rat acute Achilles tendon injury model. Amounts of 5 × 105 (low dose) and 4 × 106 (high dose) were used. Subjectively, on the gross morphology, the rAdMSC-treated tendons exhibited fewer adhesions and less scar tissue than the control tendons; however, regardless of the rAdMSC dose, no significant differences in histological grade or tissue collagen I deposition were noted between the rAdMSC-treated and control tendons. Collectively, rAdMSCs exhibited appropriate stem cell markers and tenogenic potential in vitro, but the clinical efficacy of intralesional implantation of undifferentiated cells in acute tendonitis cases could not be proven. Further investigation into complementary therapeutics or specialized culture conditions prior to implantation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bowers
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Amelse
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
| | - Austin Bow
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
| | - Steven Newby
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
| | - Amber MacDonald
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4550, USA
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7
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Amini-Nik S, Abdullahi A, Vinaik R, Yao RJR, Yu N, Datu A, Belo C, Jeschke MG. Aging Impairs the Cellular Interplay between Myeloid Cells and Mesenchymal Cells during Skin Healing in Mice. Aging Dis 2022; 13:540-551. [PMID: 35371611 PMCID: PMC8947831 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major issue in the elderly population and is associated with substantial health and economic burden, which is exponentially increasing with the growing aging population. While the underlying pathobiology of disturbed skin healing by aging is linked to several genetic and epigenetic factors, little is known about the cell-cell interaction during the wound healing process in aged individuals, particularly the mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-macrophages axis. In this study, by using a thermal injury animal model in which we compared the wound healing process of adult and young mice, we found that the insufficient pool of MSCs in adult animals are deficient in migrating to the wound bed and instead are restricted to the wound edge. We identified a deficiency of a CD90-positive MSC subpopulation in the wounds of adult animals, which is positively correlated with the number of F4/80+ macrophages. In vitro, we found that CD90+ cells preferentially adhere to the myeloid cells forming doublet cells. Thus, our findings highlight that in adult mice subjected to a thermal injury, impaired wound healing is likely mediated by a disturbed cellular interplay between myeloid cells and mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdikarim Abdullahi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Roohi Vinaik
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ren Jie Robert Yao
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Nancy Yu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Andrea Datu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Garcia-Ayuso D, Di Pierdomenico J, García-Bernal D, Vidal-Sanz M, Villegas-Pérez MP. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear stem cells in the treatment of retinal degenerations. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1937-1944. [PMID: 35142670 PMCID: PMC8848608 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases affecting the outer retina in its many forms (inherited, acquired or induced) are characterized by photoreceptor loss, and represent currently a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the world. At present, there are very few treatments capable of preventing, recovering or reversing photoreceptor degeneration or the secondary retinal remodeling, which follows photoreceptor loss and can also cause the death of other retinal cells. Thus, these diseases are nowadays one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research. Bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell transplantation has shown promising results for the treatment of photoreceptor degenerations. These cells may have the potential to slow down photoreceptor loss, and therefore should be applied in the early stages of photoreceptor degenerations. Furthermore, because of their possible paracrine effects, they may have a wide range of clinical applications, since they can potentially impact on several retinal cell types at once and photoreceptor degenerations can involve different cells and/or begin in one cell type and then affect adjacent cells. The intraocular injection of bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cells also enhances the outcomes of other treatments aimed to protect photoreceptors. Therefore, it is likely that future investigations may combine bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell therapy with other systemic or intraocular treatments to obtain greater therapeutic effects in degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Ayuso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Johnny Di Pierdomenico
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca); Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Villegas-Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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9
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Purwaningrum M, Jamilah NS, Purbantoro SD, Sawangmake C, Nantavisai S. Comparative characteristic study from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e74. [PMID: 34697921 PMCID: PMC8636658 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has been extensively investigated and proffered to be a potential platform for novel tissue regeneration. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources has been widely explored and compared. In this regard, MSCs derived from bone marrow have been proposed and described as a promising cell resource due to their high yield of isolated cells with colony-forming potential, self-renewal capacity, MSC surface marker expression, and multi-lineage differentiation capacities in vitro. However, there is evidence for bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo from different species presenting identical and distinct potential stemness characteristics. In this review, the fundamental knowledge of the growth kinetics and stemness properties of BM-MSCs in different animal species and humans are compared and summarized. Finally, to provide a full perspective, this review will procure results of current information studies focusing on the use of BM-MSCs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medania Purwaningrum
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Syarifah Jamilah
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Steven Dwi Purbantoro
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Nantavisai
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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10
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Ferreira H, Amorim D, Lima AC, Pirraco RP, Costa-Pinto AR, Almeida R, Almeida A, Reis RL, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Neves NM. A biocompatible and injectable hydrogel to boost the efficacy of stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases treatment. Life Sci 2021; 287:120108. [PMID: 34717909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Stem cell therapies emerged as treatment modalities with potential to cure neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, despite high expectations, their clinical use is still limited. Critical issues in treatment outcomes may be related to stem cells formulation and administration route. We develop a hydrogel as a cell carrier, consisting of compounds (phospholipids and hyaluronic acid-HA) naturally present in the central nervous system (CNS). The HA-based hydrogel physically crosslinked with liposomes is designed for direct injection into the CNS to significantly increase the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) bioavailability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrogel compatibility is confirmed in vitro with BMSCs and in vivo through its intracerebroventricular injection in rats. To assess its efficacy, the main cause of chronic neurologic disability in young adults is selected, namely multiple sclerosis (MS). The efficacy of the developed formulation containing a lower number of cells than previously reported is demonstrated using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model. KEY FINDINGS The distribution of the engineered hydrogel into corpus callosum can be ideal for NDs treatment, since damage of this white matter structure is responsible for important neuronal deficits. Moreover, the BMSCs-laden hydrogel significantly decreases disease severity and maximum clinical score and eliminated the relapse. SIGNIFICANCE The engineering of advanced therapies using this natural carrier can result in efficacious treatments for MS and related debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Diana Amorim
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Lima
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Costa-Pinto
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Almeida
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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11
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Hunziker EB, Shintani N, Haspl M, Lippuner K, Voegelin E, Keel MJ. The synovium of human osteoarthritic joints retains its chondrogenic potential irrespective of age. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:283-295. [PMID: 34693739 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The autologous synovium is a potential tissue source for local induction of chondrogenesis by tissue engineering approaches to repair articular cartilage defects such as they occur in osteoarthritis. It was the aim of the present study to ascertain whether the aging of human osteoarthritic patients compromises the chondrogenic potential of their knee-joint synovium and the structural and metabolic stability of the transformed tissue. The patients were allocated to one of the following two age categories: 54 - 65 years and 66 - 86 years (n = 7-11 donors per time point and experimental group; total number of donors: 64). Synovial biopsies were induced in vitro to undergo chondrogenesis by exposure to either bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) alone, transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) alone, or a combination of the two growth factors, for up to 6 weeks. The differentiated explants were evaluated morphologically and morphometrically for the volume fraction of metachromasia (sulfated proteoglycans), immunohistochemically for type-II collagen, and for the gene-expression levels of anabolic chondrogenic markers as well as catabolic factors by a real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Quantitative metachromasia revealed that chondrogenic differentiation of human synovial explants was induced to the greatest degree by either BMP-2 alone or the BMP-2/TGF-1 combination, i.e. to a comparable level with each of the two stimulation protocols and within both age categories. The BMP-2/TGF-1combination protocol resulted in chondrocytes of a physiological size for normal human articular cartilage, unlike the BMP-2 alone stimulation that resulted in cell sizes of terminal hypertrophy. The stable gene-expression levels of the anabolic chondrogenic markers confirmed the superiority of these two stimulation protocols and demonstrated the hyaline-like qualities of the generated cartilage matrix. The gene-expression levels of the catabolic markers remained extremely low. The data also confirmed the usefulness of experimental in vitro studies with bovine synovial tissue as a paradigm for human synovial investigations. Our data reveal the chondrogenic potential of the human knee-joint synovium of osteoarthritic patients to be uncompromised by ageing and catabolic processes. The potential of synovium-based clinical engineering (repair) of cartilage tissue using autologous synovium may thus not be reduced by the age of the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst B Hunziker
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, 27252, Departments of Osteoporosis and Orthopaedic Surgery, Freiburgstrasse 10, Bern, Switzerland, 3010.,Switzerland;
| | - Nahoko Shintani
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, 27252, Department of Osteoporosis, Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Miroslav Haspl
- University of Zagreb, 37631, of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kurt Lippuner
- Inselspital University Hospital Bern, 27252, Department of Osteoporosis, Bern, BE, Switzerland;
| | - Esther Voegelin
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, 27252, of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Bern, BE, Switzerland;
| | - Marius J Keel
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, 27252, Orthopedic Department, Bern, BE, Switzerland;
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12
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Das M, Kale V. Involvement of extracellular vesicles in aging process and their beneficial effects in alleviating aging-associated symptoms. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2403-2419. [PMID: 34427351 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual and unavoidable physiological phenomenon that manifests in the natural maturation process and continues to progress from infanthood to adulthood. Many elderly people suffer from aging-associated hematological and nonhematological disorders. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have shown new revolutionary paths of treating such diseases using stem cells; however, aging also affects the quality and competence of stem and progenitor cells themselves and ultimately directs their death or apoptosis and senescence, leading to a decline in their regenerative potential. Recent research works show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from different types of stem cells may provide a safe treatment for aging-associated disorders. The cargo of EVs comprises packets of information in the form of various macromolecules that can modify the fate of the target cells. To harness the true potential of EVs in regenerative medicine, it is necessary to understand how this cargo contributes to the rejuvenation of aged stem and progenitor populations and to identify the aging-associated changes in the macromolecular profile of the EVs themselves. In this review, we endeavor to summarize the current knowledge of the involvement of EVs in the aging process and delineate the role of EVs in the reversal of aging-associated phenotypes. We have also analyzed the involvement of the molecular cargo of EVs in the generation of aging-associated disorders. This knowledge could not only help us in understanding the mechanism of the aging process but could also facilitate the development of new cell-free biologics to treat aging-related disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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13
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Dzobo K. Recent Trends in Multipotent Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Learning from History and Advancing Clinical Applications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:342-357. [PMID: 34115524 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early cell biology reports demonstrated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in bone marrow, with both hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Over the years, various investigations have purified and characterized mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from different human tissues as cells with multilineage differentiation potential under the appropriate conditions. Due to their appealing characteristics and versatile potentials, MSCs are leveraged in many applications in medicine such as oncology, bioprinting, and as recent as therapeutics discovery and innovation for COVID-19. To date, studies indicate that MSCs have varied differentiation capabilities into different cell types, and demonstrate immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Different microenvironments or niche for MSCs and their resulting heterogeneity may influence attendant cellular behavior and differentiation capacity. The potential clinical applications of MSCs and exosomes derived from these cells have led to an avalanche of research reports on their properties and hundreds of clinical trials being undertaken. There is ample reason to think, as discussed in this expert review that the future looks bright and promising for MSC research, with many clinical trials under way to ascertain their clinical utility. This review provides a synthesis of the latest advances and trends in MSC research to allow for broad and critically informed use of MSCs. Early observations of the presence of these cells in the bone marrow and their remarkable differentiation capabilities and immunomodulation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Age-Related Changes in Bone-Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061273. [PMID: 34063923 PMCID: PMC8223980 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells is part of a strategy for the treatment of a large number of diseases. However, the source of the original stem cells for use is extremely important and determines their therapeutic potential. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have proven their therapeutic effectiveness when used in a number of pathological models. However, it remains an open question whether the chronological age of the donor organism affects the effectiveness of the use of MSC. The asymmetric division of stem cells, the result of which is some residential stem cells acquiring a non-senile phenotype, means that stem cells possess an intrinsic ability to preserve juvenile characteristics, implying an absence or at least remarkable retardation of senescence in stem cells. To test whether residential MSC senesce, we evaluated the physiological changes in the MSC from old rats, with a further comparison of the neuroprotective properties of MSC from young and old animals in a model of traumatic brain injury. We found that, while the effect of administration of MSC on lesion volume was minimal, functional recovery was remarkable, with the highest effect assigned to fetal cells; the lowest effect was recorded for cells isolated from adult rats and postnatal cells, having intermediate potency. MSC from the young rats were characterized by a faster growth than adult MSC, correlating with levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). However, there were no differences in respiratory activity of MSC from young and old rats, but young cells showed much higher glucose utilization than old ones. Autophagy flux was almost the same in both types of cells, but there were remarkable ultrastructural differences in old and young cells.
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15
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Positively Correlated CD47 Activation and Autophagy in Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5582792. [PMID: 33936211 PMCID: PMC8062176 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in stem cell maintenance and is related to cell growth and cellular senescence. It is important to find a quality-control marker for predicting senescent cells. This study verified that CD47 could be a candidate to select efficient mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy by analyzing the antibody surface array. CD47 expression was significantly decreased during the expansion of MSCs in vitro (p < 0.01), with decreased CD47 expression correlated with accelerated senescence phenotype, which affected cell growth. UCB-MSCs transfected with CD47 siRNA significantly triggered the downregulation of pRB and upregulation of pp38, which are senescence-related markers. Additionally, autophagy-related markers, ATG5, ATG12, Beclin1, and LC3B, revealed significant downregulation with CD47 siRNA transfection. Furthermore, autophagy flux following treatment with an autophagy inducer, rapamycin, has shown that CD47 is a key player in autophagy and senescence to maintain and regulate the growth of MSCs, suggesting that CD47 may be a critical key marker for the selection of effective stem cells in cell therapy.
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16
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Mato-Basalo R, Morente-López M, Arntz OJ, van de Loo FAJ, Fafián-Labora J, Arufe MC. Therapeutic Potential for Regulation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Transcription Factor p65 to Prevent Cellular Senescence and Activation of Pro-Inflammatory in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073367. [PMID: 33805981 PMCID: PMC8038109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have an important potential in the treatment of age-related diseases. In the last years, small extracellular vesicles derived from these stem cells have been proposed as cell-free therapies. Cellular senescence and proinflammatory activation are involved in the loss of therapeutic capacity and in the phenomenon called inflamm-aging. The regulators of these two biological processes in mesenchymal stem cells are not well-known. In this study, we found that p65 is activated during cellular senescence and inflammatory activation in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell. To demonstrate the central role of p65 in these two processes, we used small-molecular inhibitors of p65, such as JSH-23, MG-132 and curcumin. We found that the inhibition of p65 prevents the cellular senescence phenotype in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Besides, p65 inhibition produced the inactivation of proinflammatory molecules as components of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 (IL-6 and IL-8)). Additionally, we found that the inhibition of p65 prevents the transmission of paracrine senescence between mesenchymal stem cells and the proinflammatory message through small extracellular vesicles. Our work highlights the important role of p65 and its inhibition to restore the loss of functionality of small extracellular vesicles from senescent mesenchymal stem cells and their inflamm-aging signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Mato-Basalo
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universdidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Miriam Morente-López
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universdidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (O.J.A.); (F.A.J.v.d.L.)
| | - Fons A. J. van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (O.J.A.); (F.A.J.v.d.L.)
| | - Juan Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universdidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (M.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.-L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - María C. Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universdidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (M.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.-L.); (M.C.A.)
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17
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18
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Berglund AK, Long JM, Robertson JB, Schnabel LV. TGF-β2 Reduces the Cell-Mediated Immunogenicity of Equine MHC-Mismatched Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Without Altering Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628382. [PMID: 33614658 PMCID: PMC7889809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell therapy for treating numerous diseases, but major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched MSCs can be rejected by the recipient’s immune system. Pre-treating MSCs with transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) to downregulate surface expression of MHC molecules may enhance the ability of allogeneic MSCs to evade immune responses. We used lymphocyte proliferation assays and ELISAs to analyze the immunomodulatory potential of TGF-β2-treated equine bone marrow-derived MSCs. T cell activation and cytotoxicity assays were then used to measure the in vitro cell-mediated immunogenicity. Similar to untreated MSCs, TGF-β2-treated MSCs inhibited T cell proliferation and did not stimulate MHC-mismatched T cells to proliferate. Additionally, similar quantities of prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β1 were detected in assays with untreated and TGF-β2-treated MSCs supporting that TGF-β2-treated MSCs retain their strong immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Compared to untreated MSCs, TGF-β2-treated MSCs induced less T cell activation and had reduced cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. These results indicate that treating MSCs with TGF-β2 is a promising strategy to reduce the cell-mediated immunogenicity of MHC-mismatched MSCs and facilitate allogeneic MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix K Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Julie M Long
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - James B Robertson
- Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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19
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Deng J, Zhong L, Zhou Z, Gu C, Huang X, Shen L, Cao S, Ren Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Yu S. Autophagy: a promising therapeutic target for improving mesenchymal stem cell biological functions. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1135-1149. [PMID: 33196943 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising therapeutic material due to their capacities for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation and have attracted great attention in regenerative medicine. However, MSCs may lose their biological functions because of donor age or disease and environmental pressure before and after transplantation, which hinders the application of MSC-based therapy. As a major intracellular lysosome-dependent degradative process, autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and withstanding environmental pressure and may become a potential therapeutic target for improving MSC functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the regulation of autophagy is a promising approach for improving the biological properties of MSCs. More in-depth investigations about the role of autophagy in MSC biology are required to contribute to the clinical application of MSCs. In this review, we focus on the role of autophagy regulation by various physical and chemical factors on the biological functions of MSCs in vitro and in vivo, and provide some strategies for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Ahmadi M, Rezaie J. Ageing and mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes: Molecular insight and challenges. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:60-66. [PMID: 33164248 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing induces a great risk factor that participates in progressing various degenerative diseases morbidities. The main characteristic of ageing is the failure in maintaining homeostasis in the organs with a cellular senescence. Senescence is characterized by reduced cell growth, evade cellular death, and acquiring a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are advantageous cells in regenerative medicine, exerting pleiotropic functions by producing soluble factors, such as exosomes. MSCs and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo) kinetic are affected by ageing and other aged exosomes. Exosomes biogenesis from aged MSCs is accelerated and their exosomal cargoes, such as miRNAs, vary as compared to those of normal cells. Besides, exosomes from aged MSCs loss their regenerative potential and may negatively influence the function of recipient cells. MSCs-Exo can improve ageing and age-related diseases; however, the detailed mechanisms remain yet elusive. Although exosomes-therapy may serve as a new approach to combat ageing, the translation of preclinical results to clinic needs more extensive investigation on exosomes both on their biology and related techniques. Overall, scrutiny on the effect of ageing on MSCs and vice versa is vital for designing novel therapy using MSCs with focus on the management of older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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21
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Wang Y, Tang Z, Gu P. Stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation for retinal degeneration: a review of clinical trials. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:793. [PMID: 32968042 PMCID: PMC7511341 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD) is one of the dominant causes of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide. However, the current effective therapeutics for RD in the ophthalmologic clinic are unclear and controversial. In recent years, extensively investigated stem/progenitor cells-including retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-with proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential have presented opportunities to revolutionise the ultimate clinical management of RD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on the progression of clinical trials for RD treatment using four types of stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation to replace degenerative retinal cells and/or to supplement trophic factors from the aspects of safety, effectiveness and their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we also discuss the emerging role of stem cells in the secretion of multifunctional nanoscale exosomes by which stem cells could be further exploited as a potential RD therapy. This review will facilitate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation for RD treatment, and provide incentive for superior employment of such strategies that may be suitable for treatment of other diseases, such as stroke and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
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22
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Fu X, Xu B, Jiang J, Du X, Yu X, Yan Y, Li S, Inglis BM, Ma H, Wang H, Pei X, Si W. Effects of cryopreservation and long-term culture on biological characteristics and proteomic profiles of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32489333 PMCID: PMC7247169 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) have been identified as promising seeding cells in tissue engineering and clinical applications of regenerative medicine due to their advantages of simple acquisition procedure and the capability to come from a young tissue donor over the other MSCs sources. In clinical applications, large scale production is required and optimal cryopreservation and culture conditions are essential to autologous and allogeneic transplantation in the future. However, the influence of cryopreserved post-thaw and long-term culture on hUC-MSCs remains unknown, especially in terms of specific protein expression. Therefore, biological characteristics and proteomic profiles of hUC-MSCs after cryopreserving and long-term culturing were investigated. Methods Firstly, hUC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord tissues and identified through morphology, surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential at passage 3, and then the biological characteristics and proteomic profiles were detected and compared after cryopreserving and long-term culturing at passage 4 and continuously cultured to passage 10 with detection occurring here as well. The proteomic profiles were tested by using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling technique and differential protein were confirmed by mass spectrometry. Results The results showed no significant differences in phenotypes including morphology, surface marker and tri-lineage differentiation potential but have obvious changes in translation level, which is involved in metabolism, cell cycle and other pathways. Conclusion This suggests that protein expression may be used as an indicator of hUC-MSCs security testing before applying in clinical settings, and it is also expected to provide the foundation or standardization guide of hUC-MSCs applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Xing Du
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Briauna Marie Inglis
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Huiming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Wei Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
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Fafián-Labora J, Morente-López M, Sánchez-Dopico MJ, Arntz OJ, van de Loo FAJ, De Toro J, Arufe MC. Influence of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in vitro and their role in ageing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 31900239 PMCID: PMC6942375 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assessed whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles influenced ageing and pluripotency markers in cell cultures where they are added. METHODS MSC-derived extracellular vesicles from old and young rat bone marrows were isolated by ultracentrifugation and were characterised by western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). They were added to young and old MSC cultures. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and western blot analysis were performed to check the markers of ageing (vinculin and lamin A), pluripotency markers (Nanog and Oct4) and components of the mTOR signalling pathway (Rictor, Raptor, AKT and mTOR) in these cell populations. Subsequently, microRNA (miR)-188-3p expression was transiently inhibited in young MSCs to demonstrate the influence of mTOR2 on MSC ageing. RESULTS Incubation with young MSC-derived extracellular vesicles decreased the levels of ageing markers and components of the mTOR pathway and increased the pluripotency markers from old MSC populations. By contrast, incubation of young MSCs with old MSC-derived extracellular vesicles generated the reverse effects. Inhibition of miR-188-3p expression in young MSCs produced extracellular vesicles that when incubated with old MSCs produced an increase in the levels of Rictor, as well as a decrease of phosphor-AKT, as indicated by a significant decrease in beta-galactosidase staining. CONCLUSIONS MSC-derived extracellular vesicles affected the behaviour of MSC cultures, based on their composition, which could be modified in vitro. These experiments represented the basis for the development of new therapies against ageing-associated diseases using MSC-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Miriam Morente-López
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - María José Sánchez-Dopico
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Javier De Toro
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - María C Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006-A, Coruña, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006-A, Coruña, Spain.
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Munir N, McDonald A, Callanan A. A combinatorial approach: Cryo-printing and electrospinning hybrid scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester Induces G 2/M Arrest in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the p53/p21 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7606238. [PMID: 31885624 PMCID: PMC6915012 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7606238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) are able to differentiate into adipocytes, which can secrete adipokines to affect BM-MSC proliferation and differentiation. Recent evidences indicated that adipocytes can secrete fatty acid metabolites, such as palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), which is able to cause vasorelaxation and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, effects of PAME on BM-MSC proliferation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PAME on human BM-MSC (hBM-MSC) proliferation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. hBM-MSCs were treated with PAME for 48 h and then subjected to various analyses. The results from the present study show that PAME significantly reduced the levels of G2/M phase regulatory proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), and cyclin B1 and inhibited proliferation in hBM-MSCs. Moreover, the level of Mdm2 protein decreased, while the levels of p21 and p53 protein increased in the PAME-treated hBM-MSCs. However, PAME treatment did not significantly affect apoptosis/necrosis, ROS generation, and the level of Cdc25C protein. PAME also induced intracellular acidosis and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cotreatment with PAME and Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitors together further reduced the intracellular pH but did not affect the PAME-induced decreases of cell proliferation and increases of the cell population at the G2/M phase. Cotreatment with PAME and a calcium chelator together inhibited the PAME-increased intracellular Ca2+ levels but did not affect the PAME-induced cell proliferation inhibition and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the half-life of p53 protein was prolonged in the PAME-treated hBM-MSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that PAME induced p53 stabilization, which in turn increased the levels of p53/p21 proteins and decreased the levels of Cdk1/cyclin B1 proteins, thereby preventing the activation of Cdk1, and eventually caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The findings from the present study might help get insight into the physiological roles of PAME in regulating hBM-MSC proliferation.
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García-García P, Ruiz M, Reyes R, Delgado A, Évora C, Riancho JA, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Pérez-Campo FM. Smurf1 Silencing Using a LNA-ASOs/Lipid Nanoparticle System to Promote Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1306-1317. [PMID: 31631568 PMCID: PMC6877774 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great advance of bone tissue engineering in the last few years, repair of bone defects remains a major problem. Low cell engraftment and dose‐dependent side effects linked to the concomitant administration of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the main problems currently hindering the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapies in this field. We have managed to bypass these drawbacks by combining the silencing the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase in MSCs with the use of a scaffold that sustainably releases low doses of BMP‐2. In this system, Smurf1 silencing is achieved by using GapmeRs, a clinically safe method that avoids the use of viral vectors, facilitating its translation to the clinic. Here, we show that a single transient transfection with a small quantity of a Smurf1‐specific GapmeR is able to induce a significant level of silencing of the target gene, enough to prime MSCs for osteogenic differentiation. Smurf1 silencing highly increases MSCs responsiveness to BMP‐2, allowing a dramatic reduction of the dose needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The combination of these primed cells with alginate scaffolds designed to sustainably and locally release low doses of BMP‐2 to the defect microenvironment is able to induce the formation of a mature bone matrix both in an osteoporotic rat calvaria system and in a mouse ectopic model. Importantly, this approach also enhances osteogenic differentiation in MSCs from osteoporotic patients, characterized by a reduced bone‐forming potential, even at low BMP doses, underscoring the regenerative potential of this system. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1306&1317 The BMP‐Smad signaling cascade is an effective therapeutic target to promote bone formation. Silencing of Smurf1, a known BMP signaling inhibitor, increases the responsiveness of Mesenchymal stem cells to BMP, allowing a dramatic reduction of the doses used in the clinic to promote bone formation and therefore, avoiding secondary effects associated to the use of these factors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Antonio Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Flor María Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Fafián-Labora JA, Morente-López M, Arufe MC. Effect of aging on behaviour of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:337-346. [PMID: 31293716 PMCID: PMC6600848 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs whose source is the mesoderm lineage contain a subpopulation of stem cells that are able to differentiate among mesodermal derivatives (chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes). This subpopulation of adult stem cells, called "mesenchymal stem cells" or "mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)", contributes directly to the homeostatic maintenance of their organs; hence, their senescence could be very deleterious for human bodily functions. MSCs are easily isolated and amenable their expansion in vitro because of the research demanding to test them in many diverse clinical indications. All of these works are shown by the rapidly expanding literature that includes many in vivo animal models. We do not have an in-depth understanding of mechanisms that induce cellular senescence, and to further clarify the consequences of the senescence process in MSCs, some hints may be derived from the study of cellular behaviour in vivo and in vitro, autophagy, mitochondrial stress and exosomal activity. In this particular work, we decided to review these biological features in the literature on MSC senescence over the last three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain
| | - Miriam Morente-López
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain
| | - María C Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
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Meeson R, Sanghani‐Keri A, Coathup M, Blunn G. VEGF with AMD3100 endogenously mobilizes mesenchymal stem cells and improves fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1294-1302. [PMID: 30345545 PMCID: PMC6563072 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of fractures develop non-union. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy may be beneficial, however, this requires cell acquisition, culture and delivery. Endogenous mobilization of stem cells offers a non-invasive alternative. The hypothesis was administration of VEGF and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 would increase the circulating pool of available MSCs and improve fracture healing. Ex-breeder female wistar rats received VEGF followed by AMD3100, or sham PBS. Blood prepared for culture and colonies were counted. P3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, bi-differentiation. The effect of mobilization on fracture healing was evaluated with 1.5 mm femoral osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator in 12-14 week old female Wistars. The mobilized group had significantly greater number of cfus/ml compared to controls, p = 0.029. The isolated cells expressed 1.8% CD34, 35% CD45, 61% CD29, 78% CD90, and differentiated into osteoblasts but not into adipocytes. The fracture gap in animals treated with VEGF and AMD3100 showed increased bone volume; 5.22 ± 1.7 µm3 and trabecular thickness 0.05 ± 0.01 µm compared with control animals (4.3 ± 3.1 µm3 , 0.04 ± 0.01 µm, respectively). Radiographic scores quantifying fracture healing (RUST) showed that the animals in the mobilization group had a higher healing score compared to controls (9.6 vs. 7.7). Histologically, mobilization resulted in significantly lower group variability in bone formation (p = 0.032) and greater amounts of bone and less fibrous tissue than the control group. Clinical significance: This pre-clinical study demonstrates a beneficial effect of endogenous MSC mobilization on fracture healing, which may have translation potential to prevent or treat clinical fractures at risk of delayed or non-union fractures. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1294-1302, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meeson
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,Royal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Melanie Coathup
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of Central FloridaFlorida
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
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Ahmed HH, Aglan HA, Mabrouk M, Abd-Rabou AA, Beherei HH. Enhanced mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through complexation of selenium/titanium nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:24. [PMID: 30747346 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main target of this work was to explore the proliferative impact of selenium dioxide nanoparticles (SeO2) and selenium dioxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposites (Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III)) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For this purpose, SeO2 and Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III) were prepared by facile one step method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) with reference to SeO2 nanoparticles. Also, MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs), propagated and characterized by flow cytometry. Thereafter, the proliferative effect of the fabricated nanomaterials was investigated by MTT assay. The TEM and DLS results, revealed that the average particle size of the suggested nanomaterials was in nanoscale. XRD pattern showed well crystalline structure for SeO2 nanoparticles and Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III) nanocomposites; the decreasing of the crystalline phase was observed by increasing the wt% of TiO2. The designed nanomaterials showed proliferative effects on MSCs with the most prominent effect exerted by 2 µg/ml of Se/Ti (III) and 5 µg/ml of Se/Ti (II) for ADSCs and 20 µg/ml of Se/Ti (II) and 10 µg/ml of Se/Ti (III) for BM-MSCs. Therefore, these newly designed nanomaterials have a promising influence on MSCs proliferation and they are recommended to be utilized in the filed of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Soltani L, Rahmani HR, Daliri Joupari M, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH, Shamsara M. Effects of Different Concentrations of Reversine on Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 35:188-196. [PMID: 32226250 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation can be induced by small molecules. One of these small molecules used in this study in order to increase the plasticity of differentiation of stem cells was reversine. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of reversine on the plasticity of ovine fetal bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were extracted from ovine fetal and cultured. Passaged-3 cells were evaluated for their differentiation potential into osteocytes and adipocytes cells. In the present study, BM-MSCs were culture plated in the presence of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 nM of reversine. The number of viable cells was determined by MTT test after addition of different concentrations of reversine. Furthermore, expression of the nanog gene was evaluated. The culture without reversine was taken as the control group. Expression of nanog was analysed by immunocytochemistry. Multi-lineage differentiation showed that the BM-MSCs could be differentiated into adipose cells and osteocytes. Our results indicated that the addition of 1200 nM of reversine to medium significantly decreased overall proliferation compared to the other treatment groups (p > 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that after addition of 600 nM of reversine significantly increased nanog expression compared to other treatments. All treatments received reversine were seen to be relative expression of nanog. Our findings confirm that low concentrations reversine increases the plasticity of ovine BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.,2Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahmani
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- 3Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- 4Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- 6National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Rogers EH, Hunt JA, Pekovic-Vaughan V. Adult stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration around the clock: do impaired stem cell clocks drive age-associated tissue degeneration? Biogerontology 2018; 19:497-517. [PMID: 30374678 PMCID: PMC6223734 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adult stem cell research is a highly prolific area in modern tissue engineering as these cells have significant potential to provide future cellular therapies for the world's increasingly aged population. Cellular therapies require a smart biomaterial to deliver and localise the cell population; protecting and guiding the stem cells toward predetermined lineage-specific pathways. The cells, in turn, can provide protection to biomaterials and increase its longevity. The right combination of stem cells and biomaterials can significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy. Adult stem cells are utilised to target many changes that negatively impact tissue functions with age. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to changes brought about by the ageing process is imperative as ageing leads to many detrimental effects on stem cell activation, maintenance and differentiation. The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timing mechanism that coordinates physiology, metabolism and behavior with the 24 h solar day to provide temporal tissue homeostasis with the external environment. Circadian rhythms deteriorate with age at both the behavioural and molecular levels, leading to age-associated changes in downstream rhythmic tissue physiology in humans and rodent models. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the role of circadian clocks in adult stem cell maintenance, driven by both cell-autonomous and tissue-specific factors, and the mechanisms by which they co-opt various cellular signaling pathways to impose temporal control on stem cell function. Future research investigating pharmacological and lifestyle interventions by which circadian rhythms within adult stem niches can be manipulated will provide avenues for temporally guided cellular therapies and smart biomaterials to ameliorate age-related tissue deterioration and reduce the burden of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve H Rogers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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Yang M, Wen T, Chen H, Deng J, Yang C, Zhang Z. Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 1 exerts a protective effect on hypoxic injury of aged BM-MSCs: role of autophagy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:284. [PMID: 30359321 PMCID: PMC6202872 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been demonstrated to be an excellent cellular-based therapeutic strategy for treating myocardial infarction (MI). However, most of the patients suffering with MI are elderly. Hypoxic conditions can cause apoptosis of BM-MSCs, and this type of apoptosis is more prevalent in aged BM-MSCs. Decreased autophagy is one of the mechanisms underlying aging. The aim of this study is to uncover whether the increased hypoxic injury of aged BM-MSCs is due to autophagy and whether reducing autophagy diminishes the tolerance of hypoxia in aged BM-MSCs. Methods Young and aged BM-MSCs were isolated from male young and aged GFP/Fluc transgenic C57BL/6 mice respectively and then exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) injury. The apoptosis level induced by H/SD was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Additionally, autophagy was analyzed via transfection with plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein lightchain3 (GFP-LC3), and autophagic vacuoles were visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. Autophagic activity was manipulated by the administration of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor siRNA) and 3-methyladenine (3MA). Furthermore, young, aged, and the IGF-1 siRNA-transfected aged BM-MSCs were transplanted to myocardial infarcted adult C57BL/6 mice respectively. In vivo longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of transplanted BM-MSCs was performed to monitor the survival of transplanted BM-MSCs in each groups. Results Aged BM-MSCs exhibited a higher rate of apoptosis compared with young BM-MSCs under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the level of autophagy was lower in aged BM-MSCs compared with young BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, hypoxia decreased the activity of the protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in young and aged BM-MSCs, but aged BM-MSCs exhibited a relatively stronger Akt/mTOR activity compared with young BM-MSCs. In addition, IGF-1 knockdown significantly decreased the level of apoptosis in aged BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. IGF-1 knockdown also decreased the activity of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and increased the level of autophagy in aged BM-MSCs under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, IGF-1 knockdown protected aged BM-MSCs from hypoxic injury by increasing the level of autophagy, thereby promoting the survival of aged BM-MSCs after myocardial infarction transplantation. Conclusion This study demonstrates that reducing autophagy decreases the hypoxia tolerance of aged BM-MSCs. Maintaining optimal levels of autophagy may serve as a new strategy in treating MI by BM-MSC transplantation in aged patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1028-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University , Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China.
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Use of Self-Assembling Peptides to Enhance Stem Cell Function for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4162075. [PMID: 30008751 PMCID: PMC6020535 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications has become a promising field in regenerative medicine. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) have been proposed as a good candidate because they are able to self-assemble into stable hydrogels and interact with cells or molecules when combined together. This in turn can lead to the improved survival or action of cells or molecules to obtain the desired effects. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with SAPs could improve angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimbs of rats compared to MSC or SAP treatment alone. The combination of MSCs and SAPs showed an overall higher expression of angiogenesis markers on fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis and a lower degree of fibrosis and cell apoptosis, which in turn led to an overall tendency for improved perfusion of the ischemic hindlimbs. Finally, SAPs also showed the ability to recruit endogenous host MSCs into the site of action, especially when modified to incorporate substance P as a functional motif, which when injected with exogenous MSCs, allowed for the dual presence of MSCs at the site of action. Overall, these results suggest that SAPs can be applied with stem cells to potentiate angiogenesis, with potential therapeutic application in vascular diseases.
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Hsieh MK, Wu CJ, Chen CC, Tsai TT, Niu CC, Wu SC, Lai PL. BMP-2 gene transfection of bone marrow stromal cells to induce osteoblastic differentiation in a rat calvarial defect model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:806-816. [PMID: 30033316 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy for bone tissue engineering has been widely developed. Recently, non-viral DNA-based gene therapy has been reported to be a safer and more efficient method of delivering DNA into target cells. We used a non-viral gene transfection reagent to delivery bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene into bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Primary BMSCs were isolated from rat femurs and transfected with BMP-2 plasmids. The transfection rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The concentration of BMP-2 protein was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of osteopontin and osteocalcin were measured to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, we designed a critical-size calvarial defect rat model to study new bone regeneration, using Matrigel as a scaffold to carry BMP-2-transfected bone marrow stromal cells into the defect site. New bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography, X-ray, immunohistochemical staining and histomophometry. The transfection rate after 72 h was 31.5%. The BMP-2 protein level as well as osteopontin and osteocalcin expressions were higher in the experimental group (transfected with BMP-2) than the control group (transfected with green fluorescent protein, GFP). The in vivo study suggested that bone healing occurred 12 weeks after scaffold implantation. In addition, BMP-2-transfected bone marrow stromal cells provided better osteogenic differentiation than primary bone marrow stromal cells. Our findings suggest that non-viral gene therapy may be useful in bone tissue engineering. SIGNIFICANCE The study has clinical implications for the wider use of BMP-2-transfected BMSCs for cell-based transplantation therapy in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kai Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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35
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Fader KA, Nault R, Raehtz S, McCabe LR, Zacharewski TR. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin dose-dependently increases bone mass and decreases marrow adiposity in juvenile mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 348:85-98. [PMID: 29673856 PMCID: PMC5984050 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists have been shown to regulate bone development and remodeling in a species-, ligand-, and age-specific manner, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the effect of 0.01-30 μg/kg TCDD on the femoral morphology of male and female juvenile mice orally gavaged every 4 days for 28 days and used RNA-Seq to investigate gene expression changes associated with the resultant phenotype. Micro-computed tomography revealed that TCDD dose-dependently increased trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF) 2.9- and 3.3-fold in male and female femurs, respectively. Decreased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels, combined with a reduced osteoclast surface to bone surface ratio and repression of femoral proteases (cathepsin K, matrix metallopeptidase 13), suggests that TCDD impaired bone resorption. Increased osteoblast counts at the trabecular bone surface were consistent with a reciprocal reduction in the number of bone marrow adipocytes, suggesting AhR activation may direct mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards osteoblasts rather than adipocytes. Notably, femoral expression of transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (Gpnmb; osteoactivin), a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, was dose-dependently induced up to 18.8-fold by TCDD. Moreover, increased serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were in accordance with the renal induction of 1α-hydroxylase Cyp27b1 and may contribute to impaired bone resorption. Collectively, the data suggest AhR activation tipped the bone remodeling balance towards bone formation, resulting in increased bone mass with reduced marrow adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Sandi Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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36
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Marei MK, El Backly RM. Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Translational Regenerative Dentistry: From Artificial to Biological Replacement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:49. [PMID: 29770323 PMCID: PMC5941981 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentistry is a continuously changing field that has witnessed much advancement in the past century. Prosthodontics is that branch of dentistry that deals with replacing missing teeth using either fixed or removable appliances in an attempt to simulate natural tooth function. Although such "replacement therapies" appear to be easy and economic they fall short of ever coming close to their natural counterparts. Complications that arise often lead to failures and frequent repairs of such devices which seldom allow true physiological function of dental and oral-maxillofacial tissues. Such factors can critically affect the quality of life of an individual. The market for dental implants is continuously growing with huge economic revenues. Unfortunately, such treatments are again associated with frequent problems such as peri-implantitis resulting in an eventual loss or replacement of implants. This is particularly influential for patients having co-morbid diseases such as diabetes or osteoporosis and in association with smoking and other conditions that undoubtedly affect the final treatment outcome. The advent of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies along with the enormous strides taken in their associated interdisciplinary fields such as stem cell therapy, biomaterial development, and others may open arenas to enhancing tissue regeneration via designing and construction of patient-specific biological and/or biomimetic substitutes. This review will overview current strategies in regenerative dentistry while overviewing key roles of dental mesenchymal stem cells particularly those of the dental pulp, until paving the way to precision/translational regenerative medicine therapies for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Marei
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania M El Backly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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37
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Santos VH, Pfeifer JPH, de Souza JB, Milani BHG, de Oliveira RA, Assis MG, Deffune E, Moroz A, Alves ALG. Culture of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine synovial membrane in alginate hydrogel microcapsules. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:114. [PMID: 29587733 PMCID: PMC5870504 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hugo Santos
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Hübbe Pfeifer
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Brandão de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Betsabéia Heloisa Gentilha Milani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Antonio de Oliveira
- Departament of Statistics, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Golim Assis
- Departament of Graduate Program in Research and Development: Medical Biotechnology (Professional Master's) from the Blood Center of UNESP, Blood Centre Division, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n° -, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Departament of Urology, University of Medicine, UNESP, District of Rubião Junior s / n° - Blood Centre Division - Laboratory of Cellular Engineering, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Departament of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, FCFAR - UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, KM 01, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, s / n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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38
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Zayed M, Adair S, Ursini T, Schumacher J, Misk N, Dhar M. Concepts and challenges in the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for cartilage damage in the horse. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:317-323. [PMID: 29601969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease affecting humans and horses, is characterized by the advance and decline of cartilage and loss of function of the affected joint. The progression of OA is steadily accompanied with biochemical events, which interfere with the cytokines and proteolytic enzymes responsible for progress of the disease. Recently, regenerative therapies have been used with an assumption that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the potential to prevent the advancement of cartilage damage and potentially regenerate the injured tissue with an ultimate goal of preventing OA. We believe that despite various challenges, the use of allogenic versus autologous MSCs in cartilage regeneration, is a major issue which can directly or indirectly affect the other factors including, the timing of implantation, dose or cell numbers for implantation, and the source of MSCs. Current knowledge reporting some of these challenges that the clinicians might face in the treatment of cartilage damage in horses are presented. In this regard we conducted two independent studies. In the first study we compared donor matched bone marrow and synovial fluid - derived equine MSCs in vitro, and showed that the SFMSCs were similar to the BMMSCs in their proliferation, expression of CD29, CD44 and CD90, but, exhibited a significantly different chondrogenesis. Additionally, 3.2-21% of all SFMSCs were positive for MHC II, whereas, BMMSCs were negative. In the second study we observed that injection of both the autologous and allogenic SFMSCs into the tarsocrural joint resulted in elevated levels of total protein and total nucleated cell counts. Further experiments to evaluate the in vivo acute or chronic response to allogenic or autologous MSCs are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Steve Adair
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tena Ursini
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - James Schumacher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nabil Misk
- Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, 71526 Assuit, Egypt
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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39
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Wu Q, Zhan J, Pu S, Qin L, Li Y, Zhou Z. Influence of aging on the activity of mice Sca-1+CD31- cardiac stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29-41. [PMID: 27980224 PMCID: PMC5352119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic application of cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells (CSC/CPCs) is limited due to decline of their regenerative potential with donor age. A variety of studies have shown that the cardiac aging was the problem of the stem cells, but little is known about the impact of age on the subgroups CSC/CPCs, the relationship between subgroups CSC/CPCs ageing and age-related dysfunction. Here, we studied Sca-1+CD31− subgroups of CSCs from younger(2~3months) and older(22~24months) age mice, biological differentiation was realized using specific mediums for 14 days to induce cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells and immunostain analysis of differentiated cell resulting were done. Proliferation and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry assay, then used microarray to dissect variability from younger and older mice. Although the number of CSCs was higher in older mice, the advanced age significantly reduced the differentiation ability into cardiac cell lineages and the proliferation ability. Transcriptional changes in Sca-1+CD31− subgroups of CSCs during aging are related to Vitamin B6 metabolism, circadian rhythm, Tyrosine metabolism, Complement and coagulation cascades. Taking together these results indicate that Cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells have significant differences in their proliferative, pluripotency and gene profiles and those differences are age depending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinxi Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liu Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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40
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Ichihara Y, Kaneko M, Yamahara K, Koulouroudias M, Sato N, Uppal R, Yamazaki K, Saito S, Suzuki K. Self-assembling peptide hydrogel enables instant epicardial coating of the heart with mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of heart failure. Biomaterials 2018; 154:12-23. [PMID: 29117575 PMCID: PMC5768325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an emerging therapy for the treatment of heart failure. However, the delivery method of MSC is currently suboptimal. The use of self-assembling peptide hydrogels, including PuraMatrix® (PM; 3-D Matrix, Ltd), has been reported for clinical hemostasis and in research models. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of an advanced approach for MSC-therapy, that is coating of the epicardium with the instantly-produced PM hydrogel incorporating MSCs (epicardial PM-MSC therapy). We optimized the conditions/procedure to produce "instant" 2PM-MSC complexes. After spreading on the epicardium by easy pipetting, the PM-MSC complex promptly and stably adhere to the beating heart. Of note, this treatment achieved more extensive improvement of cardiac function, with greater initial retention and survival of donor MSCs, compared to intramyocardial MSC injection in rat heart failure models. This enhanced efficacy was underpinned by amplified myocardial upregulation of a group of tissue repair-related genes, which led to enhanced repair of the damaged myocardium, i.e. augmented microvascular formation and reduced interstitial fibrosis. These data suggest a potential for epicardial PM-MSC therapy to be a widely-adopted treatment of heart failure. This approach may also be useful for treating diseases in other organs than the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ichihara
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneko
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenichi Yamahara
- Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan
| | - Marinos Koulouroudias
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuhiko Sato
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rakesh Uppal
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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41
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Henrionnet C, Gillet P, Mainard D, Vincourt JB, Pinzano A. Label-free relative quantification of secreted proteins as a non-invasive method for the quality control of chondrogenesis in bioengineered substitutes for cartilage repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1757-e1766. [PMID: 28485490 DOI: 10.1002/term.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering is making progress, but the competing available strategies still leave room for improvement and consensual overviews regarding the best combinations of scaffolds and cell sources are limited by the capacity to compare them directly. In addition, because most strategies involve autologous cell transfer, once these are optimized, the resulting implants require individual quality control prior to grafting in order to emphasize patient-to-patient differential responsiveness to engineering processes. Here, cartilage substitutes prepared from human mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenic differentiation within distinct scaffolds were used as pilot samples to investigate the pertinence of a novel method with the aim of characterizing the implants. The limits and advantages of analysing, by label-free liquid chromatography-coupled matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (LC-MALDI) mass spectrometry, the secreted proteome released into culture medium by engineered cartilage tissues were investigated and compared with more classically used methods for biomaterial characterization. This method did not require sacrificing the biomaterials and robustly evidenced their chondrogenic statuses. In more detail, the method highlighted differences between batches prepared from distinct donors. It was adapted to distinct scaffolds and allowed a comparison of the influence of individual engineering steps, such as growth factor combinations and oxygen tension. Finally, it evidenced subtle changes between replicate substitutes within a series, thereby distinguishing the least and most accomplished ones. We conclude that relative quantification of secreted proteins through label-free LC-MALDI will be useful, not only to orientate engineering methodologies, but also to ultimately provide non-invasive quality control of engineered tissue substitutes for the repair of cartilage and possibly other connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Henrionnet
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Bâtiment Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Bâtiment Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Didier Mainard
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Bâtiment Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Vincourt
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Bâtiment Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Pinzano
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Bâtiment Biopôle - Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
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42
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Berglund AK, Fisher MB, Cameron KA, Poole EJ, Schnabel LV. Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Downregulates Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I and MHC II Surface Expression on Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Without Altering Other Phenotypic Cell Surface Markers. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:84. [PMID: 28660198 PMCID: PMC5466990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for treating musculoskeletal injuries in horses. Effective and safe allogeneic therapy may be hindered, however, by recipient immune recognition and rejection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched MSCs. Development of strategies to prevent immune rejection of MHC-mismatched MSCs in vivo is necessary to enhance cell survival and potentially increase the efficacy and safety of allogeneic MSC therapy. The purposes of this study were to evaluate if transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) downregulated MHC expression on equine MSCs and to determine if TGF-β2 treatment altered the phenotype of MSCs. Equine bone marrow-derived MSCs from 12 horses were treated with 1, 5, or 10 ng/ml TGF-β2 from initial isolation until MHC expression analysis. TGF-β2-treated MSCs had reduced MHC I and MHC II surface expression compared to untreated controls. TGF-β2 treatment also partially blocked IFN-γ-induced upregulation of MHC I and MHC II. Constitutive and IFN-γ-induced MHC I and MHC II expression on equine MSCs was dynamic and highly variable, and the effect of TGF-β2 was significantly dependent on the donor animal and baseline MHC expression. TGF-β2 treatment did not appear to change morphology, surface marker expression, MSC viability, or secretion of TGF-β1, but did significantly increase the number of cells obtained from culture. These results indicate that TGF-β2 treatment has promise for regulating MHC expression on MSCs to facilitate allogeneic therapy, but further work is needed to maintain MHC stability when exposed to an inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix K. Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Matthew B. Fisher
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristin A. Cameron
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Emma J. Poole
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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43
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Replenishing exosomes from older bone marrow stromal cells with miR-340 inhibits myeloma-related angiogenesis. Blood Adv 2017; 1:812-823. [PMID: 29296725 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the exosomes they secrete is considered promising for cancer therapy. However, little is known about the effect of donor age on BMSCs. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of BMSC exosomes derived from donors of different ages using an in vivo model of hypoxic bone marrow in multiple myeloma (MM). We found that donor age was strongly related to senescent changes in BMSCs. Exosomes derived from young BMSCs significantly inhibited MM-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs. The exosomal microRNA (miRNA) expression profile was different between young and older BMSCs, despite similarities in the size and quantity of exosomes. Of note was the observation that the antiangiogenic effect of older BMSCs was enhanced by direct transfection of miR-340 that was preferentially expressed in exosomes derived from young BMSCs. We found that miR-340 inhibited angiogenesis via the hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET (HGF/c-MET) signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Our data provide new insights into exosome-based cancer therapy by modification of BMSC-derived exosomes.
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Davis C, Dukes A, Drewry M, Helwa I, Johnson MH, Isales CM, Hill WD, Liu Y, Shi X, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW. MicroRNA-183-5p Increases with Age in Bone-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Suppresses Bone Marrow Stromal (Stem) Cell Proliferation, and Induces Stem Cell Senescence. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1231-1240. [PMID: 28363268 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicle- and exosome-mediated transport of microRNAs (miRNAs) represents a novel cellular and molecular pathway for cell-cell communication. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that these extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their miRNAs might change with age, contributing to age-related stem cell dysfunction. EVs were isolated from the bone marrow interstitial fluid (supernatant) of young (3-4 months) and aged (24-28 months) mice to determine whether the size, concentration, and miRNA profile of EVs were altered with age in vivo. Results show that EVs isolated from bone marrow are CD63 and CD9 positive, and the concentration and size distribution of bone marrow EVs are similar between the young and aged mice. Bioanalyzer data indicate that EVs from both young and aged mice are highly enriched in miRNAs, and the miRNA profile of bone marrow EVs differs significantly between the young and aged mice. Specifically, the miR-183 cluster (miR-96/-182/-183) is highly expressed in aged EVs. In vitro assays demonstrate that aged EVs are endocytosed by primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and these aged EVs inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of young BMSCs. Transfection of BMSCs with miR-183-5p mimic reduces cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, increases senescence, and decreases protein levels of the miR-183-5p target heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1). In vitro assays utilizing H2O2-induced oxidative stress show that H2O2 treatment of BMSCs increases the abundance of miR-183-5p in BMSC-derived EVs, and Amplex Red assays demonstrate that H2O2 is elevated in the bone marrow microenvironment with age. Together, these data indicate that aging and oxidative stress can significantly alter the miRNA cargo of EVs in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may in turn play a role in stem cell senescence and osteogenic differentiation by reducing Hmox1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Davis
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amy Dukes
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Michelle Drewry
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
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Gambari L, Lisignoli G, Gabusi E, Manferdini C, Paolella F, Piacentini A, Grassi F. Distinctive expression pattern of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase identifies mesenchymal stromal cells transition to mineralizing osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3574-3585. [PMID: 28121025 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key players in the repair or regeneration of the damaged bone tissue. However, heterogeneity exists between MSCs derived from different donors in their bone formation ability both in vitro and in vivo. The identification of markers defining MSCs with different functional phenotypes is fundamental to maximize their clinical potential. In our previous in vivo study, impaired expression in MSCs of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), the two key enzymes in the catabolic pathway of homocysteine, was associated to decreased bone formation and to the onset of osteoporosis in mice. Here, we investigated whether osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs (hMSCs) modulates the expression of CBS and CSE. The expression of CBS and CSE was also assessed during chondrogenesis to confirm the specificity of their expression during osteogenesis. hMSCs displayed a heterogeneous mineralizing capacity between donors (70% of the samples mineralized, while 30% did not mineralize). Inducible expression of CBS and CSE was found to be associated with a mineralizing phenotype in hMSCs. In particular, up-regulation of CSE was restricted to hMSCs undergoing mineralization. During chondrogenesis, CBS was significantly up-regulated while CSE expression was not affected. Ex-vivo findings confirmed that mature h-osteoblasts (hOBs) show consistently higher expression of CBS and CSE than hMSCs. Our data provide the first evidence that the expression of CBS and CSE in hMSCs closely correlates with the transition of hMSCs toward the osteoblastic phenotype and that CSE may constitute a novel marker of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- S.C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- S.C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- S.C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolella
- S.C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Piacentini
- S.C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Fafián-Labora J, Lesende-Rodriguez I, Fernández-Pernas P, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Monserrat L, Arntz OJ, Loo FJVD, Mateos J, Arufe MC. Effect of age on pro-inflammatory miRNAs contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43923. [PMID: 28262816 PMCID: PMC5338265 DOI: 10.1038/srep43923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells possess significant age-dependent differences in their immune-response profile. These differences were analysed by Next-Generation Sequencing of six age groups from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. A total of 9,628 genes presenting differential expression between age groups were grouped into metabolic pathways. We focused our research on young, pre-pubertal and adult groups, which presented the highest amount of differentially expressed genes related to inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways compared with the newborn group, which was used as a control. Extracellular vesicles extracted from each group were characterized by nanoparticle tracking and flow cytometry analysis, and several micro-RNAs were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction because of their relationship with the pathway of interest. Since miR-21-5p showed the highest statistically significant expression in extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells of the pre-pubertal group, we conducted a functional experiment inhibiting its expression and investigating the modulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and their link to damage-associated molecular patterns. Together, these results indicate for the first time that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have significant age-dependent differences in their immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - I. Lesende-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - P. Fernández-Pernas
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - S. Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Nutricional y Médica (FENM-CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - L. Monserrat
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - O. J. Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Huispost 272, route 272, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F. J. Van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Huispost 272, route 272, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Mateos
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M. C. Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC). CIBER-BBN/ISCIII. Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
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Mehrabani D, Mahdiyar P, Torabi K, Robati R, Zare S, Dianatpour M, Tamadon A. Growth kinetics and characterization of human dental pulp stem cells: Comparison between third molar and first premolar teeth. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e172-e177. [PMID: 28210430 PMCID: PMC5303312 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play an important role in tissue regeneration. This study compares the growth kinetics and characterization of third molar and first premolar human DPSCs. Material and Methods Dental pulp tissues were isolated from human first premolar and third molar teeth and were digested by treating them with collagenase type I. Single-cell suspensions from each dental pulp were seeded in T25 culture flasks and the media were replaced every 3 days until 70% confluence. The cells were enumerated to determine the population doubling time (PDT). Cells were characterized using flow cytometry, RT-PCR and osteogenic medium for differentiation of DPSCs. Karyotyping assay was also performed till passage 7th. Results The DPSCs had spindle-shaped morphology. There was an increase in PDT in third molar DPSCs when compared to first premolar teeth. Positive expression of CD44, CD73, and CD90 and negative expression of CD34 and CD45 were illustrated. A normal karyotype was visible for all seven passages. The Alizarin red staining was positive for osteogenic induction of DPSCs. Conclusions When DPSCs are needed, third molar teeth can be a good and convenient candidate for cell transplantation, yielding high number of cells with mesenchymal characteristics. They can be a source for further investigations in vitro and work on tissue engineering protocols. Key words:Stem cells, dental pulp, growth kinetics, characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Mehrabani
- Assistant Professor of Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Assistant Professor of Department of Developmental Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran; Assistant Professor of Department of Regenerative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Parisa Mahdiyar
- Assistant Professor of Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Torabi
- Associate Professor of Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Robati
- Assistant Professor of Department of Developmental Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Assistant Professor of Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Assistant Professor of Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Assistant Professor of Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Assistant Professor of Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Huang T, Liu R, Fu X, Yao D, Yang M, Liu Q, Lu WW, Wu C, Guan M. Aging Reduces an ERRalpha-Directed Mitochondrial Glutaminase Expression Suppressing Glutamine Anaplerosis and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:411-424. [PMID: 27501743 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging deteriorates osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), contributing to imbalanced bone remodeling and osteoporosis. Glutaminase (Gls) catabolizes glutamine into glutamate at the first step of mitochondrial glutamine (Gln)-dependent anaplerosis which is essential for MSCs upon osteogenic differentiation. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) regulates genes required for mitochondrial function. Here, we found that ERRα and Gls are upregulated by osteogenic induction in human MSCs (hMSCs). In contrast, osteogenic differentiation capacity and glutamine consumption of MSCs, as well as ERRα, Gls and osteogenic marker genes are significantly reduced with age. We demonstrated that ERRα binds to response elements on Gls promoter and affects glutamine anaplerosis through transcriptional induction of Gls. Conversely, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, ERRα inverse agonist compound 29 or Gls inhibitor BPTES leads to reduced Gln anaplerosis and deteriorated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Importantly, overexpression of ERRα or Gls restored impairment by these inhibitors. Finally, we proved that compensated ERRα or Gls expression indeed potentiated Gln anaplerosis and osteogenic capability of elderly mice MSCs in vitro. Together, we establish that Gls is a novel ERRα target gene and ERRα/Gls signaling pathway plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, providing new sights into novel regenerative therapeutics development. Our findings suggest that restoring age-related mitochondrial Gln-dependent anaplerosis may be beneficial for degenerative bone disorders such as osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2017;35:411-424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongling Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Renzhong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William W Lu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Hamrick MW. Role of the Cytokine-like Hormone Leptin in Muscle-bone Crosstalk with Aging. J Bone Metab 2017; 24:1-8. [PMID: 28326295 PMCID: PMC5357607 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2017.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine-like hormone leptin is a classic adipokine that is secreted by adipocytes, increases with weight gain, and decreases with weight loss. Additional studies have, however, shown that leptin is also produced by skeletal muscle, and leptin receptors are abundant in both skeletal muscle and bone-derived mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells. These findings suggest that leptin may play an important role in muscle-bone crosstalk. Leptin treatment in vitro increases the expression of myogenic genes in primary myoblasts, and leptin treatment in vivo increases the expression of microRNAs involved in myogenesis. Bone marrow adipogenesis is associated with low bone mass in humans and rodents, and leptin can reduce marrow adipogenesis centrally through its receptors in the hypothalamus as well as directly via its receptors in bone marrow stem cells. Yet, central leptin resistance can increase with age, and low circulating levels of leptin have been observed among the frail elderly. Thus, aging appears to significantly alter leptin-mediated crosstalk among various organs and tissues. Aging is associated with bone loss and muscle atrophy, contributing to frailty, postural instability, and the incidence of falls. Therapeutic interventions such as protein and amino acid supplementation that can increase muscle mass and muscle-derived leptin may have multiple benefits for the elderly that can potentially reduce the incidence of falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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50
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Zhou W, Zhang J, Lin K, Chen F. Comparison between mandibular and femur derived bone marrow stromal cells: osteogenic and angiogenic potentials in vitro and bone repairing ability in vivo. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
M-BMSCs contains stronger osteogenic and angiogenic potentials, and better bone repairing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
| | - Jinkai Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
| | - Kaili Lin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
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