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Ariaee A, Salim M, Boyd BJ, Prestidge C, Joyce P. Montmorillonite restricts free fatty acid liberation and alters self-assembled structures formed during in vitro lipid digestion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:660-669. [PMID: 38991280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The global rise in obesity necessitates innovative weight loss strategies. Naturally occurring smectite clays, such as montmorillonite (MMT), offer promise due to their unique properties that interfere with free fatty acid (FFA) liberation, reducing systemic uptake. However, the mechanisms of MMT-FFA interactions and their implications for weight management are undefined. This study investigates these interactions by adding MMT (10 % w/w) to in vitro lipolysis media containing medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), and monitoring FFA liberation using pH-stat titration. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) observed time-dependent structural changes, while electron microscopy examined clay morphology during digestion. A 35 % reduction in FFA liberation occurred after 25 min of digestion with MCT + MMT, with digestion kinetics following a biphasic model driven by calcium soap formation. NTA revealed a 17-fold decrease in vesicular structures with MCT + MMT, and sSAXS highlighted a rapid lamellar phase evolution linked to calcium soap formation. This acceleration is attributed to MMT's adsorption to unionized FFAs via hydrogen bonding, supported by TEM images showing a decrease in d-spacing, indicating FFA intercalation is not the main adsorption mechanism. These findings highlight MMT's potential as a novel intervention for reducing dietary lipid absorption in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clive Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Turgut R, Kartal M, Akkol EK, Demirbolat İ, Taştan H. Development of Cholesterol-Lowering and Detox Formulations Using Bentonite and Herbal Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775789. [PMID: 34938189 PMCID: PMC8685422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification enzymes involved in human metabolism works to minimize the potential xenobiotic-induced damage constantly. Studies have revealed that toxin accumulation plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. This study has been designed to provide evidence of medicinal use of bentonite, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) as detoxification and cholesterol-lowering agents using a hypercholesterolemic model in mice. The potential hypocholesterolemic effects and detoxification ability of these ingredients were evaluated at the same time: Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, plasma total antioxidant activity, nitric acid, leptin levels and glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase values were measured. It was determined that GBTF group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and flaxseed), GBTP group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and psyllium), and GBT group (grape seed extract, bentonite, and turmeric) of the tested materials decreased the serum total cholesterol concentration by 64.8, 57.5, and 48.9%, respectively, in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. In addition, it was determined that some detoxification parameters such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were statistically significantly reversed in GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups. Flaxseed, psyllium, and bentonite clay did not show significant effects in reducing total cholesterol; however, GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups interventions had a significant effect in reducing total cholesterol levels. Moreover, it was observed that adding flaxseed or psyllium to the GBT group increased the cholesterol-lowering effect. Therefore, it can be thought that this significant effect is due to the synergistic effect of the raw materials. When the results obtained were evaluated, it was seen that the cholesterol-lowering and detoxification effects of the combinations were higher than from the effect of natural material used alone. As a result, combinations of some of these ingredients have a positive effect on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Turgut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Health Sciences Institute, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlker Demirbolat
- Bezmialem Center of Education, Practice, and Research in Phytotherapy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lemon Balm and Corn Silk Extracts Mitigate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122015. [PMID: 34943118 PMCID: PMC8698494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon balm and corn silk are valuable medicinal herbs, which exhibit variety of beneficial effects for human health. The present study explored the anti-obesity effects of a mixture of lemon balm and corn silk extracts (M-LB/CS) by comparison with the effects of single herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. HFD supplementation for 84 days increased the body weight, the fat mass density, the mean diameter of adipocytes, and the thickness of fat pads. However, oral administration of M-LB/CS significantly alleviated the HFD-mediated weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy without affecting food consumption. Of the various combination ratios of M-LB/CS tested, the magnitude of the decreases in weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy by administration of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 4:1 (w/w) M-LB/CS was more potent than that by single herbal extracts alone. In addition, M-LB/CS reduced the HFD-mediated increases in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, prevented the reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein, and facilitated fecal excretion of cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, M-LB/CS mitigated the abnormal changes in specific mRNAs associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, M-LB/CS reduced lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the HFD-mediated reduction in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Therefore, M-LB/CS is a promising herbal mixture for preventing obesity.
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Xi Y, Xu PF. Diabetes and gut microbiota. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1693-1703. [PMID: 34754371 PMCID: PMC8554376 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly throughout the world in recent years. Currently, approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes, and the number has tripled over the last two decades. Here, we describe the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019 and forecast the trends to 2030 and 2045 in China, India, USA, and the globally. The gut microbiota plays a major role in metabolic diseases, especially diabetes. In this review, we describe the interaction between diabetes and gut microbiota in three aspects: probiotics, antidiabetic medication, and diet. Recent findings indicate that probiotics, antidiabetic medications, or dietary interventions treat diabetes by shifting the gut microbiome, particularly by raising beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria. We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is becoming a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Joyce P, Dening TJ, Meola TR, Wignall A, Ulmefors H, Kovalainen M, Prestidge CA. Contrasting Anti-obesity Effects of Smectite Clays and Mesoporous Silica in Sprague-Dawley Rats. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7779-7788. [PMID: 35019518 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porous colloids have been shown to exert unique bioactivities for mediating lipid (fat) metabolism and thereby offer significant potential as anti-obesity therapies. In this study, we compare the capacity for two classes of colloids, that is, smectite clays (Laponite XLG, LAP; montmorillonite, MMT) and mesoporous silica (SBA-15 ordered silica; MPS), to impede intestinal lipid hydrolysis and provoke lipid and carbohydrate excretion through adsorption within their particle matrices. A two-stage in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis model revealed the capacity for both smectite clays and MPS to inhibit the rate and extent of lipase-mediated digestion under simulated fed state conditions. Each system adsorbed more than its own weight of organic media (i.e., lipid and carbohydrates) after 60 min lipolysis, with MMT adsorbing >10% of all available organics through the indiscriminate adsorption of fatty acids and glycerides. When co-administered with a high-fat diet (HFD) to Sprague-Dawley rats, treatment with MMT and MPS significantly reduced normalized rodent weight gain compared to a negative control, validating their potential to restrict energy intake and serve as anti-obesity therapies. However, in vitro-in vivo correlations revealed poor associations between in vitro digestion parameters and normalized weight gain, indicating that additional/alternate anti-obesity mechanisms may exist in vivo, while also highlighting the need for improved in vitro assessment methodologies. Despite this, the current findings emphasize the potential for porous colloids to restrict weight gain and promote anti-obesity effects to subjects exposed to a HFD and should therefore drive the development of next-generation food-grade biomaterials for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tahnee J Dening
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tahlia R Meola
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hanna Ulmefors
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miia Kovalainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Li X, Huang Y, Song L, Xiao Y, Lu S, Xu J, Li J, Ren Z. Lactobacillus plantarum prevents obesity via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites in high-fat feeding mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Karimi M, Mousavi SM, Zolgharnain H, Zakeri M. Dietary montmorillonite as growth promoter and immunomodulator in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126459. [PMID: 32199164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 98-day research was conducted to assess the influence of dietary montmorillonite (MMT) on growth and immune competence in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish fry (mean weight: 500 ± 35 mg) were fed with four experimental diets contained MMT at levels of 0 (as control group), 1, 2 and 4%. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate and growth parameters and serum total protein and albumin levels in MMT experimental groups was higher than the control group. Regarding humoral immune responses, fish being fed with 2 and 4% MMT diets showed the greatest and the lowest serum C3, C4 and lysozyme levels, respectively. Serum alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) in groups fed with 1 and 2% MMT supplemented diets was higher than the other groups. At the end of the challenge test with VHSV, the mortality rate reached to 28 and 20% in the control group and 4% MMT supplemented groups, respectively, whereas fish fed with 1 and 2% MMT supplemented diets showed the lowest mortality rate (2.5%) Fish fed with 1 and 2% MMT supplemented groups showed higher head kidney IL-1β and TNF-α genes expression compared to the other treatment groups. In addition, fish fed with 2% MMT-supplemented diet had the highest head kidney Lyz-2 gene expression. In summary, the results of this research suggests that supplementing diet with MMT at 1 or 2% improve growth and non-specific humoral immune responses and induce head kidney immune relate genes expression and disease resistance against VHS in O. mykiss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Hossein Zolgharnain
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zakeri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
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8
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Joyce P, Meola TR, Schultz HB, Prestidge CA. Biomaterials that regulate fat digestion for the treatment of obesity. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Ye P, Xi Y, Huang Z, Xu P. Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanistic Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061408. [PMID: 32486076 PMCID: PMC7352519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen rapidly in recent decades. More than 650 million obese and 2 billion overweight individuals are currently living in the world. CRC is the third most common cancer. Obesity is regarded as one of the key environmental risk factors for the pathogenesis of CRC. In the present review, we mainly focus on the epidemiology of obesity and CRC in the world, the United States, and China. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including nutriology, adipokines and hormones, inflammation, gut microbiota, and bile acids. The unmet medical needs for obesity-related CRC are still remarkable. Understanding the molecular basis of these associations will help develop novel therapeutic targets and approaches for the treatment of obesity-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ye
- College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-708-4694
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Wang Q, Shen J, Mo E, Zhang H, Wang J, Hu X, Zhou J, Bai H, Tang G. A versatile ultrafine and super-absorptive H +-modified montmorillonite: application for metabolic syndrome intervention and gastric mucosal protection. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3370-3380. [PMID: 32374328 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00474j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and is closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, involving multiple causative factors. Current drug therapies for intervention and amelioration of MetS are essential in clinical treatment of metabolic disease. In this report, we proposed an H+-modified montmorillonite (H-MMT) using an acid modification method with ultrafine structure and super absorption ability as a potential drug for MetS. Hamsters fed a high-fat diet were orally treated with H-MMT and simvastatin was applied as a control. H-MMT lowered lipids by decreasing intestinal absorption and promoting lipid excretion, subsequently preventing obesity, fatty liver, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, H-MMT was significantly safer and better tolerated by the liver compared to simvastatin, which was hepatotoxic. In addition, we found that H-MMT had protective effects on gastric mucosal damage. Therefore, this versatile H-MMT provides a potential strategy to effectively improve MetS and provide gastric mucosal protection in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
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Kim GJ, Kim D, Lee KJ, Kim D, Chung KH, Choi JW, An JH. Effect of Nano-Montmorillonite on Osteoblast Differentiation, Mineral Density, and Osteoclast Differentiation in Bone Formation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020230. [PMID: 32013042 PMCID: PMC7075198 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-type montmorillonite, a phyllosilicate mineral, has diverse health benefits when introduced into the gastrointestinal tract or applied to the skin. However, the predominant use of this layered material has thus far been in traditional industries, despite its potential application in the pharmaceutical industry. We investigated the effects and mechanism of nano-montmorillonite (NM) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vivo and in vitro. We examined the osteogenic effects of NM with high calcium content (3.66 wt%) on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, bone microarchitecture, and expression level of osteoblast and osteoclast related genes in Ca-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Micro-computed tomography of OVX rats revealed that NM attenuated the low-Ca-associated changes in trabecular and cortical bone mineral density. It improved ALP activity and mineralization, as well as the expression of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation associated genes. NM also activated the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and type 1 collagen via phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1/5/8 signaling. Further, NM repressed the expression of receptor activator for cathepsin K, nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Therefore, NM inhibits osteoclastogenesis, stimulates osteoblastogenesis, and alleviates osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- Advanced Geo-materials R&D Department, Pohang Branch, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Pohang 37559, Korea;
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Kang-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
| | - Jeong Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107l, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.); (J.W.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2600-2566 (J.H.A.); +82-2-718-11976 (J.W.C.)
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.); (J.W.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2600-2566 (J.H.A.); +82-2-718-11976 (J.W.C.)
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Wang L, Zhu L, Gong L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liao J, Ke L, Dong B. Effects of Activated Charcoal-Herb Extractum Complex on Antioxidant Status, Lipid Metabolites and Safety of Excess Supplementation in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1151. [PMID: 31847500 PMCID: PMC6940724 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex (CHC) on antioxidant status, serum lipid metabolites and its safety supplement in weaning piglets. In experiment 1, a total of 216 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.55 ± 1.18 kg were assigned randomly to six treatment groups. each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. Diets supplemented with 0 and 1000 mg kg-1 of montmorillonite (MMT) were set as the negative and positive controls, respectively. In experiment 2, pigs (n = 108) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.58 ± 0.04 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 1000 or 10,000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. In experiment 1, on day 14, supplementation with CHC significantly decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration while they decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration on d 28, CHC at 500, 1000 or 1500 mg kg-1 significantly increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Supplementation with 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 CHC reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration during the entire experimental period and increased the concentration of serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) on d 14. CHC at 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the liver MDA concentration and increased liver T-SOD concentration. In experiment 2, increased ADG was obvious during the first 14 days and the whole period in 1000 mg kg-1 supplemented pigs, similarly F: G was lowest in the first 14 days. There was no difference in growth performance, visceral index, haematological and serum biochemical parameters and visceral organs morphology between pigs fed 10,000 mg kg-1 of CHC and control. Together, 500 to 1000 mg kg-1 CHC was confirmed to improve antioxidant status, and serum lipid metabolites in this study and excess supplementation of CHC is safe in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Limin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jianling Liao
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanping 353200, China; (J.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Linfu Ke
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanping 353200, China; (J.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Gutman R, Rauch M, Neuman A, Khamaisi H, Jonas-Levi A, Konovalova Y, Rytwo G. Sepiolite Clay Attenuates the Development of Hypercholesterolemia and Obesity in Mice Fed a High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet. J Med Food 2019; 23:289-296. [PMID: 31580748 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity reduces the quality of life and life expectancy, whereas nonoperative interventions have shown poor results so far. Statins effectively combat hypercholesterolemia but are not well tolerated at high doses, raising the need for coprescription with cholesterol sorbents and/or absorption inhibitors. Montmorillonite (MMT) clay was found to attenuate hypercholesterolemia and obesity by reducing cholesterol and fat absorption. However, acicular clay-like sepiolite may offer better results due to its more substantial adsorption of nonpolar molecules. We herein aimed at (1) assessing in vitro the capacity of sepiolite to adsorb edible oil and cholesterol compared with that of MMT and (2) assessing in vivo the effect of continuous feeding on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFD) (53.6% w/w fat and 0.2% cholesterol) supplemented with 5% (w/w) edible sepiolite, on diet-induced obesity rate, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed in vitro that sepiolite adsorption of olive oil and cholesterol was five to eight times greater than that of MMT clay. Sepiolite supplementation to HFD fed to mature mice for 12.5 weeks resulted in lower total blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels and attenuated body weight gain, by reducing fat gain. Sepiolite supplementation did not affect energy intake but increased fecal extraction of sterols and lipids, without notable side effects. These results demonstrate that supplementing a HFD with sepiolite attenuates gastrointestinal absorption of dietary lipids and sterols, thus mitigating obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Further exploration of the efficacy, mechanism of action, and safety of sepiolite as a food supplement for combating the metabolic syndrome is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roee Gutman
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Maayan Rauch
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Annat Neuman
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Hazem Khamaisi
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Adi Jonas-Levi
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Yelena Konovalova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Giora Rytwo
- Environmental Physical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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14
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Akdemir AO, Karabakan M, Aktas BK, Bozkurt A, Ozgur EG, Akdogan N, Yarıs M. Visceral adiposity index is useful for evaluating obesity effect on erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13282. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alp Ozgur Akdemir
- Department of Urology Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Binhan Kagan Aktas
- Department of Urology Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Aliseydi Bozkurt
- Department of Urology Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Research and Training Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Emrah Gokay Ozgur
- Department of Biostatistic Ankara University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Nebil Akdogan
- Department of Urology Mersin Toros State Hospital Mersin Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yarıs
- Department of Urology Diyarlife Dagkapı Private Hospital Diyarbakır Turkey
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15
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Dening TJ, Joyce P, Kovalainen M, Gustafsson H, Prestidge CA. Spray Dried Smectite Clay Particles as a Novel Treatment against Obesity. Pharm Res 2018; 36:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Lee ES, Song EJ, Lee SY, Park SL, Kim D, Kim D, Kim JH, Lim SI, Nam YD. Effects of bentonite Bgp35b-p on the gut microbiota of mice fed a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4369-4373. [PMID: 29412464 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bentonite is a natural clay mineral with health-promoting effects due to its high adsorption abilities with high cation-exchange capacity. Previously, we found an anti-obesity effect for Bgp35b-p bentonite produced in South Korea, where its high adsorbent ability of dietary lipids possibly partially removed the lipidic environment in the gut (unpublished). It is hypothesized that Bgp35b-p affects the intestinal microbial community, and thus the microbial changes were investigated via next-generation sequencing targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and bioinformatics using QIIME (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) were performed on feces of C57BL/6 male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with the Bgp35b-p. RESULTS The HFD caused microbial dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and an increase in abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. It was found that HFD + Bgp35b-p led to significant changes in the microbial compositions of family-level bacteria known as short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased, and the abundances of Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae were decreased by HFD + Bgp35b-p, shifting close to that in mice fed a normal diet. CONCLUSION Bgp35b-p induced compositional changes in intestinal microbiota, which can be considered as a prebiotic effect, thus suggesting that bentonite may be a potential prebiotic functional supplement. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Lee
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Lim Park
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Advanced Geo-materials R&D Department, Pohang Branch, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- Advanced Geo-materials R&D Department, Pohang Branch, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Advanced Geo-materials R&D Department, Pohang Branch, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Lim
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hong F, Xu P, Zhai Y. The Opportunities and Challenges of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Ligands in Clinical Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082189. [PMID: 30060458 PMCID: PMC6121873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a well-known pharmacological target for the treatment of multiple diseases, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and even primary biliary cholangitis, gout, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and ulcerative colitis. The three PPAR isoforms (α, β/δ and γ) have emerged as integrators of glucose and lipid metabolic signaling networks. Typically, PPARα is activated by fibrates, which are commonly used therapeutic agents in the treatment of dyslipidemia. The pharmacological activators of PPARγ include thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are insulin sensitizers used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), despite some drawbacks. In this review, we summarize 84 types of PPAR synthetic ligands introduced to date for the treatment of metabolic and other diseases and provide a comprehensive analysis of the current applications and problems of these ligands in clinical drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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18
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The Role of PPAR and Its Cross-Talk with CAR and LXR in Obesity and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041260. [PMID: 29690611 PMCID: PMC5979375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and atherosclerosis has substantially increased worldwide over the past several decades. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), as fatty acids sensors, have been therapeutic targets in several human lipid metabolic diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and liver X receptors (LXRs) were also reported as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and atherosclerosis, respectively. Further clarification of the internal relationships between these three lipid metabolic nuclear receptors is necessary to enable drug discovery. In this review, we mainly summarized the cross-talk of PPARs-CAR in obesity and PPARs-LXRs in atherosclerosis.
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19
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Xu P, Hong F, Wang J, Dai S, Wang J, Zhai Y. The CAR agonist TCPOBOP inhibits lipogenesis and promotes fibrosis in the mammary gland of adolescent female mice. Toxicol Lett 2018; 290:29-35. [PMID: 29550551 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a nuclear receptor that not only regulates drug-metabolizing enzymes but also influences energy metabolism. TC, 1, 4-bis [2-(3, 5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) has been shown to inhibit lipogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues. The mammary gland is mainly composed of fat pads and duct systems in adolescent female mice. Here, activation of CAR by TC reduces the mammary gland weight, blocks lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, and accelerates collagen formation and fibrosis in the mammary fat pad of adolescent female mice. This information provides a reference for CAR activation, which may affect mammary gland development in adolescent females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Shu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Xu P, Hong F, Wang J, Wang J, Zhao X, Wang S, Xue T, Xu J, Zheng X, Zhai Y. DBZ is a putative PPARγ agonist that prevents high fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and gut dysbiosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2690-2701. [PMID: 28736228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear receptor PPARγ is an effective pharmacological target for some types of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. However, the current PPARγ-targeting thiazolidinedione drugs have undesirable side effects. Danshensu Bingpian Zhi (DBZ), also known as tanshinol borneol ester derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a synthetic derivative of natural compounds used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS In vitro, investigations of DBZ using a luciferase reporter assay and molecular docking identified this compound as a novel promising PPARγ agonist. Ten-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). The HFD-fed mice were gavaged daily with either vehicle or DBZ (50mg/kg or 100mg/kg) for 10weeks. The gut microbiota composition was assessed by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene V3+V4 regions via pyrosequencing. RESULTS DBZ is an efficient natural PPARγ agonist that shows lower PPARγ-responsive luciferase reporter activity than thiazolidinediones, has excellent effects on the metabolic phenotype and exhibits no unwanted adverse effects in a HFD-induced obese mouse model. DBZ protects against HFD-induced body weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice. DBZ not only stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) browning and maintains intestinal barrier integrity but also reverses HFD-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS DBZ is a putative PPARγ agonist that prevents HFD-induced obesity-related metabolic syndrome and reverse gut dysbiosis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE DBZ may be used as a beneficial probiotic agent to improve HFD-induced obesity-related metabolic syndrome in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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21
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Xu P, Wang J, Hong F, Wang S, Jin X, Xue T, Jia L, Zhai Y. Melatonin prevents obesity through modulation of gut microbiota in mice. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28199741 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excess weight and obesity are severe public health threats worldwide. Recent evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and its comorbidities. The body weight-reducing and energy balancing effects of melatonin have been reported in several studies, but to date, no investigations toward examining whether the beneficial effects of melatonin are associated with gut microbiota have been carried out. In this study, we show that melatonin reduces body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation as well as improving insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that melatonin treatment significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota in mice fed an HFD. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota were notably decreased by melatonin. HFD feeding altered 69 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) compare with a normal chow diet (NCD) group, and melatonin supplementation reversed 14 OTUs to the same configuration than those present in the NCD group, thereby impacting various functions, in particular through its ability to decrease the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and increase the abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia, which is associated with healthy mucosa. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin may be used as a probiotic agent to reverse HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and help us to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the various melatonin beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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22
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Xu P, Li J, Liu J, Wang J, Wu Z, Zhang X, Zhai Y. Mature adipocytes observed to undergo reproliferation and polyploidy. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:652-658. [PMID: 28469978 PMCID: PMC5407891 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid‐filled mature adipocytes are important for the study of lipid metabolism and in the development of obesity, but whether they are capable of reproliferation is still controversial. Here, we monitored lipid droplet dynamics and adipocyte reproliferation in live, differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells using a phase‐contrast microscope in real time. Phase‐contrast microscopy achieves a similar visual effect in situ to that obtained using traditional dyes such as Oil Red O and BODIPY in vitro. Using this method, we captured the process that lipid droplets use for dynamic fusion in living cells. Unexpectedly, we acquired images of the moment that differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells containing lipid droplets entered mitosis. In addition, we observed some binucleated mature adipocytes. This information provides a better understanding of the adipocyte differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Jiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology Baotou Teacher's College China
| | - Zekai Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry Institute of Cell Biology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry Institute of Cell Biology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University China
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23
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Xu P, Hong F, Wang J, Cong Y, Dai S, Wang S, Wang J, Jin X, Wang F, Liu J, Zhai Y. Microbiome Remodeling via the Montmorillonite Adsorption-Excretion Axis Prevents Obesity-related Metabolic Disorders. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:251-261. [PMID: 28126594 PMCID: PMC5474441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are closely correlated with gut dysbiosis. Montmorillonite is a common medicine used to treat diarrhea. We have previously found that dietary lipid adsorbent-montmorillonite (DLA-M) has an unexpected role in preventing obesity. The aim of this study was to further investigate whether DLA-M regulates intestinal absorption and gut microbiota to prevent obesity-related metabolic disorders. Here, we show that DLA-M absorbs free fatty acids (FFA) and endotoxins in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the combination of fluorescent tracer technique and polarized light microscopy showed that DLA-M crystals immobilized BODIPY® FL C16 and FITC-LPS, respectively, in the digestive tract in situ. HFD-fed mice treated with DLA-M showed mild changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, particularly increases in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing Blautia bacteria and decreases in endotoxin-producing Desulfovibrio bacteria, these changes were positively correlated with obesity and inflammation. Our results indicated that DLA-M immobilizes FFA and endotoxins in the digestive tract via the adsorption-excretion axis and DLA-M may potentially be used as a prebiotic to prevent intestinal dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic disorders in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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24
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Dening TJ, Joyce P, Rao S, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Nanostructured Montmorillonite Clay for Controlling the Lipase-Mediated Digestion of Medium Chain Triglycerides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32732-32742. [PMID: 27934188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible lipid hybrid particles composed of montmorillonite and medium chain triglycerides were engineered for the first time by spray drying oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by montmorillonite platelets to form montmorillonite-lipid hybrid (MLH) microparticles containing up to 75% w/w lipid. In vitro lipolysis studies under simulated intestinal conditions indicated that the specific porous nanoarchitecture and surface chemistry of MLH particles significantly increased the rate (>10-fold) and extent of lipase-mediated digestion compared to that of coarse and homogenized submicrometer triglyceride emulsions. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies verified the rapid and enhanced production of fatty acids for MLH particles; these are electrostatically repelled by the negatively charged montmorillonite platelet faces and avoid the "interfacial poisoning" caused by incomplete digestion that retards lipid droplet digestion. MLH particles are a novel biomaterial and encapsulation system that optimize lipase enzyme efficiency and have excellent potential as a smart delivery system for lipophilic biomolecules owing to their exceptional physicochemical and biologically active properties. These particles can be readily fabricated with varying lipid loads and thus may be tailored to optimize the solubilization of specific bioactive molecules requiring reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee J Dening
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Shasha Rao
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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