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Wang H, Xu T, Li Y, Gao R, Tao X, Song J, Li C, Li Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of GA 3-induced dormancy release in Suaeda glauca black seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354141. [PMID: 38919815 PMCID: PMC11197467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Suaeda glauca Bunge produces dimorphic seeds on the same plant, with brown seeds displaying non-dormant characteristics and black seeds exhibiting intermediate physiological dormancy traits. Previous studies have shown that black seeds have a very low germination rate under natural conditions, but exogenous GA3 effectively enhanced the germination rate of black seeds. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GA3 on S. glauca black seeds are still unclear. In this study, transcriptomic profiles of seeds at different germination stages with and without GA3 treatment were analyzed and compared, and the TTF, H2O2, O2 -, starch, and soluble sugar contents of the corresponding seed samples were determined. The results indicated that exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased seed vigor, H2O2, and O2 - contents but decreased starch and soluble sugar contents of S. glauca black seeds during seed dormancy release. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 1136 DEGs were identified in three comparison groups and were involved mainly in plant hormone signal transduction, diterpenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism pathway. Among them, the DEGs related to diterpenoid biosynthesis (SgGA3ox1, SgKAO and SgGA2ox8) and ABA signal transduction (SgPP2Cs) could play important roles during seed dormancy release. Most genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were activated under GA3 treatment conditions, especially many SgPER genes encoding peroxidase. In addition, exogenous GA3 treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, which might be beneficial to seed dormancy release. In accordance with the decline in starch and soluble sugar contents, 15 genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were significantly up-regulated during GA3-induced dormancy release, such as SgBAM, SgHXK2, and SgAGLU, etc. In a word, exogenous GA3 effectively increased the germination rate and seed vigor of S. glauca black seeds by mediating the metabolic process or signal transduction of plant hormones, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism processes. Our results provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of exogenous GA3 on the dormancy release of S. glauca black seeds. The candidate genes identified in this study may be further studied and used to enrich our knowledge of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongjia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Dandong Forestry and Grassland Development Service Center, Dandong, China
| | - Xuelin Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieqiong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Changping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Kępczyński J, Dziurka M, Wójcik A. KAR 1-induced dormancy release in Avena fatua caryopses involves reduction of caryopsis sensitivity to ABA and ABA/GA s ratio in coleorhiza and radicle. PLANTA 2024; 259:126. [PMID: 38635035 PMCID: PMC11026216 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The dormancy release by KAR1 is associated with a reduction of coleorhiza and radicle sensitivity to ABA as well as with reduction the ABA/GAs ratio in the coleorhiza, by a decrease content of ABA, and in the radicle, by a decrease the ABA and an increase of the GAs contents. Both, karrikin 1 (KAR1) and gibberellin A3 (GA3), release dormancy in Avena fatua caryopses, resulting in the emergence of coleorhiza (CE) and radicle (RE). Moreover, KAR1 and GA3 stimulate CE and RE in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA), the stimulation being more effective in CE. The stimulatory effects of KAR1 and GA3 involve also the CE and RE rates. A similar effect was observed at KAR1 concentrations much lower than those of GA3. KAR1 increased the levels of bioactive GA5 and GA6 in embryos and the levels of GA1, GA5, GA3, GA6 and GA4 in radicles. The stimulatory effect of KAR1 on germination, associated with increased levels of gibberellins (GAs) and reduced levels of ABA in embryos, was counteracted by paclobutrazol (PAC), commonly regarded as a GAs biosynthesis inhibitor. Consequently, KAR1 decreased the ABA/GAs ratio, whereas PAC, used alone or in combination with KAR1, increased it. The ABA/GAs ratio was reduced by KAR1 in both coleorhiza and radicle, the effect being stronger in the latter. We present the first evidence that KAR1-induced dormancy release requires a decreased ABA/GAs ratio in coleorhiza and radicle. It is concluded that the dormancy-releasing effect of KAR1 in A. fatua caryopses includes (i) a reduction of the coleorhiza and radicle sensitivity to ABA, and (2) a reduction of the ABA/GAs ratio (i) in the coleorhiza, by decreasing the ABA content, and (ii) in the radicle, by decreasing the ABA and increasing the content GAs, particularly GA1. The results may suggest different mechanisms of dormancy release by KAR1 in monocot and dicot seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kępczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Michal Dziurka
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 20-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Wójcik
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
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Kim ST, Sang MK. Enhancement of osmotic stress tolerance in soybean seed germination by bacterial bioactive extracts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292855. [PMID: 37824539 PMCID: PMC10569584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is important to the global food industry; however, its productivity is affected by abiotic stresses such as osmosis, flooding, heat, and cold. Here, we evaluated the bioactive extracts of two biostimulant bacterial strains, Bacillus butanolivorans KJ40 and B. siamensis H30-3, for their ability to convey tolerance to osmotic stress in soybean seeds during germination. Soybean seeds were dip-treated in extracts of KJ40 (KJ40E) or H30-3 (H30-3E) and incubated with either 0% or 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), simulating drought-induced osmotic stress. We measured malondialdehyde content as a marker for lipid peroxidation, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, together with changes in sugars content. We also monitored the expression of genes involved in the gibberellic acid (GA)-biosynthesis pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Following osmotic stress in the extract-treated seeds, malondialdehyde content decreased, while antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Similarly, the expression of GA-synthesis genes, including GmGA2ox1 and GmGA3 were upregulated in KJ40E-dipped seeds at 12 or 6 h after treatment, respectively. The ABA signaling genes GmABI4 and GmDREB1 were upregulated in H30-3E- and KJ40E-treated seeds at 0 and 12 h after treatment under osmotic stress; however, GmABI5, GmABI4, and GmDREB1 levels were also elevated in the dip-treated seeds in baseline conditions. The GA/ABA ratio increased only in KJ40E-treated seeds undergoing osmotic stress, while glucose content significantly decreased in H30-3E-treated seeds at 24 h after treatment. Collectively, our findings indicated that dip-treatment of soybean seeds in KJ40E and H30-3E can enhance the seeds' resistance to osmotic stress during germination, and ameliorate cellular damage caused by secondary oxidative stress. This seed treatment can be used agriculturally to promote germination under drought stress and lead to increase crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Tae Kim
- Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Sang
- Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Liu M, Shan Q, Ding E, Gu T, Gong B. Karrikin increases tomato cold tolerance via strigolactone and the abscisic acid signaling network. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111720. [PMID: 37120034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As a class of biostimulants, karrikins (KARs) were first identified from plant-derived smoke to regulate plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. However, the roles of KARs in plant cold tolerance and their crosstalk with strigolactones (SLs) and abscisic acid (ABA) remain elusive. We studied the interaction among KAR, SLs, and ABA in cold acclimatization with KAI2-, MAX1-, SnRK2.5-silenced, or cosilenced plant materials. KAI2 is involved in smoke-water- (SW-) and KAR-mediated cold tolerance. MAX1 acts downstream of KAR in cold acclimation. ABA biosynthesis and sensitivity are regulated by KAR and SLs, which improve cold acclimation through the SnRK2.5 component. The physiological mechanisms of SW and KAR in improving growth, yield, and tolerance under a long-term sublow temperature environment were also studied. SW and KAR were shown to improve tomato growth and yield under sublow temperature conditions by regulating nutritional uptake, leaf temperature control, photosynthetic defense, ROS scavenging, and CBF transcriptional activation. Together, SW, which functions via the KAR-mediated SL and ABA signaling network, has potential application value for increasing cold tolerance in tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Erqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Mostofa MG, Abdelrahman M, Rahman MM, Tran CD, Nguyen KH, Watanabe Y, Itouga M, Li W, Wang Z, Mochida K, Tran LSP. Karrikin Receptor KAI2 Coordinates Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1927-1942. [PMID: 35997763 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants activate a myriad of signaling cascades to tailor adaptive responses under environmental stresses, such as salinity. While the roles of exogenous karrikins (KARs) in salt stress mitigation are well comprehended, genetic evidence of KAR signaling during salinity responses in plants remains unresolved. Here, we explore the functions of the possible KAR receptor KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to salt stress by investigating comparative responses of wild-type (WT) and kai2-mutant plants under a gradient of NaCl. Defects in KAI2 functions resulted in delayed and inhibited cotyledon opening in kai2 seeds compared with WT seeds, suggesting that KAI2 played an important role in enhancing seed germination under salinity. Salt-stressed kai2 plants displayed more phenotypic aberrations, biomass reduction, water loss and oxidative damage than WT plants. kai2 shoots accumulated significantly more Na+ and thus had a lower K+/Na+ ratio, than WT, indicating severe ion toxicity in salt-stressed kai2 plants. Accordingly, kai2 plants displayed a lower expression of genes associated with Na+ homeostasis, such as SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) 1, SOS2, HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM TRANSPORTER 1;1 (HKT1;1) and CATION-HYDROGEN EXCHANGER 1 (NHX1) than WT plants. WT plants maintained a better glutathione level, glutathione-related redox status and antioxidant enzyme activities relative to kai2 plants, implying KAI2's function in oxidative stress mitigation in response to salinity. kai2 shoots had lower expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), salicylic acid and jasmonic acid and the signaling of abscisic acid and SLs than those of WT plants, indicating interactive functions of KAI2 signaling with other hormone signaling in modulating plant responses to salinity. Collectively, these results underpin the likely roles of KAI2 in the alleviation of salinity effects in plants by regulating several physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in ionic and osmotic balance, oxidative stress tolerance and hormonal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, El Sokhna 43511, Egypt
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong St., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong St., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Misao Itouga
- Synthetic Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Beijing 130102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Tian H, Watanabe Y, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Abdelrahman M, Liang X, Xu K, Sepulveda C, Mostofa MG, Van Ha C, Nelson DC, Mochida K, Tian C, Tanaka M, Seki M, Miao Y, Tran LSP, Li W. KARRIKIN UPREGULATED F-BOX 1 negatively regulates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2671-2687. [PMID: 35822606 PMCID: PMC9706471 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The karrikin (KAR) receptor and several related signaling components have been identified by forward genetic screening, but only a few studies have reported on upstream and downstream KAR signaling components and their roles in drought tolerance. Here, we characterized the functions of KAR UPREGULATED F-BOX 1 (KUF1) in drought tolerance using a reverse genetics approach in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We observed that kuf1 mutant plants were more tolerant to drought stress than wild-type (WT) plants. To clarify the mechanisms by which KUF1 negatively regulates drought tolerance, we performed physiological, transcriptome, and morphological analyses. We found that kuf1 plants limited leaf water loss by reducing stomatal aperture and cuticular permeability. In addition, kuf1 plants showed increased sensitivity of stomatal closure, seed germination, primary root growth, and leaf senescence to abscisic acid (ABA). Genome-wide transcriptome comparisons of kuf1 and WT rosette leaves before and after dehydration showed that the differences in various drought tolerance-related traits were accompanied by differences in the expression of genes associated with stomatal closure (e.g. OPEN STOMATA 1), lipid and fatty acid metabolism (e.g. WAX ESTER SYNTHASE), and ABA responsiveness (e.g. ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT 3). The kuf1 mutant plants had higher root/shoot ratios and root hair densities than WT plants, suggesting that they could absorb more water than WT plants. Together, these results demonstrate that KUF1 negatively regulates drought tolerance by modulating various physiological traits, morphological adjustments, and ABA responses and that the genetic manipulation of KUF1 in crops is a potential means of enhancing their drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Tian
- Jilin Da’an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham-Van-Dong Str., Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham-Van-Dong Str., Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, New Galala 43511, Egypt
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Claudia Sepulveda
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Jilin Da’an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | | | - Weiqiang Li
- Author for correspondence: or (W.L.), (L.-S.P.T.)
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Bawa G, Liu Z, Wu R, Zhou Y, Liu H, Sun S, Liu Y, Qin A, Yu X, Zhao Z, Yang J, Hu M, Sun X. PIN1 regulates epidermal cells development under drought and salt stress using single-cell analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043204. [PMID: 36466268 PMCID: PMC9716655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of evolution, plants have developed plasticity to acclimate to environmental stresses such as drought and salt stress. These plant adaptation measures involve the activation of cascades of molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction and the expression of stress related genes. Here, we investigated the role of the plasma membrane-localized transporter of auxin PINFORMED1 (PIN1) in the regulation of pavement cells (PCs) and guard cells (GCs) development under drought and salt stress conditions. The results showed that drought and salt stress treatment affected the development of PCs and GCs. Further analysis identified the different regulation mechanisms of PIN1 in regulating the developmental patterns of PCs and GCs under drought and salt stress conditions. Drought and salt stress also regulated the expression dynamics of PIN1 in pif1/3/4/5 quadruple mutants. Collectively, we revealed that PIN1 plays a crucial role in regulating plant epidermal cells development under drought and salt stress conditions, thus contributing to developmental rebustness and plasticity.
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Magnetopriming Actuates Nitric Oxide Synthesis to Regulate Phytohormones for Improving Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142174. [PMID: 35883617 PMCID: PMC9322440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming-mediated induction of salinity tolerance in soybean seeds is established. The cross-talk of NO with germination-related hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) for their ability to reduce the Na+/K+ ratio in the seeds germinating under salinity is highlighted. Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment. The NO and superoxide (O2•−) levels were also increased in both of these treatments under non-saline and saline conditions. NO generation through nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) pathways indicated the major contribution of NO from the NR-catalysed reaction. The relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathways reiterated the indulgence of NR in NO in magnetoprimed seeds, as a 3.86-fold increase in expression was observed over unprimed seeds under salinity. A 23.26-fold increase in relative expression of NR genes by the NO donor (SNP) was observed under salinity, while the NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) caused maximum reduction in expression of NR genes as compared to other inhibitors [L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like enzyme) and DPI (diphenylene iodonium; NADPH oxidase inhibitor)]. The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds, suggesting homeostasis amongst hormones during germination under salinity. The magnetoprimed seeds showed low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors. Altogether, our results indicate that a balance of ABA, GA and IAA is maintained by the signalling molecule NO in magnetoprimed seeds which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio to offset the adverse effects of salinity in soybean seeds.
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An Interplay of Light and Smoke Compounds in Photoblastic Seeds. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131773. [PMID: 35807725 PMCID: PMC9269607 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light increases the germinability of positively photoblastic seeds and inhibits the germination of negative ones. In an area where plant-generated smoke from fire is a periodically occurring environmental factor, smoke chemicals can affect the germination of seeds, including those that are photoblastically sensitive. Moreover, as smoke and its compounds, mostly karrikin 1, KAR1, have been used for priming the seeds of many species, including photoblastic ones, a systematic review of papers dealing with the phenomenon was conducted. The review indicates that the unification of experimental treatments (light spectrum, intensity and photoperiod, and KAR1 concentration within the species) could improve the quality of global research on the impact of smoke chemicals on photoblastic seeds, also at the molecular level. The review also reveals that the physiologically active concentration of KAR1 varies in different species. Moreover, the physiological window of KAR’s impact on germination can be narrow due to different depths of primary seed dormancy. Another concern is the mode of action of different smoke sources and formulations (aerosol smoke, smoke-saturated water), or pure smoke chemicals. The reason for this concern is the additive or synergetic effect of KARs, cyanohydrins, nitrates and other compounds, and the presence of a germination inhibitor, trimethylbutenolide (TMB) in smoke and its formulations. Obviously, environmental factors that are characteristic of the local environment need to be considered. From a practical perspective, seeds germinating faster in response to smoke chemicals can outcompete other seeds. Hence, a thorough understanding of this phenomenon can be useful in the restoration of plant habitats and the protection of rare species, as well as yielding an improvement in plants that are sown directly to the field. On the other hand, the application of smoke compounds can induce “suicidal germination” in the photoblastic seeds that are buried in the soil and deplete the soil seed bank of the local population of unwanted species.
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Interactions of Gibberellins with Phytohormones and Their Role in Stress Responses. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellins are amongst the main plant growth regulators. Discovered over a century ago, the interest in gibberellins research is growing due to their current and potential applications in crop production and their role in the responses to environmental stresses. In the present review, the current knowledge on gibberellins’ homeostasis and modes of action is outlined. Besides this, the complex interrelations between gibberellins and other plant growth regulators are also described, providing an intricate network of interactions that ultimately drives towards precise and specific gene expression. Thus, genes and proteins identified as being involved in gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms governing the gibberellins’ relation to stress responses are also depicted. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art of the current perceptions of the interactions of gibberellins with other phytohormones, and their responses to plant stresses, thus allowing for the identification of the specific mechanisms involved. This knowledge will help us to improve our understanding of gibberellins’ biology, and might help increase the biotechnological toolbox needed to refine plant resilience, particularly under a climate change scenario.
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Panda D, Mohanty S, Das S, Sah RP, Kumar A, Behera L, Baig MJ, Tripathy BC. The role of phytochrome-mediated gibberellic acid signaling in the modulation of seed germination under low light stress in rice ( O. sativa L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:585-605. [PMID: 35465204 PMCID: PMC8986944 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed germination plays cardinal roles in seedling establishment and their successive growth. However, seed germination is retarded by far-red (FR) enrichment under low light stress, and the inhibitory signalling mechanism remains ambiguous. Our results indicated that low light treatment, both in the open and growth chamber conditions, inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing the gibberellin (GA) contents. To explore the mechanism of GA-deficiency under low light stress, differential expression profiling of GA-anabolic, -catabolic, ABA -anabolic, -catabolic, and SLR1 was investigated, revealing that expression of ABA- anabolic, GA-catabolic genes and SLR1 was upregulated with a simultaneous downregulation of ABA-catabolic and GA-anabolic genes under low light treatment. These results suggested that FR-induced GA inadequacy is resulted by upregulation of SLR1 and GA-catabolism genes consequently increase DELLA that further subsided GA-responses in the germinating rice seeds. Moreover, we provided evidence that FR-induced GA inadequacy demotes rice seed germination by decreasing amylase activity, eventually decreasing the carbohydrate solubilization in the germinating seeds. Finally, we suggest that under low light stress, due to a retarded conversion of phytochrome A to their bioactive form, the ABA-catabolic genes were eventually upregulated with a simultaneous downregulation of GA-anabolic genes. Consequently, a lower GA pool fails to leverage the GA-dependent DELLA degradation, further shutting down the expected GA responses that reduce germination efficiency under FR-enriched light. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01167-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Panda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Swagatika Das
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | | | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
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Shah FA, Ni J, Tang C, Chen X, Kan W, Wu L. Karrikinolide alleviates salt stress in wheat by regulating the redox and K +/Na + homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:921-933. [PMID: 34555666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karrikinolide (KAR1), identified in biochars, has gained research attention because of its significant role in seed germination, seedling development, root development, and abiotic stresses. However, KAR1 regulation of salt stress in wheat is elusive. This study investigated the physiological mechanism involved in KAR1 alleviation of salt stress in wheat. The results showed KAR1 boosted seed germination percentage under salinity stress via stimulating the relative expression of genes regulating gibberellins biosynthesis and decreasing the expression levels of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling genes. As seen in seed germination, exogenous supplementation of KAR1 dramatically mitigated the salt stress also in wheat seedling, resulting in increased root and shoot growth as measured in biomass as compared to salt stress alone. Salt stress significantly induced the endogenous hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, whereas KAR1 strictly counterbalanced them. Under salt stress, KAR1 supplementation showed significant induction in reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content, which improved GSH/GSSG ratio in wheat seedlings. Exogenous supplementation of KAR1 significantly promoted the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. KAR1 induced the relative expression of genes regulating the biosynthesis of antioxidants in wheat seedlings under salinity. Moreover, KAR1 induced the expression level of K+/Na+ homeostasis genes, reduced Na+ concentration, and induced K+ concentration in wheat seedling under salt stress. The results suggest that KAR1 supplementation maintained the redox and K+/Na+ homeostasis in wheat seedling under salinity, which might be a crucial part of physiological mechanisms in KAR1 induced tolerance to salt stress. In conclusion, we exposed the protective role of KAR1 against salt stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Afzal Shah
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wenjie Kan
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, PR China; Zhongke Hefei Intelligent Agricultural Valley Co., Ltd, Hefei, PR China.
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13
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Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination in Polygonatum cyrtonema. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12161. [PMID: 34108536 PMCID: PMC8190097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (Huangjing, HJ) has medicinal and edible value in China. However, the seeds of this plant are naturally difficult to germinate. Therefore, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the germination of this plant in order to meet the market demand, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in this study. We observed that plant hormones and α-amylase activity were differentially regulated when comparing germinated and un-germinated seeds. In addition, the metabolites related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly up-accumulated in germinated seeds. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and organic acids were observed to be significantly decreased during germination. The results of this study suggested that compared to un-germinated seeds, germinated seeds promote flavonoid synthesis and inhibit lignin synthesis which could be beneficial to the germination of HJ seeds. Furthermore, these results suggested that starch if hydrolyzed into glucose, which could provide the necessary energy for germination. Our results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the regulatory networks of seed germination and may facilitate the propagation of HJ seeds.
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Elattar MA, Karikari B, Li S, Song S, Cao Y, Aslam M, Hina A, Abou-Elwafa SF, Zhao T. Identification and Validation of Major QTLs, Epistatic Interactions, and Candidate Genes for Soybean Seed Shape and Weight Using Two Related RIL Populations. Front Genet 2021; 12:666440. [PMID: 34122518 PMCID: PMC8195344 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic mechanism underlying seed size, shape, and weight is essential for enhancing soybean cultivars. High-density genetic maps of two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, LM6 and ZM6, were evaluated across multiple environments to identify and validate M-QTLs as well as identify candidate genes behind major and stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A total of 239 and 43 M-QTLs were mapped by composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM) approaches, from which 180 and 18, respectively, are novel QTLs. Twenty-two QTLs including four novel major QTLs were validated in the two RIL populations across multiple environments. Moreover, 18 QTLs showed significant AE effects, and 40 pairwise of the identified QTLs exhibited digenic epistatic effects. Thirty-four QTLs associated with seed flatness index (FI) were identified and reported here for the first time. Seven QTL clusters comprising several QTLs for seed size, shape, and weight on genomic regions of chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 17, and 19 were identified. Gene annotations, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and RNA-seq analyses of the genomic regions of those seven QTL clusters identified 47 candidate genes for seed-related traits. These genes are highly expressed in seed-related tissues and nodules, which might be deemed as potential candidate genes regulating the seed size, weight, and shape traits in soybean. This study provides detailed information on the genetic basis of the studied traits and candidate genes that could be efficiently implemented by soybean breeders for fine mapping and gene cloning, and for marker-assisted selection (MAS) targeted at improving these traits individually or concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Elattar
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongce Cao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammed Aslam
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiman Hina
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Bawa G, Feng L, Chen G, Chen H, Hu Y, Pu T, Cheng Y, Shi J, Xiao T, Zhou W, Yong T, Sun X, Yang F, Yang W, Wang X. Gibberellins and auxin regulate soybean hypocotyl elongation under low light and high-temperature interaction. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:345-356. [PMID: 32588443 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important oilseed crop grown globally. However, two examples of environmental stresses that drastically regulate soybean growth are low light and high-temperature. Emerging evidence suggests a possible interconnection between these two environmental stimuli. Low light and high-temperature as individual factors have been reported to regulate plant hypocotyl elongation. However, their interactive signal effect on soybean growth and development remains largely unclear. Here, we report that gibberellins (GAs) and auxin are required for soybean hypocotyl elongation under low light and high-temperature interaction. Our analysis indicated that low light and high-temperature interaction enhanced the regulation of soybean hypocotyl elongation and that the endogenous GA3 , GA7 , indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-pyruvate (IPA) contents significantly increased. Again, analysis of the effect of exogenous phytohormones and biosynthesis inhibitors treatments showed that exogenous GA, IAA, and paclobutrazol (PAC), 2, 3, 5,-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) treatments significantly regulated soybean seedlings growth under low light and high-temperature interaction. Further qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of GA biosynthesis pathway genes (GmGA3ox1, GmGA3ox2 and GmGA3) and auxin biosynthesis pathway genes (GmYUCCA3, GmYUCCA5 and GmYUCCA7) significantly increased under (i) low light and high-temperature interaction and (ii) exogenous GA and IAA treatments. Altogether, these observations support the hypothesis that gibberellins and auxin regulate soybean hypocotyl elongation under low light and high-temperature stress interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bawa
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tian Pu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yajiao Cheng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianyi Shi
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Te Xiao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Khatoon A, Rehman SU, Aslam MM, Jamil M, Komatsu S. Plant-Derived Smoke Affects Biochemical Mechanism on Plant Growth and Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7760. [PMID: 33092218 PMCID: PMC7588921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of plant-derived smoke, which is changed in mineral-nutrient status, in enhancing germination and post-germination was effectively established. The majority of plant species positively respond to plant-derived smoke in the enhancement of seed germination and plant growth. The stimulatory effect of plant-derived smoke on normally growing and stressed plants may help to reduce economic and human resources, which validates its candidature as a biostimulant. Plant-derived smoke potentially facilitates the early harvest and increases crop productivity. Karrikins and cyanohydrin are the active compound in plant-derived smoke. In this review, data from the latest research explaining the effect of plant-derived smoke on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of plants are presented. The pathway for reception and interaction of compounds of plant-derived smoke at the cellular and molecular level of plant is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amana Khatoon
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Bose U, Juhász A, Broadbent JA, Komatsu S, Colgrave ML. Multi-Omics Strategies for Decoding Smoke-Assisted Germination Pathways and Seed Vigour. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7512. [PMID: 33053786 PMCID: PMC7593932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of seed germination and the successful establishment of seedlings across diverse environmental conditions depends on seed vigour, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. The smoke-derived exogenous compound karrikins (KARs) and the endogenous plant hormone strigolactone (SL) are two classes of butanolide-containing molecules that follow highly similar signalling pathways to control diverse biological activities in plants. Unravelling the precise mode-of-action of these two classes of molecules in model species has been a key research objective. However, the specific and dynamic expression of biomolecules upon stimulation by these signalling molecules remains largely unknown. Genomic and post-genomic profiling approaches have enabled mining and association studies across the vast genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we review the background of smoke-assisted germination and vigour and the current knowledge of how plants perceive KAR and SL signalling and initiate the crosstalk with the germination-associated hormone pathways. The recent advancement of 'multi-omics' applications are discussed in the context of KAR signalling and with relevance to their adoption for superior agronomic trait development. The remaining challenges and future opportunities for integrating multi-omics datasets associated with their application in KAR-dependent seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - James A. Broadbent
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
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18
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Yang Y, Zheng C, Chandrasekaran U, Yu L, Liu C, Pu T, Wang X, Du J, Liu J, Yang F, Yong T, Yang W, Liu W, Shu K. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080937. [PMID: 32722147 PMCID: PMC7465105 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzeng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | | | - Liang Yu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Tian Pu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
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Hina A, Cao Y, Song S, Li S, Sharmin RA, Elattar MA, Bhat JA, Zhao T. High-Resolution Mapping in Two RIL Populations Refines Major "QTL Hotspot" Regions for Seed Size and Shape in Soybean ( Glycine max L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1040. [PMID: 32033213 PMCID: PMC7038151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed size and shape are important traits determining yield and quality in soybean. However, the genetic mechanism and genes underlying these traits remain largely unexplored. In this regard, this study used two related recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (ZY and K3N) evaluated in multiple environments to identify main and epistatic-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for six seed size and shape traits in soybean. A total of 88 and 48 QTLs were detected through composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM), respectively, and 15 QTLs were common among both methods; two of them were major (R2 > 10%) and novel QTLs (viz., qSW-1-1ZN and qSLT-20-1K3N). Additionally, 51 and 27 QTLs were identified for the first time through CIM and MCIM methods, respectively. Colocalization of QTLs occurred in four major QTL hotspots/clusters, viz., "QTL Hotspot A", "QTL Hotspot B", "QTL Hotspot C", and "QTL Hotspot D" located on Chr06, Chr10, Chr13, and Chr20, respectively. Based on gene annotation, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and RNA-Seq analysis, 23 genes within four "QTL Hotspots" were predicted as possible candidates, regulating soybean seed size and shape. Network analyses demonstrated that 15 QTLs showed significant additive x environment (AE) effects, and 16 pairs of QTLs showing epistatic effects were also detected. However, except three epistatic QTLs, viz., qSL-13-3ZY, qSL-13-4ZY, and qSW-13-4ZY, all the remaining QTLs depicted no main effects. Hence, the present study is a detailed and comprehensive investigation uncovering the genetic basis of seed size and shape in soybeans. The use of a high-density map identified new genomic regions providing valuable information and could be the primary target for further fine mapping, candidate gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding (MAB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Hina
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Yongce Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube; College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China;
| | - Shiyu Song
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Shuguang Li
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Ripa Akter Sharmin
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mahmoud A. Elattar
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (A.H.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.E.)
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20
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Potential of Karrikins as Novel Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010043. [PMID: 31888087 PMCID: PMC7020145 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) have been identified as molecules derived from plant material smoke, which have the capacity to enhance seed germination for a wide range of plant species. However, KARs were observed to not only impact seed germination but also observed to influence several biological processes. The plants defected in the KARs signaling pathway were observed to grow differently with several morphological changes. The observation of KARs as a growth regulator in plants leads to the search for an endogenous KAR-like molecule. Due to its simple genomic structure, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) helps to understand the signaling mechanism of KARs and phenotypic responses caused by them. However, different species have a different phenotypic response to KARs treatment. Therefore, in the current work, updated information about the KARs effect is presented. Results of research on agricultural and horticultural crops are summarized and compared with the findings of Arabidopsis studies. In this article, we suggested that KARs may be more important in coping with modern problems than one could imagine.
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21
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Yang T, Lian Y, Wang C. Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246270. [PMID: 31842355 PMCID: PMC6941112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongying Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-8914155; Fax: +86-0931-8914155
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22
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Manoharlal R, Saiprasad GVS. Assessment of germination, phytochemicals, and transcriptional responses to ethephon priming in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Genome 2019; 62:769-783. [PMID: 31479624 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to dissect the underlying signaling pathways associated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed hormo-priming with ethephon (Eth). Our results demonstrated that soybean germination improved significantly upon Eth priming (Ethp). Phytohormone quantification shows relative enhanced endogenous gibberellin A4 (GA4) levels concomitant with impaired biogenesis and signaling of auxin, viz., indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Phytochemical analysis revealed relative reduced levels of individual and total raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) components, starch, soluble sugars, and sucrose concomitant with enhanced levels of reducing sugars, glucose, cellular ATP, and acetyl-CoA pools. Secondary metabolite analysis revealed the activation of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway with a concomitant suppression of the plastidal 2-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate/1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (MEP/DOX) and phenylpropanoid pathways, substantiated by relative reduced levels of total phenolics, tannins, and proanthocyanidin. Ethp also enhances the in vitro antioxidative activity (viz., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and endogenous antioxidants levels (viz., flavonoids, isoflavones, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E). Further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed transcriptional pattern of representative genes in agreement with these metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Manoharlal
- ITC Limited, ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre (LSTC), Peenya Industrial Area, 1 Phase, Bengaluru-560058, Karnataka, India
- ITC Limited, ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre (LSTC), Peenya Industrial Area, 1 Phase, Bengaluru-560058, Karnataka, India
| | - G V S Saiprasad
- ITC Limited, ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre (LSTC), Peenya Industrial Area, 1 Phase, Bengaluru-560058, Karnataka, India
- ITC Limited, ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre (LSTC), Peenya Industrial Area, 1 Phase, Bengaluru-560058, Karnataka, India
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23
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Mérai Z, Graeber K, Wilhelmsson P, Ullrich KK, Arshad W, Grosche C, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Strnad M, Rensing SA, Leubner-Metzger G, Mittelsten Scheid O. Aethionema arabicum: a novel model plant to study the light control of seed germination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3313-3328. [PMID: 30949700 PMCID: PMC6598081 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The timing of seed germination is crucial for seed plants and is coordinated by internal and external cues, reflecting adaptations to different habitats. Physiological and molecular studies with lettuce and Arabidopsis thaliana have documented a strict requirement for light to initiate germination and identified many receptors, signaling cascades, and hormonal control elements. In contrast, seed germination in several other plants is inhibited by light, but the molecular basis of this alternative response is unknown. We describe Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae) as a suitable model plant to investigate the mechanism of germination inhibition by light, as this species has accessions with natural variation between light-sensitive and light-neutral responses. Inhibition of germination occurs in red, blue, or far-red light and increases with light intensity and duration. Gibberellins and abscisic acid are involved in the control of germination, as in Arabidopsis, but transcriptome comparisons of light- and dark-exposed A. arabicum seeds revealed that, upon light exposure, the expression of genes for key regulators undergo converse changes, resulting in antipodal hormone regulation. These findings illustrate that similar modular components of a pathway in light-inhibited, light-neutral, and light-requiring germination among the Brassicaceae have been assembled in the course of evolution to produce divergent pathways, likely as adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Mérai
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kai Graeber
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Per Wilhelmsson
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str., Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian K Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str., Marburg, Germany
| | - Waheed Arshad
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Christopher Grosche
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str., Marburg, Germany
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str., Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Smoke-Water Enhances Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Horticultural Crops. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040104. [PMID: 31003496 PMCID: PMC6524032 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of plant-derived smoke as a promoter of seed germination in many crops is well documented. However, very little is known about (1) the appropriate plant species for smoke-water preparation, (2) the effect of smoke-water on the germination and the post-germination parameters in non-fire-prone environments, and (3) the relative importance of dark and light conditions and their possible effects. To fill these gaps in knowledge, we conducted field experiments to evaluate the effect of smoke-water produced from five plant species—white willow, sage, rice straw, rosemary, and lemon eucalyptus—on the germination and seedling growth of cucumber, tomato, scotch marigold, and gladiolus. The seeds and cormels were soaked in smoke-water under light or dark conditions. The results revealed that the smoke-water treatments derived from white willow and lemon eucalyptus enhanced germination, post-germination parameters, and macro element content whilst also contributing to dormancy-breaking. In addition, these smoke-water treatments significantly reduced abscisic acid content and increased α-amylase activity under light conditions; however, the stimulating effects were absent under dark conditions. In conclusion, we provide new evidence that germination and seedling growth in non-fire-prone environments can be enhanced by plant-derived smoke, and that stimulating impacts depend on the plant species used to prepare the smoke-water.
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25
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Xu J, Zhang QF, Zheng J, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Mass spectrometry-based fecal metabolome analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Liu Y, Han C, Deng X, Liu D, Liu N, Yan Y. Integrated physiology and proteome analysis of embryo and endosperm highlights complex metabolic networks involved in seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:63-76. [PMID: 30041047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and proteomic changes in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination in the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhengmai 366. Upon imbibition, seed size and water content increased rapidly, followed by a series of metabolic changes including increases in soluble sugar content and α-amylase activity, a decrease in starch content, and a rapid increase in plant hormones. In total, 57 and 45 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) from the embryo and endosperm, respectively, were identified at five germination stages (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h). Principal component analysis revealed a significant proteome difference between embryo and endosperm as well as the different germination stages. The largest proteome changes occurred 24 h after seed imbibition. Embryo DAP spots were mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress/defense, and protein metabolism; those from the endosperm were primarily related to storage protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a complicated interaction network between energy-related proteins and other proteins. Metabolic pathway analysis highlighted complex regulatory networks in the embryo and endosperm that regulate wheat seed germination. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Caixia Han
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Dongmiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, China.
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27
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Płażek A, Dubert F, Kopeć P, Dziurka M, Kalandyk A, Pastuszak J, Waligórski P, Wolko B. Long-Term Effects of Cold on Growth, Development and Yield of Narrow-Leaf Lupine May Be Alleviated by Seed Hydropriming or Butenolide. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2416. [PMID: 30115849 PMCID: PMC6121490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, the effects of cold on the development of Lupine angustifolius and the possibility of mitigating it, via seed hydropriming or pre-treatment with butenolide (10-6 M⁻10-4 M), are investigated in two cultivars, differing in their ability to germinate at low temperature. Physiological background of plant development after cold stress was investigated in imbibed seeds. For the first four weeks, the seedlings grew at 7 °C or 13 °C. Seeds well germinating at 7 °C demonstrated higher activity of α-amylase and higher levels of gibberellins, IAA and kinetin. Germination ability at low temperature correlated with dehydrogenase activity and membrane permeability. Seed pre-treatment improved germination at low temperature by decreasing abscisic acid content. Seed hydropriming alleviated cold effects on plant development rate and yield, while butenolide accelerated vegetative development but delayed the generative phase. Potential seed yield may be predicted based on the seed germination vigour and the photosynthetic efficiency measured before flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Franciszek Dubert
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalandyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Wolko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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28
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Liu L, Xia W, Li H, Zeng H, Wei B, Han S, Yin C. Salinity Inhibits Rice Seed Germination by Reducing α-Amylase Activity via Decreased Bioactive Gibberellin Content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 29556245 PMCID: PMC5845124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination plays important roles in the establishment of seedlings and their subsequent growth; however, seed germination is inhibited by salinity, and the inhibitory mechanism remains elusive. Our results indicate that NaCl treatment inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing the contents of bioactive gibberellins (GAs), such as GA1 and GA4, and that this inhibition can be rescued by exogenous bioactive GA application. To explore the mechanism of bioactive GA deficiency, the effect of NaCl on GA metabolic gene expression was investigated, revealing that expression of both GA biosynthetic genes and GA-inactivated genes was up-regulated by NaCl treatment. These results suggest that NaCl-induced bioactive GA deficiency is caused by up-regulated expression of GA-inactivated genes, and the up-regulated expression of GA biosynthetic genes might be a consequence of negative feedback regulation of the bioactive GA deficiency. Moreover, we provide evidence that NaCl-induced bioactive GA deficiency inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing α-amylase activity via down-regulation of α-amylase gene expression. Additionally, exogenous bioactive GA rescues NaCl-inhibited seed germination by enhancing α-amylase activity. Thus, NaCl treatment reduces bioactive GA content through promotion of bioactive GA inactivation, which in turn inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing α-amylase activity via down-regulation of α-amylase gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weili Xia
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixia Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanlai Zeng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benhui Wei
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Suoyi Han
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changxi Yin,
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29
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Shu K, Zhou W, Chen F, Luo X, Yang W. Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins Antagonistically Mediate Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29636768 PMCID: PMC5881240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones regulate numerous important biological processes in plant development and biotic/abiotic stress response cascades. More than 50 and 100 years have passed since the initial discoveries of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GA), respectively. Over the past several decades, numerous elegant studies have demonstrated that ABA and GA antagonistically regulate many plant developmental processes, including seed maturation, seed dormancy and germination, root initiation, hypocotyl and stem elongation, and floral transition. Furthermore, as a well-established stress hormone, ABA plays a key role in plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought, flooding, salinity and low temperature. Interestingly, recent evidence revealed that GA are also involved in plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Consequently, the complex crosstalk networks between ABA and GA, mediated by diverse key regulators, have been extensively investigated and documented. In this updated mini-review, we summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of the antagonistically regulatory roles of ABA and GA in different stages of plant development and in various plant-environment interactions, focusing on the crosstalk between ABA and GA at the levels of phytohormone metabolism and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- *Correspondence: Kai Shu, Wenyu Yang,
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Shuai H, Meng Y, Luo X, Chen F, Zhou W, Dai Y, Qi Y, Du J, Yang F, Liu J, Yang W, Shu K. Exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination through decreasing the gibberellin/abscisic acid (GA/ABA) ratio. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12620. [PMID: 28974733 PMCID: PMC5626727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is an important phytohormone which mediates diverse development processes in plants. Published research has demonstrated that auxin induces seed dormancy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effect of auxin on seed germination need further investigation, especially the relationship between auxins and both abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), the latter two phytohormones being the key regulators of seed germination. Here we report that exogenous auxin treatment represses soybean seed germination by enhancing ABA biosynthesis, while impairing GA biogenesis, and finally decreasing GA1/ABA and GA4/ABA ratios. Microscope observation showed that auxin treatment delayed rupture of the soybean seed coat and radicle protrusion. qPCR assay revealed that transcription of the genes involved in ABA biosynthetic pathway was up-regulated by application of auxin, while expression of genes involved in GA biosynthetic pathway was down-regulated. Accordingly, further phytohormone quantification shows that auxin significantly increased ABA content, whereas the active GA1 and GA4 levels were decreased, resulting insignificant decreases in the ratiosGA1/ABA and GA4/ABA.Consistent with this, ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone reversed the delayed-germination phenotype associated with auxin treatment, while paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited soybean seed germination. Altogether, exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination by mediating ABA and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Bączek-Kwinta R. Swailing affects seed germination of plants of European bio-and agricenosis in a different way. Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSwailing as a part of agricultural practice is an illegal habit in many European countries. The indirect effect of swailing is the emission of volatiles (SGV), hence the aim of the study was to identify their impact to seeds of different species occurring or grown Europe. It was carried out on seeds of 29 species of 10 botanical families within the angiosperms. The response to SGV was more or less differentiated within a family, and even within the species, e.g. in the case of tomato. The stimulation of germination and/or increased seedling vigour was established in celery, green- and red-leafed basil, white and red cabbage, white clover and wild thyme. The same effect was noticed for the seeds of stratified broadleaf plantain and the positively photoblastic seeds of German chamomile germinated in darkness. The inhibition of seed germination and/ or reduced seedling vigour was demonstrated in case of caraway, dill and forget-me-not. Similar results were obtained in the experiments carried outin vitroand in the soil, hence it can be assumed that the indirect impact of SGV on plant habitat composition is likely. The interaction of SGV compounds with seed testa and seed phytohormones is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bączek-Kwinta
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Krakow30-239, ul. Podluzna 3, Poland
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Meng Y, Shuai H, Luo X, Chen F, Zhou W, Yang W, Shu K. Karrikins: Regulators Involved in Phytohormone Signaling Networks during Seed Germination and Seedling Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2021. [PMID: 28174573 PMCID: PMC5258710 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and early seedling establishment are critical stages during a plant's life cycle. These stages are precisely regulated by multiple internal factors, including phytohormones and environmental cues such as light. As a family of small molecules discovered in wildfire smoke, karrikins (KARs) play a key role in various biological processes, including seed dormancy release, germination regulation, and seedling establishment. KARs show a high similarity with strigolactone (SL) in both chemical structure and signaling transduction pathways. Current evidence shows that KARs may regulate seed germination by mediating the biosynthesis and/or signaling transduction of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and auxin [indoleacetic acid (IAA)]. Interestingly, KARs regulate seed germination differently in different species. Furthermore, the promotion effect on seedling establishment implies that KARs have a great potential application in alleviating shade avoidance response, which attracts more and more attention in plant molecular biology. In these processes, KARs may have complicated interactions with phytohormones, especially with IAA. In this updated review, we summarize the current understanding of the relationship between KARs and SL in the chemical structure, signaling pathway and the regulation of plant growth and development. Further, the crosstalk between KARs and phytohormones in regulating seed germination and seedling development and that between KARs and IAA during shade responses are discussed. Finally, future challenges and research directions for the KAR research field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Improvement of Soybean Products Through the Response Mechanism Analysis Using Proteomic Technique. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 82:117-148. [PMID: 28427531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is rich in protein/vegetable oil and contains several phytochemicals such as isoflavones and phenolic compounds. Because of the predominated nutritional values, soybean is considered as traditional health benefit food. Soybean is a widely cultivated crop; however, its growth and yield are markedly affected by adverse environmental conditions. Proteomic techniques make it feasible to map protein profiles both during soybean growth and under unfavorable conditions. The stress-responsive mechanisms during soybean growth have been uncovered with the help of proteomic studies. In this review, the history of soybean as food and the morphology/physiology of soybean are described. The utilization of proteomics during soybean germination and development is summarized. In addition, the stress-responsive mechanisms explored using proteomic techniques are reviewed in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Shu K, Qi Y, Chen F, Meng Y, Luo X, Shuai H, Zhou W, Ding J, Du J, Liu J, Yang F, Wang Q, Liu W, Yong T, Wang X, Feng Y, Yang W. Salt Stress Represses Soybean Seed Germination by Negatively Regulating GA Biosynthesis While Positively Mediating ABA Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1372. [PMID: 28848576 PMCID: PMC5554363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important and staple oilseed crop worldwide. Salinity stress has adverse effects on soybean development periods, especially on seed germination and post-germinative growth. Improving seed germination and emergence will have positive effects under salt stress conditions on agricultural production. Here we report that NaCl delays soybean seed germination by negatively regulating gibberellin (GA) while positively mediating abscisic acid (ABA) biogenesis, which leads to a decrease in the GA/ABA ratio. This study suggests that fluridone (FLUN), an ABA biogenesis inhibitor, might be a potential plant growth regulator that can promote soybean seed germination under saline stress. Different soybean cultivars, which possessed distinct genetic backgrounds, showed a similar repressed phenotype during seed germination under exogenous NaCl application. Biochemical analysis revealed that NaCl treatment led to high MDA (malondialdehyde) level during germination and the post-germinative growth stages. Furthermore, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities also changed after NaCl treatment. Subsequent quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis showed that the transcription levels of ABA and GA biogenesis and signaling genes were altered after NaCl treatment. In line with this, phytohormone measurement also revealed that NaCl considerably down-regulated active GA1, GA3, and GA4 levels, whereas the ABA content was up-regulated; and therefore ratios, such as GA1/ABA, GA3/ABA, and GA4/ABA, are decreased. Consistent with the hormonal quantification, FLUN partially rescued the delayed-germination phenotype caused by NaCl-treatment. Altogether, these results demonstrate that NaCl stress inhibits soybean seed germination by decreasing the GA/ABA ratio, and that FLUN might be a potential plant growth regulator that could promote soybean seed germination under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Shu, Wenyu Yang,
| | - Ying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Haiwei Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Shu, Wenyu Yang,
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