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Hopkins SR, Jones IJ, Buck JC, LeBoa C, Kwong LH, Jacobsen K, Rickards C, Lund AJ, Nova N, MacDonald AJ, Lambert-Peck M, De Leo GA, Sokolow SH. Environmental Persistence of the World's Most Burdensome Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:892366. [PMID: 35875032 PMCID: PMC9305703 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.892366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans live in complex socio-ecological systems where we interact with parasites and pathogens that spend time in abiotic and biotic environmental reservoirs (e.g., water, air, soil, other vertebrate hosts, vectors, intermediate hosts). Through a synthesis of published literature, we reviewed the life cycles and environmental persistence of 150 parasites and pathogens tracked by the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study. We used those data to derive the time spent in each component of a pathogen's life cycle, including total time spent in humans versus all environmental stages. We found that nearly all infectious organisms were “environmentally mediated” to some degree, meaning that they spend time in reservoirs and can be transmitted from those reservoirs to human hosts. Correspondingly, many infectious diseases were primarily controlled through environmental interventions (e.g., vector control, water sanitation), whereas few (14%) were primarily controlled by integrated methods (i.e., combining medical and environmental interventions). Data on critical life history attributes for most of the 150 parasites and pathogens were difficult to find and often uncertain, potentially hampering efforts to predict disease dynamics and model interactions between life cycle time scales and infection control strategies. We hope that this synthetic review and associated database serve as a resource for understanding both common patterns among parasites and pathogens and important variability and uncertainty regarding particular infectious diseases. These insights can be used to improve systems-based approaches for controlling environmentally mediated diseases of humans in an era where the environment is rapidly changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar R. Hopkins
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Skylar R. Hopkins
| | - Isabel J. Jones
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
| | - Julia C. Buck
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Christopher LeBoa
- Department of Epidemiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura H. Kwong
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kim Jacobsen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chloe Rickards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Andrea J. Lund
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Andrew J. MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Miles Lambert-Peck
- United Nations University for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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2
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Receveur JP, Bauer A, Pechal JL, Picq S, Dogbe M, Jordan HR, Rakestraw AW, Fast K, Sandel M, Chevillon C, Guégan JF, Wallace JR, Benbow ME. A need for null models in understanding disease transmission: the example of Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer disease). FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:fuab045. [PMID: 34468735 PMCID: PMC8767449 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of ecosystems, humans and pathogens is important for disease risk estimation. This is particularly true for neglected and newly emerging diseases where modes and efficiencies of transmission leading to epidemics are not well understood. Using a model for other emerging diseases, the neglected tropical skin disease Buruli ulcer (BU), we systematically review the literature on transmission of the etiologic agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), within a One Health/EcoHealth framework and against Hill's nine criteria and Koch's postulates for making strong inference in disease systems. Using this strong inference approach, we advocate a null hypothesis for MU transmission and other understudied disease systems. The null should be tested against alternative vector or host roles in pathogen transmission to better inform disease management. We propose a re-evaluation of what is necessary to identify and confirm hosts, reservoirs and vectors associated with environmental pathogen replication, dispersal and transmission; critically review alternative environmental sources of MU that may be important for transmission, including invertebrate and vertebrate species, plants and biofilms on aquatic substrates; and conclude with placing BU within the context of other neglected and emerging infectious diseases with intricate ecological relationships that lead to disease in humans, wildlife and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Receveur
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexandra Bauer
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer L Pechal
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sophie Picq
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Magdalene Dogbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Heather R Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Alex W Rakestraw
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA
| | - Kayla Fast
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA
| | - Michael Sandel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA
| | - Christine Chevillon
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Montpellier, France
- UMR Animal, santé, territoires, risques et écosystèmes, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (Cirad), Université de Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
| | - John R Wallace
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA
| | - M Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Muleta AJ, Lappan R, Stinear TP, Greening C. Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009678. [PMID: 34437549 PMCID: PMC8389476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a rare but chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue disease found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia. While a moderate body of research has examined the distribution of M. ulcerans, the specific route(s) of transmission of this bacterium remain unknown, hindering control efforts. M. ulcerans is considered an environmental pathogen given it is associated with lentic ecosystems and human-to-human spread is negligible. However, the pathogen is also carried by various mammals and invertebrates, which may serve as key reservoirs and mechanical vectors, respectively. Here, we examine and review recent evidence from these endemic regions on potential transmission pathways, noting differences in findings between Africa and Australia, and summarising the risk and protective factors associated with Buruli ulcer transmission. We also discuss evidence suggesting that environmental disturbance and human population changes precede outbreaks. We note five key research priorities, including adoption of One Health frameworks, to resolve transmission pathways and inform control strategies to reduce the spread of Buruli ulcer. Buruli ulcer is a debilitating skin and soft tissue disease characterised by large ulcerative wounds that are treated with antibiotics or with adjunctive surgery for advanced cases. Found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia, the causative agent is the environmental bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. Lack of understanding of transmission pathways, combined with the absence of a vaccine, has hindered efforts to control the spread of M. ulcerans. Here, in order to identify probable transmission pathways and inform future studies, we review literature linking M. ulcerans to environmental reservoirs, mammalian hosts, and potential invertebrate vectors. We also summarise factors and behaviours that reduce the risk of developing Buruli ulcer, to inform effective prevention strategies and further shed light on transmission pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Muleta
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rachael Lappan
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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de Thoisy B, Duron O, Epelboin L, Musset L, Quénel P, Roche B, Binetruy F, Briolant S, Carvalho L, Chavy A, Couppié P, Demar M, Douine M, Dusfour I, Epelboin Y, Flamand C, Franc A, Ginouvès M, Gourbière S, Houël E, Kocher A, Lavergne A, Le Turnier P, Mathieu L, Murienne J, Nacher M, Pelleau S, Prévot G, Rousset D, Roux E, Schaub R, Talaga S, Thill P, Tirera S, Guégan JF. Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104916. [PMID: 34004361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
| | - Olivier Duron
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre Collaborateur OMS Pour La Surveillance Des Résistances Aux Antipaludiques, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle zones Endémiques, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Philippe Quénel
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Binetruy
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Agathe Chavy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yanouk Epelboin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Claude Flamand
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alain Franc
- UMR BIOGECO, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Cestas, France; Pleiade, EPC INRIA-INRAE-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux Talence, France
| | - Marine Ginouvès
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- UMR 5096 Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, France
| | - Arthur Kocher
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Paul Le Turnier
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôtel Dieu - INSERM CIC 1413, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luana Mathieu
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France; Malaria: Parasites and Hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de la Réunion, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; International Joint Laboratory "Sentinela" Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade de Brasília, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Rio de Janeiro RJ-21040-900, Brazil
| | - Roxane Schaub
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stanislas Talaga
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pauline Thill
- Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier Dron, Tourcoing, France
| | - Sourakhata Tirera
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; UMR ASTRE, INRAE, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Sepulcri C, Di Biagio A, Tutino S, Valente U, Barbieri R, Marchese A, Bassetti M. Buruli ulcer in a traveller returning from Madagascar: the first report of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection from the region. J Travel Med 2021; 28:5924366. [PMID: 33063113 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of Buruli ulcer diagnosed by tissue culture and PCR in a Caucasian male returning from Madagascar where he served as a health-care worker in the Antsiranana region.
To the best of our knowledge, this could be the first case of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection reported in Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Valente
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Université Nord Antsiranana (UNA), Antsiranana, Madagascar.,Le Polyclinique Universitaire, Antsiranana, Madagascar
| | | | - Anna Marchese
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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Aquatic Hemiptera in Southwest Cameroon: Biodiversity of Potential Reservoirs of Mycobacterium ulcerans and Multiple Wolbachia Sequence Types Revealed by Metagenomics. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a neglected tropical disease associated with freshwater habitats. A variety of limnic organisms harbor this pathogen, including aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), which have been hypothesized to be epidemiologically important reservoirs. Aquatic Hemiptera exhibit high levels of diversity in the tropics, but species identification remains challenging. In this study, we collected aquatic bugs from emerging foci of BU in the Southwest Region of Cameroon, which were identified using morphological and molecular methods. The bugs were screened for mycobacterial DNA and a selection of 20 mycobacteria-positive specimens from the families Gerridae and Veliidae were subjected to next-generation sequencing. Only one individual revealed putative M. ulcerans DNA, but all specimens contained sequences from the widespread alpha-proteobacterial symbiont, Wolbachia. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Wolbachia sequences into supergroups A, B, and F. Circularized mitogenomes were obtained for seven gerrids and two veliids, the first from these families for the African continent. This study suggests that aquatic Hemiptera may have a minor role (if any) in the spread of BU in Southwest Cameroon. Our metagenomic analysis provides new insights into the incursion of Wolbachia into aquatic environments and generated valuable resources to aid molecular taxonomic studies of aquatic Hemiptera.
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8
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Guégan JF, de Thoisy B, Ayouba A, Cappelle J. [Tropical forests, changes in land uses and emerging infectious hazards]. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2019; S1:91-106. [PMID: 31210496 DOI: 10.3917/spub.190.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forests have the greatest biodiversity in macroorganisms on the planet, and they are also the richest in myriads of microorganisms for which so little is known today. Over the last 50 years, many of these microbial forms, that are naturally embedded into wildlife or the environment, e.g. soil, water, have revealed to be more or less dangerous pathogens for people exposed to these new natural threats, i.e. emerging infectious diseases. Here, we discuss about the extraordinary diversity of microorganisms that are present in tropical rainforests. We first present the main global distribution patterns for microbial forms at the interface between tropical wildlife and human, and second we provide an epidemiological picture on how microbial transmission from wild animals or the environment to people operates in tropical areas through four case-studies. We examine the animal hosts or environment, and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic or environmentally-persistent microbes, and identify land-use changes through deforestation for the development of agriculture, and contacts with wildlife notably through bush meat hunting as major drivers that facilitate mixing of diverse animal hosts and their microbial communities with human during practices. With an increase of deforestation in the tropics and more contacts between wildlife and people, new emerging disease events with high epidemic and pandemic potential will happen, that should guide new health policies and strategies at the global scale.
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9
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Sanhueza D, Chevillon C, Bouzinbi N, Godreuil S, Guégan JF. Chitin Increases Mycobacterium ulcerans Growth in Acidic Environments. Microbes Environ 2018; 33:234-237. [PMID: 29910219 PMCID: PMC6031397 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species with a chitinous exoskeleton are overrepresented among the aquatic organisms carrying Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) in nature and laboratory experiments have demonstrated the enhancing effects of chitin on the growth of MU. Field surveys identified pH as one of the key parameters delineating the distribution of MU in tropical regions. The present study investigated the relationship between chitin and pH in MU growth. By focusing on pH variations in the field, our results revealed that chitin enhanced MU growth in acidic environments. The present study provides new information on the ecological conditions favoring the development of this mycobacterium in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanhueza
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Nicolas Bouzinbi
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU de Montpellier, Université de MontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU de Montpellier, Université de MontpellierFrance
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- International United Nations Program FutureEarth, OneHealth Core Research ProgramMontrealCanada
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10
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A protocol for culturing environmental strains of the Buruli ulcer agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6778. [PMID: 29712992 PMCID: PMC5928104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Contaminations and fastidiousness of M. ulcerans may have both hamper isolation of strains from environmental sources. We aimed to optimize decontamination and culture of environmental samples to circumvent both limitations. Three strains of M. ulcerans cultured onto Middlebrook 7H10 at 30 °C for 20 days yielded a significantly higher number of colonies in micro-aerophilic atmosphere compared to ambient atmosphere, 5% CO2 and anaerobic atmosphere. In a second step, we observed that M. ulcerans genome uniquely encoded chitinase, fucosidase and A-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoryl polyprenol A-3-L-rhamnosyl transferase giving M. ulcerans the potential to metabolize chitine, fucose and N-acetyl galactosamine (NAG), respectively. A significant growth-promoting effect of 0.2 mg/mL chitin (p < 0.05), 0.01 mg/mL N-acetyl galactosamine (p < 0.05), 0.01 mg/mL fucose (p < 0.05) was observed with M. ulcerans indicating that NAG alone or combined with fucose and chitin could complement Middlebrook 7H10. Finally, the protocol combining 1% chlorhexidine decontamination with micro-aerophilic incubation on Middlebrook 7H10 medium containing chitin (0.2%), NAG (0.01%) and fucose (0.01%) medium and auto-fluorescence detection of colonies allowed for the isolation of one mycolactone-encoding strain from Thryonomys swinderianus (aulacode) feces specimens collected near the Kossou Dam, Côte d'Ivoire. We propose that incubation of chlorhexidine-decontaminated environmental specimens on Middlebrook 7H10-enriched medium under micro-aerophilic atmosphere at 30 °C may be used for the tentative isolation of M. ulcerans strains from potential environmental sources.
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Abstract
Climate change is expected to impact across every domain of society, including health. The majority of the world's population is susceptible to pathological, infectious disease whose life cycles are sensitive to environmental factors across different physical phases including air, water and soil. Nearly all so-called neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) fall into this category, meaning that future geographic patterns of transmission of dozens of infections are likely to be affected by climate change over the short (seasonal), medium (annual) and long (decadal) term. This review offers an introduction into the terms and processes deployed in modelling climate change and reviews the state of the art in terms of research into how climate change may affect future transmission of NTDs. The 34 infections included in this chapter are drawn from the WHO NTD list and the WHO blueprint list of priority diseases. For the majority of infections, some evidence is available of which environmental factors contribute to the population biology of parasites, vectors and zoonotic hosts. There is a general paucity of published research on the potential effects of decadal climate change, with some exceptions, mainly in vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Booth
- Newcastle University, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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12
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Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 31:31/1/e00045-17. [PMID: 29237707 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is a noncontagious disabling cutaneous and subcutaneous mycobacteriosis reported by 33 countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The causative agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans, derives from Mycobacterium marinum by genomic reduction and acquisition of a plasmid-borne, nonribosomal cytotoxin mycolactone, the major virulence factor. M. ulcerans-specific sequences have been readily detected in aquatic environments in food chains involving small mammals. Skin contamination combined with any type of puncture, including insect bites, is the most plausible route of transmission, and skin temperature of <30°C significantly correlates with the topography of lesions. After 30 years of emergence and increasing prevalence between 1970 and 2010, mainly in Africa, factors related to ongoing decreasing prevalence in the same countries remain unexplained. Rapid diagnosis, including laboratory confirmation at the point of care, is mandatory in order to reduce delays in effective treatment. Parenteral and potentially toxic streptomycin-rifampin is to be replaced by oral clarithromycin or fluoroquinolone combined with rifampin. In the absence of proven effective primary prevention, avoiding skin contamination by means of clothing can be implemented in areas of endemicity. Buruli ulcer is a prototype of ecosystem pathology, illustrating the impact of human activities on the environment as a source for emerging tropical infectious diseases.
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13
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Garchitorena A, Sokolow SH, Roche B, Ngonghala CN, Jocque M, Lund A, Barry M, Mordecai EA, Daily GC, Jones JH, Andrews JR, Bendavid E, Luby SP, LaBeaud AD, Seetah K, Guégan JF, Bonds MH, De Leo GA. Disease ecology, health and the environment: a framework to account for ecological and socio-economic drivers in the control of neglected tropical diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160128. [PMID: 28438917 PMCID: PMC5413876 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is one of the key strategic targets advanced by the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite the unprecedented effort deployed for NTD elimination in the past decade, their control, mainly through drug administration, remains particularly challenging: persistent poverty and repeated exposure to pathogens embedded in the environment limit the efficacy of strategies focused exclusively on human treatment or medical care. Here, we present a simple modelling framework to illustrate the relative role of ecological and socio-economic drivers of environmentally transmitted parasites and pathogens. Through the analysis of system dynamics, we show that periodic drug treatments that lead to the elimination of directly transmitted diseases may fail to do so in the case of human pathogens with an environmental reservoir. Control of environmentally transmitted diseases can be more effective when human treatment is complemented with interventions targeting the environmental reservoir of the pathogen. We present mechanisms through which the environment can influence the dynamics of poverty via disease feedbacks. For illustration, we present the case studies of Buruli ulcer and schistosomiasis, two devastating waterborne NTDs for which control is particularly challenging.This article is part of the themed issue 'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garchitorena
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- PIVOT, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S H Sokolow
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - B Roche
- UMI UMMISCO 209 IRD/UPMC - Bondy, France
- UMR MIVEGEC 5290 CNRS - IRD - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C N Ngonghala
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M Jocque
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - A Lund
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Barry
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E A Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G C Daily
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J H Jones
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - J R Andrews
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E Bendavid
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S P Luby
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A D LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Seetah
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J F Guégan
- UMR MIVEGEC 5290 CNRS - IRD - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Future Earth international programme, OneHealth core research programme, Montréal, Canada
| | - M H Bonds
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- PIVOT, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G A De Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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14
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Meyin A Ebong S, García-Peña GE, Pluot-Sigwalt D, Marsollier L, Le Gall P, Eyangoh S, Guégan JF. Ecology and Feeding Habits Drive Infection of Water Bugs with Mycobacterium ulcerans. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:329-341. [PMID: 28315039 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, is present in a wide spectrum of environments, including terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in tropical regions. The most promising studies on the epidemiological risk of this disease suggest that some ecological settings may favor infection of animals with MU including human. A species' needs and impacts on resources and the environment, i.e., its ecological niche, may influence its susceptibility to be infected by this microbial form. For example, some Naucoridae may dive in fresh waters to prey upon infected animals and thus may get infected with MU. However, these studies have rarely considered that inference on the ecological settings favoring infection and transmission may be confounded because host carrier sister species have similar ecological niches, and potentially the same host-microbe interactions. Hence, a relationship between the ecological niche of Naucoridae and its infection with MU may be due to a symbiotic relationship between the host and the pathogen, rather than its ecological niche. To account for this confounding effect, we investigated the relationships between surrogates of the ecological niche of water bug species and their susceptibility to MU, by performing phylogenetic comparative analyses on a large dataset of 11 families of water bugs collected in 10 different sites across Cameroon, central Africa. Our results indicate that MU circulates and infects a couple of host taxa, i.e., Belostomatidae, Naucoridae, living both in the aquatic vegetation and as predators inside the trophic network and sister species of water bugs have indeed similar host-microbe interactions with MU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Meyin A Ebong
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex, France.
- Service de Mycobactériologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Gabriel E García-Peña
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), 13857, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3, France
| | - Dominique Pluot-Sigwalt
- Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR7205 CNRS/MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Marsollier
- Inserm Avenir ATOMycA CRCNA Inserm U892 & CNRS U6299, Université et CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Le Gall
- UMR EGCE IRD, CNRS et Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Centre CNRS de Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sara Eyangoh
- Service de Mycobactériologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex, France
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15
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Douine M, Gozlan R, Nacher M, Dufour J, Reynaud Y, Elguero E, Combe M, Velvin CJ, Chevillon C, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Labbé S, Sainte-Marie D, Guégan JF, Pradinaud R, Couppié P. Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer) in French Guiana, South America, 1969-2013: an epidemiological study. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e65-e73. [PMID: 29851583 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium ulcerans infection is the third most common mycobacterial disease in the world after tuberculosis and leprosy. To date, transmission pathways from its environmental reservoir to humans are still unknown. In South America, French Guiana has the highest reported number of M ulcerans infections across the continent. This empirical study aimed to characterise the epidemiology of M ulcerans infection in French Guiana between 1969 and 2013. METHODS Data were collected prospectively mainly by two dermatologists at Cayenne Hospital's dermatology department between Jan 1, 1969, and Dec 31, 2013, for age, date of diagnosis, sex, residence, location of the lesion, type of lesion, associated symptoms, and diagnostic method (smear, culture, PCR, or histology) for all confirmed and suspected cases of M ulcerans. We obtained population data from censuses. We calculated mean M ulcerans infection incidences, presented as the number of cases per 100 000 person-years. FINDINGS 245 patients with M ulcerans infections were reported at Cayenne Hospital's dermatology department during the study period. M ulcerans infection incidence decreased over time, from 6·07 infections per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 4·46-7·67) in 1969-83 to 4·77 infections per 100 000 person-years (3·75-5·79) in 1984-98 and to 3·49 infections per 100 000 person-years (2·83-4·16) in 1999-2013. The proportion of children with infections also declined with time, from 42 (76%) of 55 patients in 1969-83 to 26 (31%) of 84 in 1984-98 and to 22 (21%) of 106 in 1999-2013. Most cases occurred in coastal areas surrounded by marshy savannah (incidence of 21·08 per 100 000 person-years in Sinnamary and 21·18 per 100 000 person-years in Mana). Lesions mainly affected limbs (lower limbs 161 [66%] patients; upper limbs 60 [24%] patients). We diagnosed no bone infections. INTERPRETATION The decrease of M ulcerans infection incidence and the proportion of children with infections over a 45 year period in this ultra-peripheral French territory might have been mostly driven by improving living conditions, prophylactic recommendations, and access to health care. FUNDING Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, EA3593 Epidémiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Rodolphe Gozlan
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, EA3593 Epidémiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Julie Dufour
- Service de Dermatologie, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yann Reynaud
- Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria Unit, Morne Jolivière, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Eric Elguero
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Combe
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Camilla J Velvin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Chevillon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Berlioz-Arthaud
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sylvain Labbé
- Service D'Anatomie-Pathologique, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Jean-François Guégan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier, Centre Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Future Earth United Nations International Programme, OneHealth Research Initiative, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Pradinaud
- Service de Dermatologie, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Service de Dermatologie, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Guyane, EA3593 Epidémiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana.
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16
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Combe M, Velvin CJ, Morris A, Garchitorena A, Carolan K, Sanhueza D, Roche B, Couppié P, Guégan JF, Gozlan RE. Global and local environmental changes as drivers of Buruli ulcer emergence. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e21. [PMID: 28442755 PMCID: PMC5457673 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many emerging infectious diseases are caused by generalist pathogens that infect and transmit via multiple host species with multiple dissemination routes, thus confounding the understanding of pathogen transmission pathways from wildlife reservoirs to humans. The emergence of these pathogens in human populations has frequently been associated with global changes, such as socio-economic, climate or biodiversity modifications, by allowing generalist pathogens to invade and persist in new ecological niches, infect new host species, and thus change the nature of transmission pathways. Using the case of Buruli ulcer disease, we review how land-use changes, climatic patterns and biodiversity alterations contribute to disease emergence in many parts of the world. Here we clearly show that Mycobacterium ulcerans is an environmental pathogen characterized by multi-host transmission dynamics and that its infectious pathways to humans rely on the local effects of global environmental changes. We show that the interplay between habitat changes (for example, deforestation and agricultural land-use changes) and climatic patterns (for example, rainfall events), applied in a local context, can lead to abiotic environmental changes and functional changes in local biodiversity that favor the pathogen's prevalence in the environment and may explain disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Combe
- Centre IRD de Montpellier, Département Santé, UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Camilla Jensen Velvin
- Centre IRD de Montpellier, Département Santé, UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Aaron Morris
- The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Andres Garchitorena
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- PIVOT, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Carolan
- Computational & Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Daniel Sanhueza
- Centre IRD de Montpellier, Département Santé, UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- UMMISCO, Département Sociétés et Mondialisation, UMI IRD-UPMC 209, 93143 Bondy, France
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Université de Guyane, EA3593 Epidémiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Service de Dermatologie, Cayenne Hospital, rue des Flamboyant, BP 6006, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- Centre IRD de Montpellier, Département Santé, UMR MIVEGEC IRD-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Future Earth International Programme, OneHealth Global Research Project, Future Earth Montréal Hub, Montréal, QC H3H 2L3, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Elie Gozlan
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Département Ecologie, Biodiversité et Fonctionnement des Ecosystemes Continentaux, UMR BOREA IRD 207, CNRS 7208, MNHN, UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
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17
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Guégan JF. [Emerging infectious diseases: complex, unpredictable processes]. Biol Aujourdhui 2017; 210:205-209. [PMID: 28327279 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the light of a double approach, at first empirical, later theoretical and comparative, illustrated by the example of the Buruli ulcer and its mycobacterial agent Mycobacterium ulcerans on which I focused my research activity these last ten years by studying determinants and factors of emerging infectious or parasitic diseases, the complexity of events explaining emerging diseases will be presented. The cascade of events occurring at various levels of spatiotemporal scales and organization of life, which lead to the numerous observed emergences, nowadays requires better taking into account the interactions between host(s), pathogen(s) and the environment by including the behavior of both individuals and the population. In numerous research studies on emerging infectious diseases, microbial hazard is described rather than infectious disease risk, the latter resulting from the confrontation between an association of threatening phenomena, or hazards, and a susceptible population. Beyond, the theme of emerging infectious diseases and its links with global environmental and societal changes leads to reconsider some well-established knowledge in infectiology and parasitology.
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18
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Zingue D, Bouam A, Militello M, Drancourt M. High-Throughput Carbon Substrate Profiling of Mycobacterium ulcerans Suggests Potential Environmental Reservoirs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005303. [PMID: 28095422 PMCID: PMC5271411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium ulcerans is a close derivative of Mycobacterium marinum and the agent of Buruli ulcer in some tropical countries. Epidemiological and environmental studies pointed towards stagnant water ecosystems as potential sources of M. ulcerans, yet the ultimate reservoirs remain elusive. We hypothesized that carbon substrate determination may help elucidating the spectrum of potential reservoirs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a first step, high-throughput phenotype microarray Biolog was used to profile carbon substrates in one M. marinum and five M. ulcerans strains. A total of 131/190 (69%) carbon substrates were metabolized by at least one M. ulcerans strain, including 28/190 (15%) carbon substrates metabolized by all five M. ulcerans strains of which 21 substrates were also metabolized by M. marinum. In a second step, 131 carbon substrates were investigated, through a bibliographical search, for their known environmental sources including plants, fruits and vegetables, bacteria, algae, fungi, nematodes, mollusks, mammals, insects and the inanimate environment. This analysis yielded significant association of M. ulcerans with bacteria (p = 0.000), fungi (p = 0.001), algae (p = 0.003) and mollusks (p = 0.007). In a third step, the Medline database was cross-searched for bacteria, fungi, mollusks and algae as potential sources of carbon substrates metabolized by all tested M. ulcerans; it indicated that 57% of M. ulcerans substrates were associated with bacteria, 18% with alga, 11% with mollusks and 7% with fungi. CONCLUSIONS This first report of high-throughput carbon substrate utilization by M. ulcerans would help designing media to isolate and grow this pathogen. Furthermore, the presented data suggest that potential M. ulcerans environmental reservoirs might be related to micro-habitats where bacteria, fungi, algae and mollusks are abundant. This should be followed by targeted investigations in Buruli ulcer endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezemon Zingue
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, IRD, URMITE, Marseille, France
| | - Amar Bouam
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, IRD, URMITE, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Militello
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, IRD, URMITE, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, IRD, URMITE, Marseille, France
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19
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Sanders ML, Jordan HR, Serewis-Pond C, Zheng L, Benbow ME, Small PL, Tomberlin JK. Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin, mycolactone may enhance host-seeking and oviposition behaviour by Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Environ Microbiol 2016; 19:1750-1760. [PMID: 27907248 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ecological functions of many toxins continue to remain unknown for those produced by environmental pathogens. Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease, Buruli ulcer, produces a cytotoxic macrolide, mycolactone, whose function(s) in the environment remains elusive. Through a series of dual-choice behaviour assays, they show that mycolactone may be an interkingdom cue for the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, seeking blood-meals as well as oviposition sites. Results provide novel insight into the evolution between bacteria and potential vectors. While further studies are needed to determine if mycolactone is an actual signal rather than simply a cue, this discovery could serve as a model for determining roles for toxins produced by other environmental pathogens and provide opportunities for developing novel strategies for disease prevention. The relationship between M. ulcerans, mycolactone, and Ae. aegypti further suggests there could be an amplification effect for the spread of pathogens responsible for other diseases, such as yellow fever and dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sanders
- Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H R Jordan
- Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | | | - L Zheng
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M E Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - P L Small
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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