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Liu Y, Xu Z, Sun Y, Zhang B, Wang X, Ma L. Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy with novel mutations in CDH3 gene. Australas J Dermatol 2024; 65:91-94. [PMID: 37850495 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zigang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Borodic G. Botulinum toxin type A in multimodal management of age-related macular degeneration and related diseases. Toxicon 2023; 236:107170. [PMID: 37210045 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of visual loss in the aging population in the Western world. In past decade, intra ocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) pharmaceuticals have revolutionized therapy for exudative (edematous-wet) AMD and become standard practice for the near term. However repeated intra-ocular injections are required for years and long terms results have been limited. The pathogenesis of this condition is multifactorial involving genetic, ischemic, inflammatory factors leading to neovascularization, edema and retinal pigment epithelial scaring resulting in photoreceptor destruction. Based on coincidental observation in reduction in AMD related macular edema on ocular coherence tomography (OCT) in a BoNT A treated patient with facial movement disease, BoNT-A at conventional doses targeting the para orbital area was added to therapeutic regiment in a small number of patients with exudative macular degeneration or related diseases. Measurements of edema and choriocapillaris using Spectral Doman (OCT) and Ocular Coherence Angiography (OCT-A) and Snellen visual acuity were made over the evaluation period. 15 eyes in 14 patients averaged 361 μm central sub foveal edema (CSFT) pre injection and average of 266 μm (CSFT) post injection over an average of 21 months and 5.7 cycles using BoNT A alone at conventional doses (n = 86 post injection measurements, paired t-test p < 0.001 two tailed). Visions at baseline in patients with 20/40 or worse averaged 20/100- pre injection improved to an average of 20/40- in the post injection period (n = 49 measurements p < 0.002 paired t-test). The previous data was added to a group of 12 more severely afflicted patients receiving anti VEGF (aflibercept or bevacizumab) (total 27 patients). With this 27-patient group, patients were followed for an average of 20 months and receiving average of 6 cycles at conventional doses. Improvement in exudative edema and vision were noted with pre injection baseline CSFT average 399.5, post injection average 267, n = 303 post measurement, independent t-test P < 0.0001.). Snellen vision 20/128 baseline average improved to average of 20/60- during post injection period (n = 157 post injection measurements, p < 0.0001 paired t-test to baseline). No substantial adverse effects were noted. Cyclic effects were noted corresponding to duration of action of BoNT-A on a number of patients. The above data is preliminary and is skewed toward early leakage for all conditions. BoNT A may have a role in the treatment of aged related macular degeneration. Controlled studies are needed with careful staging and baseline stratifications for multi-modal management paradigms. The findings are discussed relative to known botulinum toxin type A pharmacology and AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Borodic
- Associated Eye Physicians and Surgeons Inc, Quincy, Ma, 02169, USA.
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3
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Eade KT, Ansell BRE, Giles S, Fallon R, Harkins-Perry S, Nagasaki T, Tzaridis S, Wallace M, Mills EA, Farashi S, Johnson A, Sauer L, Hart B, Diaz-Rubio ME, Bahlo M, Metallo C, Allikmets R, Gantner ML, Bernstein PS, Friedlander M. iPSC-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells from patients with macular telangiectasia show decreased mitochondrial function. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163771. [PMID: 37115691 PMCID: PMC10145939 DOI: 10.1172/jci163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a powerful tool for identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease. Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is a rare, late-onset degenerative retinal disease with an extremely heterogeneous genetic architecture, lending itself to the use of iPSCs. Whole-exome sequencing screens and pedigree analyses have identified rare causative mutations that account for less than 5% of cases. Metabolomic surveys of patient populations and GWAS have linked MacTel to decreased circulating levels of serine and elevated levels of neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-dSLs). However, retina-specific, disease-contributing factors have yet to be identified. Here, we used iPSC-differentiated retinal pigmented epithelial (iRPE) cells derived from donors with or without MacTel to screen for novel cell-intrinsic pathological mechanisms. We show that MacTel iRPE cells mimicked the low serine levels observed in serum from patients with MacTel. Through RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment pathway analysis, we determined that MacTel iRPE cells are enriched in cellular stress pathways and dysregulation of central carbon metabolism. Using respirometry and mitochondrial stress testing, we functionally validated that MacTel iRPE cells had a reduction in mitochondrial function that was independent of defects in serine biosynthesis and 1-dSL accumulation. Thus, we identified phenotypes that may constitute alternative disease mechanisms beyond the known serine/sphingolipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Eade
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brendan Robert E. Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Regis Fallon
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Harkins-Perry
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone Tzaridis
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A. Mills
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samaneh Farashi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alec Johnson
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lydia Sauer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Barbara Hart
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marin L. Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Leal-Rodríguez R, Barragán-Arévalo T, Pérez-Torres A, Giraldo-Gómez DM, Zenteno JC. Clinical, genetic, and electron microscopy of hair findings in a patient with CDH3 -related hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. Clin Dysmorphol 2023; 32:62-64. [PMID: 36779776 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Leal-Rodríguez
- Retina Department, Instituto de Enfermedades y Cirugía Ocular (IECO), García Ginerés, Mérida Yucatán
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Zenteno
- Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology 'Conde de Valenciana'
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yusuf IH, Garrett A, MacLaren RE, Issa PC. Retinal cadherins and the retinal cadherinopathies: Current concepts and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hayashi T, Katagiri S, Kubota D, Mizobuchi K, Ishiuji Y, Asahina A, Kameya S, Nakano T. The first Japanese family of CDH3-related hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1688. [PMID: 33837674 PMCID: PMC8222849 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by biallelic variants in the CDH3 gene encoding P-cadherin. Here, we report two Japanese sibling patients with HJMD. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify disease-causing variants. In addition, ophthalmic and dermatological examinations were performed to classify the phenotype of each patient. RESULTS The WES analysis revealed novel compound heterozygous CDH3 variants [c.123_129dupAGGCGCG (p.Glu44fsX26) and c.2280+1G>T] in both patients; the unaffected, nonconsanguineous parents each exhibited one of the variants. Both patients showed the same clinical findings. Ophthalmologically, they exhibited progressive loss of visual acuity and chorioretinal macular atrophy, as examined with fundoscopy, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography. Full-field electroretinography, assessing generalized retinal function, revealed nearly normal amplitudes of both rod- and cone-mediated responses. Multifocal electroretinography, reflecting macular function, showed extremely decreased responses in the central area, corresponding to the chorioretinal atrophy. Dermatological examination revealed diffuse thinning of the scalp hair, which was sparse and fragile. CONCLUSION This is the first report of Japanese patients with HJMD and novel compound heterozygous truncating variants in CDH3. Our findings can expand the knowledge and understanding of CDH3-related HJMD, which could be helpful to ophthalmologists and dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Katsushika Medical Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Mizobuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yozo Ishiuji
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kameya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Ahmed A, Alali A, Alsharif O, Kaki A. Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report. Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 7:75-79. [PMID: 33614726 DOI: 10.1159/000511741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder due to a mutation in the CDH3 gene. As its name indicates, the disease classically presented with hypotrichosis and early visual impairment. We describe herein a family member with alopecia since birth associated with severe visual impairment in their early life. We suspect the diagnosis of hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. Genetic testing confirms the clinical suspension. We emphasize the importance of genetic testing for proper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azhar Alali
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alsharif
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Medina Maternity and Children Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Kaki
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Oliveira-Ferreira C, Leuzinger-Dias M, Tavares-Ferreira J, Silva SE, Brandão E, Falcão-Reis F, Rocha-Sousa A. Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:574-577. [PMID: 31718366 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1688840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sérgio Estrela Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisete Brandão
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - F Falcão-Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amândio Rocha-Sousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Almeida FT, Carneiro-Freitas R, Caldas R, Vieira AP. Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy. Int J Trichology 2018; 10:234-236. [PMID: 30607044 PMCID: PMC6290288 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_60_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by hypotrichosis and progressive macular degeneration, leading to blindness in the first three decades of life. It is associated with mutations in the cadherin 3 gene, resulting in the abnormal expression of P-cadherin. We report a case of a 4-year-old female patient diagnosed with this genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina Caldas
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Vieira
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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10
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Garcia MA, Nelson WJ, Chavez N. Cell-Cell Junctions Organize Structural and Signaling Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029181. [PMID: 28600395 PMCID: PMC5773398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions link cells to each other in tissues, and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cell processes that include tissue barrier function, cell proliferation, and migration. Defects in cell-cell junctions give rise to a wide range of tissue abnormalities that disrupt homeostasis and are common in genetic abnormalities and cancers. Here, we discuss the organization and function of cell-cell junctions primarily involved in adhesion (tight junction, adherens junction, and desmosomes) in two different epithelial tissues: a simple epithelium (intestine) and a stratified epithelium (epidermis). Studies in these tissues reveal similarities and differences in the organization and functions of different cell-cell junctions that meet the requirements for the specialized functions of each tissue. We discuss cell-cell junction responses to genetic and environmental perturbations that provide further insights into their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Garcia
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Natalie Chavez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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11
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Yang X, Chung JY, Rai U, Esumi N. Cadherins in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) revisited: P-cadherin is the highly dominant cadherin expressed in human and mouse RPE in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191279. [PMID: 29338041 PMCID: PMC5770047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports the health and function of retinal photoreceptors and is essential for normal vision. RPE cells are post-mitotic, terminally differentiated, and polarized epithelial cells. In pathological conditions, however, they lose their epithelial integrity, become dysfunctional, even dedifferentiate, and ultimately die. The integrity of epithelial cells is maintained, in part, by adherens junctions, which are composed of cadherin homodimers and p120-, β-, and α-catenins linking to actin filaments. While E-cadherin is the major cadherin for forming the epithelial phenotype in most epithelial cell types, it has been reported that cadherin expression in RPE cells is different from other epithelial cells based on results with cultured RPE cells. In this study, we revisited the expression of cadherins in the RPE to clarify their relative contribution by measuring the absolute quantity of cDNAs produced from mRNAs of three classical cadherins (E-, N-, and P-cadherins) in the RPE in vivo. We found that P-cadherin (CDH3) is highly dominant in both mouse and human RPE in situ. The degree of dominance of P-cadherin is surprisingly large, with mouse Cdh3 and human CDH3 accounting for 82-85% and 92-93% of the total of the three cadherin mRNAs, respectively. We confirmed the expression of P-cadherin protein at the cell-cell border of mouse RPE in situ by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we found that oxidative stress induces dissociation of P-cadherin and β-catenin from the cell membrane and subsequent translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, resulting in activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This is the first report of absolute comparison of the expression of three cadherins in the RPE, and the results suggest that the physiological role of P-cadherin in the RPE needs to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jin-Yong Chung
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Usha Rai
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noriko Esumi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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CLINICAL PROGRESS IN INHERITED RETINAL DEGENERATIONS: GENE THERAPY CLINICAL TRIALS AND ADVANCES IN GENETIC SEQUENCING. Retina 2017; 37:417-423. [PMID: 27753762 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inherited retinal dystrophies are a significant cause of vision loss and are characterized by the loss of photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Mutations in approximately 250 genes cause inherited retinal degenerations with a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. New techniques in next-generation sequencing are allowing the comprehensive analysis of all retinal disease genes thus changing the approach to the molecular diagnosis of inherited retinal dystrophies. This review serves to analyze clinical progress in genetic diagnostic testing and implications for retinal gene therapy. METHODS A literature search of PubMed and OMIM was conducted to relevant articles in inherited retinal dystrophies. RESULTS Next-generation genetic sequencing allows the simultaneous analysis of all the approximately 250 genes that cause inherited retinal dystrophies. Reported diagnostic rates range are high and range from 51% to 57%. These new sequencing tools are highly accurate with sensitivities of 97.9% and specificities of 100%. Retinal gene therapy clinical trials are underway for multiple genes including RPE65, ABCA4, CHM, RS1, MYO7A, CNGA3, CNGB3, ND4, and MERTK for which a molecular diagnosis may be beneficial for patients. CONCLUSION Comprehensive next-generation genetic sequencing of all retinal dystrophy genes is changing the paradigm for how retinal specialists perform genetic testing for inherited retinal degenerations. Not only are high diagnostic yields obtained, but mutations in genes with novel clinical phenotypes are also identified. In the era of retinal gene therapy clinical trials, identifying specific genetic defects will increasingly be of use to identify patients who may enroll in clinical studies and benefit from novel therapies.
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13
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Blanco-Kelly F, Rodrigues-Jacy da Silva L, Sanchez-Navarro I, Riveiro-Alvarez R, Lopez-Martinez MA, Corton M, Ayuso C. New CDH3 mutation in the first Spanish case of hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy, a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:1. [PMID: 28061825 PMCID: PMC5219735 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background CDH3 on 16q22.1 is responsible for two rare autosomal recessive disorders with hypotrichosis and progressive macular dystrophy: Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy and Ectodermal Dysplasia, Ectrodactyly and Macular Dystrophy. We present a new case of Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy. Case presentation A Spanish male born in 1998 from non-consanguineous healthy parents with a suspected diagnosis of Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans and Retinitis Pigmentosa Inversa referred to our Genetics Department (IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz). Molecular study of ABCA4 was performed, and a heterozygous missense p.Val2050Leu variant in ABCA4 was found. Clinical revision reclassified this patient as Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy. Therefore, further CDH3 sequencing was performed showing a novel maternal missense change p.Val205Met (probably pathogenic by in silico analysis), and a previously reported paternal frameshift c.830del;p.Gly277Alafs*20, thus supporting the clinical diagnosis.. Conclusions This is not only the first Spanish case with this clinical and molecular diagnosis, but a new mutation has been described in CDH3. Moreover, this work reflects the importance of joint assessment of clinical signs and evaluation of pedigree for a correct genetic study approach and diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos IIII (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana Rodrigues-Jacy da Silva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iker Sanchez-Navarro
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Riveiro-Alvarez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos IIII (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Lopez-Martinez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos IIII (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Medical Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos IIII (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Genomics and Genetics, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Av. Reyes Católicos n° 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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