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Huang C, Huang Z, Wang P, Wu X, Zhou Q, Ding J, Luo Q, Wu W, Fan X, Fan L. Case report: A novel nonsense mutation in the MARVELD2 gene causes nonsyndromic hearing loss in a China family. Front Genet 2024; 15:1507600. [PMID: 39698467 PMCID: PMC11652519 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1507600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The MARVELD2 gene is located on chromosome 5q13.2 and is associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (OMIM: # 610572). In this study, we identified and reported a novel nonsense mutation in MARVELD2 c. 663G > A in a Chinese family. We collected peripheral venous blood from 19 members of the affected family and performed whole exome sequencing to analyze the mutation genotype. A single-nucleotide mutation was detected in MARVELD2. Five individuals in the family carried the MARVELD2 c.663G>A mutation; one of them was homozygous and showed severe congenital deafness and language impairment. The next-generation sequencing results were validated by Sanger sequencing. This study expands the spectrum of MARVELD2 mutations that cause nonsyndromic hearing loss and provides insights into the molecular pathogenesis underlying deafness. This finding has important implications for genetic screening, diagnosis, counseling, and research of deafness-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuican Huang
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenning Huang
- School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xijing Wu
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qiaomiao Zhou
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xialin Fan
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lichun Fan
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical sciences, Haikou, China
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
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2
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Wendrich K, Gallant K, Recknagel S, Petroulia S, Kazi NH, Hane JA, Führer S, Bezstarosti K, O'Dea R, Demmers J, Gersch M. Discovery and mechanism of K63-linkage-directed deubiquitinase activity in USP53. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01777-0. [PMID: 39587316 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) represent the largest class of human deubiquitinases (DUBs) and comprise its phylogenetically most distant members USP53 and USP54, which are annotated as catalytically inactive pseudoenzymes. Conspicuously, mutations within the USP domain of USP53 cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Here, we report the discovery that USP53 and USP54 are active DUBs with high specificity for K63-linked polyubiquitin. We demonstrate how USP53 mutations abrogate catalytic activity, implicating loss of DUB activity in USP53-mediated pathology. Depletion of USP53 increases K63-linked ubiquitination of tricellular junction components. Assays with substrate-bound polyubiquitin reveal that USP54 cleaves within K63-linked chains, whereas USP53 can en bloc deubiquitinate substrate proteins in a K63-linkage-dependent manner. Biochemical and structural analyses uncover underlying K63-specific S2 ubiquitin-binding sites within their catalytic domains. Collectively, our work revises the annotation of USP53 and USP54, provides reagents and a mechanistic framework to investigate K63-linked polyubiquitin decoding and establishes K63-linkage-directed deubiquitination as a new DUB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wendrich
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai Gallant
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sarah Recknagel
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stavroula Petroulia
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nafizul Haque Kazi
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan André Hane
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Siska Führer
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel O'Dea
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malte Gersch
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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3
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Shi X, Liu X, Zong Y, Zhao Z, Sun Y. Novel compound heterozygous variants in MARVELD2 causing autosomal recessive hearing loss in two Chinese families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2502. [PMID: 39078259 PMCID: PMC11287821 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hearing loss is an important component of congenital hearing loss. MARVELD2 (OMIM ID:610572), located in the DFNB49 locus, which encodes a tight junction protein tricellulin playing an important role in the sensory epithelial barrier of the inner ear, may contribute to nonsyndromic autosomal recessive hereditary hearing loss. METHODS Two Han Chinese pedigrees with hearing loss underwent clinical and genetic analyses. Variants were detected by targeted next-generation sequencing and sequencing data were compared with the Human Genome Reference (GRCh 37/hg 19) to identify mutant genes and loci. Furthermore, online tools such as RDDC, SpliceAI, and REVEL were used to predict risks from different variants. RESULTS Both two probands failed neonatal hearing screening and were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 3 mutations were detected in the two families, c.1331+1G>A, c.1325A>G, and c.782G>A. According to ACMG/AMP guidelines, they were judged to be pathogenic, uncertain significance, and uncertain significance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between different variants of MARVELD2 and hearing. This could further expand the spectrum of deafness gene mutations and contribute to deafness patient management and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shi
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and RegenerationWuhanChina
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and RegenerationWuhanChina
| | - Yanjun Zong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and RegenerationWuhanChina
| | - Zhengdong Zhao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and RegenerationWuhanChina
| | - Yu Sun
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and RegenerationWuhanChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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4
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Dithmer S, Blasig IE, Fraser PA, Qin Z, Haseloff RF. The Basic Requirement of Tight Junction Proteins in Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Their Role in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5601. [PMID: 38891789 PMCID: PMC11172262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the role of tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their expression is described, and their role in physiological and pathological processes at the BBB is discussed. Based on this, new approaches are depicted for paracellular drug delivery and diagnostics in the treatment of cerebral diseases. Recent data provide convincing evidence that, in addition to its impairment in the course of diseases, the BBB could be involved in the aetiology of CNS disorders. Further progress will be expected based on new insights in tight junction protein structure and in their involvement in signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dithmer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
| | - Ingolf E. Blasig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
| | | | - Zhihai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Reiner F. Haseloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
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5
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Citi S, Fromm M, Furuse M, González-Mariscal L, Nusrat A, Tsukita S, Turner JR. A short guide to the tight junction. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261776. [PMID: 38712627 PMCID: PMC11128289 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells of epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers that establish and maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, the formation of TJs represents a critical step in metazoan evolution, allowing the formation of multicompartmental organisms and true, barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In the six decades that have passed since the first observations of TJs by transmission electron microscopy, much progress has been made in understanding the structure, function, molecular composition and regulation of TJs. The goal of this Perspective is to highlight the key concepts that have emerged through this research and the future challenges that lie ahead for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Citi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fromm
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin,Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodajii, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, México
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Mucosal Biology and Inflammation Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 4057 Biomedical Science Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (ACRO),Teikyo University, Kaga 2-21-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 01125, USA
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6
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Goncalves A, Antonetti DA. Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:86. [PMID: 36320068 PMCID: PMC9628113 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Pericytes, glia cells and neurons signal to endothelial cells (ECs) to form and maintain the barriers and control blood flow, helping to create the neurovascular unit. This barrier is lost in a wide range of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and retina such as brain tumors, stroke, dementia, and in the eye, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions and age-related macular degeneration to name prominent examples. Recent studies directly link barrier changes to promotion of disease pathology and degradation of neuronal function. Understanding how these barriers form and how to restore these barriers in disease provides an important point for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the blood-tissue barriers of the CNS and how the use of transgenic animal models led to our current understanding of the molecular framework of these barriers. The review also highlights examples of targeting barrier properties to protect neuronal function in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Goncalves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall St Rm, Ann Arbor, MI, 7317, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall St Rm, Ann Arbor, MI, 7317, USA.
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7
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Saito AC, Endo C, Fukazawa Y, Higashi T, Chiba H. Effects of TAMP family on the tight junction strand network and barrier function in epithelial cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:234-250. [PMID: 36069127 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Occludin, tricellulin, and marvelD3 belong to the tight junction (TJ)-associated MARVEL protein family. Occludin and tricellulin jointly contribute to TJ strand branching point formation and epithelial barrier maintenance. However, whether marvelD3 has the same function remains unclear. Furthermore, the roles of the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail, which is conserved in occludin and tricellulin, on the regulation of TJ strand morphology have not yet been explored in epithelial cells. We established tricellulin/occludin/marveld3 triple-gene knockout (tKO) MDCK II cells and evaluated the roles of marvelD3 in the TJ strand structure and barrier function using MDCK II cells and a mathematical model. The complexity of TJ strand networks and paracellular barrier did not change in tKO cells compared to that in tricellulin/occludin double-gene knockout (dKO) cells. Exogenous marvelD3 expression in dKO cells did not increase the complexity of TJ strand networks and epithelial barrier tightness. The expression of the carboxy-terminal truncation mutant of tricellulin restored the barrier function in the dKO cells, whereas occludin lacking the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail was not expressed on the plasma membrane. These data suggest that marvelD3 does not affect the morphology of TJ strands and barrier function in MDCK II cells and that the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail of tricellulin is dispensable for barrier improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira C Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chisato Endo
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Science, Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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8
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Rap1 controls epiblast morphogenesis in sync with the pluripotency states transition. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1937-1956.e8. [PMID: 35998584 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The complex architecture of the murine fetus originates from a simple ball of pluripotent epiblast cells, which initiate morphogenesis upon implantation. In turn, this establishes an intermediate state of tissue-scale organization of the embryonic lineage in the form of an epithelial monolayer, where patterning signals delineate the body plan. However, how this major morphogenetic process is orchestrated on a cellular level and synchronized with the developmental progression of the epiblast is still obscure. Here, we identified that the small GTPase Rap1 plays a critical role in reshaping the pluripotent lineage. We found that Rap1 activity is controlled via Oct4/Esrrb input and is required for the transmission of polarization cues, which enables the de novo epithelialization and formation of tricellular junctions in the epiblast. Thus, Rap1 acts as a molecular switch that coordinates the morphogenetic program in the embryonic lineage, in sync with the cellular states of pluripotency.
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9
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Hudson N, Campbell M. Tight Junctions of the Neurovascular Unit. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:752781. [PMID: 34867185 PMCID: PMC8640090 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.752781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic balance of the brain and retina is maintained by the presence of the blood-brain and inner blood-retinal barrier (BBB/iBRB, respectively) which are highly specialized barriers. Endothelial cells forming the lining of these blood vessels are interconnected by the presence of tight junctions which form the BBB and iBRB. These tight junctions, formed of numerous interacting proteins, enable the entry of molecules into neural tissues while restricting the entry of harmful material such as anaphylatoxins, bacteria and viruses. If the tight junction complex becomes dysregulated due to changes in expression levels of one or more of the components, this can have detrimental effects leading to brain and retinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hudson
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Hashimoto Y, Campbell M, Tachibana K, Okada Y, Kondoh M. Claudin-5: A Pharmacological Target to Modify the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1380-1390. [PMID: 34602546 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-5 is the dominant tight junction protein in brain endothelial cells and exclusively limits the paracellular permeability of molecules larger than 400 Da across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its pathological impairment or sustained down-regulation has been shown to lead to the progression of psychiatric and neurological disorders, whereas its expression under physiological conditions prevents the passage of drugs across the BBB. While claudin-5 enhancers could potentially act as vascular stabilizers to treat neurological diseases, claudin-5 inhibitors could function as delivery systems to enhance the brain uptake of hydrophilic small-molecular-weight drugs. Therefore, the effects of claudin-5 manipulation on modulating the BBB in different neurological diseases requires further examination. To manipulate claudin-5 expression levels and function, several claudin-5 modulating molecules have been developed. In this review, we first describe the molecular, cellular and pathological aspects of claudin-5 to highlight the mechanisms of claudin-5 enhancers/inhibitors. We then discuss recently developed claudin-5 enhancers/inhibitors and new methods to discover these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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11
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Sugawara T, Furuse K, Otani T, Wakayama T, Furuse M. Angulin-1 seals tricellular contacts independently of tricellulin and claudins. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202005062. [PMID: 34269802 PMCID: PMC8289698 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) are specialized tight junctions (TJs) that seal the intercellular space at tricellular contacts (TCs), where the vertices of three epithelial cells meet. Tricellulin and angulin family membrane proteins are known constituents of tTJs, but the molecular mechanism of tTJ formation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the roles of angulin-1 and tricellulin in tTJ formation in MDCK II cells by genome editing. Angulin-1-deficient cells lost the plasma membrane contact at TCs with impaired epithelial barrier function. The C terminus of angulin-1 bound to the TJ scaffold protein ZO-1, and disruption of their interaction influenced the localization of claudins at TCs, but not the tricellular sealing. Strikingly, the plasma membrane contact at TCs was formed in tricellulin- or claudin-deficient cells. These findings demonstrate that angulin-1 is responsible for the plasma membrane seal at TCs independently of tricellulin and claudins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Sugawara
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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12
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Stojkovic M, Han D, Jeong M, Stojkovic P, Stankovic KM. Human induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR/Cas-mediated targeted genome editing: Platforms to tackle sensorineural hearing loss. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:673-696. [PMID: 33586253 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is a major global health problem of pandemic proportions. The most common type of HL is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) which typically occurs when cells within the inner ear are damaged. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from any individual including those who suffer from different types of HL. The development of new differentiation protocols to obtain cells of the inner ear including hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) promises to expedite cell-based therapy and screening of potential pharmacologic and genetic therapies using human models. Considering age-related, acoustic, ototoxic, and genetic insults which are the most frequent causes of irreversible damage of HCs and SGNs, new methods of genome editing (GE), especially the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, could bring additional opportunities to understand the pathogenesis of human SNHL and identify novel therapies. However, important challenges associated with both hiPSCs and GE need to be overcome before scientific discoveries are correctly translated to effective and patient-safe applications. The purpose of the present review is (a) to summarize the findings from published reports utilizing hiPSCs for studies of SNHL, hence complementing recent reviews focused on animal studies, and (b) to outline promising future directions for deciphering SNHL using disruptive molecular and genomic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Stojkovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dongjun Han
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minjin Jeong
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petra Stojkovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Tight Junction Modulating Bioprobes for Drug Delivery System to the Brain: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121236. [PMID: 33352631 PMCID: PMC7767277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons, separates the brain extracellular fluid from the circulating blood, and maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB endothelial cells have well-developed tight junctions (TJs) and express specific polarized transport systems to tightly control the paracellular movements of solutes, ions, and water. There are two types of TJs: bicellular TJs (bTJs), which is a structure at the contact of two cells, and tricellular TJs (tTJs), which is a structure at the contact of three cells. Claudin-5 and angulin-1 are important components of bTJs and tTJs in the brain, respectively. Here, we review TJ-modulating bioprobes that enable drug delivery to the brain across the BBB, focusing on claudin-5 and angulin-1.
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Lohmann S, Giampietro C, Pramotton FM, Al‐Nuaimi D, Poli A, Maiuri P, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A. The Role of Tricellulin in Epithelial Jamming and Unjamming via Segmentation of Tricellular Junctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001213. [PMID: 32775171 PMCID: PMC7404176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collective cellular behavior in confluent monolayers supports physiological and pathological processes of epithelial development, regeneration, and carcinogenesis. Here, the attainment of a mature and static tissue configuration or the local reactivation of cell motility involve a dynamic regulation of the junctions established between neighboring cells. Tricellular junctions (tTJs), established at vertexes where three cells meet, are ideally located to control cellular shape and coordinate multicellular movements. However, their function in epithelial tissue dynamic remains poorly defined. To investigate the role of tTJs establishment and maturation in the jamming and unjamming transitions of epithelial monolayers, a semi-automatic image-processing pipeline is developed and validated enabling the unbiased and spatially resolved determination of the tTJ maturity state based on the localization of fluorescent reporters. The software resolves the variation of tTJ maturity accompanying collective transitions during tissue maturation, wound healing, and upon the adaptation to osmolarity changes. Altogether, this work establishes junctional maturity at tricellular contacts as a novel biological descriptor of collective responses in epithelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lohmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyExperimental Continuum MechanicsDübendorf8600Switzerland
| | | | - Dunja Al‐Nuaimi
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Poli
- IFOM‐ The FIRC Institute of Molecular OncologySpatiotemporal organization of the nucleus UnitMilan20139Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM‐ The FIRC Institute of Molecular OncologySpatiotemporal organization of the nucleus UnitMilan20139Italy
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyExperimental Continuum MechanicsDübendorf8600Switzerland
- Institute for Mechanical SystemsETH ZurichZürich8092Switzerland
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Hashimoto Y, Tachibana K, Kondoh M. Tight junction modulators for drug delivery to the central nervous system. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1477-1486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Nadar-Ponniah PT, Taiber S, Caspi M, Koffler-Brill T, Dror AA, Siman-Tov R, Rubinstein M, Padmanabhan K, Luxenburg C, Lang RA, Avraham KB, Rosin-Arbesfeld R. Striatin Is Required for Hearing and Affects Inner Hair Cells and Ribbon Synapses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:615. [PMID: 32766247 PMCID: PMC7381154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatin, a subunit of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, is a core member of the conserved striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes. The protein is expressed in the cell junctions between epithelial cells, which play a role in maintaining cell-cell adhesion. Since the cell junctions are crucial for the function of the mammalian inner ear, we examined the localization and function of striatin in the mouse cochlea. Our results show that in neonatal mice, striatin is specifically expressed in the cell-cell junctions of the inner hair cells, the receptor cells in the mammalian cochlea. Auditory brainstem response measurements of striatin-deficient mice indicated a progressive, high-frequency hearing loss, suggesting that striatin is essential for normal hearing. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs of the organ of Corti revealed a moderate degeneration of the outer hair cells in the middle and basal regions, concordant with the high-frequency hearing loss. Additionally, striatin-deficient mice show aberrant ribbon synapse maturation. Loss of the outer hair cells, combined with the aberrant ribbon synapse distribution, may lead to the observed auditory impairment. Together, these results suggest a novel function for striatin in the mammalian auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh T. Nadar-Ponniah
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Taiber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Caspi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Koffler-Brill
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amiel A. Dror
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ronen Siman-Tov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Rubinstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A. Lang
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Karen B. Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Angulin-2/ILDR1, a tricellular tight junction protein, does not affect water transport in the mouse large intestine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10374. [PMID: 32587380 PMCID: PMC7316798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angulin-2/ILDR1 is a member of the angulin protein family, which is exclusively expressed at tricellular tight junctions in epithelia. Tricellular tight junctions are found where three cells meet and where three bicellular tight junction strands converge. Tricellular tight junctions are thought to be important for paracellular permeability of ions and water in epithelial tissues. It was recently reported that angulin-2/ILDR1 knockout mice have water transport abnormalities in the kidney. Since angulin-2/ILDR1 is the main tricellular tight junction protein in the large intestine, the goal of this research was to examine the effect of angulin-2/ILDR1 knockout on large intestinal paracellular water transport. We found that Ildr1 knockout mice showed no detectable phenotype other than deafness. In addition, paracellular transport as assessed by Ussing chamber was unchanged in Ildr1 knockout mice. However, we found that in the colon and the kidney of Ildr1 knockout mice, another tricellular tight junction protein, angulin-1/LSR, changes its expression pattern. We propose that with this replacement in tissue localization, angulin-1/LSR compensates for the loss of angulin-2/ILDR1 and maintains the barrier and function of the epithelia in the large intestine as well as the kidney.
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Post-translational modifications of tight junction transmembrane proteins and their direct effect on barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183330. [PMID: 32376223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination or glycosylation are processes affecting the conformation, stability, localization and function of proteins. There is clear evidence that PTMs can act upon tight junction (TJ) proteins, thus modulating epithelial barrier function. Compared to transcriptional or translational regulation, PTMs are rapid and more dynamic processes so in the context of barrier maintenance they might be essential for coping with changing environmental or external impacts. The aim of this review is to extract literature deciphering PTMs in TJ proteins directly contributing to epithelial barrier changes in permeability to ions and macromolecules. It is not intended to cover the entire scope of PTMs in TJ proteins and should rather be understood as a digest of TJ protein modifications directly resulting in the tightening or opening of the epithelial barrier.
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Hashimoto Y, Campbell M. Tight junction modulation at the blood-brain barrier: Current and future perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183298. [PMID: 32353377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the one of the most robust physical barriers in the body, comprised of tight junction (TJ) proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells. The need for drugs to treat central nervous systems diseases is ever increasing, however the presence of the BBB significantly hampers the uptake of drugs into the brain. To overcome or circumvent the barrier, many kinds of techniques are being developed. Modulating the paracellular route by disruption of the TJ complex has been proposed as a potential drug delivery system to treat brain diseases, however, it has several limitations and is still in a developmental stage. However, recent significant advance in medical equipment /tools such as targeted ultra-sound technologies may resolve these limitations. In this review, we introduce recent advances in site- or molecular size-selective BBB disruption/modulation technologies and we include details on pharmacological inhibitory molecules against intercellular TJ proteins to modulate the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Oda Y, Sugawara T, Fukata Y, Izumi Y, Otani T, Higashi T, Fukata M, Furuse M. The extracellular domain of angulin-1 and palmitoylation of its cytoplasmic region are required for angulin-1 assembly at tricellular contacts. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4289-4302. [PMID: 32079676 PMCID: PMC7105312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) create paracellular barriers at tricellular contacts (TCs), where the vertices of three polygonal epithelial cells meet. tTJs are marked by the enrichment of two types of membrane proteins, tricellulin and angulin family proteins. However, how TC geometry is recognized for tTJ formation remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanism for the assembly of angulin-1 at the TCs. We found that clusters of cysteine residues in the juxtamembrane region within the cytoplasmic domain of angulin-1 are highly palmitoylated. Mutagenesis analyses of the cysteine residues in this region revealed that palmitoylation is essential for localization of angulin-1 at TCs. Consistently, suppression of Asp-His-His-Cys motif-containing palmitoyltransferases expressed in EpH4 cells significantly impaired the TC localization of angulin-1. Cholesterol depletion from the plasma membrane of cultured epithelial cells hampered the localization of angulin-1 at TCs, suggesting the existence of a lipid membrane microdomain at TCs that attracts highly palmitoylated angulin-1. Furthermore, the extracellular domain of angulin-1 was also required for its TC localization, irrespective of the intracellular palmitoylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that both angulin-1's extracellular domain and palmitoylation of its cytoplasmic region are required for its assembly at TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Oda
- Division of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugawara
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukata
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Division of Membrane Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Division of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukata
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Division of Membrane Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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21
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Reinhold AK, Rittner HL. Characteristics of the nerve barrier and the blood dorsal root ganglion barrier in health and disease. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113244. [PMID: 32057794 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A variety of barriers ensures the protection of the peripheral nervous system from noxious blood-borne or surrounding stimuli. In this review, anatomy and functioning of the blood nerve barrier (BNB) and the blood DRG barrier (BDB) will be presented and key tight junction proteins described: ZO-1, claudin-1, -3, -5, -11, -12, -19, occludin, and tricellulin. Different diseases can lead to or be accompanied by nerve barrier disruption; impairment of nerve barriers in turn worsens pathology. Peripheral nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy and inflammatory polyneuropathy cause an increased permeability of BNB and BDB. Knowledge and understanding of these mechanisms might ultimately lead to the invention of drugs to control barrier function and help ameliorating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Reinhold
- Dept Anesthesiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, University Hospitals Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - H L Rittner
- Dept Anesthesiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, University Hospitals Wuerzburg, Germany.
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22
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Molecular organization, regulation and function of tricellular junctions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Díaz-Coránguez M, Liu X, Antonetti DA. Tight Junctions in Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5972. [PMID: 31783547 PMCID: PMC6928848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins form a continuous intercellular network creating a barrier with selective regulation of water, ion, and solutes across endothelial, epithelial, and glial tissues. TJ proteins include the claudin family that confers barrier properties, members of the MARVEL family that contribute to barrier regulation, and JAM molecules, which regulate junction organization and diapedesis. In addition, the membrane-associated proteins such as MAGUK family members, i.e., zonula occludens, form the scaffold linking the transmembrane proteins to both cell signaling molecules and the cytoskeleton. Most studies of TJ have focused on the contribution to cell-cell adhesion and tissue barrier properties. However, recent studies reveal that, similar to adherens junction proteins, TJ proteins contribute to the control of cell proliferation. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the specific role of TJ proteins in the control of epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation. In some cases, the TJ proteins act as a reservoir of critical cell cycle modulators, by binding and regulating their nuclear access, while in other cases, junctional proteins are located at cellular organelles, regulating transcription and proliferation. Collectively, these studies reveal that TJ proteins contribute to the control of cell proliferation and differentiation required for forming and maintaining a tissue barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A. Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (M.D.-C.); (X.L.)
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Cong X, Kong W. Endothelial tight junctions and their regulatory signaling pathways in vascular homeostasis and disease. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109485. [PMID: 31770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining vascular homeostasis. In endothelial cells (ECs), TJs are highly dynamic structures that respond to multiple external stimuli and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression, distribution, and structure of endothelial TJs may lead to many related vascular diseases and pathologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the assessment methods used to evaluate endothelial TJ barrier function both in vitro and in vivo and describe the composition of endothelial TJs in diverse vascular systems and ECs. More importantly, the direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of TJ proteins by intracellular kinases and phosphatases, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TJs, including and the protein kinase C (PKC), PKA, PKG, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are discussed. With great advances in this area, targeting endothelial TJs may provide novel treatment for TJ-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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25
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Matsubara A, Miyashita T, Inamoto R, Sakaguchi H, Kamitani T, Mori N, Hoshikawa H. Tricellulin Expression and its Deletion Effects in the Endolymphatic Sac. J Int Adv Otol 2019; 14:312-316. [PMID: 30100545 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tricellulin is a tight junction (TJ)-forming protein that participates in the sealing function of tricellular TJs. Tricellulin-knockout (Tric-/-) mice show progressive hearing loss with degeneration of hair cells in the cochlea without physiological or physical disorders. In the present study, we investigated the tricellulin expression and its deletion effects in the endolymphatic sac (ES) using Tric-/- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ES epithelia from wild-type (WT) mice were laser-microdissected, and RT-PCR was performed. The ES sections from Tric-/- and WT mice were immunostained with an anti-tricellulin antibody. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for morphological examination. The inner ear of Tric-/- mice was perfused with biotinylation reagents, and the ES sections were observed for tracer permeability assay after applying streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate. RESULTS The tricellulin expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and by immunohistochemistry in the WT ES. The ES in Tric-/- mice showed normal morphology and revealed no biotin leakage from the lumen. CONCLUSION The ES in Tric-/- mice showed no changes in morphology or disruption in macromolecular barrier function. The effects of solute leakages in the ES of Tric-/- mice may be very limited and compensatable, or that the ES epithelia may have other sealing system covering the lack of tricellulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Matsubara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagawa University, School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Miyashita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagawa University, School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Inamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagawa University, School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakaguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectual University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kamitani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagawa University, School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Mori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagawa University, School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hoshikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagawa University, School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
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26
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Apoptotic Fragmentation of Tricellulin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194882. [PMID: 31581480 PMCID: PMC6801678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic extrusion of cells from epithelial cell layers is of central importance for epithelial homeostasis. As a prerequisite cell-cell contacts between apoptotic cells and their neighbors have to be dissociated. Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) represent specialized structures that seal polarized epithelial cells at sites where three cells meet and are characterized by the specific expression of tricellulin and angulins. Here, we specifically addressed the fate of tricellulin in apoptotic cells. METHODS Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine or camptothecin in MDCKII and RT-112 cells. The fate of tricellulin was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Caspase activity was inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK or Z-DEVD-FMK. RESULTS Induction of apoptosis induces the degradation of tricellulin with time. Aspartate residues 487 and 441 were identified as caspase cleavage-sites in the C-terminal coiled-coil domain of human tricellulin. Fragmentation of tricellulin was inhibited in the presence of caspase inhibitors or when Asp487 or Asp441 were mutated to asparagine. Deletion of the tricellulin C-terminal amino acids prevented binding to lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR)/angulin-1 and thus should impair specific localization of tricellulin to tTJs. CONCLUSIONS Tricellulin is a substrate of caspases and its cleavage in consequence contributes to the dissolution of tTJs during apoptosis.
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Early phase trials of novel hearing therapeutics: Avenues and opportunities. Hear Res 2019; 380:175-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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ZO-2 Is a Master Regulator of Gene Expression, Cell Proliferation, Cytoarchitecture, and Cell Size. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174128. [PMID: 31450555 PMCID: PMC6747478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZO-2 is a cytoplasmic protein of tight junctions (TJs). Here, we describe ZO-2 involvement in the formation of the apical junctional complex during early development and in TJ biogenesis in epithelial cultured cells. ZO-2 acts as a scaffold for the polymerization of claudins at TJs and plays a unique role in the blood–testis barrier, as well as at TJs of the human liver and the inner ear. ZO-2 movement between the cytoplasm and nucleus is regulated by nuclear localization and exportation signals and post-translation modifications, while ZO-2 arrival at the cell border is triggered by activation of calcium sensing receptors and corresponding downstream signaling. Depending on its location, ZO-2 associates with junctional proteins and the actomyosin cytoskeleton or a variety of nuclear proteins, playing a role as a transcriptional repressor that leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and transformation. ZO-2 regulates cell architecture through modulation of Rho proteins and its absence induces hypertrophy due to inactivation of the Hippo pathway and activation of mTOR and S6K. The interaction of ZO-2 with viral oncoproteins and kinases and its silencing in diverse carcinomas reinforce the view of ZO-2 as a tumor regulator protein.
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Wesdorp M, Murillo-Cuesta S, Peters T, Celaya AM, Oonk A, Schraders M, Oostrik J, Gomez-Rosas E, Beynon AJ, Hartel BP, Okkersen K, Koenen HJPM, Weeda J, Lelieveld S, Voermans NC, Joosten I, Hoyng CB, Lichtner P, Kunst HPM, Feenstra I, de Bruijn SE, Admiraal RJC, Yntema HG, van Wijk E, Del Castillo I, Serra P, Varela-Nieto I, Pennings RJE, Kremer H. MPZL2, Encoding the Epithelial Junctional Protein Myelin Protein Zero-like 2, Is Essential for Hearing in Man and Mouse. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:74-88. [PMID: 29961571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In a Dutch consanguineous family with recessively inherited nonsyndromic hearing impairment (HI), homozygosity mapping combined with whole-exome sequencing revealed a MPZL2 homozygous truncating variant, c.72del (p.Ile24Metfs∗22). By screening a cohort of phenotype-matched subjects and a cohort of HI subjects in whom WES had been performed previously, we identified two additional families with biallelic truncating variants of MPZL2. Affected individuals demonstrated symmetric, progressive, mild to moderate sensorineural HI. Onset of HI was in the first decade, and high-frequency hearing was more severely affected. There was no vestibular involvement. MPZL2 encodes myelin protein zero-like 2, an adhesion molecule that mediates epithelial cell-cell interactions in several (developing) tissues. Involvement of MPZL2 in hearing was confirmed by audiometric evaluation of Mpzl2-mutant mice. These displayed early-onset progressive sensorineural HI that was more pronounced in the high frequencies. Histological analysis of adult mutant mice demonstrated an altered organization of outer hair cells and supporting cells and degeneration of the organ of Corti. In addition, we observed mild degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons, and this degeneration was most pronounced at the cochlear base. Although MPZL2 is known to function in cell adhesion in several tissues, no phenotypes other than HI were found to be associated with MPZL2 defects. This indicates that MPZL2 has a unique function in the inner ear. The present study suggests that deleterious variants of Mplz2/MPZL2 affect adhesion of the inner-ear epithelium and result in loss of structural integrity of the organ of Corti and progressive degeneration of hair cells, supporting cells, and spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Wesdorp
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols," Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research in Rare Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Theo Peters
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adelaida M Celaya
- Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols," Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research in Rare Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Oonk
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Margit Schraders
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oostrik
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Gomez-Rosas
- Center for Biomedical Network Research in Rare Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Genetica, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andy J Beynon
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bas P Hartel
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Okkersen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Weeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Lelieveld
- The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Feenstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E de Bruijn
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J C Admiraal
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research in Rare Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Genetica, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols," Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research in Rare Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronald J E Pennings
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Hearing and Genes Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Glueckert R, Johnson Chacko L, Rask-Andersen H, Liu W, Handschuh S, Schrott-Fischer A. Anatomical basis of drug delivery to the inner ear. Hear Res 2018; 368:10-27. [PMID: 30442227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The isolated anatomical position and blood-labyrinth barrier hampers systemic drug delivery to the mammalian inner ear. Intratympanic placement of drugs and permeation via the round- and oval window are established methods for local pharmaceutical treatment. Mechanisms of drug uptake and pathways for distribution within the inner ear are hard to predict. The complex microanatomy with fluid-filled spaces separated by tight- and leaky barriers compose various compartments that connect via active and passive transport mechanisms. Here we provide a review on the inner ear architecture at light- and electron microscopy level, relevant for drug delivery. Focus is laid on the human inner ear architecture. Some new data add information on the human inner ear fluid spaces generated with high resolution microcomputed tomography at 15 μm resolution. Perilymphatic spaces are connected with the central modiolus by active transport mechanisms of mesothelial cells that provide access to spiral ganglion neurons. Reports on leaky barriers between scala tympani and the so-called cortilymph compartment likely open the best path for hair cell targeting. The complex barrier system of tight junction proteins such as occludins, claudins and tricellulin isolates the endolymphatic space for most drugs. Comparison of relevant differences of barriers, target cells and cell types involved in drug spread between main animal models and humans shall provide some translational aspects for inner ear drug applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glueckert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, University Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - L Johnson Chacko
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Handschuh
- VetImaging, VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schrott-Fischer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shiraiwa Y, Daikoku E, Saito M, Yamashita Y, Abe T, Ono F, Kubota T. Measurements of ionic concentrations along with endocochlear potential in wild-type and claudin 14 knockout mice. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 45:421-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Taghipour-Sheshdeh A, Nemati-Zargaran F, Zarepour N, Tahmasebi P, Saki N, Tabatabaiefar MA, Mohammadi-Asl J, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M. A novel pathogenic variant in the MARVELD2 gene causes autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in an Iranian family. Genomics 2018; 111:840-848. [PMID: 29752989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensorineural disorder and one of the most common human defects. HL can be classified according to main criteria, including: the site (conductive, sensorineural and mixed), onset (pre-lingual and post-lingual), accompanying signs and symptoms (syndromic and non-syndromic), severity (mild, moderate, severe and profound) and mode of inheritance (Autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked and mitochondrial). Autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL (ARNSHL) forms constitute a major share of the HL cases. In the present study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to investigate the underlying etiology of HL in a multiplex ARNSHL family from Khuzestan province, southwest Iran. METHODS In this descriptive study, 20 multiplex ARNSHL families from Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran were recruited. After DNA extraction, genetic linkage analysis (GLA) was applied to screen for a panel of more prevalent loci. One family, which was not linked to these loci, was subjected to Otogenetics deafness Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel. RESULTS NGS results showed a novel deletion-insertion variant (c.1555delinsAA) in the MARVELD2 gene. The variant which is a frameshift in the seventh exon of the MARVELD2 gene fulfills the criteria of being categorized as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guideline. CONCLUSION NGS is very promising to identify the molecular etiology of highly heterogeneous diseases such as HL. MARVELD2 might be important in the etiology of HL in this region of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Taghipour-Sheshdeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nemati-Zargaran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Narges Zarepour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Tahmasebi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi-Asl
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Pearce SC, Al-Jawadi A, Kishida K, Yu S, Hu M, Fritzky LF, Edelblum KL, Gao N, Ferraris RP. Marked differences in tight junction composition and macromolecular permeability among different intestinal cell types. BMC Biol 2018; 16:19. [PMID: 29391007 PMCID: PMC5793346 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian small intestinal tight junctions (TJ) link epithelial cells to one another and function as a permselective barrier, strictly modulating the passage of ions and macromolecules through the pore and leak pathways, respectively, thereby preventing the absorption of harmful compounds and microbes while allowing regulated transport of nutrients and electrolytes. Small intestinal epithelial permeability is ascribed primarily to the properties of TJs between adjoining enterocytes (ENTs), because there is almost no information on TJ composition and the paracellular permeability of nonenterocyte cell types that constitute a small but significant fraction of the intestinal epithelia. RESULTS Here we directed murine intestinal crypts to form specialized organoids highly enriched in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), absorptive ENTs, secretory goblet cells, or Paneth cells. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these cells in organoids were similar to those in vivo. The expression of certain TJ proteins varied with cell type: occludin and tricellulin levels were high in both ISCs and Paneth cells, while claudin-1, -2, and -7 expression was greatest in Paneth cells, ISCs, and ENTs, respectively. In contrast, the distribution of claudin-15, zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and E-cadherin was relatively homogeneous. E-cadherin and claudin-7 marked mainly the basolateral membrane, while claudin-2, ZO-1, and occludin resided in the apical membrane. Remarkably, organoids enriched in ENTs or goblet cells were over threefold more permeable to 4 and 10 kDa dextran compared to those containing stem and Paneth cells. The TJ-regulator larazotide prevented the approximately tenfold increases in dextran flux induced by the TJ-disrupter AT1002 into organoids of different cell types, indicating that this ZO toxin nonselectively increases permeability. Forced dedifferentiation of mature ENTs results in the reacquisition of ISC-like characteristics in TJ composition and dextran permeability, suggesting that the post-differentiation properties of TJs are not hardwired. CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of adult intestinal stem cells into mature secretory and absorptive cell types causes marked, but potentially reversible, changes in TJ composition, resulting in enhanced macromolecular permeability of the TJ leak pathway between ENTs and between goblet cells. This work advances our understanding of how cell differentiation affects the paracellular pathway of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Pearce
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Present address: Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, US Army, 15 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760-5018, USA
| | - Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Kunihiro Kishida
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Present address: Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Life Science Center, 225 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Madeleine Hu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Immunity, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Luke F Fritzky
- Advanced Microscopic Imaging Core Facility, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Immunity, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Life Science Center, 225 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Jain RK, Pingle SK, Tumane RG, Thakkar LR, Jawade AA, Barapatre A, Trivedi M. Cochlear Proteins Associated with Noise-induced Hearing Loss: An Update. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018; 22:60-73. [PMID: 30319226 PMCID: PMC6176698 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_43_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the major occupational disease that has influence on the quality of life of mining workers. Several reports suggest NIHL is attributed to noise exposure at workplace and approximately 16% of hearing loss is due to it. NIHL occurs as a result of exposure to high-level noise (>85 dB) in the workplace. Noise disrupts proteins present in the micromachinery of the ear that is required for mechano-electric transduction of sound waves. High-level noise exposure can lead to hearing impairment owing to mechanical and metabolic exhaustion in cochlea, the major organ responsible for resilience of sound. Several key proteins of cochlea include tectorial membrane, inner hair cells, outer hair cells, and stereocilia are damaged due to high-level noise exposure. Numerous studies conducted in animals have shown cochlear proteins involvement in NIHL, but the pertinent literature remains limited in humans. Detection of proteins and pathways perturbed within the micromachinery of the ear after excessive sound induction leads toward the early identification of hearing loss. The situation insisted to present this review as an update on cochlear proteins associated with NIHL after an extensive literature search using several electronic databases which help to understand the pathophysiology of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika K Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Miners' Health JNARDDC Campus, Wadi, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhangi K Pingle
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Miners' Health JNARDDC Campus, Wadi, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajani G Tumane
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Miners' Health JNARDDC Campus, Wadi, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lucky R Thakkar
- National Centre for Microbial Resources, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna A Jawade
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Miners' Health JNARDDC Campus, Wadi, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Barapatre
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Miners' Health JNARDDC Campus, Wadi, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal Trivedi
- B. K. Birla College of Science, Arts & Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan, Maharashtra, India
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Mießler KS, Markov AG, Amasheh S. Hydrostatic pressure incubation affects barrier properties of mammary epithelial cell monolayers, in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1089-1093. [PMID: 29162451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During lactation, accumulation of milk in mammary glands (MG) causes hydrostatic pressure (HP) and concentration of bioactive compounds. Previously, a changed expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins was observed in mice MGs by accumulation of milk, in vivo. The TJ primarily determines the integrity of the MG epithelium. The present study questioned whether HP alone can affect the TJ in a mammary epithelial cell model, in vitro. Therefore, monolayers of HC11, a mammary epithelial cell line, were mounted into modified Ussing chambers and incubated with 10 kPa bilateral HP for 4 h. Short circuit current and transepithelial resistance were recorded and compared to controls, and TJ proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. In our first approach HC11 cells could withstand the pressure incubation and a downregulation of occludin was observed. In a second approach, using prolactin- and dexamethasone-induced cells, a decrease of short circuit current was observed, beginning after 2 h of incubation. With the addition of 1 mM barium chloride to the bathing solution the decrease could be blocked temporarily. On molecular level an upregulation of ZO-1 could be observed in hormone-induced cells, which was downregulated after the incubation with barium chloride. In conclusion, bilateral HP incubation affects mammary epithelial monolayers, in vitro. Both, the reduction of short circuit current and the change in TJ proteins may be interpreted as physiological requirements for lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Mießler
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Higashi T, Miller AL. Tricellular junctions: how to build junctions at the TRICkiest points of epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2023-2034. [PMID: 28705832 PMCID: PMC5509417 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricellular contacts are the places where three cells meet. In vertebrate epithelial cells, specialized structures called tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) and tricellular adherens junctions (tAJs) have been identified. tTJs are important for the maintenance of barrier function, and disruption of tTJ proteins contributes to familial deafness. tAJs have recently been attracting the attention of mechanobiologists because these sites are hot spots of epithelial tension. Although the molecular components, regulation, and function of tTJs and tAJs, as well as of invertebrate tricellular junctions, are beginning to be characterized, many questions remain. Here we broadly cover what is known about tricellular junctions, propose a new model for tension transmission at tAJs, and discuss key open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Crumling MA, King KA, Duncan RK. Cyclodextrins and Iatrogenic Hearing Loss: New Drugs with Significant Risk. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:355. [PMID: 29163061 PMCID: PMC5676048 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides with widespread usage in medicine, industry and basic sciences owing to their ability to solubilize and stabilize guest compounds. In medicine, cyclodextrins primarily act as a complexing vehicle and consequently serve as powerful drug delivery agents. Recently, uncomplexed cyclodextrins have emerged as potent therapeutic compounds in their own right, based on their ability to sequester and mobilize cellular lipids. In particular, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has garnered attention because of its cholesterol chelating properties, which appear to treat a rare neurodegenerative disorder and to promote atherosclerosis regression related to stroke and heart disease. Despite the potential health benefits, use of HPβCD has been linked to significant hearing loss in several species, including humans. Evidence in mice supports a rapid onset of hearing loss that is dose-dependent. Ototoxicity can occur following central or peripheral drug delivery, with either route resulting in the preferential loss of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) within hours of dosing. Inner hair cells and spiral ganglion cells are spared at doses that cause ~85% OHC loss; additionally, no other major organ systems appear adversely affected. Evidence from a first-to-human phase 1 clinical trial mirrors animal studies to a large extent, indicating rapid onset and involvement of OHCs. All patients in the trial experienced some permanent hearing loss, although a temporary loss of function can be observed acutely following drug delivery. The long-term impact of HPβCD use as a maintenance drug, and the mechanism(s) of ototoxicity, are unknown. β-cyclodextrins preferentially target membrane cholesterol, but other lipid species and proteins may be directly or indirectly involved. Moreover, as cholesterol is ubiquitous in cell membranes, it remains unclear why OHCs are preferentially susceptible to HPβCD. It is possible that HPβCD acts upon several targets—for example, ion channels, tight junctions (TJ), membrane integrity, and bioenergetics—that collectively increase the sensitivity of OHCs over other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Crumling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly A King
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R Keith Duncan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Histone deacetylase inhibition prevents cell death induced by loss of tricellular tight junction proteins in temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182291. [PMID: 28767685 PMCID: PMC5540400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) are specialized structures that occur where the corners of three cells meet to seal adjacent intercellular space. The molecular components of tTJs include tricellulin (TRIC) and lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) which recruits TRIC, are required for normal hearing. Although loss of TRIC causes hearing loss with degeneration of cochlear cells, the detailed mechanisms remains unclear. In the present study, by using temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear cells, US/VOT-E36 cell line, we investigated the changes of TRIC and LSR during cochlear cell differentiation and the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors against cell degeneration induced by loss of TRIC and LSR. During cell differentiation induced by the temperature change, expression of TRIC and LSR were clearly induced. Treatment with metformin enhanced expression TRIC and LSR via AMPK during cell differentiation. Loss of TRIC and LSR by the siRNAs induced cell death in differentiated cells. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and HDAC6 inhibitor prevented the cell death induced by loss of TRIC and LSR. Collectively, these findings suggest that both tTJ proteins TRIC and LSR have crucial roles for the differentiated cochlear cell survival, and that HDAC inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents to prevent hearing loss.
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Díaz-Coránguez M, Ramos C, Antonetti DA. The inner blood-retinal barrier: Cellular basis and development. Vision Res 2017; 139:123-137. [PMID: 28619516 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) regulates transport across retinal capillaries maintaining proper neural homeostasis and protecting the neural tissue from potential blood borne toxicity. Loss of the BRB contributes to the pathophysiology of a number of blinding retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we address the basis of the BRB, including the molecular mechanisms that regulate flux across the retinal vascular bed. The routes of transcellular and paracellular flux are described as well as alterations in these pathways in response to permeabilizing agents in diabetes. Finally, we provide information on exciting new studies that help to elucidate the process of BRB development or barriergenesis and how understanding this process may lead to new opportunities for barrier restoration in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Díaz-Coránguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carla Ramos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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40
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Cording J, Arslan B, Staat C, Dithmer S, Krug SM, Krüger A, Berndt P, Günther R, Winkler L, Blasig IE, Haseloff RF. Trictide, a tricellulin-derived peptide to overcome cellular barriers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017. [PMID: 28633193 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The majority of tight junction (TJ) proteins restrict the paracellular permeation of solutes via their extracellular loops (ECLs). Tricellulin tightens tricellular TJs (tTJs) and regulates bicellular TJ (bTJ) proteins. We demonstrate that the addition of recombinantly produced extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of tricellulin opens cellular barriers. The peptidomimetic trictide, a synthetic peptide derived from tricellulin ECL2, increases the passage of ions, as well as of small and larger molecules up to 10 kDa, between 16 and 30 h after application to human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line 2. Tricellulin and lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor relocate from tTJs toward bTJs, while the TJ proteins claudin-1 and occludin redistribute from bTJs to the cytosol. Analyzing the opening of the tricellular sealing tube by the peptidomimetic using super-resolution stimulated-emission depletion microscopy revealed a tricellulin-free area at the tricellular region. Cis-interactions (as measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer) of tricellulin-tricellulin (tTJs), tricellulin-claudin-1, tricellulin-marvelD3, and occludin-occludin (bTJs) were strongly affected by trictide treatment. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular modeling suggest that trictide adopts a β-sheet structure, resulting in a peculiar interaction surface for its binding to tricellulin. In conclusion, trictide is a novel and promising tool for overcoming cellular barriers at bTJs and tTJs with the potential to transiently improve drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmi Cording
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Basak Arslan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Staat
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Dithmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneliese Krüger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Berndt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Günther
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Winkler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf E Blasig
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner F Haseloff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Ghasemnejad T, Shekari Khaniani M, Zarei F, Farbodnia M, Mansoori Derakhshan S. An update of common autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss genes in Iranian population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 97:113-126. [PMID: 28483220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive genes are responsible for about 80% of the hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) cases. In Iran, due to consanguineous marriages, NSHL is the second most frequent disability after intellectual disability, occurring one in 16 individuals. Enormous heterogeneity in the genetic pathology of hearing loss causes a major challenge in identification of responsible genes. In Iran, GJB2 is responsible for the most cases of pre-lingual and non-syndromic hearing loss (with frequency of 16.7%) which followed by other genes with lower frequency. Although several studies have indicated that a large proportion of both syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss in Iranian populations are caused by defects in just a few genes, new detection strategies such as NGS (Next-generation sequencing) have increased the spectrum of responsible mutations. However, by applying this technique in Iran patients screening, the role of lots of novel related genes have been reported. In this review, we aim to describe function of these genes and their contribution to non-syndromic genetic hearing loss in Iranian population and we classify the genes by their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Farbodnia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saba University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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42
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Jennek S, Mittag S, Reiche J, Westphal JK, Seelk S, Dörfel MJ, Pfirrmann T, Friedrich K, Schütz A, Heinemann U, Huber O. Tricellulin is a target of the ubiquitin ligase Itch. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1397:157-168. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jennek
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Sonnhild Mittag
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Juliane Reiche
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Julie K. Westphal
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Stefanie Seelk
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Max J. Dörfel
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Thorsten Pfirrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Halle; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Karlheinz Friedrich
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Anja Schütz
- Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Crystallography; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Otmar Huber
- Department of Biochemistry II; Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
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43
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Reinhold AK, Rittner HL. Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system-a review. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:123-134. [PMID: 27957611 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) are delicate structures, highly sensitive to homeostatic changes-and crucial for basic vital functions. Thus, a selection of barriers ensures the protection of the nervous system from noxious blood-borne or surrounding stimuli. In this chapter, anatomy and functioning of the blood-nerve (BNB), the blood-brain (BBB), and the blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) are presented and the key tight junction (TJ) proteins described: claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-11, claudin-12, claudin-19, occludin, Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), and tricellulin are by now identified as relevant for nerval barriers. Different diseases can lead to or be accompanied by neural barrier disruption, and impairment of these barriers worsens pathology. Peripheral nerve injury and inflammatory polyneuropathy cause an increased permeability of BNB as well as BSCB, while, e.g., diseases of the CNS such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or Alzheimer's disease can progress and worsen through barrier dysfunction. Moreover, the complex role and regulation of the BBB after ischemic stroke is described. On the other side, PNS and CNS barriers hamper the delivery of drugs in diseases when the barrier is intact, e.g., in certain neurodegenerative diseases or inflammatory pain. Understanding of the barrier - regulating processes has already lead to the discovery of new molecules as drug enhancers. In summary, the knowledge of all of these mechanisms might ultimately lead to the invention of drugs to control barrier function to help ameliorating or curing neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Reinhold
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - H L Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Tricellular Tight Junctions in the Inner Ear. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6137541. [PMID: 27195292 PMCID: PMC4852330 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6137541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are structures that seal the space between the epithelial cell sheets. In the inner ear, the barrier function of TJs is indispensable for the separation of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces, which is essential for the generation and maintenance of the endocochlear potential (EP). TJs are formed by the intercellular binding of membrane proteins, known as claudins, and mutations in these proteins cause deafness in humans and mice. Within the epithelial cell sheet, however, a bound structure is present at the site where the corners of three cells meet (tricellular tight junctions (tTJs)), and the maintenance of the barrier function at this location cannot be explained by the claudins alone. Tricellulin and the angulin family of proteins (angulin-1/LSR, angulin-2/ILDR1, and angulin-3/ILDR2) have been identified as tTJ-associated proteins. Tricellulin and ILDR1 are localized at the tTJ and alterations in these proteins have been reported to be involved in deafness. In this review, we will present the current state of knowledge for tTJs.
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